From 4d836989720523cd0363927e3e066f56b9dc445c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yum <yum.food.vr@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 17:26:16 -0800
Subject: Check in `future` package

I hit some issues installing Whisper and had to embed this package.
I haven't taken the time to deeply understand what's going on. I think
that embedded Python follows different rules about resolving module
paths than regular system Python.

Basically, `future`'s setup.py has a line like `import src`, where
`src` is a module inside future (like `future/src/__init__.py`). This
doesn't work unless we put that directory on the search path.
---
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/.travis.yml      |   45 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/LICENSE.txt      |   19 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/MANIFEST.in      |   27 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/PKG-INFO         |  108 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/README.rst       |  288 ++
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/TESTING.txt      |   13 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/check_rst.sh     |    2 +
 .../astropy_py3compat.py                           |  213 +
 .../django_utils_encoding.py                       |  228 +
 .../docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py |   17 +
 .../ipython_py3compat.py                           |  178 +
 .../3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py    |  109 +
 .../docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py  |   71 +
 .../docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py |  702 ++++
 .../pycrypto_py3compat.py                          |  107 +
 .../3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py |   69 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/Makefile    |  153 +
 .../docs/_static/python-future-icon-32.ico         |  Bin 0 -> 3262 bytes
 .../docs/_static/python-future-icon-white-32.ico   |  Bin 0 -> 3262 bytes
 .../python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png    |  Bin 0 -> 32656 bytes
 .../docs/_static/python-future-logo.png            |  Bin 0 -> 41580 bytes
 .../docs/_static/python-future-logo.tiff           |  Bin 0 -> 56904 bytes
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/layout.html      |   33 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/navbar.html      |   57 +
 .../docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html              |   21 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html |    3 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html  |    1 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/LICENSE             |   37 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/README |   31 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/layout.html  |    8 +
 .../docs/_themes/future/relations.html             |   19 +
 .../docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t        |  398 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/theme.conf   |    3 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/automatic_conversion.rst    |   29 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/bind_method.rst             |   29 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/bytes_object.rst            |   80 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/changelog.rst  | 1124 +++++
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/compatible_idioms.rst       | 1457 +++++++
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conf.py     |  332 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/contents.rst.inc            |   26 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/conversion_limitations.rst  |   27 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/credits.rst |  151 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/custom_iterators.rst        |   94 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/custom_str_methods.rst      |   27 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dev_notes.rst  |   16 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/development.rst             |   19 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/dict_object.rst             |   92 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/faq.rst     |  310 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/func_annotations.rst        |   37 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/future-builtins.rst         |   17 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futureext.py   |   83 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize.rst   |  314 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst     |  124 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_overview.rst       |   55 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/hindsight.rst  |    3 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/imports.rst |  126 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/index.rst   |    9 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/int_object.rst |   68 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/isinstance.rst |  117 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/limitations.rst             |   52 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/metaclasses.rst             |   18 +
 .../Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb       | 3167 ++++++++++++++
 .../docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb              |  161 +
 .../object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb |  246 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/older_interfaces.rst        |  141 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/open_function.rst           |   39 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/other/auto2to3.py           |  122 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/other/find_pattern.py       |   98 +
 .../docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py         |   36 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/other/lessons.txt           |   49 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/todo.txt |    1 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh |   23 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/other/useful_links.txt      |  110 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/overview.rst   |    1 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/pasteurize.rst |   45 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/quickstart.rst |  153 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/reference.rst  |   81 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/roadmap.rst |   46 +
 .../docs/standard_library_imports.rst              |  181 +
 .../docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst              |  106 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/str_object.rst |   99 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/translation.rst             |  112 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/unicode_literals.rst        |  197 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/upgrading.rst  |   12 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/utilities.rst  |   48 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/what_else.rst  |   25 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/whatsnew.rst   |  174 +
 .../future-0.18.2/docs/why_python3.rst             |   66 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/futurize.py      |   24 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pasteurize.py    |   23 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pytest.ini       |    3 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.cfg        |    7 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.py         |  181 +
 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/__init__.py  |    2 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/_dummy_thread/__init__.py    |   10 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/_markupbase/__init__.py      |   10 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/_thread/__init__.py          |   10 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/builtins/__init__.py         |   12 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/copyreg/__init__.py          |    9 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/PKG-INFO     |  108 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/SOURCES.txt  |  390 ++
 .../src/future.egg-info/dependency_links.txt       |    1 +
 .../src/future.egg-info/entry_points.txt           |    4 +
 .../src/future.egg-info/top_level.txt              |   17 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/__init__.py           |   93 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/__init__.py |   26 +
 .../src/future/backports/_markupbase.py            |  422 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/datetime.py | 2152 ++++++++++
 .../src/future/backports/email/__init__.py         |   78 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/_encoded_words.py   |  232 +
 .../future/backports/email/_header_value_parser.py | 2965 +++++++++++++
 .../src/future/backports/email/_parseaddr.py       |  546 +++
 .../src/future/backports/email/_policybase.py      |  365 ++
 .../src/future/backports/email/base64mime.py       |  120 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/charset.py          |  409 ++
 .../src/future/backports/email/encoders.py         |   90 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/errors.py           |  111 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/feedparser.py       |  525 +++
 .../src/future/backports/email/generator.py        |  498 +++
 .../src/future/backports/email/header.py           |  581 +++
 .../src/future/backports/email/headerregistry.py   |  592 +++
 .../src/future/backports/email/iterators.py        |   74 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/message.py          |  882 ++++
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/__init__.py    |    0
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/application.py |   39 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/audio.py       |   74 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/base.py        |   25 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/image.py       |   48 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/message.py     |   36 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/multipart.py   |   49 +
 .../future/backports/email/mime/nonmultipart.py    |   24 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/mime/text.py        |   44 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/parser.py           |  135 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/policy.py           |  193 +
 .../src/future/backports/email/quoprimime.py       |  326 ++
 .../src/future/backports/email/utils.py            |  400 ++
 .../src/future/backports/html/__init__.py          |   27 +
 .../src/future/backports/html/entities.py          | 2514 +++++++++++
 .../src/future/backports/html/parser.py            |  536 +++
 .../src/future/backports/http/__init__.py          |    0
 .../src/future/backports/http/client.py            | 1346 ++++++
 .../src/future/backports/http/cookiejar.py         | 2110 ++++++++++
 .../src/future/backports/http/cookies.py           |  598 +++
 .../src/future/backports/http/server.py            | 1226 ++++++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/misc.py     |  944 +++++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/socket.py   |  454 ++
 .../src/future/backports/socketserver.py           |  747 ++++
 .../src/future/backports/test/__init__.py          |    9 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/badcert.pem          |   36 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/badkey.pem           |   40 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/dh512.pem            |    9 +
 .../backports/test/https_svn_python_org_root.pem   |   41 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/keycert.passwd.pem   |   33 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/keycert.pem          |   31 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/keycert2.pem         |   31 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/nokia.pem            |   31 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/nullbytecert.pem     |   90 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/nullcert.pem         |    0
 .../src/future/backports/test/pystone.py           |  272 ++
 .../src/future/backports/test/sha256.pem           |  128 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/ssl_cert.pem         |   15 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.passwd.pem   |   18 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.pem          |   16 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/ssl_servers.py       |  207 +
 .../src/future/backports/test/support.py           | 2048 +++++++++
 .../src/future/backports/total_ordering.py         |   38 +
 .../src/future/backports/urllib/__init__.py        |    0
 .../src/future/backports/urllib/error.py           |   75 +
 .../src/future/backports/urllib/parse.py           |  991 +++++
 .../src/future/backports/urllib/request.py         | 2647 ++++++++++++
 .../src/future/backports/urllib/response.py        |  103 +
 .../src/future/backports/urllib/robotparser.py     |  211 +
 .../src/future/backports/xmlrpc/__init__.py        |    1 +
 .../src/future/backports/xmlrpc/client.py          | 1496 +++++++
 .../src/future/backports/xmlrpc/server.py          |  999 +++++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/__init__.py  |   51 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/disabled.py  |   66 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/iterators.py |   52 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/misc.py      |  135 +
 .../src/future/builtins/new_min_max.py             |   59 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newnext.py   |   70 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newround.py  |  102 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newsuper.py  |  114 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/__init__.py     |    8 +
 .../src/future/moves/_dummy_thread.py              |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_markupbase.py  |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_thread.py      |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/builtins.py     |   10 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/collections.py  |   18 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/configparser.py |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/copyreg.py      |   12 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/__init__.py |   20 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/dumb.py     |    9 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/gnu.py      |    9 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/ndbm.py     |    9 +
 .../src/future/moves/html/__init__.py              |   31 +
 .../src/future/moves/html/entities.py              |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/parser.py  |    8 +
 .../src/future/moves/http/__init__.py              |    4 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/client.py  |    8 +
 .../src/future/moves/http/cookiejar.py             |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/cookies.py |    9 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/server.py  |   20 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/itertools.py    |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/pickle.py       |   11 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/queue.py        |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/reprlib.py      |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/socketserver.py |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/subprocess.py   |   11 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/sys.py          |    8 +
 .../src/future/moves/test/__init__.py              |    5 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/test/support.py |   10 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/__init__.py           |   27 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/colorchooser.py       |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/commondialog.py       |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/constants.py          |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/dialog.py             |   12 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dnd.py  |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/filedialog.py         |   12 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/font.py |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/messagebox.py         |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/scrolledtext.py       |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/tkinter/simpledialog.py       |   12 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/tix.py  |   12 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/ttk.py  |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/urllib/__init__.py            |    5 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/error.py |   16 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/parse.py |   28 +
 .../src/future/moves/urllib/request.py             |   94 +
 .../src/future/moves/urllib/response.py            |   12 +
 .../src/future/moves/urllib/robotparser.py         |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/winreg.py       |    8 +
 .../src/future/moves/xmlrpc/__init__.py            |    0
 .../src/future/moves/xmlrpc/client.py              |    7 +
 .../src/future/moves/xmlrpc/server.py              |    7 +
 .../src/future/standard_library/__init__.py        |  815 ++++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/__init__.py     |    0
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/base.py         |  539 +++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/__init__.py     |  257 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newbytes.py     |  460 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newdict.py      |  111 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newint.py       |  381 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newlist.py      |   95 +
 .../src/future/types/newmemoryview.py              |   29 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newobject.py    |  117 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newopen.py      |   32 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newrange.py     |  170 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newstr.py       |  426 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/__init__.py     |  767 ++++
 .../src/future/utils/surrogateescape.py            |  198 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/html/__init__.py             |    9 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/html/entities.py             |    7 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/parser.py  |    8 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/http/__init__.py             |    9 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/client.py  |   90 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/http/cookiejar.py            |    6 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookies.py |    7 +
 .../Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/server.py  |   18 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/__init__.py      |    1 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixer_util.py    |  520 +++
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/__init__.py              |   97 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_UserDict.py          |  102 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_absolute_import.py   |   91 +
 ...add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals.py |   26 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_basestring.py        |   17 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_bytes.py             |   24 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_cmp.py |   33 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division.py          |   12 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division_safe.py     |  104 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_execfile.py          |   37 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py   |   59 +
 .../fixes/fix_future_standard_library.py           |   24 +
 .../fixes/fix_future_standard_library_urllib.py    |   28 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_input.py             |   32 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py         |  262 ++
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_next_call.py         |  104 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_object.py            |   17 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_oldstr_wrap.py       |   39 +
 .../fixes/fix_order___future__imports.py           |   36 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print.py             |   94 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print_with_import.py |   22 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_raise.py             |  107 +
 .../fixes/fix_remove_old__future__imports.py       |   26 +
 .../src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_keep_u.py    |   24 +
 .../fixes/fix_unicode_literals_import.py           |   18 +
 .../libfuturize/fixes/fix_xrange_with_import.py    |   20 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/main.py          |  322 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/__init__.py    |    1 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/__init__.py            |   54 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/feature_base.py        |   57 +
 .../fixes/fix_add_all__future__imports.py          |   24 +
 .../fixes/fix_add_all_future_builtins.py           |   37 +
 .../fix_add_future_standard_library_import.py      |   23 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_annotations.py     |   48 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_division.py        |   28 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_features.py        |   86 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_fullargspec.py     |   16 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py |   46 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_getcwd.py          |   26 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports.py         |  112 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports2.py        |  174 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_kwargs.py          |  147 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_memoryview.py      |   21 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py       |   78 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_newstyle.py        |   33 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_next.py            |   43 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_printfunction.py   |   17 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise.py           |   25 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise_.py          |   35 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_throw.py           |   23 +
 .../src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_unpacking.py       |  120 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/main.py        |  204 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/__init__.py             |   90 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/__init__.py    |   72 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/misc.py        |   94 +
 .../src/past/builtins/noniterators.py              |  272 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/translation/__init__.py |  485 +++
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/types/__init__.py       |   29 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/types/basestring.py     |   39 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/types/olddict.py        |   96 +
 .../future-0.18.2/src/past/types/oldstr.py         |  135 +
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 .../tests/test_future/test_int_old_division.py     |  101 +
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 .../tests/test_future/test_libfuturize_fixers.py   | 4413 ++++++++++++++++++++
 .../future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_list.py   |  192 +
 .../tests/test_future/test_magicsuper.py           |  135 +
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 .../test_future/test_py2_str_literals_to_bytes.py  |    1 +
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 .../tests/test_future/test_requests.py             |  107 +
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 .../tests/test_future/test_surrogateescape.py      |  142 +
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 .../tests/test_future/test_urllibnet.py            |  231 +
 .../tests/test_future/test_urlparse.py             |  860 ++++
 .../future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_utils.py  |  406 ++
 .../future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/__init__.py      |    0
 .../tests/test_past/test_basestring.py             |   24 +
 .../future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_builtins.py | 1790 ++++++++
 .../tests/test_past/test_noniterators.py           |   34 +
 .../future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_olddict.py  |  791 ++++
 .../future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_oldstr.py   |   46 +
 .../tests/test_past/test_translation.py            |  738 ++++
 Python/python310._pth                              |    7 +-
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dialog.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dnd.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/filedialog.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/font.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/messagebox.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/scrolledtext.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/simpledialog.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/tix.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/ttk.py
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/winreg.py
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/client.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/server.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/standard_library/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/__init__.py
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newbytes.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newdict.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newint.py
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newstr.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/surrogateescape.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/entities.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/parser.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/client.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookiejar.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookies.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/server.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixer_util.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_UserDict.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_absolute_import.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_basestring.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_bytes.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_cmp.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division_safe.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_execfile.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library_urllib.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_input.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_next_call.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_object.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_oldstr_wrap.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_order___future__imports.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print_with_import.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_raise.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_remove_old__future__imports.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_keep_u.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_literals_import.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_xrange_with_import.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/main.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/feature_base.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all__future__imports.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all_future_builtins.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_future_standard_library_import.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_annotations.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_division.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_features.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_fullargspec.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_getcwd.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports.py
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_newstyle.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_next.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_printfunction.py
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/reprlib/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/socketserver/__init__.py
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 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_htmlparser.py
 create mode 100644 Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_http_cookiejar.py
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(limited to 'Python')

diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/.travis.yml b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b74e8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+sudo: false
+language: python
+cache: pip
+
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - python: 2.6
+      env: TOXENV=py26
+      dist: trusty
+    - python: 2.7
+      env: TOXENV=py27
+    - python: 3.3
+      env: TOXENV=py33
+      dist: trusty
+      sudo: false
+    - python: 3.4
+      env: TOXENV=py34
+    - python: 3.5
+      env: TOXENV=py35
+    - python: 3.6
+      env: TOXENV=py36
+    - python: 3.7
+      env: TOXENV=py37
+      dist: xenial    # required for Python 3.7 (travis-ci/travis-ci#9069)
+      sudo: required  # required for Python 3.7 (travis-ci/travis-ci#9069)
+
+install:
+  - pip install tox==2.9.1
+  - pip install virtualenv==15.2.0
+  - pip install py==1.4.30
+  - pip install pluggy==0.5.2
+
+before_script:
+  # Run flake8 tests only on Python 2.7 and 3.7...
+  # 1) stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+  # 2) exit-zero treats all errors as warnings.  The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+  - if [[ $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION == *.7 ]]; then
+      pip install flake8;
+      flake8 . --count --exit-zero --select=E901,E999,F821,F822,F823 --show-source --statistics;
+      flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics; 
+    fi
+
+script:
+  - tox
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/LICENSE.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c904db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/MANIFEST.in b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/MANIFEST.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0e9f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/MANIFEST.in
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+include *.sh
+include *.txt
+include *.rst
+include *.py
+include .travis.yml
+include pytest.ini
+recursive-include docs LICENSE
+recursive-include docs README
+recursive-include docs *.conf
+recursive-include docs *.css_t
+recursive-include docs *.html
+recursive-include docs *.ico
+recursive-include docs *.inc
+recursive-include docs *.ipynb
+recursive-include docs *.png
+recursive-include docs *.py
+recursive-include docs *.rst
+recursive-include docs *.sh
+recursive-include docs *.tiff
+recursive-include docs *.txt
+recursive-include docs Makefile
+recursive-include src *.py
+recursive-include src *.pem
+recursive-include tests *.au
+recursive-include tests *.gif
+recursive-include tests *.py
+recursive-include tests *.txt
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/PKG-INFO b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/PKG-INFO
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cf8029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/PKG-INFO
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+Metadata-Version: 1.2
+Name: future
+Version: 0.18.2
+Summary: Clean single-source support for Python 3 and 2
+Home-page: https://python-future.org
+Author: Ed Schofield
+Author-email: ed@pythoncharmers.com
+License: MIT
+Description-Content-Type: UNKNOWN
+Description: 
+        future: Easy, safe support for Python 2/3 compatibility
+        =======================================================
+        
+        ``future`` is the missing compatibility layer between Python 2 and Python
+        3. It allows you to use a single, clean Python 3.x-compatible codebase to
+        support both Python 2 and Python 3 with minimal overhead.
+        
+        It is designed to be used as follows::
+        
+            from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                                    print_function, unicode_literals)
+            from builtins import (
+                     bytes, dict, int, list, object, range, str,
+                     ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open,
+                     pow, round, super,
+                     filter, map, zip)
+        
+        followed by predominantly standard, idiomatic Python 3 code that then runs
+        similarly on Python 2.6/2.7 and Python 3.3+.
+        
+        The imports have no effect on Python 3. On Python 2, they shadow the
+        corresponding builtins, which normally have different semantics on Python 3
+        versus 2, to provide their Python 3 semantics.
+        
+        
+        Standard library reorganization
+        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+        
+        ``future`` supports the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108) through the
+        following Py3 interfaces:
+        
+            >>> # Top-level packages with Py3 names provided on Py2:
+            >>> import html.parser
+            >>> import queue
+            >>> import tkinter.dialog
+            >>> import xmlrpc.client
+            >>> # etc.
+        
+            >>> # Aliases provided for extensions to existing Py2 module names:
+            >>> from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+            >>> install_aliases()
+        
+            >>> from collections import Counter, OrderedDict   # backported to Py2.6
+            >>> from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+            >>> import urllib.request
+            >>> from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+            >>> from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+        
+        
+        Automatic conversion
+        --------------------
+        
+        An included script called `futurize
+        <http://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html>`_ aids in converting
+        code (from either Python 2 or Python 3) to code compatible with both
+        platforms. It is similar to ``python-modernize`` but goes further in
+        providing Python 3 compatibility through the use of the backported types
+        and builtin functions in ``future``.
+        
+        
+        Documentation
+        -------------
+        
+        See: http://python-future.org
+        
+        
+        Credits
+        -------
+        
+        :Author:  Ed Schofield, Jordan M. Adler, et al
+        :Sponsor: Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia, and Python Charmers Pte
+                  Ltd, Singapore. http://pythoncharmers.com
+        :Others:  See docs/credits.rst or http://python-future.org/credits.html
+        
+        
+        Licensing
+        ---------
+        Copyright 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+        The software is distributed under an MIT licence. See LICENSE.txt.
+        
+        
+Keywords: future past python3 migration futurize backport six 2to3 modernize pasteurize 3to2
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Requires-Python: >=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/README.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea80653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+.. _overview:
+
+Overview: Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibility
+========================================================
+
+``python-future`` is the missing compatibility layer between Python 2 and
+Python 3. It allows you to use a single, clean Python 3.x-compatible
+codebase to support both Python 2 and Python 3 with minimal overhead.
+
+It provides ``future`` and ``past`` packages with backports and forward
+ports of features from Python 3 and 2. It also comes with ``futurize`` and
+``pasteurize``, customized 2to3-based scripts that helps you to convert
+either Py2 or Py3 code easily to support both Python 2 and 3 in a single
+clean Py3-style codebase, module by module.
+
+Notable projects that use ``python-future`` for Python 2/3 compatibility
+are `Mezzanine <http://mezzanine.jupo.org/>`_ and `ObsPy
+<http://obspy.org>`_.
+
+.. _features:
+
+Features
+--------
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/PythonCharmers/python-future.svg?branch=master
+       :target: https://travis-ci.org/PythonCharmers/python-future
+
+-   ``future.builtins`` package (also available as ``builtins`` on Py2) provides
+    backports and remappings for 20 builtins with different semantics on Py3
+    versus Py2
+
+-   support for directly importing 30 standard library modules under
+    their Python 3 names on Py2
+
+-   support for importing the other 14 refactored standard library modules
+    under their Py3 names relatively cleanly via
+    ``future.standard_library`` and ``future.moves``
+
+-   ``past.builtins`` package provides forward-ports of 19 Python 2 types and
+    builtin functions. These can aid with per-module code migrations.
+
+-   ``past.translation`` package supports transparent translation of Python 2
+    modules to Python 3 upon import. [This feature is currently in alpha.]
+
+-   1000+ unit tests, including many from the Py3.3 source tree.
+
+-   ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts based on ``2to3`` and parts of
+    ``3to2`` and ``python-modernize``, for automatic conversion from either Py2
+    or Py3 to a clean single-source codebase compatible with Python 2.6+ and
+    Python 3.3+.
+
+-   a curated set of utility functions and decorators in ``future.utils`` and
+    ``past.utils`` selected from Py2/3 compatibility interfaces from projects
+    like ``six``, ``IPython``, ``Jinja2``, ``Django``, and ``Pandas``.
+
+-   support for the ``surrogateescape`` error handler when encoding and
+    decoding the backported ``str`` and ``bytes`` objects. [This feature is
+    currently in alpha.]
+
+.. _code-examples:
+
+Code examples
+-------------
+
+Replacements for Py2's built-in functions and types are designed to be imported
+at the top of each Python module together with Python's built-in ``__future__``
+statements. For example, this code behaves identically on Python 2.6/2.7 after
+these imports as it does on Python 3.3+:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+    from builtins import (bytes, str, open, super, range,
+                          zip, round, input, int, pow, object)
+
+    # Backported Py3 bytes object
+    b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+    assert list(b) == [65, 66, 67, 68]
+    assert repr(b) == "b'ABCD'"
+    # These raise TypeErrors:
+    # b + u'EFGH'
+    # bytes(b',').join([u'Fred', u'Bill'])
+
+    # Backported Py3 str object
+    s = str(u'ABCD')
+    assert s != bytes(b'ABCD')
+    assert isinstance(s.encode('utf-8'), bytes)
+    assert isinstance(b.decode('utf-8'), str)
+    assert repr(s) == "'ABCD'"      # consistent repr with Py3 (no u prefix)
+    # These raise TypeErrors:
+    # bytes(b'B') in s
+    # s.find(bytes(b'A'))
+
+    # Extra arguments for the open() function
+    f = open('japanese.txt', encoding='utf-8', errors='replace')
+
+    # New zero-argument super() function:
+    class VerboseList(list):
+        def append(self, item):
+            print('Adding an item')
+            super().append(item)
+
+    # New iterable range object with slicing support
+    for i in range(10**15)[:10]:
+        pass
+
+    # Other iterators: map, zip, filter
+    my_iter = zip(range(3), ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+    assert my_iter != list(my_iter)
+
+    # The round() function behaves as it does in Python 3, using
+    # "Banker's Rounding" to the nearest even last digit:
+    assert round(0.1250, 2) == 0.12
+
+    # input() replaces Py2's raw_input() (with no eval()):
+    name = input('What is your name? ')
+    print('Hello ' + name)
+
+    # pow() supports fractional exponents of negative numbers like in Py3:
+    z = pow(-1, 0.5)
+
+    # Compatible output from isinstance() across Py2/3:
+    assert isinstance(2**64, int)        # long integers
+    assert isinstance(u'blah', str)
+    assert isinstance('blah', str)       # only if unicode_literals is in effect
+
+    # Py3-style iterators written as new-style classes (subclasses of
+    # future.types.newobject) are automatically backward compatible with Py2:
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+    assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')
+
+
+There is also support for renamed standard library modules. The recommended
+interface works like this:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    # Many Py3 module names are supported directly on both Py2.x and 3.x:
+    from http.client import HttpConnection
+    import html.parser
+    import queue
+    import xmlrpc.client
+
+    # Refactored modules with clashing names on Py2 and Py3 are supported
+    # as follows:
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+    # Then, for example:
+    from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+    from urllib.request import urlopen
+    from collections import ChainMap
+    from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+    from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+    from collections import Counter, OrderedDict   # backported to Py2.6
+
+
+Automatic conversion to Py2/3-compatible code
+---------------------------------------------
+
+``python-future`` comes with two scripts called ``futurize`` and
+``pasteurize`` to aid in making Python 2 code or Python 3 code compatible with
+both platforms (Py2/3). It is based on 2to3 and uses fixers from ``lib2to3``,
+``lib3to2``, and ``python-modernize``, as well as custom fixers.
+
+``futurize`` passes Python 2 code through all the appropriate fixers to turn it
+into valid Python 3 code, and then adds ``__future__`` and ``future`` package
+imports so that it also runs under Python 2.
+
+For conversions from Python 3 code to Py2/3, use the ``pasteurize`` script
+instead. This converts Py3-only constructs (e.g. new metaclass syntax) to
+Py2/3 compatible constructs and adds ``__future__`` and ``future`` imports to
+the top of each module.
+
+In both cases, the result should be relatively clean Py3-style code that runs
+mostly unchanged on both Python 2 and Python 3.
+
+Futurize: 2 to both
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+For example, running ``futurize -w mymodule.py`` turns this Python 2 code:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import Queue
+    from urllib2 import urlopen
+
+    def greet(name):
+        print 'Hello',
+        print name
+
+    print "What's your name?",
+    name = raw_input()
+    greet(name)
+
+into this code which runs on both Py2 and Py3:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+    from builtins import input
+    import queue
+    from urllib.request import urlopen
+
+    def greet(name):
+        print('Hello', end=' ')
+        print(name)
+
+    print("What's your name?", end=' ')
+    name = input()
+    greet(name)
+
+See :ref:`forwards-conversion` and :ref:`backwards-conversion` for more details.
+
+
+Automatic translation
+---------------------
+
+The ``past`` package can automatically translate some simple Python 2
+modules to Python 3 upon import. The goal is to support the "long tail" of
+real-world Python 2 modules (e.g. on PyPI) that have not been ported yet. For
+example, here is how to use a Python 2-only package called ``plotrique`` on
+Python 3. First install it:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ pip3 install plotrique==0.2.5-7 --no-compile   # to ignore SyntaxErrors
+
+(or use ``pip`` if this points to your Py3 environment.)
+
+Then pass a whitelist of module name prefixes to the ``autotranslate()`` function.
+Example:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ python3
+
+    >>> from past.translation import autotranslate
+    >>> autotranslate(['plotrique'])
+    >>> import plotrique
+
+This transparently translates and runs the ``plotrique`` module and any
+submodules in the ``plotrique`` package that ``plotrique`` imports.
+
+This is intended to help you migrate to Python 3 without the need for all
+your code's dependencies to support Python 3 yet. It should be used as a
+last resort; ideally Python 2-only dependencies should be ported
+properly to a Python 2/3 compatible codebase using a tool like
+``futurize`` and the changes should be pushed to the upstream project.
+
+Note: the auto-translation feature is still in alpha; it needs more testing and
+development, and will likely never be perfect.
+
+For more info, see :ref:`translation`.
+
+Licensing
+---------
+
+:Author:  Ed Schofield, Jordan M. Adler, et al
+
+:Copyright: 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+
+:Sponsors: Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia, and Python Charmers Pte
+           Ltd, Singapore. http://pythoncharmers.com
+
+           Pinterest https://opensource.pinterest.com/
+
+:Licence: MIT. See ``LICENSE.txt`` or `here <http://python-future.org/credits.html>`_.
+
+:Other credits:  See `here <http://python-future.org/credits.html>`_.
+
+
+Next steps
+----------
+
+If you are new to Python-Future, check out the `Quickstart Guide
+<http://python-future.org/quickstart.html>`_.
+
+For an update on changes in the latest version, see the `What's New
+<http://python-future.org/whatsnew.html>`_ page.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/TESTING.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/TESTING.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e9b96a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/TESTING.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Currently the tests are passing on OS X and Linux on Python 2.7 and 3.4.
+
+The test suite can be run with:
+
+    $ tox
+
+which tests the module under a number of different python versions, where available, or with:
+
+    $ py.test
+
+To execute a single test:
+
+    $ pytest -k test_chained_exceptions_stacktrace
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/check_rst.sh b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/check_rst.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8af1893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/check_rst.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+rst2html README.rst > README.html && xdg-open README.html
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/astropy_py3compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/astropy_py3compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d264da8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/astropy_py3compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+# Licensed under a 3-clause BSD style license - see PYFITS.rst
+
+import sys
+
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
+
+if PY3:  # pragma: py3
+    # Stuff to do if Python 3
+    import builtins
+    import io
+
+    # Bring back the cmp() function
+    builtins.cmp = lambda a, b: (a > b) - (a < b)
+
+    # Make the decode_ascii utility function actually work
+    from . import util
+    import numpy
+
+    def encode_ascii(s):
+        if isinstance(s, str):
+            return s.encode('ascii')
+        elif isinstance(s, numpy.ndarray) and \
+                issubclass(s.dtype.type, numpy.str_):
+            ns = numpy.char.encode(s, 'ascii').view(type(s))
+            if ns.dtype.itemsize != s.dtype.itemsize / 4:
+                ns = ns.astype((numpy.bytes_, s.dtype.itemsize / 4))
+            return ns
+        return s
+    util.encode_ascii = encode_ascii
+
+    def decode_ascii(s):
+        if isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s.decode('ascii')
+        elif (isinstance(s, numpy.ndarray) and
+              issubclass(s.dtype.type, numpy.bytes_)):
+            # np.char.encode/decode annoyingly don't preserve the type of the
+            # array, hence the view() call
+            # It also doesn't necessarily preserve widths of the strings,
+            # hence the astype()
+            ns = numpy.char.decode(s, 'ascii').view(type(s))
+            if ns.dtype.itemsize / 4 != s.dtype.itemsize:
+                ns = ns.astype((numpy.str_, s.dtype.itemsize))
+            return ns
+        return s
+    util.decode_ascii = decode_ascii
+
+    # Replacements for b and u marks on strings
+    def b(s):
+        return s.encode('latin-1')
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+
+    util.b = b
+    util.u = u
+
+    # See the docstring for astropy.io.fits.util.fileobj_open for why we need
+    # to replace this function
+    def fileobj_open(filename, mode):
+        return open(filename, mode, buffering=0)
+    util.fileobj_open = fileobj_open
+
+    # Support the io.IOBase.readable/writable methods
+    from .util import isreadable as _isreadable
+
+    def isreadable(f):
+        if hasattr(f, 'readable'):
+            return f.readable()
+        return _isreadable(f)
+    util.isreadable = isreadable
+
+    from .util import iswritable as _iswritable
+
+    def iswritable(f):
+        if hasattr(f, 'writable'):
+            return f.writable()
+        return _iswritable(f)
+    util.iswritable = iswritable
+
+    # isfile needs to support the higher-level wrappers around FileIO
+    def isfile(f):
+        if isinstance(f, io.FileIO):
+            return True
+        elif hasattr(f, 'buffer'):
+            return isfile(f.buffer)
+        elif hasattr(f, 'raw'):
+            return isfile(f.raw)
+        return False
+    util.isfile = isfile
+
+    # Here we monkey patch (yes, I know) numpy to fix a few numpy Python 3
+    # bugs.  The only behavior that's modified is that bugs are fixed, so that
+    # should be OK.
+
+    # Fix chararrays; this is necessary in numpy 1.5.1 and below--hopefully
+    # should not be necessary later.  See
+    # http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/ticket/1817
+    # TODO: Maybe do a version check on numpy for this?  (Note: the fix for
+    # this hasn't been accepted in Numpy yet, so a version number check would
+    # not be helpful yet...)
+    from . import file
+
+    _chararray = numpy.char.chararray
+
+    class chararray(_chararray):
+        def __getitem__(self, obj):
+                val = numpy.ndarray.__getitem__(self, obj)
+                if isinstance(val, numpy.character):
+                    temp = val.rstrip()
+                    if numpy.char._len(temp) == 0:
+                        val = ''
+                    else:
+                        val = temp
+                return val
+    for m in [numpy.char, numpy.core.defchararray, numpy.core.records]:
+        m.chararray = chararray
+
+    # Fix recarrays with sub-array fields.  See
+    # http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/ticket/1766
+    # TODO: Same as above, though the fix to this problem hasn't made it into
+    # any Numpy release yet either, so we'll have to hold off on a version
+    # check
+    def _fix_dtype(dtype):
+        """
+        Numpy has a bug (in Python3 only) that causes a segfault when
+        accessing the data of arrays containing nested arrays.  Specifically,
+        this happens if the shape of the subarray is not given as a tuple.
+        See http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/ticket/1766.
+        """
+
+        if not hasattr(dtype, 'fields') or dtype.fields is None:
+            return dtype
+
+        formats = []
+        offsets = []
+        titles = []
+        for name in dtype.names:
+            field = dtype.fields[name]
+            shape = field[0].shape
+            if not isinstance(shape, tuple):
+                shape = (shape,)
+            formats.append((field[0].base, shape))
+            offsets.append(field[1])
+
+            # There seems to be no obvious way to extract the titles from
+            # a dtype, so this just searches for duplicate fields
+            title = None
+            for key, dup in dtype.fields.items():
+                if key != name and dup == field:
+                    title = key
+                    break
+            titles.append(title)
+
+        return numpy.dtype({'names': dtype.names, 'formats': formats,
+                            'offsets': offsets, 'titles': titles})
+
+    _recarray = numpy.recarray
+
+    class recarray(_recarray):
+        def __new__(subtype, shape, dtype=None, buf=None, offset=0,
+                    strides=None, formats=None, names=None, titles=None,
+                    byteorder=None, aligned=False, order='C'):
+            if dtype is not None:
+                dtype = _fix_dtype(dtype)
+
+            if 'order' in _recarray.__new__.__code__.co_varnames:
+                return _recarray.__new__(
+                    subtype, shape, dtype, buf, offset, strides, formats,
+                    names, titles, byteorder, aligned, order)
+            else:
+                return _recarray.__new__(
+                    subtype, shape, dtype, buf, offset, strides, formats,
+                    names, titles, byteorder, aligned)
+    numpy.recarray = numpy.core.records.recarray = recarray
+
+    # We also need to patch astropy.io.fits.file._File which can also be
+    # affected by the #1766 bug
+    old_File = file._File
+
+    class _File(old_File):
+        def readarray(self, size=None, offset=0, dtype=numpy.uint8,
+                      shape=None):
+            if isinstance(dtype, numpy.dtype):
+                dtype = _fix_dtype(dtype)
+            return old_File.readarray(self, size, offset, dtype, shape)
+        readarray.__doc__ = old_File.readarray.__doc__
+    file._File = _File
+
+    # Replace astropy.io.fits.util.maketrans and translate with versions that
+    # work with Python 3 unicode strings
+    util.maketrans = str.maketrans
+
+    def translate(s, table, deletechars):
+        if deletechars:
+            table = table.copy()
+            for c in deletechars:
+                table[ord(c)] = None
+        return s.translate(table)
+    util.translate = translate
+else:
+    # Stuff to do if not Python 3
+    import string
+    from . import util
+    util.maketrans = string.maketrans
+
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s, 'unicode_escape')
+
+    util.b = b
+    util.u = u
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/django_utils_encoding.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/django_utils_encoding.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa0218c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/django_utils_encoding.py
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import codecs
+import datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
+import locale
+try:
+    from urllib.parse import quote
+except ImportError:     # Python 2
+    from urllib import quote
+
+from django.utils.functional import Promise
+from django.utils import six
+
+class DjangoUnicodeDecodeError(UnicodeDecodeError):
+    def __init__(self, obj, *args):
+        self.obj = obj
+        UnicodeDecodeError.__init__(self, *args)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        original = UnicodeDecodeError.__str__(self)
+        return '%s. You passed in %r (%s)' % (original, self.obj,
+                type(self.obj))
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(klass):
+    """
+    A decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python 2.
+    Under Python 3 it does nothing.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__ method
+    returning text and apply this decorator to the class.
+    """
+    if not six.PY3:
+        klass.__unicode__ = klass.__str__
+        klass.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
+    return klass
+
+def smart_text(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    Returns a text object representing 's' -- unicode on Python 2 and str on
+    Python 3. Treats bytestrings using the 'encoding' codec.
+
+    If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects.
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, Promise):
+        # The input is the result of a gettext_lazy() call.
+        return s
+    return force_text(s, encoding, strings_only, errors)
+
+def is_protected_type(obj):
+    """Determine if the object instance is of a protected type.
+
+    Objects of protected types are preserved as-is when passed to
+    force_text(strings_only=True).
+    """
+    return isinstance(obj, six.integer_types + (type(None), float, Decimal,
+        datetime.datetime, datetime.date, datetime.time))
+
+def force_text(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    Similar to smart_text, except that lazy instances are resolved to
+    strings, rather than kept as lazy objects.
