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* Capability type checking.
* Fix.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Fix type checking of enum cases.
* Allow decl to have same name as module.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Support visibility control and default to `internal`.
* Fix wip.
* Fixes.
* Fix.
* Fix test.
* Add legacy language detection and compatibility for existing code.
* Add doc.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Improve generic type argument inference.
* Fix.
* Fix.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Parse glsl buffer blocks to GLSLInterfaceBlockDecl
* Parse glsl local size layout declarations
* Parse (and ignore) glsl version directives
* spelling
* Better l-value interpretation for glsl interface blocks
* Better l-value interpretation for glsl interface blocks
* Add compile flag for enabling glsl
* Parse and ignore precision modifiers.
* Automatically import `glsl` module for compatiblity.
* Complete vector and matrix types for glsl
* Remove generated file from repo
* Bump .gitignore
* do not mark out globals as params
* Synthesize entrypoint layout from global inout vars.
* update test result.
* Allow HLSL semantic on global variables.
* Fix.
* Fix test.
* Fix win32 compile error.
* Add more builtin input/output and texture intrinsics.
* Add struct/array constructor syntax.
* Skip `#extension` lines.
* overide operator * for matrix/vector multiplication.
* Add `matrixCompMult`.
* Parse modifiers in for loop init var declr.
* Add more glsl intrinsics, add stage into to var layout.
* Allow `int[3] x` syntax.
* Fix array type syntax.
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Co-authored-by: Ellie Hermaszewska <ellieh@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* wip: clean up IArithmetic
* wip.
* Cleanup builtin arithmetic interfaces.
* Fix.
* Fixes.
* Fix.
* Fix.
* Fix.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Update user-guide with new slangpy features
* More polishing of new slangpy docs
* Update a1-02-slangpy.md
* Only require contiguity for vector element types
* Added `loadOnce/storeOnce` and subscript operations
* Added docs, `DiffTensorView.dims()` & `DiffTensorView.stride(uint)`
* Add constructors, remove storeOnce/loadOnce test
* Adjusted intrinsic definitions
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Incur l-value conversion cost during overload resolution.
* Fix compile error.
* cleanup.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Make a warning if a [mutating] method is passed as an in param.
* Kick CI.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>
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* Update slang-llvm.
* Fix.
* fix.
* Fix unit tests for multi-thread execution.
* Fix tests.
* fixes.
* update tests.
* Add gfx-smoke to linux expected failure list.
* Try fix test.
---------
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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By default, function parameters in HLSL are mutable, but any changes to a parameter do not affect the values of the arguments after a call:
void f(int a)
{
a++; // allowed, but kind of useless
}
...
int b = 0;
f(b);
// b is still zero
Because the above behavior is a part of HLSL, we cannot easily diagnose such cases as errors without breaking backward compatibility with existing code.
This change makes it an error to invoke a `[mutating]` method on a function parameter, which cannot affect backward compatibility since the notion of `[mutating]` methods is not present in existing HLSL code:
struct Counter
{
int _state;
[mutating] void increment() { _state++; }
}
void f(Counter a)
{
a.increment(); // ERROR
}
...
Counter b = { 0 };
f(b);
// b is still zero
The compiler will also diagnose calls to `[mutating]` methods on a field or array element extracted out of a function parameter.
This change does not affect code that directly mutates a function parameter via assignment, or via passing the parameter onward as an argument to an `out` or `inout` call (or, equivalently, as the left-hand operand to a compound assignment operator).
This is a breaking change to existing Slang code, since it could diagnose an error on code that used to be allowed.
Indeed, two tests in the Slang test suite had to be updated to avoid such errors.
It would be possible to turn this diagnostic into a warning, and simply encourage users to enable it as an error.
On balance, though, it seems best to not allow this idiom since it has such a high probability to be an error.
Note: the specific case that motivated this change is use of `RayQuery` values as function parameters.
The root of the problem there is that dxc treats `RayQuery` values as copyable handles to mutable state, while Slang prefers to capture the mutation that occurs through marking the appropriate methods as `[mutating]`.
The Slang approach makes portable codegen for D3D/Vulkan simpler, but requires that we *also* treat a type like `RayQuery` as non-copyable.
