path: root/examples/ray-tracing-pipeline/main.cpp

// main.cpp

// This file implements an example of hardware ray-tracing using
// Slang shaders and the `gfx` graphics API.

#include <slang.h>
#include "slang-gfx.h"
#include "gfx-util/shader-cursor.h"
#include "tools/platform/window.h"
#include "tools/platform/vector-math.h"
#include "slang-com-ptr.h"
#include "source/core/slang-basic.h"
#include "examples/example-base/example-base.h"

using namespace gfx;
using namespace Slang;

struct Uniforms
{
    float screenWidth, screenHeight;
    float focalLength = 24.0f, frameHeight = 24.0f;
    float cameraDir[4];
    float cameraUp[4];
    float cameraRight[4];
    float cameraPosition[4];
    float lightDir[4];
};

struct Vertex
{
    float position[3];
};

// Define geometry data for our test scene.
// The scene contains a floor plane, and a cube placed on top of it at the center.
static const int kVertexCount = 24;
static const Vertex kVertexData[kVertexCount] =
{
    // Floor plane
    {{-100.0f, 0, 100.0f}},
    {{100.0f, 0, 100.0f}},
    {{100.0f, 0, -100.0f}},
    {{-100.0f, 0, -100.0f}},
    // Cube face (+y).
    {{-1.0f, 2.0, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 2.0, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 2.0, -1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 2.0, -1.0f}},
    // Cube face (+z).
    {{-1.0f, 0.0, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 0.0, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 2.0, 1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 2.0, 1.0f}},
    // Cube face (-z).
    {{-1.0f, 0.0, -1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 2.0, -1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 2.0, -1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 0.0, -1.0f}},
    // Cube face (-x).
    {{-1.0f, 0.0, -1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 0.0, 1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 2.0, 1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 2.0, -1.0f}},
    // Cube face (+x).
    {{1.0f, 2.0, -1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 2.0, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 0.0, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 0.0, -1.0f}},
};
static const int kIndexCount = 36;
static const int kIndexData[kIndexCount] =
{
    0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3,
    4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7,
    8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11,
    12, 13, 14, 12, 14, 15,
    16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19,
    20, 21, 22, 20, 22, 23
};

struct Primitive
{
    float data[4];
    float color[4];
};
static const int kPrimitiveCount = 12;
static const Primitive kPrimitiveData[kPrimitiveCount] =
{
    {{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.75f, 0.8f, 0.85f, 1.0f}},
    {{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.75f, 0.8f, 0.85f, 1.0f}},
    {{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
    {{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.95f, 0.85f, 0.05f, 1.0f}},
};


// We need to use a rasterization pipeline to copy the ray-traced image
// to the swapchain. To do so we need to render a full-screen triangle.
// We will define a small helper type that defines the data for such a triangle.
//
struct FullScreenTriangle
{
    struct Vertex
    {
        float position[2];
    };

    enum
    {
        kVertexCount = 3
    };

    static const Vertex kVertices[kVertexCount];
};
const FullScreenTriangle::Vertex FullScreenTriangle::kVertices[FullScreenTriangle::kVertexCount] = {
    {{-1, -1}},
    {{-1, 3}},
    {{3, -1}},
};

// The example application will be implemented as a `struct`, so that
// we can scope the resources it allocates without using global variables.
//
struct RayTracing : public WindowedAppBase
{


Uniforms gUniforms = {};


// Many Slang API functions return detailed diagnostic information
// (error messages, warnings, etc.) as a "blob" of data, or return
// a null blob pointer instead if there were no issues.
//
// For convenience, we define a subroutine that will dump the information
// in a diagnostic blob if one is produced, and skip it otherwise.
//
void diagnoseIfNeeded(slang::IBlob* diagnosticsBlob)
{
    if( diagnosticsBlob != nullptr )
    {
        printf("%s", (const char*) diagnosticsBlob->getBufferPointer());
#ifdef _WIN32
        _Win32OutputDebugString((const char*)diagnosticsBlob->getBufferPointer());
#endif
    }
}