+
+    If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects.
+    """
+    # Handle the common case first, saves 30-40% when s is an instance of
+    # six.text_type. This function gets called often in that setting.
+    if isinstance(s, six.text_type):
+        return s
+    if strings_only and is_protected_type(s):
+        return s
+    try:
+        if not isinstance(s, six.string_types):
+            if hasattr(s, '__unicode__'):
+                s = s.__unicode__()
+            else:
+                if six.PY3:
+                    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+                        s = six.text_type(s, encoding, errors)
+                    else:
+                        s = six.text_type(s)
+                else:
+                    s = six.text_type(bytes(s), encoding, errors)
+        else:
+            # Note: We use .decode() here, instead of six.text_type(s, encoding,
+            # errors), so that if s is a SafeBytes, it ends up being a
+            # SafeText at the end.
+            s = s.decode(encoding, errors)
+    except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
+        if not isinstance(s, Exception):
+            raise DjangoUnicodeDecodeError(s, *e.args)
+        else:
+            # If we get to here, the caller has passed in an Exception
+            # subclass populated with non-ASCII bytestring data without a
+            # working unicode method. Try to handle this without raising a
+            # further exception by individually forcing the exception args
+            # to unicode.
+            s = ' '.join([force_text(arg, encoding, strings_only,
+                    errors) for arg in s])
+    return s
+
+def smart_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    Returns a bytestring version of 's', encoded as specified in 'encoding'.
+
+    If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects.
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, Promise):
+        # The input is the result of a gettext_lazy() call.
+        return s
+    return force_bytes(s, encoding, strings_only, errors)
+
+
+def force_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8', strings_only=False, errors='strict'):
+    """
+    Similar to smart_bytes, except that lazy instances are resolved to
+    strings, rather than kept as lazy objects.
+
+    If strings_only is True, don't convert (some) non-string-like objects.
+    """
+    if isinstance(s, six.memoryview):
+        s = bytes(s)
+    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        if encoding == 'utf-8':
+            return s
+        else:
+            return s.decode('utf-8', errors).encode(encoding, errors)
+    if strings_only and (s is None or isinstance(s, int)):
+        return s
+    if isinstance(s, Promise):
+        return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding, errors)
+    if not isinstance(s, six.string_types):
+        try:
+            if six.PY3:
+                return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding)
+            else:
+                return bytes(s)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            if isinstance(s, Exception):
+                # An Exception subclass containing non-ASCII data that doesn't
+                # know how to print itself properly. We shouldn't raise a
+                # further exception.
+                return b' '.join([force_bytes(arg, encoding, strings_only,
+                        errors) for arg in s])
+            return six.text_type(s).encode(encoding, errors)
+    else:
+        return s.encode(encoding, errors)
+
+if six.PY3:
+    smart_str = smart_text
+    force_str = force_text
+else:
+    smart_str = smart_bytes
+    force_str = force_bytes
+    # backwards compatibility for Python 2
+    smart_unicode = smart_text
+    force_unicode = force_text
+
+smart_str.__doc__ = """\
+Apply smart_text in Python 3 and smart_bytes in Python 2.
+
+This is suitable for writing to sys.stdout (for instance).
+"""
+
+force_str.__doc__ = """\
+Apply force_text in Python 3 and force_bytes in Python 2.
+"""
+
+def iri_to_uri(iri):
+    """
+    Convert an Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) portion to a URI
+    portion that is suitable for inclusion in a URL.
+
+    This is the algorithm from section 3.1 of RFC 3987.  However, since we are
+    assuming input is either UTF-8 or unicode already, we can simplify things a
+    little from the full method.
+
+    Returns an ASCII string containing the encoded result.
+    """
+    # The list of safe characters here is constructed from the "reserved" and
+    # "unreserved" characters specified in sections 2.2 and 2.3 of RFC 3986:
+    #     reserved    = gen-delims / sub-delims
+    #     gen-delims  = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
+    #     sub-delims  = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+    #                   / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+    #     unreserved  = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+    # Of the unreserved characters, urllib.quote already considers all but
+    # the ~ safe.
+    # The % character is also added to the list of safe characters here, as the
+    # end of section 3.1 of RFC 3987 specifically mentions that % must not be
+    # converted.
+    if iri is None:
+        return iri
+    return quote(force_bytes(iri), safe=b"/#%[]=:;$&()+,!?*@'~")
+
+def filepath_to_uri(path):
+    """Convert a file system path to a URI portion that is suitable for
+    inclusion in a URL.
+
+    We are assuming input is either UTF-8 or unicode already.
+
+    This method will encode certain chars that would normally be recognized as
+    special chars for URIs.  Note that this method does not encode the '
+    character, as it is a valid character within URIs.  See
+    encodeURIComponent() JavaScript function for more details.
+
+    Returns an ASCII string containing the encoded result.
+    """
+    if path is None:
+        return path
+    # I know about `os.sep` and `os.altsep` but I want to leave
+    # some flexibility for hardcoding separators.
+    return quote(force_bytes(path).replace(b"\\", b"/"), safe=b"/~!*()'")
+
+def get_system_encoding():
+    """
+    The encoding of the default system locale but falls back to the given
+    fallback encoding if the encoding is unsupported by python or could
+    not be determined.  See tickets #10335 and #5846
+    """
+    try:
+        encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'ascii'
+        codecs.lookup(encoding)
+    except Exception:
+        encoding = 'ascii'
+    return encoding
+
+DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING = get_system_encoding()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..465cb50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""
+From gevent/hub.py
+"""
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = str,
+    integer_types = int,
+else:
+    string_types = basestring,
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+
+
+if sys.version_info[0] <= 2:
+    import thread
+else:
+    import _thread as thread
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/ipython_py3compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/ipython_py3compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9fbb2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/ipython_py3compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""Compatibility tricks for Python 3. Mainly to do with unicode."""
+import __builtin__
+import functools
+import sys
+import re
+import types
+
+from .encoding import DEFAULT_ENCODING
+
+orig_open = open
+
+def no_code(x, encoding=None):
+    return x
+
+def decode(s, encoding=None):
+    encoding = encoding or DEFAULT_ENCODING
+    return s.decode(encoding, "replace")
+
+def encode(u, encoding=None):
+    encoding = encoding or DEFAULT_ENCODING
+    return u.encode(encoding, "replace")
+
+
+def cast_unicode(s, encoding=None):
+    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        return decode(s, encoding)
+    return s
+
+def cast_bytes(s, encoding=None):
+    if not isinstance(s, bytes):
+        return encode(s, encoding)
+    return s
+
+def _modify_str_or_docstring(str_change_func):
+    @functools.wraps(str_change_func)
+    def wrapper(func_or_str):
+        if isinstance(func_or_str, basestring):
+            func = None
+            doc = func_or_str
+        else:
+            func = func_or_str
+            doc = func.__doc__
+
+        doc = str_change_func(doc)
+
+        if func:
+            func.__doc__ = doc
+            return func
+        return doc
+    return wrapper
+
+if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+    PY3 = True
+
+    input = input
+    builtin_mod_name = "builtins"
+
+    str_to_unicode = no_code
+    unicode_to_str = no_code
+    str_to_bytes = encode
+    bytes_to_str = decode
+    cast_bytes_py2 = no_code
+
+    def isidentifier(s, dotted=False):
+        if dotted:
+            return all(isidentifier(a) for a in s.split("."))
+        return s.isidentifier()
+
+    open = orig_open
+
+    MethodType = types.MethodType
+
+    def execfile(fname, glob, loc=None):
+        loc = loc if (loc is not None) else glob
+        exec compile(open(fname, 'rb').read(), fname, 'exec') in glob, loc
+
+    # Refactor print statements in doctests.
+    _print_statement_re = re.compile(r"\bprint (?P<expr>.*)$", re.MULTILINE)
+    def _print_statement_sub(match):
+        expr = match.groups('expr')
+        return "print(%s)" % expr
+
+    @_modify_str_or_docstring
+    def doctest_refactor_print(doc):
+        """Refactor 'print x' statements in a doctest to print(x) style. 2to3
+        unfortunately doesn't pick up on our doctests.
+
+        Can accept a string or a function, so it can be used as a decorator."""
+        return _print_statement_re.sub(_print_statement_sub, doc)
+
+    # Abstract u'abc' syntax:
+    @_modify_str_or_docstring
+    def u_format(s):
+        """"{u}'abc'" --> "'abc'" (Python 3)
+
+        Accepts a string or a function, so it can be used as a decorator."""
+        return s.format(u='')
+
+else:
+    PY3 = False
+
+    input = raw_input
+    builtin_mod_name = "__builtin__"
+
+    str_to_unicode = decode
+    unicode_to_str = encode
+    str_to_bytes = no_code
+    bytes_to_str = no_code
+    cast_bytes_py2 = cast_bytes
+
+    import re
+    _name_re = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$")
+    def isidentifier(s, dotted=False):
+        if dotted:
+            return all(isidentifier(a) for a in s.split("."))
+        return bool(_name_re.match(s))
+
+    class open(object):
+        """Wrapper providing key part of Python 3 open() interface."""
+        def __init__(self, fname, mode="r", encoding="utf-8"):
+            self.f = orig_open(fname, mode)
+            self.enc = encoding
+
+        def write(self, s):
+            return self.f.write(s.encode(self.enc))
+
+        def read(self, size=-1):
+            return self.f.read(size).decode(self.enc)
+
+        def close(self):
+            return self.f.close()
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
+            self.f.close()
+
+    def MethodType(func, instance):
+        return types.MethodType(func, instance, type(instance))
+
+    # don't override system execfile on 2.x:
+    execfile = execfile
+
+    def doctest_refactor_print(func_or_str):
+        return func_or_str
+
+
+    # Abstract u'abc' syntax:
+    @_modify_str_or_docstring
+    def u_format(s):
+        """"{u}'abc'" --> "u'abc'" (Python 2)
+
+        Accepts a string or a function, so it can be used as a decorator."""
+        return s.format(u='u')
+
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        def execfile(fname, glob=None, loc=None):
+            loc = loc if (loc is not None) else glob
+            # The rstrip() is necessary b/c trailing whitespace in files will
+            # cause an IndentationError in Python 2.6 (this was fixed in 2.7,
+            # but we still support 2.6).  See issue 1027.
+            scripttext = __builtin__.open(fname).read().rstrip() + '\n'
+            # compile converts unicode filename to str assuming
+            # ascii. Let's do the conversion before calling compile
+            if isinstance(fname, unicode):
+                filename = unicode_to_str(fname)
+            else:
+                filename = fname
+            exec compile(scripttext, filename, 'exec') in glob, loc
+    else:
+        def execfile(fname, *where):
+            if isinstance(fname, unicode):
+                filename = fname.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
+            else:
+                filename = fname
+            __builtin__.execfile(filename, *where)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1326cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    jinja2._compat
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Some py2/py3 compatibility support based on a stripped down
+    version of six so we don't have to depend on a specific version
+    of it.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2013 by the Jinja team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+"""
+import sys
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PYPY = hasattr(sys, 'pypy_translation_info')
+_identity = lambda x: x
+
+
+if not PY2:
+    unichr = chr
+    range_type = range
+    text_type = str
+    string_types = (str,)
+
+    iterkeys = lambda d: iter(d.keys())
+    itervalues = lambda d: iter(d.values())
+    iteritems = lambda d: iter(d.items())
+
+    import pickle
+    from io import BytesIO, StringIO
+    NativeStringIO = StringIO
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+            raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+        raise value
+
+    ifilter = filter
+    imap = map
+    izip = zip
+    intern = sys.intern
+
+    implements_iterator = _identity
+    implements_to_string = _identity
+    encode_filename = _identity
+    get_next = lambda x: x.__next__
+
+else:
+    unichr = unichr
+    text_type = unicode
+    range_type = xrange
+    string_types = (str, unicode)
+
+    iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys()
+    itervalues = lambda d: d.itervalues()
+    iteritems = lambda d: d.iteritems()
+
+    import cPickle as pickle
+    from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO, StringIO
+    NativeStringIO = BytesIO
+
+    exec('def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):\n raise tp, value, tb')
+
+    from itertools import imap, izip, ifilter
+    intern = intern
+
+    def implements_iterator(cls):
+        cls.next = cls.__next__
+        del cls.__next__
+        return cls
+
+    def implements_to_string(cls):
+        cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__
+        cls.__str__ = lambda x: x.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
+        return cls
+
+    get_next = lambda x: x.next
+
+    def encode_filename(filename):
+        if isinstance(filename, unicode):
+            return filename.encode('utf-8')
+        return filename
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
+    # dummy metaclass for one level of class instanciation that replaces
+    # itself with the actual metaclass.  Because of internal type checks
+    # we also need to make sure that we downgrade the custom metaclass
+    # for one level to something closer to type (that's why __call__ and
+    # __init__ comes back from type etc.).
+    #
+    # This has the advantage over six.with_metaclass in that it does not
+    # introduce dummy classes into the final MRO.
+    class metaclass(meta):
+        __call__ = type.__call__
+        __init__ = type.__init__
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if this_bases is None:
+                return type.__new__(cls, name, (), d)
+            return meta(name, bases, d)
+    return metaclass('temporary_class', None, {})
+
+
+try:
+    from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes as url_quote
+except ImportError:
+    from urllib import quote as url_quote
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a03929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""
+Python 3 compatibility tools.
+
+"""
+
+__all__ = ['bytes', 'asbytes', 'isfileobj', 'getexception', 'strchar',
+           'unicode', 'asunicode', 'asbytes_nested', 'asunicode_nested',
+           'asstr', 'open_latin1']
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+    import io
+    bytes = bytes
+    unicode = str
+
+    def asunicode(s):
+        if isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s.decode('latin1')
+        return str(s)
+
+    def asbytes(s):
+        if isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s
+        return str(s).encode('latin1')
+
+    def asstr(s):
+        if isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s.decode('latin1')
+        return str(s)
+
+    def isfileobj(f):
+        return isinstance(f, (io.FileIO, io.BufferedReader))
+
+    def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'):
+        return open(filename, mode=mode, encoding='iso-8859-1')
+
+    strchar = 'U'
+
+else:
+    bytes = str
+    unicode = unicode
+    asbytes = str
+    asstr = str
+    strchar = 'S'
+
+    def isfileobj(f):
+        return isinstance(f, file)
+
+    def asunicode(s):
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            return s
+        return str(s).decode('ascii')
+
+    def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'):
+        return open(filename, mode=mode)
+
+def getexception():
+    return sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+def asbytes_nested(x):
+    if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)):
+        return [asbytes_nested(y) for y in x]
+    else:
+        return asbytes(x)
+
+def asunicode_nested(x):
+    if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)):
+        return [asunicode_nested(y) for y in x]
+    else:
+        return asunicode(x)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a8eb5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+"""
+compat
+======
+
+Cross-compatible functions for Python 2 and 3.
+
+Key items to import for 2/3 compatible code:
+* iterators: range(), map(), zip(), filter(), reduce()
+* lists: lrange(), lmap(), lzip(), lfilter()
+* unicode: u() [u"" is a syntax error in Python 3.0-3.2]
+* longs: long (int in Python 3)
+* callable
+* iterable method compatibility: iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
+  * Uses the original method if available, otherwise uses items, keys, values.
+* types:
+    * text_type: unicode in Python 2, str in Python 3
+    * binary_type: str in Python 2, bytes in Python 3
+    * string_types: basestring in Python 2, str in Python 3
+* bind_method: binds functions to classes
+
+Python 2.6 compatibility:
+* OrderedDict
+* Counter
+
+Other items:
+* OrderedDefaultDict
+"""
+# pylint disable=W0611
+import functools
+import itertools
+from distutils.version import LooseVersion
+from itertools import product
+import sys
+import types
+
+PY3 = (sys.version_info[0] >= 3)
+# import iterator versions of these functions
+
+try:
+    import __builtin__ as builtins
+    # not writeable when instantiated with string, doesn't handle unicode well
+    from cStringIO import StringIO as cStringIO
+    # always writeable
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+    BytesIO = StringIO
+    import cPickle
+except ImportError:
+    import builtins
+    from io import StringIO, BytesIO
+    cStringIO = StringIO
+    import pickle as cPickle
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def isidentifier(s):
+        return s.isidentifier()
+
+    def str_to_bytes(s, encoding='ascii'):
+        return s.encode(encoding)
+
+    def bytes_to_str(b, encoding='utf-8'):
+        return b.decode(encoding)
+
+    # have to explicitly put builtins into the namespace
+    range = range
+    map = map
+    zip = zip
+    filter = filter
+    reduce = functools.reduce
+    long = int
+    unichr = chr
+
+    # list-producing versions of the major Python iterating functions
+    def lrange(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(range(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def lzip(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(zip(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def lmap(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(map(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def lfilter(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(filter(*args, **kwargs))
+else:
+    # Python 2
+    import re
+    _name_re = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$")
+
+    def isidentifier(s, dotted=False):
+        return bool(_name_re.match(s))
+
+    def str_to_bytes(s, encoding='ascii'):
+        return s
+
+    def bytes_to_str(b, encoding='ascii'):
+        return b
+
+    range = xrange
+    zip = itertools.izip
+    filter = itertools.ifilter
+    map = itertools.imap
+    reduce = reduce
+    long = long
+    unichr = unichr
+
+    # Python 2-builtin ranges produce lists
+    lrange = builtins.range
+    lzip = builtins.zip
+    lmap = builtins.map
+    lfilter = builtins.filter
+
+
+def iteritems(obj, **kwargs):
+    """replacement for six's iteritems for Python2/3 compat
+       uses 'iteritems' if available and otherwise uses 'items'.
+
+       Passes kwargs to method."""
+    func = getattr(obj, "iteritems", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.items
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def iterkeys(obj, **kwargs):
+    func = getattr(obj, "iterkeys", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.keys
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def itervalues(obj, **kwargs):
+    func = getattr(obj, "itervalues", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.values
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def bind_method(cls, name, func):
+    """Bind a method to class, python 2 and python 3 compatible.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+
+    cls : type
+        class to receive bound method
+    name : basestring
+        name of method on class instance
+    func : function
+        function to be bound as method
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+    """
+    # only python 2 has bound/unbound method issue
+    if not PY3:
+        setattr(cls, name, types.MethodType(func, None, cls))
+    else:
+        setattr(cls, name, func)
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# functions largely based / taken from the six module
+
+# Much of the code in this module comes from Benjamin Peterson's six library.
+# The license for this library can be found in LICENSES/SIX and the code can be
+# found at https://bitbucket.org/gutworth/six
+
+if PY3:
+    string_types = str,
+    integer_types = int,
+    class_types = type,
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+    def u(s):
+        return s
+else:
+    string_types = basestring,
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+    def u(s):
+        return unicode(s, "unicode_escape")
+
+
+string_and_binary_types = string_types + (binary_type,)
+
+
+try:
+    # callable reintroduced in later versions of Python
+    callable = callable
+except NameError:
+    def callable(obj):
+        return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Python 2.6 compatibility shims
+#
+
+# OrderedDict Shim from  Raymond Hettinger, python core dev
+# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576693-ordered-dictionary-for-py24/
+# here to support versions before 2.6
+if not PY3:
+    # don't need this except in 2.6
+    try:
+        from thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_thread import get_ident as _get_ident
+
+try:
+    from _abcoll import KeysView, ValuesView, ItemsView
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+class _OrderedDict(dict):
+
+    'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
+    # An inherited dict maps keys to values.
+    # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
+    # The remaining methods are order-aware.
+    # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as for regular
+    # dictionaries.
+
+    # The internal self.__map dictionary maps keys to links in a doubly linked
+    # list.  The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel
+    # element.  The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the
+    # algorithm).  Each link is stored as a list of length three:  [PREV, NEXT,
+    # KEY].
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        '''Initialize an ordered dictionary.  Signature is the same as for
+        regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended
+        because their insertion order is arbitrary.
+
+        '''
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
+        try:
+            self.__root
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__root = root = []                     # sentinel node
+            root[:] = [root, root, None]
+            self.__map = {}
+        self.__update(*args, **kwds)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value, dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__):
+        'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
+        # Setting a new item creates a new link which goes at the end of the
+        # linked list, and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new
+        # key/value pair.
+        if key not in self:
+            root = self.__root
+            last = root[0]
+            last[1] = root[0] = self.__map[key] = [last, root, key]
+        dict_setitem(self, key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
+        'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
+        # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which is
+        # then removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor
+        # nodes.
+        dict_delitem(self, key)
+        link_prev, link_next, key = self.__map.pop(key)
+        link_prev[1] = link_next
+        link_next[0] = link_prev
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
+        root = self.__root
+        curr = root[1]
+        while curr is not root:
+            yield curr[2]
+            curr = curr[1]
+
+    def __reversed__(self):
+        'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
+        root = self.__root
+        curr = root[0]
+        while curr is not root:
+            yield curr[2]
+            curr = curr[0]
+
+    def clear(self):
+        'od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.'
+        try:
+            for node in itervalues(self.__map):
+                del node[:]
+            root = self.__root
+            root[:] = [root, root, None]
+            self.__map.clear()
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        dict.clear(self)
+
+    def popitem(self, last=True):
+        '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
+        Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if
+        false.
+        '''
+        if not self:
+            raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
+        root = self.__root
+        if last:
+            link = root[0]
+            link_prev = link[0]
+            link_prev[1] = root
+            root[0] = link_prev
+        else:
+            link = root[1]
+            link_next = link[1]
+            root[1] = link_next
+            link_next[0] = root
+        key = link[2]
+        del self.__map[key]
+        value = dict.pop(self, key)
+        return key, value
+
+    # -- the following methods do not depend on the internal structure --
+
+    def keys(self):
+        'od.keys() -> list of keys in od'
+        return list(self)
+
+    def values(self):
+        'od.values() -> list of values in od'
+        return [self[key] for key in self]
+
+    def items(self):
+        'od.items() -> list of (key, value) pairs in od'
+        return [(key, self[key]) for key in self]
+
+    def iterkeys(self):
+        'od.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys in od'
+        return iter(self)
+
+    def itervalues(self):
+        'od.itervalues -> an iterator over the values in od'
+        for k in self:
+            yield self[k]
+
+    def iteritems(self):
+        'od.iteritems -> an iterator over the (key, value) items in od'
+        for k in self:
+            yield (k, self[k])
+
+    def update(*args, **kwds):
+        '''od.update(E, **F) -> None.  Update od from dict/iterable E and F.
+
+        If E is a dict instance, does:        for k in E: od[k] = E[k]
+        If E has a .keys() method, does:      for k in E.keys(): od[k] = E[k]
+        Or if E is an iterable of items, does:for k, v in E: od[k] = v
+        In either case, this is followed by:  for k, v in F.items(): od[k] = v
+        '''
+        if len(args) > 2:
+            raise TypeError('update() takes at most 2 positional '
+                            'arguments (%d given)' % (len(args),))
+        elif not args:
+            raise TypeError('update() takes at least 1 argument (0 given)')
+        self = args[0]
+        # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other"
+        other = ()
+        if len(args) == 2:
+            other = args[1]
+        if isinstance(other, dict):
+            for key in other:
+                self[key] = other[key]
+        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+            for key in other.keys():
+                self[key] = other[key]
+        else:
+            for key, value in other:
+                self[key] = value
+        for key, value in kwds.items():
+            self[key] = value
+    # let subclasses override update without breaking __init__
+    __update = update
+
+    __marker = object()
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+        '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the\
+        corresponding value.  If key is not found, d is returned if given,
+        otherwise KeyError is raised.
+        '''
+        if key in self:
+            result = self[key]
+            del self[key]
+            return result
+        if default is self.__marker:
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        return default
+
+    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
+        'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
+        if key in self:
+            return self[key]
+        self[key] = default
+        return default
+
+    def __repr__(self, _repr_running={}):
+        'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
+        call_key = id(self), _get_ident()
+        if call_key in _repr_running:
+            return '...'
+        _repr_running[call_key] = 1
+        try:
+            if not self:
+                return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
+            return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, list(self.items()))
+        finally:
+            del _repr_running[call_key]
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        'Return state information for pickling'
+        items = [[k, self[k]] for k in self]
+        inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
+        for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
+            inst_dict.pop(k, None)
+        if inst_dict:
+            return (self.__class__, (items,), inst_dict)
+        return self.__class__, (items,)
+
+    def copy(self):
+        'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
+        return self.__class__(self)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
+        '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S and
+        values equal to v (which defaults to None).
+        '''
+        d = cls()
+        for key in iterable:
+            d[key] = value
+        return d
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y.  Comparison to another OD is
+        order-sensitive while comparison to a regular mapping is
+        order-insensitive.
+        '''
+        if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
+            return (len(self) == len(other) and
+                    list(self.items()) == list(other.items()))
+        return dict.__eq__(self, other)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    # -- the following methods are only used in Python 2.7 --
+
+    def viewkeys(self):
+        "od.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's keys"
+        return KeysView(self)
+
+    def viewvalues(self):
+        "od.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on od's values"
+        return ValuesView(self)
+
+    def viewitems(self):
+        "od.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on od's items"
+        return ItemsView(self)
+
+
+# {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576611/ (r11)
+
+try:
+    from operator import itemgetter
+    from heapq import nlargest
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+class _Counter(dict):
+
+    '''Dict subclass for counting hashable objects.  Sometimes called a bag
+    or multiset.  Elements are stored as dictionary keys and their counts
+    are stored as dictionary values.
+
+    >>> Counter('zyzygy')
+    Counter({'y': 3, 'z': 2, 'g': 1})
+
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, iterable=None, **kwds):
+        '''Create a new, empty Counter object.  And if given, count elements
+        from an input iterable.  Or, initialize the count from another mapping
+        of elements to their counts.
+
+        >>> c = Counter()                    # a new, empty counter
+        >>> c = Counter('gallahad')          # a new counter from an iterable
+        >>> c = Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})    # a new counter from a mapping
+        >>> c = Counter(a=4, b=2)            # a new counter from keyword args
+
+        '''
+        self.update(iterable, **kwds)
+
+    def __missing__(self, key):
+        return 0
+
+    def most_common(self, n=None):
+        '''List the n most common elements and their counts from the most
+        common to the least.  If n is None, then list all element counts.
+
+        >>> Counter('abracadabra').most_common(3)
+        [('a', 5), ('r', 2), ('b', 2)]
+
+        '''
+        if n is None:
+            return sorted(iteritems(self), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
+        return nlargest(n, iteritems(self), key=itemgetter(1))
+
+    def elements(self):
+        '''Iterator over elements repeating each as many times as its count.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('ABCABC')
+        >>> sorted(c.elements())
+        ['A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C']
+
+        If an element's count has been set to zero or is a negative number,
+        elements() will ignore it.
+
+        '''
+        for elem, count in iteritems(self):
+            for _ in range(count):
+                yield elem
+
+    # Override dict methods where the meaning changes for Counter objects.
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, v=None):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            'Counter.fromkeys() is undefined.  Use Counter(iterable) instead.')
+
+    def update(self, iterable=None, **kwds):
+        '''Like dict.update() but add counts instead of replacing them.
+
+        Source can be an iterable, a dictionary, or another Counter instance.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('which')
+        >>> c.update('witch')           # add elements from another iterable
+        >>> d = Counter('watch')
+        >>> c.update(d)                 # add elements from another counter
+        >>> c['h']                      # four 'h' in which, witch, and watch
+        4
+
+        '''
+        if iterable is not None:
+            if hasattr(iterable, 'iteritems'):
+                if self:
+                    self_get = self.get
+                    for elem, count in iteritems(iterable):
+                        self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) + count
+                else:
+                    dict.update(
+                        self, iterable)  # fast path when counter is empty
+            else:
+                self_get = self.get
+                for elem in iterable:
+                    self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) + 1
+        if kwds:
+            self.update(kwds)
+
+    def copy(self):
+        'Like dict.copy() but returns a Counter instance instead of a dict.'
+        return Counter(self)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, elem):
+        '''Like dict.__delitem__() but does not raise KeyError for missing
+        values.'''
+        if elem in self:
+            dict.__delitem__(self, elem)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if not self:
+            return '%s()' % self.__class__.__name__
+        items = ', '.join(map('%r: %r'.__mod__, self.most_common()))
+        return '%s({%s})' % (self.__class__.__name__, items)
+
+    # Multiset-style mathematical operations discussed in:
+    #       Knuth TAOCP Volume II section 4.6.3 exercise 19
+    #       and at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset
+    #
+    # Outputs guaranteed to only include positive counts.
+    #
+    # To strip negative and zero counts, add-in an empty counter:
+    #       c += Counter()
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        '''Add counts from two counters.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbb') + Counter('bcc')
+        Counter({'b': 4, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        result = Counter()
+        for elem in set(self) | set(other):
+            newcount = self[elem] + other[elem]
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        return result
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        ''' Subtract count, but keep only results with positive counts.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbbc') - Counter('bccd')
+        Counter({'b': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        result = Counter()
+        for elem in set(self) | set(other):
+            newcount = self[elem] - other[elem]
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        return result
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        '''Union is the maximum of value in either of the input counters.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbb') | Counter('bcc')
+        Counter({'b': 3, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        _max = max
+        result = Counter()
+        for elem in set(self) | set(other):
+            newcount = _max(self[elem], other[elem])
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        return result
+
+    def __and__(self, other):
+        ''' Intersection is the minimum of corresponding counts.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbb') & Counter('bcc')
+        Counter({'b': 1})
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        _min = min
+        result = Counter()
+        if len(self) < len(other):
+            self, other = other, self
+        for elem in filter(self.__contains__, other):
+            newcount = _min(self[elem], other[elem])
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        return result
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (2, 7):
+    OrderedDict = _OrderedDict
+    Counter = _Counter
+else:
+    from collections import OrderedDict, Counter
+
+# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4126348
+# Thanks to @martineau at SO
+
+from dateutil import parser as _date_parser
+import dateutil
+if LooseVersion(dateutil.__version__) < '2.0':
+    @functools.wraps(_date_parser.parse)
+    def parse_date(timestr, *args, **kwargs):
+        timestr = bytes(timestr)
+        return _date_parser.parse(timestr, *args, **kwargs)
+else:
+    parse_date = _date_parser.parse
+
+class OrderedDefaultdict(OrderedDict):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        newdefault = None
+        newargs = ()
+        if args:
+            newdefault = args[0]
+            if not (newdefault is None or callable(newdefault)):
+                raise TypeError('first argument must be callable or None')
+            newargs = args[1:]
+        self.default_factory = newdefault
+        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(*newargs, **kwargs)
+
+    def __missing__(self, key):
+        if self.default_factory is None:
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        self[key] = value = self.default_factory()
+        return value
+
+    def __reduce__(self):  # optional, for pickle support
+        args = self.default_factory if self.default_factory else tuple()
+        return type(self), args, None, None, list(self.items())
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pycrypto_py3compat.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pycrypto_py3compat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34e5224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pycrypto_py3compat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+#  Util/py3compat.py : Compatibility code for handling Py3k / Python 2.x
+#
+# Written in 2010 by Thorsten Behrens
+#
+# ===================================================================
+# The contents of this file are dedicated to the public domain.  To
+# the extent that dedication to the public domain is not available,
+# everyone is granted a worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free,
+# non-exclusive license to exercise all rights associated with the
+# contents of this file for any purpose whatsoever.
+# No rights are reserved.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+# SOFTWARE.
+# ===================================================================
+
+"""Compatibility code for handling string/bytes changes from Python 2.x to Py3k
+
+In Python 2.x, strings (of type ''str'') contain binary data, including encoded
+Unicode text (e.g. UTF-8).  The separate type ''unicode'' holds Unicode text.
+Unicode literals are specified via the u'...' prefix.  Indexing or slicing
+either type always produces a string of the same type as the original.
+Data read from a file is always of '''str'' type.
+
+In Python 3.x, strings (type ''str'') may only contain Unicode text. The u'...'
+prefix and the ''unicode'' type are now redundant.  A new type (called
+''bytes'') has to be used for binary data (including any particular
+''encoding'' of a string).  The b'...' prefix allows one to specify a binary
+literal.  Indexing or slicing a string produces another string.  Slicing a byte
+string produces another byte string, but the indexing operation produces an
+integer.  Data read from a file is of '''str'' type if the file was opened in
+text mode, or of ''bytes'' type otherwise.
+
+Since PyCrypto aims at supporting both Python 2.x and 3.x, the following helper
+functions are used to keep the rest of the library as independent as possible
+from the actual Python version.
+
+In general, the code should always deal with binary strings, and use integers
+instead of 1-byte character strings.
+
+b(s)
+    Take a text string literal (with no prefix or with u'...' prefix) and
+    make a byte string.
+bchr(c)
+    Take an integer and make a 1-character byte string.
+bord(c)
+    Take the result of indexing on a byte string and make an integer.
+tobytes(s)
+    Take a text string, a byte string, or a sequence of character taken from
+    a byte string and make a byte string.
+"""
+
+__revision__ = "$Id$"
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
+    def b(s):
+        return s
+    def bchr(s):
+        return chr(s)
+    def bstr(s):
+        return str(s)
+    def bord(s):
+        return ord(s)
+    if sys.version_info[1] == 1:
+        def tobytes(s):
+            try:
+                return s.encode('latin-1')
+            except:
+                return ''.join(s)
+    else:
+        def tobytes(s):
+            if isinstance(s, unicode):
+                return s.encode("latin-1")
+            else:
+                return ''.join(s)
+else:
+    def b(s):
+       return s.encode("latin-1") # utf-8 would cause some side-effects we don't want
+    def bchr(s):
+        return bytes([s])
+    def bstr(s):
+        if isinstance(s,str):
+            return bytes(s,"latin-1")
+        else:
+            return bytes(s)
+    def bord(s):
+        return s
+    def tobytes(s):
+        if isinstance(s,bytes):
+            return s
+        else:
+            if isinstance(s,str):
+                return s.encode("latin-1")
+            else:
+                return bytes(s)
+
+# vim:set ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 expandtab:
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab8807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+"""
+Python 3 compatibility tools.
+
+"""
+
+__all__ = ['bytes', 'asbytes', 'isfileobj', 'getexception', 'strchar',
+           'unicode', 'asunicode', 'asbytes_nested', 'asunicode_nested',
+           'asstr', 'open_latin1']
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+    import io
+    bytes = bytes
+    unicode = str
+    asunicode = str
+    def asbytes(s):
+        if isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s
+        return s.encode('latin1')
+    def asstr(s):
+        if isinstance(s, str):
+            return s
+        return s.decode('latin1')
+    def asstr2(s):  #added JP, not in numpy version
+        if isinstance(s, str):
+            return s
+        elif isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s.decode('latin1')
+        else:
+            return str(s)
+    def isfileobj(f):
+        return isinstance(f, io.FileIO)
+    def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'):
+        return open(filename, mode=mode, encoding='iso-8859-1')
+    strchar = 'U'
+    from io import BytesIO, StringIO  #statsmodels
+else:
+    bytes = str
+    unicode = unicode
+    asbytes = str
+    asstr = str
+    asstr2 = str
+    strchar = 'S'
+    def isfileobj(f):
+        return isinstance(f, file)
+    def asunicode(s):
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            return s
+        return s.decode('ascii')
+    def open_latin1(filename, mode='r'):
+        return open(filename, mode=mode)
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+    BytesIO = StringIO
+
+def getexception():
+    return sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+def asbytes_nested(x):
+    if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)):
+        return [asbytes_nested(y) for y in x]
+    else:
+        return asbytes(x)
+
+def asunicode_nested(x):
+    if hasattr(x, '__iter__') and not isinstance(x, (bytes, unicode)):
+        return [asunicode_nested(y) for y in x]
+    else:
+        return asunicode(x)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/Makefile b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3607cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    =
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+PAPER         =
+BUILDDIR      = build
+
+# Internal variables.
+PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
+PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
+ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
+I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) source
+
+.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext
+
+help:
+	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
+	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
+	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
+	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
+	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
+	@echo "  json       to make JSON files"
+	@echo "  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
+	@echo "  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
+	@echo "  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
+	@echo "  epub       to make an epub"
+	@echo "  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
+	@echo "  latexpdf   to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
+	@echo "  text       to make text files"
+	@echo "  man        to make manual pages"
+	@echo "  texinfo    to make Texinfo files"
+	@echo "  info       to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
+	@echo "  gettext    to make PO message catalogs"
+	@echo "  changes    to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
+	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
+	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+
+clean:
+	-rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
+
+html:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
+
+dirhtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
+
+singlehtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
+
+pickle:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
+
+json:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
+
+htmlhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
+	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
+
+qthelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
+	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
+	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/Python-Future.qhcp"
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/Python-Future.qhc"
+
+devhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished."
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/Python-Future"
+	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/Python-Future"
+	@echo "# devhelp"
+
+epub:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
+
+latex:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
+	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
+
+latexpdf:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+text:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
+
+man:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
+
+texinfo:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
+	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
+
+info:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
+	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
+	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+
+gettext:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
+
+changes:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
+	@echo
+	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
+
+linkcheck:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
+	@echo
+	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
+	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
+
+doctest:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
+	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-32.ico b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-icon-32.ico
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diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.png b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1f92a5
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diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.tiff b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_static/python-future-logo.tiff
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diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/layout.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/layout.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c979ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/layout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{# Import the theme's layout. #}
+{% extends "!layout.html" %}
+
+{% block extrahead %}
+{{ super() }}
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  var _gaq = _gaq || [];
+  _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-19344199-2']);
+  _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);
+</script>
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block footer %}
+{{ super() }}
+<div class="footer">
+<script type="text/javascript">
+  (function() {
+    var ga = document.createElement('script');
+    ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ?