This change does not address the problem that the Slang compiler does not enforce the requirement that values of non-copyable types do not get copied.
Instead, the diagnostic here just happens to issue a diagnostic in one important case where a copy would typically occur.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>
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* Redesign DeclRef + Deduplicate Val.
* Update project files
* Fix warning.
* Fix.
* Fix.
* Remove `Val::_equalsImplOverride`.
* Rmove `Val::_getHashCodeOverride`.
* Remove `semanticVisitor` param from `resolve`.
* Cleanups.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Add `sampleCount` parameter for MS textures.
* Fix test.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Simplify lookup.
* Various bug fixes.
* Report type dictionary size in perf benchmark.
* Remove type duplication.
* increase initial dict size.
* Bug fix.
* Fix bugs.
* Fixup.
* Revert type legalization looping.
* Fix specialization pass.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Create and cache flattened inheritance lists
The basic change here is to have a cached lookup that can map a `Type`,
or a `DeclRef` that might refer to a type or `extension`, to a list of
the *facets* that comprise it.
The notion of a *facet* here is similar to what the C++ standard calls
"sub-objects".
A declared type like a `struct` has:
* a facet for its own direct members
* one facet for each of its (transitive) base `struct` types
* one facet for each `interface` it conforms to
* one facet for each `extension` that applies to that type
The set of facets for a type is de-duplicated (so that "diamond"
inheritance patterns don't cause issues) and deterministically ordered,
using a variation of the C3 linearization algorithm.
The creation of a linearized list of facets should help the compiler
implementation in two key places:
* Testing if a type implements an interface (or inherits from a base
type) should now only take time linear in the number of (transitive)
bases of that type. We can simply scan the linearized facet list to
see if it contains a facet corresponding to the given base.
* Looking up the members of a type (or a value of a given type) should
be greatly simplified, since all of the members can be found in a
single linear scan of the facet list. In addition, those facets will
be ordered so that facets for "more derived" types will precede those
for "less derived" types, so that shadowing in the case of overrides
should be easier to implement.
This change only implements the first of these two improvements, since
there is already a *lot* of churn involved.
Notes and caveats:
* The handling of conjunction types (e.g., `IFoo & IBar`) complicates
the implementation, both because the simple approach to subtype
testing alluded to above is no longer complete, and also because
we need to be more careful about what forms of subtype witnesses
we construct, so that we can maintain the currently-required invariant
that two witnesses are only equal if they have matching structure.
* We don't implement the full/"proper" C3 algorithm here because it has
some failure cases that we'd still like to support. In particular if
we have both `IX : IA, IB` and `IY : IB, IA`, the C3 algorithm says it
is illegal to have `IZ : IX, IY` because the two bases it inherits
from disagree on the relative ordering of `IA` and `IB` in their
own linearizations. Handling such cases may make our implementation
less efficient, and it will also require testing of those corner
caes.
* When it comes time to revamp the implementation of lookup, we will
need to deal with the fact that a single linear list (seemingly)
cannot give us sufficient information to decide which of two members
of the same name should shadow the other, or if there is an ambiguity.
Or rather, it *can* give us that information if we are willing to
accept some very user-unfriendly behavior and simply say that
declarations earlier in the linearization always shadow later
declarations, even if the facets involved are not related by an
inheritance relationship of any kind.
* In order to remove one kind of vicious circularity from the approach,
the linearization that we are computing for `extension` declarations
will not be sufficient for lookups in the body of such an `extension`.
A future change may need to have support for creating and caching
two distinct linearizations for each `extension`: one that is to be
used when that `extension` is pulled into the linearization for a
type that it applies to, and another for when lookup will be performed
in the context of the `extension` itself.
* This change does *not* include the simple expedient of adding a direct
cache for subtype tests to the `SharedSemanticsContext`, although
adding such a cache would be a simple matter.
* This change introduces more deduplication for subtype witnesses,
which should enable more deduplication for other `Val`s (including
`Type`s), but it does not introduce any assumptions that equal
`Val`s or `Type`s must have identical pointer representations.
* Eventually we may find that, similar to the situation with `Type`s,
we will want to have a split between surface-level and canonicalized
versions of other `Val`s, including subtype witnesses.
