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-"""
-A selection of cross-compatible functions for Python 2 and 3.
-
-This module exports useful functions for 2/3 compatible code:
-
- * bind_method: binds functions to classes
- * ``native_str_to_bytes`` and ``bytes_to_native_str``
- * ``native_str``: always equal to the native platform string object (because
- this may be shadowed by imports from future.builtins)
- * lists: lrange(), lmap(), lzip(), lfilter()
- * iterable method compatibility:
- - iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
- - viewitems, viewkeys, viewvalues
-
- These use the original method if available, otherwise they use items,
- keys, values.
-
- * types:
-
- * text_type: unicode in Python 2, str in Python 3
- * string_types: basestring in Python 2, str in Python 3
- * binary_type: str in Python 2, bytes in Python 3
- * integer_types: (int, long) in Python 2, int in Python 3
- * class_types: (type, types.ClassType) in Python 2, type in Python 3
-
- * bchr(c):
- Take an integer and make a 1-character byte string
- * bord(c)
- Take the result of indexing on a byte string and make an integer
- * tobytes(s)
- Take a text string, a byte string, or a sequence of characters taken
- from a byte string, and make a byte string.
-
- * raise_from()
- * raise_with_traceback()
-
-This module also defines these decorators:
-
- * ``python_2_unicode_compatible``
- * ``with_metaclass``
- * ``implements_iterator``
-
-Some of the functions in this module come from the following sources:
-
- * Jinja2 (BSD licensed: see
- https://github.com/mitsuhiko/jinja2/blob/master/LICENSE)
- * Pandas compatibility module pandas.compat
- * six.py by Benjamin Peterson
- * Django
-"""
-
-import types
-import sys
-import numbers
-import functools
-import copy
-import inspect
-
-
-PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
-PY34_PLUS = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
-PY35_PLUS = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 5)
-PY36_PLUS = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 6)
-PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
-PY26 = sys.version_info[0:2] == (2, 6)
-PY27 = sys.version_info[0:2] == (2, 7)
-PYPY = hasattr(sys, 'pypy_translation_info')
-
-
-def python_2_unicode_compatible(cls):
- """
- A decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python
- 2. Under Python 3, this decorator is a no-op.
-
- To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__
- method returning unicode text and apply this decorator to the class, like
- this::
-
- >>> from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible
-
- >>> @python_2_unicode_compatible
- ... class MyClass(object):
- ... def __str__(self):
- ... return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
-
- >>> a = MyClass()
-
- Then, after this import:
-
- >>> from future.builtins import str
-
- the following is ``True`` on both Python 3 and 2::
-
- >>> str(a) == a.encode('utf-8').decode('utf-8')
- True
-
- and, on a Unicode-enabled terminal with the right fonts, these both print the
- Chinese characters for Confucius::
-
- >>> print(a)
- >>> print(str(a))
-
- The implementation comes from django.utils.encoding.
- """
- if not PY3:
- cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__
- cls.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
- return cls
-
-
-def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
- """
- Function from jinja2/_compat.py. License: BSD.
-
- Use it like this::
-
- class BaseForm(object):
- pass
-
- class FormType(type):
- pass
-
- class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):
- pass
-
- This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
- dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces
- itself with the actual metaclass. Because of internal type checks
- we also need to make sure that we downgrade the custom metaclass
- for one level to something closer to type (that's why __call__ and
- __init__ comes back from type etc.).
-
- This has the advantage over six.with_metaclass of not introducing
- dummy classes into the final MRO.