+              'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+    ga.setAttribute('async', 'true');
+    document.documentElement.firstChild.appendChild(ga);
+  })();
+</script>
+</div>
+{% endblock %}
+
+
+{# Import the theme's layout. #}
+
+
+{# Include our new CSS file into existing ones. #}
+{% set css_files = css_files + ['_static/my-styles.css'] %}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/navbar.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/navbar.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b77fb76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/navbar.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<a href="https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future"><img style="position: absolute; top: 45px; right: 0; border: 0;" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/github/ribbons/forkme_right_orange_ff7600.png" alt="Fork me on GitHub"></a>
+<div id="navbar" class="{{ theme_navbar_class }} navbar-default {% if theme_navbar_fixed_top == 'true' -%} navbar-fixed-top{%- endif -%}">
+
+    <div class="container">
+
+      <div class="navbar-header">
+
+        <!-- .btn-navbar is used as the toggle for collapsed navbar content -->
+        <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
+          <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+          <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+          <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+        </button>
+
+        <a class="logo"> <img height="32" width="32" src="_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png" /></a>
+        <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">{% if theme_navbar_title -%}{{ theme_navbar_title|e }}{%- else -%}{{ project|e }}{%- endif -%}</a>
+        <span class="navbar-text navbar-version pull-left"><b>{{ version|e }}</b></span>
+      </div>
+        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse nav-collapse">
+          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
+            <li class="divider-vertical"></li>
+            {% if theme_navbar_links %}
+              {%- for link in theme_navbar_links %}
+                <li><a href="{{ pathto(*link[1:]) }}">{{ link[0] }}</a></li>
+              {%- endfor %}
+            {% endif %}
+            {% block navbartoc %}
+              {% include "globaltoc.html" %}
+              {% if theme_navbar_pagenav %}
+                {% include "navbartoc.html" %}
+              {% endif %}
+            {% endblock %}
+            {% if theme_navbar_sidebarrel %}
+              {% block sidebarrel %}
+                {% include "relations.html" %}
+              {% endblock %}
+            {% endif %}
+            {% block navbarextra %}
+            {% endblock %}
+            {% if theme_source_link_position == "nav" %}
+
+              <li>{%- if show_source and has_source and sourcename %}
+                <a href="{{ pathto('_sources/' + sourcename, true)|e }}"
+                   rel="nofollow">{{ _('Source') }}</a>
+                {%- endif %}
+              </li>
+
+            {% endif %}
+          </ul>
+
+          {% block navbarsearch %}
+            {% include "navbarsearchbox.html" %}
+          {% endblock %}
+
+        </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e443322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!--<h3>Python-Future</h3>
+<p>-->
+  <h4>Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibility</h4>
+  <a href="http://python-future.org">Table of Contents</a>
+<!--
+</p>
+<h3>Other Formats</h3>
+<p>
+  You can download the documentation in other formats as well:
+</p>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/jinja-docs.pdf">as PDF</a>
+  <li><a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org/docs/jinja-docs.zip">as zipped HTML</a>
+</ul>
+-->
+<!--<h3>Useful Links</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/future/">on PyPI</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future">on GitHub</a></li>
+</ul>
+-->
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf875c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<p class="logo"><a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
+  <img class="logo" src="{{ pathto('_static/python-future-logo.png', 1) }}" width="150" alt="Logo"/>
+</a></p>
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d119af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{{ toctree(maxdepth=theme_globaltoc_depth|toint, collapse=True, includehidden=theme_globaltoc_includehidden|tobool) }}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/LICENSE b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8daab7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Copyright (c) 2010 by Armin Ronacher.
+
+Some rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of the theme, with or
+without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+  copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+  disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+  with the distribution.
+
+* The names of the contributors may not be used to endorse or
+  promote products derived from this software without specific
+  prior written permission.
+
+We kindly ask you to only use these themes in an unmodified manner just
+for Flask and Flask-related products, not for unrelated projects.  If you
+like the visual style and want to use it for your own projects, please
+consider making some larger changes to the themes (such as changing
+font faces, sizes, colors or margins).
+
+THIS THEME IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS THEME, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/README b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3292bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/README
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Flask Sphinx Styles
+===================
+
+This repository contains sphinx styles for Flask and Flask related
+projects.  To use this style in your Sphinx documentation, follow
+this guide:
+
+1. put this folder as _themes into your docs folder.  Alternatively
+   you can also use git submodules to check out the contents there.
+2. add this to your conf.py:
+
+   sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('_themes'))
+   html_theme_path = ['_themes']
+   html_theme = 'flask'
+
+The following themes exist:
+
+- 'flask' - the standard flask documentation theme for large
+  projects
+- 'flask_small' - small one-page theme.  Intended to be used by
+  very small addon libraries for flask.
+
+The following options exist for the flask_small theme:
+
+   [options]
+   index_logo = ''              filename of a picture in _static
+                                to be used as replacement for the
+                                h1 in the index.rst file.
+   index_logo_height = 120px    height of the index logo
+   github_fork = ''             repository name on github for the
+                                "fork me" badge
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/layout.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/layout.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5b16d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/layout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{%- extends "basic/layout.html" %}
+{%- block relbar2 %}{% endblock %}
+{%- block footer %}
+    <div class="footer">
+      &copy; Copyright {{ copyright }}.
+      Docs created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a>.
+    </div>
+{%- endblock %}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/relations.html b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/relations.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bbcde8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/relations.html
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+  {%- for parent in parents %}
+  <li><a href="{{ parent.link|e }}">{{ parent.title }}</a><ul>
+  {%- endfor %}
+    {%- if prev %}
+      <li>Previous: <a href="{{ prev.link|e }}" title="{{ _('previous chapter')
+        }}">{{ prev.title }}</a></li>
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- if next %}
+      <li>Next: <a href="{{ next.link|e }}" title="{{ _('next chapter')
+        }}">{{ next.title }}</a></li>
+    {%- endif %}
+  {%- for parent in parents %}
+  </ul></li>
+  {%- endfor %}
+  </ul></li>
+</ul>
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..593da46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+/*
+ * future.css_t
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Based on jinja.css_t.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2011 by Armin Ronacher.
+ * :license: Flask Design License, see LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+@import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oxygen);
+
+{% set page_width = '940px' %}
+{% set sidebar_width = '220px' %}
+{% set font_family = 'Geneva, sans serif' %}
+{% set header_font_family = 'Oxygen, ' ~ font_family %}
+
+@import url("basic.css");
+
+/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+body {
+    font-family: {{ font_family }};
+    font-size: 17px;
+    background-color: white;
+    color: #000;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+div.document {
+    width: {{ page_width }};
+    margin: 30px auto 0 auto;
+}
+
+div.documentwrapper {
+    float: left;
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.bodywrapper {
+    margin: 0 0 0 {{ sidebar_width }};
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar {
+    width: {{ sidebar_width }};
+}
+
+hr {
+    border: 1px solid #B1B4B6;
+}
+
+div.body {
+    background-color: #ffffff;
+    color: #3E4349;
+    padding: 0 30px 0 30px;
+}
+
+img.floatingflask {
+    padding: 0 0 10px 10px;
+    float: right;
+}
+
+div.footer {
+    width: {{ page_width }};
+    margin: 20px auto 30px auto;
+    font-size: 14px;
+    color: #888;
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+div.footer a {
+    color: #888;
+}
+
+div.related {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar a {
+    color: #444;
+    text-decoration: none;
+    border-bottom: 1px dotted #999;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar a:hover {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #999;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar {
+    font-size: 15px;
+    line-height: 1.5;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
+    padding: 18px 10px;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebarwrapper p.logo {
+    padding: 0 0 20px 0;
+    margin: 0;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar h3,
+div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
+    font-family: {{ font_family }};
+    color: #444;
+    font-size: 24px;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    margin: 0 0 5px 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
+    font-size: 20px;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {
+    color: #444;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar p.logo a,
+div.sphinxsidebar h3 a,
+div.sphinxsidebar p.logo a:hover,
+div.sphinxsidebar h3 a:hover {
+    border: none;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar p {
+    color: #555;
+    margin: 10px 0;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul {
+    margin: 10px 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    color: #000;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar input {
+    border: 1px solid #ccc;
+    font-family: {{ font_family }};
+    font-size: 14px;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar form.search input[name="q"] {
+    width: 130px;
+}
+
+/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+a {
+    color: #aa0000;
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+    color: #dd0000;
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+div.body h1,
+div.body h2,
+div.body h3,
+div.body h4,
+div.body h5,
+div.body h6 {
+    font-family: {{ header_font_family }};
+    font-weight: normal;
+    margin: 30px 0px 10px 0px;
+    padding: 0;
+    color: black;
+}
+
+div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; font-size: 240%; }
+div.body h2 { font-size: 180%; }
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+
+a.headerlink {
+    color: #ddd;
+    padding: 0 4px;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.headerlink:hover {
+    color: #444;
+    background: #eaeaea;
+}
+
+div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {
+    line-height: 1.4em;
+}
+
+div.admonition {
+    background: #fafafa;
+    margin: 20px -30px;
+    padding: 10px 30px;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
+}
+
+div.admonition tt.xref, div.admonition a tt {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fafafa;
+}
+
+dd div.admonition {
+    margin-left: -60px;
+    padding-left: 60px;
+}
+
+div.admonition p.admonition-title {
+    font-family: {{ font_family }};
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size: 24px;
+    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+div.admonition p.last {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+div.highlight {
+    background-color: white;
+}
+
+dt:target, .highlight {
+    background: #FAF3E8;
+}
+
+div.note {
+    background-color: #eee;
+    border: 1px solid #ccc;
+}
+
+div.seealso {
+    background-color: #ffc;
+    border: 1px solid #ff6;
+}
+
+div.topic {
+    background-color: #eee;
+}
+
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+    display: inline;
+}
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+}
+
+pre, tt {
+    font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'Deja Vu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace;
+    font-size: 0.85em;
+}
+
+img.screenshot {
+}
+
+tt.descname, tt.descclassname {
+    font-size: 0.95em;
+}
+
+tt.descname {
+    padding-right: 0.08em;
+}
+
+img.screenshot {
+    -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #eee;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #eee;
+    box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #eee;
+}
+
+table.docutils {
+    border: 1px solid #888;
+    -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #eee;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #eee;
+    box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #eee;
+}
+
+table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
+    border: 1px solid #888;
+    padding: 0.25em 0.7em;
+}
+
+table.field-list, table.footnote {
+    border: none;
+    -moz-box-shadow: none;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
+    box-shadow: none;
+}
+
+table.footnote {
+    margin: 15px 0;
+    width: 100%;
+    border: 1px solid #eee;
+    background: #fdfdfd;
+    font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+
+table.footnote + table.footnote {
+    margin-top: -15px;
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+table.field-list th {
+    padding: 0 0.8em 0 0;
+}
+
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+    padding: 0;
+}
+
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+    width: 0px;
+    padding: 0.3em 0 0.3em 0.5em;
+}
+
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+    padding: 0.3em 0.5em;
+}
+
+dl {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+dl dd {
+    margin-left: 30px;
+}
+
+blockquote {
+    margin: 0 0 0 30px;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+ul, ol {
+    margin: 10px 0 10px 30px;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+pre {
+    background: #eee;
+    padding: 7px 30px;
+    margin: 15px -30px;
+    line-height: 1.3em;
+}
+
+dl pre, blockquote pre, li pre {
+    margin-left: -60px;
+    padding-left: 60px;
+}
+
+dl dl pre {
+    margin-left: -90px;
+    padding-left: 90px;
+}
+
+tt {
+    background-color: #E8EFF0;
+    color: #222;
+    /* padding: 1px 2px; */
+}
+
+tt.xref, a tt {
+    background-color: #E8EFF0;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid white;
+}
+
+a.reference {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    border-bottom: 1px dotted #bb0000;
+}
+
+a.reference:hover {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #dd0000;
+}
+
+a.footnote-reference {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    font-size: 0.7em;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    border-bottom: 1px dotted #bb0000;
+}
+
+a.footnote-reference:hover {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #dd0000;
+}
+
+a:hover tt {
+    background: #EEE;
+}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/theme.conf b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a4d324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/_themes/future/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = basic
+stylesheet = future.css
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/automatic_conversion.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/automatic_conversion.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c718da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/automatic_conversion.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.. _automatic-conversion:
+
+Automatic conversion to Py2/3
+=============================
+
+The ``future`` source tree includes scripts called ``futurize`` and
+``pasteurize`` to aid in making Python 2 code or Python 3 code compatible with
+both platforms (Py2/3) using the :mod:`future` module. These are based on
+``lib2to3`` and use fixers from ``2to3``, ``3to2``, and ``python-modernize``.
+
+``futurize`` passes Python 2 code through all the appropriate fixers to turn it
+into valid Python 3 code, and then adds ``__future__`` and ``future`` package
+imports.
+
+For conversions from Python 3 code to Py2/3, use the ``pasteurize`` script
+instead. This converts Py3-only constructs (e.g. new metaclass syntax) and adds
+``__future__`` and ``future`` imports to the top of each module.
+
+In both cases, the result should be relatively clean Py3-style code that runs
+mostly unchanged on both Python 2 and Python 3.
+
+
+.. include:: futurize.rst
+
+.. include:: futurize_cheatsheet.rst
+
+.. include:: pasteurize.rst
+
+.. include:: conversion_limitations.rst
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bind_method.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bind_method.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d737384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bind_method.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.. _bind-method:
+
+Binding a method to a class
+---------------------------
+
+Python 2 draws a distinction between bound and unbound methods, whereas
+in Python 3 this distinction is gone: unbound methods have been removed
+from the language. To bind a method to a class compatibly across Python
+3 and Python 2, you can use the :func:`bind_method` helper function::
+
+    from future.utils import bind_method
+
+    class Greeter(object):
+        pass
+
+    def greet(self, message):
+        print(message)
+
+    bind_method(Greeter, 'greet', greet)
+
+    g = Greeter()
+    g.greet('Hi!')
+
+
+On Python 3, calling ``bind_method(cls, name, func)`` is equivalent to
+calling ``setattr(cls, name, func)``. On Python 2 it is equivalent to::
+
+    import types
+    setattr(cls, name, types.MethodType(func, None, cls))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bytes_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bytes_object.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..110280a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/bytes_object.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+.. _bytes-object:
+
+bytes
+-----
+
+Handling ``bytes`` consistently and correctly has traditionally been one
+of the most difficult tasks in writing a Py2/3 compatible codebase. This
+is because the Python 2 :class:`bytes` object is simply an alias for
+Python 2's :class:`str`, rather than a true implementation of the Python
+3 :class:`bytes` object, which is substantially different.
+
+:mod:`future` contains a backport of the :mod:`bytes` object from Python 3
+which passes most of the Python 3 tests for :mod:`bytes`. (See
+``tests/test_future/test_bytes.py`` in the source tree.) You can use it as
+follows::
+
+    >>> from builtins import bytes
+    >>> b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+
+On Py3, this is simply the builtin :class:`bytes` object. On Py2, this
+object is a subclass of Python 2's :class:`str` that enforces the same
+strict separation of unicode strings and byte strings as Python 3's
+:class:`bytes` object::
+
+    >>> b + u'EFGH'      # TypeError
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    TypeError: argument can't be unicode string
+
+    >>> bytes(b',').join([u'Fred', u'Bill'])
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    TypeError: sequence item 0: expected bytes, found unicode string
+
+    >>> b == u'ABCD'
+    False
+
+    >>> b < u'abc'
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    TypeError: unorderable types: bytes() and <type 'unicode'>
+
+
+In most other ways, these :class:`bytes` objects have identical
+behaviours to Python 3's :class:`bytes`::
+
+    b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+    assert list(b) == [65, 66, 67, 68]
+    assert repr(b) == "b'ABCD'"
+    assert b.split(b'B') == [b'A', b'CD']
+
+Currently the easiest way to ensure identical behaviour of byte-strings
+in a Py2/3 codebase is to wrap all byte-string literals ``b'...'`` in a
+:func:`~bytes` call as follows::
+
+    from builtins import bytes
+
+    # ...
+
+    b = bytes(b'This is my bytestring')
+
+    # ...
+
+This is not perfect, but it is superior to manually debugging and fixing
+code incompatibilities caused by the many differences between Py3 bytes
+and Py2 strings.
+
+
+The :class:`bytes` type from :mod:`builtins` also provides support for the
+``surrogateescape`` error handler on Python 2.x. Here is an example that works
+identically on Python 2.x and 3.x::
+
+    >>> from builtins import bytes
+    >>> b = bytes(b'\xff')
+    >>> b.decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')
+    '\udcc3'
+
+This feature is in alpha. Please leave feedback `here
+<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues>`_ about whether this
+works for you.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/changelog.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/changelog.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..059ad4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/changelog.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,1124 @@
+.. _whats-old:
+
+Changes in previous versions
+****************************
+
+Changes in the most recent major version are here: :ref:`whats-new`.
+
+.. _whats-new-0.14.x:
+
+Changes in version 0.14.3 (2014-12-15)
+======================================
+
+This is a bug-fix release:
+
+- Expose contents of ``thread`` (not ``dummy_thread``) as ``_thread`` on Py2 (Issue #124)
+- Add signed support for ``newint.to_bytes()`` (Issue #128)
+- Fix ``OrderedDict.clear()`` on Py2.6 (Issue #125)
+- Improve ``newrange``: equality and slicing, start/stop/step properties, refactoring (Issues #129, #130)
+- Minor doc updates
+
+Changes in version 0.14.2 (2014-11-21)
+======================================
+
+This is a bug-fix release:
+
+- Speed up importing of ``past.translation`` (Issue #117)
+- ``html.escape()``: replace function with the more robust one from Py3.4
+- ``futurize``: avoid displacing encoding comments by ``__future__`` imports (Issues #97, #10, #121)
+- ``futurize``: don't swallow exit code (Issue #119)
+- Packaging: don't forcibly remove the old build dir in ``setup.py`` (Issue #108)
+- Docs: update further docs and tests to refer to ``install_aliases()`` instead of
+  ``install_hooks()``
+- Docs: fix ``iteritems`` import error in cheat sheet (Issue #120)
+- Tests: don't rely on presence of ``test.test_support`` on Py2 or ``test.support`` on Py3 (Issue #109)
+- Tests: don't override existing ``PYTHONPATH`` for tests (PR #111)
+
+Changes in version 0.14.1 (2014-10-02)
+======================================
+
+This is a minor bug-fix release:
+
+- Docs: add a missing template file for building docs (Issue #108)
+- Tests: fix a bug in error handling while reporting failed script runs (Issue #109)
+- ``install_aliases()``: don't assume that the ``test.test_support`` module always
+  exists on Py2 (Issue #109)
+
+
+Changes in version 0.14.0 (2014-10-02)
+======================================
+
+This is a major new release that offers a cleaner interface for most imports in
+Python 2/3 compatible code.
+
+Instead of this interface::
+
+    >>> from future.builtins import str, open, range, dict
+
+    >>> from future.standard_library import hooks
+    >>> with hooks():
+    ...     import queue
+    ...     import configparser
+    ...     import tkinter.dialog
+    ...     # etc.
+
+You can now use the following interface for much Python 2/3 compatible code::
+
+    >>> # Alias for future.builtins on Py2:
+    >>> from builtins import str, open, range, dict
+
+    >>> # Alias for future.moves.* on Py2:
+    >>> import queue
+    >>> import configparser
+    >>> import tkinter.dialog
+    >>> etc.
+
+Notice that the above code will run on Python 3 even without the presence of the
+``future`` package. Of the 44 standard library modules that were refactored with
+PEP 3108, 30 are supported with direct imports in this manner. (These are listed
+here: :ref:`direct-imports`.)
+
+The other 14 standard library modules that kept the same top-level names in
+Py3.x are not supported with this direct import interface on Py2. These include
+the 5 modules in the Py3 ``urllib`` package. These modules are accessible through
+the following interface (as well as the interfaces offered in previous versions
+of ``python-future``)::
+
+    from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    install_aliases()
+
+    from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+    import dbm.gnu
+    from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+    from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+    from sys import intern
+    import test.support
+    from urllib.request import urlopen
+    from urllib.parse import urlparse
+    # etc.
+    from collections import Counter, OrderedDict     # backported to Py2.6
+
+The complete list of packages supported with this interface is here:
+:ref:`list-standard-library-refactored`.
+
+For more information on these and other interfaces to the standard library, see
+:ref:`standard-library-imports`.
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- This release expands the ``future.moves`` package to include most of the remaining
+  modules that were moved in the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108).
+  (Issue #104)
+
+- This release also removes the broken ``--doctests_only`` option from the ``futurize``
+  and ``pasteurize`` scripts for now. (Issue #103)
+
+Internal cleanups
+-----------------
+
+The project folder structure has changed. Top-level packages are now in a
+``src`` folder and the tests have been moved into a project-level ``tests``
+folder.
+
+The following deprecated internal modules have been removed (Issue #80):
+
+- ``future.utils.encoding`` and ``future.utils.six``.
+
+Deprecations
+------------
+
+The following internal functions have been deprecated and will be removed in a future release:
+
+- ``future.standard_library.scrub_py2_sys_modules``
+- ``future.standard_library.scrub_future_sys_modules``
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.13.x:
+
+Changes in version 0.13.1 (2014-09-23)
+======================================
+
+This is a bug-fix release:
+
+- Fix (multiple) inheritance of ``future.builtins.object`` with metaclasses (Issues #91, #96)
+- Fix ``futurize``'s refactoring of ``urllib`` imports (Issue #94)
+- Fix ``futurize --all-imports`` (Issue #101)
+- Fix ``futurize --output-dir`` logging (Issue #102)
+- Doc formatting fix (Issues #98, #100)
+
+
+Changes in version 0.13.0 (2014-08-13)
+======================================
+
+This is mostly a clean-up release. It adds some small new compatibility features
+and fixes several bugs.
+
+Deprecations
+------------
+
+The following unused internal modules are now deprecated. They will be removed in a
+future release:
+
+- ``future.utils.encoding`` and ``future.utils.six``.
+
+(Issue #80). See `here <http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Packaging:No_Bundled_Libraries>`_
+for the rationale for unbundling them.
+
+
+New features
+------------
+
+- Docs: Add :ref:`compatible-idioms` from Ed Schofield's PyConAU 2014 talk.
+- Add ``newint.to_bytes()`` and ``newint.from_bytes()``. (Issue #85)
+- Add ``future.utils.raise_from`` as an equivalent to Py3's ``raise ... from
+  ...`` syntax. (Issue #86)
+- Add ``past.builtins.oct()`` function.
+- Add backports for Python 2.6 of ``subprocess.check_output()``,
+  ``itertools.combinations_with_replacement()``, and ``functools.cmp_to_key()``.
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Use a private logger instead of the global logger in
+  ``future.standard_library`` (Issue #82). This restores compatibility of the
+  standard library hooks with ``flask``. (Issue #79)
+- Stage 1 of ``futurize`` no longer renames ``next`` methods to ``__next__``
+  (Issue #81). It still converts ``obj.next()`` method calls to
+  ``next(obj)`` correctly.
+- Prevent introduction of a second set of parentheses in ``print()`` calls in
+  some further cases.
+- Fix ``isinstance`` checks for subclasses of future types. (Issue #89)
+- Be explicit about encoding file contents as UTF-8 in unit tests. (Issue #63)
+  Useful for building RPMs and in other environments where ``LANG=C``.
+- Fix for 3-argument ``pow(x, y, z)`` with ``newint`` arguments. (Thanks to @str4d.)
+  (Issue #87)
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.12.4:
+
+Changes in version 0.12.4 (2014-07-18)
+======================================
+
+- Fix upcasting behaviour of ``newint``. (Issue #76)
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.12.3:
+
+Changes in version 0.12.3 (2014-06-19)
+======================================
+
+- Add "official Python 3.4 support": Py3.4 is now listed among the PyPI Trove
+  classifiers and the tests now run successfully on Py3.4. (Issue #67)
+
+- Add backports of ``collections.OrderedDict`` and
+  ``collections.Counter`` for Python 2.6. (Issue #52)
+
+- Add ``--version`` option for ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts.
+  (Issue #57)
+
+- Fix ``future.utils.ensure_new_type`` with ``long`` input. (Issue #65)
+
+- Remove some false alarms on checks for ambiguous fixer names with
+  ``futurize -f ...``.
+
+- Testing fixes:
+    - Don't hard-code Python interpreter command in tests. (Issue #62)
+    - Fix deprecated ``unittest`` usage in Py3. (Issue #62)
+    - Be explicit about encoding temporary file contents as UTF-8 for
+      when ``LANG=C`` (e.g., when building an RPM). (Issue #63)
+    - All undecorated tests are now passing again on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3,
+      and 3.4 (thanks to Elliott Sales de Andrade).
+
+- Docs:
+    - Add list of fixers used by ``futurize``. (Issue #58)
+    - Add list of contributors to the Credits page.
+
+.. _whats-new-0.12.2:
+
+Changes in version 0.12.2 (2014-05-25)
+======================================
+
+- Add ``bytes.maketrans()`` method. (Issue #51)
+- Add support for Python versions between 2.7.0 and 2.7.3 (inclusive).
+  (Issue #53)
+- Bug fix for ``newlist(newlist([1, 2, 3]))``. (Issue #50)
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.12.1:
+
+Changes in version 0.12.1 (2014-05-14)
+======================================
+
+- Python 2.6 support: ``future.standard_library`` now isolates the ``importlib``
+  dependency to one function (``import_``) so the ``importlib`` backport may
+  not be needed.
+
+- Doc updates
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.12:
+
+Changes in version 0.12.0 (2014-05-06)
+======================================
+
+The major new feature in this version is improvements in the support for the
+reorganized standard library (PEP 3108) and compatibility of the import
+mechanism with 3rd-party modules.
+
+More robust standard-library import hooks
+-----------------------------------------
+
+**Note: backwards-incompatible change:** As previously announced (see
+:ref:`deprecated-auto-import-hooks`), the import hooks must now be enabled
+explicitly, as follows::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    with standard_library.hooks():
+        import html.parser
+        import http.client
+        ...
+
+This now causes these modules to be imported from ``future.moves``, a new
+package that provides wrappers over the native Python 2 standard library with
+the new Python 3 organization. As a consequence, the import hooks provided in
+``future.standard_library`` are now fully compatible with the `Requests library
+<http://python-requests.org>`_.
+
+The functional interface with ``install_hooks()`` is still supported for
+backwards compatibility::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_hooks():
+
+    import html.parser
+    import http.client
+    ...
+    standard_library.remove_hooks()
+
+Explicit installation of import hooks allows finer-grained control
+over whether they are enabled for other imported modules that provide their own
+Python 2/3 compatibility layer. This also improves compatibility of ``future``
+with tools like ``py2exe``.
+
+
+``newobject`` base object defines fallback Py2-compatible special methods
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+There is a new ``future.types.newobject`` base class (available as
+``future.builtins.object``) that can streamline Py2/3 compatible code by
+providing fallback Py2-compatible special methods for its subclasses. It
+currently provides ``next()`` and ``__nonzero__()`` as fallback methods on Py2
+when its subclasses define the corresponding Py3-style ``__next__()`` and
+``__bool__()`` methods.
+
+This obviates the need to add certain compatibility hacks or decorators to the
+code such as the ``@implements_iterator`` decorator for classes that define a
+Py3-style ``__next__`` method.
+
+In this example, the code defines a Py3-style iterator with a ``__next__``
+method. The ``object`` class defines a ``next`` method for Python 2 that maps
+to ``__next__``::
+
+    from future.builtins import object
+
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')
+
+``newobject`` defines other Py2-compatible special methods similarly:
+currently these include ``__nonzero__`` (mapped to ``__bool__``) and
+``__long__`` (mapped to ``__int__``).
+
+Inheriting from ``newobject`` on Python 2 is safe even if your class defines
+its own Python 2-style ``__nonzero__`` and ``next`` and ``__long__`` methods.
+Your custom methods will simply override those on the base class.
+
+On Python 3, as usual, ``future.builtins.object`` simply refers to ``builtins.object``.
+
+
+``past.builtins`` module improved
+---------------------------------
+
+The ``past.builtins`` module is much more compatible with the corresponding
+builtins on Python 2; many more of the Py2 unit tests pass on Py3. For example,
+functions like ``map()`` and ``filter()`` now behave as they do on Py2 with with
+``None`` as the first argument.
+
+The ``past.builtins`` module has also been extended to add Py3 support for
+additional Py2 constructs that are not adequately handled by ``lib2to3`` (see
+Issue #37). This includes new ``execfile()`` and ``cmp()`` functions.
+``futurize`` now invokes imports of these functions from ``past.builtins``.
+
+
+``surrogateescape`` error handler
+---------------------------------
+
+The ``newstr`` type (``future.builtins.str``) now supports a backport of the
+Py3.x ``'surrogateescape'`` error handler for preserving high-bit
+characters when encoding and decoding strings with unknown encodings.
+
+
+``newlist`` type
+----------------
+
+There is a new ``list`` type in ``future.builtins`` that offers ``.copy()`` and
+``.clear()`` methods like the ``list`` type in Python 3.
+
+
+``listvalues`` and ``listitems``
+--------------------------------
+
+``future.utils`` now contains helper functions ``listvalues`` and
+``listitems``, which provide Python 2-style list snapshotting semantics for
+dictionaries in both Python 2 and Python 3.
+
+These came out of the discussion around Nick Coghlan's now-withdrawn PEP 469.
+
+There is no corresponding ``listkeys(d)`` function; use ``list(d)`` instead.
+
+
+Tests
+-----
+
+The number of unit tests has increased from 600 to over 800. Most of the new
+tests come from Python 3.3's test suite.
+
+
+Refactoring of ``future.standard_library.*`` -> ``future.backports``
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The backported standard library modules have been moved to ``future.backports``
+to make the distinction clearer between these and the new ``future.moves``
+package.
+
+
+Backported ``http.server`` and ``urllib`` modules
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Alpha versions of backports of the ``http.server`` and ``urllib`` module from
+Python 3.3's standard library are now provided in ``future.backports``.
+
+Use them like this::
+
+    from future.backports.urllib.request import Request    # etc.
+    from future.backports.http import server as http_server
+
+Or with this new interface::
+
+    from future.standard_library import import_, from_import
+
+    Request = from_import('urllib.request', 'Request', backport=True)
+    http = import_('http.server', backport=True)
+
+..    from future.standard_library.email import message_from_bytes  # etc.
+..    from future.standard_library.xmlrpc import client, server
+
+
+Internal refactoring
+--------------------
+
+The ``future.builtins.types`` module has been moved to ``future.types``.
+Likewise, ``past.builtins.types`` has been moved to ``past.types``. The only
+user-visible effect of this is to change ``repr(type(obj))`` for instances
+of these types. For example::
+
+    >>> from future.builtins import bytes
+    >>> bytes(b'abc')
+    >>> type(b)
+    future.types.newbytes.newbytes
+
+Instead of::
+
+    >>> type(b)           # prior to v0.12
+    future.builtins.types.newbytes.newbytes
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+Many small improvements and fixes have been made across the project. Some highlights are:
+
+- Fixes and updates from Python 3.3.5 have been included in the backported
+  standard library modules.
+
+- Scrubbing of the ``sys.modules`` cache performed by ``remove_hooks()`` (also
+  called by the ``suspend_hooks`` and ``hooks`` context managers) is now more
+  conservative.
+
+..  Is this still true?
+..  It now removes only modules with Py3 names (such as
+..  ``urllib.parse``) and not the corresponding ``future.standard_library.*``
+..  modules (such as ``future.standard_library.urllib.parse``.
+
+- The ``fix_next`` and ``fix_reduce`` fixers have been moved to stage 1 of
+  ``futurize``.
+
+- ``futurize``: Shebang lines such as ``#!/usr/bin/env python`` and source code
+  file encoding declarations like ``# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-`` are no longer occasionally
+  displaced by ``from __future__ import ...`` statements. (Issue #10)
+
+- Improved compatibility with ``py2exe`` (`Issue #31 <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/31>`_).
+
+- The ``future.utils.bytes_to_native_str`` function now returns a platform-native string
+  object and ``future.utils.native_str_to_bytes`` returns a ``newbytes`` object on Py2.
+  (`Issue #47 <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/47>`_).
+
+- The backported ``http.client`` module and related modules use other new
+  backported modules such as ``email``. As a result they are more compliant
+  with the Python 3.3 equivalents.
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.11.4:
+
+Changes in version 0.11.4 (2014-05-25)
+======================================
+
+This release contains various small improvements and fixes:
+
+- This release restores Python 2.6 compatibility. (Issue #42)
+
+- The ``fix_absolute_import`` fixer now supports Cython ``.pyx`` modules. (Issue
+  #35)
+
+- Right-division with ``newint`` objects is fixed. (Issue #38)
+
+- The ``fix_dict`` fixer has been moved to stage2 of ``futurize``.
+
+- Calls to ``bytes(string, encoding[, errors])`` now work with ``encoding`` and
+  ``errors`` passed as positional arguments. Previously this only worked if
+  ``encoding`` and ``errors`` were passed as keyword arguments.
+
+
+- The 0-argument ``super()`` function now works from inside static methods such
+  as ``__new__``. (Issue #36)
+
+- ``future.utils.native(d)`` calls now work for ``future.builtins.dict`` objects.
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.11.3:
+
+Changes in version 0.11.3 (2014-02-27)
+======================================
+
+This release has improvements in the standard library import hooks mechanism and
+its compatibility with 3rd-party modules:
+
+
+Improved compatibility with ``requests``
+----------------------------------------
+
+The ``__exit__`` function of the ``hooks`` context manager and the
+``remove_hooks`` function both now remove submodules of
+``future.standard_library`` from the ``sys.modules`` cache. Therefore this code
+is now possible on Python 2 and 3::
+
+       from future import standard_library
+       standard_library.install_hooks()
+       import http.client
+       standard_library.remove_hooks()
+       import requests
+
+       data = requests.get('http://www.google.com')
+
+
+Previously, this required manually removing ``http`` and ``http.client`` from
+``sys.modules`` before importing ``requests`` on Python 2.x. (Issue #19)
+
+This change should also improve the compatibility of the standard library hooks
+with any other module that provides its own Python 2/3 compatibility code.
+
+Note that the situation will improve further in version 0.12; import hooks will
+require an explicit function call or the ``hooks`` context manager.
+
+
+Conversion scripts explicitly install import hooks
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts now add an explicit call to
+``install_hooks()`` to install the standard library import hooks. These scripts
+now add these two lines::
+
+       from future import standard_library
+       standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+instead of just the first one. The next major version of ``future`` (0.12) will
+require the explicit call or use of the ``hooks`` context manager. This will
+allow finer-grained control over whether import hooks are enabled for other
+imported modules, such as ``requests``, which provide their own Python 2/3
+compatibility code.
+
+
+``futurize`` script no longer adds ``unicode_literals`` by default
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+There is a new ``--unicode-literals`` flag to ``futurize`` that adds the
+import::
+
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+to the top of each converted module. Without this flag, ``futurize`` now no
+longer adds this import. (Issue #22)
+
+The ``pasteurize`` script for converting from Py3 to Py2/3 still adds
+``unicode_literals``. (See the comments in Issue #22 for an explanation.)
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.11:
+
+Changes in version 0.11 (2014-01-28)
+====================================
+
+There are several major new features in version 0.11.
+
+
+``past`` package
+----------------
+
+The python-future project now provides a ``past`` package in addition to the
+``future`` package. Whereas ``future`` provides improved compatibility with
+Python 3 code to Python 2, ``past`` provides support for using and interacting
+with Python 2 code from Python 3. The structure reflects that of ``future``,
+with ``past.builtins`` and ``past.utils``. There is also a new
+``past.translation`` package that provides transparent translation of Python 2
+code to Python 3. (See below.)
+
+One purpose of ``past`` is to ease module-by-module upgrades to
+codebases from Python 2. Another is to help with enabling Python 2 libraries to
+support Python 3 without breaking the API they currently provide. (For example,
+user code may expect these libraries to pass them Python 2's 8-bit strings,
+rather than Python 3's ``bytes`` object.) A third purpose is to help migrate
+projects to Python 3 even if one or more dependencies are still on Python 2.
+
+Currently ``past.builtins`` provides forward-ports of Python 2's ``str`` and
+``dict`` objects, ``basestring``, and list-producing iterator functions.  In
+later releases, ``past.builtins`` will be used internally by the
+``past.translation`` package to help with importing and using old Python 2
+modules in a Python 3 environment.
+
+
+Auto-translation of Python 2 modules upon import
+------------------------------------------------
+
+``past`` provides an experimental ``translation`` package to help
+with importing and using old Python 2 modules in a Python 3 environment.
+
+This is implemented using import hooks that attempt to automatically
+translate Python 2 modules to Python 3 syntax and semantics upon import. Use
+it like this::
+
+    $ pip3 install plotrique==0.2.5-7 --no-compile   # to ignore SyntaxErrors
+    $ python3
+
+Then pass in a whitelist of module name prefixes to the
+``past.translation.autotranslate()`` function. Example::
+
+    >>> from past.translation import autotranslate
+    >>> autotranslate(['plotrique'])
+    >>> import plotrique
+
+
+This is intended to help you migrate to Python 3 without the need for all
+your code's dependencies to support Python 3 yet. It should be used as a
+last resort; ideally Python 2-only dependencies should be ported
+properly to a Python 2/3 compatible codebase using a tool like
+``futurize`` and the changes should be pushed to the upstream project.
+
+For more information, see :ref:`translation`.
+
+
+Separate ``pasteurize`` script
+------------------------------
+
+The functionality from ``futurize --from3`` is now in a separate script called
+``pasteurize``. Use ``pasteurize`` when converting from Python 3 code to Python
+2/3 compatible source. For more information, see :ref:`backwards-conversion`.
+
+
+``pow()``
+---------
+
+There is now a ``pow()`` function in ``future.builtins.misc`` that behaves like
+the Python 3 ``pow()`` function when raising a negative number to a fractional
+power (returning a complex number).