* Fix clang error.
* remove debugging code.
---------
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>
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* Make DeclRefBase a Val, and DeclRef<T> a helper class.
* Fixes.
* Workaround gcc parser issue.
* Revert NodeOperand change.
* Fix.
* Fix clang incomplete class complains.
* Fix code review.
* Small cleanups and improvements.
---------
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Bottleneck DeclRef creation through ASTBuilder.
* Fix clang error.
* Fix.
* Fix.
* More fix.
* Rebase on top of tree.
---------
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Fix type checking crash in language server.
* Fix loop var hoisting logic.
Fixes #2903.
* fix.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Fusion pass for saturated_cooperation
* simplify assert
* regenerate vs projects
* missing test output files
* rename shadowing variable to appease msvc
* Fuse calls to sat_coop with differing inputs
* formatting
* add cpu test for hof simple
* Make higher-order functions into compute comparison tests
* comment tests
* remove redundant test
* Add test to confirm inlining in sat_coop fuse
* Add clarifying comment for sat coop fusing
* Add KnownBuiltin decoration
* s/CanUseFuncSignature/TypesFullyResolved for higher order function checking
* Add TODO
* spelling
* Correct detection of sat_coop calls
* Disable tests which are unsupported on testing infra
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* MVP for higher order functions
* Add shader subgroup partitioned glsl intrinsics
* Implement parsing and checking for tuple types
Currently there is no way to do anything useful with them from the source language however
* neaten
* Correct precedence of function type parsing
* neaten
* higher order function tests
* function types of any arity
* Inference for higher order functions
* Add second test for unsynchronized params
* regenerate vs projects
* dx11 -> dx12 for saturated cooperations tests
* Disable saturated cooperation tests on vulkan
They fail on release builds in CI, not essential for the higher order function work however
* remove saturated-cooperation tests
* Remove unnecessary assert and clarify control flow in AddDeclRefOverloadCandidates
* Add Tuple type name mangling
* Use functype keyword to introduce function types
* Add more inference tests for hof
---------
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>
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* #include an absolute path didn't work - because paths were taken to always be relative.
* WIP lowerCamel Dictionary.
* WIP more lowerCamel fixes for Dictionary.
* Add/Remove/Clear
* GetValue/Contains
* Fix tabs in dictionary.
Count -> getCount
* Fix fields with caps.
* Key -> key
Value -> value
Use m_ for members where appropriate.
Use lowerCamel in linked list.
* Some small fixes/improvements to Dictionary.
* Kick CI.
* Small tidy on String.
* Append -> append
* ToString -> toString
ProduceString -> produceString
* Small fixes.
* StringToXXX -> stringToXXX
* Fix typo introduced by Append -> append.
* Made intToAscii do reversal at the end.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>
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* #include an absolute path didn't work - because paths were taken to always be relative.
* WIP lowerCamel Dictionary.
* WIP more lowerCamel fixes for Dictionary.
* Add/Remove/Clear
* GetValue/Contains
* Fix tabs in dictionary.
Count -> getCount
* Fix fields with caps.
* Key -> key
Value -> value
Use m_ for members where appropriate.
Use lowerCamel in linked list.
* Some small fixes/improvements to Dictionary.
* Kick CI.
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* Warn on float-to-double coercion for arguments.
* Fix test.
* Rename.
* Fixup.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Add support for `[PrimalSubstitute]` and `[PrimalSubstituteOf]`.
* Fix
* Fix.
* Cleanup.
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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`[*DerivativeOf]` attribs. (#2688)
* Reuse higher-order `ResolveInvoke` logic to resolve func refs in [*DerivativeOf] attribs.
* Add diff implementation matrix versions of binary and ternary intrinsics.
* Add diff impl for legacy intrinsics.
* Fix diagnostics of using non-differentiable function in a diff operator.
* Add diff implementation for `determinant`.
---------
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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ExtractExitentialValueExpr. (#2541)
* Fix missing semantic highlighting in attributes and ExtractExitentialValueExpr.
* Fix regression on partially specialized generic expr highlighting.
* Add regression test.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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argument. (#2536)
* Fix non-static generic func call issue.
