diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs')
81 files changed, 0 insertions, 12833 deletions
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/astropy_py3compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/astropy_py3compat.py deleted file mode 100644 index d264da8..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/astropy_py3compat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,213 +0,0 @@ -# Licensed under a 3-clause BSD style license - see PYFITS.rst - -import sys - -PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3 - -if PY3: # pragma: py3 - # Stuff to do if Python 3 - import builtins - import io - - # Bring back the cmp() function - builtins.cmp = lambda a, b: (a > b) - (a < b) - - # Make the decode_ascii utility function actually work - from . import util - import numpy - - def encode_ascii(s): - if isinstance(s, str): - return s.encode('ascii') - elif isinstance(s, numpy.ndarray) and \ - issubclass(s.dtype.type, numpy.str_): - ns = numpy.char.encode(s, 'ascii').view(type(s)) - if ns.dtype.itemsize != s.dtype.itemsize / 4: - ns = ns.astype((numpy.bytes_, s.dtype.itemsize / 4)) - return ns - return s - util.encode_ascii = encode_ascii - - def decode_ascii(s): - if isinstance(s, bytes): - return s.decode('ascii') - elif (isinstance(s, numpy.ndarray) and - issubclass(s.dtype.type, numpy.bytes_)): - # np.char.encode/decode annoyingly don't preserve the type of the - # array, hence the view() call - # It also doesn't necessarily preserve widths of the strings, - # hence the astype() - ns = numpy.char.decode(s, 'ascii').view(type(s)) - if ns.dtype.itemsize / 4 != s.dtype.itemsize: - ns = ns.astype((numpy.str_, s.dtype.itemsize)) - return ns - return s - util.decode_ascii = decode_ascii - - # Replacements for b and u marks on strings - def b(s): - return s.encode('latin-1') - - def u(s): - return s - - util.b = b - util.u = u - - # See the docstring for astropy.io.fits.util.fileobj_open for why we need - # to replace this function - def fileobj_open(filename, mode): - return open(filename, mode, buffering=0) - util.fileobj_open = fileobj_open - - # Support the io.IOBase.readable/writable methods - from .util import isreadable as _isreadable - - def isreadable(f): - if hasattr(f, 'readable'): - return f.readable() - return _isreadable(f) - util.isreadable = isreadable - - from .util import iswritable as _iswritable - - def iswritable(f): - if hasattr(f, 'writable'): - return f.writable() - return _iswritable(f) - util.iswritable = iswritable - - # isfile needs to support the higher-level wrappers around FileIO - def isfile(f): - if isinstance(f, io.FileIO): - return True - elif hasattr(f, 'buffer'): - return isfile(f.buffer) - elif hasattr(f, 'raw'): - return isfile(f.raw) - return False - util.isfile = isfile - - # Here we monkey patch (yes, I know) numpy to fix a few numpy Python 3 - # bugs. The only behavior that's modified is that bugs are fixed, so that - # should be OK. - - # Fix chararrays; this is necessary in numpy 1.5.1 and below--hopefully - # should not be necessary later. See - # http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/ticket/1817 - # TODO: Maybe do a version check on numpy for this? (Note: the fix for - # this hasn't been accepted in Numpy yet, so a version number check would - # not be helpful yet...) - from . import file - - _chararray = numpy.char.chararray - - class chararray(_chararray): - def __getitem__(self, obj): - val = numpy.ndarray.__getitem__(self, obj) - if isinstance(val, numpy.character): - temp = val.rstrip() - if numpy.char._len(temp) == 0: - val = '' - else: - val = temp - return val - for m in [numpy.char, numpy.core.defchararray, numpy.core.records]: - m.chararray = chararray - - # Fix recarrays with sub-array fields. See - # http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/ticket/1766 - # TODO: Same as above, though the fix to this problem hasn't made it into - # any Numpy release yet either, so we'll have to hold off on a version - # check - def _fix_dtype(dtype): - """ - Numpy has a bug (in Python3 only) that causes a segfault when - accessing the data of arrays containing nested arrays. Specifically, - this happens if the shape of the subarray is not given as a tuple. - See http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/ticket/1766. - """ - - if not hasattr(dtype, 'fields') or dtype.fields is None: - return dtype - - formats = [] - offsets = [] - titles = [] - for name in dtype.names: - field = dtype.fields[name] - shape = field[0].shape - if not isinstance(shape, tuple): - shape = (shape,) - formats.append((field[0].base, shape)) - offsets.append(field[1]) - - # There seems to be no obvious way to extract the titles from - # a dtype, so this just searches for duplicate fields - title = None - for key, dup in dtype.fields.items(): - if key != name and dup == field: - title = key - break - titles.append(title) - - return numpy.dtype({'names': dtype.names, 'formats': formats, - 'offsets': offsets, 'titles': titles}) - - _recarray = numpy.recarray - - class recarray(_recarray): - def __new__(subtype, shape, dtype=None, buf=None, offset=0, - strides=None, formats=None, names=None, titles=None, - byteorder=None, aligned=False, order='C'): - if dtype is not None: - dtype = _fix_dtype(dtype) - - if 'order' in _recarray.__new__.__code__.co_varnames: - return _recarray.__new__( - subtype, shape, dtype, buf, offset, strides, formats, - names, titles, byteorder, aligned, order) - else: - return _recarray.__new__( - subtype, shape, dtype, buf, offset, strides, formats, - names, titles, byteorder, aligned) - numpy.recarray = numpy.core.records.recarray = recarray - - # We also need to patch astropy.io.fits.file._File which can also be - # affected by the #1766 bug - old_File = file._File - - class _File(old_File): - def readarray(self, size=None, offset=0, dtype=numpy.uint8, - shape=None): - if isinstance(dtype, numpy.dtype): - dtype = _fix_dtype(dtype) - return old_File.readarray(self, size, offset, dtype, shape) - readarray.__doc__ = old_File.readarray.__doc__ - file._File = _File - - # Replace astropy.io.fits.util.maketrans and translate with versions that - # work with Python 3 unicode strings - util.maketrans = str.maketrans - - def translate(s, table, deletechars): - if deletechars: - table = table.copy() - for c in deletechars: - table[ord(c)] = None - return s.translate(table) - util.translate = translate -else: - # Stuff to do if not Python 3 - import string - from . import util - util.maketrans = string.maketrans - - def b(s): - return s - - def u(s): - return unicode(s, 'unicode_escape') - - util.b = b - util.u = u diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/django_utils_encoding.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/django_utils_encoding.py deleted file mode 100644 index aa0218c..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/django_utils_encoding.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,228 +0,0 @@ -from __future__ import unicode_literals - -import codecs -import datetime -from decimal import Decimal -import locale -try: - from urllib.parse import quote -except ImportError: # Python 2 - from urllib import quote - -from django.utils.functional import Promise -from django.utils import six - -class DjangoUnicodeDecodeError(UnicodeDecodeError): - def __init__(self, obj, *args): - self.obj = obj - UnicodeDecodeError.__init__(self, *args) - - def __str__(self): - original = UnicodeDecodeError.__str__(self) - return '%s. You passed in %r (%s)' % (original, self.obj, - type(self.obj)) - -def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass): - """ - A decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2. - Under Python 3 it does nothing. - - To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method - returning text and apply this decorator to the class. - """ - if not six.PY3: - klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__ - klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8') - return klass - -def smart_text(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'): - """ - Returns a text object representing 's' -- unicode on Python 2 and str on - Python 3. Treats bytestrings using the 'encoding' codec. - - If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects. - """ - if isinstance(s, Promise): - # The input is the result of a gettext_lazy() call. - return s - return force_text(s, encoding, strings_only, errors) - -def is_protected_type(obj): - """Determine if the object instance is of a protected type. - - Objects of protected types are preserved as-is when passed to - force_text(strings_only=True). - """ - return isinstance(obj, six.integer_types + (type(None), float, Decimal, - datetime.datetime, datetime.date, datetime.time)) - -def force_text(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'): - """ - Similar to smart_text, except that lazy instances are resolved to - strings, rather than kept as lazy objects. - - If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects. - """ - # Handle the common case first, saves 30-40% when s is an instance of - # six.text_type. This function gets called often in that setting. - if isinstance(s, six.text_type): - return s - if strings_only and is_protected_type(s): - return s - try: - if not isinstance(s, six.string_types): - if hasattr(s, '__unicode__'): - s = s.__unicode__() - else: - if six.PY3: - if isinstance(s, bytes): - s = six.text_type(s, encoding, errors) - else: - s = six.text_type(s) - else: - s = six.text_type(bytes(s), encoding, errors) - else: - # Note: We use .decode() here, instead of six.text_type(s, encoding, - # errors), so that if s is a SafeBytes, it ends up being a - # SafeText at the end. - s = s.decode(encoding, errors) - except UnicodeDecodeError as e: - if not isinstance(s, Exception): - raise DjangoUnicodeDecodeError(s, *e.args) - else: - # If we get to here, the caller has passed in an Exception - # subclass populated with non-ASCII bytestring data without a - # working unicode method. Try to handle this without raising a - # further exception by individually forcing the exception args - # to unicode. - s = ' '.join([force_text(arg, encoding, strings_only, - errors) for arg in s]) - return s - -def smart_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'): - """ - Returns a bytestring version of 's', encoded as specified in 'encoding'. - - If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects. - """ - if isinstance(s, Promise): - # The input is the result of a gettext_lazy() call. - return s - return force_bytes(s, encoding, strings_only, errors) - - -def force_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'): - """ - Similar to smart_bytes, except that lazy instances are resolved to - strings, rather than kept as lazy objects. - - If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects. - """ - if isinstance(s, six.memoryview): - s = bytes(s) - if isinstance(s, bytes): - if encoding == 'utf-8': - return s - else: - return s.decode('utf-8', errors).encode(encoding, errors) - if strings_only and (s is None or isinstance(s, int)): - return s - if isinstance(s, Promise): - return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding, errors) - if not isinstance(s, six.string_types): - try: - if six.PY3: - return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding) - else: - return bytes(s) - except UnicodeEncodeError: - if isinstance(s, Exception): - # An Exception subclass containing non-ASCII data that doesn't - # know how to print itself properly. We shouldn't raise a - # further exception. - return b' '.join([force_bytes(arg, encoding, strings_only, - errors) for arg in s]) - return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding, errors) - else: - return s.encode(encoding, errors) - -if six.PY3: - smart_str = smart_text - force_str = force_text -else: - smart_str = smart_bytes - force_str = force_bytes - # backwards compatibility for Python 2 - smart_unicode = smart_text - force_unicode = force_text - -smart_str.__doc__ = """\ -Apply smart_text in Python 3 and smart_bytes in Python 2. - -This is suitable for writing to sys.stdout (for instance). -""" - -force_str.__doc__ = """\ -Apply force_text in Python 3 and force_bytes in Python 2. -""" - -def iri_to_uri(iri): - """ - Convert an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) portion to a URI - portion that is suitable for inclusion in a URL. - - This is the algorithm from section 3.1 of RFC 3987. However, since we are - assuming input is either UTF-8 or unicode already, we can simplify things a - little from the full method. - - Returns an ASCII string containing the encoded result. - """ - # The list of safe characters here is constructed from the "reserved" and - # "unreserved" characters specified in sections 2.2 and 2.3 of RFC 3986: - # reserved = gen-delims / sub-delims - # gen-delims = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@" - # sub-delims = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")" - # / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "=" - # unreserved = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~" - # Of the unreserved characters, urllib.quote already considers all but - # the ~ safe. - # The % character is also added to the list of safe characters here, as the - # end of section 3.1 of RFC 3987 specifically mentions that % must not be - # converted. - if iri is None: - return iri - return quote(force_bytes(iri), safe=b"/#%[]=:;$&()+,!?*@'~") - -def filepath_to_uri(path): - """Convert a file system path to a URI portion that is suitable for - inclusion in a URL. - - We are assuming input is either UTF-8 or unicode already. - - This method will encode certain chars that would normally be recognized as - special chars for URIs. Note that this method does not encode the ' - character, as it is a valid character within URIs. See - encodeURIComponent() JavaScript function for more details. - - Returns an ASCII string containing the encoded result. - """ - if path is None: - return path - # I know about `os.sep` and `os.altsep` but I want to leave - # some flexibility for hardcoding separators. - return quote(force_bytes(path).replace(b"\\", b"/"), safe=b"/~!*()'") - -def get_system_encoding(): - """ - The encoding of the default system locale but falls back to the given - fallback encoding if the encoding is unsupported by python or could - not be determined. See tickets #10335 and #5846 - """ - try: - encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'ascii' - codecs.lookup(encoding) - except Exception: - encoding = 'ascii' - return encoding - -DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING = get_system_encoding() diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py deleted file mode 100644 index 465cb50..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -""" -From gevent/hub.py -""" -PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3 - -if PY3: - string_types = str, - integer_types = int, -else: - string_types = basestring, - integer_types = (int, long) - - -if sys.version_info[0] <= 2: - import thread -else: - import _thread as thread diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/ipython_py3compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/ipython_py3compat.py deleted file mode 100644 index c9fbb2c..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/ipython_py3compat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,178 +0,0 @@ -# coding: utf-8 -"""Compatibility tricks for Python 3. Mainly to do with unicode.""" -import __builtin__ -import functools -import sys -import re -import types - -from .encoding import DEFAULT_ENCODING - -orig_open = open - -def no_code(x, encoding=None): - return x - -def decode(s, encoding=None): - encoding = encoding or DEFAULT_ENCODING - return s.decode(encoding, "replace") - -def encode(u, encoding=None): - encoding = encoding or DEFAULT_ENCODING - return u.encode(encoding, "replace") - - -def cast_unicode(s, encoding=None): - if isinstance(s, bytes): - return decode(s, encoding) - return s - -def cast_bytes(s, encoding=None): - if not isinstance(s, bytes): - return encode(s, encoding) - return s - -def _modify_str_or_docstring(str_change_func): - @functools.wraps(str_change_func) - def wrapper(func_or_str): - if isinstance(func_or_str, basestring): - func = None - doc = func_or_str - else: - func = func_or_str - doc = func.__doc__ - - doc = str_change_func(doc) - - if func: - func.__doc__ = doc - return func - return doc - return wrapper - -if sys.version_info[0] >= 3: - PY3 = True - - input = input - builtin_mod_name = "builtins" - - str_to_unicode = no_code - unicode_to_str = no_code - str_to_bytes = encode - bytes_to_str = decode - cast_bytes_py2 = no_code - - def isidentifier(s, dotted=False): - if dotted: - return all(isidentifier(a) for a in s.split(".")) - return s.isidentifier() - - open = orig_open - - MethodType = types.MethodType - - def execfile(fname, glob, loc=None): - loc = loc if (loc is not None) else glob - exec compile(open(fname, 'rb').read(), fname, 'exec') in glob, loc - - # Refactor print statements in doctests. - _print_statement_re = re.compile(r"\bprint (?P<expr>.*)$", re.MULTILINE) - def _print_statement_sub(match): - expr = match.groups('expr') - return "print(%s)" % expr - - @_modify_str_or_docstring - def doctest_refactor_print(doc): - """Refactor 'print x' statements in a doctest to print(x) style. 2to3 - unfortunately doesn't pick up on our doctests. - - Can accept a string or a function, so it can be used as a decorator.""" - return _print_statement_re.sub(_print_statement_sub, doc) - - # Abstract u'abc' syntax: - @_modify_str_or_docstring - def u_format(s): - """"{u}'abc'" --> "'abc'" (Python 3) - - Accepts a string or a function, so it can be used as a decorator.""" - return s.format(u='') - -else: - PY3 = False - - input = raw_input - builtin_mod_name = "__builtin__" - - str_to_unicode = decode - unicode_to_str = encode - str_to_bytes = no_code - bytes_to_str = no_code - cast_bytes_py2 = cast_bytes - - import re - _name_re = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$") - def isidentifier(s, dotted=False): - if dotted: - return all(isidentifier(a) for a in s.split(".")) - return bool(_name_re.match(s)) - - class open(object): - """Wrapper providing key part of Python 3 open() interface.""" - def __init__(self, fname, mode="r", encoding="utf-8"): - self.f = orig_open(fname, mode) - self.enc = encoding - - def write(self, s): - return self.f.write(s.encode(self.enc)) - - def read(self, size=-1): - return self.f.read(size).decode(self.enc) - - def close(self): - return self.f.close() - - def __enter__(self): - return self - - def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback): - self.f.close() - - def MethodType(func, instance): - return types.MethodType(func, instance, type(instance)) - - # don't override system execfile on 2.x: - execfile = execfile - - def doctest_refactor_print(func_or_str): - return func_or_str - - - # Abstract u'abc' syntax: - @_modify_str_or_docstring - def u_format(s): - """"{u}'abc'" --> "u'abc'" (Python 2) - - Accepts a string or a function, so it can be used as a decorator.""" - return s.format(u='u') - - if sys.platform == 'win32': - def execfile(fname, glob=None, loc=None): - loc = loc if (loc is not None) else glob - # The rstrip() is necessary b/c trailing whitespace in files will - # cause an IndentationError in Python 2.6 (this was fixed in 2.7, - # but we still support 2.6). See issue 1027. - scripttext = __builtin__.open(fname).read().rstrip() + '\n' - # compile converts unicode filename to str assuming - # ascii. Let's do the conversion before calling compile - if isinstance(fname, unicode): - filename = unicode_to_str(fname) - else: - filename = fname - exec compile(scripttext, filename, 'exec') in glob, loc - else: - def execfile(fname, *where): - if isinstance(fname, unicode): - filename = fname.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()) - else: - filename = fname - __builtin__.execfile(filename, *where) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1326cbc..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,109 +0,0 @@ -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -""" - jinja2._compat - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - Some py2/py3 compatibility support based on a stripped down - version of six so we don't have to depend on a specific version - of it. - - :copyright: Copyright 2013 by the Jinja team, see AUTHORS. - :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. -""" -import sys - -PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2 -PYPY = hasattr(sys, 'pypy_translation_info') -_identity = lambda x: x - - -if not PY2: - unichr = chr - range_type = range - text_type = str - string_types = (str,) - - iterkeys = lambda d: iter(d.keys()) - itervalues = lambda d: iter(d.values()) - iteritems = lambda d: iter(d.items()) - - import pickle - from io import BytesIO, StringIO - NativeStringIO = StringIO - - def reraise(tp, value, tb=None): - if value.__traceback__ is not tb: - raise value.with_traceback(tb) - raise value - - ifilter = filter - imap = map - izip = zip - intern = sys.intern - - implements_iterator = _identity - implements_to_string = _identity - encode_filename = _identity - get_next = lambda x: x.__next__ - -else: - unichr = unichr - text_type = unicode - range_type = xrange - string_types = (str, unicode) - - iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys() - itervalues = lambda d: d.itervalues() - iteritems = lambda d: d.iteritems() - - import cPickle as pickle - from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO, StringIO - NativeStringIO = BytesIO - - exec('def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):\n raise tp, value, tb') - - from itertools import imap, izip, ifilter - intern = intern - - def implements_iterator(cls): - cls.next = cls.__next__ - del cls.__next__ - return cls - - def implements_to_string(cls): - cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__ - cls.__str__ = lambda x: x.__unicode__().encode('utf-8') - return cls - - get_next = lambda x: x.next - - def encode_filename(filename): - if isinstance(filename, unicode): - return filename.encode('utf-8') - return filename - - -def with_metaclass(meta, *bases): - # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a - # dummy metaclass for one level of class instanciation that replaces - # itself with the actual metaclass. Because of internal type checks - # we also need to make sure that we downgrade the custom metaclass - # for one level to something closer to type (that's why __call__ and - # __init__ comes back from type etc.). - # - # This has the advantage over six.with_metaclass in that it does not - # introduce dummy classes into the final MRO. - class metaclass(meta): - __call__ = type.__call__ - __init__ = type.__init__ - def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d): - if this_bases is None: - return type.__new__(cls, name, (), d) - return meta(name, bases, d) - return metaclass('temporary_class', None, {}) - - -try: - from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes as url_quote -except ImportError: - from urllib import quote as url_quote diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0a03929..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,71 +0,0 @@ -""" -Python 3 compatibility tools. - -""" - -__all__ = ['bytes', 'asbytes', 'isfileobj', 'getexception', 'strchar', - 'unicode', 'asunicode', 'asbytes_nested', 'asunicode_nested', - 'asstr', 'open_latin1'] - -import sys - -if sys.version_info[0] >= 3: - import io - bytes = bytes - unicode = str - - def asunicode(s): - if isinstance(s, bytes): - return s.decode('latin1') - return str(s) - - def asbytes(s): - if isinstance(s, bytes): - return s - return str(s).encode('latin1') - - def asstr(s): - if isinstance(s, bytes): - return s.decode('latin1') - return str(s) - - def isfileobj(f): - return isinstance(f, (io.FileIO, io.BufferedReader)) - - def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'): - return open(filename, mode=mode, encoding='iso-8859-1') - - strchar = 'U' - -else: - bytes = str - unicode = unicode - asbytes = str - asstr = str - strchar = 'S' - - def isfileobj(f): - return isinstance(f, file) - - def asunicode(s): - if isinstance(s, unicode): - return s - return str(s).decode('ascii') - - def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'): - return open(filename, mode=mode) - -def getexception(): - return sys.exc_info()[1] - -def asbytes_nested(x): - if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)): - return [asbytes_nested(y) for y in x] - else: - return asbytes(x) - -def asunicode_nested(x): - if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)): - return [asunicode_nested(y) for y in x] - else: - return asunicode(x) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2a8eb5a..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,702 +0,0 @@ -""" -compat -====== - -Cross-compatible functions for Python 2 and 3. - -Key items to import for 2/3 compatible code: -* iterators: range(), map(), zip(), filter(), reduce() -* lists: lrange(), lmap(), lzip(), lfilter() -* unicode: u() [u"" is a syntax error in Python 3.0-3.2] -* longs: long (int in Python 3) -* callable -* iterable method compatibility: iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues - * Uses the original method if available, otherwise uses items, keys, values. -* types: - * text_type: unicode in Python 2, str in Python 3 - * binary_type: str in Python 2, bytes in Python 3 - * string_types: basestring in Python 2, str in Python 3 -* bind_method: binds functions to classes - -Python 2.6 compatibility: -* OrderedDict -* Counter - -Other items: -* OrderedDefaultDict -""" -# pylint disable=W0611 -import functools -import itertools -from distutils.version import LooseVersion -from itertools import product -import sys -import types - -PY3 = (sys.version_info[0] >= 3) -# import iterator versions of these functions - -try: - import __builtin__ as builtins - # not writeable when instantiated with string, doesn't handle unicode well - from cStringIO import StringIO as cStringIO - # always writeable - from StringIO import StringIO - BytesIO = StringIO - import cPickle -except ImportError: - import builtins - from io import StringIO, BytesIO - cStringIO = StringIO - import pickle as cPickle - - -if PY3: - def isidentifier(s): - return s.isidentifier() - - def str_to_bytes(s, encoding='ascii'): - return s.encode(encoding) - - def bytes_to_str(b, encoding='utf-8'): - return b.decode(encoding) - - # have to explicitly put builtins into the namespace - range = range - map = map - zip = zip - filter = filter - reduce = functools.reduce - long = int - unichr = chr - - # list-producing versions of the major Python iterating functions - def lrange(*args, **kwargs): - return list(range(*args, **kwargs)) - - def lzip(*args, **kwargs): - return list(zip(*args, **kwargs)) - - def lmap(*args, **kwargs): - return list(map(*args, **kwargs)) - - def lfilter(*args, **kwargs): - return list(filter(*args, **kwargs)) -else: - # Python 2 - import re - _name_re = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$") - - def isidentifier(s, dotted=False): - return bool(_name_re.match(s)) - - def str_to_bytes(s, encoding='ascii'): - return s - - def bytes_to_str(b, encoding='ascii'): - return b - - range = xrange - zip = itertools.izip - filter = itertools.ifilter - map = itertools.imap - reduce = reduce - long = long - unichr = unichr - - # Python 2-builtin ranges produce lists - lrange = builtins.range - lzip = builtins.zip - lmap = builtins.map - lfilter = builtins.filter - - -def iteritems(obj, **kwargs): - """replacement for six's iteritems for Python2/3 compat - uses 'iteritems' if available and otherwise uses 'items'. - - Passes kwargs to method.""" - func = getattr(obj, "iteritems", None) - if not func: - func = obj.items - return func(**kwargs) - - -def iterkeys(obj, **kwargs): - func = getattr(obj, "iterkeys", None) - if not func: - func = obj.keys - return func(**kwargs) - - -def itervalues(obj, **kwargs): - func = getattr(obj, "itervalues", None) - if not func: - func = obj.values - return func(**kwargs) - - -def bind_method(cls, name, func): - """Bind a method to class, python 2 and python 3 compatible. - - Parameters - ---------- - - cls : type - class to receive bound method - name : basestring - name of method on class instance - func : function - function to be bound as method - - - Returns - ------- - None - """ - # only python 2 has bound/unbound method issue - if not PY3: - setattr(cls, name, types.MethodType(func, None, cls)) - else: - setattr(cls, name, func) -# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# functions largely based / taken from the six module - -# Much of the code in this module comes from Benjamin Peterson's six library. -# The license for this library can be found in LICENSES/SIX and the code can be -# found at https://bitbucket.org/gutworth/six - -if PY3: - string_types = str, - integer_types = int, - class_types = type, - text_type = str - binary_type = bytes - - def u(s): - return s -else: - string_types = basestring, - integer_types = (int, long) - class_types = (type, types.ClassType) - text_type = unicode - binary_type = str - - def u(s): - return unicode(s, "unicode_escape") - - -string_and_binary_types = string_types + (binary_type,) - - -try: - # callable reintroduced in later versions of Python - callable = callable -except NameError: - def callable(obj): - return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__) - -# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Python 2.6 compatibility shims -# - -# OrderedDict Shim from Raymond Hettinger, python core dev -# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693-ordered-dictionary-for-py24/ -# here to support versions before 2.6 -if not PY3: - # don't need this except in 2.6 - try: - from thread import get_ident as _get_ident - except ImportError: - from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident - -try: - from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView -except ImportError: - pass - - -class _OrderedDict(dict): - - 'Dictionary that remembers insertion order' - # An inherited dict maps keys to values. - # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get. - # The remaining methods are order-aware. - # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular - # dictionaries. - - # The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked - # list. The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel - # element. The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the - # algorithm). Each link is stored as a list of length three: [PREV, NEXT, - # KEY]. - - def __init__(self, *args, **kwds): - '''Initialize an ordered dictionary. Signature is the same as for - regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended - because their insertion order is arbitrary. - - ''' - if len(args) > 1: - raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args)) - try: - self.__root - except AttributeError: - self.__root = root = [] # sentinel node - root[:] = [root, root, None] - self.__map = {} - self.__update(*args, **kwds) - - def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__): - 'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y' - # Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the - # linked list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new - # key/value pair. - if key not in self: - root = self.__root - last = root[0] - last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key] - dict_setitem(self, key, value) - - def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__): - 'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]' - # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is - # then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor - # nodes. - dict_delitem(self, key) - link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key) - link_prev[1] = link_next - link_next[0] = link_prev - - def __iter__(self): - 'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)' - root = self.__root - curr = root[1] - while curr is not root: - yield curr[2] - curr = curr[1] - - def __reversed__(self): - 'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)' - root = self.__root - curr = root[0] - while curr is not root: - yield curr[2] - curr = curr[0] - - def clear(self): - 'od.clear() -> None. Remove all items from od.' - try: - for node in itervalues(self.__map): - del node[:] - root = self.__root - root[:] = [root, root, None] - self.__map.clear() - except AttributeError: - pass - dict.clear(self) - - def popitem(self, last=True): - '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair. - Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if - false. - ''' - if not self: - raise KeyError('dictionary is empty') - root = self.__root - if last: - link = root[0] - link_prev = link[0] - link_prev[1] = root - root[0] = link_prev - else: - link = root[1] - link_next = link[1] - root[1] = link_next - link_next[0] = root - key = link[2] - del self.__map[key] - value = dict.pop(self, key) - return key, value - - # -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure -- - - def keys(self): - 'od.keys() -> list of keys in od' - return list(self) - - def values(self): - 'od.values() -> list of values in od' - return [self[key] for key in self] - - def items(self): - 'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od' - return [(key, self[key]) for key in self] - - def iterkeys(self): - 'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od' - return iter(self) - - def itervalues(self): - 'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od' - for k in self: - yield self[k] - - def iteritems(self): - 'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od' - for k in self: - yield (k, self[k]) - - def update(*args, **kwds): - '''od.update(E, **F) -> None. Update od from dict/iterable E and F. - - If E is a dict instance, does: for k in E: od[k] = E[k] - If E has a .keys() method, does: for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k] - Or if E is an iterable of items, does:for k, v in E: od[k] = v - In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v - ''' - if len(args) > 2: - raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional ' - 'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args),)) - elif not args: - raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)') - self = args[0] - # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other" - other = () - if len(args) == 2: - other = args[1] - if isinstance(other, dict): - for key in other: - self[key] = other[key] - elif hasattr(other, 'keys'): - for key in other.keys(): - self[key] = other[key] - else: - for key, value in other: - self[key] = value - for key, value in kwds.items(): - self[key] = value - # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__ - __update = update - - __marker = object() - - def pop(self, key, default=__marker): - '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the\ - corresponding value. If key is not found, d is returned if given, - otherwise KeyError is raised. - ''' - if key in self: - result = self[key] - del self[key] - return result - if default is self.__marker: - raise KeyError(key) - return default - - def setdefault(self, key, default=None): - 'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od' - if key in self: - return self[key] - self[key] = default - return default - - def __repr__(self, _repr_running={}): - 'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)' - call_key = id(self), _get_ident() - if call_key in _repr_running: - return '...' - _repr_running[call_key] = 1 - try: - if not self: - return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,) - return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, list(self.items())) - finally: - del _repr_running[call_key] - - def __reduce__(self): - 'Return state information for pickling' - items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self] - inst_dict = vars(self).copy() - for k in vars(OrderedDict()): - inst_dict.pop(k, None) - if inst_dict: - return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict) - return self.__class__, (items,) - - def copy(self): - 'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od' - return self.__class__(self) - - @classmethod - def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None): - '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S and - values equal to v (which defaults to None). - ''' - d = cls() - for key in iterable: - d[key] = value - return d - - def __eq__(self, other): - '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y. Comparison to another OD is - order-sensitive while comparison to a regular mapping is - order-insensitive. - ''' - if isinstance(other, OrderedDict): - return (len(self) == len(other) and - list(self.items()) == list(other.items())) - return dict.__eq__(self, other) - - def __ne__(self, other): - return not self == other - - # -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 -- - - def viewkeys(self): - "od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys" - return KeysView(self) - - def viewvalues(self): - "od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values" - return ValuesView(self) - - def viewitems(self): - "od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items" - return ItemsView(self) - - -# {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576611/ (r11) - -try: - from operator import itemgetter - from heapq import nlargest -except ImportError: - pass - - -class _Counter(dict): - - '''Dict subclass for counting hashable objects. Sometimes called a bag - or multiset. Elements are stored as dictionary keys and their counts - are stored as dictionary values. - - >>> Counter('zyzygy') - Counter({'y': 3, 'z': 2, 'g': 1}) - - ''' - - def __init__(self, iterable=None, **kwds): - '''Create a new, empty Counter object. And if given, count elements - from an input iterable. Or, initialize the count from another mapping - of elements to their counts. - - >>> c = Counter() # a new, empty counter - >>> c = Counter('gallahad') # a new counter from an iterable - >>> c = Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2}) # a new counter from a mapping - >>> c = Counter(a=4, b=2) # a new counter from keyword args - - ''' - self.update(iterable, **kwds) - - def __missing__(self, key): - return 0 - - def most_common(self, n=None): - '''List the n most common elements and their counts from the most - common to the least. If n is None, then list all element counts. - - >>> Counter('abracadabra').most_common(3) - [('a', 5), ('r', 2), ('b', 2)] - - ''' - if n is None: - return sorted(iteritems(self), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True) - return nlargest(n, iteritems(self), key=itemgetter(1)) - - def elements(self): - '''Iterator over elements repeating each as many times as its count. - - >>> c = Counter('ABCABC') - >>> sorted(c.elements()) - ['A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C'] - - If an element's count has been set to zero or is a negative number, - elements() will ignore it. - - ''' - for elem, count in iteritems(self): - for _ in range(count): - yield elem - - # Override dict methods where the meaning changes for Counter objects. - - @classmethod - def fromkeys(cls, iterable, v=None): - raise NotImplementedError( - 'Counter.fromkeys() is undefined. Use Counter(iterable) instead.') - - def update(self, iterable=None, **kwds): - '''Like dict.update() but add counts instead of replacing them. - - Source can be an iterable, a dictionary, or another Counter instance. - - >>> c = Counter('which') - >>> c.update('witch') # add elements from another iterable - >>> d = Counter('watch') - >>> c.update(d) # add elements from another counter - >>> c['h'] # four 'h' in which, witch, and watch - 4 - - ''' - if iterable is not None: - if hasattr(iterable, 'iteritems'): - if self: - self_get = self.get - for elem, count in iteritems(iterable): - self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) + count - else: - dict.update( - self, iterable) # fast path when counter is empty - else: - self_get = self.get - for elem in iterable: - self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) + 1 - if kwds: - self.update(kwds) - - def copy(self): - 'Like dict.copy() but returns a Counter instance instead of a dict.' - return Counter(self) - - def __delitem__(self, elem): - '''Like dict.__delitem__() but does not raise KeyError for missing - values.''' - if elem in self: - dict.__delitem__(self, elem) - - def __repr__(self): - if not self: - return '%s()' % self.__class__.__name__ - items = ', '.join(map('%r: %r'.__mod__, self.most_common())) - return '%s({%s})' % (self.__class__.__name__, items) - - # Multiset-style mathematical operations discussed in: - # Knuth TAOCP Volume II section 4.6.3 exercise 19 - # and at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset - # - # Outputs guaranteed to only include positive counts. - # - # To strip negative and zero counts, add-in an empty counter: - # c += Counter() - - def __add__(self, other): - '''Add counts from two counters. - - >>> Counter('abbb') + Counter('bcc') - Counter({'b': 4, 'c': 2, 'a': 1}) - - - ''' - if not isinstance(other, Counter): - return NotImplemented - result = Counter() - for elem in set(self) | set(other): - newcount = self[elem] + other[elem] - if newcount > 0: - result[elem] = newcount - return result - - def __sub__(self, other): - ''' Subtract count, but keep only results with positive counts. - - >>> Counter('abbbc') - Counter('bccd') - Counter({'b': 2, 'a': 1}) - - ''' - if not isinstance(other, Counter): - return NotImplemented - result = Counter() - for elem in set(self) | set(other): - newcount = self[elem] - other[elem] - if newcount > 0: - result[elem] = newcount - return result - - def __or__(self, other): - '''Union is the maximum of value in either of the input counters. - - >>> Counter('abbb') | Counter('bcc') - Counter({'b': 3, 'c': 2, 'a': 1}) - - ''' - if not isinstance(other, Counter): - return NotImplemented - _max = max - result = Counter() - for elem in set(self) | set(other): - newcount = _max(self[elem], other[elem]) - if newcount > 0: - result[elem] = newcount - return result - - def __and__(self, other): - ''' Intersection is the minimum of corresponding counts. - - >>> Counter('abbb') & Counter('bcc') - Counter({'b': 1}) - - ''' - if not isinstance(other, Counter): - return NotImplemented - _min = min - result = Counter() - if len(self) < len(other): - self, other = other, self - for elem in filter(self.