+
+
+``input()`` no longer disabled globally on Py2
+----------------------------------------------
+
+Previous versions of ``future`` deleted the ``input()`` function from
+``__builtin__`` on Python 2 as a security measure. This was because
+Python 2's ``input()`` function allows arbitrary code execution and could
+present a security vulnerability on Python 2 if someone expects Python 3
+semantics but forgets to import ``input`` from ``future.builtins``. This
+behaviour has been reverted, in the interests of broadening the
+compatibility of ``future`` with other Python 2 modules.
+
+Please remember to import ``input`` from ``future.builtins`` if you use
+``input()`` in a Python 2/3 compatible codebase.
+
+
+.. _deprecated-auto-import-hooks:
+
+Deprecated feature: auto-installation of standard-library import hooks
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Previous versions of ``python-future`` installed import hooks automatically upon
+importing the ``standard_library`` module from ``future``. This has been
+deprecated in order to improve robustness and compatibility with modules like
+``requests`` that already perform their own single-source Python 2/3
+compatibility.
+
+As of v0.12, importing ``future.standard_library``
+will no longer install import hooks by default. Instead, please install the
+import hooks explicitly as follows::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+And uninstall them after your import statements using::
+
+    standard_library.remove_hooks()
+
+*Note*: This is a backward-incompatible change.
+
+
+
+Internal changes
+----------------
+
+The internal ``future.builtins.backports`` module has been renamed to
+``future.builtins.types``. This will change the ``repr`` of ``future``
+types but not their use.
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.10.2:
+
+Changes in version 0.10.2 (2014-01-11)
+======================================
+
+New context-manager interface to ``standard_library.hooks``
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+There is a new context manager ``future.standard_library.hooks``. Use it like
+this::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    with standard_library.hooks():
+        import queue
+        import configserver
+        from http.client import HTTPConnection
+        # etc.
+
+If not using this context manager, it is now encouraged to add an explicit call to
+``standard_library.install_hooks()`` as follows::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+    import queue
+    import html
+    import http.client
+    # etc.
+
+And to remove the hooks afterwards with::
+
+    standard_library.remove_hooks()
+
+The functions ``install_hooks()`` and ``remove_hooks()`` were previously
+called ``enable_hooks()`` and ``disable_hooks()``. The old names are
+deprecated (but are still available as aliases).
+
+As usual, this feature has no effect on Python 3.
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.10:
+
+Changes in version 0.10.0 (2013-12-02)
+======================================
+
+Backported ``dict`` type
+------------------------
+
+``future.builtins`` now provides a Python 2 ``dict`` subclass whose
+:func:`keys`, :func:`values`, and :func:`items` methods produce
+memory-efficient iterators. On Python 2.7, these also have the same set-like
+view behaviour as on Python 3. This can streamline code needing to iterate
+over large dictionaries. For example::
+
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from future.builtins import dict, range
+
+    squares = dict({i: i**2 for i in range(10**7)})
+
+    assert not isinstance(d.items(), list)
+    # Because items() is memory-efficient, so is this:
+    square_roots = dict((i_squared, i) for (i, i_squared) in squares.items())
+
+For more information, see :ref:`dict-object`.
+
+
+Utility functions ``raise_`` and ``exec_``
+------------------------------------------
+
+The functions ``raise_with_traceback()`` and ``raise_()`` were
+added to ``future.utils`` to offer either the Python 3.x or Python 2.x
+behaviour for raising exceptions. Thanks to Joel Tratner for the
+contribution of these. ``future.utils.reraise()`` is now deprecated.
+
+A portable ``exec_()`` function has been added to ``future.utils`` from
+``six``.
+
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+- Fixed ``newint.__divmod__``
+- Improved robustness of installing and removing import hooks in :mod:`future.standard_library`
+- v0.10.1: Fixed broken ``pip install future`` on Py3
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.9:
+
+Changes in version 0.9 (2013-11-06)
+===================================
+
+
+``isinstance`` checks are supported natively with backported types
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+The ``isinstance`` function is no longer redefined in ``future.builtins``
+to operate with the backported ``int``, ``bytes`` and ``str``.
+``isinstance`` checks with the backported types now work correctly by
+default; we achieve this through overriding the ``__instancecheck__``
+method of metaclasses of the backported types.
+
+For more information, see :ref:`isinstance-calls`.
+
+
+``futurize``: minimal imports by default
+----------------------------------------
+
+By default, the ``futurize`` script now only adds the minimal set of
+imports deemed necessary.
+
+There is now an ``--all-imports`` option to the ``futurize`` script which
+gives the previous behaviour, which is to add all ``__future__`` imports
+and ``from future.builtins import *`` imports to every module. (This even
+applies to an empty ``__init__.py`` file.)
+
+
+Looser type-checking for the backported ``str`` object
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+Now the ``future.builtins.str`` object behaves more like the Python 2
+``unicode`` object with regard to type-checking. This is to work around some
+bugs / sloppiness in the Python 2 standard library involving mixing of
+byte-strings and unicode strings, such as ``os.path.join`` in ``posixpath.py``.
+
+``future.builtins.str`` still raises the expected ``TypeError`` exceptions from
+Python 3 when attempting to mix it with ``future.builtins.bytes``.
+
+
+``suspend_hooks()`` context manager added to ``future.standard_library``
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Pychecker (as of v0.6.1)'s ``checker.py`` attempts to import the ``builtins``
+module as a way of determining whether Python 3 is running. Since this
+succeeds when ``from future import standard_library`` is in effect, this
+check does not work and pychecker sets the wrong value for its internal ``PY2``
+flag is set.
+
+To work around this, ``future`` now provides a context manager called
+``suspend_hooks`` that can be used as follows::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    ...
+    with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
+        from pychecker.checker import Checker
+
+
+.. _whats-new-0.8:
+
+Changes in version 0.8 (2013-10-28)
+===================================
+
+Python 2.6 support
+------------------
+
+``future`` now includes support for Python 2.6.
+
+To run the ``future`` test suite on Python 2.6, this additional package is needed::
+
+    pip install unittest2
+
+``http.server`` also requires the ``argparse`` package::
+
+    pip install argparse
+
+
+Unused modules removed
+----------------------
+
+The ``future.six`` module has been removed. ``future`` doesn't require ``six``
+(and hasn't since version 0.3). If you need support for Python versions before
+2.6, ``six`` is the best option. ``future`` and ``six`` can be installed
+alongside each other easily if needed.
+
+The unused ``hacks`` module has also been removed from the source tree.
+
+
+``isinstance()`` added to :mod:`future.builtins` (v0.8.2)
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+It is now possible to use ``isinstance()`` calls normally after importing ``isinstance`` from
+``future.builtins``. On Python 2, this is specially defined to be compatible with
+``future``'s backported ``int``, ``str``, and ``bytes`` types, as well as
+handling Python 2's ``int``/``long`` distinction.
+
+The result is that code that uses ``isinstance`` to perform type-checking of
+ints, strings, and bytes should now work identically on Python 2 as on Python 3.
+
+The utility functions ``isint``, ``istext``, and ``isbytes`` provided before for
+compatible type-checking across Python 2 and 3 in :mod:`future.utils` are now
+deprecated.
+
+
+.. _changelog:
+
+Summary of all changes
+======================
+
+v0.15.0:
+  * Full backports of ``urllib.parse`` and other ``urllib`` submodules are exposed by ``install_aliases()``.
+  * ``tkinter.ttk`` support
+  * Initial ``surrogateescape`` support
+  * Additional backports: ``collections``, ``http`` constants, etc.
+  * Bug fixes
+
+v0.14.3:
+  * Bug fixes
+
+v0.14.2:
+  * Bug fixes
+
+v0.14.1:
+  * Bug fixes
+
+v0.14.0:
+  * New top-level ``builtins`` package on Py2 for cleaner imports. Equivalent to
+    ``future.builtins``
+  * New top-level packages on Py2 with the same names as Py3 standard modules:
+    ``configparser``, ``copyreg``, ``html``, ``http``, ``xmlrpc``, ``winreg``
+
+v0.13.1:
+  * Bug fixes
+
+v0.13.0:
+  * Cheat sheet for writing Python 2/3 compatible code
+  * ``to_int`` and ``from_int`` methods for ``newbytes``
+  * Bug fixes
+
+v0.12.0:
+  * Add ``newobject`` and ``newlist`` types
+  * Improve compatibility of import hooks with ``Requests``, ``py2exe``
+  * No more auto-installation of import hooks by ``future.standard_library``
+  * New ``future.moves`` package
+  * ``past.builtins`` improved
+  * ``newstr.encode(..., errors='surrogateescape')`` supported
+  * Refactoring: ``future.standard_library`` submodules -> ``future.backports``
+  * Refactoring: ``future.builtins.types`` -> ``future.types``
+  * Refactoring: ``past.builtins.types`` -> ``past.types``
+  * New ``listvalues`` and ``listitems`` functions in ``future.utils``
+  * Many bug fixes to ``futurize``, ``future.builtins``, etc.
+
+v0.11.4:
+  * Restore Py2.6 compatibility
+
+v0.11.3:
+  * The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts add an explicit call to
+    ``future.standard_library.install_hooks()`` whenever modules affected by
+    PEP 3108 are imported.
+
+  * The ``future.builtins.bytes`` constructor now accepts ``frozenset``
+    objects as on Py3.
+
+v0.11.2:
+  * The ``past.translation.autotranslate`` feature now finds modules to import
+    more robustly and works with Python eggs.
+
+v0.11.1:
+  * Update to ``requirements_py26.txt`` for Python 2.6. Small updates to
+    docs and tests.
+
+v0.11:
+  * New ``past`` package with ``past.builtins`` and ``past.translation``
+    modules.
+
+v0.10.2:
+  * Improvements to stdlib hooks. New context manager:
+    ``future.standard_library.hooks()``.
+
+  * New ``raise_`` and ``raise_with_traceback`` functions in ``future.utils``.
+
+v0.10:
+  * New backported ``dict`` object with set-like ``keys``, ``values``, ``items``
+
+v0.9:
+  * :func:`isinstance` hack removed in favour of ``__instancecheck__`` on the
+    metaclasses of the backported types
+  * ``futurize`` now only adds necessary imports by default
+  * Looser type-checking by ``future.builtins.str`` when combining with Py2
+    native byte-strings.
+
+v0.8.3:
+  * New ``--all-imports`` option to ``futurize``
+  * Fix bug with ``str.encode()`` with encoding as a non-keyword arg
+
+v0.8.2:
+  * New ``isinstance`` function in :mod:`future.builtins`. This obviates
+    and deprecates the utility functions for type-checking in :mod:`future.utils`.
+
+v0.8.1:
+  * Backported ``socketserver.py``. Fixes sporadic test failures with
+    ``http.server`` (related to threading and old-style classes used in Py2.7's
+    ``SocketServer.py``).
+
+  * Move a few more safe ``futurize`` fixes from stage2 to stage1
+
+  * Bug fixes to :mod:`future.utils`
+
+v0.8:
+  * Added Python 2.6 support
+
+  * Removed unused modules: :mod:`future.six` and :mod:`future.hacks`
+
+  * Removed undocumented functions from :mod:`future.utils`
+
+v0.7:
+  * Added a backported Py3-like ``int`` object (inherits from ``long``).
+
+  * Added utility functions for type-checking and docs about
+    ``isinstance`` uses/alternatives.
+
+  * Fixes and stricter type-checking for ``bytes`` and ``str`` objects
+
+  * Added many more tests for the ``futurize`` script
+
+  * We no longer disable obsolete Py2 builtins by default with ``from
+    future.builtins import *``. Use ``from future.builtins.disabled
+    import *`` instead.
+
+v0.6:
+  * Added a backported Py3-like ``str`` object (inherits from Py2's ``unicode``)
+
+  * Removed support for the form ``from future import *``; use ``from future.builtins import *`` instead
+
+v0.5.3:
+  * Doc improvements
+
+v0.5.2:
+  * Add lots of docs and a Sphinx project
+
+v0.5.1:
+  * Upgraded included ``six`` module (included as ``future.utils.six``) to v1.4.1
+
+  * :mod:`http.server` module backported
+
+  * ``bytes.split()`` and ``.rsplit()`` bugfixes
+
+v0.5.0:
+  * Added backported Py3-like ``bytes`` object
+
+v0.4.2:
+  * Various fixes
+
+v0.4.1:
+  * Added :func:`open` (from :mod:`io` module on Py2)
+  * Improved docs
+
+v0.4.0:
+  * Added various useful compatibility functions to :mod:`future.utils`
+
+  * Reorganized package: moved all builtins to :mod:`future.builtins`; moved
+    all stdlib things to ``future.standard_library``
+
+  * Renamed ``python-futurize`` console script to ``futurize``
+
+  * Moved ``future.six`` to ``future.utils.six`` and pulled the most relevant
+    definitions to :mod:`future.utils`.
+
+  * More improvements to "Py3 to both" conversion (``futurize.py --from3``)
+
+v0.3.5:
+  * Fixed broken package setup ("package directory 'libfuturize/tests' does not exist")
+
+v0.3.4:
+  * Added ``itertools.zip_longest``
+
+  * Updated ``2to3_backcompat`` tests to use ``futurize.py``
+
+  * Improved ``libfuturize`` fixers: correct order of imports; add imports only when necessary (except ``absolute_import`` currently)
+
+v0.3.3:
+  * Added ``python-futurize`` console script
+
+  * Added ``itertools.filterfalse``
+
+  * Removed docs about unfinished backports (``urllib`` etc.)
+
+  * Removed old Py2 syntax in some files that breaks py3 ``setup.py install``
+
+v0.3.2:
+  * Added ``test.support`` module
+
+  * Added ``UserList``, ``UserString``, ``UserDict`` classes to ``collections`` module
+
+  * Removed ``int`` -> ``long`` mapping
+
+  * Added backported ``_markupbase.py`` etc. with new-style classes to fix travis-ci build problems
+
+  * Added working ``html`` and ``http.client`` backported modules
+v0.3.0:
+  * Generalized import hooks to allow dotted imports
+
+  * Added backports of ``urllib``, ``html``, ``http`` modules from Py3.3 stdlib using ``future``
+
+  * Added ``futurize`` script for automatically turning Py2 or Py3 modules into
+    cross-platform Py3 modules
+
+  * Renamed ``future.standard_library_renames`` to
+    ``future.standard_library``. (No longer just renames, but backports too.)
+
+v0.2.2.1:
+  * Small bug fixes to get tests passing on travis-ci.org
+
+v0.2.1:
+  * Small bug fixes
+
+v0.2.0:
+  * ``Features`` module renamed to ``modified_builtins``
+
+  * New functions added: :func:`round`, :func:`input`
+
+  * No more namespace pollution as a policy::
+
+        from future import *
+
+    should have no effect on Python 3. On Python 2, it only shadows the
+    builtins; it doesn't introduce any new names.
+
+  * End-to-end tests with Python 2 code and ``2to3`` now work
+
+v0.1.0:
+  * first version with tests!
+
+  * removed the inspect-module magic
+
+v0.0.x:
+  * initial releases. Use at your peril.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/compatible_idioms.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/compatible_idioms.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0cb05a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/compatible_idioms.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,1457 @@
+.. _compatible-idioms:
+
+Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible code
+===============================================
+
+-  **Copyright (c):** 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+-  **Author:** Ed Schofield.
+-  **Licence:** Creative Commons Attribution.
+
+A PDF version is here: http://python-future.org/compatible\_idioms.pdf
+
+This notebook shows you idioms for writing future-proof code that is
+compatible with both versions of Python: 2 and 3. It accompanies Ed
+Schofield's talk at PyCon AU 2014, "Writing 2/3 compatible code". (The
+video is here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOqk8j11aAI&t=10m14s.)
+
+Minimum versions:
+
+-  Python 2: 2.7+
+-  Python 3: 3.4+
+
+Setup
+-----
+
+The imports below refer to these ``pip``-installable packages on PyPI:
+
+::
+
+    import future        # pip install future
+    import builtins      # pip install future
+    import past          # pip install future
+    import six           # pip install six
+
+The following scripts are also ``pip``-installable:
+
+::
+
+    futurize             # pip install future
+    pasteurize           # pip install future
+
+See http://python-future.org and https://pythonhosted.org/six/ for more
+information.
+
+Essential syntax differences
+----------------------------
+
+print
+~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    print 'Hello'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    print('Hello')
+To print multiple strings, import ``print_function`` to prevent Py2 from
+interpreting it as a tuple:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    print 'Hello', 'Guido'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from __future__ import print_function    # (at top of module)
+
+    print('Hello', 'Guido')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    print >> sys.stderr, 'Hello'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from __future__ import print_function
+
+    print('Hello', file=sys.stderr)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    print 'Hello',
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from __future__ import print_function
+
+    print('Hello', end='')
+Raising exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    raise ValueError, "dodgy value"
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    raise ValueError("dodgy value")
+Raising exceptions with a traceback:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]
+    raise ValueError, "dodgy value", traceback
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    raise ValueError("dodgy value").with_traceback()
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    from six import reraise as raise_
+    # or
+    from future.utils import raise_
+
+    traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]
+    raise_(ValueError, "dodgy value", traceback)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from future.utils import raise_with_traceback
+
+    raise_with_traceback(ValueError("dodgy value"))
+Exception chaining (PEP 3134):
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Setup:
+    class DatabaseError(Exception):
+        pass
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only
+    class FileDatabase:
+        def __init__(self, filename):
+            try:
+                self.file = open(filename)
+            except IOError as exc:
+                raise DatabaseError('failed to open') from exc
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from future.utils import raise_from
+
+    class FileDatabase:
+        def __init__(self, filename):
+            try:
+                self.file = open(filename)
+            except IOError as exc:
+                raise_from(DatabaseError('failed to open'), exc)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Testing the above:
+    try:
+        fd = FileDatabase('non_existent_file.txt')
+    except Exception as e:
+        assert isinstance(e.__cause__, IOError)    # FileNotFoundError on Py3.3+ inherits from IOError
+Catching exceptions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    try:
+        ...
+    except ValueError, e:
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    try:
+        ...
+    except ValueError as e:
+        ...
+Division
+~~~~~~~~
+
+Integer division (rounding down):
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    assert 2 / 3 == 0
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    assert 2 // 3 == 0
+"True division" (float division):
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    assert 3 / 2 == 1.5
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from __future__ import division    # (at top of module)
+
+    assert 3 / 2 == 1.5
+"Old division" (i.e. compatible with Py2 behaviour):
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    a = b / c            # with any types
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from past.utils import old_div
+
+    a = old_div(b, c)    # always same as / on Py2
+Long integers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Short integers are gone in Python 3 and ``long`` has become ``int``
+(without the trailing ``L`` in the ``repr``).
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    k = 9223372036854775808L
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    k = 9223372036854775808
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    bigint = 1L
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    from builtins import int
+    bigint = int(1)
+To test whether a value is an integer (of any kind):
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    if isinstance(x, (int, long)):
+        ...
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    if isinstance(x, int):
+        ...
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    from builtins import int    # subclass of long on Py2
+
+    if isinstance(x, int):             # matches both int and long on Py2
+        ...
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from past.builtins import long
+
+    if isinstance(x, (int, long)):
+        ...
+Octal constants
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    0644     # Python 2 only
+.. code:: python
+
+    0o644    # Python 2 and 3
+Backtick repr
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    `x`      # Python 2 only
+.. code:: python
+
+    repr(x)  # Python 2 and 3
+Metaclasses
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    class BaseForm(object):
+        pass
+
+    class FormType(type):
+        pass
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    class Form(BaseForm):
+        __metaclass__ = FormType
+        pass
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    class Form(BaseForm, metaclass=FormType):
+        pass
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from six import with_metaclass
+    # or
+    from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+    class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):
+        pass
+Strings and bytes
+-----------------
+
+Unicode (text) string literals
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you are upgrading an existing Python 2 codebase, it may be preferable
+to mark up all string literals as unicode explicitly with ``u``
+prefixes:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    s1 = 'The Zen of Python'
+    s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\n'
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    s1 = u'The Zen of Python'
+    s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\n'
+The ``futurize`` and ``python-modernize`` tools do not currently offer
+an option to do this automatically.
+
+If you are writing code for a new project or new codebase, you can use
+this idiom to make all string literals in a module unicode strings:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals    # at top of module
+
+    s1 = 'The Zen of Python'
+    s2 = 'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\n'
+See http://python-future.org/unicode\_literals.html for more discussion
+on which style to use.
+
+Byte-string literals
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    s = 'This must be a byte-string'
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    s = b'This must be a byte-string'
+To loop over a byte-string with possible high-bit characters, obtaining
+each character as a byte-string of length 1:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    for bytechar in 'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9':
+        ...
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9':
+        bytechar = bytes([myint])
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from builtins import bytes
+    for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9'):
+        bytechar = bytes([myint])
+As an alternative, ``chr()`` and ``.encode('latin-1')`` can be used to
+convert an int into a 1-char byte string:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9':
+        char = chr(myint)    # returns a unicode string
+        bytechar = char.encode('latin-1')
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from builtins import bytes, chr
+    for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \xf9'):
+        char = chr(myint)    # returns a unicode string
+        bytechar = char.encode('latin-1')    # forces returning a byte str
+basestring
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    a = u'abc'
+    b = 'def'
+    assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from past.builtins import basestring    # pip install future
+
+    a = u'abc'
+    b = b'def'
+    assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2: refactor the code to avoid considering
+    # byte-strings as strings.
+
+    from builtins import str
+    a = u'abc'
+    b = b'def'
+    c = b.decode()
+    assert isinstance(a, str) and isinstance(c, str)
+    # ...
+unicode
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    templates = [u"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html" % unicode(slug)]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from builtins import str
+    templates = [u"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html" % str(slug)]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from builtins import str as text
+    templates = [u"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html" % text(slug)]
+StringIO
+~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+    # or:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from io import BytesIO     # for handling byte strings
+    from io import StringIO    # for handling unicode strings
+Imports relative to a package
+-----------------------------
+
+Suppose the package is:
+
+::
+
+    mypackage/
+        __init__.py
+        submodule1.py
+        submodule2.py
+
+
+and the code below is in ``submodule1.py``:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    import submodule2
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from . import submodule2
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    # To make Py2 code safer (more like Py3) by preventing
+    # implicit relative imports, you can also add this to the top:
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+Dictionaries
+------------
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}
+Iterating through ``dict`` keys/values/items
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Iterable dict keys:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    for key in heights.iterkeys():
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    for key in heights:
+        ...
+Iterable dict values:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    for value in heights.itervalues():
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Idiomatic Python 3
+    for value in heights.values():    # extra memory overhead on Py2
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    from builtins import dict
+
+    heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)
+    for key in heights.values():    # efficient on Py2 and Py3
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from future.utils import itervalues
+    # or
+    from six import itervalues
+
+    for key in itervalues(heights):
+        ...
+Iterable dict items:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    for (key, value) in heights.iteritems():
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    for (key, value) in heights.items():    # inefficient on Py2
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from future.utils import viewitems
+
+    for (key, value) in viewitems(heights):   # also behaves like a set
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 3
+    from future.utils import iteritems
+    # or
+    from six import iteritems
+
+    for (key, value) in iteritems(heights):
+        ...
+dict keys/values/items as a list
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+dict keys as a list:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    keylist = heights.keys()
+    assert isinstance(keylist, list)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    keylist = list(heights)
+    assert isinstance(keylist, list)
+dict values as a list:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}
+    valuelist = heights.values()
+    assert isinstance(valuelist, list)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    valuelist = list(heights.values())    # inefficient on Py2
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from builtins import dict
+
+    heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)
+    valuelist = list(heights.values())
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 3
+    from future.utils import listvalues
+
+    valuelist = listvalues(heights)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 4
+    from future.utils import itervalues
+    # or
+    from six import itervalues
+
+    valuelist = list(itervalues(heights))
+dict items as a list:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    itemlist = list(heights.items())    # inefficient on Py2
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from future.utils import listitems
+
+    itemlist = listitems(heights)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 3
+    from future.utils import iteritems
+    # or
+    from six import iteritems
+
+    itemlist = list(iteritems(heights))
+Custom class behaviour
+----------------------
+
+Custom iterators
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def next(self):          # Py2-style
+            return self._iter.next().upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    itr = Upper('hello')
+    assert itr.next() == 'H'     # Py2-style
+    assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    from builtins import object
+
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):      # Py3-style iterator interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()  # builtin next() function calls
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    itr = Upper('hello')
+    assert next(itr) == 'H'      # compatible style
+    assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from future.utils import implements_iterator
+
+    @implements_iterator
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                  # Py3-style iterator interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()  # builtin next() function calls
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    itr = Upper('hello')
+    assert next(itr) == 'H'
+    assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')
+Custom ``__str__`` methods
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    class MyClass(object):
+        def __unicode__(self):
+            return 'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+        def __str__(self):
+            return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
+
+    a = MyClass()
+    print(a)    # prints encoded string
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible
+
+    @python_2_unicode_compatible
+    class MyClass(object):
+        def __str__(self):
+            return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+
+    a = MyClass()
+    print(a)    # prints string encoded as utf-8 on Py2
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+    Unicode string: 孔子
+
+
+Custom ``__nonzero__`` vs ``__bool__`` method:
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    class AllOrNothing(object):
+        def __init__(self, l):
+            self.l = l
+        def __nonzero__(self):
+            return all(self.l)
+
+    container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])
+    assert not bool(container)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from builtins import object
+
+    class AllOrNothing(object):
+        def __init__(self, l):
+            self.l = l
+        def __bool__(self):
+            return all(self.l)
+
+    container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])
+    assert not bool(container)
+Lists versus iterators
+----------------------
+
+xrange
+~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    for i in xrange(10**8):
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible
+    from builtins import range
+    for i in range(10**8):
+        ...
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: backward-compatible
+    from past.builtins import xrange
+    for i in xrange(10**8):
+        ...
+range
+~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    mylist = range(5)
+    assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 1
+    mylist = list(range(5))            # copies memory on Py2
+    assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 2
+    from builtins import range
+
+    mylist = list(range(5))
+    assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 3
+    from future.utils import lrange
+
+    mylist = lrange(5)
+    assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: backward compatible
+    from past.builtins import range
+
+    mylist = range(5)
+    assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+map
+~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)
+    assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    # Idiomatic Py3, but inefficient on Py2
+    mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))
+    assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from builtins import map
+
+    mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))
+    assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 3
+    try:
+        import itertools.imap as map
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))    # inefficient on Py2
+    assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 4
+    from future.utils import lmap
+
+    mynewlist = lmap(f, myoldlist)
+    assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 5
+    from past.builtins import map
+
+    mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)
+    assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]
+imap
+~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from itertools import imap
+
+    myiter = imap(func, myoldlist)
+    assert isinstance(myiter, iter)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    myiter = map(func, myoldlist)
+    assert isinstance(myiter, iter)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    from builtins import map
+
+    myiter = map(func, myoldlist)
+    assert isinstance(myiter, iter)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    try:
+        import itertools.imap as map
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    myiter = map(func, myoldlist)
+    assert isinstance(myiter, iter)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 3
+    from six.moves import map
+
+    myiter = map(func, myoldlist)
+    assert isinstance(myiter, iter)
+
+zip, izip
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+As above with ``zip`` and ``itertools.izip``.
+
+filter, ifilter
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As above with ``filter`` and ``itertools.ifilter`` too.
+
+Other builtins
+--------------
+
+File IO with open()
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    f = open('myfile.txt')
+    data = f.read()              # as a byte string
+    text = data.decode('utf-8')
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from io import open
+    f = open('myfile.txt', 'rb')
+    data = f.read()              # as bytes
+    text = data.decode('utf-8')  # unicode, not bytes
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from io import open
+    f = open('myfile.txt', encoding='utf-8')
+    text = f.read()    # unicode, not bytes
+reduce()
+~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from functools import reduce
+
+    assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5
+raw\_input()
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    name = raw_input('What is your name? ')
+    assert isinstance(name, str)    # native str
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from builtins import input
+
+    name = input('What is your name? ')
+    assert isinstance(name, str)    # native str on Py2 and Py3
+input()
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    input("Type something safe please: ")
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    from builtins import input
+    eval(input("Type something safe please: "))
+Warning: using either of these is **unsafe** with untrusted input.
+
+file()
+~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    f = file(pathname)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    f = open(pathname)
+
+    # But preferably, use this:
+    from io import open
+    f = open(pathname, 'rb')   # if f.read() should return bytes
+    # or
+    f = open(pathname, 'rt')   # if f.read() should return unicode text
+exec
+~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    exec 'x = 10'
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    exec('x = 10')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    g = globals()
+    exec 'x = 10' in g
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    g = globals()
+    exec('x = 10', g)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    l = locals()
+    exec 'x = 10' in g, l
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    exec('x = 10', g, l)
+execfile()
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    execfile('myfile.py')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from past.builtins import execfile
+
+    execfile('myfile.py')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    exec(compile(open('myfile.py').read()))
+
+    # This can sometimes cause this:
+    #     SyntaxError: function ... uses import * and bare exec ...
+    # See https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/37
+unichr()
+~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    assert unichr(8364) == '€'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    assert chr(8364) == '€'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from builtins import chr
+    assert chr(8364) == '€'
+intern()
+~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    intern('mystring')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    from sys import intern
+    intern('mystring')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from past.builtins import intern
+    intern('mystring')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from six.moves import intern
+    intern('mystring')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3
+    from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    install_aliases()
+    from sys import intern
+    intern('mystring')
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    try:
+        from sys import intern
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    intern('mystring')
+apply()
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    args = ('a', 'b')
+    kwargs = {'kwarg1': True}
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    apply(f, args, kwargs)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    f(*args, **kwargs)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from past.builtins import apply
+    apply(f, args, kwargs)
+chr()
+~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    assert chr(64) == b'@'
+    assert chr(200) == b'\xc8'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only: option 1
+    assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'
+    assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\xc8'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 1
+    from builtins import chr
+
+    assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'
+    assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\xc8'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only: option 2
+    assert bytes([64]) == b'@'
+    assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\xc8'
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: option 2
+    from builtins import bytes
+
+    assert bytes([64]) == b'@'
+    assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\xc8'
+cmp()
+~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from past.builtins import cmp
+    assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    cmp = lambda(x, y): (x > y) - (x < y)
+    assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0
+reload()
+~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    reload(mymodule)
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    from imp import reload
+    reload(mymodule)
+Standard library
+----------------
+
+dbm modules
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    import anydbm
+    import whichdb
+    import dbm
+    import dumbdbm
+    import gdbm
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+    import dbm
+    import dbm.ndbm
+    import dbm.dumb
+    import dbm.gnu
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from future.moves import dbm
+    from future.moves.dbm import dumb
+    from future.moves.dbm import ndbm
+    from future.moves.dbm import gnu
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3
+    from six.moves import dbm_gnu
+    # (others not supported)
+commands / subprocess modules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    from commands import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+    from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+StringIO module
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3
+    from io import BytesIO
+    # and refactor StringIO() calls to BytesIO() if passing byte-strings
+http module
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    import httplib
+    import Cookie
+    import cookielib
+    import BaseHTTPServer
+    import SimpleHTTPServer
+    import CGIHttpServer
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    import http.client
+    import http.cookies
+    import http.cookiejar
+    import http.server
+xmlrpc module
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    import DocXMLRPCServer
+    import SimpleXMLRPCServer
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    import xmlrpc.server
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    import xmlrpclib
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    import xmlrpc.client
+html escaping and entities
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3:
+    from cgi import escape
+
+    # Safer (Python 2 and 3, after ``pip install future``):
+    from html import escape
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from htmlentitydefs import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    from html.entities import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint
+html parsing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``)
+    from html.parser import HTMLParser
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (alternative 2):
+    from future.moves.html.parser import HTMLParser
+urllib module
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+``urllib`` is the hardest module to use from Python 2/3 compatible code.
+You might want to switch to Requests (http://python-requests.org) instead.
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from urlparse import urlparse
+    from urllib import urlencode
+    from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
+    from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
+    from urllib.error import HTTPError
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: easiest option
+    from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    install_aliases()
+
+    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
+    from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
+    from urllib.error import HTTPError
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from future.standard_library import hooks
+
+    with hooks():
+        from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
+        from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
+        from urllib.error import HTTPError
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3
+    from future.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
+    from future.moves.urllib.request import urlopen, Request
+    from future.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError
+    # or
+    from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
+    from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
+    from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 4
+    try:
+        from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
+        from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
+        from urllib.error import HTTPError
+    except ImportError:
+        from urlparse import urlparse
+        from urllib import urlencode
+        from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError
+Tkinter
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    import Tkinter
+    import Dialog
+    import FileDialog
+    import ScrolledText
+    import SimpleDialog
+    import Tix
+    import Tkconstants
+    import Tkdnd
+    import tkColorChooser
+    import tkCommonDialog
+    import tkFileDialog
+    import tkFont
+    import tkMessageBox
+    import tkSimpleDialog
+    import ttk
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    import tkinter
+    import tkinter.dialog
+    import tkinter.filedialog
+    import tkinter.scrolledtext
+    import tkinter.simpledialog
+    import tkinter.tix
+    import tkinter.constants
+    import tkinter.dnd
+    import tkinter.colorchooser
+    import tkinter.commondialog
+    import tkinter.filedialog
+    import tkinter.font
+    import tkinter.messagebox
+    import tkinter.simpledialog
+    import tkinter.ttk
+socketserver
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    import SocketServer
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    import socketserver
+copy\_reg, copyreg
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    import copy_reg
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    import copyreg
+configparser
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from ConfigParser import ConfigParser
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install configparser``):
+    from configparser import ConfigParser
+queue
+~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from Queue import Queue, heapq, deque
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    from queue import Queue, heapq, deque
+repr, reprlib
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from repr import aRepr, repr
+
+    # Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):
+    from reprlib import aRepr, repr
+UserDict, UserList, UserString
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from UserDict import UserDict
+    from UserList import UserList
+    from UserString import UserString
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from future.moves.collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from six.moves import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3
+    from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    install_aliases()
+    from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+itertools: filterfalse, zip\_longest
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    # Python 2 only:
+    from itertools import ifilterfalse, izip_longest
+
+    # Python 3 only:
+    from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 1
+    from future.moves.itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 2
+    from six.moves import filterfalse, zip_longest
+
+    # Python 2 and 3: alternative 3
+    from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    install_aliases()
+    from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conf.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd106fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Python-Future documentation build configuration file, created by
+# sphinx-quickstart on Sun Sep 22 07:02:03 2013.
+#
+# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir.
+#
+# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
+# autogenerated file.
+#
+# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
+# serve to show the default.
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+import sys, os
+from future import __version__
+import sphinx_bootstrap_theme
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+#sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+# Was: sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+
+# -- General configuration -----------------------------------------------------
+
+# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
+#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions
+# coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones.
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+              'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
+              'sphinx.ext.ifconfig',
+              'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
+              # 'sphinxcontrib.napoleon'    # see https://sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/
+              # 'sphinx.ext.napoleon'       # use this in Sphinx 1.3+
+             ]
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+
+# The suffix of source filenames.
+source_suffix = '.rst'
+
+# The encoding of source files.
+#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+
+# The master toctree document.
+master_doc = 'index'
+
+# General information about the project.
+project = u'Python-Future'
+copyright = u'2013-2019, Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia'
+
+# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
+# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
+# built documents.
+#
+# if 'dev' in release:
+#     release = release.split('dev')[0] + 'dev'
+# release = '0.12.5-dev'
+# version = release   # was: '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2])
+
+# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
+# for a list of supported languages.
+#language = None
+
+# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
+# non-false value, then it is used:
+#today = ''
+# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
+#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.
+#default_role = None
+
+# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
+#add_function_parentheses = True
+
+# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
+# unit titles (such as .. function::).
+#add_module_names = True
+
+# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
+# output. They are ignored by default.
+#show_authors = False
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+pygments_style = 'sphinx'  # 'futureext.FutureStyle'
+
+# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
+#modindex_common_prefix = []
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+html_theme = 'bootstrap'
+html_theme_path = sphinx_bootstrap_theme.get_html_theme_path()
+
+# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
+# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
+# documentation.
+html_theme_options = {
+    # Navigation bar title. (Default: ``project`` value)
+    #'navbar_title': "Python-Future",
+
+    # Tab name for entire site. (Default: "Site")
+    'navbar_site_name': "Contents",
+
+    # A list of tuples containing pages or urls to link to.
+    # Valid tuples should be in the following forms:
+    #    (name, page)                 # a link to a page
+    #    (name, "/aa/bb", 1)          # a link to an arbitrary relative url
+    #    (name, "http://example.com", True) # arbitrary absolute url
+    # Note the "1" or "True" value above as the third argument to indicate
+    # an arbitrary url.
+    'navbar_links': [
+        ("Overview", "overview"),
+        ("Cheat Sheet", "compatible_idioms.html", True),
+        ("FAQ", "faq.html", True),
+        # ("Link", "http://example.com", True),
+    ],
+
+    # Render the next and previous page links in navbar. (Default: true)
+    'navbar_sidebarrel': False,
+
+    # Render the current pages TOC in the navbar. (Default: true)
+    'navbar_pagenav': True,
+
+    # Global TOC depth for "site" navbar tab. (Default: 1)
+    # Switching to -1 shows all levels.
+    'globaltoc_depth': 3,
+
+    # Include hidden TOCs in Site navbar?
+    #
+    # Note: If this is "false", you cannot have mixed ``:hidden:`` and
+    # non-hidden ``toctree`` directives in the same page, or else the build
+    # will break.
+    #
+    # Values: "true" (default) or "false"
+    'globaltoc_includehidden': "true",
+
+    # HTML navbar class (Default: "navbar") to attach to <div> element.