// Load and compile shader code from souce.
gfx::Result loadShaderProgram(
    gfx::IDevice* device, bool isRayTracingPipeline, gfx::IShaderProgram** outProgram)
{
    ComPtr<slang::ISession> slangSession;
    slangSession = device->getSlangSession();

    ComPtr<slang::IBlob> diagnosticsBlob;
    slang::IModule* module = slangSession->loadModule("shaders", diagnosticsBlob.writeRef());
    diagnoseIfNeeded(diagnosticsBlob);
    if(!module)
        return SLANG_FAIL;

    Slang::List<slang::IComponentType*> componentTypes;
    componentTypes.add(module);
    if (isRayTracingPipeline)
    {
        ComPtr<slang::IEntryPoint> entryPoint;
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(module->findEntryPointByName("rayGenShader", entryPoint.writeRef()));
        componentTypes.add(entryPoint);
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(module->findEntryPointByName("missShader", entryPoint.writeRef()));
        componentTypes.add(entryPoint);
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
            module->findEntryPointByName("closestHitShader", entryPoint.writeRef()));
        componentTypes.add(entryPoint);
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
            module->findEntryPointByName("shadowRayHitShader", entryPoint.writeRef()));
        componentTypes.add(entryPoint);
    }
    else
    {
        ComPtr<slang::IEntryPoint> entryPoint;
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(module->findEntryPointByName("vertexMain", entryPoint.writeRef()));
        componentTypes.add(entryPoint);
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(module->findEntryPointByName("fragmentMain", entryPoint.writeRef()));
        componentTypes.add(entryPoint);
    }

    ComPtr<slang::IComponentType> linkedProgram;
    SlangResult result = slangSession->createCompositeComponentType(
        componentTypes.getBuffer(),
        componentTypes.getCount(),
        linkedProgram.writeRef(),
        diagnosticsBlob.writeRef());
    diagnoseIfNeeded(diagnosticsBlob);
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(result);

    gfx::IShaderProgram::Desc programDesc = {};
    programDesc.slangProgram = linkedProgram;
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(device->createProgram(programDesc, outProgram));

    return SLANG_OK;
}

ComPtr<gfx::IPipelineState> gPresentPipelineState;
ComPtr<gfx::IPipelineState> gRenderPipelineState;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gFullScreenVertexBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gVertexBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gIndexBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gPrimitiveBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gTransformBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IResourceView> gPrimitiveBufferSRV;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gInstanceBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gBLASBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IAccelerationStructure> gBLAS;
ComPtr<gfx::IBufferResource> gTLASBuffer;
ComPtr<gfx::IAccelerationStructure> gTLAS;
ComPtr<gfx::ITextureResource> gResultTexture;
ComPtr<gfx::IResourceView> gResultTextureUAV;

uint64_t lastTime = 0;

// glm::vec3 lightDir = normalize(glm::vec3(10, 10, 10));
// glm::vec3 lightColor = glm::vec3(1, 1, 1);

glm::vec3 cameraPosition = glm::vec3(-2.53f, 2.72f, 4.3f);
float cameraOrientationAngles[2] = {-0.475f, -0.35f}; // Spherical angles (theta, phi).

float translationScale = 0.5f;
float rotationScale = 0.01f;