__contains__, other): - newcount = _min(self[elem], other[elem]) - if newcount > 0: - result[elem] = newcount - return result - -if sys.version_info[:2] < (2, 7): - OrderedDict = _OrderedDict - Counter = _Counter -else: - from collections import OrderedDict, Counter - -# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4126348 -# Thanks to @martineau at SO - -from dateutil import parser as _date_parser -import dateutil -if LooseVersion(dateutil.__version__) < '2.0': - @functools.wraps(_date_parser.parse) - def parse_date(timestr, *args, **kwargs): - timestr = bytes(timestr) - return _date_parser.parse(timestr, *args, **kwargs) -else: - parse_date = _date_parser.parse - -class OrderedDefaultdict(OrderedDict): - - def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): - newdefault = None - newargs = () - if args: - newdefault = args[0] - if not (newdefault is None or callable(newdefault)): - raise TypeError('first argument must be callable or None') - newargs = args[1:] - self.default_factory = newdefault - super(self.__class__, self).__init__(*newargs, **kwargs) - - def __missing__(self, key): - if self.default_factory is None: - raise KeyError(key) - self[key] = value = self.default_factory() - return value - - def __reduce__(self): # optional, for pickle support - args = self.default_factory if self.default_factory else tuple() - return type(self), args, None, None, list(self.items()) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pycrypto_py3compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pycrypto_py3compat.py deleted file mode 100644 index 34e5224..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pycrypto_py3compat.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Util/py3compat.py : Compatibility code for handling Py3k / Python 2.x -# -# Written in 2010 by Thorsten Behrens -# -# =================================================================== -# The contents of this file are dedicated to the public domain. To -# the extent that dedication to the public domain is not available, -# everyone is granted a worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free, -# non-exclusive license to exercise all rights associated with the -# contents of this file for any purpose whatsoever. -# No rights are reserved. -# -# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, -# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF -# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND -# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS -# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN -# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN -# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE -# SOFTWARE. -# =================================================================== - -"""Compatibility code for handling string/bytes changes from Python 2.x to Py3k - -In Python 2.x, strings (of type ''str'') contain binary data, including encoded -Unicode text (e.g. UTF-8). The separate type ''unicode'' holds Unicode text. -Unicode literals are specified via the u'...' prefix. Indexing or slicing -either type always produces a string of the same type as the original. -Data read from a file is always of '''str'' type. - -In Python 3.x, strings (type ''str'') may only contain Unicode text. The u'...' -prefix and the ''unicode'' type are now redundant. A new type (called -''bytes'') has to be used for binary data (including any particular -''encoding'' of a string). The b'...' prefix allows one to specify a binary -literal. Indexing or slicing a string produces another string. Slicing a byte -string produces another byte string, but the indexing operation produces an -integer. Data read from a file is of '''str'' type if the file was opened in -text mode, or of ''bytes'' type otherwise. - -Since PyCrypto aims at supporting both Python 2.x and 3.x, the following helper -functions are used to keep the rest of the library as independent as possible -from the actual Python version. - -In general, the code should always deal with binary strings, and use integers -instead of 1-byte character strings. - -b(s) - Take a text string literal (with no prefix or with u'...' prefix) and - make a byte string. -bchr(c) - Take an integer and make a 1-character byte string. -bord(c) - Take the result of indexing on a byte string and make an integer. -tobytes(s) - Take a text string, a byte string, or a sequence of character taken from - a byte string and make a byte string. -""" - -__revision__ = "$Id$" - -import sys - -if sys.version_info[0] == 2: - def b(s): - return s - def bchr(s): - return chr(s) - def bstr(s): - return str(s) - def bord(s): - return ord(s) - if sys.version_info[1] == 1: - def tobytes(s): - try: - return s.encode('latin-1') - except: - return ''.join(s) - else: - def tobytes(s): - if isinstance(s, unicode): - return s.encode("latin-1") - else: - return ''.join(s) -else: - def b(s): - return s.encode("latin-1") # utf-8 would cause some side-effects we don't want - def bchr(s): - return bytes([s]) - def bstr(s): - if isinstance(s,str): - return bytes(s,"latin-1") - else: - return bytes(s) - def bord(s): - return s - def tobytes(s): - if isinstance(s,bytes): - return s - else: - if isinstance(s,str): - return s.encode("latin-1") - else: - return bytes(s) - -# vim:set ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 expandtab: diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py deleted file mode 100644 index aab8807..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,69 +0,0 @@ -""" -Python 3 compatibility tools. - -""" - -__all__ = ['bytes', 'asbytes', 'isfileobj', 'getexception', 'strchar', - 'unicode', 'asunicode', 'asbytes_nested', 'asunicode_nested', - 'asstr', 'open_latin1'] - -import sys - -if sys.version_info[0] >= 3: - import io - bytes = bytes - unicode = str - asunicode = str - def asbytes(s): - if isinstance(s, bytes): - return s - return s.encode('latin1') - def asstr(s): - if isinstance(s, str): - return s - return s.decode('latin1') - def asstr2(s): #added JP, not in numpy version - if isinstance(s, str): - return s - elif isinstance(s, bytes): - return s.decode('latin1') - else: - return str(s) - def isfileobj(f): - return isinstance(f, io.FileIO) - def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'): - return open(filename, mode=mode, encoding='iso-8859-1') - strchar = 'U' - from io import BytesIO, StringIO #statsmodels -else: - bytes = str - unicode = unicode - asbytes = str - asstr = str - asstr2 = str - strchar = 'S' - def isfileobj(f): - return isinstance(f, file) - def asunicode(s): - if isinstance(s, unicode): - return s - return s.decode('ascii') - def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'): - return open(filename, mode=mode) - from StringIO import StringIO - BytesIO = StringIO - -def getexception(): - return sys.exc_info()[1] - -def asbytes_nested(x): - if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)): - return [asbytes_nested(y) for y in x] - else: - return asbytes(x) - -def asunicode_nested(x): - if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)): - return [asunicode_nested(y) for y in x] - else: - return asunicode(x) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/Makefile b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 3607cbd..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ -# Makefile for Sphinx documentation -# - -# You can set these variables from the command line. -SPHINXOPTS = -SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build -PAPER = -BUILDDIR = build - -# Internal variables. -PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4 -PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter -ALLSPHINXOPTS = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) . -# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others -I18NSPHINXOPTS = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) source - -.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext - -help: - @echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of" - @echo " html to make standalone HTML files" - @echo " dirhtml to make HTML files named index.html in directories" - @echo " singlehtml to make a single large HTML file" - @echo " pickle to make pickle files" - @echo " json to make JSON files" - @echo " htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project" - @echo " qthelp to make HTML files and a qthelp project" - @echo " devhelp to make HTML files and a Devhelp project" - @echo " epub to make an epub" - @echo " latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter" - @echo " latexpdf to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex" - @echo " text to make text files" - @echo " man to make manual pages" - @echo " texinfo to make Texinfo files" - @echo " info to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo" - @echo " gettext to make PO message catalogs" - @echo " changes to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items" - @echo " linkcheck to check all external links for integrity" - @echo " doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)" - -clean: - -rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/* - -html: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html." - -dirhtml: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml." - -singlehtml: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml." - -pickle: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle - @echo - @echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files." - -json: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json - @echo - @echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files." - -htmlhelp: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp - @echo - @echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \ - ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp." - -qthelp: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp - @echo - @echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \ - ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:" - @echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/Python-Future.qhcp" - @echo "To view the help file:" - @echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/Python-Future.qhc" - -devhelp: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp - @echo - @echo "Build finished." - @echo "To view the help file:" - @echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/Python-Future" - @echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/Python-Future" - @echo "# devhelp" - -epub: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub." - -latex: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex - @echo - @echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." - @echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \ - "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)." - -latexpdf: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex - @echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..." - $(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf - @echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." - -text: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text." - -man: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man." - -texinfo: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo." - @echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \ - "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)." - -info: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo - @echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..." - make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info - @echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo." - -gettext: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale - @echo - @echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale." - -changes: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes - @echo - @echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes." - -linkcheck: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck - @echo - @echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \ - "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt." - -doctest: - $(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest - @echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \ - "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt." diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-32.ico b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-32.ico Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index e3f2cf7..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-32.ico +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-white-32.ico b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-white-32.ico Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 3fa3dab..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-white-32.ico +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 95ba682..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.png b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index c1f92a5..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.tiff b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.tiff Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index dcfba15..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.tiff +++ /dev/null diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/layout.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/layout.html deleted file mode 100644 index c979ab2..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/layout.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -{# Import the theme's layout. #} -{% extends "!layout.html" %} - -{% block extrahead %} -{{ super() }} -<script type="text/javascript"> - var _gaq = _gaq || []; - _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-19344199-2']); - _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); -</script> -{% endblock %} - -{% block footer %} -{{ super() }} -<div class="footer"> -<script type="text/javascript"> - (function() { - var ga = document.createElement('script'); - ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? - 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; - ga.setAttribute('async', 'true'); - document.documentElement.firstChild.appendChild(ga); - })(); -</script> -</div> -{% endblock %} - - -{# Import the theme's layout. #} - - -{# Include our new CSS file into existing ones. #} -{% set css_files = css_files + ['_static/my-styles.css'] %} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/navbar.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/navbar.html deleted file mode 100644 index b77fb76..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/navbar.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -<a href="https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future"><img style="position: absolute; top: 45px; right: 0; border: 0;" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/github/ribbons/forkme_right_orange_ff7600.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a> -<div id="navbar" class="{{ theme_navbar_class }} navbar-default {% if theme_navbar_fixed_top == 'true' -%} navbar-fixed-top{%- endif -%}"> - - <div class="container"> - - <div class="navbar-header"> - - <!-- .btn-navbar is used as the toggle for collapsed navbar content --> - <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse"> - <span class="icon-bar"></span> - <span class="icon-bar"></span> - <span class="icon-bar"></span> - </button> - - <a class="logo"> <img height="32" width="32" src="_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png" /></a> - <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">{% if theme_navbar_title -%}{{ theme_navbar_title|e }}{%- else -%}{{ project|e }}{%- endif -%}</a> - <span class="navbar-text navbar-version pull-left"><b>{{ version|e }}</b></span> - </div> - <div class="collapse navbar-collapse nav-collapse"> - <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> - <li class="divider-vertical"></li> - {% if theme_navbar_links %} - {%- for link in theme_navbar_links %} - <li><a href="{{ pathto(*link[1:]) }}">{{ link[0] }}</a></li> - {%- endfor %} - {% endif %} - {% block navbartoc %} - {% include "globaltoc.html" %} - {% if theme_navbar_pagenav %} - {% include "navbartoc.html" %} - {% endif %} - {% endblock %} - {% if theme_navbar_sidebarrel %} - {% block sidebarrel %} - {% include "relations.html" %} - {% endblock %} - {% endif %} - {% block navbarextra %} - {% endblock %} - {% if theme_source_link_position == "nav" %} - - <li>{%- if show_source and has_source and sourcename %} - <a href="{{ pathto('_sources/' + sourcename, true)|e }}" - rel="nofollow">{{ _('Source') }}</a> - {%- endif %} - </li> - - {% endif %} - </ul> - - {% block navbarsearch %} - {% include "navbarsearchbox.html" %} - {% endblock %} - - </div> - </div> - </div> diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html deleted file mode 100644 index e443322..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -<!--<h3>Python-Future</h3> -<p>--> - <h4>Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibility</h4> - <a href="http://python-future.org">Table of Contents</a> -<!-- -</p> -<h3>Other Formats</h3> -<p> - You can download the documentation in other formats as well: -</p> -<ul> - <li><a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/jinja-docs.pdf">as PDF</a> - <li><a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/jinja-docs.zip">as zipped HTML</a> -</ul> ---> -<!--<h3>Useful Links</h3> -<ul> - <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/future/">on PyPI</a></li> - <li><a href="https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future">on GitHub</a></li> -</ul> ---> diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html deleted file mode 100644 index cf875c3..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -<p class="logo"><a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}"> - <img class="logo" src="{{ pathto('_static/python-future-logo.png', 1) }}" width="150" alt="Logo"/> -</a></p> diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html deleted file mode 100644 index 0d119af..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -{{ toctree(maxdepth=theme_globaltoc_depth|toint, collapse=True, includehidden=theme_globaltoc_includehidden|tobool) }} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/LICENSE b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/LICENSE deleted file mode 100644 index 8daab7e..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/LICENSE +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -Copyright (c) 2010 by Armin Ronacher. - -Some rights reserved. - -Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of the theme, with or -without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -are met: - -* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - -* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above - copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following - disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided - with the distribution. - -* The names of the contributors may not be used to endorse or - promote products derived from this software without specific - prior written permission. - -We kindly ask you to only use these themes in an unmodified manner just -for Flask and Flask-related products, not for unrelated projects. If you -like the visual style and want to use it for your own projects, please -consider making some larger changes to the themes (such as changing -font faces, sizes, colors or margins). - -THIS THEME IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" -AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE -LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR -CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF -SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS -INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN -CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) -ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS THEME, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE -POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/README b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/README deleted file mode 100644 index b3292bd..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -Flask Sphinx Styles -=================== - -This repository contains sphinx styles for Flask and Flask related -projects. To use this style in your Sphinx documentation, follow -this guide: - -1. put this folder as _themes into your docs folder. Alternatively - you can also use git submodules to check out the contents there. -2. add this to your conf.py: - - sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('_themes')) - html_theme_path = ['_themes'] - html_theme = 'flask' - -The following themes exist: - -- 'flask' - the standard flask documentation theme for large - projects -- 'flask_small' - small one-page theme. Intended to be used by - very small addon libraries for flask. - -The following options exist for the flask_small theme: - - [options] - index_logo = '' filename of a picture in _static - to be used as replacement for the - h1 in the index.rst file. - index_logo_height = 120px height of the index logo - github_fork = '' repository name on github for the - "fork me" badge diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/layout.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/layout.html deleted file mode 100644 index b5b16d7..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/layout.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -{%- extends "basic/layout.html" %} -{%- block relbar2 %}{% endblock %} -{%- block footer %} - <div class="footer"> - © Copyright {{ copyright }}. - Docs created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a>. - </div> -{%- endblock %} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/relations.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/relations.html deleted file mode 100644 index 3bbcde8..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/relations.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -<h3>Related Topics</h3> -<ul> - <li><a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">Documentation overview</a><ul> - {%- for parent in parents %} - <li><a href="{{ parent.link|e }}">{{ parent.title }}</a><ul> - {%- endfor %} - {%- if prev %} - <li>Previous: <a href="{{ prev.link|e }}" title="{{ _('previous chapter') - }}">{{ prev.title }}</a></li> - {%- endif %} - {%- if next %} - <li>Next: <a href="{{ next.link|e }}" title="{{ _('next chapter') - }}">{{ next.title }}</a></li> - {%- endif %} - {%- for parent in parents %} - </ul></li> - {%- endfor %} - </ul></li> -</ul> diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t deleted file mode 100644 index 593da46..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t +++ /dev/null @@ -1,398 +0,0 @@ -/* - * future.css_t - * ~~~~~~~~~~~ - * - * Based on jinja.css_t. - * - * :copyright: Copyright 2011 by Armin Ronacher. - * :license: Flask Design License, see LICENSE for details. - */ - -@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oxygen); - -{% set page_width = '940px' %} -{% set sidebar_width = '220px' %} -{% set font_family = 'Geneva, sans serif' %} -{% set header_font_family = 'Oxygen, ' ~ font_family %} - -@import url("basic.css"); - -/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ - -body { - font-family: {{ font_family }}; - font-size: 17px; - background-color: white; - color: #000; - margin: 0; - padding: 0; -} - -div.document { - width: {{ page_width }}; - margin: 30px auto 0 auto; -} - -div.documentwrapper { - float: left; - width: 100%; -} - -div.bodywrapper { - margin: 0 0 0 {{ sidebar_width }}; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar { - width: {{ sidebar_width }}; -} - -hr { - border: 1px solid #B1B4B6; -} - -div.body { - background-color: #ffffff; - color: #3E4349; - padding: 0 30px 0 30px; -} - -img.floatingflask { - padding: 0 0 10px 10px; - float: right; -} - -div.footer { - width: {{ page_width }}; - margin: 20px auto 30px auto; - font-size: 14px; - color: #888; - text-align: right; -} - -div.footer a { - color: #888; -} - -div.related { - display: none; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar a { - color: #444; - text-decoration: none; - border-bottom: 1px dotted #999; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar a:hover { - border-bottom: 1px solid #999; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar { - font-size: 15px; - line-height: 1.5; -} - -div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { - padding: 18px 10px; -} - -div.sphinxsidebarwrapper p.logo { - padding: 0 0 20px 0; - margin: 0; - text-align: center; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar h3, -div.sphinxsidebar h4 { - font-family: {{ font_family }}; - color: #444; - font-size: 24px; - font-weight: normal; - margin: 0 0 5px 0; - padding: 0; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar h4 { - font-size: 20px; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar h3 a { - color: #444; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar p.logo a, -div.sphinxsidebar h3 a, -div.sphinxsidebar p.logo a:hover, -div.sphinxsidebar h3 a:hover { - border: none; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar p { - color: #555; - margin: 10px 0; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar ul { - margin: 10px 0; - padding: 0; - color: #000; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar input { - border: 1px solid #ccc; - font-family: {{ font_family }}; - font-size: 14px; -} - -div.sphinxsidebar form.search input[name="q"] { - width: 130px; -} - -/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */ - -a { - color: #aa0000; - text-decoration: underline; -} - -a:hover { - color: #dd0000; - text-decoration: underline; -} - -div.body h1, -div.body h2, -div.body h3, -div.body h4, -div.body h5, -div.body h6 { - font-family: {{ header_font_family }}; - font-weight: normal; - margin: 30px 0px 10px 0px; - padding: 0; - color: black; -} - -div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; font-size: 240%; } -div.body h2 { font-size: 180%; } -div.body h3 { font-size: 150%; } -div.body h4 { font-size: 130%; } -div.body h5 { font-size: 100%; } -div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; } - -a.headerlink { - color: #ddd; - padding: 0 4px; - text-decoration: none; -} - -a.headerlink:hover { - color: #444; - background: #eaeaea; -} - -div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li { - line-height: 1.4em; -} - -div.admonition { - background: #fafafa; 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-} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/theme.conf b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/theme.conf deleted file mode 100644 index 7a4d324..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/theme.conf +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -[theme] -inherit = basic -stylesheet = future.css diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/automatic_conversion.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/automatic_conversion.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 5c718da..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/automatic_conversion.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -.. _automatic-conversion: - -Automatic conversion to Py2/3 -============================= - -The ``future`` source tree includes scripts called ``futurize`` and -``pasteurize`` to aid in making Python 2 code or Python 3 code compatible with -both platforms (Py2/3) using the :mod:`future` module. These are based on -``lib2to3`` and use fixers from ``2to3``, ``3to2``, and ``python-modernize``. - -``futurize`` passes Python 2 code through all the appropriate fixers to turn it -into valid Python 3 code, and then adds ``__future__`` and ``future`` package -imports. - -For conversions from Python 3 code to Py2/3, use the ``pasteurize`` script -instead. This converts Py3-only constructs (e.g. new metaclass syntax) and adds -``__future__`` and ``future`` imports to the top of each module. - -In both cases, the result should be relatively clean Py3-style code that runs -mostly unchanged on both Python 2 and Python 3. - - -.. include:: futurize.rst - -.. include:: futurize_cheatsheet.rst - -.. include:: pasteurize.rst - -.. include:: conversion_limitations.rst diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bind_method.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bind_method.rst deleted file mode 100644 index d737384..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bind_method.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -.. _bind-method: - -Binding a method to a class ---------------------------- - -Python 2 draws a distinction between bound and unbound methods, whereas -in Python 3 this distinction is gone: unbound methods have been removed -from the language. To bind a method to a class compatibly across Python -3 and Python 2, you can use the :func:`bind_method` helper function:: - - from future.utils import bind_method - - class Greeter(object): - pass - - def greet(self, message): - print(message) - - bind_method(Greeter, 'greet', greet) - - g = Greeter() - g.greet('Hi!') - - -On Python 3, calling ``bind_method(cls, name, func)`` is equivalent to -calling ``setattr(cls, name, func)``. On Python 2 it is equivalent to:: - - import types - setattr(cls, name, types.MethodType(func, None, cls)) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bytes_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bytes_object.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 110280a..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bytes_object.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -.. _bytes-object: - -bytes ------ - -Handling ``bytes`` consistently and correctly has traditionally been one -of the most difficult tasks in writing a Py2/3 compatible codebase. This -is because the Python 2 :class:`bytes` object is simply an alias for -Python 2's :class:`str`, rather than a true implementation of the Python -3 :class:`bytes` object, which is substantially different. - -:mod:`future` contains a backport of the :mod:`bytes` object from Python 3 -which passes most of the Python 3 tests for :mod:`bytes`. (See -``tests/test_future/test_bytes.py`` in the source tree.) You can use it as -follows:: - - >>> from builtins import bytes - >>> b = bytes(b'ABCD') - -On Py3, this is simply the builtin :class:`bytes` object. On Py2, this -object is a subclass of Python 2's :class:`str` that enforces the same -strict separation of unicode strings and byte strings as Python 3's -:class:`bytes` object:: - - >>> b + u'EFGH' # TypeError - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - TypeError: argument can't be unicode string - - >>> bytes(b',').join([u'Fred', u'Bill']) - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - TypeError: sequence item 0: expected bytes, found unicode string - - >>> b == u'ABCD' - False - - >>> b < u'abc' - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - TypeError: unorderable types: bytes() and <type 'unicode'> - - -In most other ways, these :class:`bytes` objects have identical -behaviours to Python 3's :class:`bytes`:: - - b = bytes(b'ABCD') - assert list(b) == [65, 66, 67, 68] - assert repr(b) == "b'ABCD'" - assert b.split(b'B') == [b'A', b'CD'] - -Currently the easiest way to ensure identical behaviour of byte-strings -in a Py2/3 codebase is to wrap all byte-string literals ``b'...'`` in a -:func:`~bytes` call as follows:: - - from builtins import bytes - - # ... - - b = bytes(b'This is my bytestring') - - # ... - -This is not perfect, but it is superior to manually debugging and fixing -code incompatibilities caused by the many differences between Py3 bytes -and Py2 strings. - - -The :class:`bytes` type from :mod:`builtins` also provides support for the -``surrogateescape`` error handler on Python 2.x. Here is an example that works -identically on Python 2.x and 3.x:: - - >>> from builtins import bytes - >>> b = bytes(b'\xff') - >>> b.decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape') - '\udcc3' - -This feature is in alpha. Please leave feedback `here -<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues>`_ about whether this -works for you. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/changelog.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/changelog.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 059ad4f..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/changelog.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1124 +0,0 @@ -.. _whats-old: - -Changes in previous versions -**************************** - -Changes in the most recent major version are here: :ref:`whats-new`. - -.. _whats-new-0.14.x: - -Changes in version 0.14.3 (2014-12-15) -====================================== - -This is a bug-fix release: - -- Expose contents of ``thread`` (not ``dummy_thread``) as ``_thread`` on Py2 (Issue #124) -- Add signed support for ``newint.to_bytes()`` (Issue #128) -- Fix ``OrderedDict.clear()`` on Py2.6 (Issue #125) -- Improve ``newrange``: equality and slicing, start/stop/step properties, refactoring (Issues #129, #130) -- Minor doc updates - -Changes in version 0.14.2 (2014-11-21) -====================================== - -This is a bug-fix release: - -- Speed up importing of ``past.translation`` (Issue #117) -- ``html.escape()``: replace function with the more robust one from Py3.4 -- ``futurize``: avoid displacing encoding comments by ``__future__`` imports (Issues #97, #10, #121) -- ``futurize``: don't swallow exit code (Issue #119) -- Packaging: don't forcibly remove the old build dir in ``setup.py`` (Issue #108) -- Docs: update further docs and tests to refer to ``install_aliases()`` instead of - ``install_hooks()`` -- Docs: fix ``iteritems`` import error in cheat sheet (Issue #120) -- Tests: don't rely on presence of ``test.test_support`` on Py2 or ``test.support`` on Py3 (Issue #109) -- Tests: don't override existing ``PYTHONPATH`` for tests (PR #111) - -Changes in version 0.14.1 (2014-10-02) -====================================== - -This is a minor bug-fix release: - -- Docs: add a missing template file for building docs (Issue #108) -- Tests: fix a bug in error handling while reporting failed script runs (Issue #109) -- ``install_aliases()``: don't assume that the ``test.test_support`` module always - exists on Py2 (Issue #109) - - -Changes in version 0.14.0 (2014-10-02) -====================================== - -This is a major new release that offers a cleaner interface for most imports in -Python 2/3 compatible code. - -Instead of this interface:: - - >>> from future.builtins import str, open, range, dict - - >>> from future.standard_library import hooks - >>> with hooks(): - ... import queue - ... import configparser - ... import tkinter.dialog - ... # etc. - -You can now use the following interface for much Python 2/3 compatible code:: - - >>> # Alias for future.builtins on Py2: - >>> from builtins import str, open, range, dict - - >>> # Alias for future.moves.* on Py2: - >>> import queue - >>> import configparser - >>> import tkinter.dialog - >>> etc. - -Notice that the above code will run on Python 3 even without the presence of the -``future`` package. Of the 44 standard library modules that were refactored with -PEP 3108, 30 are supported with direct imports in this manner. (These are listed -here: :ref:`direct-imports`.) - -The other 14 standard library modules that kept the same top-level names in -Py3.x are not supported with this direct import interface on Py2. These include -the 5 modules in the Py3 ``urllib`` package. These modules are accessible through -the following interface (as well as the interfaces offered in previous versions -of ``python-future``):: - - from future.standard_library import install_aliases - install_aliases() - - from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString - import dbm.gnu - from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest - from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput - from sys import intern - import test.support - from urllib.request import urlopen - from urllib.parse import urlparse - # etc. - from collections import Counter, OrderedDict # backported to Py2.6 - -The complete list of packages supported with this interface is here: -:ref:`list-standard-library-refactored`. - -For more information on these and other interfaces to the standard library, see -:ref:`standard-library-imports`. - -Bug fixes ---------- - -- This release expands the ``future.moves`` package to include most of the remaining - modules that were moved in the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108). - (Issue #104) - -- This release also removes the broken ``--doctests_only`` option from the ``futurize`` - and ``pasteurize`` scripts for now. (Issue #103) - -Internal cleanups ------------------ - -The project folder structure has changed. Top-level packages are now in a -``src`` folder and the tests have been moved into a project-level ``tests`` -folder. - -The following deprecated internal modules have been removed (Issue #80): - -- ``future.utils.encoding`` and ``future.utils.six``. - -Deprecations ------------- - -The following internal functions have been deprecated and will be removed in a future release: - -- ``future.standard_library.scrub_py2_sys_modules`` -- ``future.standard_library.scrub_future_sys_modules`` - - -.. _whats-new-0.13.x: - -Changes in version 0.13.1 (2014-09-23) -====================================== - -This is a bug-fix release: - -- Fix (multiple) inheritance of ``future.builtins.object`` with metaclasses (Issues #91, #96) -- Fix ``futurize``'s refactoring of ``urllib`` imports (Issue #94) -- Fix ``futurize --all-imports`` (Issue #101) -- Fix ``futurize --output-dir`` logging (Issue #102) -- Doc formatting fix (Issues #98, #100) - - -Changes in version 0.13.0 (2014-08-13) -====================================== - -This is mostly a clean-up release. It adds some small new compatibility features -and fixes several bugs. - -Deprecations ------------- - -The following unused internal modules are now deprecated. They will be removed in a -future release: - -- ``future.utils.encoding`` and ``future.utils.six``. - -(Issue #80). See `here <http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Packaging:No_Bundled_Libraries>`_ -for the rationale for unbundling them. - - -New features ------------- - -- Docs: Add :ref:`compatible-idioms` from Ed Schofield's PyConAU 2014 talk. -- Add ``newint.to_bytes()`` and ``newint.from_bytes()``. (Issue #85) -- Add ``future.utils.raise_from`` as an equivalent to Py3's ``raise ... from - ...`` syntax. (Issue #86) -- Add ``past.builtins.oct()`` function. -- Add backports for Python 2.6 of ``subprocess.check_output()``, - ``itertools.combinations_with_replacement()``, and ``functools.cmp_to_key()``. - -Bug fixes ---------- - -- Use a private logger instead of the global logger in - ``future.standard_library`` (Issue #82). This restores compatibility of the - standard library hooks with ``flask``. (Issue #79) -- Stage 1 of ``futurize`` no longer renames ``next`` methods to ``__next__`` - (Issue #81). It still converts ``obj.next()`` method calls to - ``next(obj)`` correctly. -- Prevent introduction of a second set of parentheses in ``print()`` calls in - some further cases. -- Fix ``isinstance`` checks for subclasses of future types. (Issue #89) -- Be explicit about encoding file contents as UTF-8 in unit tests. (Issue #63) - Useful for building RPMs and in other environments where ``LANG=C``. -- Fix for 3-argument ``pow(x, y, z)`` with ``newint`` arguments. (Thanks to @str4d.) - (Issue #87) - - -.. _whats-new-0.12.4: - -Changes in version 0.12.4 (2014-07-18) -====================================== - -- Fix upcasting behaviour of ``newint``. (Issue #76) - - -.. _whats-new-0.12.3: - -Changes in version 0.12.3 (2014-06-19) -====================================== - -- Add "official Python 3.4 support": Py3.4 is now listed among the PyPI Trove - classifiers and the tests now run successfully on Py3.4. (Issue #67) - -- Add backports of ``collections.OrderedDict`` and - ``collections.Counter`` for Python 2.6. (Issue #52) - -- Add ``--version`` option for ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts. - (Issue #57) - -- Fix ``future.utils.ensure_new_type`` with ``long`` input. (Issue #65) - -- Remove some false alarms on checks for ambiguous fixer names with - ``futurize -f ...