+    # For black navbar, do "navbar navbar-inverse"
+    'navbar_class': "navbar navbar-inverse",
+
+    # Fix navigation bar to top of page?
+    # Values: "true" (default) or "false"
+    'navbar_fixed_top': "true",
+
+    # Location of link to source.
+    # Options are "nav" (default), "footer" or anything else to exclude.
+    'source_link_position': "none",
+
+    # Bootswatch (http://bootswatch.com/) theme.
+    #
+    # Options are nothing with "" (default) or the name of a valid theme
+    # such as "amelia" or "cosmo" or "united".
+    'bootswatch_theme': "cerulean",
+
+    # Choose Bootstrap version.
+    # Values: "3" (default) or "2" (in quotes)
+    'bootstrap_version': "3",
+}
+
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
+#html_theme_path = []
+
+# The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
+# "<project> v<release> documentation".
+#html_title = None
+
+# A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
+#html_short_title = None
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
+# of the sidebar.
+html_logo = '_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png'
+
+# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
+# docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
+# pixels large.
+html_favicon = "_static/python-future-icon-32.ico"
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ['_static']
+
+# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
+# using the given strftime format.
+#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+
+# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
+# typographically correct entities.
+#html_use_smartypants = True
+
+# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
+html_sidebars = {
+    '**':    ['sidebarintro.html',
+              'sidebartoc.html',
+              # 'sourcelink.html',
+              #'searchbox.html',
+             ]
+    # '**':       ['sidebarlogo.html', 'localtoc.html', 'relations.html', 'sourcelink.html', 'searchbox.html']
+}
+
+# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
+# template names.
+#html_additional_pages = {}
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#html_domain_indices = True
+
+# If false, no index is generated.
+#html_use_index = True
+
+# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
+#html_split_index = False
+
+# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
+html_show_sourcelink = False
+
+# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+html_show_sphinx = False
+
+# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+#html_show_copyright = True
+
+# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
+# contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
+# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
+#html_use_opensearch = ''
+
+# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
+#html_file_suffix = None
+
+# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
+htmlhelp_basename = 'Futuredoc'
+
+
+# -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------------
+
+latex_elements = {
+# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+'papersize': 'a4paper',
+
+# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+'pointsize': '12pt',
+
+# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+#'preamble': r'''
+#\usepackage{futurestyle}
+#''',
+
+# 'fontpkg':  r'\usepackage{mathpazo}',
+}
+
+# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
+latex_documents = [
+  ('index', 'Python-Future.tex', u'Python-Future Documentation',
+   u'Python Charmers', 'manual'),
+]
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
+# the title page.
+#latex_logo = None
+
+# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
+# not chapters.
+latex_use_parts = True
+
+# latex_additional_files = ['futurestyle.sty', 'logo.pdf']
+
+# If true, show page references after internal links.
+#latex_show_pagerefs = False
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+#latex_show_urls = False
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+#latex_appendices = []
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#latex_domain_indices = True
+
+
+# -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------------
+
+# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
+# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
+man_pages = [
+    ('index', 'python-future', u'Python-Future Documentation',
+     [u'Python Charmers'], 1)
+]
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+#man_show_urls = False
+
+
+# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------
+
+# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title, author,
+#  dir menu entry, description, category)
+texinfo_documents = [
+  ('index', 'Python-Future', u'Python-Future Documentation',
+   u'Python Charmers', 'Python-Future', 'Easy compatibility for Python 2 and 3',
+   'Miscellaneous'),
+]
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+#texinfo_appendices = []
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#texinfo_domain_indices = True
+
+# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
+#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+
+
+# Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
+intersphinx_mapping = {'http://docs.python.org/': None}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/contents.rst.inc b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/contents.rst.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c9bbf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/contents.rst.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Contents:
+---------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   whatsnew
+   overview
+   quickstart
+   compatible_idioms
+   imports
+   what_else
+   automatic_conversion
+   faq
+   stdlib_incompatibilities
+   older_interfaces
+   changelog
+   credits
+   reference
+
+Indices and tables
+------------------
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conversion_limitations.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conversion_limitations.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2b1530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/conversion_limitations.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+.. _futurize-limitations:
+
+Known limitations
+-----------------
+
+``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` are useful to automate much of the
+work of porting, particularly the boring repetitive text substitutions. They also
+help to flag which parts of the code require attention.
+
+Nevertheless, ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` are still incomplete and make
+some mistakes, like 2to3, on which they are based. Please report bugs on
+`GitHub <https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/>`_. Contributions to
+the ``lib2to3``-based fixers for ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` are
+particularly welcome! Please see :ref:`contributing`.
+
+``futurize`` doesn't currently make the following change automatically:
+
+1. Strings containing ``\U`` produce a ``SyntaxError`` on Python 3. An example is::
+
+       s = 'C:\Users'.
+
+   Python 2 expands this to ``s = 'C:\\Users'``, but Python 3 requires a raw
+   prefix (``r'...'``). This also applies to multi-line strings (including
+   multi-line docstrings).
+
+Also see the tests in ``future/tests/test_futurize.py`` marked
+``@expectedFailure`` or ``@skip`` for known limitations.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/credits.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/credits.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..275e148
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/credits.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+Licensing and credits
+=====================
+
+.. _licence:
+
+Licence
+-------
+The software is distributed under an MIT licence. The text is as follows
+(from ``LICENSE.txt``)::
+
+    Copyright (c) 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+    THE SOFTWARE.
+
+.. _sponsor:
+
+Sponsors
+--------
+Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia, and Python Charmers Pte Ltd, Singapore.
+http://pythoncharmers.com
+
+Pinterest https://opensource.pinterest.com/
+
+.. _authors:
+
+Maintainer
+----------
+Python-Future is currently maintained by Jordan M. Adler <jordan.m.adler@gmail.com>.
+
+Authors
+-------
+Python-Future is largely written by Ed Schofield <ed@pythoncharmers.com> with the help of various contributors:
+
+- Jordan Adler
+- Jeroen Akkerman
+- Kyle Altendorf
+- Grant Bakker
+- Jacob Beck
+- Fumihiro (Ben) Bessho
+- Shiva Bhusal
+- Nate Bogdanowicz
+- Tomer Chachamu
+- Christian Clauss
+- Denis Cornehl
+- Nicolas Delaby
+- Chad Dombrova
+- Jon Dufresne
+- Corey Farwell
+- Eric Firing
+- Joe Gordon
+- Maximilian Hils
+- Miro Hrončok
+- Mark Huang
+- Martijn Jacobs
+- Michael Joseph
+- Waldemar Kornewald
+- Alexey Kotlyarov
+- Steve Kowalik
+- Lion Krischer
+- Marcin Kuzminski
+- Joshua Landau
+- German Larrain
+- Chris Lasher
+- ghanshyam lele
+- Calum Lind
+- Tobias Megies
+- Anika Mukherji
+- Jon Parise
+- Matthew Parnell
+- Tom Picton
+- Miga Purg
+- Éloi Rivard
+- Sesh Sadasivam
+- Elliott Sales de Andrade
+- Aiden Scandella
+- Yury Selivanov
+- Tim Shaffer
+- Sameera Somisetty
+- Louis Sautier
+- Gregory P. Smith
+- Chase Sterling
+- Daniel Szoska
+- Flaviu Tamas
+- Jeff Tratner
+- Tim Tröndle
+- Brad Walker
+- Andrew Wason
+- Jeff Widman
+- Dan Yeaw
+- Hackalog (GitHub user)
+- lsm (GiHub user)
+- Mystic-Mirage (GitHub user)
+- str4d (GitHub user)
+- ucodery (GitHub user)
+- urain39 (GitHub user)
+- 9seconds (GitHub user)
+- Varriount (GitHub user)
+
+Suggestions and Feedback
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Chris Adams
+- Martijn Faassen
+- Joe Gordon
+- Lion Krischer
+- Danielle Madeley
+- Val Markovic
+- wluebbe (GitHub user)
+
+
+Other Credits
+-------------
+
+- The backported ``super()`` and ``range()`` functions are derived from Ryan
+  Kelly's ``magicsuper`` module and Dan Crosta's ``xrange`` module.
+
+- The ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` scripts use ``lib2to3``, ``lib3to2``, and
+  parts of Armin Ronacher's ``python-modernize`` code.
+
+- The ``python_2_unicode_compatible`` decorator is from Django. The
+  ``implements_iterator`` and ``with_metaclass`` decorators are from Jinja2.
+
+- The ``exec_`` function and some others in ``future.utils`` are from the
+  ``six`` module by Benjamin Peterson.
+
+- The ``raise_`` and ``raise_with_traceback`` functions were contributed by
+  Jeff Tratner.
+
+- A working version of ``raise_from`` was contributed by Varriount (GitHub).
+
+- Documentation is generated with `Sphinx <http://sphinx.pocoo.org>`_ using the
+  ``sphinx-bootstrap`` theme.
+
+- ``past.translation`` is inspired by and borrows some code from Sanjay Vinip's
+  ``uprefix`` module.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_iterators.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_iterators.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ff389a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_iterators.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+.. _custom-iterators:
+
+Custom iterators
+----------------
+
+If you define your own iterators, there is an incompatibility in the method name
+to retrieve the next item across Py3 and Py2. On Python 3 it is ``__next__``,
+whereas on Python 2 it is ``next``.
+
+The most elegant solution to this is to derive your custom iterator class from
+``builtins.object`` and define a ``__next__`` method as you normally
+would on Python 3. On Python 2, ``object`` then refers to the
+``future.types.newobject`` base class, which provides a fallback ``next``
+method that calls your ``__next__``. Use it as follows::
+
+    from builtins import object
+
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                 # Py3-style iterator interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    itr = Upper('hello')
+    assert next(itr) == 'H'
+    assert next(itr) == 'E'
+    assert list(itr) == list('LLO')
+
+
+You can use this approach unless you are defining a custom iterator as a
+subclass of a base class defined elsewhere that does not derive from
+``newobject``.  In that case, you can provide compatibility across
+Python 2 and Python 3 using the ``next`` function from ``future.builtins``::
+
+    from builtins import next
+
+    from some_module import some_base_class
+
+    class Upper2(some_base_class):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                 # Py3-style iterator interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    itr2 = Upper2('hello')
+    assert next(itr2) == 'H'
+    assert next(itr2) == 'E'
+
+``next()`` also works with regular Python 2 iterators with a ``.next`` method::
+
+    itr3 = iter(['one', 'three', 'five'])
+    assert 'next' in dir(itr3)
+    assert next(itr3) == 'one'
+
+This approach is feasible whenever your code calls the ``next()`` function
+explicitly. If you consume the iterator implicitly in a ``for`` loop or
+``list()`` call or by some other means, the ``future.builtins.next`` function
+will not help; the third assertion below would fail on Python 2::
+
+    itr2 = Upper2('hello')
+
+    assert next(itr2) == 'H'
+    assert next(itr2) == 'E'
+    assert list(itr2) == list('LLO')      # fails because Py2 implicitly looks
+                                          # for a ``next`` method.
+
+Instead, you can use a decorator called ``implements_iterator`` from
+``future.utils`` to allow Py3-style iterators to work identically on Py2, even
+if they don't inherit from ``future.builtins.object``. Use it as follows::
+
+    from future.utils import implements_iterator
+
+    Upper2 = implements_iterator(Upper2)
+
+    print(list(Upper2('hello')))
+    # prints ['H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O']
+
+This can of course also be used with the ``@`` decorator syntax when defining
+the iterator as follows::
+
+    @implements_iterator
+    class Upper2(some_base_class):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+On Python 3, as usual, this decorator does nothing.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_str_methods.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_str_methods.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12c3c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/custom_str_methods.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+.. _custom-str-methods:
+
+Custom __str__ methods
+----------------------
+
+If you define a custom ``__str__`` method for any of your classes,
+functions like ``print()`` expect ``__str__`` on Py2 to return a byte
+string, whereas on Py3 they expect a (unicode) string.
+
+Use the following decorator to map the ``__str__`` to ``__unicode__`` on
+Py2 and define ``__str__`` to encode it as utf-8::
+
+    from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible
+
+    @python_2_unicode_compatible
+    class MyClass(object):
+        def __str__(self):
+            return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+    a = MyClass()
+
+    # This then prints the name of a Chinese philosopher:
+    print(a)
+
+This decorator is identical to the decorator of the same name in
+:mod:`django.utils.encoding`.
+
+This decorator is a no-op on Python 3.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dev_notes.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dev_notes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6985bca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dev_notes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Notes
+-----
+This module only supports Python 2.7, and Python 3.4+.
+
+The following renames are already supported on Python 2.7 without any
+additional work from us::
+
+    reload() -> imp.reload()
+    reduce() -> functools.reduce()
+    StringIO.StringIO -> io.StringIO
+    Bytes.BytesIO -> io.BytesIO
+
+Old things that can one day be fixed automatically by futurize.py::
+
+  string.uppercase -> string.ascii_uppercase   # works on either Py2.7 or Py3+
+  sys.maxint -> sys.maxsize      # but this isn't identical
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/development.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/development.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a12f2ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/development.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.. developer-docs
+
+Developer docs
+==============
+
+The easiest way to start developing ``python-future`` is as follows:
+
+1. Install Anaconda Python distribution
+
+2. Run::
+
+    conda install -n future2 python=2.7 pip
+    conda install -n future3 python=3.4 pip
+
+    git clone https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future
+
+3. If you are using Anaconda Python distribution, this comes without a ``test``
+module on Python 2.x. Copy ``Python-2.7.6/Lib/test`` from the Python source tree
+to ``~/anaconda/envs/yourenvname/lib/python2.7/site-packages/`.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dict_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dict_object.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..165cf76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/dict_object.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+.. _dict-object:
+
+dict
+----
+
+Python 3 dictionaries have ``.keys()``, ``.values()``, and ``.items()``
+methods which return memory-efficient set-like iterator objects, not lists.
+(See `PEP 3106 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3106/>`_.)
+
+If your dictionaries are small, performance is not critical, and you don't need
+the set-like behaviour of iterator objects from Python 3, you can of course
+stick with standard Python 3 code in your Py2/3 compatible codebase::
+
+    # Assuming d is a native dict ...
+
+    for key in d:
+        # code here
+
+    for item in d.items():
+        # code here
+
+    for value in d.values():
+        # code here
+
+In this case there will be memory overhead of list creation on Py2 for each
+call to ``items``, ``values`` or ``keys``.
+
+For improved efficiency, ``future.builtins`` (aliased to ``builtins``) provides
+a Python 2 ``dict`` subclass whose :func:`keys`, :func:`values`, and
+:func:`items` methods return iterators on all versions of Python >= 2.7. On
+Python 2.7, these iterators also have the same set-like view behaviour as
+dictionaries in Python 3. This can streamline code that iterates over large
+dictionaries. For example::
+
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from builtins import dict, range
+
+    # Memory-efficient construction:
+    d = dict((i, i**2) for i in range(10**7))
+
+    assert not isinstance(d.items(), list)
+
+    # Because items() is memory-efficient, so is this:
+    d2 = dict((v, k) for (k, v) in d.items())
+
+As usual, on Python 3 ``dict`` imported from either ``builtins`` or
+``future.builtins`` is just the built-in ``dict`` class.
+
+
+Memory-efficiency and alternatives
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you already have large native dictionaries, the downside to wrapping them in
+a ``dict`` call is that memory is copied (on both Py3 and on Py2). For
+example::
+
+    # This allocates and then frees a large amount of temporary memory:
+    d = dict({i: i**2 for i in range(10**7)})
+
+If dictionary methods like ``values`` and ``items`` are called only once, this
+obviously negates the memory benefits offered by the overridden methods through
+not creating temporary lists.
+
+The memory-efficient (and CPU-efficient) alternatives are:
+
+- to construct a dictionary from an iterator. The above line could use a
+  generator like this::
+
+      d = dict((i, i**2) for i in range(10**7))
+
+- to construct an empty dictionary with a ``dict()`` call using
+  ``builtins.dict`` (rather than ``{}``) and then update it;
+
+- to use the ``viewitems`` etc. functions from :mod:`future.utils`, passing in
+  regular dictionaries::
+
+    from future.utils import viewkeys, viewvalues, viewitems
+
+    for (key, value) in viewitems(hugedictionary):
+        # some code here
+
+    # Set intersection:
+    d = {i**2: i for i in range(1000)}
+    both = viewkeys(d) & set(range(0, 1000, 7))
+
+    # Set union:
+    both = viewvalues(d1) | viewvalues(d2)
+
+For compatibility, the functions ``iteritems`` etc. are also available in
+:mod:`future.utils`. These are equivalent to the functions of the same names in
+``six``, which is equivalent to calling the ``iteritems`` etc. methods on
+Python 2, or to calling ``items`` etc. on Python 3.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/faq.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/faq.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b1eab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/faq.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
+********************************
+
+Who is this for?
+================
+
+1. People with existing or new Python 3 codebases who wish to provide
+ongoing Python 2.7 support easily and with little maintenance burden.
+
+2. People who wish to ease and accelerate migration of their Python 2 codebases
+to Python 3.4+, module by module, without giving up Python 2 compatibility.
+
+
+Why upgrade to Python 3?
+========================
+
+.. epigraph::
+
+   "Python 2 is the next COBOL."
+
+   -- Alex Gaynor, at PyCon AU 2013
+
+Python 2.7 is the end of the Python 2 line. (See `PEP 404
+<http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0404/>`_.) The language and standard
+libraries are improving only in Python 3.x.
+
+Python 3.x is a better language and better set of standard libraries than
+Python 2.x in many ways. Python 3.x is cleaner, less warty, and easier to
+learn than Python 2. It has better memory efficiency, easier Unicode handling,
+and powerful new features like the `asyncio
+<https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html>`_ module.
+
+.. Unicode handling is also much easier. For example, see `this page
+.. <http://pythonhosted.org/kitchen/unicode-frustrations.html>`_
+.. describing some of the problems with handling Unicode on Python 2 that
+.. Python 3 mostly solves.
+
+
+Porting philosophy
+==================
+
+Why write Python 3-style code?
+------------------------------
+
+Here are some quotes:
+
+- "Django's developers have found that attempting to write Python 3 code
+  that's compatible with Python 2 is much more rewarding than the
+  opposite." from the `Django docs
+  <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/python3/>`_.
+
+- "Thanks to Python 3 being more strict about things than Python 2 (e.g.,
+  bytes vs. strings), the source translation [from Python 3 to 2] can be
+  easier and more straightforward than from Python 2 to 3. Plus it gives
+  you more direct experience developing in Python 3 which, since it is
+  the future of Python, is a good thing long-term." from the official
+  guide `"Porting Python 2 Code to Python 3"
+  <http://docs.python.org/2/howto/pyporting.html>`_ by Brett Cannon.
+
+- "Developer energy should be reserved for addressing real technical
+  difficulties associated with the Python 3 transition (like
+  distinguishing their 8-bit text strings from their binary data). They
+  shouldn't be punished with additional code changes ..." from `PEP 414
+  <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0414/>`_ by Armin Ronacher and Nick
+  Coghlan.
+
+
+Can't I just roll my own Py2/3 compatibility layer?
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+Yes, but using ``python-future`` will probably be easier and lead to cleaner
+code with fewer bugs.
+
+Consider this quote:
+
+.. epigraph::
+
+   "Duplication of effort is wasteful, and replacing the various
+   home-grown approaches with a standard feature usually ends up making
+   things more readable, and interoperable as well."
+
+   -- Guido van Rossum (`blog post <http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=86641>`_)
+
+
+``future`` also includes various Py2/3 compatibility tools in
+:mod:`future.utils` picked from large projects (including IPython,
+Django, Jinja2, Pandas), which should reduce the burden on every project to
+roll its own py3k compatibility wrapper module.
+
+
+What inspired this project?
+---------------------------
+
+In our Python training courses, we at `Python Charmers
+<http://pythoncharmers.com>`_ faced a dilemma: teach people Python 3, which was
+future-proof but not as useful to them today because of weaker 3rd-party
+package support, or teach people Python 2, which was more useful today but
+would require them to change their code and unlearn various habits soon. We
+searched for ways to avoid polluting the world with more deprecated code, but
+didn't find a good way.
+
+Also, in attempting to help with porting packages such as `scikit-learn
+<http://scikit-learn.org>`_ to Python 3, I (Ed) was dissatisfied with how much
+code cruft was necessary to introduce to support Python 2 and 3 from a single
+codebase (the preferred porting option). Since backward-compatibility with
+Python 2 may be necessary for at least the next 5 years, one of the promised
+benefits of Python 3 -- cleaner code with fewer of Python 2's warts -- was
+difficult to realize before in practice in a single codebase that supported
+both platforms.
+
+The goal is to accelerate the uptake of Python 3 and help the strong Python
+community to remain united around a single version of the language.
+
+
+Maturity
+========
+
+How well has it been tested?
+----------------------------
+
+``future`` is used by several major projects, including `mezzanine
+<http://mezzanine.jupo.org>`_ and `ObsPy <http://www.obspy.org>`_. It is also
+currently being used to help with porting 800,000 lines of Python 2 code in
+`Sage <http://sagemath.org>`_ to Python 2/3.
+
+Currently ``python-future`` has over 1000 unit tests. Many of these are straight
+from the Python 3.3 and 3.4 test suites.
+
+In general, the ``future`` package itself is in good shape, whereas the
+``futurize`` script for automatic porting is imperfect; chances are it will
+require some manual cleanup afterwards. The ``past`` package also needs to be
+expanded.
+
+
+Is the API stable?
+------------------
+
+Not yet; ``future`` is still in beta. Where possible, we will try not to break
+anything which was documented and used to work.  After version 1.0 is released,
+the API will not change in backward-incompatible ways until a hypothetical
+version 2.0.
+
+..
+    Are there any example of Python 2 packages ported to Python 3 using ``future`` and ``futurize``?
+    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    Yes, an example is the port of ``xlwt``, available `here
+    <https://github.com/python-excel/xlwt/pull/32>`_.
+
+    The code also contains backports for several Py3 standard library
+    modules under ``future/standard_library/``.
+
+
+Relationship between python-future and other compatibility tools
+================================================================
+
+How does this relate to ``2to3``?
+---------------------------------
+
+``2to3`` is a powerful and flexible tool that can produce different
+styles of Python 3 code. It is, however, primarily designed for one-way
+porting efforts, for projects that can leave behind Python 2 support.
+
+The example at the top of the `2to3 docs
+<http://docs.python.org/2/library/2to3.html>`_ demonstrates this.  After
+transformation by ``2to3``, ``example.py`` looks like this::
+
+    def greet(name):
+        print("Hello, {0}!".format(name))
+    print("What's your name?")
+    name = input()
+    greet(name)
+
+This is Python 3 code that, although syntactically valid on Python 2,
+is semantically incorrect. On Python 2, it raises an exception for
+most inputs; worse, it allows arbitrary code execution by the user
+for specially crafted inputs because of the ``eval()`` executed by Python
+2's ``input()`` function.
+
+This is not an isolated example; almost every output of ``2to3`` will need
+modification to provide backward compatibility with Python 2. As an
+alternative, the ``python-future`` project provides a script called
+``futurize`` that is based on ``lib2to3`` but will produce code that is
+compatible with both platforms (Py2 and Py3).
+
+
+Can I maintain a Python 2 codebase and use 2to3 to automatically convert to Python 3 in the setup script?
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This was originally the approach recommended by Python's core developers,
+but it has some large drawbacks:
+
+1. First, your actual working codebase will be stuck with Python 2's
+warts and smaller feature set for as long as you need to retain Python 2
+compatibility. This may be at least 5 years for many projects, possibly
+much longer.
+
+2. Second, this approach carries the significant disadvantage that you
+cannot apply patches submitted by Python 3 users against the
+auto-generated Python 3 code. (See `this talk
+<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNZ4OVO2Z_E>`_ by Jacob Kaplan-Moss.)
+
+
+What is the relationship between ``future`` and ``six``?
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+``python-future`` is a higher-level compatibility layer than ``six`` that
+includes more backported functionality from Python 3, more forward-ported
+functionality from Python 2, and supports cleaner code, but requires more
+modern Python versions to run.
+
+``python-future`` and ``six`` share the same goal of making it possible to write
+a single-source codebase that works on both Python 2 and Python 3.
+``python-future`` has the further goal of allowing standard Py3 code to run with
+almost no modification on both Py3 and Py2. ``future`` provides a more
+complete set of support for Python 3's features, including backports of
+Python 3 builtins such as the ``bytes`` object (which is very different
+to Python 2's ``str`` object) and several standard library modules.
+
+``python-future`` supports only Python 2.7+ and Python 3.4+, whereas ``six``
+supports all versions of Python from 2.4 onwards. (See
+:ref:`supported-versions`.) If you must support older Python versions,
+``six`` will be essential for you. However, beware that maintaining
+single-source compatibility with older Python versions is ugly and `not
+fun <http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2013/5/21/porting-to-python-3-redux/>`_.
+
+If you can drop support for older Python versions, ``python-future`` leverages
+some important features introduced into Python 2.7, such as
+import hooks, and a comprehensive and well-tested set of backported
+functionality, to allow you to write more idiomatic, maintainable code with
+fewer compatibility hacks.
+
+
+What is the relationship between ``python-future`` and ``python-modernize``?
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+``python-future`` contains, in addition to the ``future`` compatibility
+package, a ``futurize`` script that is similar to ``python-modernize.py``
+in intent and design. Both are based heavily on ``2to3``.
+
+Whereas ``python-modernize`` converts Py2 code into a common subset of
+Python 2 and 3, with ``six`` as a run-time dependency, ``futurize``
+converts either Py2 or Py3 code into (almost) standard Python 3 code,
+with ``future`` as a run-time dependency.
+
+Because ``future`` provides more backported Py3 behaviours from ``six``,
+the code resulting from ``futurize`` is more likely to work
+identically on both Py3 and Py2 with less additional manual porting
+effort.
+
+
+Platform and version support
+============================
+
+.. _supported-versions:
+
+Which versions of Python does ``python-future`` support?
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+Python 2.7, and 3.4+ only.
+
+Python 2.7 introduced many important forward-compatibility
+features (such as import hooks, ``b'...'`` literals and ``__future__``
+definitions) that greatly reduce the maintenance burden for single-source
+Py2/3 compatible code. ``future`` leverages these features and aims to
+close the remaining gap between Python 3 and 2.7.
+
+
+Do you support Pypy?
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Yes, except for the standard library import hooks (currently). Feedback
+and pull requests are welcome!
+
+
+Do you support IronPython and/or Jython?
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Not sure. This would be nice...
+
+
+.. _support:
+
+Support
+=======
+
+Is there a mailing list?
+------------------------
+
+Yes, please ask any questions on the `python-porting
+<https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-porting>`_ mailing list.
+
+
+.. _contributing:
+
+Contributing
+============
+
+Can I help?
+-----------
+
+Yes please :) We welcome bug reports, additional tests, pull requests,
+and stories of either success or failure with using it. Help with the fixers
+for the ``futurize`` script is particularly welcome.
+
+
+Where is the repo?
+------------------
+
+`<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/func_annotations.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/func_annotations.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a298f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/func_annotations.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+.. _func_annotations:
+
+Function annotations
+====================
+
+Function annotations are a piece of syntax introduced in Python 3.0 that was
+not backported to Python 2.x. (See PEP 3107:
+http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3107/). They cause Python 2 to raise a
+SyntaxError.
+
+To rewrite Python 3 code with function annotations to be compatible with both
+Python 3 and Python 2, you can replace the annotation syntax with a dictionary
+called ``__annotations__`` as an attribute on your functions. For example, code
+such as this::
+
+    def _parse(self, filename: str, dir='.') -> list:
+        pass
+
+can be re-expressed like this::
+
+    def _parse(self, filename, dir='.'):
+        pass
+    _parse.__annotations__ = {'filename': str, 'return': list}
+
+As described in PEP 3107, the annotation for a function's return value
+corresponds to the ``'return'`` key in the dictionary.
+
+(Note that PEP 3107 describes annotations as belonging to a
+``func_annotations`` attribute. This attribute was renamed in Python 3.2 to
+``__annotations__``.)
+
+Be aware that some libraries that consume function annotations, such as
+`Reticulated <https://github.com/mvitousek/reticulated>`_, have their own
+semantics for supporting earlier Python versions, such as decorators. If you
+are using such a library, please use its own mechanism for providing
+compatibility with earlier Python versions, rather than the generic equivalent
+above.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/future-builtins.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/future-builtins.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df8ff79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/future-builtins.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.. _future-builtins:
+
+``future.builtins``
+===================
+
+The ``future.builtins`` module is also accessible as ``builtins`` on Py2.
+
+- ``pow()`` supports fractional exponents of negative numbers like in Py3::
+
+    >>> from builtins import pow
+    >>> pow(-1, 0.5)
+    (6.123233995736766e-17+1j)
+
+- ``round()`` uses Banker's Rounding as in Py3 to the nearest even last digit::
+
+    >>> from builtins import round
+    >>> assert round(0.1250, 2) == 0.12
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futureext.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futureext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23471a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futureext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    Python-Future Documentation Extensions
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Support for automatically documenting filters and tests.
+
+    Based on the Jinja2 documentation extensions.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2008 by Armin Ronacher.
+    :license: BSD.
+"""
+import collections
+import os
+import re
+import inspect
+from itertools import islice
+from types import BuiltinFunctionType
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import prepare_docstring
+from sphinx.application import TemplateBridge
+from pygments.style import Style
+from pygments.token import Keyword, Name, Comment, String, Error, \
+     Number, Operator, Generic
+
+
+def parse_rst(state, content_offset, doc):
+    node = nodes.section()
+    # hack around title style bookkeeping
+    surrounding_title_styles = state.memo.title_styles
+    surrounding_section_level = state.memo.section_level
+    state.memo.title_styles = []
+    state.memo.section_level = 0
+    state.nested_parse(doc, content_offset, node, match_titles=1)
+    state.memo.title_styles = surrounding_title_styles
+    state.memo.section_level = surrounding_section_level
+    return node.children
+
+
+class FutureStyle(Style):
+    title = 'Future Style'
+    default_style = ""
+    styles = {
+        Comment:                    'italic #0B6A94',  # was: #0066ff',
+        Comment.Preproc:            'noitalic #B11414',
+        Comment.Special:            'italic #505050',
+
+        Keyword:                    'bold #D15E27',
+        Keyword.Type:               '#D15E27',
+
+        Operator.Word:              'bold #B80000',
+
+        Name.Builtin:               '#333333',
+        Name.Function:              '#333333',
+        Name.Class:                 'bold #333333',
+        Name.Namespace:             'bold #333333',
+        Name.Entity:                'bold #363636',
+        Name.Attribute:             '#686868',
+        Name.Tag:                   'bold #686868',
+        Name.Decorator:             '#686868',
+
+        String:                     '#AA891C',
+        Number:                     '#444444',
+
+        Generic.Heading:            'bold #000080',
+        Generic.Subheading:         'bold #800080',
+        Generic.Deleted:            '#aa0000',
+        Generic.Inserted:           '#00aa00',
+        Generic.Error:              '#aa0000',
+        Generic.Emph:               'italic',
+        Generic.Strong:             'bold',
+        Generic.Prompt:             '#555555',
+        Generic.Output:             '#888888',
+        Generic.Traceback:          '#aa0000',
+
+        Error:                      '#F00 bg:#FAA'
+    }
+
+def setup(app):
+    pass
+    # uncomment for inline toc.  links are broken unfortunately
+    ##app.connect('doctree-resolved', inject_toc)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11520a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+.. _forwards-conversion:
+
+``futurize``: Py2 to Py2/3
+--------------------------
+
+.. include:: futurize_overview.rst
+
+
+.. _forwards-conversion-stage1:
+
+Stage 1: "safe" fixes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Run the first stage of the conversion process with::
+
+	futurize --stage1 mypackage/*.py
+
+or, if you are using zsh, recursively::
+
+    futurize --stage1 mypackage/**/*.py
+
+This applies fixes that modernize Python 2 code without changing the effect of
+the code. With luck, this will not introduce any bugs into the code, or will at
+least be trivial to fix. The changes are those that bring the Python code
+up-to-date without breaking Py2 compatibility. The resulting code will be
+modern Python 2.7-compatible code plus ``__future__`` imports from the
+following set:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from __future__ import division
+    from __future__ import print_function
+
+Only those ``__future__`` imports deemed necessary will be added unless
+the ``--all-imports`` command-line option is passed to ``futurize``, in
+which case they are all added.
+
+The ``from __future__ import unicode_literals`` declaration is not added
+unless the ``--unicode-literals`` flag is passed to ``futurize``.
+
+The changes include::
+
+    - except MyException, e:
+    + except MyException as e:
+
+    - print >>stderr, "Blah"
+    + from __future__ import print_function
+    + print("Blah", stderr)
+
+    - class MyClass:
+    + class MyClass(object):
+
+    - def next(self):
+    + def __next__(self):
+
+    - if d.has_key(key):
+    + if key in d:
+
+Implicit relative imports fixed, e.g.::
+
+    - import mymodule
+    + from __future__ import absolute_import
+    + from . import mymodule
+
+.. and all unprefixed string literals '...' gain a b prefix to be b'...'.
+
+.. (This last step can be prevented using --no-bytes-literals if you already have b'...' markup in your code, whose meaning would otherwise be lost.)
+
+Stage 1 does not add any imports from the ``future`` package. The output of
+stage 1 will probably not (yet) run on Python 3.
+
+The goal for this stage is to create most of the ``diff`` for the entire
+porting process, but without introducing any bugs. It should be uncontroversial
+and safe to apply to every Python 2 package. The subsequent patches introducing
+Python 3 compatibility should then be shorter and easier to review.
+
+The complete set of fixers applied by ``futurize --stage1`` is:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_apply
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_except
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_exec
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_exitfunc
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_funcattrs
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_has_key
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_idioms
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_intern
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_isinstance
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_methodattrs
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_ne
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_numliterals
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_paren
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_reduce
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_renames
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_repr
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_standarderror
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_sys_exc
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_throw
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_tuple_params
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_types
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_ws_comma
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_xreadlines
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_absolute_import
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_next_call
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_print_with_import
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_raise
+
+The following fixers from ``lib2to3`` are not applied:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_import
+
+The ``fix_absolute_import`` fixer in ``libfuturize.fixes`` is applied instead of
+``lib2to3.fixes.fix_import``. The new fixer both makes implicit relative
+imports explicit and adds the declaration ``from __future__ import
+absolute_import`` at the top of each relevant module.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_next
+
+The ``fix_next_call`` fixer in ``libfuturize.fixes`` is applied instead of
+``fix_next`` in stage 1. The new fixer changes any ``obj.next()`` calls to
+``next(obj)``, which is Py2/3 compatible, but doesn't change any ``next`` method
+names to ``__next__``, which would break Py2 compatibility.
+
+``fix_next`` is applied in stage 2.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_print
+
+The ``fix_print_with_import`` fixer in ``libfuturize.fixes`` changes the code to
+use print as a function and also adds ``from __future__ import
+print_function`` to the top of modules using ``print()``.
+
+In addition, it avoids adding an extra set of parentheses if these already
+exist. So ``print(x)`` does not become ``print((x))``.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_raise
+
+This fixer translates code to use the Python 3-only ``with_traceback()``
+method on exceptions.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_set_literal
+
+This converts ``set([1, 2, 3]``) to ``{1, 2, 3}``.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_ws_comma
+
+This performs cosmetic changes. This is not applied by default because it
+does not serve to improve Python 2/3 compatibility. (In some cases it may
+also reduce readability: see issue #58.)
+
+
+
+.. _forwards-conversion-stage2:
+
+Stage 2: Py3-style code with wrappers for Py2
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Run stage 2 of the conversion process with::
+
+    futurize --stage2 myfolder/*.py
+
+This stage adds a dependency on the ``future`` package. The goal for stage 2 is
+to make further mostly safe changes to the Python 2 code to use Python 3-style
+code that then still runs on Python 2 with the help of the appropriate builtins
+and utilities in ``future``.
+
+For example::
+
+    name = raw_input('What is your name?\n')
+
+    for k, v in d.iteritems():
+        assert isinstance(v, basestring)
+
+    class MyClass(object):
+        def __unicode__(self):
+            return u'My object'
+        def __str__(self):
+            return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
+
+would be converted by Stage 2 to this code::
+
+    from builtins import input
+    from builtins import str
+    from future.utils import iteritems, python_2_unicode_compatible
+
+    name = input('What is your name?\n')
+
+    for k, v in iteritems(d):
+        assert isinstance(v, (str, bytes))
+
+    @python_2_unicode_compatible
+    class MyClass(object):
+        def __str__(self):
+            return u'My object'
+
+Stage 2 also renames standard-library imports to their Py3 names and adds these
+two lines::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+For example::
+
+    import ConfigParser
+
+becomes::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+    import configparser
+
+The complete list of fixers applied in Stage 2 is::
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_dict
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_filter
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_getcwdu
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_input
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools_imports
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_long
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_map
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_next
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_nonzero
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_operator
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_raw_input
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_zip
+
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_basestring
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_cmp
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_division_safe
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_execfile
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_builtins
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library_urllib
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_metaclass
+    libpasteurize.fixes.fix_newstyle
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_object
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_unicode_keep_u
+    libfuturize.fixes.fix_xrange_with_import
+
+
+Not applied::
+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_buffer    # Perhaps not safe. Test this.
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_callable  # Not needed in Py3.2+
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_execfile  # Some problems: see issue #37.
+                                # We use the custom libfuturize.fixes.fix_execfile instead.
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_future    # Removing __future__ imports is bad for Py2 compatibility!
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports   # Called by libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports2  # We don't handle this yet (dbm)
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_metaclass # Causes SyntaxError in Py2! Use the one from ``six`` instead
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_unicode   # Strips off the u'' prefix, which removes a potentially
+                                # helpful source of information for disambiguating
+                                # unicode/byte strings.
