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authoryum <yum.food.vr@gmail.com>2023-01-01 21:05:27 -0800
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package.ps1 fetches PortableGit and embeds it in the package. This eliminates all but one runtime dependency (MSVC++ Redistributable). * Move Python into a new FOSS folder.
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+.. _older-standard-library-interfaces:
+
+Older interfaces
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In addition to the direct and ``install_aliases()`` interfaces (described in
+:ref:`standard-library-imports`), ``future`` supports four other interfaces to
+the reorganized standard library. This is largely for historical reasons (for
+versions prior to 0.14).
+
+
+``future.moves`` interface
+__________________________
+
+The ``future.moves`` interface avoids import hooks. It may therefore be more
+robust, at the cost of less idiomatic code. Use it as follows::
+
+ from future.moves import queue
+ from future.moves import socketserver
+ from future.moves.http.client import HTTPConnection
+ # etc.
+
+If you wish to achieve the effect of a two-level import such as this::
+
+ import http.client
+
+portably on both Python 2 and Python 3, note that Python currently does not
+support syntax like this::
+
+ from future.moves import http.client
+
+One workaround is to replace the dot with an underscore::
+
+ import future.moves.http.client as http_client
+
+
+Comparing future.moves and six.moves
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+``future.moves`` and ``six.moves`` provide a similar Python 3-style
+interface to the native standard library module definitions.
+
+The major difference is that the ``future.moves`` package is a real Python package
+(``future/moves/__init__.py``) with real modules provided as ``.py`` files, whereas
+``six.moves`` constructs fake ``_LazyModule`` module objects within the Python
+code and injects them into the ``sys.modules`` cache.
+
+The advantage of ``six.moves`` is that the code fits in a single module that can be
+copied into a project that seeks to eliminate external dependencies.
+
+The advantage of ``future.moves`` is that it is likely to be more robust in the
+face of magic like Django's auto-reloader and tools like ``py2exe`` and
+``cx_freeze``. See issues #51, #53, #56, and #63 in the ``six`` project for
+more detail of bugs related to the ``six.moves`` approach.
+
+
+``import_`` and ``from_import`` functions
+_________________________________________
+
+The functional interface is to use the ``import_`` and ``from_import``
+functions from ``future.standard_library`` as follows::
+
+ from future.standard_library import import_, from_import
+
+ http = import_('http.client')
+ urllib = import_('urllib.request')
+
+ urlopen, urlsplit = from_import('urllib.request', 'urlopen', 'urlsplit')
+
+This interface also works with two-level imports.
+
+
+Context-manager for import hooks
+________________________________
+
+The context-manager interface is via a context-manager called ``hooks``::
+
+ from future.standard_library import hooks
+ with hooks():
+ import socketserver
+ import queue
+ import configparser
+ import test.support
+ import html.parser
+ from collections import UserList
+ from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+ from http.client import HttpConnection
+ import urllib.request
+ # and other moved modules and definitions
+
+This interface is straightforward and effective, using PEP 302 import
+hooks. However, there are reports that this sometimes leads to problems
+(see issue #238). Until this is resolved, it is probably safer to use direct
+imports or one of the other import mechanisms listed above.
+
+
+install_hooks() call (deprecated)
+_________________________________
+
+The last interface to the reorganized standard library is via a call to
+``install_hooks()``::
+
+ from future import standard_library
+ standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+ import urllib
+ f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
+
+ standard_library.remove_hooks()
+
+If you use this interface, it is recommended to disable the import hooks again
+after use by calling ``remove_hooks()``, in order to prevent the futurized
+modules from being invoked inadvertently by other modules. (Python does not
+automatically disable import hooks at the end of a module, but keeps them
+active for the life of a process unless removed.)
+
+.. The call to ``scrub_future_sys_modules()`` removes any modules from the
+.. ``sys.modules`` cache (on Py2 only) that have Py3-style names, like ``http.client``.
+.. This can prevent libraries that have their own Py2/3 compatibility code from
+.. importing the ``future.moves`` or ``future.backports`` modules unintentionally.
+.. Code such as this will then fall through to using the Py2 standard library
+.. modules on Py2::
+..
+.. try:
+.. from http.client import HTTPConnection
+.. except ImportError:
+.. from httplib import HTTPConnection
+..
+.. **Requests**: The above snippet is from the `requests
+.. <http://docs.python-requests.org>`_ library. As of v0.12, the
+.. ``future.standard_library`` import hooks are compatible with Requests.
+
+
+.. If you wish to avoid changing every reference of ``http.client`` to
+.. ``http_client`` in your code, an alternative is this::
+..
+.. from future.standard_library import http
+.. from future.standard_library.http import client as _client
+.. http.client = client
+
+.. but it has the advantage that it can be used by automatic translation scripts such as ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize``.