``. - -- Testing fixes: - - Don't hard-code Python interpreter command in tests. (Issue #62) - - Fix deprecated ``unittest`` usage in Py3. (Issue #62) - - Be explicit about encoding temporary file contents as UTF-8 for - when ``LANG=C`` (e.g., when building an RPM). (Issue #63) - - All undecorated tests are now passing again on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, - and 3.4 (thanks to Elliott Sales de Andrade). - -- Docs: - - Add list of fixers used by ``futurize``. (Issue #58) - - Add list of contributors to the Credits page. - -.. _whats-new-0.12.2: - -Changes in version 0.12.2 (2014-05-25) -====================================== - -- Add ``bytes.maketrans()`` method. (Issue #51) -- Add support for Python versions between 2.7.0 and 2.7.3 (inclusive). - (Issue #53) -- Bug fix for ``newlist(newlist([1, 2, 3]))``. (Issue #50) - - -.. _whats-new-0.12.1: - -Changes in version 0.12.1 (2014-05-14) -====================================== - -- Python 2.6 support: ``future.standard_library`` now isolates the ``importlib`` - dependency to one function (``import_``) so the ``importlib`` backport may - not be needed. - -- Doc updates - - -.. _whats-new-0.12: - -Changes in version 0.12.0 (2014-05-06) -====================================== - -The major new feature in this version is improvements in the support for the -reorganized standard library (PEP 3108) and compatibility of the import -mechanism with 3rd-party modules. - -More robust standard-library import hooks ------------------------------------------ - -**Note: backwards-incompatible change:** As previously announced (see -:ref:`deprecated-auto-import-hooks`), the import hooks must now be enabled -explicitly, as follows:: - - from future import standard_library - with standard_library.hooks(): - import html.parser - import http.client - ... - -This now causes these modules to be imported from ``future.moves``, a new -package that provides wrappers over the native Python 2 standard library with -the new Python 3 organization. As a consequence, the import hooks provided in -``future.standard_library`` are now fully compatible with the `Requests library -<http://python-requests.org>`_. - -The functional interface with ``install_hooks()`` is still supported for -backwards compatibility:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_hooks(): - - import html.parser - import http.client - ... - standard_library.remove_hooks() - -Explicit installation of import hooks allows finer-grained control -over whether they are enabled for other imported modules that provide their own -Python 2/3 compatibility layer. This also improves compatibility of ``future`` -with tools like ``py2exe``. - - -``newobject`` base object defines fallback Py2-compatible special methods -------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -There is a new ``future.types.newobject`` base class (available as -``future.builtins.object``) that can streamline Py2/3 compatible code by -providing fallback Py2-compatible special methods for its subclasses. It -currently provides ``next()`` and ``__nonzero__()`` as fallback methods on Py2 -when its subclasses define the corresponding Py3-style ``__next__()`` and -``__bool__()`` methods. - -This obviates the need to add certain compatibility hacks or decorators to the -code such as the ``@implements_iterator`` decorator for classes that define a -Py3-style ``__next__`` method. - -In this example, the code defines a Py3-style iterator with a ``__next__`` -method. The ``object`` class defines a ``next`` method for Python 2 that maps -to ``__next__``:: - - from future.builtins import object - - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # note the Py3 interface - return next(self._iter).upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - - assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO') - -``newobject`` defines other Py2-compatible special methods similarly: -currently these include ``__nonzero__`` (mapped to ``__bool__``) and -``__long__`` (mapped to ``__int__``). - -Inheriting from ``newobject`` on Python 2 is safe even if your class defines -its own Python 2-style ``__nonzero__`` and ``next`` and ``__long__`` methods. -Your custom methods will simply override those on the base class. - -On Python 3, as usual, ``future.builtins.object`` simply refers to ``builtins.object``. - - -``past.builtins`` module improved ---------------------------------- - -The ``past.builtins`` module is much more compatible with the corresponding -builtins on Python 2; many more of the Py2 unit tests pass on Py3. For example, -functions like ``map()`` and ``filter()`` now behave as they do on Py2 with with -``None`` as the first argument. - -The ``past.builtins`` module has also been extended to add Py3 support for -additional Py2 constructs that are not adequately handled by ``lib2to3`` (see -Issue #37). This includes new ``execfile()`` and ``cmp()`` functions. -``futurize`` now invokes imports of these functions from ``past.builtins``. - - -``surrogateescape`` error handler ---------------------------------- - -The ``newstr`` type (``future.builtins.str``) now supports a backport of the -Py3.x ``'surrogateescape'`` error handler for preserving high-bit -characters when encoding and decoding strings with unknown encodings. - - -``newlist`` type ----------------- - -There is a new ``list`` type in ``future.builtins`` that offers ``.copy()`` and -``.clear()`` methods like the ``list`` type in Python 3. - - -``listvalues`` and ``listitems`` --------------------------------- - -``future.utils`` now contains helper functions ``listvalues`` and -``listitems``, which provide Python 2-style list snapshotting semantics for -dictionaries in both Python 2 and Python 3. - -These came out of the discussion around Nick Coghlan's now-withdrawn PEP 469. - -There is no corresponding ``listkeys(d)`` function; use ``list(d)`` instead. - - -Tests ------ - -The number of unit tests has increased from 600 to over 800. Most of the new -tests come from Python 3.3's test suite. - - -Refactoring of ``future.standard_library.*`` -> ``future.backports`` --------------------------------------------------------------------- - -The backported standard library modules have been moved to ``future.backports`` -to make the distinction clearer between these and the new ``future.moves`` -package. - - -Backported ``http.server`` and ``urllib`` modules -------------------------------------------------- - -Alpha versions of backports of the ``http.server`` and ``urllib`` module from -Python 3.3's standard library are now provided in ``future.backports``. - -Use them like this:: - - from future.backports.urllib.request import Request # etc. - from future.backports.http import server as http_server - -Or with this new interface:: - - from future.standard_library import import_, from_import - - Request = from_import('urllib.request', 'Request', backport=True) - http = import_('http.server', backport=True) - -.. from future.standard_library.email import message_from_bytes # etc. -.. from future.standard_library.xmlrpc import client, server - - -Internal refactoring --------------------- - -The ``future.builtins.types`` module has been moved to ``future.types``. -Likewise, ``past.builtins.types`` has been moved to ``past.types``. The only -user-visible effect of this is to change ``repr(type(obj))`` for instances -of these types. For example:: - - >>> from future.builtins import bytes - >>> bytes(b'abc') - >>> type(b) - future.types.newbytes.newbytes - -Instead of:: - - >>> type(b) # prior to v0.12 - future.builtins.types.newbytes.newbytes - - -Bug fixes ---------- - -Many small improvements and fixes have been made across the project. Some highlights are: - -- Fixes and updates from Python 3.3.5 have been included in the backported - standard library modules. - -- Scrubbing of the ``sys.modules`` cache performed by ``remove_hooks()`` (also - called by the ``suspend_hooks`` and ``hooks`` context managers) is now more - conservative. - -.. Is this still true? -.. It now removes only modules with Py3 names (such as -.. ``urllib.parse``) and not the corresponding ``future.standard_library.*`` -.. modules (such as ``future.standard_library.urllib.parse``. - -- The ``fix_next`` and ``fix_reduce`` fixers have been moved to stage 1 of - ``futurize``. - -- ``futurize``: Shebang lines such as ``#!/usr/bin/env python`` and source code - file encoding declarations like ``# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-`` are no longer occasionally - displaced by ``from __future__ import ...`` statements. (Issue #10) - -- Improved compatibility with ``py2exe`` (`Issue #31 <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/31>`_). - -- The ``future.utils.bytes_to_native_str`` function now returns a platform-native string - object and ``future.utils.native_str_to_bytes`` returns a ``newbytes`` object on Py2. - (`Issue #47 <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/47>`_). - -- The backported ``http.client`` module and related modules use other new - backported modules such as ``email``. As a result they are more compliant - with the Python 3.3 equivalents. - - -.. _whats-new-0.11.4: - -Changes in version 0.11.4 (2014-05-25) -====================================== - -This release contains various small improvements and fixes: - -- This release restores Python 2.6 compatibility. (Issue #42) - -- The ``fix_absolute_import`` fixer now supports Cython ``.pyx`` modules. (Issue - #35) - -- Right-division with ``newint`` objects is fixed. (Issue #38) - -- The ``fix_dict`` fixer has been moved to stage2 of ``futurize``. - -- Calls to ``bytes(string, encoding[, errors])`` now work with ``encoding`` and - ``errors`` passed as positional arguments. Previously this only worked if - ``encoding`` and ``errors`` were passed as keyword arguments. - - -- The 0-argument ``super()`` function now works from inside static methods such - as ``__new__``. (Issue #36) - -- ``future.utils.native(d)`` calls now work for ``future.builtins.dict`` objects. - - -.. _whats-new-0.11.3: - -Changes in version 0.11.3 (2014-02-27) -====================================== - -This release has improvements in the standard library import hooks mechanism and -its compatibility with 3rd-party modules: - - -Improved compatibility with ``requests`` ----------------------------------------- - -The ``__exit__`` function of the ``hooks`` context manager and the -``remove_hooks`` function both now remove submodules of -``future.standard_library`` from the ``sys.modules`` cache. Therefore this code -is now possible on Python 2 and 3:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_hooks() - import http.client - standard_library.remove_hooks() - import requests - - data = requests.get('http://www.google.com') - - -Previously, this required manually removing ``http`` and ``http.client`` from -``sys.modules`` before importing ``requests`` on Python 2.x. (Issue #19) - -This change should also improve the compatibility of the standard library hooks -with any other module that provides its own Python 2/3 compatibility code. - -Note that the situation will improve further in version 0.12; import hooks will -require an explicit function call or the ``hooks`` context manager. - - -Conversion scripts explicitly install import hooks --------------------------------------------------- - -The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts now add an explicit call to -``install_hooks()`` to install the standard library import hooks. These scripts -now add these two lines:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_hooks() - -instead of just the first one. The next major version of ``future`` (0.12) will -require the explicit call or use of the ``hooks`` context manager. This will -allow finer-grained control over whether import hooks are enabled for other -imported modules, such as ``requests``, which provide their own Python 2/3 -compatibility code. - - -``futurize`` script no longer adds ``unicode_literals`` by default ------------------------------------------------------------------- - -There is a new ``--unicode-literals`` flag to ``futurize`` that adds the -import:: - - from __future__ import unicode_literals - -to the top of each converted module. Without this flag, ``futurize`` now no -longer adds this import. (Issue #22) - -The ``pasteurize`` script for converting from Py3 to Py2/3 still adds -``unicode_literals``. (See the comments in Issue #22 for an explanation.) - - -.. _whats-new-0.11: - -Changes in version 0.11 (2014-01-28) -==================================== - -There are several major new features in version 0.11. - - -``past`` package ----------------- - -The python-future project now provides a ``past`` package in addition to the -``future`` package. Whereas ``future`` provides improved compatibility with -Python 3 code to Python 2, ``past`` provides support for using and interacting -with Python 2 code from Python 3. The structure reflects that of ``future``, -with ``past.builtins`` and ``past.utils``. There is also a new -``past.translation`` package that provides transparent translation of Python 2 -code to Python 3. (See below.) - -One purpose of ``past`` is to ease module-by-module upgrades to -codebases from Python 2. Another is to help with enabling Python 2 libraries to -support Python 3 without breaking the API they currently provide. (For example, -user code may expect these libraries to pass them Python 2's 8-bit strings, -rather than Python 3's ``bytes`` object.) A third purpose is to help migrate -projects to Python 3 even if one or more dependencies are still on Python 2. - -Currently ``past.builtins`` provides forward-ports of Python 2's ``str`` and -``dict`` objects, ``basestring``, and list-producing iterator functions. In -later releases, ``past.builtins`` will be used internally by the -``past.translation`` package to help with importing and using old Python 2 -modules in a Python 3 environment. - - -Auto-translation of Python 2 modules upon import ------------------------------------------------- - -``past`` provides an experimental ``translation`` package to help -with importing and using old Python 2 modules in a Python 3 environment. - -This is implemented using import hooks that attempt to automatically -translate Python 2 modules to Python 3 syntax and semantics upon import. Use -it like this:: - - $ pip3 install plotrique==0.2.5-7 --no-compile # to ignore SyntaxErrors - $ python3 - -Then pass in a whitelist of module name prefixes to the -``past.translation.autotranslate()`` function. Example:: - - >>> from past.translation import autotranslate - >>> autotranslate(['plotrique']) - >>> import plotrique - - -This is intended to help you migrate to Python 3 without the need for all -your code's dependencies to support Python 3 yet. It should be used as a -last resort; ideally Python 2-only dependencies should be ported -properly to a Python 2/3 compatible codebase using a tool like -``futurize`` and the changes should be pushed to the upstream project. - -For more information, see :ref:`translation`. - - -Separate ``pasteurize`` script ------------------------------- - -The functionality from ``futurize --from3`` is now in a separate script called -``pasteurize``. Use ``pasteurize`` when converting from Python 3 code to Python -2/3 compatible source. For more information, see :ref:`backwards-conversion`. - - -``pow()`` ---------- - -There is now a ``pow()`` function in ``future.builtins.misc`` that behaves like -the Python 3 ``pow()`` function when raising a negative number to a fractional -power (returning a complex number). - - -``input()`` no longer disabled globally on Py2 ----------------------------------------------- - -Previous versions of ``future`` deleted the ``input()`` function from -``__builtin__`` on Python 2 as a security measure. This was because -Python 2's ``input()`` function allows arbitrary code execution and could -present a security vulnerability on Python 2 if someone expects Python 3 -semantics but forgets to import ``input`` from ``future.builtins``. This -behaviour has been reverted, in the interests of broadening the -compatibility of ``future`` with other Python 2 modules. - -Please remember to import ``input`` from ``future.builtins`` if you use -``input()`` in a Python 2/3 compatible codebase. - - -.. _deprecated-auto-import-hooks: - -Deprecated feature: auto-installation of standard-library import hooks ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Previous versions of ``python-future`` installed import hooks automatically upon -importing the ``standard_library`` module from ``future``. This has been -deprecated in order to improve robustness and compatibility with modules like -``requests`` that already perform their own single-source Python 2/3 -compatibility. - -As of v0.12, importing ``future.standard_library`` -will no longer install import hooks by default. Instead, please install the -import hooks explicitly as follows:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_hooks() - -And uninstall them after your import statements using:: - - standard_library.remove_hooks() - -*Note*: This is a backward-incompatible change. - - - -Internal changes ----------------- - -The internal ``future.builtins.backports`` module has been renamed to -``future.builtins.types``. This will change the ``repr`` of ``future`` -types but not their use. - - -.. _whats-new-0.10.2: - -Changes in version 0.10.2 (2014-01-11) -====================================== - -New context-manager interface to ``standard_library.hooks`` ------------------------------------------------------------ - -There is a new context manager ``future.standard_library.hooks``. Use it like -this:: - - from future import standard_library - with standard_library.hooks(): - import queue - import configserver - from http.client import HTTPConnection - # etc. - -If not using this context manager, it is now encouraged to add an explicit call to -``standard_library.install_hooks()`` as follows:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_hooks() - - import queue - import html - import http.client - # etc. - -And to remove the hooks afterwards with:: - - standard_library.remove_hooks() - -The functions ``install_hooks()`` and ``remove_hooks()`` were previously -called ``enable_hooks()`` and ``disable_hooks()``. The old names are -deprecated (but are still available as aliases). - -As usual, this feature has no effect on Python 3. - - -.. _whats-new-0.10: - -Changes in version 0.10.0 (2013-12-02) -====================================== - -Backported ``dict`` type ------------------------- - -``future.builtins`` now provides a Python 2 ``dict`` subclass whose -:func:`keys`, :func:`values`, and :func:`items` methods produce -memory-efficient iterators. On Python 2.7, these also have the same set-like -view behaviour as on Python 3. This can streamline code needing to iterate -over large dictionaries. For example:: - - from __future__ import print_function - from future.builtins import dict, range - - squares = dict({i: i**2 for i in range(10**7)}) - - assert not isinstance(d.items(), list) - # Because items() is memory-efficient, so is this: - square_roots = dict((i_squared, i) for (i, i_squared) in squares.items()) - -For more information, see :ref:`dict-object`. - - -Utility functions ``raise_`` and ``exec_`` ------------------------------------------- - -The functions ``raise_with_traceback()`` and ``raise_()`` were -added to ``future.utils`` to offer either the Python 3.x or Python 2.x -behaviour for raising exceptions. Thanks to Joel Tratner for the -contribution of these. ``future.utils.reraise()`` is now deprecated. - -A portable ``exec_()`` function has been added to ``future.utils`` from -``six``. - - -Bugfixes --------- -- Fixed ``newint.__divmod__`` -- Improved robustness of installing and removing import hooks in :mod:`future.standard_library` -- v0.10.1: Fixed broken ``pip install future`` on Py3 - - -.. _whats-new-0.9: - -Changes in version 0.9 (2013-11-06) -=================================== - - -``isinstance`` checks are supported natively with backported types ------------------------------------------------------------------- - -The ``isinstance`` function is no longer redefined in ``future.builtins`` -to operate with the backported ``int``, ``bytes`` and ``str``. -``isinstance`` checks with the backported types now work correctly by -default; we achieve this through overriding the ``__instancecheck__`` -method of metaclasses of the backported types. - -For more information, see :ref:`isinstance-calls`. - - -``futurize``: minimal imports by default ----------------------------------------- - -By default, the ``futurize`` script now only adds the minimal set of -imports deemed necessary. - -There is now an ``--all-imports`` option to the ``futurize`` script which -gives the previous behaviour, which is to add all ``__future__`` imports -and ``from future.builtins import *`` imports to every module. (This even -applies to an empty ``__init__.py`` file.) - - -Looser type-checking for the backported ``str`` object ------------------------------------------------------- - -Now the ``future.builtins.str`` object behaves more like the Python 2 -``unicode`` object with regard to type-checking. This is to work around some -bugs / sloppiness in the Python 2 standard library involving mixing of -byte-strings and unicode strings, such as ``os.path.join`` in ``posixpath.py``. - -``future.builtins.str`` still raises the expected ``TypeError`` exceptions from -Python 3 when attempting to mix it with ``future.builtins.bytes``. - - -``suspend_hooks()`` context manager added to ``future.standard_library`` ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Pychecker (as of v0.6.1)'s ``checker.py`` attempts to import the ``builtins`` -module as a way of determining whether Python 3 is running. Since this -succeeds when ``from future import standard_library`` is in effect, this -check does not work and pychecker sets the wrong value for its internal ``PY2`` -flag is set. - -To work around this, ``future`` now provides a context manager called -``suspend_hooks`` that can be used as follows:: - - from future import standard_library - ... - with standard_library.suspend_hooks(): - from pychecker.checker import Checker - - -.. _whats-new-0.8: - -Changes in version 0.8 (2013-10-28) -=================================== - -Python 2.6 support ------------------- - -``future`` now includes support for Python 2.6. - -To run the ``future`` test suite on Python 2.6, this additional package is needed:: - - pip install unittest2 - -``http.server`` also requires the ``argparse`` package:: - - pip install argparse - - -Unused modules removed ----------------------- - -The ``future.six`` module has been removed. ``future`` doesn't require ``six`` -(and hasn't since version 0.3). If you need support for Python versions before -2.6, ``six`` is the best option. ``future`` and ``six`` can be installed -alongside each other easily if needed. - -The unused ``hacks`` module has also been removed from the source tree. - - -``isinstance()`` added to :mod:`future.builtins` (v0.8.2) ---------------------------------------------------------- - -It is now possible to use ``isinstance()`` calls normally after importing ``isinstance`` from -``future.builtins``. On Python 2, this is specially defined to be compatible with -``future``'s backported ``int``, ``str``, and ``bytes`` types, as well as -handling Python 2's ``int``/``long`` distinction. - -The result is that code that uses ``isinstance`` to perform type-checking of -ints, strings, and bytes should now work identically on Python 2 as on Python 3. - -The utility functions ``isint``, ``istext``, and ``isbytes`` provided before for -compatible type-checking across Python 2 and 3 in :mod:`future.utils` are now -deprecated. - - -.. _changelog: - -Summary of all changes -====================== - -v0.15.0: - * Full backports of ``urllib.parse`` and other ``urllib`` submodules are exposed by ``install_aliases()``. - * ``tkinter.ttk`` support - * Initial ``surrogateescape`` support - * Additional backports: ``collections``, ``http`` constants, etc. - * Bug fixes - -v0.14.3: - * Bug fixes - -v0.14.2: - * Bug fixes - -v0.14.1: - * Bug fixes - -v0.14.0: - * New top-level ``builtins`` package on Py2 for cleaner imports. Equivalent to - ``future.builtins`` - * New top-level packages on Py2 with the same names as Py3 standard modules: - ``configparser``, ``copyreg``, ``html``, ``http``, ``xmlrpc``, ``winreg`` - -v0.13.1: - * Bug fixes - -v0.13.0: - * Cheat sheet for writing Python 2/3 compatible code - * ``to_int`` and ``from_int`` methods for ``newbytes`` - * Bug fixes - -v0.12.0: - * Add ``newobject`` and ``newlist`` types - * Improve compatibility of import hooks with ``Requests``, ``py2exe`` - * No more auto-installation of import hooks by ``future.standard_library`` - * New ``future.moves`` package - * ``past.builtins`` improved - * ``newstr.encode(..., errors='surrogateescape')`` supported - * Refactoring: ``future.standard_library`` submodules -> ``future.backports`` - * Refactoring: ``future.builtins.types`` -> ``future.types`` - * Refactoring: ``past.builtins.types`` -> ``past.types`` - * New ``listvalues`` and ``listitems`` functions in ``future.utils`` - * Many bug fixes to ``futurize``, ``future.builtins``, etc. - -v0.11.4: - * Restore Py2.6 compatibility - -v0.11.3: - * The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts add an explicit call to - ``future.standard_library.install_hooks()`` whenever modules affected by - PEP 3108 are imported. - - * The ``future.builtins.bytes`` constructor now accepts ``frozenset`` - objects as on Py3. - -v0.11.2: - * The ``past.translation.autotranslate`` feature now finds modules to import - more robustly and works with Python eggs. - -v0.11.1: - * Update to ``requirements_py26.txt`` for Python 2.6. Small updates to - docs and tests. - -v0.11: - * New ``past`` package with ``past.builtins`` and ``past.translation`` - modules. - -v0.10.2: - * Improvements to stdlib hooks. New context manager: - ``future.standard_library.hooks()``. - - * New ``raise_`` and ``raise_with_traceback`` functions in ``future.utils``. - -v0.10: - * New backported ``dict`` object with set-like ``keys``, ``values``, ``items`` - -v0.9: - * :func:`isinstance` hack removed in favour of ``__instancecheck__`` on the - metaclasses of the backported types - * ``futurize`` now only adds necessary imports by default - * Looser type-checking by ``future.builtins.str`` when combining with Py2 - native byte-strings. - -v0.8.3: - * New ``--all-imports`` option to ``futurize`` - * Fix bug with ``str.encode()`` with encoding as a non-keyword arg - -v0.8.2: - * New ``isinstance`` function in :mod:`future.builtins`. This obviates - and deprecates the utility functions for type-checking in :mod:`future.utils`. - -v0.8.1: - * Backported ``socketserver.py``. Fixes sporadic test failures with - ``http.server`` (related to threading and old-style classes used in Py2.7's - ``SocketServer.py``). - - * Move a few more safe ``futurize`` fixes from stage2 to stage1 - - * Bug fixes to :mod:`future.utils` - -v0.8: - * Added Python 2.6 support - - * Removed unused modules: :mod:`future.six` and :mod:`future.hacks` - - * Removed undocumented functions from :mod:`future.utils` - -v0.7: - * Added a backported Py3-like ``int`` object (inherits from ``long``). - - * Added utility functions for type-checking and docs about - ``isinstance`` uses/alternatives. - - * Fixes and stricter type-checking for ``bytes`` and ``str`` objects - - * Added many more tests for the ``futurize`` script - - * We no longer disable obsolete Py2 builtins by default with ``from - future.builtins import *``. Use ``from future.builtins.disabled - import *`` instead. - -v0.6: - * Added a backported Py3-like ``str`` object (inherits from Py2's ``unicode``) - - * Removed support for the form ``from future import *``; use ``from future.builtins import *`` instead - -v0.5.3: - * Doc improvements - -v0.5.2: - * Add lots of docs and a Sphinx project - -v0.5.1: - * Upgraded included ``six`` module (included as ``future.utils.six``) to v1.4.1 - - * :mod:`http.server` module backported - - * ``bytes.split()`` and ``.rsplit()`` bugfixes - -v0.5.0: - * Added backported Py3-like ``bytes`` object - -v0.4.2: - * Various fixes - -v0.4.1: - * Added :func:`open` (from :mod:`io` module on Py2) - * Improved docs - -v0.4.0: - * Added various useful compatibility functions to :mod:`future.utils` - - * Reorganized package: moved all builtins to :mod:`future.builtins`; moved - all stdlib things to ``future.standard_library`` - - * Renamed ``python-futurize`` console script to ``futurize`` - - * Moved ``future.six`` to ``future.utils.six`` and pulled the most relevant - definitions to :mod:`future.utils`. - - * More improvements to "Py3 to both" conversion (``futurize.py --from3``) - -v0.3.5: - * Fixed broken package setup ("package directory 'libfuturize/tests' does not exist") - -v0.3.4: - * Added ``itertools.zip_longest`` - - * Updated ``2to3_backcompat`` tests to use ``futurize.py`` - - * Improved ``libfuturize`` fixers: correct order of imports; add imports only when necessary (except ``absolute_import`` currently) - -v0.3.3: - * Added ``python-futurize`` console script - - * Added ``itertools.filterfalse`` - - * Removed docs about unfinished backports (``urllib`` etc.) - - * Removed old Py2 syntax in some files that breaks py3 ``setup.py install`` - -v0.3.2: - * Added ``test.support`` module - - * Added ``UserList``, ``UserString``, ``UserDict`` classes to ``collections`` module - - * Removed ``int`` -> ``long`` mapping - - * Added backported ``_markupbase.py`` etc. with new-style classes to fix travis-ci build problems - - * Added working ``html`` and ``http.client`` backported modules -v0.3.0: - * Generalized import hooks to allow dotted imports - - * Added backports of ``urllib``, ``html``, ``http`` modules from Py3.3 stdlib using ``future`` - - * Added ``futurize`` script for automatically turning Py2 or Py3 modules into - cross-platform Py3 modules - - * Renamed ``future.standard_library_renames`` to - ``future.standard_library``. (No longer just renames, but backports too.) - -v0.2.2.1: - * Small bug fixes to get tests passing on travis-ci.org - -v0.2.1: - * Small bug fixes - -v0.2.0: - * ``Features`` module renamed to ``modified_builtins`` - - * New functions added: :func:`round`, :func:`input` - - * No more namespace pollution as a policy:: - - from future import * - - should have no effect on Python 3. On Python 2, it only shadows the - builtins; it doesn't introduce any new names. - - * End-to-end tests with Python 2 code and ``2to3`` now work - -v0.1.0: - * first version with tests! - - * removed the inspect-module magic - -v0.0.x: - * initial releases. Use at your peril. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/compatible_idioms.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/compatible_idioms.rst deleted file mode 100644 index b0cb05a..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/compatible_idioms.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1457 +0,0 @@ -.. _compatible-idioms: - -Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible code -=============================================== - -- **Copyright (c):** 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia. -- **Author:** Ed Schofield. -- **Licence:** Creative Commons Attribution. - -A PDF version is here: http://python-future.org/compatible\_idioms.pdf - -This notebook shows you idioms for writing future-proof code that is -compatible with both versions of Python: 2 and 3. It accompanies Ed -Schofield's talk at PyCon AU 2014, "Writing 2/3 compatible code". (The -video is here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOqk8j11aAI&t=10m14s.) - -Minimum versions: - -- Python 2: 2.7+ -- Python 3: 3.4+ - -Setup ------ - -The imports below refer to these ``pip``-installable packages on PyPI: - -:: - - import future # pip install future - import builtins # pip install future - import past # pip install future - import six # pip install six - -The following scripts are also ``pip``-installable: - -:: - - futurize # pip install future - pasteurize # pip install future - -See http://python-future.org and https://pythonhosted.org/six/ for more -information. - -Essential syntax differences ----------------------------- - -print -~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - print 'Hello' -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - print('Hello') -To print multiple strings, import ``print_function`` to prevent Py2 from -interpreting it as a tuple: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - print 'Hello', 'Guido' -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from __future__ import print_function # (at top of module) - - print('Hello', 'Guido') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - print >> sys.stderr, 'Hello' -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from __future__ import print_function - - print('Hello', file=sys.stderr) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - print 'Hello', -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from __future__ import print_function - - print('Hello', end='') -Raising exceptions -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - raise ValueError, "dodgy value" -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - raise ValueError("dodgy value") -Raising exceptions with a traceback: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - traceback = sys.exc_info()[2] - raise ValueError, "dodgy value", traceback -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - raise ValueError("dodgy value").with_traceback() -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - from six import reraise as raise_ - # or - from future.utils import raise_ - - traceback = sys.exc_info()[2] - raise_(ValueError, "dodgy value", traceback) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from future.utils import raise_with_traceback - - raise_with_traceback(ValueError("dodgy value")) -Exception chaining (PEP 3134): - -.. code:: python - - # Setup: - class DatabaseError(Exception): - pass -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only - class FileDatabase: - def __init__(self, filename): - try: - self.file = open(filename) - except IOError as exc: - raise DatabaseError('failed to open') from exc -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from future.utils import raise_from - - class FileDatabase: - def __init__(self, filename): - try: - self.file = open(filename) - except IOError as exc: - raise_from(DatabaseError('failed to open'), exc) -.. code:: python - - # Testing the above: - try: - fd = FileDatabase('non_existent_file.txt') - except Exception as e: - assert isinstance(e.__cause__, IOError) # FileNotFoundError on Py3.3+ inherits from IOError -Catching exceptions -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - try: - ... - except ValueError, e: - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - try: - ... - except ValueError as e: - ... -Division -~~~~~~~~ - -Integer division (rounding down): - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - assert 2 / 3 == 0 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - assert 2 // 3 == 0 -"True division" (float division): - -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - assert 3 / 2 == 1.5 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from __future__ import division # (at top of module) - - assert 3 / 2 == 1.5 -"Old division" (i.e. compatible with Py2 behaviour): - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - a = b / c # with any types -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from past.utils import old_div - - a = old_div(b, c) # always same as / on Py2 -Long integers -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Short integers are gone in Python 3 and ``long`` has become ``int`` -(without the trailing ``L`` in the ``repr``). - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - k = 9223372036854775808L - - # Python 2 and 3: - k = 9223372036854775808 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - bigint = 1L - - # Python 2 and 3 - from builtins import int - bigint = int(1) -To test whether a value is an integer (of any kind): - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - if isinstance(x, (int, long)): - ... - - # Python 3 only: - if isinstance(x, int): - ... - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - from builtins import int # subclass of long on Py2 - - if isinstance(x, int): # matches both int and long on Py2 - ... - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from past.builtins import long - - if isinstance(x, (int, long)): - ... -Octal constants -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - 0644 # Python 2 only -.. code:: python - - 0o644 # Python 2 and 3 -Backtick repr -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - `x` # Python 2 only -.. code:: python - - repr(x) # Python 2 and 3 -Metaclasses -~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - class BaseForm(object): - pass - - class FormType(type): - pass -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - class Form(BaseForm): - __metaclass__ = FormType - pass -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - class Form(BaseForm, metaclass=FormType): - pass -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from six import with_metaclass - # or - from future.utils import with_metaclass - - class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)): - pass -Strings and bytes ------------------ - -Unicode (text) string literals -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -If you are upgrading an existing Python 2 codebase, it may be preferable -to mark up all string literals as unicode explicitly with ``u`` -prefixes: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - s1 = 'The Zen of Python' - s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\n' - - # Python 2 and 3 - s1 = u'The Zen of Python' - s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\n' -The ``futurize`` and ``python-modernize`` tools do not currently offer -an option to do this automatically. - -If you are writing code for a new project or new codebase, you can use -this idiom to make all string literals in a module unicode strings: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3 - from __future__ import unicode_literals # at top of module - - s1 = 'The Zen of Python' - s2 = 'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\n' -See http://python-future.org/unicode\_literals.html for more discussion -on which style to use. - -Byte-string literals -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - s = 'This must be a byte-string' - - # Python 2 and 3 - s = b'This must be a byte-string' -To loop over a byte-string with possible high-bit characters, obtaining -each character as a byte-string of length 1: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - for bytechar in 'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9': - ... - - # Python 3 only: - for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9': - bytechar = bytes([myint]) - - # Python 2 and 3: - from builtins import bytes - for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9'): - bytechar = bytes([myint]) -As an alternative, ``chr()`` and ``.encode('latin-1')`` can be used to -convert an int into a 1-char byte string: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9': - char = chr(myint) # returns a unicode string - bytechar = char.encode('latin-1') - - # Python 2 and 3: - from builtins import bytes, chr - for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9'): - char = chr(myint) # returns a unicode string - bytechar = char.encode('latin-1') # forces returning a byte str -basestring -~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - a = u'abc' - b = 'def' - assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring)) - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from past.builtins import basestring # pip install future - - a = u'abc' - b = b'def' - assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring)) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2: refactor the code to avoid considering - # byte-strings as strings. - - from builtins import str - a = u'abc' - b = b'def' - c = b.decode() - assert isinstance(a, str) and isinstance(c, str) - # ... -unicode -~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - templates = [u"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html" % unicode(slug)] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from builtins import str - templates = [u"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html" % str(slug)] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from builtins import str as text - templates = [u"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html" % text(slug)] -StringIO -~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from StringIO import StringIO - # or: - from cStringIO import StringIO - - # Python 2 and 3: - from io import BytesIO # for handling byte strings - from io import StringIO # for handling unicode strings -Imports relative to a package ------------------------------ - -Suppose the package is: - -:: - - mypackage/ - __init__.py - submodule1.py - submodule2.py - - -and the code below is in ``submodule1.py``: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - import submodule2 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from . import submodule2 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - # To make Py2 code safer (more like Py3) by preventing - # implicit relative imports, you can also add this to the top: - from __future__ import absolute_import -Dictionaries ------------- - -.. code:: python - - heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192} -Iterating through ``dict`` keys/values/items -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Iterable dict keys: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - for key in heights.iterkeys(): - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - for key in heights: - ... -Iterable dict values: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - for value in heights.itervalues(): - ... -.. code:: python - - # Idiomatic Python 3 - for value in heights.values(): # extra memory overhead on Py2 - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - from builtins import dict - - heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192) - for key in heights.values(): # efficient on Py2 and Py3 - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from future.utils import itervalues - # or - from six import itervalues - - for key in itervalues(heights): - ... -Iterable dict items: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - for (key, value) in heights.iteritems(): - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - for (key, value) in heights.items(): # inefficient on Py2 - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from future.utils import viewitems - - for (key, value) in viewitems(heights): # also behaves like a set - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 3 - from future.utils import iteritems - # or - from six import iteritems - - for (key, value) in iteritems(heights): - ... -dict keys/values/items as a list -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -dict keys as a list: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - keylist = heights.keys() - assert isinstance(keylist, list) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - keylist = list(heights) - assert isinstance(keylist, list) -dict values as a list: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192} - valuelist = heights.values() - assert isinstance(valuelist, list) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - valuelist = list(heights.values()) # inefficient on Py2 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from builtins import dict - - heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192) - valuelist = list(heights.values()) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 3 - from future.utils import listvalues - - valuelist = listvalues(heights) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 4 - from future.utils import itervalues - # or - from six import itervalues - - valuelist = list(itervalues(heights)) -dict items as a list: - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - itemlist = list(heights.items()) # inefficient on Py2 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from future.utils import listitems - - itemlist = listitems(heights) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 3 - from future.utils import iteritems - # or - from six import iteritems - - itemlist = list(iteritems(heights)) -Custom class behaviour ----------------------- - -Custom iterators -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def next(self): # Py2-style - return self._iter.next().upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - - itr = Upper('hello') - assert itr.next() == 'H' # Py2-style - assert list(itr) == list('ELLO') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - from builtins import object - - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface - return next(self._iter).upper() # builtin next() function calls - def __iter__(self): - return self - - itr = Upper('hello') - assert next(itr) == 'H' # compatible style - assert list(itr) == list('ELLO') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from future.utils import implements_iterator - - @implements_iterator - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface - return next(self._iter).upper() # builtin next() function calls - def __iter__(self): - return self - - itr = Upper('hello') - assert next(itr) == 'H' - assert list(itr) == list('ELLO') -Custom ``__str__`` methods -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - class MyClass(object): - def __unicode__(self): - return 'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50' - def __str__(self): - return unicode(self).encode('utf-8') - - a = MyClass() - print(a) # prints encoded string -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible - - @python_2_unicode_compatible - class MyClass(object): - def __str__(self): - return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50' - - a = MyClass() - print(a) # prints string encoded as utf-8 on Py2 - -.. parsed-literal:: - - Unicode string: 孔子 - - -Custom ``__nonzero__`` vs ``__bool__`` method: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - class AllOrNothing(object): - def __init__(self, l): - self.l = l - def __nonzero__(self): - return all(self.l) - - container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200]) - assert not bool(container) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from builtins import object - - class AllOrNothing(object): - def __init__(self, l): - self.l = l - def __bool__(self): - return all(self.l) - - container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200]) - assert not bool(container) -Lists versus iterators ----------------------- - -xrange -~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - for i in xrange(10**8): - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible - from builtins import range - for i in range(10**8): - ... -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: backward-compatible - from past.builtins import xrange - for i in xrange(10**8): - ... -range -~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - mylist = range(5) - assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 1 - mylist = list(range(5)) # copies memory on Py2 - assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 2 - from builtins import range - - mylist = list(range(5)) - assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 3 - from future.utils import lrange - - mylist = lrange(5) - assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: backward compatible - from past.builtins import range - - mylist = range(5) - assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] -map -~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist) - assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - # Idiomatic Py3, but inefficient on Py2 - mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist)) - assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from builtins import map - - mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist)) - assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 3 - try: - import itertools.imap as map - except ImportError: - pass - - mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist)) # inefficient on Py2 - assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 4 - from future.utils import lmap - - mynewlist = lmap(f, myoldlist) - assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist] -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 5 - from past.builtins import map - - mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist) - assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist] -imap -~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from itertools import imap - - myiter = imap(func, myoldlist) - assert isinstance(myiter, iter) -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - myiter = map(func, myoldlist) - assert isinstance(myiter, iter) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - from builtins import map - - myiter = map(func, myoldlist) - assert isinstance(myiter, iter) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - try: - import itertools.imap as map - except ImportError: - pass - - myiter = map(func, myoldlist) - assert isinstance(myiter, iter) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 3 - from six.moves import map - - myiter = map(func, myoldlist) - assert isinstance(myiter, iter) - -zip, izip -~~~~~~~~~ - -As above with ``zip`` and ``itertools.izip``. - -filter, ifilter -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -As above with ``filter`` and ``itertools.ifilter`` too. - -Other builtins --------------- - -File IO with open() -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - f = open('myfile.txt') - data = f.read() # as a byte string - text = data.decode('utf-8') - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from io import open - f = open('myfile.txt', 'rb') - data = f.read() # as bytes - text = data.decode('utf-8') # unicode, not bytes - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from io import open - f = open('myfile.txt', encoding='utf-8') - text = f.read() # unicode, not bytes -reduce() -~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from functools import reduce - - assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5 -raw\_input() -~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - name = raw_input('What is your name? ') - assert isinstance(name, str) # native str -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from builtins import input - - name = input('What is your name? ') - assert isinstance(name, str) # native str on Py2 and Py3 -input() -~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - input("Type something safe please: ") -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3 - from builtins import input - eval(input("Type something safe please: ")) -Warning: using either of these is **unsafe** with untrusted input. - -file() -~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - f = file(pathname) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - f = open(pathname) - - # But preferably, use this: - from io import open - f = open(pathname, 'rb') # if f.read() should return bytes - # or - f = open(pathname, 'rt') # if f.read() should return unicode text -exec -~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - exec 'x = 10' - - # Python 2 and 3: - exec('x = 10') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - g = globals() - exec 'x = 10' in g - - # Python 2 and 3: - g = globals() - exec('x = 10', g) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - l = locals() - exec 'x = 10' in g, l - - # Python 2 and 3: - exec('x = 10', g, l) -execfile() -~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - execfile('myfile.py') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from past.builtins import execfile - - execfile('myfile.py') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - exec(compile(open('myfile.py').read())) - - # This can sometimes cause this: - # SyntaxError: function ... uses import * and bare exec ... - # See https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/37 -unichr() -~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - assert unichr(8364) == '€' -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - assert chr(8364) == '€' -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from builtins import chr - assert chr(8364) == '€' -intern() -~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - intern('mystring') -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - from sys import intern - intern('mystring') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from past.builtins import intern - intern('mystring') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from six.moves import intern - intern('mystring') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3 - from future.standard_library import install_aliases - install_aliases() - from sys import intern - intern('mystring') -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - try: - from sys import intern - except ImportError: - pass - intern('mystring') -apply() -~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - args = ('a', 'b') - kwargs = {'kwarg1': True} -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - apply(f, args, kwargs) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - f(*args, **kwargs) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from past.builtins import apply - apply(f, args, kwargs) -chr() -~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - assert chr(64) == b'@' - assert chr(200) == b'\xc8' -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: option 1 - assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@' - assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\xc8' -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 1 - from builtins import chr - - assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@' - assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\xc8' -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: option 2 - assert bytes([64]) == b'@' - assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\xc8' -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: option 2 - from builtins import bytes - - assert bytes([64]) == b'@' - assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\xc8' -cmp() -~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from past.builtins import cmp - assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0 -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - cmp = lambda(x, y): (x > y) - (x < y) - assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0 -reload() -~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - reload(mymodule) -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3 - from imp import reload - reload(mymodule) -Standard library ----------------- - -dbm modules -~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - import anydbm - import whichdb - import dbm - import dumbdbm - import gdbm - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - - import dbm - import dbm.ndbm - import dbm.dumb - import dbm.gnu - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from future.moves import dbm - from future.moves.dbm import dumb - from future.moves.dbm import ndbm - from future.moves.dbm import gnu - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3 - from six.moves import dbm_gnu - # (others not supported) -commands / subprocess modules -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - from commands import getoutput, getstatusoutput - - # Python 2 and 3 - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - - from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput -StringIO module -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only - from StringIO import StringIO - from cStringIO import StringIO -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3 - from io import BytesIO - # and refactor StringIO() calls to BytesIO() if passing byte-strings -http module -~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - import httplib - import Cookie - import cookielib - import BaseHTTPServer - import SimpleHTTPServer - import CGIHttpServer - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - import http.client - import http.cookies - import http.cookiejar - import http.server -xmlrpc module -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - import DocXMLRPCServer - import SimpleXMLRPCServer - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - import xmlrpc.server -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - import xmlrpclib - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - import xmlrpc.client -html escaping and entities -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: - from cgi import escape - - # Safer (Python 2 and 3, after ``pip install future``): - from html import escape - - # Python 2 only: - from htmlentitydefs import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - from html.entities import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint -html parsing -~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from HTMLParser import HTMLParser - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``) - from html.parser import HTMLParser - - # Python 2 and 3 (alternative 2): - from future.moves.html.parser import HTMLParser -urllib module -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -``urllib`` is the hardest module to use from Python 2/3 compatible code. -You might want to switch to Requests (http://python-requests.org) instead. - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from urlparse import urlparse - from urllib import urlencode - from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError -.. code:: python - - # Python 3 only: - from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode - from urllib.request import urlopen, Request - from urllib.error import HTTPError -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: easiest option - from future.standard_library import install_aliases - install_aliases() - - from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode - from urllib.request import urlopen, Request - from urllib.error import HTTPError -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from future.standard_library import hooks - - with hooks(): - from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode - from urllib.request import urlopen, Request - from urllib.error import HTTPError -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3 - from future.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode - from future.moves.urllib.request import urlopen, Request - from future.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError - # or - from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode - from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen - from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 4 - try: - from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode - from urllib.request import urlopen, Request - from urllib.error import HTTPError - except ImportError: - from urlparse import urlparse - from urllib import urlencode - from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError -Tkinter -~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - import Tkinter - import Dialog - import FileDialog - import ScrolledText - import SimpleDialog - import Tix - import Tkconstants - import Tkdnd - import tkColorChooser - import tkCommonDialog - import tkFileDialog - import tkFont - import tkMessageBox - import tkSimpleDialog - import ttk - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - import tkinter - import tkinter.dialog - import tkinter.filedialog - import tkinter.scrolledtext - import tkinter.simpledialog - import tkinter.tix - import tkinter.constants - import tkinter.dnd - import tkinter.colorchooser - import tkinter.commondialog - import tkinter.filedialog - import tkinter.font - import tkinter.messagebox - import tkinter.simpledialog - import tkinter.ttk -socketserver -~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - import SocketServer - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - import socketserver -copy\_reg, copyreg -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - import copy_reg - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - import copyreg -configparser -~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from ConfigParser import ConfigParser - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install configparser``): - from configparser import ConfigParser -queue -~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from Queue import Queue, heapq, deque - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - from queue import Queue, heapq, deque -repr, reprlib -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from repr import aRepr, repr - - # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``): - from reprlib import aRepr, repr -UserDict, UserList, UserString -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from UserDict import UserDict - from UserList import UserList - from UserString import UserString - - # Python 3 only: - from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from future.moves.collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from six.moves import UserDict, UserList, UserString - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3 - from future.standard_library import install_aliases - install_aliases() - from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString -itertools: filterfalse, zip\_longest -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -.. code:: python - - # Python 2 only: - from itertools import ifilterfalse, izip_longest - - # Python 3 only: - from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1 - from future.moves.itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2 - from six.moves import filterfalse, zip_longest - - # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3 - from future.standard_library import install_aliases - install_aliases() - from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conf.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conf.py deleted file mode 100644 index fd106fa..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conf.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,332 +0,0 @@ -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Python-Future documentation build configuration file, created by -# sphinx-quickstart on Sun Sep 22 07:02:03 2013. -# -# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir. -# -# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this -# autogenerated file. -# -# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out -# serve to show the default. - -from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function -import sys, os -from future import __version__ -import sphinx_bootstrap_theme - -# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, -# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the -# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. -#sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.')) -# Was: sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) - -# -- General configuration ----------------------------------------------------- - -# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here. -#needs_sphinx = '1.0' - -# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions -# coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones. -extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', - 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx', - 'sphinx.ext.ifconfig', - 'sphinx.ext.viewcode', - # 'sphinxcontrib.napoleon' # see https://sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/ - # 'sphinx.ext.napoleon' # use this in Sphinx 1.3+ - ] - -# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. -templates_path = ['_templates'] - -# The suffix of source filenames. -source_suffix = '.rst' - -# The encoding of source files. -#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig' - -# The master toctree document. -master_doc = 'index' - -# General information about the project. -project = u'Python-Future' -copyright = u'2013-2019, Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia' - -# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for -# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the -# built documents. -# -# if 'dev' in release: -# release = release.split('dev')[0] + 'dev' -# release = '0.12.5-dev' -# version = release # was: '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2]) - -# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation -# for a list of supported languages. -#language = None - -# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some -# non-false value, then it is used: -#today = '' -# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call. -#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y' - -# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and -# directories to ignore when looking for source files. -exclude_patterns = ['_build'] - -# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents. -#default_role = None - -# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text. -#add_function_parentheses = True - -# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description -# unit titles (such as .. function::). -#add_module_names = True - -# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the -# output. They are ignored by default. -#show_authors = False - -# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. -pygments_style = 'sphinx' # 'futureext.FutureStyle' - -# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting. -#modindex_common_prefix = [] - - -# -- Options for HTML output --------------------------------------------------- - -# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for -# a list of builtin themes. -html_theme = 'bootstrap' -html_theme_path = sphinx_bootstrap_theme.get_html_theme_path() - -# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme -# further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the -# documentation. -html_theme_options = { - # Navigation bar title. (Default: ``project`` value) - #'navbar_title': "Python-Future", - - # Tab name for entire site. (Default: "Site") - 'navbar_site_name': "Contents", - - # A list of tuples containing pages or urls to link to. - # Valid tuples should be in the following forms: - # (name, page) # a link to a page - # (name, "/aa/bb", 1) # a link to an arbitrary relative url - # (name, "http://example.com", True) # arbitrary absolute url - # Note the "1" or "True" value above as the third argument to indicate - # an arbitrary url. - 'navbar_links': [ - ("Overview", "overview"), - ("Cheat Sheet", "compatible_idioms.html", True), - ("FAQ", "faq.html", True), - # ("Link", "http://example.com", True), - ], - - # Render the next and previous page links in navbar. (Default: true) - 'navbar_sidebarrel': False, - - # Render the current pages TOC in the navbar. (Default: true) - 'navbar_pagenav': True, - - # Global TOC depth for "site" navbar tab. (Default: 1) - # Switching to -1 shows all levels. - 'globaltoc_depth': 3, - - # Include hidden TOCs in Site navbar? - # - # Note: If this is "false", you cannot have mixed ``:hidden:`` and - # non-hidden ``toctree`` directives in the same page, or else the build - # will break. - # - # Values: "true" (default) or "false" - 'globaltoc_includehidden': "true", - - # HTML navbar class (Default: "navbar") to attach to <div> element. - # For black navbar, do "navbar navbar-inverse" - 'navbar_class': "navbar navbar-inverse", - - # Fix navigation bar to top of page? - # Values: "true" (default) or "false" - 'navbar_fixed_top': "true", - - # Location of link to source. - # Options are "nav" (default), "footer" or anything else to exclude. - 'source_link_position': "none", - - # Bootswatch (http://bootswatch.com/) theme. - # - # Options are nothing with "" (default) or the name of a valid theme - # such as "amelia" or "cosmo" or "united". - 'bootswatch_theme': "cerulean", - - # Choose Bootstrap version. - # Values: "3" (default) or "2" (in quotes) - 'bootstrap_version': "3", -} - - -# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory. -#html_theme_path = [] - -# The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to -# "<project> v<release> documentation". -#html_title = None - -# A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as html_title. -#html_short_title = None - -# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top -# of the sidebar. -html_logo = '_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png' - -# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the -# docs. This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32 -# pixels large. -html_favicon = "_static/python-future-icon-32.ico" - -# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, -# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, -# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". -html_static_path = ['_static'] - -# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom, -# using the given strftime format. -#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y' - -# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to -# typographically correct entities. -#html_use_smartypants = True - -# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names. -html_sidebars = { - '**': ['sidebarintro.html', - 'sidebartoc.html', - # 'sourcelink.html', - #'searchbox.html', - ] - # '**': ['sidebarlogo.html', 'localtoc.html', 'relations.html', 'sourcelink.html', 'searchbox.html'] -} - -# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to -# template names. -#html_additional_pages = {} - -# If false, no module index is generated. -#html_domain_indices = True - -# If false, no index is generated. -#html_use_index = True - -# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter. -#html_split_index = False - -# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages. -html_show_sourcelink = False - -# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. -html_show_sphinx = False - -# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. -#html_show_copyright = True - -# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will -# contain a <link> tag referring to it. The value of this option must be the -# base URL from which the finished HTML is served. -#html_use_opensearch = '' - -# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml"). -#html_file_suffix = None - -# Output file base name for HTML help builder. -htmlhelp_basename = 'Futuredoc' - - -# -- Options for LaTeX output -------------------------------------------------- - -latex_elements = { -# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper'). -'papersize': 'a4paper', - -# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt'). -'pointsize': '12pt', - -# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble. -#'preamble': r''' -#\usepackage{futurestyle} -#''', - -# 'fontpkg': r'\usepackage{mathpazo}', -} - -# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples -# (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]). -latex_documents = [ - ('index', 'Python-Future.tex', u'Python-Future Documentation', - u'Python Charmers', 'manual'), -] - -# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of -# the title page. -#latex_logo = None - -# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts, -# not chapters. -latex_use_parts = True - -# latex_additional_files = ['futurestyle.sty', 'logo.pdf'] - -# If true, show page references after internal links. -#latex_show_pagerefs = False - -# If true, show URL addresses after external links. -#latex_show_urls = False - -# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. -#latex_appendices = [] - -# If false, no module index is generated. -#latex_domain_indices = True - - -# -- Options for manual page output -------------------------------------------- - -# One entry per manual page. List of tuples -# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section). -man_pages = [ - ('index', 'python-future', u'Python-Future Documentation', - [u'Python Charmers'], 1) -] - -# If true, show URL addresses after external links. -#man_show_urls = False - - -# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------ - -# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples -# (source start file, target name, title, author, -# dir menu entry, description, category) -texinfo_documents = [ - ('index', 'Python-Future', u'Python-Future Documentation', - u'Python Charmers', 'Python-Future', 'Easy compatibility for Python 2 and 3', - 'Miscellaneous'), -] - -# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. -#texinfo_appendices = [] - -# If false, no module index is generated. -#texinfo_domain_indices = True - -# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'. -#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote' - - -# Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library. -intersphinx_mapping = {'http://docs.python.org/': None} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/contents.rst.inc b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/contents.rst.inc deleted file mode 100644 index 7c9bbf2..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/contents.rst.inc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -Contents: ---------- - -.. toctree:: - :maxdepth: 2 - - whatsnew - overview - quickstart - compatible_idioms - imports - what_else - automatic_conversion - faq - stdlib_incompatibilities - older_interfaces - changelog - credits - reference - -Indices and tables ------------------- - -* :ref:`genindex` -* :ref:`modindex` -* :ref:`search` diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conversion_limitations.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conversion_limitations.rst deleted file mode 100644 index c2b1530..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conversion_limitations.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -.. _futurize-limitations: - -Known limitations ------------------ - -``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` are useful to automate much of the -work of porting, particularly the boring repetitive text substitutions. They also -help to flag which parts of the code require attention. - -Nevertheless, ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` are still incomplete and make -some mistakes, like 2to3, on which they are based. Please report bugs on -`GitHub <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/>`_. Contributions to -the ``lib2to3``-based fixers for ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` are -particularly welcome! Please see :ref:`contributing`. - -``futurize`` doesn't currently make the following change automatically: - -1. Strings containing ``\U`` produce a ``SyntaxError`` on Python 3. An example is:: - - s = 'C:\Users'. - - Python 2 expands this to ``s = 'C:\\Users'``, but Python 3 requires a raw - prefix (``r'...'``). This also applies to multi-line strings (including - multi-line docstrings). - -Also see the tests in ``future/tests/test_futurize.py`` marked -``@expectedFailure`` or ``@skip`` for known limitations. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/credits.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/credits.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 275e148..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/credits.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,151 +0,0 @@ -Licensing and credits -===================== - -.. _licence: - -Licence -------- -The software is distributed under an MIT licence. The text is as follows -(from ``LICENSE.txt``):: - - Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia - - Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy - of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal - in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights - to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell - copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is - furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: - - The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in - all copies or substantial portions of the Software. - - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR - IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, - FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE - AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER - LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, - OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN - THE SOFTWARE. - -.. _sponsor: - -Sponsors --------- -Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia, and Python Charmers Pte Ltd, Singapore. -http://pythoncharmers.com - -Pinterest https://opensource.pinterest.com/ - -.. _authors: - -Maintainer ----------- -Python-Future is currently maintained by Jordan M. Adler <jordan.m.adler@gmail.com>. - -Authors -------- -Python-Future is largely written by Ed Schofield <ed@pythoncharmers.com> with the help of various contributors: - -- Jordan Adler -- Jeroen Akkerman -- Kyle Altendorf -- Grant Bakker -- Jacob Beck -- Fumihiro (Ben) Bessho -- Shiva Bhusal -- Nate Bogdanowicz -- Tomer Chachamu -- Christian Clauss -- Denis Cornehl -- Nicolas Delaby -- Chad Dombrova -- Jon Dufresne -- Corey Farwell -- Eric Firing -- Joe Gordon -- Maximilian Hils -- Miro Hrončok -- Mark Huang -- Martijn Jacobs -- Michael Joseph -- Waldemar Kornewald -- Alexey Kotlyarov -- Steve Kowalik -- Lion Krischer -- Marcin Kuzminski -- Joshua Landau -- German Larrain -- Chris Lasher -- ghanshyam lele -- Calum Lind -- Tobias Megies -- Anika Mukherji -- Jon Parise -- Matthew Parnell -- Tom Picton -- Miga Purg -- Éloi Rivard -- Sesh Sadasivam -- Elliott Sales de Andrade -- Aiden Scandella -- Yury Selivanov -- Tim Shaffer -- Sameera Somisetty -- Louis Sautier -- Gregory P. Smith -- Chase Sterling -- Daniel Szoska -- Flaviu Tamas -- Jeff Tratner -- Tim Tröndle -- Brad Walker -- Andrew Wason -- Jeff Widman -- Dan Yeaw -- Hackalog (GitHub user) -- lsm (GiHub user) -- Mystic-Mirage (GitHub user) -- str4d (GitHub user) -- ucodery (GitHub user) -- urain39 (GitHub user) -- 9seconds (GitHub user) -- Varriount (GitHub user) - -Suggestions and Feedback -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- Chris Adams -- Martijn Faassen -- Joe Gordon -- Lion Krischer -- Danielle Madeley -- Val Markovic -- wluebbe (GitHub user) - - -Other Credits -------------- - -- The backported ``super()`` and ``range()`` functions are derived from Ryan - Kelly's ``magicsuper`` module and Dan Crosta's ``xrange`` module. - -- The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts use ``lib2to3``, ``lib3to2``, and - parts of Armin Ronacher's ``python-modernize`` code. - -- The ``python_2_unicode_compatible`` decorator is from Django. The - ``implements_iterator`` and ``with_metaclass`` decorators are from Jinja2. - -- The ``exec_`` function and some others in ``future.utils`` are from the - ``six`` module by Benjamin Peterson. - -- The ``raise_`` and ``raise_with_traceback`` functions were contributed by - Jeff Tratner. - -- A working version of ``raise_from`` was contributed by Varriount (GitHub). - -- Documentation is generated with `Sphinx <http://sphinx.pocoo.org>`_ using the - ``sphinx-bootstrap`` theme. - -- ``past.translation`` is inspired by and borrows some code from Sanjay Vinip's - ``uprefix`` module. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_iterators.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_iterators.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 6ff389a..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_iterators.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ -.. _custom-iterators: - -Custom iterators ----------------- - -If you define your own iterators, there is an incompatibility in the method name -to retrieve the next item across Py3 and Py2. On Python 3 it is ``__next__``, -whereas on Python 2 it is ``next``. - -The most elegant solution to this is to derive your custom iterator class from -``builtins.object`` and define a ``__next__`` method as you normally -would on Python 3. On Python 2, ``object`` then refers to the -``future.types.newobject`` base class, which provides a fallback ``next`` -method that calls your ``__next__``. Use it as follows:: - - from builtins import object - - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface - return next(self._iter).upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - - itr = Upper('hello') - assert next(itr) == 'H' - assert next(itr) == 'E' - assert list(itr) == list('LLO') - - -You can use this approach unless you are defining a custom iterator as a -subclass of a base class defined elsewhere that does not derive from -``newobject``. In that case, you can provide compatibility across -Python 2 and Python 3 using the ``next`` function from ``future.builtins``:: - - from builtins import next - - from some_module import some_base_class - - class Upper2(some_base_class): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface - return next(self._iter).upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - - itr2 = Upper2('hello') - assert next(itr2) == 'H' - assert next(itr2) == 'E' - -``next()`` also works with regular Python 2 iterators with a ``.next`` method:: - - itr3 = iter(['one', 'three', 'five']) - assert 'next' in dir(itr3) - assert next(itr3) == 'one' - -This approach is feasible whenever your code calls the ``next()`` function -explicitly. If you consume the iterator implicitly in a ``for`` loop or -``list()`` call or by some other means, the ``future.builtins.next`` function -will not help; the third assertion below would fail on Python 2:: - - itr2 = Upper2('hello') - - assert next(itr2) == 'H' - assert next(itr2) == 'E' - assert list(itr2) == list('LLO') # fails because Py2 implicitly looks - # for a ``next`` method. - -Instead, you can use a decorator called ``implements_iterator`` from -``future.utils`` to allow Py3-style iterators to work identically on Py2, even -if they don't inherit from ``future.builtins.object``. Use it as follows:: - - from future.utils import implements_iterator - - Upper2 = implements_iterator(Upper2) - - print(list(Upper2('hello'))) - # prints ['H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O'] - -This can of course also be used with the ``@`` decorator syntax when defining -the iterator as follows:: - - @implements_iterator - class Upper2(some_base_class): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # note the Py3 interface - return next(self._iter).upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - -On Python 3, as usual, this decorator does nothing. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_str_methods.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_str_methods.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 12c3c6b..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_str_methods.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -.. _custom-str-methods: - -Custom __str__ methods ----------------------- - -If you define a custom ``__str__`` method for any of your classes, -functions like ``print()`` expect ``__str__`` on Py2 to return a byte -string, whereas on Py3 they expect a (unicode) string. - -Use the following decorator to map the ``__str__`` to ``__unicode__`` on -Py2 and define ``__str__`` to encode it as utf-8:: - - from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible - - @python_2_unicode_compatible - class MyClass(object): - def __str__(self): - return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50' - a = MyClass() - - # This then prints the name of a Chinese philosopher: - print(a) - -This decorator is identical to the decorator of the same name in -:mod:`django.utils.encoding`. - -This decorator is a no-op on Python 3. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dev_notes.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dev_notes.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 6985bca..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dev_notes.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -Notes ------ -This module only supports Python 2.7, and Python 3.4+. - -The following renames are already supported on Python 2.7 without any -additional work from us:: - - reload() -> imp.reload() - reduce() -> functools.reduce() - StringIO.StringIO -> io.StringIO - Bytes.BytesIO -> io.BytesIO - -Old things that can one day be fixed automatically by futurize.py:: - - string.uppercase -> string.ascii_uppercase # works on either Py2.7 or Py3+ - sys.maxint -> sys.maxsize # but this isn't identical diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/development.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/development.rst deleted file mode 100644 index a12f2ca..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/development.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -.. developer-docs - -Developer docs -============== - -The easiest way to start developing ``python-future`` is as follows: - -1. Install Anaconda Python distribution - -2. Run:: - - conda install -n future2 python=2.7 pip - conda install -n future3 python=3.4 pip - - git clone https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future - -3. If you are using Anaconda Python distribution, this comes without a ``test`` -module on Python 2.x. Copy ``Python-2.7.6/Lib/test`` from the Python source tree -to ``~/anaconda/envs/yourenvname/lib/python2.7/site-packages/`. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dict_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dict_object.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 165cf76..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dict_object.