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_urllib    # Included in libfuturize.fix_future_standard_library_urllib
+    lib2to3.fixes.fix_xrange    # Custom one because of a bug with Py3.3's lib2to3
+
+
+
+.. Ideally the output of this stage should not be a ``SyntaxError`` on either
+.. Python 3 or Python 2.
+
+.. _forwards-conversion-text:
+
+Separating text from bytes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After applying stage 2, the recommended step is to decide which of your Python
+2 strings represent text and which represent binary data and to prefix all
+string literals with either ``b`` or ``u`` accordingly. Furthermore, to ensure
+that these types behave similarly on Python 2 as on Python 3, also wrap
+byte-strings or text in the ``bytes`` and ``str`` types from ``future``. For
+example::
+
+    from builtins import bytes, str
+    b = bytes(b'\x00ABCD')
+    s = str(u'This is normal text')
+
+Any unadorned string literals will then represent native platform strings
+(byte-strings on Py2, unicode strings on Py3).
+
+An alternative is to pass the ``--unicode-literals`` flag::
+
+  $ futurize --unicode-literals mypython2script.py
+
+After running this, all string literals that were not explicitly marked up as
+``b''`` will mean text (Python 3 ``str`` or Python 2 ``unicode``).
+
+
+
+.. _forwards-conversion-stage3:
+
+Post-conversion
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+After running ``futurize``, we recommend first running your tests on Python 3 and making further code changes until they pass on Python 3.
+
+The next step would be manually tweaking the code to re-enable Python 2
+compatibility with the help of the ``future`` package. For example, you can add
+the ``@python_2_unicode_compatible`` decorator to any classes that define custom
+``__str__`` methods. See :ref:`what-else` for more info.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82f211c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+.. _futurize_cheatsheet:
+
+``futurize`` quick-start guide
+------------------------------
+
+How to convert Py2 code to Py2/3 code using ``futurize``:
+
+.. _porting-setup:
+
+Step 0: setup
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Step 0 goal: set up and see the tests passing on Python 2 and failing on Python 3.
+
+a. Clone the package from github/bitbucket. Optionally rename your repo to ``package-future``. Examples: ``reportlab-future``, ``paramiko-future``, ``mezzanine-future``.
+b. Create and activate a Python 2 conda environment or virtualenv. Install the package with ``python setup.py install`` and run its test suite on Py2.7 (e.g. ``python setup.py test`` or ``py.test``)
+c. Optionally: if there is a ``.travis.yml`` file, add Python version 3.6 and remove any versions < 2.6.
+d. Install Python 3 with e.g. ``sudo apt-get install python3``. On other platforms, an easy way is to use `Miniconda <http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/index.html>`_. Then e.g.::
+
+    conda create -n py36 python=3.6 pip
+
+.. _porting-step1:
+
+Step 1: modern Py2 code
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The goal for this step is to modernize the Python 2 code without introducing any dependencies (on ``future`` or e.g. ``six``) at this stage.
+
+**1a**. Install ``future`` into the virtualenv using::
+
+          pip install future
+
+**1b**. Run ``futurize --stage1 -w *.py subdir1/*.py subdir2/*.py``. Note that with
+recursive globbing in ``bash`` or ``zsh``, you can apply stage 1 to all source files
+recursively with::
+
+        futurize --stage1 -w .
+
+**1c**. Commit all changes
+
+**1d**. Re-run the test suite on Py2 and fix any errors.
+
+See :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage1` for more info.
+
+
+Example error
+*************
+
+One relatively common error after conversion is::
+
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+      File "/home/user/Install/BleedingEdge/reportlab/tests/test_encrypt.py", line 19, in <module>
+        from .test_pdfencryption import parsedoc
+    ValueError: Attempted relative import in non-package
+
+If you get this error, try adding an empty ``__init__.py`` file in the package
+directory. (In this example, in the tests/ directory.) If this doesn’t help,
+and if this message appears for all tests, they must be invoked differently
+(from the cmd line or e.g. ``setup.py``). The way to run a module inside a
+package on Python 3, or on Python 2 with ``absolute_import`` in effect, is::
+
+    python -m tests.test_platypus_xref
+
+(For more info, see `PEP 328 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0328/>`_ and
+the `PEP 8 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/>`_ section on absolute
+imports.)
+
+
+.. _porting-step2:
+
+Step 2: working Py3 code that still supports Py2
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The goal for this step is to get the tests passing first on Py3 and then on Py2
+again with the help of the ``future`` package.
+
+**2a**. Run::
+
+        futurize --stage2 myfolder1/*.py myfolder2/*.py
+
+You can view the stage 2 changes to all Python source files recursively with::
+
+    futurize --stage2 .
+
+To apply the changes, add the ``-w`` argument.
+
+This stage makes further conversions needed to support both Python 2 and 3.
+These will likely require imports from ``future`` on Py2 (and sometimes on Py3),
+such as::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+    # ...
+    from builtins import bytes
+    from builtins import open
+    from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+Optionally, you can use the ``--unicode-literals`` flag to add this import to
+the top of each module::
+
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+All strings in the module would then be unicode on Py2 (as on Py3) unless
+explicitly marked with a ``b''`` prefix.
+
+If you would like ``futurize`` to import all the changed builtins to have their
+Python 3 semantics on Python 2, invoke it like this::
+
+    futurize --stage2 --all-imports myfolder/*.py
+
+
+**2b**. Re-run your tests on Py3 now. Make changes until your tests pass on Python 3.
+
+**2c**. Commit your changes! :)
+
+**2d**. Now run your tests on Python 2 and notice the errors. Add wrappers from
+``future`` to re-enable Python 2 compatibility. See the
+:ref:`compatible-idioms` cheat sheet and :ref:`what-else` for more info.
+
+After each change, re-run the tests on Py3 and Py2 to ensure they pass on both.
+
+**2e**. You're done! Celebrate! Push your code and announce to the world! Hashtags
+#python3 #python-future.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_overview.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_overview.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..769b65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/futurize_overview.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+The ``futurize`` script passes Python 2 code through all the appropriate fixers
+to turn it into valid Python 3 code, and then adds ``__future__`` and
+``future`` package imports to re-enable compatibility with Python 2.
+
+For example, running ``futurize`` turns this Python 2 code:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import ConfigParser                 # Py2 module name
+
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def next(self):                 # Py2-style iterator interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    itr = Upper('hello')
+    print next(itr),
+    for letter in itr:
+        print letter,                   # Py2-style print statement
+
+into this code which runs on both Py2 and Py3:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+    from future.builtins import next
+    from future.builtins import object
+    import configparser                 # Py3-style import
+
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):             # Py3-style iterator interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    itr = Upper('hello')
+    print(next(itr), end=' ')           # Py3-style print function
+    for letter in itr:
+        print(letter, end=' ')
+
+
+To write out all the changes to your Python files that ``futurize`` suggests,
+use the ``-w`` flag.
+
+For complex projects, it is probably best to divide the porting into two stages.
+Stage 1 is for "safe" changes that modernize the code but do not break Python
+2.7 compatibility or introduce a dependency on the ``future`` package. Stage 2
+is to complete the process.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/hindsight.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/hindsight.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4654c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/hindsight.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+In a perfect world, the new metaclass syntax should ideally be available in
+Python 2 as a `__future__`` import like ``from __future__ import
+new_metaclass_syntax``.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/imports.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/imports.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7dcd9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/imports.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+.. _imports:
+
+Imports
+=======
+
+.. _-__future__-imports:
+
+__future__ imports
+------------------
+
+To write a Python 2/3 compatible codebase, the first step is to add this line
+to the top of each module::
+
+    from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+For guidelines about whether to import ``unicode_literals`` too, see below
+(:ref:`unicode-literals`).
+
+For more information about the ``__future__`` imports, which are a
+standard feature of Python, see the following docs:
+
+- absolute_import: `PEP 328: Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0328>`_
+- division: `PEP 238: Changing the Division Operator <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0238>`_
+- print_function: `PEP 3105: Make print a function <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3105>`_
+- unicode_literals: `PEP 3112: Bytes literals in Python 3000 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3112>`_
+
+These are all available in Python 2.7 and up, and enabled by default in Python 3.x.
+
+
+.. _builtins-imports:
+
+Imports of builtins
+-------------------
+
+.. _star-imports:
+
+Implicit imports
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you don't mind namespace pollution, the easiest way to provide Py2/3
+compatibility for new code using ``future`` is to include the following imports
+at the top of every module::
+
+    from builtins import *
+
+On Python 3, this has no effect. (It shadows builtins with globals of the same
+names.)
+
+On Python 2, this import line shadows 18 builtins (listed below) to
+provide their Python 3 semantics.
+
+
+.. _explicit-imports:
+
+Explicit imports
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Explicit forms of the imports are often preferred and are necessary for using
+certain automated code-analysis tools.
+
+The complete set of imports of builtins from ``future`` is::
+
+    from builtins import (ascii, bytes, chr, dict, filter, hex, input,
+                          int, map, next, oct, open, pow, range, round,
+                          str, super, zip)
+
+These are also available under the ``future.builtins`` namespace for backward compatibility.
+
+Importing only some of the builtins is cleaner but increases the risk of
+introducing Py2/3 portability bugs as your code evolves over time. For example,
+be aware of forgetting to import ``input``, which could expose a security
+vulnerability on Python 2 if Python 3's semantics are expected.
+
+.. One further technical distinction is that unlike the ``import *`` form above,
+.. these explicit imports do actually modify ``locals()`` on Py3; this is
+.. equivalent to typing ``bytes = bytes; int = int`` etc. for each builtin.
+
+The internal API is currently as follows::
+
+    from future.types import bytes, dict, int, range, str
+    from future.builtins.misc import (ascii, chr, hex, input, next,
+                                      oct, open, pow, round, super)
+    from future.builtins.iterators import filter, map, zip
+
+Please note that this internal API is evolving and may not be stable between
+different versions of ``future``. To understand the details of the backported
+builtins on Python 2, see the docs for these modules.
+
+For more information on what the backported types provide, see :ref:`what-else`.
+
+.. < Section about past.translation is included here >
+
+
+.. _obsolete-builtins:
+
+Obsolete Python 2 builtins
+__________________________
+
+Twelve Python 2 builtins have been removed from Python 3. To aid with
+porting code to Python 3 module by module, you can use the following
+import to cause a ``NameError`` exception to be raised on Python 2 when any
+of the obsolete builtins is used, just as would occur on Python 3::
+
+    from future.builtins.disabled import *
+
+This is equivalent to::
+
+    from future.builtins.disabled import (apply, cmp, coerce, execfile,
+                                 file, long, raw_input, reduce, reload,
+                                 unicode, xrange, StandardError)
+
+Running ``futurize`` over code that uses these Python 2 builtins does not
+import the disabled versions; instead, it replaces them with their
+equivalent Python 3 forms and then adds ``future`` imports to resurrect
+Python 2 support, as described in :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage2`.
+
+
+.. include:: standard_library_imports.rst
+
+.. include:: translation.rst
+
+.. include:: unicode_literals.rst
+
+Next steps
+----------
+See :ref:`what-else`.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/index.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc84c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Easy, clean, reliable Python 2/3 compatibility
+==============================================
+
+``python-future`` is the missing compatibility layer between Python 2 and
+Python 3. It allows you to use a single, clean Python 3.x-compatible
+codebase to support both Python 2 and Python 3 with minimal overhead.
+
+
+.. include:: contents.rst.inc
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/int_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/int_object.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f774784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/int_object.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.. _int-object:
+
+int
+---
+
+Python 3's ``int`` type is very similar to Python 2's ``long``, except
+for the representation (which omits the ``L`` suffix in Python 2). Python
+2's usual (short) integers have been removed from Python 3, as has the
+``long`` builtin name.
+
+Python 3::
+
+    >>> 2**64
+    18446744073709551616
+
+Python 2::
+
+    >>> 2**64
+    18446744073709551616L
+
+``future`` includes a backport of Python 3's ``int`` that
+is a subclass of Python 2's ``long`` with the same representation
+behaviour as Python 3's ``int``. To ensure an integer is long compatibly with
+both Py3 and Py2, cast it like this::
+
+    >>> from builtins import int
+    >>> must_be_a_long_integer = int(1234)
+
+The backported ``int`` object helps with writing doctests and simplifies code
+that deals with ``long`` and ``int`` as special cases on Py2. An example is the
+following code from ``xlwt-future`` (called by the ``xlwt.antlr.BitSet`` class)
+for writing out Excel ``.xls`` spreadsheets. With ``future``, the code is::
+
+    from builtins import int
+
+    def longify(data):
+        """
+        Turns data (an int or long, or a list of ints or longs) into a
+        list of longs.
+        """
+        if not data:
+            return [int(0)]
+        if not isinstance(data, list):
+            return [int(data)]
+        return list(map(int, data))
+
+
+Without ``future`` (or with ``future`` < 0.7), this might be::
+
+    def longify(data):
+        """
+        Turns data (an int or long, or a list of ints or longs) into a
+        list of longs.
+        """
+        if not data:
+            if PY3:
+                return [0]
+            else:
+                return [long(0)]
+        if not isinstance(data,list):
+            if PY3:
+                return [int(data)]
+            else:
+                return [long(data)]
+        if PY3:
+            return list(map(int, data))   # same as returning data, but with up-front typechecking
+        else:
+            return list(map(long, data))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/isinstance.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/isinstance.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bb5084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/isinstance.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+.. _isinstance-calls:
+
+isinstance
+----------
+
+The following tests all pass on Python 3::
+
+    >>> assert isinstance(2**62, int)
+    >>> assert isinstance(2**63, int)
+    >>> assert isinstance(b'my byte-string', bytes)
+    >>> assert isinstance(u'unicode string 1', str)
+    >>> assert isinstance('unicode string 2', str)
+
+
+However, two of these normally fail on Python 2::
+
+    >>> assert isinstance(2**63, int)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    AssertionError
+
+    >>> assert isinstance(u'my unicode string', str)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    AssertionError
+
+And if this import is in effect on Python 2::
+
+    >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+then the fifth test fails too::
+
+    >>> assert isinstance('unicode string 2', str)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    AssertionError
+
+
+After importing the builtins from ``future``, all these tests pass on
+Python 2 as on Python 3::
+
+    >>> from builtins import bytes, int, str
+
+    >>> assert isinstance(10, int)
+    >>> assert isinstance(10**100, int)
+    >>> assert isinstance(b'my byte-string', bytes)
+    >>> assert isinstance(u'unicode string 1', str)
+
+However, note that the last test requires that ``unicode_literals`` be imported to succeed.::
+
+    >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals
+    >>> assert isinstance('unicode string 2', str)
+
+This works because the backported types ``int``, ``bytes`` and ``str``
+(and others) have metaclasses that override ``__instancecheck__``. See `PEP 3119
+<http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3119/#overloading-isinstance-and-issubclass>`_
+for details.
+
+
+Passing data to/from Python 2 libraries
+---------------------------------------
+
+If you are passing any of the backported types (``bytes``, ``int``, ``dict,
+``str``) into brittle library code that performs type-checks using ``type()``,
+rather than ``isinstance()``, or requires that you pass Python 2's native types
+(rather than subclasses) for some other reason, it may be necessary to upcast
+the types from ``future`` to their native superclasses on Py2.
+
+The ``native`` function in ``future.utils`` is provided for this. Here is how
+to use it. (The output showing is from Py2)::
+
+    >>> from builtins import int, bytes, str
+    >>> from future.utils import native
+
+    >>> a = int(10**20)     # Py3-like long int
+    >>> a
+    100000000000000000000
+    >>> type(a)
+    future.types.newint.newint
+    >>> native(a)
+    100000000000000000000L
+    >>> type(native(a))
+    long
+
+    >>> b = bytes(b'ABC')
+    >>> type(b)
+    future.types.newbytes.newbytes
+    >>> native(b)
+    'ABC'
+    >>> type(native(b))
+    str
+
+    >>> s = str(u'ABC')
+    >>> type(s)
+    future.types.newstr.newstr
+    >>> native(s)
+    u'ABC'
+    >>> type(native(s))
+    unicode
+
+On Py3, the :func:`native` function is a no-op.
+
+
+Native string type
+------------------
+
+Some library code, include standard library code like the ``array.array()``
+constructor, require native strings on Python 2 and Python 3. This means that
+there is no simple way to pass the appropriate string type when the
+``unicode_literals`` import from ``__future__`` is in effect.
+
+The objects ``native_str`` and ``native_bytes`` are available in
+``future.utils`` for this case. These are equivalent to the ``str`` and
+``bytes`` objects in ``__builtin__`` on Python 2 or in ``builtins`` on Python 3.
+
+The functions ``native_str_to_bytes`` and ``bytes_to_native_str`` are also
+available for more explicit conversions.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/limitations.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/limitations.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d13805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/limitations.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+limitations of the ``future`` module and differences between Py2 and Py3 that are not (yet) handled
+===================================================================================================
+
+The following attributes on functions in Python 3 are not provided in Python
+2.7:
+
+__func__: see six.get_method_function()
+__self__: see six.get_method_self()
+__self__.__class__
+
+
+Limitations of the ``futurize`` script
+--------------------------------------
+The ``futurize`` script is not yet mature; like ``2to3``, on which it is based,
+it makes mistakes. Nevertheless, it should be useful for automatically
+performing a lot of the repetitive code-substitution tasks when porting from
+Py2 to Py2/3.
+
+Some new Python 3.3 features that cause SyntaxErrors on earlier versions
+are not currently handled by the ``futurize`` script. This includes:
+
+- ``yield ... from`` syntax for generators in Py3.3
+
+- ``raise ... from`` syntax for exceptions. (This is simple to fix
+  manually by creating a temporary variable.)
+
+Also:
+
+- Usage of ``file('myfile', 'w')`` as a synonym for ``open`` doesn't seem
+  to be converted currently.
+
+- ``isinstance(var, basestring)`` should sometimes be converted to
+  ``isinstance(var, str) or isinstance(var, bytes)``, or sometimes simply
+  ``isinstance(var, str)``, depending on the context. Currently it is always
+  converted to ``isinstance(var, str)``.
+
+- Caveats with bytes indexing!::
+
+      b'\x00'[0] != 0
+      b'\x01'[0] != 1
+
+  ``futurize`` does not yet wrap all byte-string literals in a ``bytes()``
+  call. This is on the to-do list. See :ref:`bytes-object` for more information.
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+- Ensure you are using new-style classes on Py2. Py3 doesn't require
+  inheritance from ``object`` for this, but Py2 does. ``pasteurize``
+  adds this back in automatically, but ensure you do this too
+  when writing your classes, otherwise weird breakage when e.g. calling
+  ``super()`` may occur.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/metaclasses.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/metaclasses.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d40c5a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/metaclasses.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Metaclasses
+-----------
+
+Python 3 and Python 2 syntax for metaclasses are incompatible.
+``future`` provides a function (from ``jinja2/_compat.py``) called
+:func:`with_metaclass` that can assist with specifying metaclasses
+portably across Py3 and Py2. Use it like this::
+
+    from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+    class BaseForm(object):
+        pass
+
+    class FormType(type):
+        pass
+
+    class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):
+        pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f585d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb	
@@ -0,0 +1,3167 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible code"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "- **Copyright (c):** 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.\n",
+    "- **Author:** Ed Schofield.\n",
+    "- **Licence:** Creative Commons Attribution.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "A PDF version is here: http://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.pdf\n",
+    "\n",
+    "This notebook shows you idioms for writing future-proof code that is compatible with both versions of Python: 2 and 3. It accompanies Ed Schofield's talk at PyCon AU 2014, \"Writing 2/3 compatible code\". (The video is here: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOqk8j11aAI&t=10m14s>.)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Minimum versions:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "  - Python 2: 2.6+\n",
+    "  - Python 3: 3.3+"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Setup"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "The imports below refer to these ``pip``-installable packages on PyPI:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    import future        # pip install future\n",
+    "    import builtins      # pip install future\n",
+    "    import past          # pip install future\n",
+    "    import six           # pip install six\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The following scripts are also ``pip``-installable:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    futurize             # pip install future\n",
+    "    pasteurize           # pip install future\n",
+    "\n",
+    "See http://python-future.org and https://pythonhosted.org/six/ for more information."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Essential syntax differences"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### print"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "print 'Hello'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "print('Hello')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "To print multiple strings, import ``print_function`` to prevent Py2 from interpreting it as a tuple:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "print 'Hello', 'Guido'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from __future__ import print_function    # (at top of module)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('Hello', 'Guido')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "print >> sys.stderr, 'Hello'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from __future__ import print_function\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('Hello', file=sys.stderr)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "print 'Hello',"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from __future__ import print_function\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print('Hello', end='')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Raising exceptions"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "raise ValueError, \"dodgy value\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "raise ValueError(\"dodgy value\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Raising exceptions with a traceback:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]\n",
+    "raise ValueError, \"dodgy value\", traceback"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "raise ValueError(\"dodgy value\").with_traceback()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "from six import reraise as raise_\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "from future.utils import raise_\n",
+    "\n",
+    "traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]\n",
+    "raise_(ValueError, \"dodgy value\", traceback)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from future.utils import raise_with_traceback\n",
+    "\n",
+    "raise_with_traceback(ValueError(\"dodgy value\"))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Exception chaining (PEP 3134):"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Setup:\n",
+    "class DatabaseError(Exception):\n",
+    "    pass"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only\n",
+    "class FileDatabase:\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, filename):\n",
+    "        try:\n",
+    "            self.file = open(filename)\n",
+    "        except IOError as exc:\n",
+    "            raise DatabaseError('failed to open') from exc"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from future.utils import raise_from\n",
+    "\n",
+    "class FileDatabase:\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, filename):\n",
+    "        try:\n",
+    "            self.file = open(filename)\n",
+    "        except IOError as exc:\n",
+    "            raise_from(DatabaseError('failed to open'), exc)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Testing the above:\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    fd = FileDatabase('non_existent_file.txt')\n",
+    "except Exception as e:\n",
+    "    assert isinstance(e.__cause__, IOError)    # FileNotFoundError on Py3.3+ inherits from IOError"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Catching exceptions"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    ...\n",
+    "except ValueError, e:\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    ...\n",
+    "except ValueError as e:\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Division"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Integer division (rounding down):"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "assert 2 / 3 == 0"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "assert 2 // 3 == 0"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\"True division\" (float division):"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "assert 3 / 2 == 1.5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from __future__ import division    # (at top of module)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "assert 3 / 2 == 1.5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\"Old division\" (i.e. compatible with Py2 behaviour):"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "a = b / c            # with any types"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from past.utils import old_div\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a = old_div(b, c)    # always same as / on Py2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Long integers"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Short integers are gone in Python 3 and ``long`` has become ``int`` (without the trailing ``L`` in the ``repr``)."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "k = 9223372036854775808L\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "k = 9223372036854775808"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "bigint = 1L\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "from builtins import int\n",
+    "bigint = int(1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "To test whether a value is an integer (of any kind):"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "if isinstance(x, (int, long)):\n",
+    "    ...\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "if isinstance(x, int):\n",
+    "    ...\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "from builtins import int    # subclass of long on Py2\n",
+    "\n",
+    "if isinstance(x, int):             # matches both int and long on Py2\n",
+    "    ...\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from past.builtins import long\n",
+    "\n",
+    "if isinstance(x, (int, long)):\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Octal constants"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "0644     # Python 2 only"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "0o644    # Python 2 and 3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Backtick repr"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "`x`      # Python 2 only"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "repr(x)  # Python 2 and 3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Metaclasses"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class BaseForm(object):\n",
+    "    pass\n",
+    "\n",
+    "class FormType(type):\n",
+    "    pass"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "class Form(BaseForm):\n",
+    "    __metaclass__ = FormType\n",
+    "    pass"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "class Form(BaseForm, metaclass=FormType):\n",
+    "    pass"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from six import with_metaclass\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "from future.utils import with_metaclass\n",
+    "\n",
+    "class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):\n",
+    "    pass"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Strings and bytes"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Unicode (text) string literals"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "If you are upgrading an existing Python 2 codebase, it may be preferable to mark up all string literals as unicode explicitly with ``u`` prefixes:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "s1 = 'The Zen of Python'\n",
+    "s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "s1 = u'The Zen of Python'\n",
+    "s2 = u'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "The ``futurize`` and ``python-modernize`` tools do not currently offer an option to do this automatically."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "If you are writing code for a new project or new codebase, you can use this idiom to make all string literals in a module unicode strings:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "from __future__ import unicode_literals    # at top of module\n",
+    "\n",
+    "s1 = 'The Zen of Python'\n",
+    "s2 = 'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい\\n'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "See http://python-future.org/unicode_literals.html for more discussion on which style to use."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Byte-string literals"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "s = 'This must be a byte-string'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "s = b'This must be a byte-string'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "To loop over a byte-string with possible high-bit characters, obtaining each character as a byte-string of length 1:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "for bytechar in 'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n",
+    "    ...\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n",
+    "    bytechar = bytes([myint])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from builtins import bytes\n",
+    "for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9'):\n",
+    "    bytechar = bytes([myint])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "As an alternative, ``chr()`` and ``.encode('latin-1')`` can be used to convert an int into a 1-char byte string:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "for myint in b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9':\n",
+    "    char = chr(myint)    # returns a unicode string\n",
+    "    bytechar = char.encode('latin-1')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from builtins import bytes, chr\n",
+    "for myint in bytes(b'byte-string with high-bit chars like \\xf9'):\n",
+    "    char = chr(myint)    # returns a unicode string\n",
+    "    bytechar = char.encode('latin-1')    # forces returning a byte str"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### basestring"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "a = u'abc'\n",
+    "b = 'def'\n",
+    "assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from past.builtins import basestring    # pip install future\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a = u'abc'\n",
+    "b = b'def'\n",
+    "assert (isinstance(a, basestring) and isinstance(b, basestring))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2: refactor the code to avoid considering\n",
+    "# byte-strings as strings.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from builtins import str\n",
+    "a = u'abc'\n",
+    "b = b'def'\n",
+    "c = b.decode()\n",
+    "assert isinstance(a, str) and isinstance(c, str)\n",
+    "# ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### unicode"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % unicode(slug)]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from builtins import str\n",
+    "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % str(slug)]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from builtins import str as text\n",
+    "templates = [u\"blog/blog_post_detail_%s.html\" % text(slug)]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### StringIO"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from StringIO import StringIO\n",
+    "# or:\n",
+    "from cStringIO import StringIO\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from io import BytesIO     # for handling byte strings\n",
+    "from io import StringIO    # for handling unicode strings"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Imports relative to a package"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Suppose the package is:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    mypackage/\n",
+    "        __init__.py\n",
+    "        submodule1.py\n",
+    "        submodule2.py\n",
+    "        \n",
+    "and the code below is in ``submodule1.py``:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only: \n",
+    "import submodule2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from . import submodule2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "# To make Py2 code safer (more like Py3) by preventing\n",
+    "# implicit relative imports, you can also add this to the top:\n",
+    "from __future__ import absolute_import"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Dictionaries"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Iterating through ``dict`` keys/values/items"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Iterable dict keys:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "for key in heights.iterkeys():\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "for key in heights:\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Iterable dict values:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "for value in heights.itervalues():\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Idiomatic Python 3\n",
+    "for value in heights.values():    # extra memory overhead on Py2\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "from builtins import dict\n",
+    "\n",
+    "heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)\n",
+    "for key in heights.values():    # efficient on Py2 and Py3\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from future.utils import itervalues\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "from six import itervalues\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for key in itervalues(heights):\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Iterable dict items:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "for (key, value) in heights.iteritems():\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "for (key, value) in heights.items():    # inefficient on Py2    \n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from future.utils import viewitems\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for (key, value) in viewitems(heights):   # also behaves like a set\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
+    "from future.utils import iteritems\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "from six import iteritems\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for (key, value) in iteritems(heights):\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### dict keys/values/items as a list"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "dict keys as a list:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "keylist = heights.keys()\n",
+    "assert isinstance(keylist, list)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "keylist = list(heights)\n",
+    "assert isinstance(keylist, list)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "dict values as a list:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "heights = {'Fred': 175, 'Anne': 166, 'Joe': 192}\n",
+    "valuelist = heights.values()\n",
+    "assert isinstance(valuelist, list)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "valuelist = list(heights.values())    # inefficient on Py2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from builtins import dict\n",
+    "\n",
+    "heights = dict(Fred=175, Anne=166, Joe=192)\n",
+    "valuelist = list(heights.values())"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
+    "from future.utils import listvalues\n",
+    "\n",
+    "valuelist = listvalues(heights)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 4\n",
+    "from future.utils import itervalues\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "from six import itervalues\n",
+    "\n",
+    "valuelist = list(itervalues(heights))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "dict items as a list:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "itemlist = list(heights.items())    # inefficient on Py2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from future.utils import listitems\n",
+    "\n",
+    "itemlist = listitems(heights)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
+    "from future.utils import iteritems\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "from six import iteritems\n",
+    "\n",
+    "itemlist = list(iteritems(heights))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Custom class behaviour"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Custom iterators"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "class Upper(object):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
+    "        self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
+    "    def next(self):          # Py2-style\n",
+    "        return self._iter.next().upper()\n",
+    "    def __iter__(self):\n",
+    "        return self\n",
+    "\n",
+    "itr = Upper('hello')\n",
+    "assert itr.next() == 'H'     # Py2-style\n",
+    "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "from builtins import object\n",
+    "\n",
+    "class Upper(object):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
+    "        self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
+    "    def __next__(self):      # Py3-style iterator interface\n",
+    "        return next(self._iter).upper()  # builtin next() function calls\n",
+    "    def __iter__(self):\n",
+    "        return self\n",
+    "\n",
+    "itr = Upper('hello')\n",
+    "assert next(itr) == 'H'      # compatible style\n",
+    "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from future.utils import implements_iterator\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@implements_iterator\n",
+    "class Upper(object):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
+    "        self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
+    "    def __next__(self):                  # Py3-style iterator interface\n",
+    "        return next(self._iter).upper()  # builtin next() function calls\n",
+    "    def __iter__(self):\n",
+    "        return self\n",
+    "\n",
+    "itr = Upper('hello')\n",
+    "assert next(itr) == 'H'\n",
+    "assert list(itr) == list('ELLO')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Custom ``__str__`` methods"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "class MyClass(object):\n",
+    "    def __unicode__(self):\n",
+    "        return 'Unicode string: \\u5b54\\u5b50'\n",
+    "    def __str__(self):\n",
+    "        return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a = MyClass()\n",
+    "print(a)    # prints encoded string"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Unicode string: 孔子\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible\n",
+    "\n",
+    "@python_2_unicode_compatible\n",
+    "class MyClass(object):\n",
+    "    def __str__(self):\n",
+    "        return u'Unicode string: \\u5b54\\u5b50'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "a = MyClass()\n",
+    "print(a)    # prints string encoded as utf-8 on Py2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Custom ``__nonzero__`` vs ``__bool__`` method:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "class AllOrNothing(object):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, l):\n",
+    "        self.l = l\n",
+    "    def __nonzero__(self):\n",
+    "        return all(self.l)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n",
+    "assert not bool(container)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from builtins import object\n",
+    "\n",
+    "class AllOrNothing(object):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, l):\n",
+    "        self.l = l\n",
+    "    def __bool__(self):\n",
+    "        return all(self.l)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n",
+    "assert not bool(container)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Lists versus iterators"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### xrange"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "for i in xrange(10**8):\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible\n",
+    "from builtins import range\n",
+    "for i in range(10**8):\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: backward-compatible\n",
+    "from past.builtins import xrange\n",
+    "for i in xrange(10**8):\n",
+    "    ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### range"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "mylist = range(5)\n",
+    "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 1\n",
+    "mylist = list(range(5))            # copies memory on Py2\n",
+    "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: forward-compatible: option 2\n",
+    "from builtins import range\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mylist = list(range(5))\n",
+    "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
+    "from future.utils import lrange\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mylist = lrange(5)\n",
+    "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: backward compatible\n",
+    "from past.builtins import range\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mylist = range(5)\n",
+    "assert mylist == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### map"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)\n",
+    "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "# Idiomatic Py3, but inefficient on Py2\n",
+    "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))\n",
+    "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from builtins import map\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))\n",
+    "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 3\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    from itertools import imap as map\n",
+    "except ImportError:\n",
+    "    pass\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mynewlist = list(map(f, myoldlist))    # inefficient on Py2\n",
+    "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 4\n",
+    "from future.utils import lmap\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mynewlist = lmap(f, myoldlist)\n",
+    "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 5\n",
+    "from past.builtins import map\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mynewlist = map(f, myoldlist)\n",
+    "assert mynewlist == [f(x) for x in myoldlist]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### imap"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from itertools import imap\n",
+    "\n",
+    "myiter = imap(func, myoldlist)\n",
+    "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n",
+    "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "from builtins import map\n",
+    "\n",
+    "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n",
+    "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    from itertools import imap as map\n",
+    "except ImportError:\n",
+    "    pass\n",
+    "\n",
+    "myiter = map(func, myoldlist)\n",
+    "assert isinstance(myiter, iter)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### zip, izip"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "As above with ``zip`` and ``itertools.izip``."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### filter, ifilter"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "As above with ``filter`` and ``itertools.ifilter`` too."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Other builtins"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### File IO with open()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "f = open('myfile.txt')\n",
+    "data = f.read()              # as a byte string\n",
+    "text = data.decode('utf-8')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from io import open\n",
+    "f = open('myfile.txt', 'rb')\n",
+    "data = f.read()              # as bytes\n",
+    "text = data.decode('utf-8')  # unicode, not bytes\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from io import open\n",
+    "f = open('myfile.txt', encoding='utf-8')\n",
+    "text = f.read()    # unicode, not bytes"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### reduce()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from functools import reduce\n",
+    "\n",
+    "assert reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 1+2+3+4+5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### raw_input()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "name = raw_input('What is your name? ')\n",
+    "assert isinstance(name, str)    # native str"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from builtins import input\n",
+    "\n",
+    "name = input('What is your name? ')\n",
+    "assert isinstance(name, str)    # native str on Py2 and Py3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### input()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "input(\"Type something safe please: \")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "from builtins import input\n",
+    "eval(input(\"Type something safe please: \"))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Warning: using either of these is **unsafe** with untrusted input."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### file()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "f = file(pathname)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "f = open(pathname)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# But preferably, use this:\n",
+    "from io import open\n",
+    "f = open(pathname, 'rb')   # if f.read() should return bytes\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "f = open(pathname, 'rt')   # if f.read() should return unicode text"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### exec"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "exec 'x = 10'\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "exec('x = 10')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "g = globals()\n",
+    "exec 'x = 10' in g\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "g = globals()\n",
+    "exec('x = 10', g)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "l = locals()\n",
+    "exec 'x = 10' in g, l\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "exec('x = 10', g, l)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "But note that Py3's `exec()` is less powerful (and less dangerous) than Py2's `exec` statement."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### execfile()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "execfile('myfile.py')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from past.builtins import execfile\n",
+    "\n",
+    "execfile('myfile.py')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "exec(compile(open('myfile.py').read()))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# This can sometimes cause this:\n",
+    "#     SyntaxError: function ... uses import * and bare exec ...\n",
+    "# See https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues/37"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### unichr()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "assert unichr(8364) == '€'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "assert chr(8364) == '€'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from builtins import chr\n",
+    "assert chr(8364) == '€'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### intern()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "intern('mystring')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "from sys import intern\n",
+    "intern('mystring')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from past.builtins import intern\n",
+    "intern('mystring')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from six.moves import intern\n",
+    "intern('mystring')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
+    "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
+    "install_aliases()\n",
+    "from sys import intern\n",
+    "intern('mystring')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    from sys import intern\n",
+    "except ImportError:\n",
+    "    pass\n",
+    "intern('mystring')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### apply()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "args = ('a', 'b')\n",
+    "kwargs = {'kwarg1': True}"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "apply(f, args, kwargs)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "f(*args, **kwargs)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from past.builtins import apply\n",
+    "apply(f, args, kwargs)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### chr()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "assert chr(64) == b'@'\n",
+    "assert chr(200) == b'\\xc8'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only: option 1\n",
+    "assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'\n",
+    "assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\\xc8'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 1\n",
+    "from builtins import chr\n",
+    "\n",
+    "assert chr(64).encode('latin-1') == b'@'\n",
+    "assert chr(0xc8).encode('latin-1') == b'\\xc8'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only: option 2\n",
+    "assert bytes([64]) == b'@'\n",
+    "assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\\xc8'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: option 2\n",
+    "from builtins import bytes\n",
+    "\n",
+    "assert bytes([64]) == b'@'\n",
+    "assert bytes([0xc8]) == b'\\xc8'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### cmp()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from past.builtins import cmp\n",
+    "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "cmp = lambda(x, y): (x > y) - (x < y)\n",
+    "assert cmp('a', 'b') < 0 and cmp('b', 'a') > 0 and cmp('c', 'c') == 0"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### reload()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "reload(mymodule)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "from imp import reload\n",
+    "reload(mymodule)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Standard library"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### dbm modules"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "import anydbm\n",
+    "import whichdb\n",
+    "import dbm\n",
+    "import dumbdbm\n",
+    "import gdbm\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from future import standard_library\n",
+    "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import dbm\n",
+    "import dbm.ndbm\n",
+    "import dbm.dumb\n",
+    "import dbm.gnu\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from future.moves import dbm\n",
+    "from future.moves.dbm import dumb\n",
+    "from future.moves.dbm import ndbm\n",
+    "from future.moves.dbm import gnu\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
+    "from six.moves import dbm_gnu\n",
+    "# (others not supported)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### commands / subprocess modules"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "from commands import getoutput, getstatusoutput\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "from future import standard_library\n",
+    "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### subprocess.check_output()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2.7 and above\n",
+    "from subprocess import check_output\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 1\n",
+    "from future.moves.subprocess import check_output\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 2\n",
+    "from future import standard_library\n",
+    "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from subprocess import check_output"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### collections: Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2.7 and above\n",
+    "from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 1\n",
+    "from future.backports import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2.6 and above: alternative 2\n",
+    "from future import standard_library\n",
+    "standard_library.install_aliases()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from collections import Counter, OrderedDict, ChainMap"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### StringIO module"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only\n",
+    "from StringIO import StringIO\n",
+    "from cStringIO import StringIO"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3\n",
+    "from io import BytesIO\n",
+    "# and refactor StringIO() calls to BytesIO() if passing byte-strings"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### http module"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "import httplib\n",
+    "import Cookie\n",
+    "import cookielib\n",
+    "import BaseHTTPServer\n",
+    "import SimpleHTTPServer\n",
+    "import CGIHttpServer\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "import http.client\n",
+    "import http.cookies\n",
+    "import http.cookiejar\n",
+    "import http.server"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### xmlrpc module"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "import DocXMLRPCServer\n",
+    "import SimpleXMLRPCServer\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "import xmlrpc.server"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "import xmlrpclib\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "import xmlrpc.client"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### html escaping and entities"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3:\n",
+    "from cgi import escape\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Safer (Python 2 and 3, after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "from html import escape\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from htmlentitydefs import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "from html.entities import codepoint2name, entitydefs, name2codepoint"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### html parsing"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from HTMLParser import HTMLParser\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``)\n",
+    "from html.parser import HTMLParser\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (alternative 2):\n",
+    "from future.moves.html.parser import HTMLParser"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### urllib module"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "``urllib`` is the hardest module to use from Python 2/3 compatible code. You may like to use Requests (http://python-requests.org) instead."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from urlparse import urlparse\n",
+    "from urllib import urlencode\n",
+    "from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
+    "from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
+    "from urllib.error import HTTPError"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: easiest option\n",
+    "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
+    "install_aliases()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
+    "from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
+    "from urllib.error import HTTPError"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from future.standard_library import hooks\n",
+    "\n",
+    "with hooks():\n",
+    "    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
+    "    from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
+    "    from urllib.error import HTTPError"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
+    "from future.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
+    "from future.moves.urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
+    "from future.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError\n",
+    "# or\n",
+    "from six.moves.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
+    "from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen\n",
+    "from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 4\n",
+    "try:\n",
+    "    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode\n",
+    "    from urllib.request import urlopen, Request\n",
+    "    from urllib.error import HTTPError\n",
+    "except ImportError:\n",
+    "    from urlparse import urlparse\n",
+    "    from urllib import urlencode\n",
+    "    from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Tkinter"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "import Tkinter\n",
+    "import Dialog\n",
+    "import FileDialog\n",
+    "import ScrolledText\n",
+    "import SimpleDialog\n",
+    "import Tix  \n",
+    "import Tkconstants\n",
+    "import Tkdnd   \n",
+    "import tkColorChooser\n",
+    "import tkCommonDialog\n",
+    "import tkFileDialog\n",
+    "import tkFont\n",
+    "import tkMessageBox\n",
+    "import tkSimpleDialog\n",
+    "import ttk\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "import tkinter\n",
+    "import tkinter.dialog\n",
+    "import tkinter.filedialog\n",
+    "import tkinter.scrolledtext\n",
+    "import tkinter.simpledialog\n",
+    "import tkinter.tix\n",
+    "import tkinter.constants\n",
+    "import tkinter.dnd\n",
+    "import tkinter.colorchooser\n",
+    "import tkinter.commondialog\n",
+    "import tkinter.filedialog\n",
+    "import tkinter.font\n",
+    "import tkinter.messagebox\n",
+    "import tkinter.simpledialog\n",
+    "import tkinter.ttk"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### socketserver"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "import SocketServer\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "import socketserver"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### copy_reg, copyreg"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "import copy_reg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "import copyreg"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### configparser"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from ConfigParser import ConfigParser\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "from configparser import ConfigParser"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### queue"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from Queue import Queue, heapq, deque\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "from queue import Queue, heapq, deque"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### repr, reprlib"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from repr import aRepr, repr\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3 (after ``pip install future``):\n",
+    "from reprlib import aRepr, repr"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### UserDict, UserList, UserString"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from UserDict import UserDict\n",
+    "from UserList import UserList\n",
+    "from UserString import UserString\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from future.moves.collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from six.moves import UserDict, UserList, UserString\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
+    "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
+    "install_aliases()\n",
+    "from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### itertools: filterfalse, zip_longest"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Python 2 only:\n",
+    "from itertools import ifilterfalse, izip_longest\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 3 only:\n",
+    "from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 1\n",
+    "from future.moves.itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 2\n",
+    "from six.moves import filterfalse, zip_longest\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Python 2 and 3: alternative 3\n",
+    "from future.standard_library import install_aliases\n",
+    "install_aliases()\n",
+    "from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.4.3"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5792144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb	
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "sys.version"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 6,
+       "text": [
+        "'2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) \\n[GCC 4.8.2]'"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import future\n",
+      "future.__version__"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 1,
+       "text": [
+        "'0.12.0-dev'"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from builtins import bytes"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Backported Py3 bytes object\n",
+      "b = bytes(b'ABCD')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "list(b)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 4,
+       "text": [
+        "[65, 66, 67, 68]"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 4
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "repr(b)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 5,
+       "text": [
+        "\"b'ABCD'\""
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# These raise TypeErrors:\n",
+      "# b + u'EFGH'\n",
+      "# bytes(b',').join([u'Fred', u'Bill'])\n",
+      "# b < u'abcd'"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 10
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "b == u'ABCD'"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 9,
+       "text": [
+        "False"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5729ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb	
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+{
+ "metadata": {
+  "name": ""
+ },
+ "nbformat": 3,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0,
+ "worksheets": [
+  {
+   "cells": [
+    {
+     "cell_type": "heading",
+     "level": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "``object`` special methods"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "import sys\n",
+      "sys.version"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 1,
+       "text": [
+        "'2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56) \\n[GCC 4.8.2]'"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 1
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from builtins import object"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "object??"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 2
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "# Py3-style iterators written as new-style classes (subclasses of\n",
+      "# future.builtins.object) are backward compatibile with Py2:\n",
+      "class Upper(object):\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, iterable):\n",
+      "        self._iter = iter(iterable)\n",
+      "    def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface\n",
+      "        return next(self._iter).upper()\n",
+      "    def __iter__(self):\n",
+      "        return self"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 3
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 5
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class AllOrNothing(object):\n",
+      "    def __init__(self, l):\n",
+      "        self.l = l\n",
+      "    def __bool__(self):\n",
+      "        return all(self.l)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 6
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "container = AllOrNothing([0, 100, 200])\n",
+      "bool(container)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 8,
+       "text": [
+        "False"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 8
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "container2 = AllOrNothing([-100, 100, 200])\n",
+      "bool(container2)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 9,
+       "text": [
+        "True"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 9
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "Classes derived from Python builtins don't have this behaviour:"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "class AllOrNothingBroken(list):\n",
+      "    def __bool__(self):\n",
+      "        print('Called!')\n",
+      "        return all(self)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 13
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "container3 = AllOrNothingBroken([0, 1, 2])\n",
+      "bool(container3)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 14,
+       "text": [
+        "True"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 14
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "markdown",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "source": [
+      "But subclasses of ``future`` types do:"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "from builtins import list\n",
+      "\n",
+      "class AllOrNothingFixed(list):\n",
+      "    def __bool__(self):\n",
+      "        print('Called!')\n",
+      "        return all(self)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [],
+     "prompt_number": 15
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [
+      "container4 = AllOrNothingFixed([0, 1, 2])\n",
+      "bool(container4)"
+     ],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": [
+      {
+       "metadata": {},
+       "output_type": "pyout",
+       "prompt_number": 17,
+       "text": [
+        "True"
+       ]
+      }
+     ],
+     "prompt_number": 17
+    },
+    {
+     "cell_type": "code",
+     "collapsed": false,
+     "input": [],
+     "language": "python",
+     "metadata": {},
+     "outputs": []
+    }
+   ],
+   "metadata": {}
+  }
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/older_interfaces.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/older_interfaces.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..546f92b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/older_interfaces.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+.. _older-standard-library-interfaces:
+
+Older interfaces
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In addition to the direct and ``install_aliases()`` interfaces (described in
+:ref:`standard-library-imports`), ``future`` supports four other interfaces to
+the reorganized standard library. This is largely for historical reasons (for
+versions prior to 0.14).