// In order to control camera movement, we will
// use good old WASD
bool wPressed = false;
bool aPressed = false;
bool sPressed = false;
bool dPressed = false;

bool isMouseDown = false;
float lastMouseX = 0.0f;
float lastMouseY = 0.0f;

void setKeyState(platform::KeyCode key, bool state)
{
    switch (key)
    {
    default:
        break;
    case platform::KeyCode::W:
        wPressed = state;
        break;
    case platform::KeyCode::A:
        aPressed = state;
        break;
    case platform::KeyCode::S:
        sPressed = state;
        break;
    case platform::KeyCode::D:
        dPressed = state;
        break;
    }
}
void onKeyDown(platform::KeyEventArgs args) { setKeyState(args.key, true); }
void onKeyUp(platform::KeyEventArgs args) { setKeyState(args.key, false); }

void onMouseDown(platform::MouseEventArgs args)
{
    isMouseDown = true;
    lastMouseX = (float)args.x;
    lastMouseY = (float)args.y;
}

void onMouseMove(platform::MouseEventArgs args)
{
    if (isMouseDown)
    {
        float deltaX = args.x - lastMouseX;
        float deltaY = args.y - lastMouseY;

        cameraOrientationAngles[0] += -deltaX * rotationScale;
        cameraOrientationAngles[1] += -deltaY * rotationScale;
        lastMouseX = (float)args.x;
        lastMouseY = (float)args.y;
    }
}
void onMouseUp(platform::MouseEventArgs args) { isMouseDown = false; }

Slang::Result initialize()
{
    initializeBase("Ray Tracing Pipeline", 1024, 768);
    gWindow->events.mouseMove = [this](const platform::MouseEventArgs& e) { onMouseMove(e); };
    gWindow->events.mouseUp = [this](const platform::MouseEventArgs& e) { onMouseUp(e); };
    gWindow->events.mouseDown = [this](const platform::MouseEventArgs& e) { onMouseDown(e); };
    gWindow->events.keyDown = [this](const platform::KeyEventArgs& e) { onKeyDown(e); };
    gWindow->events.keyUp = [this](const platform::KeyEventArgs& e) { onKeyUp(e); };

    IBufferResource::Desc vertexBufferDesc;
    vertexBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
    vertexBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = kVertexCount * sizeof(Vertex);
    vertexBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::ShaderResource;
    gVertexBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(vertexBufferDesc, &kVertexData[0]);
    if(!gVertexBuffer) return SLANG_FAIL;

    IBufferResource::Desc indexBufferDesc;
    indexBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
    indexBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = kIndexCount * sizeof(int32_t);
    indexBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::ShaderResource;
    gIndexBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(indexBufferDesc, &kIndexData[0]);
    if (!gIndexBuffer)
        return SLANG_FAIL;

    IBufferResource::Desc primitiveBufferDesc;
    primitiveBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
    primitiveBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = kPrimitiveCount * sizeof(Primitive);
    primitiveBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::ShaderResource;
    gPrimitiveBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(primitiveBufferDesc, &kPrimitiveData[0]);
    if (!gPrimitiveBuffer)
        return SLANG_FAIL;

    IResourceView::Desc primitiveSRVDesc = {};
    primitiveSRVDesc.format = Format::Unknown;
    primitiveSRVDesc.type = IResourceView::Type::ShaderResource;
    primitiveSRVDesc.bufferElementSize = sizeof(Primitive);
    gPrimitiveBufferSRV = gDevice->createBufferView(gPrimitiveBuffer, primitiveSRVDesc);

