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-rw-r--r--FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb3167
-rw-r--r--FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb161
-rw-r--r--FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb246
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-{
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "# Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible code"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "- **Copyright (c):** 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.\n",
- "- **Author:** Ed Schofield.\n",
- "- **Licence:** Creative Commons Attribution.\n",
- "\n",
- "A PDF version is here: http://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.pdf\n",
- "\n",
- "This notebook shows you idioms for writing future-proof code that is compatible with both versions of Python: 2 and 3. It accompanies Ed Schofield's talk at PyCon AU 2014, \"Writing 2/3 compatible code\". (The video is here: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOqk8j11aAI&t=10m14s>.)\n",
- "\n",
- "Minimum versions:\n",
- "\n",
- " - Python 2: 2.6+\n",
- " - Python 3: 3.3+"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Setup"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "The imports below refer to these ``pip``-installable packages on PyPI:\n",
- "\n",
- " import future # pip install future\n",
- " import builtins # pip install future\n",
- " import past # pip install future\n",
- " import six # pip install six\n",
- "\n",
- "The following scripts are also ``pip``-installable:\n",
- "\n",
- " futurize # pip install future\n",
- " pasteurize # pip install future\n",
- "\n",
- "See http://python-future.org and https://pythonhosted.org/six/ for more information."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Essential syntax differences"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### print"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "print 'Hello'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "print('Hello')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "To print multiple strings, import ``print_function`` to prevent Py2 from interpreting it as a tuple:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "print 'Hello', 'Guido'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from __future__ import print_function # (at top of module)\n",
- "\n",
- "print('Hello', 'Guido')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "print >> sys.stderr, 'Hello'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from __future__ import print_function\n",
- "\n",
- "print('Hello', file=sys.stderr)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "print 'Hello',"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from __future__ import print_function\n",
- "\n",
- "print('Hello', end='')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Raising exceptions"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "raise ValueError, \"dodgy value\""
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "raise ValueError(\"dodgy value\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Raising exceptions with a traceback:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]\n",
- "raise ValueError, \"dodgy value\", traceback"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "raise ValueError(\"dodgy value\").with_traceback()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "from six import reraise as raise_\n",
- "# or\n",
- "from future.utils import raise_\n",
- "\n",
- "traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]\n",
- "raise_(ValueError, \"dodgy value\", traceback)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from future.utils import raise_with_traceback\n",
- "\n",
- "raise_with_traceback(ValueError(\"dodgy value\"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Exception chaining (PEP 3134):"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 3,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Setup:\n",
- "class DatabaseError(Exception):\n",
- " pass"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only\n",
- "class FileDatabase:\n",
- " def __init__(self, filename):\n",
- " try:\n",
- " self.file = open(filename)\n",
- " except IOError as exc:\n",
- " raise DatabaseError('failed to open') from exc"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 16,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from future.utils import raise_from\n",
- "\n",
- "class FileDatabase:\n",
- " def __init__(self, filename):\n",
- " try:\n",
- " self.file = open(filename)\n",
- " except IOError as exc:\n",
- " raise_from(DatabaseError('failed to open'), exc)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 17,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Testing the above:\n",
- "try:\n",
- " fd = FileDatabase('non_existent_file.txt')\n",
- "except Exception as e:\n",
- " assert isinstance(e.__cause__, IOError) # FileNotFoundError on Py3.3+ inherits from IOError"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Catching exceptions"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "try:\n",
- " ...\n",
- "except ValueError, e:\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "try:\n",
- " ...\n",
- "except ValueError as e:\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Division"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Integer division (rounding down):"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "assert 2 / 3 == 0"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "assert 2 // 3 == 0"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "\"True division\" (float division):"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "assert 3 / 2 == 1.5"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from __future__ import division # (at top of module)\n",
- "\n",
- "assert 3 / 2 == 1.5"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "\"Old division\" (i.e. compatible with Py2 behaviour):"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "a = b / c # with any types"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from past.utils import old_div\n",
- "\n",
- "a = old_div(b, c) # always same as / on Py2"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Long integers"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Short integers are gone in Python 3 and ``long`` has become ``int`` (without the trailing ``L`` in the ``repr``)."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "k = 9223372036854775808L\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "k = 9223372036854775808"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "bigint = 1L\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "from builtins import int\n",
- "bigint = int(1)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "To test whether a value is an integer (of any kind):"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "if isinstance(x, (int, long)):\n",
- " ...\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "if isinstance(x, int):\n",
- " ...\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "from builtins import int # subclass of long on Py2\n",
- "\n",
- "if isinstance(x, int): # matches both int and long on Py2\n",
- " ...\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from past.builtins import long\n",
- "\n",