+
+
+``future.moves`` interface
+__________________________
+
+The ``future.moves`` interface avoids import hooks. It may therefore be more
+robust, at the cost of less idiomatic code. Use it as follows::
+
+    from future.moves import queue
+    from future.moves import socketserver
+    from future.moves.http.client import HTTPConnection
+    # etc.
+
+If you wish to achieve the effect of a two-level import such as this::
+
+    import http.client
+
+portably on both Python 2 and Python 3, note that Python currently does not
+support syntax like this::
+
+    from future.moves import http.client
+
+One workaround is to replace the dot with an underscore::
+
+    import future.moves.http.client as http_client
+
+
+Comparing future.moves and six.moves
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+``future.moves`` and ``six.moves`` provide a similar Python 3-style
+interface to the native standard library module definitions.
+
+The major difference is that the ``future.moves`` package is a real Python package
+(``future/moves/__init__.py``) with real modules provided as ``.py`` files, whereas
+``six.moves`` constructs fake ``_LazyModule`` module objects within the Python
+code and injects them into the ``sys.modules`` cache.
+
+The advantage of ``six.moves`` is that the code fits in a single module that can be
+copied into a project that seeks to eliminate external dependencies.
+
+The advantage of ``future.moves`` is that it is likely to be more robust in the
+face of magic like Django's auto-reloader and tools like ``py2exe`` and
+``cx_freeze``. See issues #51, #53, #56, and #63 in the ``six`` project for
+more detail of bugs related to the ``six.moves`` approach.
+
+
+``import_`` and ``from_import`` functions
+_________________________________________
+
+The functional interface is to use the ``import_`` and ``from_import``
+functions from ``future.standard_library`` as follows::
+
+    from future.standard_library import import_, from_import
+
+    http = import_('http.client')
+    urllib = import_('urllib.request')
+
+    urlopen, urlsplit = from_import('urllib.request', 'urlopen', 'urlsplit')
+
+This interface also works with two-level imports.
+
+
+Context-manager for import hooks
+________________________________
+
+The context-manager interface is via a context-manager called ``hooks``::
+
+    from future.standard_library import hooks
+    with hooks():
+        import socketserver
+        import queue
+        import configparser
+        import test.support
+        import html.parser
+        from collections import UserList
+        from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+        from http.client import HttpConnection
+        import urllib.request
+        # and other moved modules and definitions
+
+This interface is straightforward and effective, using PEP 302 import
+hooks. However, there are reports that this sometimes leads to problems
+(see issue #238). Until this is resolved, it is probably safer to use direct
+imports or one of the other import mechanisms listed above.
+
+
+install_hooks() call (deprecated)
+_________________________________
+
+The last interface to the reorganized standard library is via a call to
+``install_hooks()``::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+    import urllib
+    f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
+
+    standard_library.remove_hooks()
+
+If you use this interface, it is recommended to disable the import hooks again
+after use by calling ``remove_hooks()``, in order to prevent the futurized
+modules from being invoked inadvertently by other modules. (Python does not
+automatically disable import hooks at the end of a module, but keeps them
+active for the life of a process unless removed.)
+
+.. The call to ``scrub_future_sys_modules()`` removes any modules from the
+.. ``sys.modules`` cache (on Py2 only) that have Py3-style names, like ``http.client``.
+.. This can prevent libraries that have their own Py2/3 compatibility code from
+.. importing the ``future.moves`` or ``future.backports`` modules unintentionally.
+.. Code such as this will then fall through to using the Py2 standard library
+.. modules on Py2::
+..
+..     try:
+..         from http.client import HTTPConnection
+..     except ImportError:
+..         from httplib import HTTPConnection
+..
+.. **Requests**: The above snippet is from the `requests
+.. <http://docs.python-requests.org>`_ library. As of v0.12, the
+.. ``future.standard_library`` import hooks are compatible with Requests.
+
+
+.. If you wish to avoid changing every reference of ``http.client`` to
+.. ``http_client`` in your code, an alternative is this::
+..
+..     from future.standard_library import http
+..     from future.standard_library.http import client as _client
+..     http.client = client
+
+.. but it has the advantage that it can be used by automatic translation scripts such as ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize``.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/open_function.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/open_function.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7915d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/open_function.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+.. _open-function:
+
+open()
+------
+
+The Python 3 builtin :func:`open` function for opening files returns file
+contents as (unicode) strings unless the binary (``b``) flag is passed, as in::
+
+    open(filename, 'rb')
+
+in which case its methods like :func:`read` return Py3 :class:`bytes` objects.
+
+On Py2 with ``future`` installed, the :mod:`builtins` module provides an
+``open`` function that is mostly compatible with that on Python 3 (e.g. it
+offers keyword arguments like ``encoding``). This maps to the ``open`` backport
+available in the standard library :mod:`io` module on Py2.7.
+
+One difference to be aware of between the Python 3 ``open`` and
+``future.builtins.open`` on Python 2 is that the return types of methods such
+as :func:`read()` from the file object that ``open`` returns are not
+automatically cast from native bytes or unicode strings on Python 2 to the
+corresponding ``future.builtins.bytes`` or ``future.builtins.str`` types. If you
+need the returned data to behave the exactly same way on Py2 as on Py3, you can
+cast it explicitly as follows::
+
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+    from builtins import open, bytes
+
+    data = open('image.png', 'rb').read()
+    # On Py2, data is a standard 8-bit str with loose Unicode coercion.
+    # data + u'' would likely raise a UnicodeDecodeError
+
+    data = bytes(data)
+    # Now it behaves like a Py3 bytes object...
+
+    assert data[:4] == b'\x89PNG'
+    assert data[4] == 13     # integer
+    # Raises TypeError:
+    # data + u''
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/auto2to3.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/auto2to3.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3abd370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/auto2to3.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Wrapper to run 2to3 automatically at import time.
+
+Usage:
+  auto2to3 -m mypackage.main_module
+  auto2to3 mypackage/script.py
+
+By default, all modules imported from a subdirectory of the current
+directory will be run through `2to3`.  To change this behavior, use the
+`--package` or `--dir` flags to `auto2to3` to specify which packages or
+directories contain Python 2 code that should be converted.
+
+2to3 output is cached on disk between runs for speed.
+
+Based on auto2to3.py by Georg Brandl:
+http://dev.pocoo.org/hg/sandbox/file/tip/auto2to3.py
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import sys
+import imp
+import runpy
+from io import StringIO
+from pkgutil import ImpImporter, ImpLoader
+import runpy
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+import lib2to3
+from lib2to3.refactor import RefactoringTool, get_fixers_from_package
+
+fixes = get_fixers_from_package('lib2to3.fixes')
+rt = RefactoringTool(fixes)
+
+PACKAGES = []
+DIRS = []
+
+def maybe_2to3(filename, modname=None):
+    """Returns a python3 version of filename."""
+    need_2to3 = False
+    filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
+    if any(filename.startswith(d) for d in DIRS):
+        need_2to3 = True
+    elif modname is not None and any(modname.startswith(p) for p in PACKAGES):
+        need_2to3 = True
+    if not need_2to3:
+        return filename
+    outfilename = '/_auto2to3_'.join(os.path.split(filename))
+    if (not os.path.exists(outfilename) or
+        os.stat(filename).st_mtime > os.stat(outfilename).st_mtime):
+        try:
+            with open(filename) as file:
+                contents = file.read()
+            contents = rt.refactor_docstring(contents, filename)
+            tree = rt.refactor_string(contents, filename)
+        except Exception as err:
+            raise ImportError("2to3 couldn't convert %r" % filename)
+        outfile = open(outfilename, 'wb')
+        outfile.write(str(tree).encode('utf8'))
+        outfile.close()
+    return outfilename
+
+
+
+class ToThreeImporter(ImpImporter):
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        # this duplicates most of ImpImporter.find_module
+        subname = fullname.split(".")[-1]
+        if subname != fullname and self.path is None:
+            return None
+        if self.path is None:
+            path = None
+        else:
+            path = [os.path.realpath(self.path)]
+        try:
+            file, filename, etc = imp.find_module(subname, path)
+        except ImportError:
+            return None
+        if file and etc[2] == imp.PY_SOURCE:
+            outfilename = maybe_2to3(filename, modname=fullname)
+            if outfilename != filename:
+                file.close()
+                filename = outfilename
+                file = open(filename, 'rb')
+        return ImpLoader(fullname, file, filename, etc)
+
+
+# setup the hook
+sys.path_hooks.append(ToThreeImporter)
+for key in sys.path_importer_cache:
+    if sys.path_importer_cache[key] is None:
+        sys.path_importer_cache[key] = ToThreeImporter(key)
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--package', action='append')
+    parser.add_argument('--dir', action='append')
+    parser.add_argument('-m', action='store', metavar='MODULE')
+    args, rest = parser.parse_known_args()
+    if args.package:
+        PACKAGES.extend(args.package)
+    if args.dir:
+        DIRS.extend(os.path.abspath(d) for d in args.dir)
+    if not PACKAGES and not DIRS:
+        DIRS.append(os.getcwd())
+    if args.m:
+        sys.argv[1:] = rest
+        runpy.run_module(args.m, run_name='__main__', alter_sys=True)
+    elif rest:
+        sys.argv = rest
+        converted = maybe_2to3(rest[0])
+        with open(converted) as f:
+            new_globals = dict(__name__='__main__',
+                               __file__=rest[0])
+            exec(f.read(), new_globals)
+    else:
+        import code
+        code.interact()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/find_pattern.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/find_pattern.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a5da35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/find_pattern.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Script that makes determining PATTERN for a new [2to3] fix much easier.
+
+Figuring out exactly what PATTERN I want for a given fixer class is
+getting tedious. This script will step through each possible subtree
+for a given string, allowing you to select which one you want. It will
+then try to figure out an appropriate pattern to match that tree. This
+pattern will require some editing (it will be overly restrictive) but
+should provide a solid base to work with and handle the tricky parts.
+
+Usage:
+
+    python find_pattern.py "g.throw(E, V, T)"
+
+This will step through each subtree in the parse. To reject a
+candidate subtree, hit enter; to accept a candidate, hit "y" and
+enter. The pattern will be spit out to stdout.
+
+For example, the above will yield a succession of possible snippets,
+skipping all leaf-only trees. I accept
+
+'g.throw(E, V, T)'
+
+This causes find_pattern to spit out
+
+power< 'g' trailer< '.' 'throw' >
+           trailer< '(' arglist< 'E' ',' 'V' ',' 'T' > ')' > >
+
+
+Some minor tweaks later, I'm left with
+
+power< any trailer< '.' 'throw' >
+       trailer< '(' args=arglist< exc=any ',' val=any [',' tb=any] > ')' > >
+
+which is exactly what I was after.
+
+Larger snippets can be placed in a file (as opposed to a command-line
+arg) and processed with the -f option.
+"""
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+__author__ = "Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com>"
+
+# Python imports
+import optparse
+import sys
+from StringIO import StringIO
+
+# Local imports
+from lib2to3 import pytree
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import driver
+from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols, python_grammar
+
+driver = driver.Driver(python_grammar, convert=pytree.convert)
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage="find_pattern.py [options] [string]")
+    parser.add_option("-f", "--file", action="store",
+                      help="Read a code snippet from the specified file")
+
+    # Parse command line arguments
+    options, args = parser.parse_args(args)
+    if options.file:
+        tree = driver.parse_file(options.file)
+    elif len(args) > 1:
+        tree = driver.parse_stream(StringIO(args[1] + "\n"))
+    else:
+        print("You must specify an input file or an input string", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    examine_tree(tree)
+    return 0
+
+def examine_tree(tree):
+    for node in tree.post_order():
+        if isinstance(node, pytree.Leaf):
+            continue
+        print(repr(str(node)))
+        verdict = raw_input()
+        if verdict.strip():
+            print(find_pattern(node))
+            return
+
+def find_pattern(node):
+    if isinstance(node, pytree.Leaf):
+        return repr(node.value)
+
+    return find_symbol(node.type) + \
+           "< " + " ".join(find_pattern(n) for n in node.children) + " >"
+
+def find_symbol(sym):
+    for n, v in python_symbols.__dict__.items():
+        if v == sym:
+            return n
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c2205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+A script to re-enable colour in .html files produced from IPython notebooks.
+
+Based on a script in a GitHub gist with this copyright notice:
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Copyright (c) 2013 - Damián Avila
+#
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+#
+# A little snippet to fix @media print issue printing slides from IPython
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+"""
+
+import io
+import sys
+
+notebook = sys.argv[1]
+assert notebook.endswith('.html')
+# notebook = 'jevans.ipynb'
+path = notebook[:-5] + '.html'
+flag = u'@media print{*{text-shadow:none !important;color:#000 !important'
+
+with io.open(path, 'r') as in_file:
+    data = in_file.readlines()
+    for i, line in enumerate(data):
+        if line[:64] == flag:
+            data[i] = data[i].replace('color:#000 !important;', '')
+
+with io.open(path, 'w') as out_file:
+    out_file.writelines(data)
+
+print("You can now print your slides")
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/lessons.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/lessons.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ede523c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/lessons.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+The escape() function in this file in Django 1.4:
+
+    /home/user/VirtualEnvs/mezzanine/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/html.py
+
+atttempts to use the unicode replace method with byte strings. This
+causes this exception when running the Mezzanine tests using the newstr
+object:
+
+      File "/home/user/VirtualEnvs/mezzanine/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/html.py", line 36, in escape
+        return mark_safe(force_unicode(html).replace('&', '&amp;').replace('<', '&lt;').replace('>', '&gt;').replace('"', '&quot;').replace("'", '&#39;'))
+      File "/home/user/VirtualEnvs/mezzanine/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/future-0.9.0_dev-py2.7.egg/future/builtins/backports/__init__.py", line 145, in wrapper
+        raise TypeError(errmsg.format(mytype))
+    TypeError: argument can't be <type 'str'>
+
+
+Comment to add to prevent Pylint from issuing warnings on ``from
+future.builtins import *``:
+
+    # pylint: disable=W0622,W0401
+
+INCOMPATIBLE: array.array()
+
+Python 2:
+	>>> array.array(b'b')
+	array.array(b'b')
+
+	>>> array.array(u'u')
+	TypeError: must be char, not unicode
+
+Python 3:
+	>>> array.array(b'b')
+	TypeError: must be a unicode character, not bytes
+
+	>>> array.array(u'b')
+	array('b')
+
+Maybe use on Py2:
+	>>> array.array(u'b'.encode('ascii')) ??
+
+Long int syntax (e.g. 1000000L) is incompatible with Py3.
+We probably shouldn't shadow int with long on Py2 because then isinstance(1, int) is False
+
+Python 2's bytes object is nothing like Python 3's bytes object!
+Running test_bytes.py from Py3 on Py2 (after fixing imports) gives this:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+Ran 203 tests in 0.209s
+
+FAILED (failures=31, errors=55, skipped=1)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/todo.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/todo.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..def7b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/todo.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Import open() from codecs to shadow the Py2 open()?
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5c272d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# On the local machine
+
+git checkout v0.16.0  # or whatever
+rm -Rf docs/build/
+cd docs; make html
+cp cheatsheet.pdf /shared/
+cd build
+touch /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip
+rm /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip
+zip -r /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip *
+
+scp /shared/python-future-html-docs.zip python-future.org:
+scp /shared/cheatsheet.pdf python-future.org:
+ssh python-future.org
+
+
+# On the remote machine:
+
+cd /var/www/python-future.org/
+unzip -o ~/python-future-html-docs.zip
+chmod a+r * html/* html/_static/*
+cp ~/cheatsheet.pdf ./html/compatible_idioms.pdf
+cp ~/cheatsheet.pdf ./html/cheatsheet.pdf
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/useful_links.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/useful_links.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abb9684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/other/useful_links.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+Official words on porting:
+--------------------------
+http://docs.python.org/2/howto/pyporting.html
+http://wiki.python.org/moin/Python2orPython3
+
+Other docs to read about porting to Py3:
+----------------------------------------
+
+https://github.com/nltk/nltk/blob/2and3/web/dev/python3porting.rst (particularly about doctests)
+https://ep2013.europython.eu/media/conference/slides/python-3-the-next-generation-is-here-already.pdf
+http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2011/1/22/forwards-compatible-python/
+Supporting both 2 and 3 without 2to3 conversion: http://python3porting.com/noconv.html
+http://python3porting.com/strategies.html
+http://techspot.zzzeek.org/2011/01/24/zzzeek-s-guide-to-python-3-porting/
+http://dabeaz.blogspot.com.au/2011/01/porting-py65-and-my-superboard-to.html
+http://wolfprojects.altervista.org/talks/unicode-and-python-3/
+
+Porting Django apps: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/python3/
+http://www.wefearchange.org/2012/01/python-3-porting-fun-redux.html
+
+http://lucumr.pocoo.org/2011/12/7/thoughts-on-python3/
+
+http://python3porting.com/fixers.html
+http://washort.twistedmatrix.com/2010/11/unicode-in-python-and-how-to-prevent-it.html
+http://docs.python.org/release/3.0.1/whatsnew/3.0.html
+https://pypi.org/project/unicode-nazi/
+http://www.rmi.net/~lutz/strings30.html
+
+"Porting your code to Python 3": Alexandre Vassalotti: peadrop.com/slides/mp5.pdf
+
+Migration problems:
+-------------------
+http://python3porting.com/problems.html
+http://www.wefearchange.org/2012/01/python-3-porting-fun-redux.html
+
+Six module: http://pythonhosted.org/six/
+
+Dive Into Python: Appendix A: Porting Code to Python 3 with 2to3: http://getpython3.com/diveintopython3/porting-code-to-python-3-with-2to3.html
+
+Stdlib reorganization: http://python3porting.com/stdlib.html
+
+python-modernize: https://github.com/mitsuhiko/python-modernize
+
+2to3 docs describing the different fixers: http://docs.python.org/2/library/2to3.html
+
+Injecting code into running Python processes (hopefully not needed): https://pypi.org/project/pyrasite/2.0/
+
+Withdrawn PEP to help with the Py3k standard library transition: http://www.peps.io/364/
+
+Import hooks
+------------
+http://www.peps.io/302/
+"Hacking Python imports ... for fun and profit": blog post from 2012-05: http://xion.org.pl/2012/05/06/hacking-python-imports/
+
+Full importlib backport to Py2: https://pypi.org/project/backport_importlib/0...1/
+
+Python 2.7 importlib subset: http://docs.python.org/2/whatsnew/2.7.html#importlib-section
+
+Post-import hooks (rendered obsolete by importlib): http://blog.cdleary.com/2009/04/monstrous-polymorphism-and-a-python-post-import-hook-decorator/
+
+'An import hook for Python 3 that removes u prefixes '
+                 'from Python source code before compiling it.': https://bitbucket.org/vinay.sajip/uprefix/
+
+
+__future__ imports
+------------------
+http://simeonvisser.com/posts/how-does-from-future-import-work-in-python.html
+http://docs.python.org/2/library/__future__.html
+
+lib3to2
+-------
+https://bitbucket.org/amentajo/lib3to2
+http://www.startcodon.com/wordpress/category/3to2/
+
+Unicode and bytes
+-----------------
+PEPs: 358, 3112, 3137, 3138
+http://python3porting.com/noconv.html#unicode-section
+Unicode literals u'...' back in Python 3.3: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0414/
+https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/utils/encoding.py
+https://pypi.org/project/unicode-nazi/
+http://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes-methods
+http://wolfprojects.altervista.org/talks/unicode-and-python-3/
+Buffer protocol (which bytes and bytes-like objects obey): http://docs.python.org/3.3/c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects
+
+
+Python's future
+----------------
+https://ncoghlan-devs-python-notes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python3/questions_and_answers.html
+
+http://www.ironfroggy.com/software/i-am-worried-about-the-future-of-python
+
+Backporting
+-----------
+http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7507492/is-backporting-python-3s-range-to-python-2-a-bad-idea
+
+
+Other
+-----
+Type-checking decorators (maybe useful for implementing a Py3-like bytes
+object in Py2): http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#Type_Enforcement_.28accepts.2Freturns.29
+Also: typecheck module on PyPI
+
+To categorize
+-------------
+
+https://pypi.org/project/awkwardduet/1.1a4/
+https://github.com/campadrenalin/persei/blob/master/persei.py
+http://slideshare.net/dabeaz/mastering-python-3-io
+http://rmi.net/~lutz/strings30.html
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/overview.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/overview.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72a3355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/overview.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.. include:: ../README.rst
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/pasteurize.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/pasteurize.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..070b5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/pasteurize.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+.. _backwards-conversion:
+
+``pasteurize``: Py3 to Py2/3
+----------------------------
+
+Running ``pasteurize -w mypy3module.py`` turns this Python 3 code::
+
+    import configparser
+    import copyreg
+
+    class Blah:
+        pass
+    print('Hello', end=None)
+
+into this code which runs on both Py2 and Py3::
+
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+    import configparser
+    import copyreg
+
+    class Blah(object):
+        pass
+    print('Hello', end=None)
+
+Notice that both ``futurize`` and ``pasteurize`` create explicit new-style
+classes that inherit from ``object`` on both Python versions, and both
+refer to stdlib modules (as well as builtins) under their Py3 names.
+
+Note also that the ``configparser`` module is a special case; there is a full
+backport available on PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/configparser/), so, as
+of v0.16.0, ``python-future`` no longer provides a ``configparser`` package
+alias. To use the resulting code on Py2, install the ``configparser`` backport
+with ``pip install configparser`` or by adding it to your ``requirements.txt``
+file.
+
+``pasteurize`` also handles the following Python 3 features:
+
+- keyword-only arguments
+- metaclasses (using :func:`~future.utils.with_metaclass`)
+- extended tuple unpacking (PEP 3132)
+
+To handle function annotations (PEP 3107), see :ref:`func_annotations`.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/quickstart.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/quickstart.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6042e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/quickstart.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+.. _quickstart-guide:
+
+Quick-start guide
+=================
+
+You can use ``future`` to help to port your code from Python 2 to Python 3
+today -- and still have it run on Python 2.
+
+If you already have Python 3 code, you can instead use ``future`` to
+offer Python 2 compatibility with almost no extra work.
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+To install the latest stable version, type::
+
+    pip install future
+
+If you would prefer the latest development version, it is available `here
+<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_.
+
+
+If you are writing code from scratch
+------------------------------------
+
+The easiest way is to start each new module with these lines::
+
+    from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                            print_function, unicode_literals)
+    from builtins import *
+
+Then write standard Python 3 code. The :mod:`future` package will
+provide support for running your code on Python 2.7, and 3.4+ mostly
+unchanged.
+
+- For explicit import forms, see :ref:`explicit-imports`.
+- For more details, see :ref:`what-else`.
+- For a cheat sheet, see :ref:`compatible-idioms`.
+
+
+To convert existing Python 3 code
+---------------------------------
+
+To offer backward compatibility with Python 2 from your Python 3 code,
+you can use the ``pasteurize`` script. This adds these lines at the top of each
+module::
+
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from __future__ import division
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+    from builtins import open
+    from builtins import str
+    # etc., as needed
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+and converts several Python 3-only constructs (like keyword-only arguments) to a
+form compatible with both Py3 and Py2. Most remaining Python 3 code should
+simply work on Python 2.
+
+See :ref:`backwards-conversion` for more details.
+
+
+To convert existing Python 2 code
+---------------------------------
+
+.. include:: futurize_overview.rst
+
+See :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage1` and :ref:`forwards-conversion-stage2` for more details.
+
+.. If you already know Python 3, start with the :ref:`automatic-conversion` page.
+.. If you don't know Python 3 yet, start with :ref:`python3-essentials`.
+
+
+.. _standard-library:
+
+Standard library reorganization
+-------------------------------
+
+:mod:`future` supports the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108) via
+one of several mechanisms, allowing most moved standard library modules
+to be accessed under their Python 3 names and locations in Python 2::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+    # Then these Py3-style imports work on both Python 2 and Python 3:
+    import socketserver
+    import queue
+    from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+    from collections import ChainMap  # even on Py2.7
+    from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+
+    import html
+    import html.entities
+    import html.parser
+
+    import http
+    import http.client
+    import http.server
+    import http.cookies
+    import http.cookiejar
+
+    import urllib.request
+    import urllib.parse
+    import urllib.response
+    import urllib.error
+    import urllib.robotparser
+
+    import xmlrpc.client
+    import xmlrpc.server
+
+and others. For a complete list, see :ref:`direct-imports`.
+
+.. _py2-dependencies:
+
+Python 2-only dependencies
+--------------------------
+
+If you have dependencies that support only Python 2, you may be able to use the
+``past`` module to automatically translate these Python 2 modules to Python 3
+upon import. First, install the Python 2-only package into your Python 3
+environment::
+
+    $ pip3 install mypackagename --no-compile   # to ignore SyntaxErrors
+
+(or use ``pip`` if this points to your Py3 environment.)
+
+Then add the following code at the top of your (Py3 or Py2/3-compatible)
+code::
+
+    from past.translation import autotranslate
+    autotranslate(['mypackagename'])
+    import mypackagename
+
+This feature is experimental, and we would appreciate your feedback on
+how well this works or doesn't work for you. Please file an issue `here
+<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_ or post to the
+`python-porting <https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-porting>`_
+mailing list.
+
+For more information on the automatic translation feature, see :ref:`translation`.
+
+
+Next steps
+----------
+For more information about writing Py2/3-compatible code, see:
+
+- :ref:`compatible-idioms`
+- :ref:`what-else`.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/reference.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/reference.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9ac5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/reference.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+API Reference (in progress)
+***************************
+
+**NOTE: This page is still a work in progress... We need to go through our
+docstrings and make them sphinx-compliant, and figure out how to improve
+formatting with the sphinx-bootstrap-theme plugin. Pull requests would be
+very welcome.**
+
+
+.. contents::
+    :local:
+    :depth: 2
+
+future.builtins Interface
+=========================
+
+.. automodule:: future.builtins
+    :members:
+
+.. Docs are also in future-builtins.rst. Extract these and put them into the
+.. relevant docstrings.
+
+
+Backported types from Python 3
+==============================
+
+.. automodule:: future.types
+    :members:
+
+
+future.standard_library Interface
+=================================
+
+.. automodule:: future.standard_library
+    :members:
+
+
+future.utils Interface
+======================
+
+.. automodule:: future.utils
+    :members:
+
+
+past.builtins Interface
+=========================
+
+.. automodule:: past.builtins
+    :members:
+
+.. Docs are also in future-builtins.rst. Extract these and put them into the
+.. relevant docstrings.
+
+
+Forward-ported types from Python 2
+==================================
+
+.. automodule:: past.types
+    :members:
+
+
+
+.. bytes
+.. -----
+.. .. automodule:: future.types.newbytes
+..
+.. dict
+.. -----
+.. .. automodule:: future.types.newdict
+..
+.. int
+.. ---
+.. .. automodule:: future.builtins.backports.newint
+..
+.. range
+.. -----
+.. .. automodule:: future.types.newrange
+..
+.. str
+.. ---
+.. .. automodule:: future.types.newstr
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/roadmap.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/roadmap.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5020d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/roadmap.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Development roadmap
+===================
+
+futurize script
+---------------
+
+1. "Safe" mode -- from Py2 to modern Py2 or Py3 to more-compatible Py3
+
+   - Split the fixers into two categories: safe and bold
+   - Safe is highly unlikely to break existing Py2 or Py3 support. The
+     output of this still requires :mod:`future` imports. Examples:
+
+      - Compatible metaclass syntax on Py3
+      - Explicit inheritance from object on Py3
+
+   - Bold might make assumptions about which strings on Py2 should be
+     unicode strings and which should be bytestrings.
+
+     - We should also build up a database of which standard library
+       interfaces on Py2 and Py3 accept unicode strings versus
+       byte-strings, which have changed, and which haven't.
+
+2. Windows support
+
+future package
+--------------
+
+- [Done] Add more tests for bytes ... preferably all from test_bytes.py in Py3.3.
+- [Done] Add remove_hooks() and install_hooks() as functions in the
+  :mod:`future.standard_library` module. (See the uprefix module for how
+  to do this.)
+
+Experimental:
+- Add::
+
+    from future import bytes_literals
+    from future import new_metaclass_syntax
+    from future import new_style_classes
+
+- [Done] Maybe::
+
+    from future.builtins import str
+
+  should import a custom str is a Py3 str-like object which inherits from unicode and
+  removes the decode() method and has any other Py3-like behaviours
+  (possibly stricter casting?)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/standard_library_imports.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/standard_library_imports.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6044254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/standard_library_imports.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+.. _standard-library-imports:
+
+Standard library imports
+------------------------
+
+:mod:`future` supports the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108) through
+several mechanisms.
+
+.. _direct-imports:
+
+Direct imports
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+As of version 0.14, the ``future`` package comes with top-level packages for
+Python 2.x that provide access to the reorganized standard library modules
+under their Python 3.x names.
+
+Direct imports are the preferred mechanism for accesing the renamed standard
+library modules in Python 2/3 compatible code. For example, the following clean
+Python 3 code runs unchanged on Python 2 after installing ``future``::
+
+    >>> # Alias for future.builtins on Py2:
+    >>> from builtins import str, open, range, dict
+
+    >>> # Top-level packages with Py3 names provided on Py2:
+    >>> import queue
+    >>> import tkinter.dialog
+    >>> etc.
+
+Notice that this code actually runs on Python 3 without the presence of the
+``future`` package.
