Add validation for destination of atomic operations (#6093)

* Reimplement the GLSL atomic* functions in terms of __intrinsic_op

Many of these functions map directly to atomic IR instructions.
The functions taking atomic_uint are left as they are.

This helps to address #5989, since the destination pointer type validation can then be
written only for the atomic IR instructions.

* Add validation for atomic operations

Diagnose an error if the destination of the atomic operation is not appropriate, where
appropriate means it's either:
- 'groupshared'
- from a device buffer

This closes #5989.

* Add tests for GLSL atomics destination validation

Attempting to use the GLSL atomic functions on destinations that are neither groupshared
nor from a device buffer should fail with the following error:

error 41403: cannot perform atomic operation because destination is neither groupshared
             nor from a device buffer.

* Validate atomic operations after address space specialization

Address space specialization for SPIR-V is not done as part of `linkAndOptimizeIR`, as it
is for e.g. Metal, so opt out and add a separate call for SPIR-V.

* Allow unchecked in/inout parameters for non-SPIRV targets

* Clean up callees left without uses during address space specialziation

* format code

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Co-authored-by: slangbot <186143334+slangbot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Yong He <yonghe@outlook.com>

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