- """
- class metaclass(meta):
- __call__ = type.__call__
- __init__ = type.__init__
- def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
- if this_bases is None:
- return type.__new__(cls, name, (), d)
- return meta(name, bases, d)
- return metaclass('temporary_class', None, {})
-
-
-# Definitions from pandas.compat and six.py follow:
-if PY3:
- def bchr(s):
- return bytes([s])
- def bstr(s):
- if isinstance(s, str):
- return bytes(s, 'latin-1')
- else:
- return bytes(s)
- def bord(s):
- return s
-
- string_types = str,
- integer_types = int,
- class_types = type,
- text_type = str
- binary_type = bytes
-
-else:
- # Python 2
- def bchr(s):
- return chr(s)
- def bstr(s):
- return str(s)
- def bord(s):
- return ord(s)
-
- string_types = basestring,
- integer_types = (int, long)
- class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
- text_type = unicode
- binary_type = str
-
-###
-
-if PY3:
- def tobytes(s):
- if isinstance(s, bytes):
- return s
- else:
- if isinstance(s, str):
- return s.encode('latin-1')
- else:
- return bytes(s)
-else:
- # Python 2
- def tobytes(s):
- if isinstance(s, unicode):
- return s.encode('latin-1')
- else:
- return ''.join(s)
-
-tobytes.__doc__ = """
- Encodes to latin-1 (where the first 256 chars are the same as
- ASCII.)
- """
-
-if PY3:
- def native_str_to_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8'):
- return s.encode(encoding)
-
- def bytes_to_native_str(b, encoding='utf-8'):
- return b.decode(encoding)
-
- def text_to_native_str(t, encoding=None):
- return t
-else:
- # Python 2
- def native_str_to_bytes(s, encoding=None):
- from future.types import newbytes # to avoid a circular import
- return newbytes(s)
-
- def bytes_to_native_str(b, encoding=None):
- return native(b)
-
- def text_to_native_str(t, encoding='ascii'):
- """
- Use this to create a Py2 native string when "from __future__ import
- unicode_literals" is in effect.
- """
- return unicode(t).encode(encoding)
-
-native_str_to_bytes.__doc__ = """
- On Py3, returns an encoded string.
- On Py2, returns a newbytes type, ignoring the ``encoding`` argument.
- """
-
-if PY3:
- # list-producing versions of the major Python iterating functions
- def lrange(*args, **kwargs):
- return list(range(*args, **kwargs))
-
- def lzip(*args, **kwargs):
- return list(zip(*args, **kwargs))
-
- def lmap(*args, **kwargs):
- return list(map(*args, **kwargs))
-
- def lfilter(*args, **kwargs):
- return list(filter(*args, **kwargs))
-else:
- import __builtin__
- # Python 2-builtin ranges produce lists
- lrange = __builtin__.range
- lzip = __builtin__.zip
- lmap = __builtin__.map
- lfilter = __builtin__.filter
-
-
-def isidentifier(s, dotted=False):
- '''
- A function equivalent to the str.isidentifier method on Py3
- '''
- if dotted:
- return all(isidentifier(a) for a in s.split('.'))
- if PY3:
- return s.isidentifier()
- else:
- import re
- _name_re = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$")
- return bool(_name_re.match(s))
-
-
-def viewitems(obj, **kwargs):
- """
- Function for iterating over dictionary items with the same set-like
- behaviour on Py2.7 as on Py3.
-
- Passes kwargs to method."""
- func = getattr(obj, "viewitems", None)
- if not func:
- func = obj.items
- return func(**kwargs)
-
-
-def viewkeys(obj, **kwargs):
- """
- Function for iterating over dictionary keys with the same set-like
- behaviour on Py2.7 as on Py3.
-
- Passes kwargs to method."""
- func = getattr(obj, "viewkeys", None)
- if not func:
- func = obj.keys
- return func(**kwargs)
-
-
-def viewvalues(obj, **kwargs):
- """
- Function for iterating over dictionary values with the same set-like
- behaviour on Py2.7 as on Py3.
-
- Passes kwargs to method."""
- func = getattr(obj, "viewvalues", None)
- if not func:
- func = obj.values
- return func(**kwargs)
-
-
-def iteritems(obj, **kwargs):
- """Use this only if compatibility with Python versions before 2.7 is
- required. Otherwise, prefer viewitems().
- """
- func = getattr(obj, "iteritems", None)
- if not func:
- func = obj.items
- return func(**kwargs)
-
-
-def iterkeys(obj, **kwargs):
- """Use this only if compatibility with Python versions before 2.7 is
- required. Otherwise, prefer viewkeys().
- """
- func = getattr(obj, "iterkeys", None)
- if not func:
- func = obj.keys
- return func(**kwargs)
-
-
-def itervalues(obj, **kwargs):
- """Use this only if compatibility with Python versions before 2.7 is
- required. Otherwise, prefer viewvalues().
