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<title>slang.git/source/slang/ir-bind-existentials.cpp, branch master</title>
<subtitle>Making it easier to work with shaders</subtitle>
<id>https://git.yummers.dev/slang.git/atom?h=master</id>
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<updated>2019-05-31T21:20:37+00:00</updated>
<entry>
<title>Use slang- prefix on slang compiler and core source (#973)</title>
<updated>2019-05-31T21:20:37+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>jsmall-nvidia</name>
<email>jsmall@nvidia.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-05-31T21:20:37+00:00</published>
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<id>urn:sha1:6cbc3929a54d37bd23cb5efa8e3320ba02f78b2f</id>
<content type='text'>
* Prefixing source files in source/slang with slang-

* Prefix source in source/slang with slang- prefix.

* Rename core source files with slang- prefix.

* Update project files.

* Fix problems from automatic merge.
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>String/List closer to conventions, and use Index type (#959)</title>
<updated>2019-04-29T21:03:46+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>jsmall-nvidia</name>
<email>jsmall@nvidia.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-04-29T21:03:46+00:00</published>
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<id>urn:sha1:4880789e3003441732cca4471091563f36531635</id>
<content type='text'>
* List made members m_
Tweaked types to closer match conventions.

* Use asserts for checking conditions on List.
Other small improvements.

* List&lt;T&gt;.Count() -&gt; getSize()

* List&lt;T&gt;
Add -&gt; add
First -&gt; getFirst
Last -&gt; getLast
RemoveLast -&gt; removeLast
ReleaseBuffer -&gt; detachBuffer
GetArrayView -&gt; getArrayView

* List&lt;T&gt;::
AddRange -&gt; addRange
Capacity -&gt; getCapacity
Insert -&gt; insert
InsertRange -&gt; insertRange
AddRange -&gt; addRange
RemoveRange -&gt; removeRange
RemoveAt -&gt; removeAt
Remove -&gt; remove
Reverse -&gt; reverse
FastRemove -&gt; fastRemove
FastRemoveAt -&gt; fastRemoveAt
Clear -&gt; clear

* List&lt;T&gt;
FreeBuffer -&gt; _deallocateBuffer
Free -&gt; clearAndDeallocate
SwapWith -&gt; swapWith

* List&lt;T&gt;
SetSize -&gt; setSize
Reserve -&gt; reserve
GrowToSize growToSize

* UnsafeShrinkToSize -&gt; unsafeShrinkToSize
Compress -&gt; compress
FindLast -&gt; findLastIndex
FindLast -&gt; findLastIndex
Simplify Contains

* List&lt;T&gt;
Removed m_allocator (wasn't used)
Swap -&gt; swapElements
Sort -&gt; sort
Contains -&gt; contains
ForEach -&gt; forEach
QuickSort -&gt; quickSort
InsertionSort -&gt; insertionSort
BinarySearch -&gt; binarySearch

Max -&gt; calcMax
Min -&gt; calcMin

* Initializer::Initialize -&gt; initialize
List&lt;T&gt;::
Allocate -&gt; _allocate
Init -&gt; _init
IndexOf -&gt; indexOf

* * Put #include &lt;assert.h&gt; in common.h, and remove unneeded inclusions
* Small refactor of ArrayView - remove stride as not used

* getSize -&gt; getCount
setSize -&gt; setCount
unsafeShrinkToSize-&gt;unsafeShrinkToCount
growToSize -&gt; growToCount
m_size -&gt; m_count

* Some tidy up around Allocator.

* Use Index type on List.

* Refactor of IntSet.
First tentative look at using Index.

* Made Index an Int
Did preliminary fixes.
Made String use Index.

* Partial refactor of String.

* String::Buffer -&gt; getBuffer
ToWString -&gt; toWString

* Small improvements to String.
String::
Buffer() -&gt; getBuffer()
Equals() -&gt; equals

* Try to use Index where appropriate.

* Fix warnings on windows x86 builds.
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Improve support for interfaces as shader parameters (#886)</title>
<updated>2019-03-09T00:24:02+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Tim Foley</name>
<email>tfoleyNV@users.noreply.github.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-03-09T00:24:02+00:00</published>
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<id>urn:sha1:4f94dd46a2d885e570814dd14a5e46f8e0814802</id>
<content type='text'>
* Improve support for interfaces as shader parameters

This change adds two main things over the existing support:

1. It is now possible to plug in concrete types that actually contain (uniform/ordinary) fields for the existential type parameters introduced by interface-type shader parameters. The `interface-shader-param2.slang` test shows that this works.