* Add test case.
* Revert unnecessary change.
* Update test comment.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Fix issues around dynamic generic function and autodiff.
* Fix return type issue.
* Fix type unification for generic `inout` parameter.
* Fix.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Clean up type checking of higher order expressions.
* Replace `goto` with `break` to pacify clang.
* Fix.
* Fixes.
* Fix more tests.
* Fix lowerWitnessTable parameter error.
* Exclude attributes from ast printing.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Initial plumbing of backward autodiff in the frontend.
* More plumbing.
* Initial reverse autodiff working.
* Bug fixes.
* Misc.
* Remove redundant code.
* More clean up.
* Misc.
* Rebase and add backward diff test.
* Disable test.
* Clean up.
* Minor fix.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Modified the new type system to support generic differentiable types and added support for differentiating overloaded functions.
* Changed a few asserts to release asserts to avoid unreferenced variable errors
* Fixed a naming issue with TypeWitnessBreadcumb::Flavor::Decl
* Added logic to avoid tracking differentiable types if the module does not use auto-diff or define differentiable types.
* Moved the auto-diff passes to after the specialization step, added a more complex generics test
* Added a generics stress test and fixed AST-side logic. IR side needs some more work
* Added differential getter and setter logic, fixed multiple issues with DifferentiableTypeDictionary, added support for loops and conditions
* Changed differential getters to use pointer types, added getter type checking
* Fixed some bugs related to diff type registration and differential getters
* Removed some superfluous code
* Removed some more unused code.
* Fixed an issue with witness substitution
* Minor fix
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>
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* Fix regression in check-overload.
* Make sure language server supports partiallyAppliedGenericExpr.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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A commonly requested feature is to be able to supply only some
of the arguments to a generic explicitly, while allowing the rest
to be inferred. A common example is a function that performs some
kind of conversion:
To convert<To, From>( From fromValue ) { .... }
A user would like to be able to call this operation like:
int i = convert<int>( 1.0f );
but the current Slang type checker requires all or none of the generic
arguments be supplied. Supplying all of the arguments is tedious:
int i = convert<int, float>( 1.0f );
In this case, the `float` type argument is redundant and could be
inferred from context. However, if the user tries to omit the generic
argument list:
int i = convert( 1.0f );
The current type-checker cannot infer the `int` type argument (even if
one might claim it *should* infer based on the desired result type).
This change adds support for the `convert<int>(...)` case, by allowing
a generic to be applied to a prefix of its explicit arguments, and then
inferring the remaining arguments from contextual information when that
"partially applied" generic is applied to value-level arguments.
Most of the changes are just plumbing: adding the notion of a partially
applied generic and then supporting them during overload resolution.
A single test case is included that covers the `convert`-style use case.
It is likely that more testing is needed to cover failure modes of this
feature.
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* wip: dedup AST type nodes and cache lookup.
* Fix.
* Remove profiling.
* Fixes.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Warning on bool to float conversion.
* Fix test cases.
* Improve.
* LanguageServer: don't show constant value for non constant variables.
* Fix tests.
* Fix warnings in tests.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Add gfx interface definition in Slang.
- add gfx interface definitons in Slang.
- fix slang compiler to correctly type-check `out` interface argument.
- modify gfx interface to be fully COM compatible
- add convenient ShaderProgram creation methods to gfx.
* Fix compile errors and warnings.
* Update project files
* Fix cuda.
* Properly implement queryInterface in command encoder impls.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Implicit pointer dereference when using member operator.
* Add expected test result
* Fix lookup.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Allow `class` to implement COM interface, [DLLExport]
* Fix [COM] usage in tests and examples with UUIDs.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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* Support `class` types.
* Ignore class-keyword test
* Fix codereview comments and warnings.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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framework for passes to process them. (#2297)
* Added a decorator to mark functions for forward-mode differentiation
* Fill out support for calls to non-decl values
The existing compiler logic has a few places (semantic checking plus AST-to-IR lowering) where it assumes that function calls (`InvokeExpr`) are only ever made to expressions that resolve to a specific `Decl` (`DeclRefExpr`). This assumption allows semantic checking and lowering code to inspect things like the parameter list of an actual declaration, rather than just the type signature of the callee, and that infrastructure is used to support various features (e.g., default argument values on parameters).