- """
- func = getattr(obj, "itervalues", None)
- if not func:
- func = obj.values
- return func(**kwargs)
-
-
-def bind_method(cls, name, func):
- """Bind a method to class, python 2 and python 3 compatible.
-
- Parameters
- ----------
-
- cls : type
- class to receive bound method
- name : basestring
- name of method on class instance
- func : function
- function to be bound as method
-
- Returns
- -------
- None
- """
- # only python 2 has an issue with bound/unbound methods
- if not PY3:
- setattr(cls, name, types.MethodType(func, None, cls))
- else:
- setattr(cls, name, func)
-
-
-def getexception():
- return sys.exc_info()[1]
-
-
-def _get_caller_globals_and_locals():
- """
- Returns the globals and locals of the calling frame.
-
- Is there an alternative to frame hacking here?
- """
- caller_frame = inspect.stack()[2]
- myglobals = caller_frame[0].f_globals
- mylocals = caller_frame[0].f_locals
- return myglobals, mylocals
-
-
-def _repr_strip(mystring):
- """
- Returns the string without any initial or final quotes.
- """
- r = repr(mystring)
- if r.startswith("'") and r.endswith("'"):
- return r[1:-1]
- else:
- return r
-
-
-if PY3:
- def raise_from(exc, cause):
- """
- Equivalent to:
-
- raise EXCEPTION from CAUSE
-
- on Python 3. (See PEP 3134).
- """
- myglobals, mylocals = _get_caller_globals_and_locals()
-
- # We pass the exception and cause along with other globals
- # when we exec():
- myglobals = myglobals.copy()
- myglobals['__python_future_raise_from_exc'] = exc
- myglobals['__python_future_raise_from_cause'] = cause
- execstr = "raise __python_future_raise_from_exc from __python_future_raise_from_cause"
- exec(execstr, myglobals, mylocals)
-
- def raise_(tp, value=None, tb=None):
- """
- A function that matches the Python 2.x ``raise`` statement. This
- allows re-raising exceptions with the cls value and traceback on
- Python 2 and 3.
- """
- if isinstance(tp, BaseException):
- # If the first object is an instance, the type of the exception
- # is the class of the instance, the instance itself is the value,
- # and the second object must be None.
- if value is not None:
- raise TypeError("instance exception may not have a separate value")
- exc = tp
- elif isinstance(tp, type) and not issubclass(tp, BaseException):
- # If the first object is a class, it becomes the type of the
- # exception.
- raise TypeError("class must derive from BaseException, not %s" % tp.__name__)
- else:
- # The second object is used to determine the exception value: If it
- # is an instance of the class, the instance becomes the exception
- # value. If the second object is a tuple, it is used as the argument
- # list for the class constructor; if it is None, an empty argument
- # list is used, and any other object is treated as a single argument
- # to the constructor. The instance so created by calling the
- # constructor is used as the exception value.
- if isinstance(value, tp):
- exc = value
- elif isinstance(value, tuple):
- exc = tp(*value)
- elif value is None:
- exc = tp()
- else:
- exc = tp(value)
-
- if exc.__traceback__ is not tb:
- raise exc.with_traceback(tb)
- raise exc
-
- def raise_with_traceback(exc, traceback=Ellipsis):
- if traceback == Ellipsis:
- _, _, traceback = sys.exc_info()
- raise exc.with_traceback(traceback)
-
-else:
- def raise_from(exc, cause):
- """
- Equivalent to:
-
- raise EXCEPTION from CAUSE
-
- on Python 3. (See PEP 3134).
- """
- # Is either arg an exception class (e.g. IndexError) rather than
- # instance (e.g. IndexError('my message here')? If so, pass the
- # name of the class undisturbed through to "raise ... from ...".