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -.. _dict-object: - -dict ----- - -Python 3 dictionaries have ``.keys()``, ``.values()``, and ``.items()`` -methods which return memory-efficient set-like iterator objects, not lists. -(See `PEP 3106 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3106/>`_.) - -If your dictionaries are small, performance is not critical, and you don't need -the set-like behaviour of iterator objects from Python 3, you can of course -stick with standard Python 3 code in your Py2/3 compatible codebase:: - - # Assuming d is a native dict ... - - for key in d: - # code here - - for item in d.items(): - # code here - - for value in d.values(): - # code here - -In this case there will be memory overhead of list creation on Py2 for each -call to ``items``, ``values`` or ``keys``. - -For improved efficiency, ``future.builtins`` (aliased to ``builtins``) provides -a Python 2 ``dict`` subclass whose :func:`keys`, :func:`values`, and -:func:`items` methods return iterators on all versions of Python >= 2.7. On -Python 2.7, these iterators also have the same set-like view behaviour as -dictionaries in Python 3. This can streamline code that iterates over large -dictionaries. For example:: - - from __future__ import print_function - from builtins import dict, range - - # Memory-efficient construction: - d = dict((i, i**2) for i in range(10**7)) - - assert not isinstance(d.items(), list) - - # Because items() is memory-efficient, so is this: - d2 = dict((v, k) for (k, v) in d.items()) - -As usual, on Python 3 ``dict`` imported from either ``builtins`` or -``future.builtins`` is just the built-in ``dict`` class. - - -Memory-efficiency and alternatives -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -If you already have large native dictionaries, the downside to wrapping them in -a ``dict`` call is that memory is copied (on both Py3 and on Py2). For -example:: - - # This allocates and then frees a large amount of temporary memory: - d = dict({i: i**2 for i in range(10**7)}) - -If dictionary methods like ``values`` and ``items`` are called only once, this -obviously negates the memory benefits offered by the overridden methods through -not creating temporary lists. - -The memory-efficient (and CPU-efficient) alternatives are: - -- to construct a dictionary from an iterator. The above line could use a - generator like this:: - - d = dict((i, i**2) for i in range(10**7)) - -- to construct an empty dictionary with a ``dict()`` call using - ``builtins.dict`` (rather than ``{}``) and then update it; - -- to use the ``viewitems`` etc. functions from :mod:`future.utils`, passing in - regular dictionaries:: - - from future.utils import viewkeys, viewvalues, viewitems - - for (key, value) in viewitems(hugedictionary): - # some code here - - # Set intersection: - d = {i**2: i for i in range(1000)} - both = viewkeys(d) & set(range(0, 1000, 7)) - - # Set union: - both = viewvalues(d1) | viewvalues(d2) - -For compatibility, the functions ``iteritems`` etc. are also available in -:mod:`future.utils`. These are equivalent to the functions of the same names in -``six``, which is equivalent to calling the ``iteritems`` etc. methods on -Python 2, or to calling ``items`` etc. on Python 3. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/faq.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/faq.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 9b1eab0..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/faq.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,310 +0,0 @@ -Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) -******************************** - -Who is this for? -================ - -1. People with existing or new Python 3 codebases who wish to provide -ongoing Python 2.7 support easily and with little maintenance burden. - -2. People who wish to ease and accelerate migration of their Python 2 codebases -to Python 3.4+, module by module, without giving up Python 2 compatibility. - - -Why upgrade to Python 3? -======================== - -.. epigraph:: - - "Python 2 is the next COBOL." - - -- Alex Gaynor, at PyCon AU 2013 - -Python 2.7 is the end of the Python 2 line. (See `PEP 404 -<http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0404/>`_.) The language and standard -libraries are improving only in Python 3.x. - -Python 3.x is a better language and better set of standard libraries than -Python 2.x in many ways. Python 3.x is cleaner, less warty, and easier to -learn than Python 2. It has better memory efficiency, easier Unicode handling, -and powerful new features like the `asyncio -<https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html>`_ module. - -.. Unicode handling is also much easier. For example, see `this page -.. <http://pythonhosted.org/kitchen/unicode-frustrations.html>`_ -.. describing some of the problems with handling Unicode on Python 2 that -.. Python 3 mostly solves. - - -Porting philosophy -================== - -Why write Python 3-style code? ------------------------------- - -Here are some quotes: - -- "Django's developers have found that attempting to write Python 3 code - that's compatible with Python 2 is much more rewarding than the - opposite." from the `Django docs - <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/python3/>`_. - -- "Thanks to Python 3 being more strict about things than Python 2 (e.g., - bytes vs. strings), the source translation [from Python 3 to 2] can be - easier and more straightforward than from Python 2 to 3. Plus it gives - you more direct experience developing in Python 3 which, since it is - the future of Python, is a good thing long-term." from the official - guide `"Porting Python 2 Code to Python 3" - <http://docs.python.org/2/howto/pyporting.html>`_ by Brett Cannon. - -- "Developer energy should be reserved for addressing real technical - difficulties associated with the Python 3 transition (like - distinguishing their 8-bit text strings from their binary data). They - shouldn't be punished with additional code changes ..." from `PEP 414 - <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0414/>`_ by Armin Ronacher and Nick - Coghlan. - - -Can't I just roll my own Py2/3 compatibility layer? ---------------------------------------------------- - -Yes, but using ``python-future`` will probably be easier and lead to cleaner -code with fewer bugs. - -Consider this quote: - -.. epigraph:: - - "Duplication of effort is wasteful, and replacing the various - home-grown approaches with a standard feature usually ends up making - things more readable, and interoperable as well." - - -- Guido van Rossum (`blog post <http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=86641>`_) - - -``future`` also includes various Py2/3 compatibility tools in -:mod:`future.utils` picked from large projects (including IPython, -Django, Jinja2, Pandas), which should reduce the burden on every project to -roll its own py3k compatibility wrapper module. - - -What inspired this project? ---------------------------- - -In our Python training courses, we at `Python Charmers -<http://pythoncharmers.com>`_ faced a dilemma: teach people Python 3, which was -future-proof but not as useful to them today because of weaker 3rd-party -package support, or teach people Python 2, which was more useful today but -would require them to change their code and unlearn various habits soon. We -searched for ways to avoid polluting the world with more deprecated code, but -didn't find a good way. - -Also, in attempting to help with porting packages such as `scikit-learn -<http://scikit-learn.org>`_ to Python 3, I (Ed) was dissatisfied with how much -code cruft was necessary to introduce to support Python 2 and 3 from a single -codebase (the preferred porting option). Since backward-compatibility with -Python 2 may be necessary for at least the next 5 years, one of the promised -benefits of Python 3 -- cleaner code with fewer of Python 2's warts -- was -difficult to realize before in practice in a single codebase that supported -both platforms. - -The goal is to accelerate the uptake of Python 3 and help the strong Python -community to remain united around a single version of the language. - - -Maturity -======== - -How well has it been tested? ----------------------------- - -``future`` is used by several major projects, including `mezzanine -<http://mezzanine.jupo.org>`_ and `ObsPy <http://www.obspy.org>`_. It is also -currently being used to help with porting 800,000 lines of Python 2 code in -`Sage <http://sagemath.org>`_ to Python 2/3. - -Currently ``python-future`` has over 1000 unit tests. Many of these are straight -from the Python 3.3 and 3.4 test suites. - -In general, the ``future`` package itself is in good shape, whereas the -``futurize`` script for automatic porting is imperfect; chances are it will -require some manual cleanup afterwards. The ``past`` package also needs to be -expanded. - - -Is the API stable? ------------------- - -Not yet; ``future`` is still in beta. Where possible, we will try not to break -anything which was documented and used to work. After version 1.0 is released, -the API will not change in backward-incompatible ways until a hypothetical -version 2.0. - -.. - Are there any example of Python 2 packages ported to Python 3 using ``future`` and ``futurize``? - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - Yes, an example is the port of ``xlwt``, available `here - <https://github.com/python-excel/xlwt/pull/32>`_. - - The code also contains backports for several Py3 standard library - modules under ``future/standard_library/``. - - -Relationship between python-future and other compatibility tools -================================================================ - -How does this relate to ``2to3``? ---------------------------------- - -``2to3`` is a powerful and flexible tool that can produce different -styles of Python 3 code. It is, however, primarily designed for one-way -porting efforts, for projects that can leave behind Python 2 support. - -The example at the top of the `2to3 docs -<http://docs.python.org/2/library/2to3.html>`_ demonstrates this. After -transformation by ``2to3``, ``example.py`` looks like this:: - - def greet(name): - print("Hello, {0}!".format(name)) - print("What's your name?") - name = input() - greet(name) - -This is Python 3 code that, although syntactically valid on Python 2, -is semantically incorrect. On Python 2, it raises an exception for -most inputs; worse, it allows arbitrary code execution by the user -for specially crafted inputs because of the ``eval()`` executed by Python -2's ``input()`` function. - -This is not an isolated example; almost every output of ``2to3`` will need -modification to provide backward compatibility with Python 2. As an -alternative, the ``python-future`` project provides a script called -``futurize`` that is based on ``lib2to3`` but will produce code that is -compatible with both platforms (Py2 and Py3). - - -Can I maintain a Python 2 codebase and use 2to3 to automatically convert to Python 3 in the setup script? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -This was originally the approach recommended by Python's core developers, -but it has some large drawbacks: - -1. First, your actual working codebase will be stuck with Python 2's -warts and smaller feature set for as long as you need to retain Python 2 -compatibility. This may be at least 5 years for many projects, possibly -much longer. - -2. Second, this approach carries the significant disadvantage that you -cannot apply patches submitted by Python 3 users against the -auto-generated Python 3 code. (See `this talk -<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNZ4OVO2Z_E>`_ by Jacob Kaplan-Moss.) - - -What is the relationship between ``future`` and ``six``? --------------------------------------------------------- - -``python-future`` is a higher-level compatibility layer than ``six`` that -includes more backported functionality from Python 3, more forward-ported -functionality from Python 2, and supports cleaner code, but requires more -modern Python versions to run. - -``python-future`` and ``six`` share the same goal of making it possible to write -a single-source codebase that works on both Python 2 and Python 3. -``python-future`` has the further goal of allowing standard Py3 code to run with -almost no modification on both Py3 and Py2. ``future`` provides a more -complete set of support for Python 3's features, including backports of -Python 3 builtins such as the ``bytes`` object (which is very different -to Python 2's ``str`` object) and several standard library modules. - -``python-future`` supports only Python 2.7+ and Python 3.4+, whereas ``six`` -supports all versions of Python from 2.4 onwards. (See -:ref:`supported-versions`.) If you must support older Python versions, -``six`` will be essential for you. However, beware that maintaining -single-source compatibility with older Python versions is ugly and `not -fun <http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2013/5/21/porting-to-python-3-redux/>`_. - -If you can drop support for older Python versions, ``python-future`` leverages -some important features introduced into Python 2.7, such as -import hooks, and a comprehensive and well-tested set of backported -functionality, to allow you to write more idiomatic, maintainable code with -fewer compatibility hacks. - - -What is the relationship between ``python-future`` and ``python-modernize``? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -``python-future`` contains, in addition to the ``future`` compatibility -package, a ``futurize`` script that is similar to ``python-modernize.py`` -in intent and design. Both are based heavily on ``2to3``. - -Whereas ``python-modernize`` converts Py2 code into a common subset of -Python 2 and 3, with ``six`` as a run-time dependency, ``futurize`` -converts either Py2 or Py3 code into (almost) standard Python 3 code, -with ``future`` as a run-time dependency. - -Because ``future`` provides more backported Py3 behaviours from ``six``, -the code resulting from ``futurize`` is more likely to work -identically on both Py3 and Py2 with less additional manual porting -effort. - - -Platform and version support -============================ - -.. _supported-versions: - -Which versions of Python does ``python-future`` support? --------------------------------------------------------- - -Python 2.7, and 3.4+ only. - -Python 2.7 introduced many important forward-compatibility -features (such as import hooks, ``b'...'`` literals and ``__future__`` -definitions) that greatly reduce the maintenance burden for single-source -Py2/3 compatible code. ``future`` leverages these features and aims to -close the remaining gap between Python 3 and 2.7. - - -Do you support Pypy? -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Yes, except for the standard library import hooks (currently). Feedback -and pull requests are welcome! - - -Do you support IronPython and/or Jython? -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Not sure. This would be nice... - - -.. _support: - -Support -======= - -Is there a mailing list? ------------------------- - -Yes, please ask any questions on the `python-porting -<https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-porting>`_ mailing list. - - -.. _contributing: - -Contributing -============ - -Can I help? ------------ - -Yes please :) We welcome bug reports, additional tests, pull requests, -and stories of either success or failure with using it. Help with the fixers -for the ``futurize`` script is particularly welcome. - - -Where is the repo? ------------------- - -`<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/func_annotations.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/func_annotations.rst deleted file mode 100644 index a298f2c..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/func_annotations.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -.. _func_annotations: - -Function annotations -==================== - -Function annotations are a piece of syntax introduced in Python 3.0 that was -not backported to Python 2.x. (See PEP 3107: -http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3107/). They cause Python 2 to raise a -SyntaxError. - -To rewrite Python 3 code with function annotations to be compatible with both -Python 3 and Python 2, you can replace the annotation syntax with a dictionary -called ``__annotations__`` as an attribute on your functions. For example, code -such as this:: - - def _parse(self, filename: str, dir='.') -> list: - pass - -can be re-expressed like this:: - - def _parse(self, filename, dir='.'): - pass - _parse.__annotations__ = {'filename': str, 'return': list} - -As described in PEP 3107, the annotation for a function's return value -corresponds to the ``'return'`` key in the dictionary. - -(Note that PEP 3107 describes annotations as belonging to a -``func_annotations`` attribute. This attribute was renamed in Python 3.2 to -``__annotations__``.) - -Be aware that some libraries that consume function annotations, such as -`Reticulated <https://github.com/mvitousek/reticulated>`_, have their own -semantics for supporting earlier Python versions, such as decorators. If you -are using such a library, please use its own mechanism for providing -compatibility with earlier Python versions, rather than the generic equivalent -above. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/future-builtins.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/future-builtins.rst deleted file mode 100644 index df8ff79..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/future-builtins.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -.. _future-builtins: - -``future.builtins`` -=================== - -The ``future.builtins`` module is also accessible as ``builtins`` on Py2. - -- ``pow()`` supports fractional exponents of negative numbers like in Py3:: - - >>> from builtins import pow - >>> pow(-1, 0.5) - (6.123233995736766e-17+1j) - -- ``round()`` uses Banker's Rounding as in Py3 to the nearest even last digit:: - - >>> from builtins import round - >>> assert round(0.1250, 2) == 0.12 diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futureext.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futureext.py deleted file mode 100644 index 23471a1..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futureext.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -""" - Python-Future Documentation Extensions - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - Support for automatically documenting filters and tests. - - Based on the Jinja2 documentation extensions. - - :copyright: Copyright 2008 by Armin Ronacher. - :license: BSD. -""" -import collections -import os -import re -import inspect -from itertools import islice -from types import BuiltinFunctionType -from docutils import nodes -from docutils.statemachine import ViewList -from sphinx.ext.autodoc import prepare_docstring -from sphinx.application import TemplateBridge -from pygments.style import Style -from pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \ - Number, Operator, Generic - - -def parse_rst(state, content_offset, doc): - node = nodes.section() - # hack around title style bookkeeping - surrounding_title_styles = state.memo.title_styles - surrounding_section_level = state.memo.section_level - state.memo.title_styles = [] - state.memo.section_level = 0 - state.nested_parse(doc, content_offset, node, match_titles=1) - state.memo.title_styles = surrounding_title_styles - state.memo.section_level = surrounding_section_level - return node.children - - -class FutureStyle(Style): - title = 'Future Style' - default_style = "" - styles = { - Comment: 'italic #0B6A94', # was: #0066ff', - Comment.Preproc: 'noitalic #B11414', - Comment.Special: 'italic #505050', - - Keyword: 'bold #D15E27', - Keyword.Type: '#D15E27', - - Operator.Word: 'bold #B80000', - - Name.Builtin: '#333333', - Name.Function: '#333333', - Name.Class: 'bold #333333', - Name.Namespace: 'bold #333333', - Name.Entity: 'bold #363636', - Name.Attribute: '#686868', - Name.Tag: 'bold #686868', - Name.Decorator: '#686868', - - String: '#AA891C', - Number: '#444444', - - Generic.Heading: 'bold #000080', - Generic.Subheading: 'bold #800080', - Generic.Deleted: '#aa0000', - Generic.Inserted: '#00aa00', - Generic.Error: '#aa0000', - Generic.Emph: 'italic', - Generic.Strong: 'bold', - Generic.Prompt: '#555555', - Generic.Output: '#888888', - Generic.Traceback: '#aa0000', - - Error: '#F00 bg:#FAA' - } - -def setup(app): - pass - # uncomment for inline toc. links are broken unfortunately - ##app.connect('doctree-resolved', inject_toc) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 11520a6..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,314 +0,0 @@ -.. _forwards-conversion: - -``futurize``: Py2 to Py2/3 --------------------------- - -.. include:: futurize_overview.rst - - -.. _forwards-conversion-stage1: - -Stage 1: "safe" fixes -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Run the first stage of the conversion process with:: - - futurize --stage1 mypackage/*.py - -or, if you are using zsh, recursively:: - - futurize --stage1 mypackage/**/*.py - -This applies fixes that modernize Python 2 code without changing the effect of -the code. With luck, this will not introduce any bugs into the code, or will at -least be trivial to fix. The changes are those that bring the Python code -up-to-date without breaking Py2 compatibility. The resulting code will be -modern Python 2.7-compatible code plus ``__future__`` imports from the -following set: - -.. code-block:: python - - from __future__ import absolute_import - from __future__ import division - from __future__ import print_function - -Only those ``__future__`` imports deemed necessary will be added unless -the ``--all-imports`` command-line option is passed to ``futurize``, in -which case they are all added. - -The ``from __future__ import unicode_literals`` declaration is not added -unless the ``--unicode-literals`` flag is passed to ``futurize``. - -The changes include:: - - - except MyException, e: - + except MyException as e: - - - print >>stderr, "Blah" - + from __future__ import print_function - + print("Blah", stderr) - - - class MyClass: - + class MyClass(object): - - - def next(self): - + def __next__(self): - - - if d.has_key(key): - + if key in d: - -Implicit relative imports fixed, e.g.:: - - - import mymodule - + from __future__ import absolute_import - + from . import mymodule - -.. and all unprefixed string literals '...' gain a b prefix to be b'...'. - -.. (This last step can be prevented using --no-bytes-literals if you already have b'...' markup in your code, whose meaning would otherwise be lost.) - -Stage 1 does not add any imports from the ``future`` package. The output of -stage 1 will probably not (yet) run on Python 3. - -The goal for this stage is to create most of the ``diff`` for the entire -porting process, but without introducing any bugs. It should be uncontroversial -and safe to apply to every Python 2 package. The subsequent patches introducing -Python 3 compatibility should then be shorter and easier to review. - -The complete set of fixers applied by ``futurize --stage1`` is: - -.. code-block:: python - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_apply - lib2to3.fixes.fix_except - lib2to3.fixes.fix_exec - lib2to3.fixes.fix_exitfunc - lib2to3.fixes.fix_funcattrs - lib2to3.fixes.fix_has_key - lib2to3.fixes.fix_idioms - lib2to3.fixes.fix_intern - lib2to3.fixes.fix_isinstance - lib2to3.fixes.fix_methodattrs - lib2to3.fixes.fix_ne - lib2to3.fixes.fix_numliterals - lib2to3.fixes.fix_paren - lib2to3.fixes.fix_reduce - lib2to3.fixes.fix_renames - lib2to3.fixes.fix_repr - lib2to3.fixes.fix_standarderror - lib2to3.fixes.fix_sys_exc - lib2to3.fixes.fix_throw - lib2to3.fixes.fix_tuple_params - lib2to3.fixes.fix_types - lib2to3.fixes.fix_ws_comma - lib2to3.fixes.fix_xreadlines - libfuturize.fixes.fix_absolute_import - libfuturize.fixes.fix_next_call - libfuturize.fixes.fix_print_with_import - libfuturize.fixes.fix_raise - -The following fixers from ``lib2to3`` are not applied: - -.. code-block:: python - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_import - -The ``fix_absolute_import`` fixer in ``libfuturize.fixes`` is applied instead of -``lib2to3.fixes.fix_import``. The new fixer both makes implicit relative -imports explicit and adds the declaration ``from __future__ import -absolute_import`` at the top of each relevant module. - -.. code-block:: python - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_next - -The ``fix_next_call`` fixer in ``libfuturize.fixes`` is applied instead of -``fix_next`` in stage 1. The new fixer changes any ``obj.next()`` calls to -``next(obj)``, which is Py2/3 compatible, but doesn't change any ``next`` method -names to ``__next__``, which would break Py2 compatibility. - -``fix_next`` is applied in stage 2. - -.. code-block:: python - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_print - -The ``fix_print_with_import`` fixer in ``libfuturize.fixes`` changes the code to -use print as a function and also adds ``from __future__ import -print_function`` to the top of modules using ``print()``. - -In addition, it avoids adding an extra set of parentheses if these already -exist. So ``print(x)`` does not become ``print((x))``. - -.. code-block:: python - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_raise - -This fixer translates code to use the Python 3-only ``with_traceback()`` -method on exceptions. - -.. code-block:: python - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_set_literal - -This converts ``set([1, 2, 3]``) to ``{1, 2, 3}``. - -.. code-block:: python - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_ws_comma - -This performs cosmetic changes. This is not applied by default because it -does not serve to improve Python 2/3 compatibility. (In some cases it may -also reduce readability: see issue #58.) - - - -.. _forwards-conversion-stage2: - -Stage 2: Py3-style code with wrappers for Py2 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Run stage 2 of the conversion process with:: - - futurize --stage2 myfolder/*.py - -This stage adds a dependency on the ``future`` package. The goal for stage 2 is -to make further mostly safe changes to the Python 2 code to use Python 3-style -code that then still runs on Python 2 with the help of the appropriate builtins -and utilities in ``future``. - -For example:: - - name = raw_input('What is your name?\n') - - for k, v in d.iteritems(): - assert isinstance(v, basestring) - - class MyClass(object): - def __unicode__(self): - return u'My object' - def __str__(self): - return unicode(self).encode('utf-8') - -would be converted by Stage 2 to this code:: - - from builtins import input - from builtins import str - from future.utils import iteritems, python_2_unicode_compatible - - name = input('What is your name?\n') - - for k, v in iteritems(d): - assert isinstance(v, (str, bytes)) - - @python_2_unicode_compatible - class MyClass(object): - def __str__(self): - return u'My object' - -Stage 2 also renames standard-library imports to their Py3 names and adds these -two lines:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - -For example:: - - import ConfigParser - -becomes:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - import configparser - -The complete list of fixers applied in Stage 2 is:: - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_dict - lib2to3.fixes.fix_filter - lib2to3.fixes.fix_getcwdu - lib2to3.fixes.fix_input - lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools - lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools_imports - lib2to3.fixes.fix_long - lib2to3.fixes.fix_map - lib2to3.fixes.fix_next - lib2to3.fixes.fix_nonzero - lib2to3.fixes.fix_operator - lib2to3.fixes.fix_raw_input - lib2to3.fixes.fix_zip - - libfuturize.fixes.fix_basestring - libfuturize.fixes.fix_cmp - libfuturize.fixes.fix_division_safe - libfuturize.fixes.fix_execfile - libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_builtins - libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library - libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library_urllib - libfuturize.fixes.fix_metaclass - libpasteurize.fixes.fix_newstyle - libfuturize.fixes.fix_object - libfuturize.fixes.fix_unicode_keep_u - libfuturize.fixes.fix_xrange_with_import - - -Not applied:: - - lib2to3.fixes.fix_buffer # Perhaps not safe. Test this. - lib2to3.fixes.fix_callable # Not needed in Py3.2+ - lib2to3.fixes.fix_execfile # Some problems: see issue #37. - # We use the custom libfuturize.fixes.fix_execfile instead. - lib2to3.fixes.fix_future # Removing __future__ imports is bad for Py2 compatibility! - lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports # Called by libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library - lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports2 # We don't handle this yet (dbm) - lib2to3.fixes.fix_metaclass # Causes SyntaxError in Py2! Use the one from ``six`` instead - lib2to3.fixes.fix_unicode # Strips off the u'' prefix, which removes a potentially - # helpful source of information for disambiguating - # unicode/byte strings. - lib2to3.fixes.fix_urllib # Included in libfuturize.fix_future_standard_library_urllib - lib2to3.fixes.fix_xrange # Custom one because of a bug with Py3.3's lib2to3 - - - -.. Ideally the output of this stage should not be a ``SyntaxError`` on either -.. Python 3 or Python 2. - -.. _forwards-conversion-text: - -Separating text from bytes -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -After applying stage 2, the recommended step is to decide which of your Python -2 strings represent text and which represent binary data and to prefix all -string literals with either ``b`` or ``u`` accordingly. Furthermore, to ensure -that these types behave similarly on Python 2 as on Python 3, also wrap -byte-strings or text in the ``bytes`` and ``str`` types from ``future``. For -example:: - - from builtins import bytes, str - b = bytes(b'\x00ABCD') - s = str(u'This is normal text') - -Any unadorned string literals will then represent native platform strings -(byte-strings on Py2, unicode strings on Py3). - -An alternative is to pass the ``--unicode-literals`` flag:: - - $ futurize --unicode-literals mypython2script.py - -After running this, all string literals that were not explicitly marked up as -``b''`` will mean text (Python 3 ``str`` or Python 2 ``unicode``). - - - -.. _forwards-conversion-stage3: - -Post-conversion -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -After running ``futurize``, we recommend first running your tests on Python 3 and making further code changes until they pass on Python 3. - -The next step would be manually tweaking the code to re-enable Python 2 -compatibility with the help of the ``future`` package. For example, you can add -the ``@python_2_unicode_compatible`` decorator to any classes that define custom -``__str__`` methods. See :ref:`what-else` for more info. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 82f211c..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ -.. _futurize_cheatsheet: - -``futurize`` quick-start guide ------------------------------- - -How to convert Py2 code to Py2/3 code using ``futurize``: - -.. _porting-setup: - -Step 0: setup -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Step 0 goal: set up and see the tests passing on Python 2 and failing on Python 3. - -a. Clone the package from github/bitbucket. Optionally rename your repo to ``package-future``. Examples: ``reportlab-future``, ``paramiko-future``, ``mezzanine-future``. -b. Create and activate a Python 2 conda environment or virtualenv. Install the package with ``python setup.py install`` and run its test suite on Py2.7 (e.g. ``python setup.py test`` or ``py.test``) -c. Optionally: if there is a ``.travis.yml`` file, add Python version 3.6 and remove any versions < 2.6. -d. Install Python 3 with e.g. ``sudo apt-get install python3``. On other platforms, an easy way is to use `Miniconda <http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/index.html>`_. Then e.g.:: - - conda create -n py36 python=3.6 pip - -.. _porting-step1: - -Step 1: modern Py2 code -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -The goal for this step is to modernize the Python 2 code without introducing any dependencies (on ``future`` or e.g. ``six``) at this stage. - -**1a**. Install ``future`` into the virtualenv using:: - - pip install future - -**1b**. Run ``futurize --stage1 -w *.py subdir1/*.py subdir2/*.py``. Note that with -recursive globbing in ``bash`` or ``zsh``, you can apply stage 1 to all source files -recursively with:: - - futurize --stage1 -w . - -**1c**. Commit all changes - -**1d**. Re-run the test suite on Py2 and fix any errors. - -See :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage1` for more info. - - -Example error -************* - -One relatively common error after conversion is:: - - Traceback (most recent call last): - ... - File "/home/user/Install/BleedingEdge/reportlab/tests/test_encrypt.py", line 19, in <module> - from .test_pdfencryption import parsedoc - ValueError: Attempted relative import in non-package - -If you get this error, try adding an empty ``__init__.py`` file in the package -directory. (In this example, in the tests/ directory.) If this doesn’t help, -and if this message appears for all tests, they must be invoked differently -(from the cmd line or e.g. ``setup.py``). The way to run a module inside a -package on Python 3, or on Python 2 with ``absolute_import`` in effect, is:: - - python -m tests.test_platypus_xref - -(For more info, see `PEP 328 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0328/>`_ and -the `PEP 8 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/>`_ section on absolute -imports.) - - -.. _porting-step2: - -Step 2: working Py3 code that still supports Py2 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -The goal for this step is to get the tests passing first on Py3 and then on Py2 -again with the help of the ``future`` package. - -**2a**. Run:: - - futurize --stage2 myfolder1/*.py myfolder2/*.py - -You can view the stage 2 changes to all Python source files recursively with:: - - futurize --stage2 . - -To apply the changes, add the ``-w`` argument. - -This stage makes further conversions needed to support both Python 2 and 3. -These will likely require imports from ``future`` on Py2 (and sometimes on Py3), -such as:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - # ... - from builtins import bytes - from builtins import open - from future.utils import with_metaclass - -Optionally, you can use the ``--unicode-literals`` flag to add this import to -the top of each module:: - - from __future__ import unicode_literals - -All strings in the module would then be unicode on Py2 (as on Py3) unless -explicitly marked with a ``b''`` prefix. - -If you would like ``futurize`` to import all the changed builtins to have their -Python 3 semantics on Python 2, invoke it like this:: - - futurize --stage2 --all-imports myfolder/*.py - - -**2b**. Re-run your tests on Py3 now. Make changes until your tests pass on Python 3. - -**2c**. Commit your changes! :) - -**2d**. Now run your tests on Python 2 and notice the errors. Add wrappers from -``future`` to re-enable Python 2 compatibility. See the -:ref:`compatible-idioms` cheat sheet and :ref:`what-else` for more info. - -After each change, re-run the tests on Py3 and Py2 to ensure they pass on both. - -**2e**. You're done! Celebrate! Push your code and announce to the world! Hashtags -#python3 #python-future. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_overview.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_overview.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 769b65c..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_overview.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -The ``futurize`` script passes Python 2 code through all the appropriate fixers -to turn it into valid Python 3 code, and then adds ``__future__`` and -``future`` package imports to re-enable compatibility with Python 2. - -For example, running ``futurize`` turns this Python 2 code: - -.. code-block:: python - - import ConfigParser # Py2 module name - - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def next(self): # Py2-style iterator interface - return next(self._iter).upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - - itr = Upper('hello') - print next(itr), - for letter in itr: - print letter, # Py2-style print statement - -into this code which runs on both Py2 and Py3: - -.. code-block:: python - - from __future__ import print_function - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - from future.builtins import next - from future.builtins import object - import configparser # Py3-style import - - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface - return next(self._iter).upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - - itr = Upper('hello') - print(next(itr), end=' ') # Py3-style print function - for letter in itr: - print(letter, end=' ') - - -To write out all the changes to your Python files that ``futurize`` suggests, -use the ``-w`` flag. - -For complex projects, it is probably best to divide the porting into two stages. -Stage 1 is for "safe" changes that modernize the code but do not break Python -2.7 compatibility or introduce a dependency on the ``future`` package. Stage 2 -is to complete the process. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/hindsight.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/hindsight.rst deleted file mode 100644 index b4654c6..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/hindsight.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -In a perfect world, the new metaclass syntax should ideally be available in -Python 2 as a `__future__`` import like ``from __future__ import -new_metaclass_syntax``. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/imports.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/imports.rst deleted file mode 100644 index f7dcd9f..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/imports.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -.. _imports: - -Imports -======= - -.. _-__future__-imports: - -__future__ imports ------------------- - -To write a Python 2/3 compatible codebase, the first step is to add this line -to the top of each module:: - - from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function - -For guidelines about whether to import ``unicode_literals`` too, see below -(:ref:`unicode-literals`). - -For more information about the ``__future__`` imports, which are a -standard feature of Python, see the following docs: - -- absolute_import: `PEP 328: Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0328>`_ -- division: `PEP 238: Changing the Division Operator <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0238>`_ -- print_function: `PEP 3105: Make print a function <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3105>`_ -- unicode_literals: `PEP 3112: Bytes literals in Python 3000 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3112>`_ - -These are all available in Python 2.7 and up, and enabled by default in Python 3.x. - - -.. _builtins-imports: - -Imports of builtins -------------------- - -.. _star-imports: - -Implicit imports -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -If you don't mind namespace pollution, the easiest way to provide Py2/3 -compatibility for new code using ``future`` is to include the following imports -at the top of every module:: - - from builtins import * - -On Python 3, this has no effect. (It shadows builtins with globals of the same -names.) - -On Python 2, this import line shadows 18 builtins (listed below) to -provide their Python 3 semantics. - - -.. _explicit-imports: - -Explicit imports -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Explicit forms of the imports are often preferred and are necessary for using -certain automated code-analysis tools. - -The complete set of imports of builtins from ``future`` is:: - - from builtins import (ascii, bytes, chr, dict, filter, hex, input, - int, map, next, oct, open, pow, range, round, - str, super, zip) - -These are also available under the ``future.builtins`` namespace for backward compatibility. - -Importing only some of the builtins is cleaner but increases the risk of -introducing Py2/3 portability bugs as your code evolves over time. For example, -be aware of forgetting to import ``input``, which could expose a security -vulnerability on Python 2 if Python 3's semantics are expected. - -.. One further technical distinction is that unlike the ``import *`` form above, -.. these explicit imports do actually modify ``locals()`` on Py3; this is -.. equivalent to typing ``bytes = bytes; int = int`` etc. for each builtin. - -The internal API is currently as follows:: - - from future.types import bytes, dict, int, range, str - from future.builtins.misc import (ascii, chr, hex, input, next, - oct, open, pow, round, super) - from future.builtins.iterators import filter, map, zip - -Please note that this internal API is evolving and may not be stable between -different versions of ``future``. To understand the details of the backported -builtins on Python 2, see the docs for these modules. - -For more information on what the backported types provide, see :ref:`what-else`. - -.. < Section about past.translation is included here > - - -.. _obsolete-builtins: - -Obsolete Python 2 builtins -__________________________ - -Twelve Python 2 builtins have been removed from Python 3. To aid with -porting code to Python 3 module by module, you can use the following -import to cause a ``NameError`` exception to be raised on Python 2 when any -of the obsolete builtins is used, just as would occur on Python 3:: - - from future.builtins.disabled import * - -This is equivalent to:: - - from future.builtins.disabled import (apply, cmp, coerce, execfile, - file, long, raw_input, reduce, reload, - unicode, xrange, StandardError) - -Running ``futurize`` over code that uses these Python 2 builtins does not -import the disabled versions; instead, it replaces them with their -equivalent Python 3 forms and then adds ``future`` imports to resurrect -Python 2 support, as described in :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage2`. - - -.. include:: standard_library_imports.rst - -.. include:: translation.rst - -.. include:: unicode_literals.rst - -Next steps ----------- -See :ref:`what-else`. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/index.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/index.rst deleted file mode 100644 index cc84c9b..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/index.