    IBufferResource::Desc transformBufferDesc;
    transformBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
    transformBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = sizeof(float) * 12;
    transformBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::ShaderResource;
    float transformData[12] = {
        1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f};
    gTransformBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(transformBufferDesc, &transformData);
    if (!gTransformBuffer)
        return SLANG_FAIL;
    // Build bottom level acceleration structure.
    {
        IAccelerationStructure::BuildInputs accelerationStructureBuildInputs;
        IAccelerationStructure::PrebuildInfo accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo;
        accelerationStructureBuildInputs.descCount = 1;
        accelerationStructureBuildInputs.kind = IAccelerationStructure::Kind::BottomLevel;
        accelerationStructureBuildInputs.flags =
            IAccelerationStructure::BuildFlags::AllowCompaction;
        IAccelerationStructure::GeometryDesc geomDesc;
        geomDesc.flags = IAccelerationStructure::GeometryFlags::Opaque;
        geomDesc.type = IAccelerationStructure::GeometryType::Triangles;
        geomDesc.content.triangles.indexCount = kIndexCount;
        geomDesc.content.triangles.indexData = gIndexBuffer->getDeviceAddress();
        geomDesc.content.triangles.indexFormat = Format::R32_UINT;
        geomDesc.content.triangles.vertexCount = kVertexCount;
        geomDesc.content.triangles.vertexData = gVertexBuffer->getDeviceAddress();
        geomDesc.content.triangles.vertexFormat = Format::R32G32B32_FLOAT;
        geomDesc.content.triangles.vertexStride = sizeof(Vertex);
        geomDesc.content.triangles.transform3x4 = gTransformBuffer->getDeviceAddress();
        accelerationStructureBuildInputs.geometryDescs = &geomDesc;

        // Query buffer size for acceleration structure build.
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(gDevice->getAccelerationStructurePrebuildInfo(
            accelerationStructureBuildInputs, &accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo));
        // Allocate buffers for acceleration structure.
        IBufferResource::Desc asDraftBufferDesc;
        asDraftBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
        asDraftBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::AccelerationStructure;
        asDraftBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = (size_t)accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo.resultDataMaxSize;
        ComPtr<IBufferResource> draftBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(asDraftBufferDesc);
        IBufferResource::Desc scratchBufferDesc;
        scratchBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
        scratchBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::UnorderedAccess;
        scratchBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = (size_t)accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo.scratchDataSize;
        ComPtr<IBufferResource> scratchBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(scratchBufferDesc);

        // Build acceleration structure.
        ComPtr<IQueryPool> compactedSizeQuery;
        IQueryPool::Desc queryPoolDesc;
        queryPoolDesc.count = 1;
        queryPoolDesc.type = QueryType::AccelerationStructureCompactedSize;
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
            gDevice->createQueryPool(queryPoolDesc, compactedSizeQuery.writeRef()));

        ComPtr<IAccelerationStructure> draftAS;
        IAccelerationStructure::CreateDesc draftCreateDesc;
        draftCreateDesc.buffer = draftBuffer;
        draftCreateDesc.kind = IAccelerationStructure::Kind::BottomLevel;
        draftCreateDesc.offset = 0;
        draftCreateDesc.size = accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo.resultDataMaxSize;
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
            gDevice->createAccelerationStructure(draftCreateDesc, draftAS.writeRef()));

        compactedSizeQuery->reset();

        auto commandBuffer = gTransientHeaps[0]->createCommandBuffer();
        auto encoder = commandBuffer->encodeRayTracingCommands();
        IAccelerationStructure::BuildDesc buildDesc = {};
        buildDesc.dest = draftAS;
        buildDesc.inputs = accelerationStructureBuildInputs;
        buildDesc.scratchData = scratchBuffer->getDeviceAddress();
        AccelerationStructureQueryDesc compactedSizeQueryDesc = {};
        compactedSizeQueryDesc.queryPool = compactedSizeQuery;
        compactedSizeQueryDesc.queryType = QueryType::AccelerationStructureCompactedSize;
        encoder->buildAccelerationStructure(buildDesc, 1, &compactedSizeQueryDesc);
        encoder->endEncoding();
        commandBuffer->close();
        gQueue->executeCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
        gQueue->waitOnHost();

        uint64_t compactedSize = 0;
        compactedSizeQuery->getResult(0, 1, &compactedSize);
        IBufferResource::Desc asBufferDesc;
        asBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
        asBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::AccelerationStructure;
        asBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = (size_t)compactedSize;
        gBLASBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(asBufferDesc);
        IAccelerationStructure::CreateDesc createDesc;
        createDesc.buffer = gBLASBuffer;
        createDesc.kind = IAccelerationStructure::Kind::BottomLevel;
        createDesc.offset = 0;
        createDesc.size = (size_t)compactedSize;
        gDevice->createAccelerationStructure(createDesc, gBLAS.writeRef());

        commandBuffer = gTransientHeaps[0]->createCommandBuffer();
        encoder = commandBuffer->encodeRayTracingCommands();
        encoder->copyAccelerationStructure(gBLAS, draftAS, AccelerationStructureCopyMode::Compact);
        encoder->endEncoding();
        commandBuffer->close();
        gQueue->executeCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
        gQueue->waitOnHost();
    }