- if isinstance(exc, type) and issubclass(exc, Exception):
- e = exc()
- # exc = exc.__name__
- # execstr = "e = " + _repr_strip(exc) + "()"
- # myglobals, mylocals = _get_caller_globals_and_locals()
- # exec(execstr, myglobals, mylocals)
- else:
- e = exc
- e.__suppress_context__ = False
- if isinstance(cause, type) and issubclass(cause, Exception):
- e.__cause__ = cause()
- e.__cause__.__traceback__ = sys.exc_info()[2]
- e.__suppress_context__ = True
- elif cause is None:
- e.__cause__ = None
- e.__suppress_context__ = True
- elif isinstance(cause, BaseException):
- e.__cause__ = cause
- object.__setattr__(e.__cause__, '__traceback__', sys.exc_info()[2])
- e.__suppress_context__ = True
- else:
- raise TypeError("exception causes must derive from BaseException")
- e.__context__ = sys.exc_info()[1]
- raise e
-
- exec('''
-def raise_(tp, value=None, tb=None):
- raise tp, value, tb
-
-def raise_with_traceback(exc, traceback=Ellipsis):
- if traceback == Ellipsis:
- _, _, traceback = sys.exc_info()
- raise exc, None, traceback
-'''.strip())
-
-
-raise_with_traceback.__doc__ = (
-"""Raise exception with existing traceback.
-If traceback is not passed, uses sys.exc_info() to get traceback."""
-)
-
-
-# Deprecated alias for backward compatibility with ``future`` versions < 0.11:
-reraise = raise_
-
-
-def implements_iterator(cls):
- '''
- From jinja2/_compat.py. License: BSD.
-
- Use as a decorator like this::
-
- @implements_iterator
- class UppercasingIterator(object):
- def __init__(self, iterable):
- self._iter = iter(iterable)
- def __iter__(self):
- return self
- def __next__(self):
- return next(self._iter).upper()
-
- '''
- if PY3:
- return cls
- else:
- cls.next = cls.__next__
- del cls.__next__
- return cls
-
-if PY3:
- get_next = lambda x: x.next
-else:
- get_next = lambda x: x.__next__
-
-
-def encode_filename(filename):
- if PY3:
- return filename
- else:
- if isinstance(filename, unicode):
- return filename.encode('utf-8')
- return filename
-
-
-def is_new_style(cls):
- """
- Python 2.7 has both new-style and old-style classes. Old-style classes can
- be pesky in some circumstances, such as when using inheritance. Use this
- function to test for whether a class is new-style. (Python 3 only has
- new-style classes.)
- """
- return hasattr(cls, '__class__') and ('__dict__' in dir(cls)
- or hasattr(cls, '__slots__'))
-
-# The native platform string and bytes types. Useful because ``str`` and
-# ``bytes`` are redefined on Py2 by ``from future.builtins import *``.
-native_str = str
-native_bytes = bytes
-
-
-def istext(obj):
- """
- Deprecated. Use::
- >>> isinstance(obj, str)
- after this import:
- >>> from future.builtins import str
- """
- return isinstance(obj, type(u''))
-
-
-def isbytes(obj):
- """
- Deprecated. Use::
- >>> isinstance(obj, bytes)
- after this import:
- >>> from future.builtins import bytes
- """
- return isinstance(obj, type(b''))
-
-
-def isnewbytes(obj):
- """
- Equivalent to the result of ``type(obj) == type(newbytes)``
- in other words, it is REALLY a newbytes instance, not a Py2 native str
- object?
-
- Note that this does not cover subclasses of newbytes, and it is not
- equivalent to ininstance(obj, newbytes)
- """
- return type(obj).__name__ == 'newbytes'
-
-
-def isint(obj):
- """
- Deprecated. Tests whether an object is a Py3 ``int`` or either a Py2 ``int`` or
- ``long``.