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibility -============================================== - -``python-future`` is the missing compatibility layer between Python 2 and -Python 3. It allows you to use a single, clean Python 3.x-compatible -codebase to support both Python 2 and Python 3 with minimal overhead. - - -.. include:: contents.rst.inc diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/int_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/int_object.rst deleted file mode 100644 index f774784..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/int_object.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -.. _int-object: - -int ---- - -Python 3's ``int`` type is very similar to Python 2's ``long``, except -for the representation (which omits the ``L`` suffix in Python 2). Python -2's usual (short) integers have been removed from Python 3, as has the -``long`` builtin name. - -Python 3:: - - >>> 2**64 - 18446744073709551616 - -Python 2:: - - >>> 2**64 - 18446744073709551616L - -``future`` includes a backport of Python 3's ``int`` that -is a subclass of Python 2's ``long`` with the same representation -behaviour as Python 3's ``int``. To ensure an integer is long compatibly with -both Py3 and Py2, cast it like this:: - - >>> from builtins import int - >>> must_be_a_long_integer = int(1234) - -The backported ``int`` object helps with writing doctests and simplifies code -that deals with ``long`` and ``int`` as special cases on Py2. An example is the -following code from ``xlwt-future`` (called by the ``xlwt.antlr.BitSet`` class) -for writing out Excel ``.xls`` spreadsheets. With ``future``, the code is:: - - from builtins import int - - def longify(data): - """ - Turns data (an int or long, or a list of ints or longs) into a - list of longs. - """ - if not data: - return [int(0)] - if not isinstance(data, list): - return [int(data)] - return list(map(int, data)) - - -Without ``future`` (or with ``future`` < 0.7), this might be:: - - def longify(data): - """ - Turns data (an int or long, or a list of ints or longs) into a - list of longs. - """ - if not data: - if PY3: - return [0] - else: - return [long(0)] - if not isinstance(data,list): - if PY3: - return [int(data)] - else: - return [long(data)] - if PY3: - return list(map(int, data)) # same as returning data, but with up-front typechecking - else: - return list(map(long, data)) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/isinstance.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/isinstance.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 2bb5084..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/isinstance.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,117 +0,0 @@ -.. _isinstance-calls: - -isinstance ----------- - -The following tests all pass on Python 3:: - - >>> assert isinstance(2**62, int) - >>> assert isinstance(2**63, int) - >>> assert isinstance(b'my byte-string', bytes) - >>> assert isinstance(u'unicode string 1', str) - >>> assert isinstance('unicode string 2', str) - - -However, two of these normally fail on Python 2:: - - >>> assert isinstance(2**63, int) - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - AssertionError - - >>> assert isinstance(u'my unicode string', str) - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - AssertionError - -And if this import is in effect on Python 2:: - - >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals - -then the fifth test fails too:: - - >>> assert isinstance('unicode string 2', str) - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - AssertionError - - -After importing the builtins from ``future``, all these tests pass on -Python 2 as on Python 3:: - - >>> from builtins import bytes, int, str - - >>> assert isinstance(10, int) - >>> assert isinstance(10**100, int) - >>> assert isinstance(b'my byte-string', bytes) - >>> assert isinstance(u'unicode string 1', str) - -However, note that the last test requires that ``unicode_literals`` be imported to succeed.:: - - >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals - >>> assert isinstance('unicode string 2', str) - -This works because the backported types ``int``, ``bytes`` and ``str`` -(and others) have metaclasses that override ``__instancecheck__``. See `PEP 3119 -<http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3119/#overloading-isinstance-and-issubclass>`_ -for details. - - -Passing data to/from Python 2 libraries ---------------------------------------- - -If you are passing any of the backported types (``bytes``, ``int``, ``dict, -``str``) into brittle library code that performs type-checks using ``type()``, -rather than ``isinstance()``, or requires that you pass Python 2's native types -(rather than subclasses) for some other reason, it may be necessary to upcast -the types from ``future`` to their native superclasses on Py2. - -The ``native`` function in ``future.utils`` is provided for this. Here is how -to use it. (The output showing is from Py2):: - - >>> from builtins import int, bytes, str - >>> from future.utils import native - - >>> a = int(10**20) # Py3-like long int - >>> a - 100000000000000000000 - >>> type(a) - future.types.newint.newint - >>> native(a) - 100000000000000000000L - >>> type(native(a)) - long - - >>> b = bytes(b'ABC') - >>> type(b) - future.types.newbytes.newbytes - >>> native(b) - 'ABC' - >>> type(native(b)) - str - - >>> s = str(u'ABC') - >>> type(s) - future.types.newstr.newstr - >>> native(s) - u'ABC' - >>> type(native(s)) - unicode - -On Py3, the :func:`native` function is a no-op. - - -Native string type ------------------- - -Some library code, include standard library code like the ``array.array()`` -constructor, require native strings on Python 2 and Python 3. This means that -there is no simple way to pass the appropriate string type when the -``unicode_literals`` import from ``__future__`` is in effect. - -The objects ``native_str`` and ``native_bytes`` are available in -``future.utils`` for this case. These are equivalent to the ``str`` and -``bytes`` objects in ``__builtin__`` on Python 2 or in ``builtins`` on Python 3. - -The functions ``native_str_to_bytes`` and ``bytes_to_native_str`` are also -available for more explicit conversions. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/limitations.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/limitations.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0d13805..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/limitations.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -limitations of the ``future`` module and differences between Py2 and Py3 that are not (yet) handled -=================================================================================================== - -The following attributes on functions in Python 3 are not provided in Python -2.7: - -__func__: see six.get_method_function() -__self__: see six.get_method_self() -__self__.__class__ - - -Limitations of the ``futurize`` script --------------------------------------- -The ``futurize`` script is not yet mature; like ``2to3``, on which it is based, -it makes mistakes. Nevertheless, it should be useful for automatically -performing a lot of the repetitive code-substitution tasks when porting from -Py2 to Py2/3. - -Some new Python 3.3 features that cause SyntaxErrors on earlier versions -are not currently handled by the ``futurize`` script. This includes: - -- ``yield ... from`` syntax for generators in Py3.3 - -- ``raise ... from`` syntax for exceptions. (This is simple to fix - manually by creating a temporary variable.) - -Also: - -- Usage of ``file('myfile', 'w')`` as a synonym for ``open`` doesn't seem - to be converted currently. - -- ``isinstance(var, basestring)`` should sometimes be converted to - ``isinstance(var, str) or isinstance(var, bytes)``, or sometimes simply - ``isinstance(var, str)``, depending on the context. Currently it is always - converted to ``isinstance(var, str)``. - -- Caveats with bytes indexing!:: - - b'\x00'[0] != 0 - b'\x01'[0] != 1 - - ``futurize`` does not yet wrap all byte-string literals in a ``bytes()`` - call. This is on the to-do list. See :ref:`bytes-object` for more information. - - -Notes ------ -- Ensure you are using new-style classes on Py2. Py3 doesn't require - inheritance from ``object`` for this, but Py2 does. ``pasteurize`` - adds this back in automatically, but ensure you do this too - when writing your classes, otherwise weird breakage when e.g. calling - ``super()`` may occur. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/metaclasses.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/metaclasses.rst deleted file mode 100644 index d40c5a4..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/metaclasses.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -Metaclasses ------------ - -Python 3 and Python 2 syntax for metaclasses are incompatible. -``future`` provides a function (from ``jinja2/_compat.py``) called -:func:`with_metaclass` that can assist with specifying metaclasses -portably across Py3 and Py2. Use it like this:: - - from future.utils import with_metaclass - - class BaseForm(object): - pass - - class FormType(type): - pass - - class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)): - pass diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb deleted file mode 100644 index 0f585d2..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3167 +0,0 @@ -{ - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "# Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible code" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "- **Copyright (c):** 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.\n", - "- **Author:** Ed Schofield.\n", - "- **Licence:** Creative Commons Attribution.\n", - "\n", - "A PDF version is here: http://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.pdf\n", - "\n", - "This notebook shows you idioms for writing future-proof code that is compatible with both versions of Python: 2 and 3. It accompanies Ed Schofield's talk at PyCon AU 2014, \"Writing 2/3 compatible code\". (The video is here: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOqk8j11aAI&t=10m14s>.)\n", - "\n", - "Minimum versions:\n", - "\n", - " - Python 2: 2.6+\n", - " - Python 3: 3.3+" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Setup" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "The imports below refer to these ``pip``-installable packages on PyPI:\n", - "\n", - " import future # pip install future\n", - " import builtins # pip install future\n", - " import past # pip install future\n", - " import six # pip install six\n", - "\n", - "The following scripts are also ``pip``-installable:\n", - "\n", - " futurize # pip install future\n", - " pasteurize # pip install future\n", - "\n", - "See http://python-future.org and https://pythonhosted.org/six/ for more information." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Essential syntax differences" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### print" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "print 'Hello'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "print('Hello')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "To print multiple strings, import ``print_function`` to prevent Py2 from interpreting it as a tuple:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "print 'Hello', 'Guido'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from __future__ import print_function # (at top of module)\n", - "\n", - "print('Hello', 'Guido')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "print >> sys.stderr, 'Hello'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from __future__ import print_function\n", - "\n", - "print('Hello', file=sys.stderr)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "print 'Hello'," - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from __future__ import print_function\n", - "\n", - "print('Hello', end='')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Raising exceptions" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "raise ValueError, \"dodgy value\"" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "raise ValueError(\"dodgy value\")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Raising exceptions with a traceback:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]\n", - "raise ValueError, \"dodgy value\", traceback" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "raise ValueError(\"dodgy value\").with_traceback()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "from six import reraise as raise_\n", - "# or\n", - "from future.utils import raise_\n", - "\n", - "traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]\n", - "raise_(ValueError, \"dodgy value\", traceback)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from future.utils import raise_with_traceback\n", - "\n", - "raise_with_traceback(ValueError(\"dodgy value\"))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Exception chaining (PEP 3134):" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 3, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Setup:\n", - "class DatabaseError(Exception):\n", - " pass" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only\n", - "class FileDatabase:\n", - " def __init__(self, filename):\n", - " try:\n", - " self.file = open(filename)\n", - " except IOError as exc:\n", - " raise DatabaseError('failed to open') from exc" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 16, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from future.utils import raise_from\n", - "\n", - "class FileDatabase:\n", - " def __init__(self, filename):\n", - " try:\n", - " self.file = open(filename)\n", - " except IOError as exc:\n", - " raise_from(DatabaseError('failed to open'), exc)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 17, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Testing the above:\n", - "try:\n", - " fd = FileDatabase('non_existent_file.txt')\n", - "except Exception as e:\n", - " assert isinstance(e.__cause__, IOError) # FileNotFoundError on Py3.3+ inherits from IOError" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Catching exceptions" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "try:\n", - " ...\n", - "except ValueError, e:\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "try:\n", - " ...\n", - "except ValueError as e:\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Division" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Integer division (rounding down):" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "assert 2 / 3 == 0" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "assert 2 // 3 == 0" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "\"True division\" (float division):" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "assert 3 / 2 == 1.5" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from __future__ import division # (at top of module)\n", - "\n", - "assert 3 / 2 == 1.5" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "\"Old division\" (i.e. compatible with Py2 behaviour):" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "a = b / c # with any types" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from past.utils import old_div\n", - "\n", - "a = old_div(b, c) # always same as / on Py2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Long integers" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Short integers are gone in Python 3 and ``long`` has become ``int`` (without the trailing ``L`` in the ``repr``)." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "k = 9223372036854775808L\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "k = 9223372036854775808" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "bigint = 1L\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "from builtins import int\n", - "bigint = int(1)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "To test whether a value is an integer (of any kind):" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "if isinstance(x, (int, long)):\n", - " ...\n", - "\n", - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "if isinstance(x, int):\n", - " ...\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "from builtins import int # subclass of long on Py2\n", - "\n", - "if isinstance(x, int): # matches both int and long on Py2\n", - " ...\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from past.builtins import long\n", - "\n", - "if isinstance(x, (int, long)):\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Octal constants" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "0644 # Python 2 only" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "0o644 # Python 2 and 3" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Backtick repr" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "`x` # Python 2 only" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "repr(x) # Python 2 and 3" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Metaclasses" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "class BaseForm(object):\n", - " pass\n", - "\n", - "class FormType(type):\n", - " pass" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "class Form(BaseForm):\n", - " __metaclass__ = FormType\n", - " pass" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "class Form(BaseForm, metaclass=FormType):\n", - " pass" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from six import with_metaclass\n", - "# or\n", - "from future.utils import with_metaclass\n", - "\n", - "class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):\n", - " pass" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Strings and bytes" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Unicode (text) string literals" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "If you are upgrading an existing Python 2 codebase, it may be preferable to mark up all string literals as unicode explicitly with ``u`` prefixes:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "s1 = 'The Zen of Python'\n", - "s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "s1 = u'The Zen of Python'\n", - "s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "The ``futurize`` and ``python-modernize`` tools do not currently offer an option to do this automatically." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "If you are writing code for a new project or new codebase, you can use this idiom to make all string literals in a module unicode strings:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "from __future__ import unicode_literals # at top of module\n", - "\n", - "s1 = 'The Zen of Python'\n", - "s2 = 'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "See http://python-future.org/unicode_literals.html for more discussion on which style to use." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Byte-string literals" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "s = 'This must be a byte-string'\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "s = b'This must be a byte-string'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "To loop over a byte-string with possible high-bit characters, obtaining each character as a byte-string of length 1:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "for bytechar in 'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n", - " ...\n", - "\n", - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n", - " bytechar = bytes([myint])\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from builtins import bytes\n", - "for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9'):\n", - " bytechar = bytes([myint])" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "As an alternative, ``chr()`` and ``.encode('latin-1')`` can be used to convert an int into a 1-char byte string:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n", - " char = chr(myint) # returns a unicode string\n", - " bytechar = char.encode('latin-1')\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from builtins import bytes, chr\n", - "for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9'):\n", - " char = chr(myint) # returns a unicode string\n", - " bytechar = char.encode('latin-1') # forces returning a byte str" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### basestring" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "a = u'abc'\n", - "b = 'def'\n", - "assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from past.builtins import basestring # pip install future\n", - "\n", - "a = u'abc'\n", - "b = b'def'\n", - "assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2: refactor the code to avoid considering\n", - "# byte-strings as strings.\n", - "\n", - "from builtins import str\n", - "a = u'abc'\n", - "b = b'def'\n", - "c = b.decode()\n", - "assert isinstance(a, str) and isinstance(c, str)\n", - "# ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### unicode" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % unicode(slug)]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from builtins import str\n", - "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % str(slug)]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from builtins import str as text\n", - "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % text(slug)]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### StringIO" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from StringIO import StringIO\n", - "# or:\n", - "from cStringIO import StringIO\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from io import BytesIO # for handling byte strings\n", - "from io import StringIO # for handling unicode strings" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Imports relative to a package" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Suppose the package is:\n", - "\n", - " mypackage/\n", - " __init__.py\n", - " submodule1.py\n", - " submodule2.py\n", - " \n", - "and the code below is in ``submodule1.py``:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only: \n", - "import submodule2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from . import submodule2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "# To make Py2 code safer (more like Py3) by preventing\n", - "# implicit relative imports, you can also add this to the top:\n", - "from __future__ import absolute_import" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Dictionaries" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Iterating through ``dict`` keys/values/items" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Iterable dict keys:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "for key in heights.iterkeys():\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "for key in heights:\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Iterable dict values:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "for value in heights.itervalues():\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Idiomatic Python 3\n", - "for value in heights.values(): # extra memory overhead on Py2\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 8, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "from builtins import dict\n", - "\n", - "heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)\n", - "for key in heights.values(): # efficient on Py2 and Py3\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from future.utils import itervalues\n", - "# or\n", - "from six import itervalues\n", - "\n", - "for key in itervalues(heights):\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Iterable dict items:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "for (key, value) in heights.iteritems():\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "for (key, value) in heights.items(): # inefficient on Py2 \n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from future.utils import viewitems\n", - "\n", - "for (key, value) in viewitems(heights): # also behaves like a set\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n", - "from future.utils import iteritems\n", - "# or\n", - "from six import iteritems\n", - "\n", - "for (key, value) in iteritems(heights):\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### dict keys/values/items as a list" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "dict keys as a list:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "keylist = heights.keys()\n", - "assert isinstance(keylist, list)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "keylist = list(heights)\n", - "assert isinstance(keylist, list)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "dict values as a list:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}\n", - "valuelist = heights.values()\n", - "assert isinstance(valuelist, list)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "valuelist = list(heights.values()) # inefficient on Py2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from builtins import dict\n", - "\n", - "heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)\n", - "valuelist = list(heights.values())" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n", - "from future.utils import listvalues\n", - "\n", - "valuelist = listvalues(heights)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 4\n", - "from future.utils import itervalues\n", - "# or\n", - "from six import itervalues\n", - "\n", - "valuelist = list(itervalues(heights))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "dict items as a list:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "itemlist = list(heights.items()) # inefficient on Py2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from future.utils import listitems\n", - "\n", - "itemlist = listitems(heights)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n", - "from future.utils import iteritems\n", - "# or\n", - "from six import iteritems\n", - "\n", - "itemlist = list(iteritems(heights))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Custom class behaviour" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Custom iterators" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "class Upper(object):\n", - " def __init__(self, iterable):\n", - " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n", - " def next(self): # Py2-style\n", - " return self._iter.next().upper()\n", - " def __iter__(self):\n", - " return self\n", - "\n", - "itr = Upper('hello')\n", - "assert itr.next() == 'H' # Py2-style\n", - "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "from builtins import object\n", - "\n", - "class Upper(object):\n", - " def __init__(self, iterable):\n", - " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n", - " def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface\n", - " return next(self._iter).upper() # builtin next() function calls\n", - " def __iter__(self):\n", - " return self\n", - "\n", - "itr = Upper('hello')\n", - "assert next(itr) == 'H' # compatible style\n", - "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from future.utils import implements_iterator\n", - "\n", - "@implements_iterator\n", - "class Upper(object):\n", - " def __init__(self, iterable):\n", - " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n", - " def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface\n", - " return next(self._iter).upper() # builtin next() function calls\n", - " def __iter__(self):\n", - " return self\n", - "\n", - "itr = Upper('hello')\n", - "assert next(itr) == 'H'\n", - "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Custom ``__str__`` methods" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "class MyClass(object):\n", - " def __unicode__(self):\n", - " return 'Unicode string: \\u5b54\\u5b50'\n", - " def __str__(self):\n", - " return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')\n", - "\n", - "a = MyClass()\n", - "print(a) # prints encoded string" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 11, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "Unicode string: 孔子\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible\n", - "\n", - "@python_2_unicode_compatible\n", - "class MyClass(object):\n", - " def __str__(self):\n", - " return u'Unicode string: \\u5b54\\u5b50'\n", - "\n", - "a = MyClass()\n", - "print(a) # prints string encoded as utf-8 on Py2" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Custom ``__nonzero__`` vs ``__bool__`` method:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "class AllOrNothing(object):\n", - " def __init__(self, l):\n", - " self.l = l\n", - " def __nonzero__(self):\n", - " return all(self.l)\n", - "\n", - "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n", - "assert not bool(container)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from builtins import object\n", - "\n", - "class AllOrNothing(object):\n", - " def __init__(self, l):\n", - " self.l = l\n", - " def __bool__(self):\n", - " return all(self.l)\n", - "\n", - "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n", - "assert not bool(container)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Lists versus iterators" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### xrange" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "for i in xrange(10**8):\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible\n", - "from builtins import range\n", - "for i in range(10**8):\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: backward-compatible\n", - "from past.builtins import xrange\n", - "for i in xrange(10**8):\n", - " ..." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### range" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "mylist = range(5)\n", - "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 1\n", - "mylist = list(range(5)) # copies memory on Py2\n", - "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 2\n", - "from builtins import range\n", - "\n", - "mylist = list(range(5))\n", - "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n", - "from future.utils import lrange\n", - "\n", - "mylist = lrange(5)\n", - "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: backward compatible\n", - "from past.builtins import range\n", - "\n", - "mylist = range(5)\n", - "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### map" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)\n", - "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "# Idiomatic Py3, but inefficient on Py2\n", - "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))\n", - "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from builtins import map\n", - "\n", - "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))\n", - "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n", - "try:\n", - " from itertools import imap as map\n", - "except ImportError:\n", - " pass\n", - "\n", - "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist)) # inefficient on Py2\n", - "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 4\n", - "from future.utils import lmap\n", - "\n", - "mynewlist = lmap(f, myoldlist)\n", - "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 5\n", - "from past.builtins import map\n", - "\n", - "mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)\n", - "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### imap" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from itertools import imap\n", - "\n", - "myiter = imap(func, myoldlist)\n", - "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n", - "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "from builtins import map\n", - "\n", - "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n", - "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "try:\n", - " from itertools import imap as map\n", - "except ImportError:\n", - " pass\n", - "\n", - "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n", - "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### zip, izip" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "As above with ``zip`` and ``itertools.izip``." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### filter, ifilter" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "As above with ``filter`` and ``itertools.ifilter`` too." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Other builtins" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### File IO with open()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": true - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "f = open('myfile.txt')\n", - "data = f.read() # as a byte string\n", - "text = data.decode('utf-8')\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from io import open\n", - "f = open('myfile.txt', 'rb')\n", - "data = f.read() # as bytes\n", - "text = data.decode('utf-8') # unicode, not bytes\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from io import open\n", - "f = open('myfile.txt', encoding='utf-8')\n", - "text = f.read() # unicode, not bytes" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### reduce()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from functools import reduce\n", - "\n", - "assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### raw_input()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "name = raw_input('What is your name? ')\n", - "assert isinstance(name, str) # native str" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from builtins import input\n", - "\n", - "name = input('What is your name? ')\n", - "assert isinstance(name, str) # native str on Py2 and Py3" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### input()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "input(\"Type something safe please: \")" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "from builtins import input\n", - "eval(input(\"Type something safe please: \"))" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Warning: using either of these is **unsafe** with untrusted input." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### file()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "f = file(pathname)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "f = open(pathname)\n", - "\n", - "# But preferably, use this:\n", - "from io import open\n", - "f = open(pathname, 'rb') # if f.read() should return bytes\n", - "# or\n", - "f = open(pathname, 'rt') # if f.read() should return unicode text" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### exec" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": true - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "exec 'x = 10'\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "exec('x = 10')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": true - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "g = globals()\n", - "exec 'x = 10' in g\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "g = globals()\n", - "exec('x = 10', g)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": true - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "l = locals()\n", - "exec 'x = 10' in g, l\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "exec('x = 10', g, l)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "But note that Py3's `exec()` is less powerful (and less dangerous) than Py2's `exec` statement." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### execfile()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "execfile('myfile.py')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from past.builtins import execfile\n", - "\n", - "execfile('myfile.py')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "exec(compile(open('myfile.py').read()))\n", - "\n", - "# This can sometimes cause this:\n", - "# SyntaxError: function ... uses import * and bare exec ...\n", - "# See https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/37" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### unichr()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "assert unichr(8364) == '€'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "assert chr(8364) == '€'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from builtins import chr\n", - "assert chr(8364) == '€'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### intern()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "intern('mystring')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "from sys import intern\n", - "intern('mystring')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from past.builtins import intern\n", - "intern('mystring')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from six.moves import intern\n", - "intern('mystring')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n", - "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n", - "install_aliases()\n", - "from sys import intern\n", - "intern('mystring')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "try:\n", - " from sys import intern\n", - "except ImportError:\n", - " pass\n", - "intern('mystring')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### apply()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "args = ('a', 'b')\n", - "kwargs = {'kwarg1': True}" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "apply(f, args, kwargs)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "f(*args, **kwargs)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from past.builtins import apply\n", - "apply(f, args, kwargs)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### chr()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "assert chr(64) == b'@'\n", - "assert chr(200) == b'\\xc8'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only: option 1\n", - "assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'\n", - "assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\\xc8'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n", - "from builtins import chr\n", - "\n", - "assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'\n", - "assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\\xc8'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only: option 2\n", - "assert bytes([64]) == b'@'\n", - "assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\\xc8'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n", - "from builtins import bytes\n", - "\n", - "assert bytes([64]) == b'@'\n", - "assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\\xc8'" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### cmp()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from past.builtins import cmp\n", - "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "cmp = lambda(x, y): (x > y) - (x < y)\n", - "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### reload()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "reload(mymodule)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "from imp import reload\n", - "reload(mymodule)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## Standard library" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### dbm modules" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "import anydbm\n", - "import whichdb\n", - "import dbm\n", - "import dumbdbm\n", - "import gdbm\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from future import standard_library\n", - "standard_library.install_aliases()\n", - "\n", - "import dbm\n", - "import dbm.ndbm\n", - "import dbm.dumb\n", - "import dbm.gnu\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from future.moves import dbm\n", - "from future.moves.dbm import dumb\n", - "from future.moves.dbm import ndbm\n", - "from future.moves.dbm import gnu\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n", - "from six.moves import dbm_gnu\n", - "# (others not supported)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### commands / subprocess modules" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "from commands import getoutput, getstatusoutput\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "from future import standard_library\n", - "standard_library.install_aliases()\n", - "\n", - "from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### subprocess.check_output()" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2.7 and above\n", - "from subprocess import check_output\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 1\n", - "from future.moves.subprocess import check_output\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 2\n", - "from future import standard_library\n", - "standard_library.install_aliases()\n", - "\n", - "from subprocess import check_output" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### collections: Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 6, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2.7 and above\n", - "from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 1\n", - "from future.backports import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 2\n", - "from future import standard_library\n", - "standard_library.install_aliases()\n", - "\n", - "from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### StringIO module" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only\n", - "from StringIO import StringIO\n", - "from cStringIO import StringIO" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3\n", - "from io import BytesIO\n", - "# and refactor StringIO() calls to BytesIO() if passing byte-strings" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### http module" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "import httplib\n", - "import Cookie\n", - "import cookielib\n", - "import BaseHTTPServer\n", - "import SimpleHTTPServer\n", - "import CGIHttpServer\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "import http.client\n", - "import http.cookies\n", - "import http.cookiejar\n", - "import http.server" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### xmlrpc module" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "import DocXMLRPCServer\n", - "import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "import xmlrpc.server" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "import xmlrpclib\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "import xmlrpc.client" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### html escaping and entities" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3:\n", - "from cgi import escape\n", - "\n", - "# Safer (Python 2 and 3, after ``pip install future``):\n", - "from html import escape\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from htmlentitydefs import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "from html.entities import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### html parsing" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from HTMLParser import HTMLParser\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``)\n", - "from html.parser import HTMLParser\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (alternative 2):\n", - "from future.moves.html.parser import HTMLParser" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### urllib module" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "``urllib`` is the hardest module to use from Python 2/3 compatible code. You may like to use Requests (http://python-requests.org) instead." - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from urlparse import urlparse\n", - "from urllib import urlencode\n", - "from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 2, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n", - "from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n", - "from urllib.error import HTTPError" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: easiest option\n", - "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n", - "install_aliases()\n", - "\n", - "from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n", - "from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n", - "from urllib.error import HTTPError" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from future.standard_library import hooks\n", - "\n", - "with hooks():\n", - " from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n", - " from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n", - " from urllib.error import HTTPError" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n", - "from future.