    // Build top level acceleration structure.
    {
        List<IAccelerationStructure::InstanceDesc> instanceDescs;
        instanceDescs.setCount(1);
        instanceDescs[0].accelerationStructure = gBLAS->getDeviceAddress();
        instanceDescs[0].flags =
            IAccelerationStructure::GeometryInstanceFlags::TriangleFacingCullDisable;
        instanceDescs[0].instanceContributionToHitGroupIndex = 0;
        instanceDescs[0].instanceID = 0;
        instanceDescs[0].instanceMask = 0xFF;
        float transformMatrix[] = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f};
        memcpy(&instanceDescs[0].transform[0][0], transformMatrix, sizeof(float) * 12);

        IBufferResource::Desc instanceBufferDesc;
        instanceBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
        instanceBufferDesc.sizeInBytes =
            instanceDescs.getCount() * sizeof(IAccelerationStructure::InstanceDesc);
        instanceBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::ShaderResource;
        gInstanceBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(instanceBufferDesc, instanceDescs.getBuffer());
        if (!gInstanceBuffer)
            return SLANG_FAIL;

        IAccelerationStructure::BuildInputs accelerationStructureBuildInputs = {};
        IAccelerationStructure::PrebuildInfo accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo = {};
        accelerationStructureBuildInputs.descCount = 1;
        accelerationStructureBuildInputs.kind = IAccelerationStructure::Kind::TopLevel;
        accelerationStructureBuildInputs.instanceDescs = gInstanceBuffer->getDeviceAddress();
        
        // Query buffer size for acceleration structure build.
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(gDevice->getAccelerationStructurePrebuildInfo(
            accelerationStructureBuildInputs, &accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo));

        IBufferResource::Desc asBufferDesc;
        asBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
        asBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::AccelerationStructure;
        asBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = (size_t)accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo.resultDataMaxSize;
        gTLASBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(asBufferDesc);

        IBufferResource::Desc scratchBufferDesc;
        scratchBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
        scratchBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::UnorderedAccess;
        scratchBufferDesc.sizeInBytes = (size_t)accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo.scratchDataSize;
        ComPtr<IBufferResource> scratchBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(scratchBufferDesc);

        IAccelerationStructure::CreateDesc createDesc;
        createDesc.buffer = gTLASBuffer;
        createDesc.kind = IAccelerationStructure::Kind::TopLevel;
        createDesc.offset = 0;
        createDesc.size = (size_t)accelerationStructurePrebuildInfo.resultDataMaxSize;
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(gDevice->createAccelerationStructure(createDesc, gTLAS.writeRef()));

        auto commandBuffer = gTransientHeaps[0]->createCommandBuffer();
        auto encoder = commandBuffer->encodeRayTracingCommands();
        IAccelerationStructure::BuildDesc buildDesc = {};
        buildDesc.dest = gTLAS;
        buildDesc.inputs = accelerationStructureBuildInputs;
        buildDesc.scratchData = scratchBuffer->getDeviceAddress();
        encoder->buildAccelerationStructure(buildDesc, 0, nullptr);
        encoder->endEncoding();
        commandBuffer->close();
        gQueue->executeCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
        gQueue->waitOnHost();
    }