The AST and IR representations themselves have no matching requirement, and the places where the more general case of call expressions would need to be supported were relatively clear in the code. This change attempts to add suitable logic into each of those places.
Note that this change does *not* surface any valid way to form input code that would cause these new code paths to be executed, so it is entirely possible that there are bugs in the logic as written here. The primary goal of this change is simply to get a sketch of the correct code checked in so that we have something to build on once we have language features that will require this support.
* fixup: warnings-as-errors
* Added parser logic for '__jvp(<fn-name>)' operator
* Fixed issue with missing overload candidate item and added basic parsing test for the __jvp syntax
* Added a blank JVP Auto-diff pass and a pass that replaces 'JVPDerivativeOf' calls with the differentiated function
* Added a couple comments
* Added parameter handling for the JVP pass
Co-authored-by: Theresa Foley <tfoley@nvidia.com>
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* Major language server features.
* Include slangd in binary release.
* Fix compiler issues.
* Fix compiler error.
* Completion resolve.
* Various improvements.
* Update diagnostic test expected output.
* Bug fix for source locations.
* Adjust diagnostic update frequency.
* Update github actions to store artifacts.
* Fix infinite parser loop.
* Fix parser recovery.
* Fix parser recovery.
* Update test.
* Fix test.
* Disable IR gen for language server.
* Allow commit characters in auto completion.
* Fix lookup for invoke exprs.
* More parser robustness fixes.
* update solution file
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yhe@nvidia.com>
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An earlier refactoring pass over the compiler codebase split the
type that had been called `CompileRequest` into three distinct
pieces:
* `FrontEndCompileRequest` which was supposed to own state and
options related to running the compiler front end and producing
IR + reflection (e.g., what translation units and source
files/strings are included).
* `BackEndCompileRequest` which was supposed to own state and options
related to running the compiler back end to translate the IR
for a `ComponentType` (program) into output code. (Note that the
`BackEndCompileRequest` was conceived of as orthogonal to the
`TargetRequest`s, which store per-target and target-specific
options.)
* `EndToEndCompileRequest` which was an umbrella object that owns
separate front-end and back-end requests, plus any state that is
only relevant when doing a true end-to-end compile (such as the
kinds of compiles initiated with `slangc`). As originally conceived,
the only state that this type was supposed to own was stuff related
to "pass-through" compilation, as well as state related to writing
of generated code to output files.
That refactoring work was very useful at the time, because it allowed
us to "scrub" the back end compilation steps to remove all
dependencies on front-end and AST state (this was important for our
goals of enabling linking and codegen from serialized Slang IR).
At this point, however, it is clear that the hierarchy that was built
up serves very little purpose:
* The `BackEndCompileRequest` type is only used in two places:
* As part of an `EndToEndCompileRequest`, where the settings on
the `BackEndCompileRequest` can be configured, but only through
the `EndToEndCompileRequest`
* As part of on-demand code generation through the `IComponentType`
APIs. In this case, the settings stored on the
`BackEndCompileRequest` are not accessible to the application
at all, and will always use their default values, so that
instantiating a "request" object doesn't really make any sense.
* The `FrontEndCompileRequest` type has a similar situation:
* Front-end compilation as part of an `EndToEndCompileRequest`
supports user configuration of `FrontEndCompileRequest` settings,
but only through the `EndToEndCompileRequest`
* Front-end compilation triggered by an `import` or a `loadModule()`
call does not support user configuration of settings at all. It
will always derive all relevant settings from thsoe on the
session ("linkage").
In addition, subsequent changes have been made to the compiler that
show a bit of a "code smell" and/or forward-looking worries for this
decomposition:
* In some cases we've had to add the same setting to multiple types
in the breakdown (front-end, back-end, end-to-end, linkage, target,
etc.) which makes it harder for us to validate that all the possible
mixtures of state work correctly.
* Related to the above, in some cases we have manual logic that copies
state from one of the objects in the breakdown to another, in order
to ensure that the user's intention is actually followed.