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n", - "from future.moves.urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n", - "from future.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError\n", - "# or\n", - "from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n", - "from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen\n", - "from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 4\n", - "try:\n", - " from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n", - " from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n", - " from urllib.error import HTTPError\n", - "except ImportError:\n", - " from urlparse import urlparse\n", - " from urllib import urlencode\n", - " from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Tkinter" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "import Tkinter\n", - "import Dialog\n", - "import FileDialog\n", - "import ScrolledText\n", - "import SimpleDialog\n", - "import Tix \n", - "import Tkconstants\n", - "import Tkdnd \n", - "import tkColorChooser\n", - "import tkCommonDialog\n", - "import tkFileDialog\n", - "import tkFont\n", - "import tkMessageBox\n", - "import tkSimpleDialog\n", - "import ttk\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "import tkinter\n", - "import tkinter.dialog\n", - "import tkinter.filedialog\n", - "import tkinter.scrolledtext\n", - "import tkinter.simpledialog\n", - "import tkinter.tix\n", - "import tkinter.constants\n", - "import tkinter.dnd\n", - "import tkinter.colorchooser\n", - "import tkinter.commondialog\n", - "import tkinter.filedialog\n", - "import tkinter.font\n", - "import tkinter.messagebox\n", - "import tkinter.simpledialog\n", - "import tkinter.ttk" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### socketserver" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "import SocketServer\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "import socketserver" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### copy_reg, copyreg" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "import copy_reg\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "import copyreg" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### configparser" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from ConfigParser import ConfigParser\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "from configparser import ConfigParser" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### queue" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from Queue import Queue, heapq, deque\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "from queue import Queue, heapq, deque" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### repr, reprlib" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from repr import aRepr, repr\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n", - "from reprlib import aRepr, repr" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### UserDict, UserList, UserString" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from UserDict import UserDict\n", - "from UserList import UserList\n", - "from UserString import UserString\n", - "\n", - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from future.moves.collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from six.moves import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n", - "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n", - "install_aliases()\n", - "from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### itertools: filterfalse, zip_longest" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": { - "collapsed": false - }, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "# Python 2 only:\n", - "from itertools import ifilterfalse, izip_longest\n", - "\n", - "# Python 3 only:\n", - "from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n", - "from future.moves.itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n", - "from six.moves import filterfalse, zip_longest\n", - "\n", - "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n", - "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n", - "install_aliases()\n", - "from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest" - ] - } - ], - "metadata": { - "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3", - "language": "python", - "name": "python3" - }, - "language_info": { - "codemirror_mode": { - "name": "ipython", - "version": 3 - }, - "file_extension": ".py", - "mimetype": "text/x-python", - "name": "python", - "nbconvert_exporter": "python", - "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.4.3" - } - }, - "nbformat": 4, - "nbformat_minor": 0 -} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb deleted file mode 100644 index 5792144..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,161 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "import sys\n", - "sys.version" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 6, - "text": [ - "'2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) \\n[GCC 4.8.2]'" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "import future\n", - "future.__version__" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 1, - "text": [ - "'0.12.0-dev'" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from builtins import bytes" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Backported Py3 bytes object\n", - "b = bytes(b'ABCD')" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "list(b)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 4, - "text": [ - "[65, 66, 67, 68]" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 4 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "repr(b)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 5, - "text": [ - "\"b'ABCD'\"" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# These raise TypeErrors:\n", - "# b + u'EFGH'\n", - "# bytes(b',').join([u'Fred', u'Bill'])\n", - "# b < u'abcd'" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 10 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "b == u'ABCD'" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 9, - "text": [ - "False" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 9 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb deleted file mode 100644 index 5729ddc..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,246 +0,0 @@ -{ - "metadata": { - "name": "" - }, - "nbformat": 3, - "nbformat_minor": 0, - "worksheets": [ - { - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "heading", - "level": 2, - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "``object`` special methods" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "import sys\n", - "sys.version" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 1, - "text": [ - "'2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) \\n[GCC 4.8.2]'" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 1 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from builtins import object" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "object??" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 2 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "# Py3-style iterators written as new-style classes (subclasses of\n", - "# future.builtins.object) are backward compatibile with Py2:\n", - "class Upper(object):\n", - " def __init__(self, iterable):\n", - " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n", - " def __next__(self): # note the Py3 interface\n", - " return next(self._iter).upper()\n", - " def __iter__(self):\n", - " return self" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 3 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 5 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "class AllOrNothing(object):\n", - " def __init__(self, l):\n", - " self.l = l\n", - " def __bool__(self):\n", - " return all(self.l)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 6 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n", - "bool(container)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 8, - "text": [ - "False" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 8 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "container2 = AllOrNothing([-100, 100, 200])\n", - "bool(container2)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 9, - "text": [ - "True" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 9 - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Classes derived from Python builtins don't have this behaviour:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "class AllOrNothingBroken(list):\n", - " def __bool__(self):\n", - " print('Called!')\n", - " return all(self)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 13 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "container3 = AllOrNothingBroken([0, 1, 2])\n", - "bool(container3)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 14, - "text": [ - "True" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 14 - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "But subclasses of ``future`` types do:" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "from builtins import list\n", - "\n", - "class AllOrNothingFixed(list):\n", - " def __bool__(self):\n", - " print('Called!')\n", - " return all(self)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "prompt_number": 15 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [ - "container4 = AllOrNothingFixed([0, 1, 2])\n", - "bool(container4)" - ], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "metadata": {}, - "output_type": "pyout", - "prompt_number": 17, - "text": [ - "True" - ] - } - ], - "prompt_number": 17 - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "collapsed": false, - "input": [], - "language": "python", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [] - } - ], - "metadata": {} - } - ] -} diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/older_interfaces.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/older_interfaces.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 546f92b..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/older_interfaces.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,141 +0,0 @@ -.. _older-standard-library-interfaces: - -Older interfaces -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -In addition to the direct and ``install_aliases()`` interfaces (described in -:ref:`standard-library-imports`), ``future`` supports four other interfaces to -the reorganized standard library. This is largely for historical reasons (for -versions prior to 0.14). - - -``future.moves`` interface -__________________________ - -The ``future.moves`` interface avoids import hooks. It may therefore be more -robust, at the cost of less idiomatic code. Use it as follows:: - - from future.moves import queue - from future.moves import socketserver - from future.moves.http.client import HTTPConnection - # etc. - -If you wish to achieve the effect of a two-level import such as this:: - - import http.client - -portably on both Python 2 and Python 3, note that Python currently does not -support syntax like this:: - - from future.moves import http.client - -One workaround is to replace the dot with an underscore:: - - import future.moves.http.client as http_client - - -Comparing future.moves and six.moves -++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - -``future.moves`` and ``six.moves`` provide a similar Python 3-style -interface to the native standard library module definitions. - -The major difference is that the ``future.moves`` package is a real Python package -(``future/moves/__init__.py``) with real modules provided as ``.py`` files, whereas -``six.moves`` constructs fake ``_LazyModule`` module objects within the Python -code and injects them into the ``sys.modules`` cache. - -The advantage of ``six.moves`` is that the code fits in a single module that can be -copied into a project that seeks to eliminate external dependencies. - -The advantage of ``future.moves`` is that it is likely to be more robust in the -face of magic like Django's auto-reloader and tools like ``py2exe`` and -``cx_freeze``. See issues #51, #53, #56, and #63 in the ``six`` project for -more detail of bugs related to the ``six.moves`` approach. - - -``import_`` and ``from_import`` functions -_________________________________________ - -The functional interface is to use the ``import_`` and ``from_import`` -functions from ``future.standard_library`` as follows:: - - from future.standard_library import import_, from_import - - http = import_('http.client') - urllib = import_('urllib.request') - - urlopen, urlsplit = from_import('urllib.request', 'urlopen', 'urlsplit') - -This interface also works with two-level imports. - - -Context-manager for import hooks -________________________________ - -The context-manager interface is via a context-manager called ``hooks``:: - - from future.standard_library import hooks - with hooks(): - import socketserver - import queue - import configparser - import test.support - import html.parser - from collections import UserList - from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest - from http.client import HttpConnection - import urllib.request - # and other moved modules and definitions - -This interface is straightforward and effective, using PEP 302 import -hooks. However, there are reports that this sometimes leads to problems -(see issue #238). Until this is resolved, it is probably safer to use direct -imports or one of the other import mechanisms listed above. - - -install_hooks() call (deprecated) -_________________________________ - -The last interface to the reorganized standard library is via a call to -``install_hooks()``:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_hooks() - - import urllib - f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/') - - standard_library.remove_hooks() - -If you use this interface, it is recommended to disable the import hooks again -after use by calling ``remove_hooks()``, in order to prevent the futurized -modules from being invoked inadvertently by other modules. (Python does not -automatically disable import hooks at the end of a module, but keeps them -active for the life of a process unless removed.) - -.. The call to ``scrub_future_sys_modules()`` removes any modules from the -.. ``sys.modules`` cache (on Py2 only) that have Py3-style names, like ``http.client``. -.. This can prevent libraries that have their own Py2/3 compatibility code from -.. importing the ``future.moves`` or ``future.backports`` modules unintentionally. -.. Code such as this will then fall through to using the Py2 standard library -.. modules on Py2:: -.. -.. try: -.. from http.client import HTTPConnection -.. except ImportError: -.. from httplib import HTTPConnection -.. -.. **Requests**: The above snippet is from the `requests -.. <http://docs.python-requests.org>`_ library. As of v0.12, the -.. ``future.standard_library`` import hooks are compatible with Requests. - - -.. If you wish to avoid changing every reference of ``http.client`` to -.. ``http_client`` in your code, an alternative is this:: -.. -.. from future.standard_library import http -.. from future.standard_library.http import client as _client -.. http.client = client - -.. but it has the advantage that it can be used by automatic translation scripts such as ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize``. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/open_function.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/open_function.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 7915d8a..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/open_function.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -.. _open-function: - -open() ------- - -The Python 3 builtin :func:`open` function for opening files returns file -contents as (unicode) strings unless the binary (``b``) flag is passed, as in:: - - open(filename, 'rb') - -in which case its methods like :func:`read` return Py3 :class:`bytes` objects. - -On Py2 with ``future`` installed, the :mod:`builtins` module provides an -``open`` function that is mostly compatible with that on Python 3 (e.g. it -offers keyword arguments like ``encoding``). This maps to the ``open`` backport -available in the standard library :mod:`io` module on Py2.7. - -One difference to be aware of between the Python 3 ``open`` and -``future.builtins.open`` on Python 2 is that the return types of methods such -as :func:`read()` from the file object that ``open`` returns are not -automatically cast from native bytes or unicode strings on Python 2 to the -corresponding ``future.builtins.bytes`` or ``future.builtins.str`` types. If you -need the returned data to behave the exactly same way on Py2 as on Py3, you can -cast it explicitly as follows:: - - from __future__ import unicode_literals - from builtins import open, bytes - - data = open('image.png', 'rb').read() - # On Py2, data is a standard 8-bit str with loose Unicode coercion. - # data + u'' would likely raise a UnicodeDecodeError - - data = bytes(data) - # Now it behaves like a Py3 bytes object... - - assert data[:4] == b'\x89PNG' - assert data[4] == 13 # integer - # Raises TypeError: - # data + u'' diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/auto2to3.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/auto2to3.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3abd370..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/auto2to3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,122 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python3 -"""Wrapper to run 2to3 automatically at import time. - -Usage: - auto2to3 -m mypackage.main_module - auto2to3 mypackage/script.py - -By default, all modules imported from a subdirectory of the current -directory will be run through `2to3`. To change this behavior, use the -`--package` or `--dir` flags to `auto2to3` to specify which packages or -directories contain Python 2 code that should be converted. - -2to3 output is cached on disk between runs for speed. - -Based on auto2to3.py by Georg Brandl: -http://dev.pocoo.org/hg/sandbox/file/tip/auto2to3.py -""" - -import argparse -import os -import sys -import imp -import runpy -from io import StringIO -from pkgutil import ImpImporter, ImpLoader -import runpy -import sys -import tempfile - -import lib2to3 -from lib2to3.refactor import RefactoringTool, get_fixers_from_package - -fixes = get_fixers_from_package('lib2to3.fixes') -rt = RefactoringTool(fixes) - -PACKAGES = [] -DIRS = [] - -def maybe_2to3(filename, modname=None): - """Returns a python3 version of filename.""" - need_2to3 = False - filename = os.path.abspath(filename) - if any(filename.startswith(d) for d in DIRS): - need_2to3 = True - elif modname is not None and any(modname.startswith(p) for p in PACKAGES): - need_2to3 = True - if not need_2to3: - return filename - outfilename = '/_auto2to3_'.join(os.path.split(filename)) - if (not os.path.exists(outfilename) or - os.stat(filename).st_mtime > os.stat(outfilename).st_mtime): - try: - with open(filename) as file: - contents = file.read() - contents = rt.refactor_docstring(contents, filename) - tree = rt.refactor_string(contents, filename) - except Exception as err: - raise ImportError("2to3 couldn't convert %r" % filename) - outfile = open(outfilename, 'wb') - outfile.write(str(tree).encode('utf8')) - outfile.close() - return outfilename - - - -class ToThreeImporter(ImpImporter): - def find_module(self, fullname, path=None): - # this duplicates most of ImpImporter.find_module - subname = fullname.split(".")[-1] - if subname != fullname and self.path is None: - return None - if self.path is None: - path = None - else: - path = [os.path.realpath(self.path)] - try: - file, filename, etc = imp.find_module(subname, path) - except ImportError: - return None - if file and etc[2] == imp.PY_SOURCE: - outfilename = maybe_2to3(filename, modname=fullname) - if outfilename != filename: - file.close() - filename = outfilename - file = open(filename, 'rb') - return ImpLoader(fullname, file, filename, etc) - - -# setup the hook -sys.path_hooks.append(ToThreeImporter) -for key in sys.path_importer_cache: - if sys.path_importer_cache[key] is None: - sys.path_importer_cache[key] = ToThreeImporter(key) - -def main(): - parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() - parser.add_argument('--package', action='append') - parser.add_argument('--dir', action='append') - parser.add_argument('-m', action='store', metavar='MODULE') - args, rest = parser.parse_known_args() - if args.package: - PACKAGES.extend(args.package) - if args.dir: - DIRS.extend(os.path.abspath(d) for d in args.dir) - if not PACKAGES and not DIRS: - DIRS.append(os.getcwd()) - if args.m: - sys.argv[1:] = rest - runpy.run_module(args.m, run_name='__main__', alter_sys=True) - elif rest: - sys.argv = rest - converted = maybe_2to3(rest[0]) - with open(converted) as f: - new_globals = dict(__name__='__main__', - __file__=rest[0]) - exec(f.read(), new_globals) - else: - import code - code.interact() - -if __name__ == '__main__': - main() diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/find_pattern.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/find_pattern.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1a5da35..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/find_pattern.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python - -"""Script that makes determining PATTERN for a new [2to3] fix much easier. - -Figuring out exactly what PATTERN I want for a given fixer class is -getting tedious. This script will step through each possible subtree -for a given string, allowing you to select which one you want. It will -then try to figure out an appropriate pattern to match that tree. This -pattern will require some editing (it will be overly restrictive) but -should provide a solid base to work with and handle the tricky parts. - -Usage: - - python find_pattern.py "g.throw(E, V, T)" - -This will step through each subtree in the parse. To reject a -candidate subtree, hit enter; to accept a candidate, hit "y" and -enter. The pattern will be spit out to stdout. - -For example, the above will yield a succession of possible snippets, -skipping all leaf-only trees. I accept - -'g.throw(E, V, T)' - -This causes find_pattern to spit out - -power< 'g' trailer< '.' 'throw' > - trailer< '(' arglist< 'E' ',' 'V' ',' 'T' > ')' > > - - -Some minor tweaks later, I'm left with - -power< any trailer< '.' 'throw' > - trailer< '(' args=arglist< exc=any ',' val=any [',' tb=any] > ')' > > - -which is exactly what I was after. - -Larger snippets can be placed in a file (as opposed to a command-line -arg) and processed with the -f option. -""" -from __future__ import print_function - -__author__ = "Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com>" - -# Python imports -import optparse -import sys -from StringIO import StringIO - -# Local imports -from lib2to3 import pytree -from lib2to3.pgen2 import driver -from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols, python_grammar - -driver = driver.Driver(python_grammar, convert=pytree.convert) - -def main(args): - parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage="find_pattern.py [options] [string]") - parser.add_option("-f", "--file", action="store", - help="Read a code snippet from the specified file") - - # Parse command line arguments - options, args = parser.parse_args(args) - if options.file: - tree = driver.parse_file(options.file) - elif len(args) > 1: - tree = driver.parse_stream(StringIO(args[1] + "\n")) - else: - print("You must specify an input file or an input string", file=sys.stderr) - return 1 - - examine_tree(tree) - return 0 - -def examine_tree(tree): - for node in tree.post_order(): - if isinstance(node, pytree.Leaf): - continue - print(repr(str(node))) - verdict = raw_input() - if verdict.strip(): - print(find_pattern(node)) - return - -def find_pattern(node): - if isinstance(node, pytree.Leaf): - return repr(node.value) - - return find_symbol(node.type) + \ - "< " + " ".join(find_pattern(n) for n in node.children) + " >" - -def find_symbol(sym): - for n, v in python_symbols.__dict__.items(): - if v == sym: - return n - -if __name__ == "__main__": - sys.exit(main(sys.argv)) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py deleted file mode 100644 index 36c2205..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python3 -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- - -""" -A script to re-enable colour in .html files produced from IPython notebooks. - -Based on a script in a GitHub gist with this copyright notice: - -#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Copyright (c) 2013 - Damián Avila -# -# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License. -# -# A little snippet to fix @media print issue printing slides from IPython -#----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -""" - -import io -import sys - -notebook = sys.argv[1] -assert notebook.endswith('.html') -# notebook = 'jevans.ipynb' -path = notebook[:-5] + '.html' -flag = u'@media print{*{text-shadow:none !important;color:#000 !important' - -with io.open(path, 'r') as in_file: - data = in_file.readlines() - for i, line in enumerate(data): - if line[:64] == flag: - data[i] = data[i].replace('color:#000 !important;', '') - -with io.open(path, 'w') as out_file: - out_file.writelines(data) - -print("You can now print your slides") diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/lessons.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/lessons.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ede523c..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/lessons.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -The escape() function in this file in Django 1.4: - - /home/user/VirtualEnvs/mezzanine/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/html.py - -atttempts to use the unicode replace method with byte strings. This -causes this exception when running the Mezzanine tests using the newstr -object: - - File "/home/user/VirtualEnvs/mezzanine/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/html.py", line 36, in escape - return mark_safe(force_unicode(html).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<').replace('>', '>').replace('"', '"').replace("'", ''')) - File "/home/user/VirtualEnvs/mezzanine/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/future-0.9.0_dev-py2.7.egg/future/builtins/backports/__init__.py", line 145, in wrapper - raise TypeError(errmsg.format(mytype)) - TypeError: argument can't be <type 'str'> - - -Comment to add to prevent Pylint from issuing warnings on ``from -future.builtins import *``: - - # pylint: disable=W0622,W0401 - -INCOMPATIBLE: array.array() - -Python 2: - >>> array.array(b'b') - array.array(b'b') - - >>> array.array(u'u') - TypeError: must be char, not unicode - -Python 3: - >>> array.array(b'b') - TypeError: must be a unicode character, not bytes - - >>> array.array(u'b') - array('b') - -Maybe use on Py2: - >>> array.array(u'b'.encode('ascii')) ?? - -Long int syntax (e.g. 1000000L) is incompatible with Py3. -We probably shouldn't shadow int with long on Py2 because then isinstance(1, int) is False - -Python 2's bytes object is nothing like Python 3's bytes object! -Running test_bytes.py from Py3 on Py2 (after fixing imports) gives this: - --------------------------------------------------------------- -Ran 203 tests in 0.209s - -FAILED (failures=31, errors=55, skipped=1) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/todo.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/todo.txt deleted file mode 100644 index def7b04..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/todo.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Import open() from codecs to shadow the Py2 open()? diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh deleted file mode 100644 index d5c272d..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# On the local machine - -git checkout v0.16.0 # or whatever -rm -Rf docs/build/ -cd docs; make html -cp cheatsheet.pdf /shared/ -cd build -touch /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip -rm /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip -zip -r /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip * - -scp /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip python-future.org: -scp /shared/cheatsheet.pdf python-future.org: -ssh python-future.org - - -# On the remote machine: - -cd /var/www/python-future.org/ -unzip -o ~/python-future-html-docs.zip -chmod a+r * html/* html/_static/* -cp ~/cheatsheet.pdf ./html/compatible_idioms.pdf -cp ~/cheatsheet.pdf ./html/cheatsheet.pdf diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/useful_links.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/useful_links.txt deleted file mode 100644 index abb9684..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/useful_links.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,110 +0,0 @@ -Official words on porting: --------------------------- -http://docs.python.org/2/howto/pyporting.html -http://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3 - -Other docs to read about porting to Py3: ----------------------------------------- - -https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/2and3/web/dev/python3porting.rst (particularly about doctests) -https://ep2013.europython.eu/media/conference/slides/python-3-the-next-generation-is-here-already.pdf -http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2011/1/22/forwards-compatible-python/ -Supporting both 2 and 3 without 2to3 conversion: http://python3porting.com/noconv.html -http://python3porting.com/strategies.html -http://techspot.zzzeek.org/2011/01/24/zzzeek-s-guide-to-python-3-porting/ -http://dabeaz.blogspot.com.au/2011/01/porting-py65-and-my-superboard-to.html -http://wolfprojects.altervista.org/talks/unicode-and-python-3/ - -Porting Django apps: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/python3/ -http://www.wefearchange.org/2012/01/python-3-porting-fun-redux.html - -http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2011/12/7/thoughts-on-python3/ - -http://python3porting.com/fixers.html -http://washort.twistedmatrix.com/2010/11/unicode-in-python-and-how-to-prevent-it.html -http://docs.python.org/release/3.0.1/whatsnew/3.0.html -https://pypi.org/project/unicode-nazi/ -http://www.rmi.net/~lutz/strings30.html - -"Porting your code to Python 3": Alexandre Vassalotti: peadrop.com/slides/mp5.pdf - -Migration problems: -------------------- -http://python3porting.com/problems.html -http://www.wefearchange.org/2012/01/python-3-porting-fun-redux.html - -Six module: http://pythonhosted.org/six/ - -Dive Into Python: Appendix A: Porting Code to Python 3 with 2to3: http://getpython3.com/diveintopython3/porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html - -Stdlib reorganization: http://python3porting.com/stdlib.html - -python-modernize: https://github.com/mitsuhiko/python-modernize - -2to3 docs describing the different fixers: http://docs.python.org/2/library/2to3.html - -Injecting code into running Python processes (hopefully not needed): https://pypi.org/project/pyrasite/2.0/ - -Withdrawn PEP to help with the Py3k standard library transition: http://www.peps.io/364/ - -Import hooks ------------- -http://www.peps.io/302/ -"Hacking Python imports ... for fun and profit": blog post from 2012-05: http://xion.org.pl/2012/05/06/hacking-python-imports/ - -Full importlib backport to Py2: https://pypi.org/project/backport_importlib/0...1/ - -Python 2.7 importlib subset: http://docs.python.org/2/whatsnew/2.7.html#importlib-section - -Post-import hooks (rendered obsolete by importlib): http://blog.cdleary.com/2009/04/monstrous-polymorphism-and-a-python-post-import-hook-decorator/ - -'An import hook for Python 3 that removes u prefixes ' - 'from Python source code before compiling it.': https://bitbucket.org/vinay.sajip/uprefix/ - - -__future__ imports ------------------- -http://simeonvisser.com/posts/how-does-from-future-import-work-in-python.html -http://docs.python.org/2/library/__future__.html - -lib3to2 -------- -https://bitbucket.org/amentajo/lib3to2 -http://www.startcodon.com/wordpress/category/3to2/ - -Unicode and bytes ------------------ -PEPs: 358, 3112, 3137, 3138 -http://python3porting.com/noconv.html#unicode-section -Unicode literals u'...' back in Python 3.3: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0414/ -https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/utils/encoding.py -https://pypi.org/project/unicode-nazi/ -http://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes-methods -http://wolfprojects.altervista.org/talks/unicode-and-python-3/ -Buffer protocol (which bytes and bytes-like objects obey): http://docs.python.org/3.3/c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects - - -Python's future ----------------- -https://ncoghlan-devs-python-notes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python3/questions_and_answers.html - -http://www.ironfroggy.com/software/i-am-worried-about-the-future-of-python - -Backporting ------------ -http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7507492/is-backporting-python-3s-range-to-python-2-a-bad-idea - - -Other ------ -Type-checking decorators (maybe useful for implementing a Py3-like bytes -object in Py2): http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#Type_Enforcement_.28accepts.2Freturns.29 -Also: typecheck module on PyPI - -To categorize -------------- - -https://pypi.org/project/awkwardduet/1.1a4/ -https://github.com/campadrenalin/persei/blob/master/persei.py -http://slideshare.net/dabeaz/mastering-python-3-io -http://rmi.net/~lutz/strings30.html diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/overview.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/overview.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 72a3355..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/overview.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -.. include:: ../README.rst diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/pasteurize.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/pasteurize.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 070b5d1..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/pasteurize.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -.. _backwards-conversion: - -``pasteurize``: Py3 to Py2/3 ----------------------------- - -Running ``pasteurize -w mypy3module.py`` turns this Python 3 code:: - - import configparser - import copyreg - - class Blah: - pass - print('Hello', end=None) - -into this code which runs on both Py2 and Py3:: - - from __future__ import print_function - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_hooks() - - import configparser - import copyreg - - class Blah(object): - pass - print('Hello', end=None) - -Notice that both ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` create explicit new-style -classes that inherit from ``object`` on both Python versions, and both -refer to stdlib modules (as well as builtins) under their Py3 names. - -Note also that the ``configparser`` module is a special case; there is a full -backport available on PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/configparser/), so, as -of v0.16.0, ``python-future`` no longer provides a ``configparser`` package -alias. To use the resulting code on Py2, install the ``configparser`` backport -with ``pip install configparser`` or by adding it to your ``requirements.txt`` -file. - -``pasteurize`` also handles the following Python 3 features: - -- keyword-only arguments -- metaclasses (using :func:`~future.utils.with_metaclass`) -- extended tuple unpacking (PEP 3132) - -To handle function annotations (PEP 3107), see :ref:`func_annotations`. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/quickstart.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/quickstart.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 6042e05..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/quickstart.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ -.. _quickstart-guide: - -Quick-start guide -================= - -You can use ``future`` to help to port your code from Python 2 to Python 3 -today -- and still have it run on Python 2. - -If you already have Python 3 code, you can instead use ``future`` to -offer Python 2 compatibility with almost no extra work. - -Installation ------------- - -To install the latest stable version, type:: - - pip install future - -If you would prefer the latest development version, it is available `here -<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_. - - -If you are writing code from scratch ------------------------------------- - -The easiest way is to start each new module with these lines:: - - from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, - print_function, unicode_literals) - from builtins import * - -Then write standard Python 3 code. The :mod:`future` package will -provide support for running your code on Python 2.7, and 3.4+ mostly -unchanged. - -- For explicit import forms, see :ref:`explicit-imports`. -- For more details, see :ref:`what-else`. -- For a cheat sheet, see :ref:`compatible-idioms`. - - -To convert existing Python 3 code ---------------------------------- - -To offer backward compatibility with Python 2 from your Python 3 code, -you can use the ``pasteurize`` script. This adds these lines at the top of each -module:: - - from __future__ import absolute_import - from __future__ import division - from __future__ import print_function - from __future__ import unicode_literals - - from builtins import open - from builtins import str - # etc., as needed - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - -and converts several Python 3-only constructs (like keyword-only arguments) to a -form compatible with both Py3 and Py2. Most remaining Python 3 code should -simply work on Python 2. - -See :ref:`backwards-conversion` for more details. - - -To convert existing Python 2 code ---------------------------------- - -.. include:: futurize_overview.rst - -See :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage1` and :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage2` for more details. - -.. If you already know Python 3, start with the :ref:`automatic-conversion` page. -.. If you don't know Python 3 yet, start with :ref:`python3-essentials`. - - -.. _standard-library: - -Standard library reorganization -------------------------------- - -:mod:`future` supports the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108) via -one of several mechanisms, allowing most moved standard library modules -to be accessed under their Python 3 names and locations in Python 2:: - - from future import standard_library - standard_library.install_aliases() - - # Then these Py3-style imports work on both Python 2 and Python 3: - import socketserver - import queue - from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString - from collections import ChainMap # even on Py2.7 - from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest - - import html - import html.entities - import html.parser - - import http - import http.client - import http.server - import http.cookies - import http.cookiejar - - import urllib.request - import urllib.parse - import urllib.response - import urllib.error - import urllib.robotparser - - import xmlrpc.client - import xmlrpc.server - -and others. For a complete list, see :ref:`direct-imports`. - -.. _py2-dependencies: - -Python 2-only dependencies --------------------------- - -If you have dependencies that support only Python 2, you may be able to use the -``past`` module to automatically translate these Python 2 modules to Python 3 -upon import. First, install the Python 2-only package into your Python 3 -environment:: - - $ pip3 install mypackagename --no-compile # to ignore SyntaxErrors - -(or use ``pip`` if this points to your Py3 environment.) - -Then add the following code at the top of your (Py3 or Py2/3-compatible) -code:: - - from past.translation import autotranslate - autotranslate(['mypackagename']) - import mypackagename - -This feature is experimental, and we would appreciate your feedback on -how well this works or doesn't work for you. Please file an issue `here -<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_ or post to the -`python-porting <https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-porting>`_ -mailing list. - -For more information on the automatic translation feature, see :ref:`translation`. - - -Next steps ----------- -For more information about writing Py2/3-compatible code, see: - -- :ref:`compatible-idioms` -- :ref:`what-else`. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/reference.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/reference.rst deleted file mode 100644 index d9ac5e1..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/reference.