- "if isinstance(x, (int, long)):\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Octal constants"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "0644 # Python 2 only"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "0o644 # Python 2 and 3"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Backtick repr"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "`x` # Python 2 only"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "repr(x) # Python 2 and 3"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Metaclasses"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "class BaseForm(object):\n",
- " pass\n",
- "\n",
- "class FormType(type):\n",
- " pass"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "class Form(BaseForm):\n",
- " __metaclass__ = FormType\n",
- " pass"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "class Form(BaseForm, metaclass=FormType):\n",
- " pass"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from six import with_metaclass\n",
- "# or\n",
- "from future.utils import with_metaclass\n",
- "\n",
- "class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):\n",
- " pass"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Strings and bytes"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Unicode (text) string literals"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "If you are upgrading an existing Python 2 codebase, it may be preferable to mark up all string literals as unicode explicitly with ``u`` prefixes:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "s1 = 'The Zen of Python'\n",
- "s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "s1 = u'The Zen of Python'\n",
- "s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "The ``futurize`` and ``python-modernize`` tools do not currently offer an option to do this automatically."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "If you are writing code for a new project or new codebase, you can use this idiom to make all string literals in a module unicode strings:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "from __future__ import unicode_literals # at top of module\n",
- "\n",
- "s1 = 'The Zen of Python'\n",
- "s2 = 'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "See http://python-future.org/unicode_literals.html for more discussion on which style to use."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Byte-string literals"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "s = 'This must be a byte-string'\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "s = b'This must be a byte-string'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "To loop over a byte-string with possible high-bit characters, obtaining each character as a byte-string of length 1:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "for bytechar in 'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n",
- " ...\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n",
- " bytechar = bytes([myint])\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from builtins import bytes\n",
- "for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9'):\n",
- " bytechar = bytes([myint])"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "As an alternative, ``chr()`` and ``.encode('latin-1')`` can be used to convert an int into a 1-char byte string:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n",
- " char = chr(myint) # returns a unicode string\n",
- " bytechar = char.encode('latin-1')\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from builtins import bytes, chr\n",
- "for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9'):\n",
- " char = chr(myint) # returns a unicode string\n",
- " bytechar = char.encode('latin-1') # forces returning a byte str"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### basestring"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "a = u'abc'\n",
- "b = 'def'\n",
- "assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from past.builtins import basestring # pip install future\n",
- "\n",
- "a = u'abc'\n",
- "b = b'def'\n",
- "assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2: refactor the code to avoid considering\n",
- "# byte-strings as strings.\n",
- "\n",
- "from builtins import str\n",
- "a = u'abc'\n",
- "b = b'def'\n",
- "c = b.decode()\n",
- "assert isinstance(a, str) and isinstance(c, str)\n",
- "# ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### unicode"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % unicode(slug)]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from builtins import str\n",
- "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % str(slug)]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from builtins import str as text\n",
- "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % text(slug)]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### StringIO"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from StringIO import StringIO\n",
- "# or:\n",
- "from cStringIO import StringIO\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from io import BytesIO # for handling byte strings\n",
- "from io import StringIO # for handling unicode strings"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Imports relative to a package"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Suppose the package is:\n",
- "\n",
- " mypackage/\n",
- " __init__.py\n",
- " submodule1.py\n",
- " submodule2.py\n",
- " \n",
- "and the code below is in ``submodule1.py``:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only: \n",
- "import submodule2"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from . import submodule2"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "# To make Py2 code safer (more like Py3) by preventing\n",
- "# implicit relative imports, you can also add this to the top:\n",
- "from __future__ import absolute_import"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Dictionaries"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Iterating through ``dict`` keys/values/items"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Iterable dict keys:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "for key in heights.iterkeys():\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "for key in heights:\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Iterable dict values:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "for value in heights.itervalues():\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Idiomatic Python 3\n",
- "for value in heights.values(): # extra memory overhead on Py2\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 8,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "from builtins import dict\n",
- "\n",
- "heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)\n",
- "for key in heights.values(): # efficient on Py2 and Py3\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from future.utils import itervalues\n",
- "# or\n",
- "from six import itervalues\n",
- "\n",
- "for key in itervalues(heights):\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Iterable dict items:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "for (key, value) in heights.iteritems():\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "for (key, value) in heights.items(): # inefficient on Py2 \n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from future.utils import viewitems\n",
- "\n",
- "for (key, value) in viewitems(heights): # also behaves like a set\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
- "from future.utils import iteritems\n",
- "# or\n",
- "from six import iteritems\n",
- "\n",