* As a forward-looking concern, it seems that developers have sometimes
added new configuration options and state to places that don't really
make sense according to the rationale of the original decomposition
(e.g., we probably don't want to have a lot of state that is only
available via end-to-end requests, given that the API structure is
meant to push users *away* from end-to-end compiles).
As a result of all of the above, I've been planning a large refactor
with the following big-picture goals:
* Eliminate `BackEndCompileRequest`
* Move all relevant state/options from the back-end request to
the end-to-end request, since that is the only place they could
be set anyway.
* Introduce a transient "context" type to be used for the duration
of code generation that serves the main functions that back-end
requests really served in the codebase
* Make `EndToEndCompileRequest` be a subclass of
`FrontEndCompileRequest`
* Consider addding a transient "context" type for front-end
compiles that can be used in `import`-like cases rather than
needing a full front-end request object. If this works, then
eliminate `FrontEndCompileRequest` and be back to world with
just a single `CompileRequest` type
* Move *all* compiler configuration options to a distinct type (named
something like `CompilerConfig` or `CompilerOptions` or whatever)
which stores setting as key-value pairs, and has a notion of
"inheritance" such that one configuration can extend or build on top
of another. Make all the relevant types use this catch-all structure
instead of redundantly storing flags in many places.
This change deals with the first of those bullets: removeal of
`BackEndCompileRequest`. The addition of the `CodeGenContext` type is
perhaps an unncessary additional step, but making that change helps
clean up a bunch of the code related to per-target code generation,
so I think it is the right choice.
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>
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This change originally started with the simple goal of allowing generic functions with default argument values on their parameters to work:
```
void someFunction<T>(T value, int optional = 0);
```
The core problem there was that the compiler code was (correctly) anticipate the case where the default argument value for a parameter depends on a generic parameter, such as:
```
interface IDefaultable { static This getDefault(); }
void anotherFunction<T : IDefaultable>(T first, T second = T.getDefault());
```
Supporting this latter case requires some kind of ability to apply subsitutions to an `Expr`, but our compiler logic simply errored out in that case. The first major fix that went into this change was to add a new `SubstExpr<T>` type that behaves a lot like `DeclRef<T>` in that it stores a `T*` plus a set of substititions that need to be applied to it.
In addition, it was found that even if `anotherFunction<ConcreteType>(...)` might work, when generic argument inference was used for just `anotherFunction(...)` would fail because it includes a strict match on the number of arguments/parameters in the call expression.
The next problem that arose was that the test I'd created used an interace with an `__init` requirement, and it appeared that our code generation didn't work for that case:
```
interface IStuff { __init(int val); }
void f<T : IStuff>(T x = T(0));
```
In this case, the `T(0)` initialization would get compiled to `(ConcreteType) 0` in the output rather than calling the function generated for the `__init` inside `ConcreteType`. The basic problem there was a bit of crufty old logic we have in place to work around the large number of `__init` declarations in the stdlib that don't have proper `__intrinsic_op` modifiers on them. We really need to fix the underlying problem there, but I worked around it by having the IR lowering pass only do its workaround magic on stdlib declarations.
The next problem down this line was that my test had two different `__init` declarations in the concrete type and the logic for checking interface conformance was picking the wrong one to satisfying an interface requirement despite it being obviously wrong (not even the right number of parameter).
This last problem led me down the rabbit-hole of trying to actually get our semantic checking for interface requirements right. There were a few pieces to that work:
* Actually checking that the parameter and result types for two callables match is the simple part. If that was all that would be required we would have implement this logic a long time ago.
* Next we have to deal with functions that make use of the `This` type, associated types, etc. We have to know that when the interface uses `This`, we want to treat that as equivalent to `ConcreteType`, and similarly for associated types. Getting that working is mostly a matter of setting up a this-type subsitution for the interface member being checked.
* Finally, when comparing generic declarations like `IBase::doThing<T>` and `Derived::doThing<U>` we need to deal with the way that `T` and `U` represent the "same" logical type parameter, but are distinct `Decl`s. This is handled by specializing the base declaration to the parameters of the derived one (e.g., forming `IBase::doThing<U>` using the `U` from `Derived::doThing`).
The result seems to be passing our tests, but there are still a few gotchas lurking, I'm sure.
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