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ -API Reference (in progress) -*************************** - -**NOTE: This page is still a work in progress... We need to go through our -docstrings and make them sphinx-compliant, and figure out how to improve -formatting with the sphinx-bootstrap-theme plugin. Pull requests would be -very welcome.** - - -.. contents:: - :local: - :depth: 2 - -future.builtins Interface -========================= - -.. automodule:: future.builtins - :members: - -.. Docs are also in future-builtins.rst. Extract these and put them into the -.. relevant docstrings. - - -Backported types from Python 3 -============================== - -.. automodule:: future.types - :members: - - -future.standard_library Interface -================================= - -.. automodule:: future.standard_library - :members: - - -future.utils Interface -====================== - -.. automodule:: future.utils - :members: - - -past.builtins Interface -========================= - -.. automodule:: past.builtins - :members: - -.. Docs are also in future-builtins.rst. Extract these and put them into the -.. relevant docstrings. - - -Forward-ported types from Python 2 -================================== - -.. automodule:: past.types - :members: - - - -.. bytes -.. ----- -.. .. automodule:: future.types.newbytes -.. -.. dict -.. ----- -.. .. automodule:: future.types.newdict -.. -.. int -.. --- -.. .. automodule:: future.builtins.backports.newint -.. -.. range -.. ----- -.. .. automodule:: future.types.newrange -.. -.. str -.. --- -.. .. automodule:: future.types.newstr diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/roadmap.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/roadmap.rst deleted file mode 100644 index c5020d5..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/roadmap.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -Development roadmap -=================== - -futurize script ---------------- - -1. "Safe" mode -- from Py2 to modern Py2 or Py3 to more-compatible Py3 - - - Split the fixers into two categories: safe and bold - - Safe is highly unlikely to break existing Py2 or Py3 support. The - output of this still requires :mod:`future` imports. Examples: - - - Compatible metaclass syntax on Py3 - - Explicit inheritance from object on Py3 - - - Bold might make assumptions about which strings on Py2 should be - unicode strings and which should be bytestrings. - - - We should also build up a database of which standard library - interfaces on Py2 and Py3 accept unicode strings versus - byte-strings, which have changed, and which haven't. - -2. Windows support - -future package --------------- - -- [Done] Add more tests for bytes ... preferably all from test_bytes.py in Py3.3. -- [Done] Add remove_hooks() and install_hooks() as functions in the - :mod:`future.standard_library` module. (See the uprefix module for how - to do this.) - -Experimental: -- Add:: - - from future import bytes_literals - from future import new_metaclass_syntax - from future import new_style_classes - -- [Done] Maybe:: - - from future.builtins import str - - should import a custom str is a Py3 str-like object which inherits from unicode and - removes the decode() method and has any other Py3-like behaviours - (possibly stricter casting?) diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/standard_library_imports.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/standard_library_imports.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 6044254..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/standard_library_imports.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,181 +0,0 @@ -.. _standard-library-imports: - -Standard library imports ------------------------- - -:mod:`future` supports the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108) through -several mechanisms. - -.. _direct-imports: - -Direct imports -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -As of version 0.14, the ``future`` package comes with top-level packages for -Python 2.x that provide access to the reorganized standard library modules -under their Python 3.x names. - -Direct imports are the preferred mechanism for accesing the renamed standard -library modules in Python 2/3 compatible code. For example, the following clean -Python 3 code runs unchanged on Python 2 after installing ``future``:: - - >>> # Alias for future.builtins on Py2: - >>> from builtins import str, open, range, dict - - >>> # Top-level packages with Py3 names provided on Py2: - >>> import queue - >>> import tkinter.dialog - >>> etc. - -Notice that this code actually runs on Python 3 without the presence of the -``future`` package. - -Of the 44 modules that were refactored with PEP 3108 (standard library -reorganization), 29 are supported with direct imports in the above manner. The -complete list is here:: - - ### Renamed modules: - - import builtins - - import copyreg - - import html - import html.entities - import html.parser - - import http.client - import http.cookies - import http.cookiejar - import http.server - - import queue - - import reprlib - - import socketserver - - from tkinter import colorchooser - from tkinter import commondialog - from tkinter import constants - from tkinter import dialog - from tkinter import dnd - from tkinter import filedialog - from tkinter import font - from tkinter import messagebox - from tkinter import scrolledtext - from tkinter import simpledialog - from tkinter import tix - from tkinter import ttk - - import winreg # Windows only - - import xmlrpc.client - import xmlrpc.server - - import _dummy_thread - import _markupbase - import _thread - -Note that, as of v0.16.0, ``python-future`` no longer includes an alias for the -``configparser`` module because a full backport exists (see https://pypi.org/project/configparser/). - -.. _list-standard-library-refactored: - -Aliased imports -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -The following 14 modules were refactored or extended from Python 2.7 to 3.x -but were neither renamed in Py3.x nor were the new APIs backported to Py2.x. -This precludes compatibility interfaces that work out-of-the-box. Instead, the -``future`` package makes the Python 3.x APIs available on Python 2.x as -follows:: - - from future.standard_library import install_aliases - install_aliases() - - from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString - - import urllib.parse - import urllib.request - import urllib.response - import urllib.robotparser - import urllib.error - - import dbm - import dbm.dumb - import dbm.gnu # requires Python dbm support - import dbm.ndbm # requires Python dbm support - - from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest - - from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput - - from sys import intern - - import test.support - - -The newly exposed ``urllib`` submodules are backports of those from Py3.x. -This means, for example, that ``urllib.parse.unquote()`` now exists and takes -an optional ``encoding`` argument on Py2.x as it does on Py3.x. - -**Limitation:** Note that the ``http``-based backports do not currently support -HTTPS (as of 2015-09-11) because the SSL support changed considerably in Python -3.x. If you need HTTPS support, please use this idiom for now:: - - from future.moves.urllib.request import urlopen - -Backports also exist of the following features from Python 3.4: - -- ``math.ceil`` returns an int on Py3 -- ``collections.ChainMap`` (for 2.7) -- ``reprlib.recursive_repr`` (for 2.7) - -These can then be imported on Python 2.7+ as follows:: - - from future.standard_library import install_aliases - install_aliases() - - from math import ceil # now returns an int - from collections import ChainMap - from reprlib import recursive_repr - - -External standard-library backports ------------------------------------ - -Backports of the following modules from the Python 3.x standard library are -available independently of the python-future project:: - - import enum # pip install enum34 - import singledispatch # pip install singledispatch - import pathlib # pip install pathlib - -A few modules from Python 3.4 are also available in the ``backports`` -package namespace after ``pip install backports.lzma`` etc.:: - - from backports import lzma - from backports import functools_lru_cache as lru_cache - - -Included full backports ------------------------ - -Alpha-quality full backports of the following modules from Python 3.3's -standard library to Python 2.x are also available in ``future.backports``:: - - http.client - http.server - html.entities - html.parser - urllib - xmlrpc.client - xmlrpc.server - -The goal for these modules, unlike the modules in the ``future.moves`` package -or top-level namespace, is to backport new functionality introduced in Python -3.3. - -If you need the full backport of one of these packages, please open an issue `here -<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 5f2217d..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,106 +0,0 @@ -.. _stdlib-incompatibilities: - -Standard library incompatibilities -================================== - -Some standard library interfaces have changed in ways that require -different code than normal Py3 code in order to achieve Py2/3 -compatibility. - -Here we will attempt to document these, together with known workarounds: - -.. csv-table:: Standard library incompatibilities - :header: "module", "object / feature", "section" - :widths: 10, 20, 15 - - ``array``, ``array`` constructor, :ref:`stdlib-array-constructor` - ``array``, ``array.read()`` method, :ref:`stdlib-array-read` - ``base64``, ``decodebytes()`` function, :ref:`stdlib-base64-decodebytes` - ``re``, ``ASCII`` mode, :ref:`stdlib-re-ASCII` - -To contribute to this, please email the python-porting list or send a -pull request. See :ref:`contributing`. - - -.. _stdlib-array-constructor: - -array.array() -------------- - -The first argument to ``array.array(typecode[, initializer])`` must be a native -platform string: unicode string on Python 3, byte string on Python 2. - -Python 2:: - >>> array.array(b'b') - array.array(b'b') - - >>> array.array(u'u') - TypeError: must be char, not unicode - -Python 3:: - >>> array.array(b'b') - TypeError: must be a unicode character, not bytes - - >>> array.array(u'b') - array('b') - -This means that the typecode cannot be specified portably across Python 3 and Python 2 -with a single string literal when ``from __future__ import unicode_literals`` is in effect. - -You can use the following code on both Python 3 and Python 2:: - - from __future__ import unicode_literals - from future.utils import bytes_to_native_str - import array - - # ... - - a = array.array(bytes_to_native_str(b'b')) - -This was `fixed in Python 2.7.11 -<https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/6d1b6a68f775/Misc/NEWS#l233>`_. -Since then, ``array.array()`` now also accepts unicode format typecode. - -.. _stdlib-array-read: - -array.array.read() ------------------- -This method has been removed in Py3. This crops up in e.g. porting ``http.client``. - - -.. _stdlib-base64-decodebytes: - -base64.decodebytes() and base64.encodebytes() ---------------------------------------------- -The ``base64`` module on Py2 has no ``decodebytes`` or ``encodebytes`` functions. - - -.. _stdlib-re-ASCII: - -re.ASCII --------- -Python 3 code using regular expressions sometimes looks like this (from -:mod:`urllib.request`):: - - re.compile(r":\d+$", re.ASCII) - -This enables 'ASCII mode' for regular expressions (see the docs `here -<http://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.ASCII>`_). Python 2's -:mod:`re` module has no equivalent mode. - -struct.pack() -------------- - -Before Python version 2.7.7, the :func:`struct.pack` function -required a native string as its format argument. For example:: - - >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals - >>> from struct import pack - >>> pack('<4H2I', version, rec_type, build, year, file_hist_flags, ver_can_read) - -raised ``TypeError: Struct() argument 1 must be string, not unicode``. - -This was `fixed in Python 2.7.7 -<https://hg.python.org/cpython/raw-file/f89216059edf/Misc/NEWS>`_. -Since then, ``struct.pack()`` now also accepts unicode format -strings. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/str_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/str_object.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 4c5257a..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/str_object.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -.. _str-object: - -str ------ - -The :class:`str` object in Python 3 is quite similar but not identical to the -Python 2 :class:`unicode` object. - -The major difference is the stricter type-checking of Py3's ``str`` that -enforces a distinction between unicode strings and byte-strings, such as when -comparing, concatenating, joining, or replacing parts of strings. - -There are also other differences, such as the ``repr`` of unicode strings in -Py2 having a ``u'...'`` prefix, versus simply ``'...'``, and the removal of -the :func:`str.decode` method in Py3. - -:mod:`future` contains a :class:`newstr`` type that is a backport of the -:mod:`str` object from Python 3. This inherits from the Python 2 -:class:`unicode` class but has customizations to improve compatibility with -Python 3's :class:`str` object. You can use it as follows:: - - >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals - >>> from builtins import str - -On Py2, this gives us:: - - >>> str - future.types.newstr.newstr - -(On Py3, it is simply the usual builtin :class:`str` object.) - -Then, for example, the following code has the same effect on Py2 as on Py3:: - - >>> s = str(u'ABCD') - >>> assert s != b'ABCD' - >>> assert isinstance(s.encode('utf-8'), bytes) - >>> assert isinstance(b.decode('utf-8'), str) - - These raise TypeErrors: - - >>> bytes(b'B') in s - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - TypeError: 'in <string>' requires string as left operand, not <type 'str'> - - >>> s.find(bytes(b'A')) - Traceback (most recent call last): - File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> - TypeError: argument can't be <type 'str'> - -Various other operations that mix strings and bytes or other types are -permitted on Py2 with the :class:`newstr` class even though they -are illegal with Python 3. For example:: - - >>> s2 = b'/' + str('ABCD') - >>> s2 - '/ABCD' - >>> type(s2) - future.types.newstr.newstr - -This is allowed for compatibility with parts of the Python 2 standard -library and various third-party libraries that mix byte-strings and unicode -strings loosely. One example is ``os.path.join`` on Python 2, which -attempts to add the byte-string ``b'/'`` to its arguments, whether or not -they are unicode. (See ``posixpath.py``.) Another example is the -:func:`escape` function in Django 1.4's :mod:`django.utils.html`. - - -.. For example, this is permissible on Py2:: -.. -.. >>> u'u' > 10 -.. True -.. -.. >>> u'u' <= b'u' -.. True -.. -.. On Py3, these raise TypeErrors. - -In most other ways, these :class:`builtins.str` objects on Py2 have the -same behaviours as Python 3's :class:`str`:: - - >>> s = str('ABCD') - >>> assert repr(s) == 'ABCD' # consistent repr with Py3 (no u prefix) - >>> assert list(s) == ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] - >>> assert s.split('B') == ['A', 'CD'] - - -The :class:`str` type from :mod:`builtins` also provides support for the -``surrogateescape`` error handler on Python 2.x. Here is an example that works -identically on Python 2.x and 3.x:: - - >>> from builtins import str - >>> s = str(u'\udcff') - >>> s.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape') - b'\xff' - -This feature is in alpha. Please leave feedback `here -<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues>`_ about whether this -works for you. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/translation.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/translation.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 632c46b..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/translation.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -.. _translation: - -Using Python 2-only dependencies on Python 3 --------------------------------------------- - -The ``past`` module provides an experimental ``translation`` package to help -with importing and using old Python 2 modules in a Python 3 environment. - -This is implemented using PEP 414 import hooks together with fixers from -``lib2to3`` and ``libfuturize`` (included with ``python-future``) that -attempt to automatically translate Python 2 code to Python 3 code with equivalent -semantics upon import. - -*Note* This feature is still in alpha and needs further development to support a -full range of real-world Python 2 modules. Also be aware that the API for -this package might change considerably in later versions. - -Here is how to use it:: - - $ pip3 install plotrique==0.2.5-7 --no-compile # to ignore SyntaxErrors - $ python3 - -Then pass in a whitelist of module name prefixes to the -``past.translation.autotranslate()`` function. Example:: - - >>> from past.translation import autotranslate - >>> autotranslate(['plotrique']) - >>> import plotrique - -Here is another example:: - - >>> from past.translation import install_hooks, remove_hooks - >>> install_hooks(['mypy2module']) - >>> import mypy2module - >>> remove_hooks() - -This will translate, import and run Python 2 code such as the following:: - - ### File: mypy2module.py - - # Print statements are translated transparently to functions: - print 'Hello from a print statement' - - # xrange() is translated to Py3's range(): - total = 0 - for i in xrange(10): - total += i - print 'Total is: %d' % total - - # Dictionary methods like .keys() and .items() are supported and - # return lists as on Python 2: - d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} - assert d.keys() == ['a', 'b'] - assert isinstance(d.items(), list) - - # Functions like range, reduce, map, filter also return lists: - assert isinstance(range(10), list) - - # The exec statement is supported: - exec 'total += 1' - print 'Total is now: %d' % total - - # Long integers are supported: - k = 1234983424324L - print 'k + 1 = %d' % k - - # Most renamed standard library modules are supported: - import ConfigParser - import HTMLParser - import urllib - - -The attributes of the module are then accessible normally from Python 3. -For example:: - - # This Python 3 code works - >>> type(mypy2module.d) - builtins.dict - -This is a standard Python 3 data type, so, when called from Python 3 code, -``keys()`` returns a view, not a list:: - - >>> type(mypy2module.d.keys()) - builtins.dict_keys - - -.. _translation-limitations: - -Known limitations of ``past.translation`` -***************************************** - -- It currently requires a newline at the end of the module or it throws a - ``ParseError``. - -- This only works with pure-Python modules. C extension modules and Cython code - are not supported. - -- The biggest hurdle to automatic translation is likely to be ambiguity - about byte-strings and text (unicode strings) in the Python 2 code. If the - ``past.autotranslate`` feature fails because of this, you could try - running ``futurize`` over the code and adding a ``b''`` or ``u''`` prefix to - the relevant string literals. To convert between byte-strings and text (unicode - strings), add an ``.encode`` or ``.decode`` method call. If this succeeds, - please push your patches upstream to the package maintainers. - -- Otherwise, the source translation feature offered by the ``past.translation`` - package has similar limitations to the ``futurize`` script (see - :ref:`futurize-limitations`). Help developing and testing this feature further - would be particularly welcome. - -Please report any bugs you find on the ``python-future`` `bug tracker -<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/>`_. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/unicode_literals.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/unicode_literals.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 7252e4d..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/unicode_literals.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,197 +0,0 @@ -.. _unicode-literals: - -Should I import unicode_literals? ---------------------------------- - -The ``future`` package can be used with or without ``unicode_literals`` -imports. - -In general, it is more compelling to use ``unicode_literals`` when -back-porting new or existing Python 3 code to Python 2/3 than when porting -existing Python 2 code to 2/3. In the latter case, explicitly marking up all -unicode string literals with ``u''`` prefixes would help to avoid -unintentionally changing the existing Python 2 API. However, if changing the -existing Python 2 API is not a concern, using ``unicode_literals`` may speed up -the porting process. - -This section summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of using -``unicode_literals``. To avoid confusion, we recommend using -``unicode_literals`` everywhere across a code-base or not at all, instead of -turning on for only some modules. - - - -Benefits -~~~~~~~~ - -1. String literals are unicode on Python 3. Making them unicode on Python 2 - leads to more consistency of your string types across the two - runtimes. This can make it easier to understand and debug your code. - -2. Code without ``u''`` prefixes is cleaner, one of the claimed advantages - of Python 3. Even though some unicode strings would require a function - call to invert them to native strings for some Python 2 APIs (see - :ref:`stdlib-incompatibilities`), the incidence of these function calls - would usually be much lower than the incidence of ``u''`` prefixes for text - strings in the absence of ``unicode_literals``. - -3. The diff when porting to a Python 2/3-compatible codebase may be smaller, - less noisy, and easier to review with ``unicode_literals`` than if an - explicit ``u''`` prefix is added to every unadorned string literal. - -4. If support for Python 3.2 is required (e.g. for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS or - Debian wheezy), ``u''`` prefixes are a ``SyntaxError``, making - ``unicode_literals`` the only option for a Python 2/3 compatible - codebase. [However, note that ``future`` doesn't support Python 3.0-3.2.] - - -Drawbacks -~~~~~~~~~ - -1. Adding ``unicode_literals`` to a module amounts to a "global flag day" for - that module, changing the data types of all strings in the module at once. - Cautious developers may prefer an incremental approach. (See - `here <http://lwn.net/Articles/165039/>`_ for an excellent article - describing the superiority of an incremental patch-set in the the case - of the Linux kernel.) - -.. This is a larger-scale change than adding explicit ``u''`` prefixes to -.. all strings that should be Unicode. - -2. Changing to ``unicode_literals`` will likely introduce regressions on - Python 2 that require an initial investment of time to find and fix. The - APIs may be changed in subtle ways that are not immediately obvious. - - An example on Python 2:: - - ### Module: mypaths.py - - ... - def unix_style_path(path): - return path.replace('\\', '/') - ... - - ### User code: - - >>> path1 = '\\Users\\Ed' - >>> unix_style_path(path1) - '/Users/ed' - - On Python 2, adding a ``unicode_literals`` import to ``mypaths.py`` would - change the return type of the ``unix_style_path`` function from ``str`` to - ``unicode`` in the user code, which is difficult to anticipate and probably - unintended. - - The counter-argument is that this code is broken, in a portability - sense; we see this from Python 3 raising a ``TypeError`` upon passing the - function a byte-string. The code needs to be changed to make explicit - whether the ``path`` argument is to be a byte string or a unicode string. - -3. With ``unicode_literals`` in effect, there is no way to specify a native - string literal (``str`` type on both platforms). This can be worked around as follows:: - - >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals - >>> ... - >>> from future.utils import bytes_to_native_str as n - - >>> s = n(b'ABCD') - >>> s - 'ABCD' # on both Py2 and Py3 - - although this incurs a performance penalty (a function call and, on Py3, - a ``decode`` method call.) - - This is a little awkward because various Python library APIs (standard - and non-standard) require a native string to be passed on both Py2 - and Py3. (See :ref:`stdlib-incompatibilities` for some examples. WSGI - dictionaries are another.) - -3. If a codebase already explicitly marks up all text with ``u''`` prefixes, - and if support for Python versions 3.0-3.2 can be dropped, then - removing the existing ``u''`` prefixes and replacing these with - ``unicode_literals`` imports (the porting approach Django used) would - introduce more noise into the patch and make it more difficult to review. - However, note that the ``futurize`` script takes advantage of PEP 414 and - does not remove explicit ``u''`` prefixes that already exist. - -4. Turning on ``unicode_literals`` converts even docstrings to unicode, but - Pydoc breaks with unicode docstrings containing non-ASCII characters for - Python versions < 2.7.7. (`Fix - committed <http://bugs.python.org/issue1065986#msg207403>`_ in Jan 2014.):: - - >>> def f(): - ... u"Author: Martin von Löwis" - - >>> help(f) - - /Users/schofield/Install/anaconda/python.app/Contents/lib/python2.7/pydoc.pyc in pipepager(text, cmd) - 1376 pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w') - 1377 try: - -> 1378 pipe.write(text) - 1379 pipe.close() - 1380 except IOError: - - UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xf6' in position 71: ordinal not in range(128) - -See `this Stack Overflow thread -<http://stackoverflow.com/questions/809796/any-gotchas-using-unicode-literals-in-python-2-6>`_ -for other gotchas. - - -Others' perspectives -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -In favour of ``unicode_literals`` -********************************* - -Django recommends importing ``unicode_literals`` as its top `porting tip <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/python3/#unicode-literals>`_ for -migrating Django extension modules to Python 3. The following `quote -<https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/django-developers/2ddIWdicbNY>`_ is -from Aymeric Augustin on 23 August 2012 regarding why he chose -``unicode_literals`` for the port of Django to a Python 2/3-compatible -codebase.: - - "... I'd like to explain why this PEP [PEP 414, which allows explicit - ``u''`` prefixes for unicode literals on Python 3.3+] is at odds with - the porting philosophy I've applied to Django, and why I would have - vetoed taking advantage of it. - - "I believe that aiming for a Python 2 codebase with Python 3 - compatibility hacks is a counter-productive way to port a project. You - end up with all the drawbacks of Python 2 (including the legacy `u` - prefixes) and none of the advantages Python 3 (especially the sane - string handling). - - "Working to write Python 3 code, with legacy compatibility for Python - 2, is much more rewarding. Of course it takes more effort, but the - results are much cleaner and much more maintainable. It's really about - looking towards the future or towards the past. - - "I understand the reasons why PEP 414 was proposed and why it was - accepted. It makes sense for legacy software that is minimally - maintained. I hope nobody puts Django in this category!" - - -Against ``unicode_literals`` -**************************** - - "There are so many subtle problems that ``unicode_literals`` causes. - For instance lots of people accidentally introduce unicode into - filenames and that seems to work, until they are using it on a system - where there are unicode characters in the filesystem path." - - -- Armin Ronacher - - "+1 from me for avoiding the unicode_literals future, as it can have - very strange side effects in Python 2.... This is one of the key - reasons I backed Armin's PEP 414." - - -- Nick Coghlan - - "Yeah, one of the nuisances of the WSGI spec is that the header values - IIRC are the str or StringType on both py2 and py3. With - unicode_literals this causes hard-to-spot bugs, as some WSGI servers - might be more tolerant than others, but usually using unicode in python - 2 for WSGI headers will cause the response to fail." - - -- Antti Haapala diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/upgrading.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/upgrading.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0d8afca..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/upgrading.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -.. upgrading - -Upgrading -********* - -We strive to support compatibility between versions of ``python-future``. Part of this involves keeping around old interfaces and marking them as deprecated for a period to allow projects to transition in a straightforward manner to using the new interfaces. - - -.. upgrading-to-v0.12 - -Upgrading to v0.12 -================== diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/utilities.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/utilities.rst deleted file mode 100644 index e3f1e9c..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/utilities.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,48 +0,0 @@ -.. _utilities-guide: - -Utilities ---------- - -:mod:`future` also provides some useful functions and decorators to ease -backward compatibility with Py2 in the :mod:`future.utils` and -:mod:`past.utils` modules. These are a selection of the most useful functions -from ``six`` and various home-grown Py2/3 compatibility modules from popular -Python projects, such as Jinja2, Pandas, IPython, and Django. The goal is to -consolidate these in one place, tested and documented, obviating the need for -every project to repeat this work. - -Examples:: - - # Functions like print() expect __str__ on Py2 to return a byte - # string. This decorator maps the __str__ to __unicode__ on Py2 and - # defines __str__ to encode it as utf-8: - - from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible - - @python_2_unicode_compatible - class MyClass(object): - def __str__(self): - return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50' - a = MyClass() - - # This then prints the Chinese characters for Confucius: - print(a) - - - # Iterators on Py3 require a __next__() method, whereas on Py2 this - # is called next(). This decorator allows Py3-style iterators to work - # identically on Py2: - - @implements_iterator - class Upper(object): - def __init__(self, iterable): - self._iter = iter(iterable) - def __next__(self): # note the Py3 interface - return next(self._iter).upper() - def __iter__(self): - return self - - print(list(Upper('hello'))) - # prints ['H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O'] - -On Python 3 these decorators are no-ops. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/what_else.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/what_else.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 51f1986..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/what_else.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -.. _what-else: - -What else you need to know -************************** - -The following points are important to know about when writing Python 2/3 -compatible code. - -.. _what-else-essentials: - -.. include:: bytes_object.rst -.. include:: str_object.rst -.. include:: dict_object.rst -.. include:: int_object.rst -.. include:: isinstance.rst -.. include:: open_function.rst -.. include:: custom_str_methods.rst -.. include:: custom_iterators.rst - -.. _what-else-advanced: - -.. include:: bind_method.rst -.. include:: metaclasses.rst - -.. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/whatsnew.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/whatsnew.rst deleted file mode 100644 index e0b4603..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/whatsnew.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,174 +0,0 @@ -.. _whats-new: - -What's New -********** - -What's new in version 0.18.2 (2019-10-30) -========================================= -This is a minor bug-fix release containing a number of fixes: -- Fix min/max functions with generators, and 'None' default (PR #514) -- Use BaseException in raise_() (PR #515) -- Fix builtins.round() for Decimals (Issue #501) -- Fix raise_from() to prevent failures with immutable classes (PR #518) -- Make FixInput idempotent (Issue #427) -- Fix type in newround (PR #521) -- Support mimetype guessing in urllib2 for Py3.8+ (Issue #508) - -Python 3.8 is not yet officially supported. - -What's new in version 0.18.1 (2019-10-09) -========================================= -This is a minor bug-fix release containing a fix for raise_() -when passed an exception that's not an Exception (e.g. BaseException -subclasses) - -What's new in version 0.18.0 (2019-10-09) -========================================= -This is a major bug-fix and feature release, including: - -- Fix collections.abc import for py38+ -- Remove import for isnewbytes() function, reducing CPU cost significantly -- Fix bug with importing past.translation when importing past which breaks zipped python installations -- Fix an issue with copyreg import under Py3 that results in unexposed stdlib functionality -- Export and document types in future.utils -- Update behavior of newstr.__eq__() to match str.__eq__() as per reference docs -- Fix raising and the raising fixer to handle cases where the syntax is ambigious -- Allow "default" parameter in min() and max() (Issue #334) -- Implement __hash__() in newstr (Issue #454) -- Future proof some version checks to handle the fact that Py4 won't be a major breaking release -- Fix urllib.request imports for Python 3.8 compatibility (Issue #447) -- Fix future import ordering (Issue #445) -- Fixed bug in fix_division_safe fixture (Issue #434) -- Do not globally destroy re.ASCII in PY3 -- Fix a bug in email.Message.set_boundary() (Issue #429) -- Implement format_map() in str -- Implement readinto() for socket.fp - -As well as a number of corrections to a variety of documentation, and updates to -test infrastructure. - -What's new in version 0.17.1 (2018-10-30) -========================================= -This release address a packaging error because of an erroneous declaration that -any built wheels are universal. - -What's new in version 0.17.0 (2018-10-19) -========================================= - -This is a major bug-fix release, including: - -- Fix ``from collections import ChainMap`` after install_aliases() (issue #226) -- Fix multiple import from ``__future__`` bug in futurize (issue #113) -- Add support for proper %s formatting of newbytes -- Properly implement iterator protocol for newrange object -- Fix ``past.translation`` on read-only file systems -- Fix Tkinter import bug introduced in Python 2.7.4 (issue #262) -- Correct TypeError to ValueError in a specific edge case for newrange -- Support inequality tests betwen newstrs and newbytes -- Add type check to __get__ in newsuper -- Fix fix_divsion_safe to support better conversion of complex expressions, and - skip obvious float division. - -As well as a number of corrections to a variety of documentation, and updates to -test infrastructure. - -What's new in version 0.16.0 (2016-10-27) -========================================== - -This release removes the ``configparser`` package as an alias for -``ConfigParser`` on Py2 to improve compatibility with the backported -`configparser package <https://pypi.org/project/configparser/>`. Previously -``python-future`` and the PyPI ``configparser`` backport clashed, causing -various compatibility issues. (Issues #118, #181) - -If your code previously relied on ``configparser`` being supplied by -``python-future``, the recommended upgrade path is to run ``pip install -configparser`` or add ``configparser`` to your ``requirements.txt`` file. - -Note that, if you are upgrading ``future`` with ``pip``, you may need to -uninstall the old version of future or manually remove the -``site-packages/future-0.15.2-py2.7.egg`` folder for this change to take -effect on your system. - -This releases also fixes these bugs: - -- Fix ``newbytes`` constructor bug. (Issue #171) -- Fix semantics of ``bool()`` with ``newobject``. (Issue #211) -- Fix ``standard_library.install_aliases()`` on PyPy. (Issue #205) -- Fix assertRaises for ``pow`` and ``compile``` on Python 3.5. (Issue #183) -- Fix return argument of ``future.utils.ensure_new_type`` if conversion to - new type does not exist. (Issue #185) -- Add missing ``cmp_to_key`` for Py2.6. (Issue #189) -- Allow the ``old_div`` fixer to be disabled. (Issue #190) -- Improve compatibility with Google App Engine. (Issue #231) -- Add some missing imports to the ``tkinter`` and ``tkinter.filedialog`` - package namespaces. (Issues #212 and #233) -- More complete implementation of ``raise_from`` on PY3. (Issues #141, - #213 and #235, fix provided by Varriount) - - -What's new in version 0.15.2 (2015-09-11) -========================================= - -This is a minor bug-fix release: - -- Fix ``socket.create_connection()`` backport on Py2.6 (issue #162) -- Add more tests of ``urllib.request`` etc. -- Fix ``newsuper()`` calls from the ``__init__`` method of PyQt subclassses - (issue #160, thanks to Christopher Arndt) - -What's new in version 0.15.1 (2015-09-09) -========================================= - -This is a minor bug-fix release: - -- Use 3-argument ``socket.create_connection()`` backport to restore Py2.6 - compatibility in ``urllib.request.urlopen()`` (issue #162) -- Remove breakpoint in ``future.backports.http.client`` triggered on certain - data (issue #164) -- Move ``exec`` fixer to stage 1 of ``futurize`` because the forward-compatible ``exec(a, b)`` - idiom is supported in Python 2.6 and 2.7. See - https://docs.python.org/2/reference/simple_stmts.html#exec. - - -What's new in version 0.15.0 (2015-07-25) -========================================= - -This release fixes compatibility bugs with CherryPy's Py2/3 compat layer and -the latest version of the ``urllib3`` package. It also adds some additional -backports for Py2.6 and Py2.7 from Py3.4's standard library. - -New features: - -- ``install_aliases()`` now exposes full backports of the Py3 urllib submodules - (``parse``, ``request`` etc.) from ``future.backports.urllib`` as submodules - of ``urllib`` on Py2. This implies, for example, that - ``urllib.parse.unquote`` now takes an optional encoding argument as it does - on Py3. This improves compatibility with CherryPy's Py2/3 compat layer (issue - #158). -- ``tkinter.ttk`` support (issue #151) -- Backport of ``collections.ChainMap`` (issue #150) -- Backport of ``itertools.count`` for Py2.6 (issue #152) -- Enable and document support for the ``surrogateescape`` error handler for ``newstr`` and ``newbytes`` objects on Py2.x (issue #116). This feature is currently in alpha. -- Add constants to ``http.client`` such as ``HTTP_PORT`` and ``BAD_REQUEST`` (issue #137) -- Backport of ``reprlib.recursive_repr`` to Py2 - -Bug fixes: - -- Add ``HTTPMessage`` to ``http.client``, which is missing from ``httplib.__all__`` on Python <= 2.7.10. This restores compatibility with the latest ``urllib3`` package (issue #159, thanks to Waldemar Kornewald) -- Expand newint.__divmod__ and newint.__rdivmod__ to fall back to <type 'long'> - implementations where appropriate (issue #146 - thanks to Matt Bogosian) -- Fix newrange slicing for some slice/range combos (issue #132, thanks to Brad Walker) -- Small doc fixes (thanks to Michael Joseph and Tim Tröndle) -- Improve robustness of test suite against opening .pyc files as text on Py2 -- Update backports of ``Counter`` and ``OrderedDict`` to use the newer - implementations from Py3.4. This fixes ``.copy()`` preserving subclasses etc. -- ``futurize`` no longer breaks working Py2 code by changing ``basestring`` to - ``str``. Instead it imports the ``basestring`` forward-port from - ``past.builtins`` (issues #127 and #156) -- ``future.utils``: add ``string_types`` etc. and update docs (issue #126) - -Previous versions -================= - -See :ref:`whats-old` for versions prior to v0.15. diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/why_python3.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/why_python3.rst deleted file mode 100644 index a4b535f..0000000 --- a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/why_python3.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -.. _why-python3: - -Why Python 3? -============= - -- Python 2.7 is the final Python 2.x release. Python 3.x is the future. - The Python ecosystem needs to consolidate. A split or schism between - different incompatible versions is not healthy for growing the - community. -- Function annotations -- Decimal module 100x faster. As fast as floats. -- Easier to learn. (Less cruft in language and stdlib, more consistency, better docstrings, etc.) -- Much safer handling of unicode text and encodings: fewer bugs. -- More memory efficiency (shared dict keys (PEP 412) and space-efficient - Unicode representation (PEP 393)) -- Exception chaining - -Why are Unicode strings better on Python 3? -------------------------------------------- - -- it is not the default string type (you have to prefix the string - with a u to get Unicode); - -- it is missing some functionality, e.g. casefold; - -- there are two distinct implementations, narrow builds and wide builds; - -- wide builds take up to four times more memory per string as needed; - -- narrow builds take up to two times more memory per string as needed; - -- worse, narrow builds have very naive (possibly even "broken") - handling of code points in the Supplementary Multilingual Planes. - -The unicode string type in Python 3 is better because: - -- it is the default string type; - -- it includes more functionality; - -- starting in Python 3.3, it gets rid of the distinction between - narrow and wide builds; - -- which reduces the memory overhead of strings by up to a factor - of four in many cases; - -- and fixes the issue of SMP code points. - -(quote from a mailing list post by Steve D'Aprano on 2014-01-17). - - -New features ------------- - -Standard library: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -- SSL contexts in http.client -- - - - -Non-arguments for Python 3 -========================== - -- |