- "for (key, value) in iteritems(heights):\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### dict keys/values/items as a list"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "dict keys as a list:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "keylist = heights.keys()\n",
- "assert isinstance(keylist, list)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "keylist = list(heights)\n",
- "assert isinstance(keylist, list)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "dict values as a list:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}\n",
- "valuelist = heights.values()\n",
- "assert isinstance(valuelist, list)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "valuelist = list(heights.values()) # inefficient on Py2"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from builtins import dict\n",
- "\n",
- "heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)\n",
- "valuelist = list(heights.values())"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
- "from future.utils import listvalues\n",
- "\n",
- "valuelist = listvalues(heights)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 4\n",
- "from future.utils import itervalues\n",
- "# or\n",
- "from six import itervalues\n",
- "\n",
- "valuelist = list(itervalues(heights))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "dict items as a list:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "itemlist = list(heights.items()) # inefficient on Py2"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from future.utils import listitems\n",
- "\n",
- "itemlist = listitems(heights)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
- "from future.utils import iteritems\n",
- "# or\n",
- "from six import iteritems\n",
- "\n",
- "itemlist = list(iteritems(heights))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Custom class behaviour"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Custom iterators"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "class Upper(object):\n",
- " def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
- " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
- " def next(self): # Py2-style\n",
- " return self._iter.next().upper()\n",
- " def __iter__(self):\n",
- " return self\n",
- "\n",
- "itr = Upper('hello')\n",
- "assert itr.next() == 'H' # Py2-style\n",
- "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "from builtins import object\n",
- "\n",
- "class Upper(object):\n",
- " def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
- " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
- " def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface\n",
- " return next(self._iter).upper() # builtin next() function calls\n",
- " def __iter__(self):\n",
- " return self\n",
- "\n",
- "itr = Upper('hello')\n",
- "assert next(itr) == 'H' # compatible style\n",
- "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from future.utils import implements_iterator\n",
- "\n",
- "@implements_iterator\n",
- "class Upper(object):\n",
- " def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
- " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
- " def __next__(self): # Py3-style iterator interface\n",
- " return next(self._iter).upper() # builtin next() function calls\n",
- " def __iter__(self):\n",
- " return self\n",
- "\n",
- "itr = Upper('hello')\n",
- "assert next(itr) == 'H'\n",
- "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Custom ``__str__`` methods"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "class MyClass(object):\n",
- " def __unicode__(self):\n",
- " return 'Unicode string: \\u5b54\\u5b50'\n",
- " def __str__(self):\n",
- " return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')\n",
- "\n",
- "a = MyClass()\n",
- "print(a) # prints encoded string"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 11,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "Unicode string: 孔子\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible\n",
- "\n",
- "@python_2_unicode_compatible\n",
- "class MyClass(object):\n",
- " def __str__(self):\n",
- " return u'Unicode string: \\u5b54\\u5b50'\n",
- "\n",
- "a = MyClass()\n",
- "print(a) # prints string encoded as utf-8 on Py2"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Custom ``__nonzero__`` vs ``__bool__`` method:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "class AllOrNothing(object):\n",
- " def __init__(self, l):\n",
- " self.l = l\n",
- " def __nonzero__(self):\n",
- " return all(self.l)\n",
- "\n",
- "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n",
- "assert not bool(container)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from builtins import object\n",
- "\n",
- "class AllOrNothing(object):\n",
- " def __init__(self, l):\n",
- " self.l = l\n",
- " def __bool__(self):\n",
- " return all(self.l)\n",
- "\n",
- "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n",
- "assert not bool(container)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Lists versus iterators"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### xrange"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "for i in xrange(10**8):\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible\n",
- "from builtins import range\n",
- "for i in range(10**8):\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: backward-compatible\n",
- "from past.builtins import xrange\n",
- "for i in xrange(10**8):\n",
- " ..."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### range"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "mylist = range(5)\n",
- "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 1\n",
- "mylist = list(range(5)) # copies memory on Py2\n",
- "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 2\n",
- "from builtins import range\n",
- "\n",
- "mylist = list(range(5))\n",
- "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
- "from future.utils import lrange\n",
- "\n",
- "mylist = lrange(5)\n",
- "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: backward compatible\n",
- "from past.builtins import range\n",
- "\n",
- "mylist = range(5)\n",
- "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### map"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)\n",
- "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "# Idiomatic Py3, but inefficient on Py2\n",
- "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))\n",
- "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from builtins import map\n",
- "\n",
- "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))\n",
- "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
- "try:\n",
- " from itertools import imap as map\n",
- "except ImportError:\n",
- " pass\n",
- "\n",
- "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist)) # inefficient on Py2\n",
- "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 4\n",
- "from future.utils import lmap\n",
- "\n",
- "mynewlist = lmap(f, myoldlist)\n",
- "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 5\n",
- "from past.builtins import map\n",
- "\n",
- "mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)\n",
- "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### imap"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from itertools import imap\n",
- "\n",
- "myiter = imap(func, myoldlist)\n",
- "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n",
- "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "from builtins import map\n",
- "\n",
- "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n",
- "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "try:\n",