2. There is a limited amount of support for doing correct layout computation and generating output code that matches that layout, so that interface and ordinary-type fields can be interleaved to a limited extent. The `interface-shader-param3.slang` test confirms this behavior.

There are several moving pieces in the change.

* When it comes to terminology, we try to draw a more clear distinction between existial type parameters/arguments and existential/object value parametes/arguments. A simple way to look at it is that an `IFoo[3]` shader parameter introduces a single existential type parameter (so that a concrete type argument like `SomeThing` can be plugged in for the `IFoo`) but introduces three existential object/value parameters (to represent the concrete values for the array elements).

* At the IR level, we support a few new operations. A `BindExistentialsType` can take a type that is not itself an interface/existential type but which depends on interfaces/existentials (e.g., `ConstantBuffer&lt;IFoo&gt;`) and plug in the concrete types to be used for its existential type slots.

* Then a `wrapExistentials` instruction can take a type with all the existentials plugged in (possibly by `BindExistentialsType`) and wrap it into a value of the existential-using type (e.g., turn `ConstantBuffer&lt;SomeThing&gt;` into a `ConstantBuffer&lt;IFoo&gt;`).

* The IR passes for doing generic/existential specialization have been updated to be able to desugar uses of these new operations just enough so that a `ConstantBuffer&lt;IFoo&gt;` can be used.

* When we specialize an IR parameter of an interface type like `IFoo` based on a concrete type `SomeThing`, we turn the parameter into an `ExistentialBox&lt;SomeThing&gt;` to reflect the fact that we are conceptually referring to `SomeThing` indirectly (it shouldn't be factored into the layout of its surrounding type).

* Parameter binding was updated so that it passes along the bound existential type arguments in a `Program` or `EntryPoint` to type layout, so that we can take them into account. The type layout code needs to do a little work to pass the appropriate range of arguments along to sub-fields when computing layout for aggregate types.

* Type layout was updated to have a notion of "pending" items, which represent the concrete types of data that are logically being referenced by existential value slots. The basic idea is that these values aren't included in the layout of a type by default, but then they get "flushed" to come after all the non-existential-related data in a constant buffer, parameter block, etc.

* The logic for computing a parameter group (`ConstantBuffer` or `ParameterBlock`) layout was updated to always "flush" the pending items on the element type of the group, so that the resource usage of specialized existential slots would be taken into account.

* The type legalization pass has been adapted so that we can derive two different passes from it. One does resource-type legalization (which is all that the original pass did). The new pass uses the same basic machinery to legalize `ExistentialBox&lt;T&gt;` types by moving them out of their containing type(s), and then turning them into ordinary variables/parameters of type `T`.

Big things missing from this change include:

- Nothing is making sure that "pending" items at the global or entry-point level will get proper registers/bindings allocated to them. For the uniform case, all that matters in the current compiler is that we declare them in the right order in the output HLSL/GLSL, but for resources to be supported we will need to compute this layout information and start associating it with the existential/interface-type fields.

- Nothing is being done to support `BindExistentials&lt;S, ...&gt;` where `S` is a `struct` type that might have existential-type fields (or nested fields...). Eventually we need to desugar a type like this into a fresh `struct` type that has the same field keys as `S`, but with fields replaced by suitable `BindExistentials` as needed. (The hard part of this would seem to be computing which slots go to which fields). As a practial matter, this missing feature means that interface-type members of `cbuffer` declarations won't work.

The current tests carefully avoid both of these problems. They don't declare any buffer/texture fields in the concrete types, and they don't make use of `cbuffer` declarations or `ConstantBuffer`s over structure types with interface-type fields.

* fixup: add override to methods

* fixup: typos
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>First steps toward supporting interface-type parameters on shaders (#852)</title>
<updated>2019-02-19T19:46:05+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Tim Foley</name>
<email>tfoleyNV@users.noreply.github.com</email>
</author>
<published>2019-02-19T19:46:05+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.yummers.dev/slang.git/commit/?id=32135c5bdfb4d387f8227742a2d2fd555898aca8'/>
<id>urn:sha1:32135c5bdfb4d387f8227742a2d2fd555898aca8</id>
<content type='text'>
* First steps toward supporting interface-type parameters on shaders