-
- Instead of using this function, you can use:
-
- >>> from future.builtins import int
- >>> isinstance(obj, int)
-
- The following idiom is equivalent:
-
- >>> from numbers import Integral
- >>> isinstance(obj, Integral)
- """
-
- return isinstance(obj, numbers.Integral)
-
-
-def native(obj):
- """
- On Py3, this is a no-op: native(obj) -> obj
-
- On Py2, returns the corresponding native Py2 types that are
- superclasses for backported objects from Py3:
-
- >>> from builtins import str, bytes, int
-
- >>> native(str(u'ABC'))
- u'ABC'
- >>> type(native(str(u'ABC')))
- unicode
-
- >>> native(bytes(b'ABC'))
- b'ABC'
- >>> type(native(bytes(b'ABC')))
- bytes
-
- >>> native(int(10**20))
- 100000000000000000000L
- >>> type(native(int(10**20)))
- long
-
- Existing native types on Py2 will be returned unchanged:
-
- >>> type(native(u'ABC'))
- unicode
- """
- if hasattr(obj, '__native__'):
- return obj.__native__()
- else:
- return obj
-
-
-# Implementation of exec_ is from ``six``:
-if PY3:
- import builtins
- exec_ = getattr(builtins, "exec")
-else:
- def exec_(code, globs=None, locs=None):
- """Execute code in a namespace."""
- if globs is None:
- frame = sys._getframe(1)
- globs = frame.f_globals
- if locs is None:
- locs = frame.f_locals
- del frame
- elif locs is None:
- locs = globs
- exec("""exec code in globs, locs""")
-
-
-# Defined here for backward compatibility:
-def old_div(a, b):
- """
- DEPRECATED: import ``old_div`` from ``past.utils`` instead.
-
- Equivalent to ``a / b`` on Python 2 without ``from __future__ import
- division``.
-
- TODO: generalize this to other objects (like arrays etc.)
- """
- if isinstance(a, numbers.Integral) and isinstance(b, numbers.Integral):
- return a // b
- else:
- return a / b
-
-
-def as_native_str(encoding='utf-8'):
- '''
- A decorator to turn a function or method call that returns text, i.e.
- unicode, into one that returns a native platform str.
-
- Use it as a decorator like this::
-
- from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
- class MyClass(object):
- @as_native_str(encoding='ascii')
- def __repr__(self):
- return next(self._iter).upper()
- '''
- if PY3:
- return lambda f: f
- else:
- def encoder(f):
- @functools.wraps(f)
- def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
- return f(*args, **kwargs).encode(encoding=encoding)
- return wrapper
- return encoder
-
-# listvalues and listitems definitions from Nick Coghlan's (withdrawn)
-# PEP 496:
-try:
- dict.iteritems
-except AttributeError:
- # Python 3
- def listvalues(d):
- return list(d.values())
- def listitems(d):
- return list(d.items())
-else:
- # Python 2
- def listvalues(d):
- return d.values()
- def listitems(d):
- return d.items()
-
-if PY3:
- def ensure_new_type(obj):
- return obj
-else:
- def ensure_new_type(obj):
- from future.types.newbytes import newbytes
- from future.types.newstr import newstr
- from future.types.newint import newint
- from future.types.newdict import newdict
-
- native_type = type(native(obj))
-
- # Upcast only if the type is already a native (non-future) type
- if issubclass(native_type, type(obj)):
- # Upcast
- if native_type == str: # i.e. Py2 8-bit str
- return newbytes(obj)
- elif native_type == unicode:
- return newstr(obj)
- elif native_type == int:
- return newint(obj)
- elif native_type == long:
- return newint(obj)
- elif native_type == dict:
- return newdict(obj)
- else:
- return obj
- else:
- # Already a new type
- assert type(obj) in [newbytes, newstr]
- return obj
-
-
-__all__ = ['PY2', 'PY26', 'PY3', 'PYPY',
- 'as_native_str', 'binary_type', 'bind_method', 'bord', 'bstr',
- 'bytes_to_native_str', 'class_types', 'encode_filename',
- 'ensure_new_type', 'exec_', 'get_next', 'getexception',
- 'implements_iterator', 'integer_types', 'is_new_style', 'isbytes',
- 'isidentifier', 'isint', 'isnewbytes', 'istext', 'iteritems',
- 'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'lfilter', 'listitems', 'listvalues',
- 'lmap', 'lrange', 'lzip', 'native', 'native_bytes', 'native_str',
- 'native_str_to_bytes', 'old_div',
- 'python_2_unicode_compatible', 'raise_',
- 'raise_with_traceback', 'reraise', 'string_types',
- 'text_to_native_str', 'text_type', 'tobytes', 'viewitems',
- 'viewkeys', 'viewvalues', 'with_metaclass'
- ]