- " from itertools import imap as map\n",
- "except ImportError:\n",
- " pass\n",
- "\n",
- "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n",
- "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### zip, izip"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "As above with ``zip`` and ``itertools.izip``."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### filter, ifilter"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "As above with ``filter`` and ``itertools.ifilter`` too."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Other builtins"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### File IO with open()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": true
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "f = open('myfile.txt')\n",
- "data = f.read() # as a byte string\n",
- "text = data.decode('utf-8')\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from io import open\n",
- "f = open('myfile.txt', 'rb')\n",
- "data = f.read() # as bytes\n",
- "text = data.decode('utf-8') # unicode, not bytes\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from io import open\n",
- "f = open('myfile.txt', encoding='utf-8')\n",
- "text = f.read() # unicode, not bytes"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### reduce()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from functools import reduce\n",
- "\n",
- "assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### raw_input()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "name = raw_input('What is your name? ')\n",
- "assert isinstance(name, str) # native str"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from builtins import input\n",
- "\n",
- "name = input('What is your name? ')\n",
- "assert isinstance(name, str) # native str on Py2 and Py3"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### input()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "input(\"Type something safe please: \")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "from builtins import input\n",
- "eval(input(\"Type something safe please: \"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Warning: using either of these is **unsafe** with untrusted input."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### file()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "f = file(pathname)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "f = open(pathname)\n",
- "\n",
- "# But preferably, use this:\n",
- "from io import open\n",
- "f = open(pathname, 'rb') # if f.read() should return bytes\n",
- "# or\n",
- "f = open(pathname, 'rt') # if f.read() should return unicode text"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### exec"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": true
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "exec 'x = 10'\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "exec('x = 10')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": true
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "g = globals()\n",
- "exec 'x = 10' in g\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "g = globals()\n",
- "exec('x = 10', g)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": true
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "l = locals()\n",
- "exec 'x = 10' in g, l\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "exec('x = 10', g, l)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "But note that Py3's `exec()` is less powerful (and less dangerous) than Py2's `exec` statement."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### execfile()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "execfile('myfile.py')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from past.builtins import execfile\n",
- "\n",
- "execfile('myfile.py')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "exec(compile(open('myfile.py').read()))\n",
- "\n",
- "# This can sometimes cause this:\n",
- "# SyntaxError: function ... uses import * and bare exec ...\n",
- "# See https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/37"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### unichr()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "assert unichr(8364) == '€'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "assert chr(8364) == '€'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from builtins import chr\n",
- "assert chr(8364) == '€'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### intern()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "intern('mystring')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "from sys import intern\n",
- "intern('mystring')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from past.builtins import intern\n",
- "intern('mystring')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from six.moves import intern\n",
- "intern('mystring')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
- "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
- "install_aliases()\n",
- "from sys import intern\n",
- "intern('mystring')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "try:\n",
- " from sys import intern\n",
- "except ImportError:\n",
- " pass\n",
- "intern('mystring')"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### apply()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "args = ('a', 'b')\n",
- "kwargs = {'kwarg1': True}"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "apply(f, args, kwargs)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "f(*args, **kwargs)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from past.builtins import apply\n",
- "apply(f, args, kwargs)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### chr()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "assert chr(64) == b'@'\n",
- "assert chr(200) == b'\\xc8'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only: option 1\n",
- "assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'\n",
- "assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\\xc8'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
- "from builtins import chr\n",
- "\n",
- "assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'\n",
- "assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\\xc8'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only: option 2\n",
- "assert bytes([64]) == b'@'\n",
- "assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\\xc8'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
- "from builtins import bytes\n",
- "\n",
- "assert bytes([64]) == b'@'\n",
- "assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\\xc8'"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### cmp()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from past.builtins import cmp\n",
- "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "cmp = lambda(x, y): (x > y) - (x < y)\n",
- "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### reload()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "reload(mymodule)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "from imp import reload\n",
- "reload(mymodule)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Standard library"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### dbm modules"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "import anydbm\n",
- "import whichdb\n",
- "import dbm\n",
- "import dumbdbm\n",
- "import gdbm\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from future import standard_library\n",
- "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
- "\n",