    IBufferResource::Desc fullScreenVertexBufferDesc;
    fullScreenVertexBufferDesc.type = IResource::Type::Buffer;
    fullScreenVertexBufferDesc.sizeInBytes =
        FullScreenTriangle::kVertexCount * sizeof(FullScreenTriangle::Vertex);
    fullScreenVertexBufferDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::VertexBuffer;
    gFullScreenVertexBuffer = gDevice->createBufferResource(
        fullScreenVertexBufferDesc, &FullScreenTriangle::kVertices[0]);
    if (!gFullScreenVertexBuffer)
        return SLANG_FAIL;

    InputElementDesc inputElements[] = {
        {"POSITION", 0, Format::R32G32_FLOAT, offsetof(FullScreenTriangle::Vertex, position)},
    };
    auto inputLayout = gDevice->createInputLayout(sizeof(FullScreenTriangle::Vertex), &inputElements[0], SLANG_COUNT_OF(inputElements));
    if (!inputLayout)
        return SLANG_FAIL;

    ComPtr<IShaderProgram> shaderProgram;
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(loadShaderProgram(gDevice, false, shaderProgram.writeRef()));
    GraphicsPipelineStateDesc desc;
    desc.inputLayout = inputLayout;
    desc.program = shaderProgram;
    desc.framebufferLayout = gFramebufferLayout;
    gPresentPipelineState = gDevice->createGraphicsPipelineState(desc);
    if (!gPresentPipelineState)
        return SLANG_FAIL;

    ComPtr<IShaderProgram> rayTracingProgram;
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
        loadShaderProgram(gDevice, true, rayTracingProgram.writeRef()));
    RayTracingPipelineStateDesc rtpDesc = {};
    rtpDesc.program = rayTracingProgram;
    rtpDesc.hitGroupCount = 2;
    HitGroupDesc hitGroups[2];
    hitGroups[0].closestHitEntryPoint = "closestHitShader";
    hitGroups[1].closestHitEntryPoint = "shadowRayHitShader";
    rtpDesc.hitGroups = hitGroups;
    rtpDesc.maxRayPayloadSize = 64;
    rtpDesc.maxRecursion = 2;
    rtpDesc.shaderTableHitGroupCount = 2;
    int32_t shaderTable[] = {0, 1};
    rtpDesc.shaderTableHitGroupIndices = shaderTable;
    SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
        gDevice->createRayTracingPipelineState(rtpDesc, gRenderPipelineState.writeRef()));
    if (!gRenderPipelineState)
        return SLANG_FAIL;

    createResultTexture();
    return SLANG_OK;
}

void createResultTexture()
{
    ITextureResource::Desc resultTextureDesc = {};
    resultTextureDesc.type = IResource::Type::Texture2D;
    resultTextureDesc.numMipLevels = 1;
    resultTextureDesc.size.width = windowWidth;
    resultTextureDesc.size.height = windowHeight;
    resultTextureDesc.size.depth = 1;
    resultTextureDesc.defaultState = ResourceState::UnorderedAccess;
    resultTextureDesc.format = Format::R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;
    gResultTexture = gDevice->createTextureResource(resultTextureDesc);
    IResourceView::Desc resultUAVDesc = {};
    resultUAVDesc.format = resultTextureDesc.format;
    resultUAVDesc.type = IResourceView::Type::UnorderedAccess;
    gResultTextureUAV = gDevice->createTextureView(gResultTexture, resultUAVDesc);
}

virtual void windowSizeChanged() override
{
    WindowedAppBase::windowSizeChanged();
    createResultTexture();
}

glm::vec3 getVectorFromSphericalAngles(float theta, float phi)
{
    auto sinTheta = sin(theta);
    auto cosTheta = cos(theta);
    auto sinPhi = sin(phi);
    auto cosPhi = cos(phi);
    return glm::vec3(-sinTheta * cosPhi, sinPhi, -cosTheta * cosPhi);
}
void updateUniforms()
{
    gUniforms.screenWidth = (float)windowWidth;
    gUniforms.screenHeight = (float)windowHeight;
    if (!lastTime)
        lastTime = getCurrentTime();
    uint64_t currentTime = getCurrentTime();
    float deltaTime = float(double(currentTime - lastTime) / double(getTimerFrequency()));
    lastTime = currentTime;