What's New
----------

From the perspective of a user, the main thing this change adds is the ability to declare top-level shader parameters (either at global scope, or in an entry-point parameter list) with interface types. For example, the following becomes possible:

```hlsl
// Define an interface to modify values
interface IModifier { float4 modify(float4 val); }

// Define some concrete implementations
struct Doubler : IModifier
{
    float4 modify(float4 val) { return val + val; }
}
struct Squarer : IModifier { ... }

// Define a global shader parameter of interface type
IModifier gGlobalModifier;

// Define an entry point with an interface-type `uniform` parameter
void myShader(
    unifrom IModifier entryPointModifier,
            float4    inColor  : COLOR,
        out float4    outColor : SV_Target)
{
    // Use the interface-type parameters to compute things
    float4 color = inColor;
    color = gGlobalModifier.modify(color);
    color = entryPointModifier.modify(color);
    outColor = color;
}
```

The user can specialize that shader by specifying the concrete types to use for global and entry-point parameters of interface types (e.g., plugging in `Doubler` for `gGlobalModifier` and `Squarer` for `entryPointModifier`).

The "plugging in" process is done in terms of a concept of both global and local "existential slots" which are a new `LayoutResourceKind` that represents the holes where concrete types need to be plugged in for existential/interface types.

In simple cases like the above, each interface-type parameter will yield a single existential slot in either the global or entry-point parameter layout. Users can query the start slot and number of slots for each shader parameter, just like they would for any other resource that a parameter can consume. Before generating specialized code, the user plugs in the name of the concrete type they would like to use for each slot using `spSetTypeNameForGlobalExistentialSlot` and/or `spSetTypeNameForEntryPointExistentialSlot`.

There are some major limitations to the implementation in this first change:

* Parameters must be of interface type (e.g., `IFoo`) and not an array (`IFoo[3]`), or buffer (`ConstantBuffer&lt;IFoo&gt;`) over an interface type. Similarly, `struct` types with interface-type fields still don't work.

* The work on interface-type function parameters still doesn't include support for `out` or `inout` parameters, nor for functions that return interface types (that isn't technically related to this change, but affects its usefullness).

* No work is being done to correctly lay out shader parameters once the concrete types for existential slots are known, so that this change really only works when the concrete type that gets plugged in is empty.

These limitations are severe enough that this feature isn't really usable as implemented in this change, and this merely represents a stepping stone toward a more complete implementation.

Implementation
--------------

The API side of thing largely mirrors what was already done to support passing strings for the type names to use for global/entry-point generic arguments, so there should be no major surprises there.

The logic in `check.cpp` computes the list of existential slots when creating unspecialized `Program`s and `EntryPoint`s (this is logically the "front end" of the compiler), and then checks the supplied argument types against what is expected in each slot when creating specialized `Program`s and `EntryPoint`s. This again mirrors how generic arguments are handled.

Type layout was extended to compute the number of existential slots that a type consumes, and will thus automatically assign ranges of slots to top-level and entry-point shader parameters in the same way it already allocates `register`s and `binding`s. The big missing feature is the ability to specialize a layout to account for the concrete types plugged into the existential-type slots.

IR generation for specialized programs and entry points was slightly extended so that it attaches information about the concrete types plugged into the existential slots, and the witness tables that show how they conform to the interface for that slot. The linking step needed some small tweaks to make sure that information gets copied over to the target-specific program when we start code generation.

The meat of the IR-level work is in `ir-bind-existentials.cpp`, which takes the information that was placed in the IR module by the generation/linking steps and uses it to rewrite shader parameters. For example, if there is a shader parameter `p` of type `IModifier`, and the corresponding existential slot has the type `Doubler` in it, we will rewrite the parameter to have type `Doubler`, and rewrite any uses of `p` to instead use `makeExistential(p, /*witness that Doubler conforms to IModifier*/)`.

Once the replacement is done on the parameters, the existing work for specializing existential-based code when the input type(s) are known kicks in and does the rest.

Testing
-------

A single compute test is added to validate that this feature works. It is narrowly tailored to not require any of the features not supported by the initial implementation (e.g., all of the concrete types used have no members).

The test case *does* include use of an associated type through one of these existential-type parameters, which has exposed a subtle bug in how "opening" of existential values is implemented in the front-end. Rather than fix the underlying problem, I cleaned up the code in the front-end to special case when the existential value being opened is a variable bound with `let`, to directly use a reference to that variable rather than introduce a temporary. Similarly, in the IR generation step, I added an optimization to make variables declared with `let` skip introducing an IR-level variable and just use the SSA value of their initializer directly instead.

* fixup: missing files

* fixup: incorrect type for unreachable return

* fixup: actually comment ir-bind-existentials.cpp
</content>
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