- "import dbm\n",
- "import dbm.ndbm\n",
- "import dbm.dumb\n",
- "import dbm.gnu\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from future.moves import dbm\n",
- "from future.moves.dbm import dumb\n",
- "from future.moves.dbm import ndbm\n",
- "from future.moves.dbm import gnu\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
- "from six.moves import dbm_gnu\n",
- "# (others not supported)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### commands / subprocess modules"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "from commands import getoutput, getstatusoutput\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "from future import standard_library\n",
- "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
- "\n",
- "from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### subprocess.check_output()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2.7 and above\n",
- "from subprocess import check_output\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 1\n",
- "from future.moves.subprocess import check_output\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 2\n",
- "from future import standard_library\n",
- "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
- "\n",
- "from subprocess import check_output"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### collections: Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 6,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2.7 and above\n",
- "from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 1\n",
- "from future.backports import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 2\n",
- "from future import standard_library\n",
- "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
- "\n",
- "from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### StringIO module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only\n",
- "from StringIO import StringIO\n",
- "from cStringIO import StringIO"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3\n",
- "from io import BytesIO\n",
- "# and refactor StringIO() calls to BytesIO() if passing byte-strings"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### http module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "import httplib\n",
- "import Cookie\n",
- "import cookielib\n",
- "import BaseHTTPServer\n",
- "import SimpleHTTPServer\n",
- "import CGIHttpServer\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "import http.client\n",
- "import http.cookies\n",
- "import http.cookiejar\n",
- "import http.server"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### xmlrpc module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "import DocXMLRPCServer\n",
- "import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "import xmlrpc.server"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "import xmlrpclib\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "import xmlrpc.client"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### html escaping and entities"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
- "from cgi import escape\n",
- "\n",
- "# Safer (Python 2 and 3, after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "from html import escape\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from htmlentitydefs import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "from html.entities import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### html parsing"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from HTMLParser import HTMLParser\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``)\n",
- "from html.parser import HTMLParser\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (alternative 2):\n",
- "from future.moves.html.parser import HTMLParser"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### urllib module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "``urllib`` is the hardest module to use from Python 2/3 compatible code. You may like to use Requests (http://python-requests.org) instead."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from urlparse import urlparse\n",
- "from urllib import urlencode\n",
- "from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 2,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
- "from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
- "from urllib.error import HTTPError"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: easiest option\n",
- "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
- "install_aliases()\n",
- "\n",
- "from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
- "from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
- "from urllib.error import HTTPError"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from future.standard_library import hooks\n",
- "\n",
- "with hooks():\n",
- " from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
- " from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
- " from urllib.error import HTTPError"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
- "from future.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
- "from future.moves.urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
- "from future.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError\n",
- "# or\n",
- "from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
- "from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen\n",
- "from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 4\n",
- "try:\n",
- " from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
- " from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
- " from urllib.error import HTTPError\n",
- "except ImportError:\n",
- " from urlparse import urlparse\n",
- " from urllib import urlencode\n",
- " from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### Tkinter"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "import Tkinter\n",
- "import Dialog\n",
- "import FileDialog\n",
- "import ScrolledText\n",
- "import SimpleDialog\n",
- "import Tix \n",
- "import Tkconstants\n",
- "import Tkdnd \n",
- "import tkColorChooser\n",
- "import tkCommonDialog\n",
- "import tkFileDialog\n",
- "import tkFont\n",
- "import tkMessageBox\n",
- "import tkSimpleDialog\n",
- "import ttk\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "import tkinter\n",
- "import tkinter.dialog\n",
- "import tkinter.filedialog\n",
- "import tkinter.scrolledtext\n",
- "import tkinter.simpledialog\n",
- "import tkinter.tix\n",
- "import tkinter.constants\n",
- "import tkinter.dnd\n",
- "import tkinter.colorchooser\n",
- "import tkinter.commondialog\n",
- "import tkinter.filedialog\n",
- "import tkinter.font\n",
- "import tkinter.messagebox\n",
- "import tkinter.simpledialog\n",
- "import tkinter.ttk"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### socketserver"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "import SocketServer\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "import socketserver"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### copy_reg, copyreg"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "import copy_reg\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "import copyreg"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### configparser"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from ConfigParser import ConfigParser\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "from configparser import ConfigParser"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### queue"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from Queue import Queue, heapq, deque\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "from queue import Queue, heapq, deque"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### repr, reprlib"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from repr import aRepr, repr\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