    auto camDir =
        getVectorFromSphericalAngles(cameraOrientationAngles[0], cameraOrientationAngles[1]);
    auto camUp = getVectorFromSphericalAngles(
        cameraOrientationAngles[0], cameraOrientationAngles[1] + glm::pi<float>() * 0.5f);
    auto camRight = glm::cross(camDir, camUp);

    glm::vec3 movement = glm::vec3(0);
    if (wPressed)
        movement += camDir;
    if (sPressed)
        movement -= camDir;
    if (aPressed)
        movement -= camRight;
    if (dPressed)
        movement += camRight;

    cameraPosition += deltaTime * translationScale * movement;

    memcpy(gUniforms.cameraDir, &camDir, sizeof(float) * 3);
    memcpy(gUniforms.cameraUp, &camUp, sizeof(float) * 3);
    memcpy(gUniforms.cameraRight, &camRight, sizeof(float) * 3);
    memcpy(gUniforms.cameraPosition, &cameraPosition, sizeof(float) * 3);
    auto lightDir = glm::normalize(glm::vec3(1.0f, 3.0f, 2.0f));
    memcpy(gUniforms.lightDir, &lightDir, sizeof(float) * 3);
}

virtual void renderFrame(int frameBufferIndex) override
{
    updateUniforms();
    {
        ComPtr<ICommandBuffer> renderCommandBuffer =
            gTransientHeaps[frameBufferIndex]->createCommandBuffer();
        auto renderEncoder = renderCommandBuffer->encodeRayTracingCommands();
        IShaderObject* rootObject = nullptr;
        renderEncoder->bindPipeline(gRenderPipelineState, &rootObject);
        auto cursor = ShaderCursor(rootObject);
        cursor["resultTexture"].setResource(gResultTextureUAV);
        cursor["uniforms"].setData(&gUniforms, sizeof(Uniforms));
        cursor["sceneBVH"].setResource(gTLAS);
        cursor["primitiveBuffer"].setResource(gPrimitiveBufferSRV);
        renderEncoder->dispatchRays(nullptr, windowWidth, windowHeight, 1);
        renderEncoder->endEncoding();
        renderCommandBuffer->close();
        gQueue->executeCommandBuffer(renderCommandBuffer);
    }

    {
        ComPtr<ICommandBuffer> presentCommandBuffer =
            gTransientHeaps[frameBufferIndex]->createCommandBuffer();
        auto presentEncoder = presentCommandBuffer->encodeRenderCommands(
            gRenderPass, gFramebuffers[frameBufferIndex]);
        gfx::Viewport viewport = {};
        viewport.maxZ = 1.0f;
        viewport.extentX = (float)windowWidth;
        viewport.extentY = (float)windowHeight;
        presentEncoder->setViewportAndScissor(viewport);
        auto rootObject = presentEncoder->bindPipeline(gPresentPipelineState);
        auto cursor = ShaderCursor(rootObject->getEntryPoint(1));
        cursor["t"].setResource(gResultTextureUAV);
        presentEncoder->setVertexBuffer(
            0, gFullScreenVertexBuffer);
        presentEncoder->setPrimitiveTopology(PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList);
        presentEncoder->draw(3);
        presentEncoder->endEncoding();
        presentCommandBuffer->close();
        gQueue->executeCommandBuffer(presentCommandBuffer);
    }
    // With that, we are done drawing for one frame, and ready for the next.
    //
    gSwapchain->present();
}

};

// This macro instantiates an appropriate main function to
// run the application defined above.
PLATFORM_UI_MAIN(innerMain<RayTracing>)