- "from reprlib import aRepr, repr"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### UserDict, UserList, UserString"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from UserDict import UserDict\n",
- "from UserList import UserList\n",
- "from UserString import UserString\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from future.moves.collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from six.moves import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
- "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
- "install_aliases()\n",
- "from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### itertools: filterfalse, zip_longest"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {
- "collapsed": false
- },
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Python 2 only:\n",
- "from itertools import ifilterfalse, izip_longest\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 3 only:\n",
- "from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
- "from future.moves.itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
- "from six.moves import filterfalse, zip_longest\n",
- "\n",
- "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
- "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
- "install_aliases()\n",
- "from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {
- "kernelspec": {
- "display_name": "Python 3",
- "language": "python",
- "name": "python3"
- },
- "language_info": {
- "codemirror_mode": {
- "name": "ipython",
- "version": 3
- },
- "file_extension": ".py",
- "mimetype": "text/x-python",
- "name": "python",
- "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
- "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
- "version": "3.4.3"
- }
- },
- "nbformat": 4,
- "nbformat_minor": 0
-}
diff --git a/FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb b/FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5792144..0000000
--- a/FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": ""
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "import sys\n",
- "sys.version"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 6,
- "text": [
- "'2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) \\n[GCC 4.8.2]'"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "import future\n",
- "future.__version__"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 1,
- "text": [
- "'0.12.0-dev'"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from builtins import bytes"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Backported Py3 bytes object\n",
- "b = bytes(b'ABCD')"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "list(b)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 4,
- "text": [
- "[65, 66, 67, 68]"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 4
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "repr(b)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 5,
- "text": [
- "\"b'ABCD'\""
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# These raise TypeErrors:\n",
- "# b + u'EFGH'\n",
- "# bytes(b',').join([u'Fred', u'Bill'])\n",
- "# b < u'abcd'"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 10
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "b == u'ABCD'"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 9,
- "text": [
- "False"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
diff --git a/FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb b/FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5729ddc..0000000
--- a/FOSS/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-{
- "metadata": {
- "name": ""
- },
- "nbformat": 3,
- "nbformat_minor": 0,
- "worksheets": [
- {
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "heading",
- "level": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "``object`` special methods"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "import sys\n",
- "sys.version"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 1,
- "text": [
- "'2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) \\n[GCC 4.8.2]'"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 1
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from builtins import object"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "object??"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 2
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "# Py3-style iterators written as new-style classes (subclasses of\n",
- "# future.builtins.object) are backward compatibile with Py2:\n",
- "class Upper(object):\n",
- " def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
- " self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
- " def __next__(self): # note the Py3 interface\n",
- " return next(self._iter).upper()\n",
- " def __iter__(self):\n",
- " return self"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 3
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 5
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "class AllOrNothing(object):\n",
- " def __init__(self, l):\n",
- " self.l = l\n",
- " def __bool__(self):\n",
- " return all(self.l)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 6
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n",
- "bool(container)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 8,
- "text": [
- "False"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 8
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "container2 = AllOrNothing([-100, 100, 200])\n",
- "bool(container2)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 9,
- "text": [
- "True"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 9
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Classes derived from Python builtins don't have this behaviour:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "class AllOrNothingBroken(list):\n",
- " def __bool__(self):\n",
- " print('Called!')\n",
- " return all(self)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 13
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "container3 = AllOrNothingBroken([0, 1, 2])\n",
- "bool(container3)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 14,
- "text": [
- "True"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 14
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "But subclasses of ``future`` types do:"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "from builtins import list\n",
- "\n",
- "class AllOrNothingFixed(list):\n",
- " def __bool__(self):\n",
- " print('Called!')\n",
- " return all(self)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "prompt_number": 15
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [
- "container4 = AllOrNothingFixed([0, 1, 2])\n",
- "bool(container4)"
- ],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "pyout",
- "prompt_number": 17,
- "text": [
- "True"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "prompt_number": 17
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "collapsed": false,
- "input": [],
- "language": "python",
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": []
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {}
- }
- ]
-}
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.39.1) at 2026-06-01 20:45:20 +0000