+
+Of the 44 modules that were refactored with PEP 3108 (standard library
+reorganization), 29 are supported with direct imports in the above manner. The
+complete list is here::
+
+    ### Renamed modules:
+
+    import builtins
+
+    import copyreg
+
+    import html
+    import html.entities
+    import html.parser
+
+    import http.client
+    import http.cookies
+    import http.cookiejar
+    import http.server
+
+    import queue
+
+    import reprlib
+
+    import socketserver
+
+    from tkinter import colorchooser
+    from tkinter import commondialog
+    from tkinter import constants
+    from tkinter import dialog
+    from tkinter import dnd
+    from tkinter import filedialog
+    from tkinter import font
+    from tkinter import messagebox
+    from tkinter import scrolledtext
+    from tkinter import simpledialog
+    from tkinter import tix
+    from tkinter import ttk
+
+    import winreg                    # Windows only
+
+    import xmlrpc.client
+    import xmlrpc.server
+
+    import _dummy_thread
+    import _markupbase
+    import _thread
+
+Note that, as of v0.16.0, ``python-future`` no longer includes an alias for the
+``configparser`` module because a full backport exists (see https://pypi.org/project/configparser/).
+
+.. _list-standard-library-refactored:
+
+Aliased imports
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following 14 modules were refactored or extended from Python 2.7 to 3.x
+but were neither renamed in Py3.x nor were the new APIs backported to Py2.x.
+This precludes compatibility interfaces that work out-of-the-box. Instead, the
+``future`` package makes the Python 3.x APIs available on Python 2.x as
+follows::
+
+    from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    install_aliases()
+
+    from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+
+    import urllib.parse
+    import urllib.request
+    import urllib.response
+    import urllib.robotparser
+    import urllib.error
+
+    import dbm
+    import dbm.dumb
+    import dbm.gnu                # requires Python dbm support
+    import dbm.ndbm               # requires Python dbm support
+
+    from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+
+    from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+
+    from sys import intern
+
+    import test.support
+
+
+The newly exposed ``urllib`` submodules are backports of those from Py3.x.
+This means, for example, that ``urllib.parse.unquote()`` now exists and takes
+an optional ``encoding`` argument on Py2.x as it does on Py3.x.
+
+**Limitation:** Note that the ``http``-based backports do not currently support
+HTTPS (as of 2015-09-11) because the SSL support changed considerably in Python
+3.x. If you need HTTPS support, please use this idiom for now::
+
+    from future.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
+
+Backports also exist of the following features from Python 3.4:
+
+- ``math.ceil`` returns an int on Py3
+- ``collections.ChainMap``     (for 2.7)
+- ``reprlib.recursive_repr``   (for 2.7)
+
+These can then be imported on Python 2.7+ as follows::
+
+    from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    install_aliases()
+
+    from math import ceil      # now returns an int
+    from collections import ChainMap
+    from reprlib import recursive_repr
+
+
+External standard-library backports
+-----------------------------------
+
+Backports of the following modules from the Python 3.x standard library are
+available independently of the python-future project::
+
+    import enum                       # pip install enum34
+    import singledispatch             # pip install singledispatch
+    import pathlib                    # pip install pathlib
+
+A few modules from Python 3.4 are also available in the ``backports``
+package namespace after ``pip install backports.lzma`` etc.::
+
+    from backports import lzma
+    from backports import functools_lru_cache as lru_cache
+
+
+Included full backports
+-----------------------
+
+Alpha-quality full backports of the following modules from Python 3.3's
+standard library to Python 2.x are also available in ``future.backports``::
+
+    http.client
+    http.server
+    html.entities
+    html.parser
+    urllib
+    xmlrpc.client
+    xmlrpc.server
+
+The goal for these modules, unlike the modules in the ``future.moves`` package
+or top-level namespace, is to backport new functionality introduced in Python
+3.3.
+
+If you need the full backport of one of these packages, please open an issue `here
+<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future>`_.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f2217d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+.. _stdlib-incompatibilities:
+
+Standard library incompatibilities
+==================================
+
+Some standard library interfaces have changed in ways that require
+different code than normal Py3 code in order to achieve Py2/3
+compatibility.
+
+Here we will attempt to document these, together with known workarounds:
+
+.. csv-table:: Standard library incompatibilities
+   :header: "module", "object / feature", "section"
+   :widths: 10, 20, 15
+
+   ``array``, ``array`` constructor, :ref:`stdlib-array-constructor`
+   ``array``, ``array.read()`` method, :ref:`stdlib-array-read`
+   ``base64``, ``decodebytes()`` function, :ref:`stdlib-base64-decodebytes`
+   ``re``, ``ASCII`` mode, :ref:`stdlib-re-ASCII`
+
+To contribute to this, please email the python-porting list or send a
+pull request. See :ref:`contributing`.
+
+
+.. _stdlib-array-constructor:
+
+array.array()
+-------------
+
+The first argument to ``array.array(typecode[, initializer])`` must be a native
+platform string: unicode string on Python 3, byte string on Python 2.
+
+Python 2::
+    >>> array.array(b'b')
+    array.array(b'b')
+
+    >>> array.array(u'u')
+    TypeError: must be char, not unicode
+
+Python 3::
+    >>> array.array(b'b')
+    TypeError: must be a unicode character, not bytes
+
+    >>> array.array(u'b')
+    array('b')
+
+This means that the typecode cannot be specified portably across Python 3 and Python 2
+with a single string literal when ``from __future__ import unicode_literals`` is in effect.
+
+You can use the following code on both Python 3 and Python 2::
+
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+    from future.utils import bytes_to_native_str
+    import array
+
+    # ...
+
+    a = array.array(bytes_to_native_str(b'b'))
+
+This was `fixed in Python 2.7.11
+<https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/6d1b6a68f775/Misc/NEWS#l233>`_.
+Since then, ``array.array()`` now also accepts unicode format typecode.
+
+.. _stdlib-array-read:
+
+array.array.read()
+------------------
+This method has been removed in Py3. This crops up in e.g. porting ``http.client``.
+
+
+.. _stdlib-base64-decodebytes:
+
+base64.decodebytes() and base64.encodebytes()
+---------------------------------------------
+The ``base64`` module on Py2 has no ``decodebytes`` or ``encodebytes`` functions.
+
+
+.. _stdlib-re-ASCII:
+
+re.ASCII
+--------
+Python 3 code using regular expressions sometimes looks like this (from
+:mod:`urllib.request`)::
+
+    re.compile(r":\d+$", re.ASCII)
+
+This enables 'ASCII mode' for regular expressions (see the docs `here
+<http://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.ASCII>`_). Python 2's
+:mod:`re` module has no equivalent mode.
+
+struct.pack()
+-------------
+
+Before Python version 2.7.7, the :func:`struct.pack` function
+required a native string as its format argument. For example::
+
+    >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals
+    >>> from struct import pack
+    >>> pack('<4H2I', version, rec_type, build, year, file_hist_flags, ver_can_read)
+
+raised ``TypeError: Struct() argument 1 must be string, not unicode``.
+
+This was `fixed in Python 2.7.7
+<https://hg.python.org/cpython/raw-file/f89216059edf/Misc/NEWS>`_.
+Since then, ``struct.pack()`` now also accepts unicode format
+strings.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/str_object.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/str_object.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c5257a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/str_object.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+.. _str-object:
+
+str
+-----
+
+The :class:`str` object in Python 3 is quite similar but not identical to the
+Python 2 :class:`unicode` object.
+
+The major difference is the stricter type-checking of Py3's ``str`` that
+enforces a distinction between unicode strings and byte-strings, such as when
+comparing, concatenating, joining, or replacing parts of strings.
+
+There are also other differences, such as the ``repr`` of unicode strings in
+Py2 having a ``u'...'`` prefix, versus simply ``'...'``, and the removal of
+the :func:`str.decode` method in Py3.
+
+:mod:`future` contains a :class:`newstr`` type that is a backport of the
+:mod:`str` object from Python 3. This inherits from the Python 2
+:class:`unicode` class but has customizations to improve compatibility with
+Python 3's :class:`str` object. You can use it as follows::
+
+    >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals
+    >>> from builtins import str
+
+On Py2, this gives us::
+
+    >>> str
+    future.types.newstr.newstr
+
+(On Py3, it is simply the usual builtin :class:`str` object.)
+
+Then, for example, the following code has the same effect on Py2 as on Py3::
+
+    >>> s = str(u'ABCD')
+    >>> assert s != b'ABCD'
+    >>> assert isinstance(s.encode('utf-8'), bytes)
+    >>> assert isinstance(b.decode('utf-8'), str)
+
+    These raise TypeErrors:
+
+    >>> bytes(b'B') in s
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    TypeError: 'in <string>' requires string as left operand, not <type 'str'>
+
+    >>> s.find(bytes(b'A'))
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+    TypeError: argument can't be <type 'str'>
+
+Various other operations that mix strings and bytes or other types are
+permitted on Py2 with the :class:`newstr` class even though they
+are illegal with Python 3. For example::
+
+    >>> s2 = b'/' + str('ABCD')
+    >>> s2
+    '/ABCD'
+    >>> type(s2)
+    future.types.newstr.newstr
+
+This is allowed for compatibility with parts of the Python 2 standard
+library and various third-party libraries that mix byte-strings and unicode
+strings loosely. One example is ``os.path.join`` on Python 2, which
+attempts to add the byte-string ``b'/'`` to its arguments, whether or not
+they are unicode. (See ``posixpath.py``.) Another example is the
+:func:`escape` function in Django 1.4's :mod:`django.utils.html`.
+
+
+.. For example, this is permissible on Py2::
+..
+..     >>> u'u' > 10
+..     True
+..
+..     >>> u'u' <= b'u'
+..     True
+..
+.. On Py3, these raise TypeErrors.
+
+In most other ways, these :class:`builtins.str` objects on Py2 have the
+same behaviours as Python 3's :class:`str`::
+
+    >>> s = str('ABCD')
+    >>> assert repr(s) == 'ABCD'      # consistent repr with Py3 (no u prefix)
+    >>> assert list(s) == ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
+    >>> assert s.split('B') == ['A', 'CD']
+
+
+The :class:`str` type from :mod:`builtins` also provides support for the
+``surrogateescape`` error handler on Python 2.x. Here is an example that works
+identically on Python 2.x and 3.x::
+
+    >>> from builtins import str
+    >>> s = str(u'\udcff')
+    >>> s.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')
+    b'\xff'
+
+This feature is in alpha. Please leave feedback `here
+<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/issues>`_ about whether this
+works for you.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/translation.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/translation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..632c46b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/translation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+.. _translation:
+
+Using Python 2-only dependencies on Python 3
+--------------------------------------------
+
+The ``past`` module provides an experimental ``translation`` package to help
+with importing and using old Python 2 modules in a Python 3 environment.
+
+This is implemented using PEP 414 import hooks together with fixers from
+``lib2to3`` and ``libfuturize`` (included with ``python-future``) that
+attempt to automatically translate Python 2 code to Python 3 code with equivalent
+semantics upon import.
+
+*Note* This feature is still in alpha and needs further development to support a
+full range of real-world Python 2 modules. Also be aware that the API for
+this package might change considerably in later versions.
+
+Here is how to use it::
+
+    $ pip3 install plotrique==0.2.5-7 --no-compile   # to ignore SyntaxErrors
+    $ python3
+
+Then pass in a whitelist of module name prefixes to the
+``past.translation.autotranslate()`` function. Example::
+
+    >>> from past.translation import autotranslate
+    >>> autotranslate(['plotrique'])
+    >>> import plotrique
+
+Here is another example::
+
+    >>> from past.translation import install_hooks, remove_hooks
+    >>> install_hooks(['mypy2module'])
+    >>> import mypy2module
+    >>> remove_hooks()
+
+This will translate, import and run Python 2 code such as the following::
+
+    ### File: mypy2module.py
+
+    # Print statements are translated transparently to functions:
+    print 'Hello from a print statement'
+
+    # xrange() is translated to Py3's range():
+    total = 0
+    for i in xrange(10):
+        total += i
+    print 'Total is: %d' % total
+
+    # Dictionary methods like .keys() and .items() are supported and
+    # return lists as on Python 2:
+    d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+    assert d.keys() == ['a', 'b']
+    assert isinstance(d.items(), list)
+
+    # Functions like range, reduce, map, filter also return lists:
+    assert isinstance(range(10), list)
+
+    # The exec statement is supported:
+    exec 'total += 1'
+    print 'Total is now: %d' % total
+
+    # Long integers are supported:
+    k = 1234983424324L
+    print 'k + 1 = %d' % k
+
+    # Most renamed standard library modules are supported:
+    import ConfigParser
+    import HTMLParser
+    import urllib
+
+
+The attributes of the module are then accessible normally from Python 3.
+For example::
+
+    # This Python 3 code works
+    >>> type(mypy2module.d)
+    builtins.dict
+
+This is a standard Python 3 data type, so, when called from Python 3 code,
+``keys()`` returns a view, not a list::
+
+    >>> type(mypy2module.d.keys())
+    builtins.dict_keys
+
+
+.. _translation-limitations:
+
+Known limitations of ``past.translation``
+*****************************************
+
+- It currently requires a newline at the end of the module or it throws a
+  ``ParseError``.
+
+- This only works with pure-Python modules. C extension modules and Cython code
+  are not supported.
+
+- The biggest hurdle to automatic translation is likely to be ambiguity
+  about byte-strings and text (unicode strings) in the Python 2 code. If the
+  ``past.autotranslate`` feature fails because of this, you could try
+  running ``futurize`` over the code and adding a ``b''`` or ``u''`` prefix to
+  the relevant string literals. To convert between byte-strings and text (unicode
+  strings), add an ``.encode`` or ``.decode`` method call. If this succeeds,
+  please push your patches upstream to the package maintainers.
+
+- Otherwise, the source translation feature offered by the ``past.translation``
+  package has similar limitations to the ``futurize`` script (see
+  :ref:`futurize-limitations`). Help developing and testing this feature further
+  would be particularly welcome.
+
+Please report any bugs you find on the ``python-future`` `bug tracker
+<https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future/>`_.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/unicode_literals.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/unicode_literals.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7252e4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/unicode_literals.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+.. _unicode-literals:
+
+Should I import unicode_literals?
+---------------------------------
+
+The ``future`` package can be used with or without ``unicode_literals``
+imports.
+
+In general, it is more compelling to use ``unicode_literals`` when
+back-porting new or existing Python 3 code to Python 2/3 than when porting
+existing Python 2 code to 2/3. In the latter case, explicitly marking up all
+unicode string literals with ``u''`` prefixes would help to avoid
+unintentionally changing the existing Python 2 API. However, if changing the
+existing Python 2 API is not a concern, using ``unicode_literals`` may speed up
+the porting process.
+
+This section summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of using
+``unicode_literals``. To avoid confusion, we recommend using
+``unicode_literals`` everywhere across a code-base or not at all, instead of
+turning on for only some modules.
+
+
+
+Benefits
+~~~~~~~~
+
+1. String literals are unicode on Python 3. Making them unicode on Python 2
+   leads to more consistency of your string types across the two
+   runtimes. This can make it easier to understand and debug your code.
+
+2. Code without ``u''`` prefixes is cleaner, one of the claimed advantages
+   of Python 3. Even though some unicode strings would require a function
+   call to invert them to native strings for some Python 2 APIs (see
+   :ref:`stdlib-incompatibilities`), the incidence of these function calls
+   would usually be much lower than the incidence of ``u''`` prefixes for text
+   strings in the absence of ``unicode_literals``.
+
+3. The diff when porting to a Python 2/3-compatible codebase may be smaller,
+   less noisy, and easier to review with ``unicode_literals`` than if an
+   explicit ``u''`` prefix is added to every unadorned string literal.
+
+4. If support for Python 3.2 is required (e.g. for Ubuntu 12.04 LTS or
+   Debian wheezy), ``u''`` prefixes are a ``SyntaxError``, making
+   ``unicode_literals`` the only option for a Python 2/3 compatible
+   codebase. [However, note that ``future`` doesn't support Python 3.0-3.2.]
+
+
+Drawbacks
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+1. Adding ``unicode_literals`` to a module amounts to a "global flag day" for
+   that module, changing the data types of all strings in the module at once.
+   Cautious developers may prefer an incremental approach. (See
+   `here <http://lwn.net/Articles/165039/>`_ for an excellent article
+   describing the superiority of an incremental patch-set in the the case
+   of the Linux kernel.)
+
+.. This is a larger-scale change than adding explicit ``u''`` prefixes to
+..  all strings that should be Unicode.
+
+2. Changing to ``unicode_literals`` will likely introduce regressions on
+   Python 2 that require an initial investment of time to find and fix. The
+   APIs may be changed in subtle ways that are not immediately obvious.
+
+   An example on Python 2::
+
+       ### Module: mypaths.py
+
+       ...
+       def unix_style_path(path):
+           return path.replace('\\', '/')
+       ...
+
+       ### User code:
+
+       >>> path1 = '\\Users\\Ed'
+       >>> unix_style_path(path1)
+       '/Users/ed'
+
+   On Python 2, adding a ``unicode_literals`` import to ``mypaths.py`` would
+   change the return type of the ``unix_style_path`` function from ``str`` to
+   ``unicode`` in the user code, which is difficult to anticipate and probably
+   unintended.
+
+   The counter-argument is that this code is broken, in a portability
+   sense; we see this from Python 3 raising a ``TypeError`` upon passing the
+   function a byte-string. The code needs to be changed to make explicit
+   whether the ``path`` argument is to be a byte string or a unicode string.
+
+3. With ``unicode_literals`` in effect, there is no way to specify a native
+   string literal (``str`` type on both platforms). This can be worked around as follows::
+
+       >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals
+       >>> ...
+       >>> from future.utils import bytes_to_native_str as n
+
+       >>> s = n(b'ABCD')
+       >>> s
+       'ABCD'  # on both Py2 and Py3
+
+   although this incurs a performance penalty (a function call and, on Py3,
+   a ``decode`` method call.)
+
+   This is a little awkward because various Python library APIs (standard
+   and non-standard) require a native string to be passed on both Py2
+   and Py3. (See :ref:`stdlib-incompatibilities` for some examples. WSGI
+   dictionaries are another.)
+
+3. If a codebase already explicitly marks up all text with ``u''`` prefixes,
+   and if support for Python versions 3.0-3.2 can be dropped, then
+   removing the existing ``u''`` prefixes and replacing these with
+   ``unicode_literals`` imports (the porting approach Django used) would
+   introduce more noise into the patch and make it more difficult to review.
+   However, note that the ``futurize`` script takes advantage of PEP 414 and
+   does not remove explicit ``u''`` prefixes that already exist.
+
+4. Turning on ``unicode_literals`` converts even docstrings to unicode, but
+   Pydoc breaks with unicode docstrings containing non-ASCII characters for
+   Python versions < 2.7.7. (`Fix
+   committed <http://bugs.python.org/issue1065986#msg207403>`_ in Jan 2014.)::
+
+       >>> def f():
+       ...     u"Author: Martin von Löwis"
+
+       >>> help(f)
+
+       /Users/schofield/Install/anaconda/python.app/Contents/lib/python2.7/pydoc.pyc in pipepager(text, cmd)
+          1376     pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w')
+          1377     try:
+       -> 1378         pipe.write(text)
+          1379         pipe.close()
+          1380     except IOError:
+
+       UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xf6' in position 71: ordinal not in range(128)
+
+See `this Stack Overflow thread
+<http://stackoverflow.com/questions/809796/any-gotchas-using-unicode-literals-in-python-2-6>`_
+for other gotchas.
+
+
+Others' perspectives
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In favour of ``unicode_literals``
+*********************************
+
+Django recommends importing ``unicode_literals`` as its top `porting tip <https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/python3/#unicode-literals>`_ for
+migrating Django extension modules to Python 3.  The following `quote
+<https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/django-developers/2ddIWdicbNY>`_ is
+from Aymeric Augustin on 23 August 2012 regarding why he chose
+``unicode_literals`` for the port of Django to a Python 2/3-compatible
+codebase.:
+
+    "... I'd like to explain why this PEP [PEP 414, which allows explicit
+    ``u''`` prefixes for unicode literals on Python 3.3+] is at odds with
+    the porting philosophy I've applied to Django, and why I would have
+    vetoed taking advantage of it.
+
+    "I believe that aiming for a Python 2 codebase with Python 3
+    compatibility hacks is a counter-productive way to port a project. You
+    end up with all the drawbacks of Python 2 (including the legacy `u`
+    prefixes) and none of the advantages Python 3 (especially the sane
+    string handling).
+
+    "Working to write Python 3 code, with legacy compatibility for Python
+    2, is much more rewarding. Of course it takes more effort, but the
+    results are much cleaner and much more maintainable. It's really about
+    looking towards the future or towards the past.
+
+    "I understand the reasons why PEP 414 was proposed and why it was
+    accepted. It makes sense for legacy software that is minimally
+    maintained. I hope nobody puts Django in this category!"
+
+
+Against ``unicode_literals``
+****************************
+
+    "There are so many subtle problems that ``unicode_literals`` causes.
+    For instance lots of people accidentally introduce unicode into
+    filenames and that seems to work, until they are using it on a system
+    where there are unicode characters in the filesystem path."
+
+    -- Armin Ronacher
+
+    "+1 from me for avoiding the unicode_literals future, as it can have
+    very strange side effects in Python 2.... This is one of the key
+    reasons I backed Armin's PEP 414."
+
+    -- Nick Coghlan
+
+    "Yeah, one of the nuisances of the WSGI spec is that the header values
+    IIRC are the str or StringType on both py2 and py3. With
+    unicode_literals this causes hard-to-spot bugs, as some WSGI servers
+    might be more tolerant than others, but usually using unicode in python
+    2 for WSGI headers will cause the response to fail."
+
+    -- Antti Haapala
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/upgrading.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/upgrading.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d8afca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/upgrading.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+.. upgrading
+
+Upgrading
+*********
+
+We strive to support compatibility between versions of ``python-future``. Part of this involves keeping around old interfaces and marking them as deprecated for a period to allow projects to transition in a straightforward manner to using the new interfaces.
+
+
+.. upgrading-to-v0.12
+
+Upgrading to v0.12
+==================
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/utilities.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/utilities.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3f1e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/utilities.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+.. _utilities-guide:
+
+Utilities
+---------
+
+:mod:`future` also provides some useful functions and decorators to ease
+backward compatibility with Py2 in the :mod:`future.utils` and
+:mod:`past.utils` modules. These are a selection of the most useful functions
+from ``six`` and various home-grown Py2/3 compatibility modules from popular
+Python projects, such as Jinja2, Pandas, IPython, and Django. The goal is to
+consolidate these in one place, tested and documented, obviating the need for
+every project to repeat this work.
+
+Examples::
+
+    # Functions like print() expect __str__ on Py2 to return a byte
+    # string. This decorator maps the __str__ to __unicode__ on Py2 and
+    # defines __str__ to encode it as utf-8:
+
+    from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible
+
+    @python_2_unicode_compatible
+    class MyClass(object):
+        def __str__(self):
+            return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+    a = MyClass()
+
+    # This then prints the Chinese characters for Confucius:
+    print(a)
+
+
+    # Iterators on Py3 require a __next__() method, whereas on Py2 this
+    # is called next(). This decorator allows Py3-style iterators to work
+    # identically on Py2:
+
+    @implements_iterator
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    print(list(Upper('hello')))
+    # prints ['H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O']
+
+On Python 3 these decorators are no-ops.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/what_else.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/what_else.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51f1986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/what_else.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+.. _what-else:
+
+What else you need to know
+**************************
+
+The following points are important to know about when writing Python 2/3
+compatible code.
+
+.. _what-else-essentials:
+
+.. include:: bytes_object.rst
+.. include:: str_object.rst
+.. include:: dict_object.rst
+.. include:: int_object.rst
+.. include:: isinstance.rst
+.. include:: open_function.rst
+.. include:: custom_str_methods.rst
+.. include:: custom_iterators.rst
+
+.. _what-else-advanced:
+
+.. include:: bind_method.rst
+.. include:: metaclasses.rst
+
+..
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/whatsnew.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/whatsnew.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0b4603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/whatsnew.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+.. _whats-new:
+
+What's New
+**********
+
+What's new in version 0.18.2 (2019-10-30)
+=========================================
+This is a minor bug-fix release containing a number of fixes:
+- Fix min/max functions with generators, and 'None' default (PR #514)
+- Use BaseException in raise_() (PR #515)
+- Fix builtins.round() for Decimals (Issue #501)
+- Fix raise_from() to prevent failures with immutable classes (PR #518)
+- Make FixInput idempotent (Issue #427)
+- Fix type in newround (PR #521)
+- Support mimetype guessing in urllib2 for Py3.8+ (Issue #508)
+
+Python 3.8 is not yet officially supported.
+
+What's new in version 0.18.1 (2019-10-09)
+=========================================
+This is a minor bug-fix release containing a fix for raise_() 
+when passed an exception that's not an Exception (e.g. BaseException
+subclasses)
+
+What's new in version 0.18.0 (2019-10-09)
+=========================================
+This is a major bug-fix and feature release, including:
+
+- Fix collections.abc import for py38+
+- Remove import for isnewbytes() function, reducing CPU cost significantly
+- Fix bug with importing past.translation when importing past which breaks zipped python installations
+- Fix an issue with copyreg import under Py3 that results in unexposed stdlib functionality
+- Export and document types in future.utils
+- Update behavior of newstr.__eq__() to match str.__eq__() as per reference docs
+- Fix raising and the raising fixer to handle cases where the syntax is ambigious
+- Allow "default" parameter in min() and max() (Issue #334)
+- Implement __hash__() in newstr (Issue #454)
+- Future proof some version checks to handle the fact that Py4 won't be a major breaking release
+- Fix urllib.request imports for Python 3.8 compatibility (Issue #447)
+- Fix future import ordering (Issue #445)
+- Fixed bug in fix_division_safe fixture (Issue #434)
+- Do not globally destroy re.ASCII in PY3
+- Fix a bug in email.Message.set_boundary() (Issue #429)
+- Implement format_map() in str
+- Implement readinto() for socket.fp
+
+As well as a number of corrections to a variety of documentation, and updates to
+test infrastructure.
+
+What's new in version 0.17.1 (2018-10-30)
+=========================================
+This release address a packaging error because of an erroneous declaration that
+any built wheels are universal.
+
+What's new in version 0.17.0 (2018-10-19)
+=========================================
+
+This is a major bug-fix release, including:
+
+- Fix ``from collections import ChainMap`` after install_aliases() (issue #226)
+- Fix multiple import from ``__future__`` bug in futurize (issue #113)
+- Add support for proper %s formatting of newbytes
+- Properly implement iterator protocol for newrange object
+- Fix ``past.translation`` on read-only file systems
+- Fix Tkinter import bug introduced in Python 2.7.4 (issue #262)
+- Correct TypeError to ValueError in a specific edge case for newrange
+- Support inequality tests betwen newstrs and newbytes
+- Add type check to __get__ in newsuper
+- Fix fix_divsion_safe to support better conversion of complex expressions, and
+  skip obvious float division.
+
+As well as a number of corrections to a variety of documentation, and updates to
+test infrastructure.
+
+What's new in version 0.16.0 (2016-10-27)
+==========================================
+
+This release removes the ``configparser`` package as an alias for
+``ConfigParser`` on Py2 to improve compatibility with the backported
+`configparser package <https://pypi.org/project/configparser/>`. Previously
+``python-future`` and the PyPI ``configparser`` backport clashed, causing
+various compatibility issues. (Issues #118, #181)
+
+If your code previously relied on ``configparser`` being supplied by
+``python-future``, the recommended upgrade path is to run ``pip install
+configparser`` or add ``configparser`` to your ``requirements.txt`` file.
+
+Note that, if you are upgrading ``future`` with ``pip``, you may need to
+uninstall the old version of future or manually remove the
+``site-packages/future-0.15.2-py2.7.egg`` folder for this change to take
+effect on your system.
+
+This releases also fixes these bugs:
+
+- Fix ``newbytes`` constructor bug. (Issue #171)
+- Fix semantics of ``bool()`` with ``newobject``. (Issue #211)
+- Fix ``standard_library.install_aliases()`` on PyPy. (Issue #205)
+- Fix assertRaises for ``pow`` and ``compile``` on Python 3.5. (Issue #183)
+- Fix return argument of ``future.utils.ensure_new_type`` if conversion to
+  new type does not exist. (Issue #185)
+- Add missing ``cmp_to_key`` for Py2.6. (Issue #189)
+- Allow the ``old_div`` fixer to be disabled. (Issue #190)
+- Improve compatibility with Google App Engine. (Issue #231)
+- Add some missing imports to the ``tkinter`` and ``tkinter.filedialog``
+  package namespaces. (Issues #212 and #233)
+- More complete implementation of ``raise_from`` on PY3. (Issues #141,
+  #213 and #235, fix provided by Varriount)
+
+
+What's new in version 0.15.2 (2015-09-11)
+=========================================
+
+This is a minor bug-fix release:
+
+- Fix ``socket.create_connection()`` backport on Py2.6 (issue #162)
+- Add more tests of ``urllib.request`` etc.
+- Fix ``newsuper()`` calls from the ``__init__`` method of PyQt subclassses
+  (issue #160, thanks to Christopher Arndt)
+
+What's new in version 0.15.1 (2015-09-09)
+=========================================
+
+This is a minor bug-fix release:
+
+- Use 3-argument ``socket.create_connection()`` backport to restore Py2.6
+  compatibility in ``urllib.request.urlopen()`` (issue #162)
+- Remove breakpoint in ``future.backports.http.client`` triggered on certain
+  data (issue #164)
+- Move ``exec`` fixer to stage 1 of ``futurize`` because the forward-compatible ``exec(a, b)``
+  idiom is supported in Python 2.6 and 2.7. See
+  https://docs.python.org/2/reference/simple_stmts.html#exec.
+
+
+What's new in version 0.15.0 (2015-07-25)
+=========================================
+
+This release fixes compatibility bugs with CherryPy's Py2/3 compat layer and
+the latest version of the ``urllib3`` package. It also adds some additional
+backports for Py2.6 and Py2.7 from Py3.4's standard library.
+
+New features:
+
+- ``install_aliases()`` now exposes full backports of the Py3 urllib submodules
+  (``parse``, ``request`` etc.) from ``future.backports.urllib`` as submodules
+  of ``urllib`` on Py2.  This implies, for example, that
+  ``urllib.parse.unquote`` now takes an optional encoding argument as it does
+  on Py3. This improves compatibility with CherryPy's Py2/3 compat layer (issue
+  #158).
+- ``tkinter.ttk`` support (issue #151)
+- Backport of ``collections.ChainMap`` (issue #150)
+- Backport of ``itertools.count`` for Py2.6 (issue #152)
+- Enable and document support for the ``surrogateescape`` error handler for ``newstr`` and ``newbytes`` objects on Py2.x (issue #116). This feature is currently in alpha.
+- Add constants to ``http.client`` such as ``HTTP_PORT`` and ``BAD_REQUEST`` (issue #137)
+- Backport of ``reprlib.recursive_repr`` to Py2
+
+Bug fixes:
+
+- Add ``HTTPMessage`` to ``http.client``, which is missing from ``httplib.__all__`` on Python <= 2.7.10. This restores compatibility with the latest ``urllib3`` package (issue #159, thanks to Waldemar Kornewald)
+- Expand newint.__divmod__ and newint.__rdivmod__ to fall back to <type 'long'>
+  implementations where appropriate (issue #146 - thanks to Matt Bogosian)
+- Fix newrange slicing for some slice/range combos (issue #132, thanks to Brad Walker)
+- Small doc fixes (thanks to Michael Joseph and Tim Tröndle)
+- Improve robustness of test suite against opening .pyc files as text on Py2
+- Update backports of ``Counter`` and ``OrderedDict`` to use the newer
+  implementations from Py3.4. This fixes ``.copy()`` preserving subclasses etc.
+- ``futurize`` no longer breaks working Py2 code by changing ``basestring`` to
+  ``str``. Instead it imports the ``basestring`` forward-port from
+  ``past.builtins`` (issues #127 and #156)
+- ``future.utils``: add ``string_types`` etc. and update docs (issue #126)
+
+Previous versions
+=================
+
+See :ref:`whats-old` for versions prior to v0.15.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/why_python3.rst b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/why_python3.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4b535f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/docs/why_python3.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.. _why-python3:
+
+Why Python 3?
+=============
+
+- Python 2.7 is the final Python 2.x release. Python 3.x is the future.
+  The Python ecosystem needs to consolidate. A split or schism between
+  different incompatible versions is not healthy for growing the
+  community.
+- Function annotations
+- Decimal module 100x faster. As fast as floats.
+- Easier to learn. (Less cruft in language and stdlib, more consistency, better docstrings, etc.)
+- Much safer handling of unicode text and encodings: fewer bugs.
+- More memory efficiency (shared dict keys (PEP 412) and space-efficient
+  Unicode representation (PEP 393))
+- Exception chaining
+
+Why are Unicode strings better on Python 3?
+-------------------------------------------
+
+- it is not the default string type (you have to prefix the string
+  with a u to get Unicode);
+
+- it is missing some functionality, e.g. casefold;
+
+- there are two distinct implementations, narrow builds and wide builds;
+
+- wide builds take up to four times more memory per string as needed;
+
+- narrow builds take up to two times more memory per string as needed;
+
+- worse, narrow builds have very naive (possibly even "broken")
+  handling of code points in the Supplementary Multilingual Planes.
+
+The unicode string type in Python 3 is better because:
+
+- it is the default string type;
+
+- it includes more functionality;
+
+- starting in Python 3.3, it gets rid of the distinction between
+  narrow and wide builds;
+
+- which reduces the memory overhead of strings by up to a factor
+  of four in many cases;
+
+- and fixes the issue of SMP code points.
+
+(quote from a mailing list post by Steve D'Aprano on 2014-01-17).
+
+
+New features
+------------
+
+Standard library:
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- SSL contexts in http.client
+-
+
+
+
+Non-arguments for Python 3
+==========================
+
+-
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/futurize.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/futurize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb446ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/futurize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+futurize.py
+===========
+
+This script is only used by the unit tests. Another script called
+"futurize" is created automatically (without the .py extension) by
+setuptools.
+
+futurize.py attempts to turn Py2 code into valid, clean Py3 code that is
+also compatible with Py2 when using the ``future`` package.
+
+
+Licensing
+---------
+Copyright 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+The software is distributed under an MIT licence. See LICENSE.txt.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from libfuturize.main import main
+
+sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pasteurize.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pasteurize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b98327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pasteurize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+pasteurize.py
+=============
+
+This script is only used by the unit tests. Another script called "pasteurize"
+is created automatically (without the .py extension) by setuptools.
+
+pasteurize.py attempts to turn Py3 code into relatively clean Py3 code that is
+also compatible with Py2 when using the ``future`` package.
+
+
+Licensing
+---------
+Copyright 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+The software is distributed under an MIT licence. See LICENSE.txt.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from libpasteurize.main import main
+
+sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pytest.ini b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pytest.ini
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..649908f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/pytest.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# py.test config file
+[pytest]
+norecursedirs = build docs/_build disabled_test_email disabled_test_xmlrpc disabled_test_xmlrpcnet disabled/* disabled* disabled/test_email/*
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.cfg b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45df256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[metadata]
+license_file = LICENSE.txt
+
+[egg_info]
+tag_build = 
+tag_date = 0
+
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11d694c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
+import os
+import os.path
+import sys
+
+
+try:
+    from setuptools import setup
+except ImportError:
+    from distutils.core import setup
+
+
+if sys.argv[-1] == 'publish':
+    os.system('python setup.py sdist upload')
+    sys.exit()
+
+
+NAME = "future"
+PACKAGES = ["future",
+            "future.builtins",
+            "future.types",
+            "future.standard_library",
+            "future.backports",
+            "future.backports.email",
+            "future.backports.email.mime",
+            "future.backports.html",
+            "future.backports.http",
+            "future.backports.test",
+            "future.backports.urllib",
+            "future.backports.xmlrpc",
+            "future.moves",
+            "future.moves.dbm",
+            "future.moves.html",
+            "future.moves.http",
+            "future.moves.test",
+            "future.moves.tkinter",
+            "future.moves.urllib",
+            "future.moves.xmlrpc",
+            "future.tests",     # for future.tests.base
+            # "future.tests.test_email",
+            "future.utils",
+            "past",
+            "past.builtins",
+            "past.types",
+            "past.utils",
+            "past.translation",
+            "libfuturize",
+            "libfuturize.fixes",
+            "libpasteurize",
+            "libpasteurize.fixes",
+           ]
+
+# PEP 3108 stdlib moves:
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 0):
+    PACKAGES += [
+            "builtins",
+            # "configparser",  # removed in v0.16.0
+            "copyreg",
+            "html",
+            "http",
+            "queue",
+            "reprlib",
+            "socketserver",
+            "tkinter",
+            "winreg",
+            "xmlrpc",
+            "_dummy_thread",
+            "_markupbase",
+            "_thread",
+           ]
+
+PACKAGE_DATA = {'': [
+                     'README.rst',
+                     'LICENSE.txt',
+                     'futurize.py',
+                     'pasteurize.py',
+                     'check_rst.sh',
+                     'TESTING.txt',
+                    ],
+                'tests': ['*.py'],
+                }
+
+import src.future
+VERSION = src.future.__version__
+DESCRIPTION = "Clean single-source support for Python 3 and 2"
+LONG_DESC = src.future.__doc__
+AUTHOR = "Ed Schofield"
+AUTHOR_EMAIL = "ed@pythoncharmers.com"
+URL="https://python-future.org"
+LICENSE = "MIT"
+KEYWORDS = "future past python3 migration futurize backport six 2to3 modernize pasteurize 3to2"
+CLASSIFIERS = [
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 2",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
+    "License :: OSI Approved",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
+    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+]
+
+setup_kwds = {}
+
+
+# * Important *
+# We forcibly remove the build folder to avoid breaking the
+# user's Py3 installation if they run "python2 setup.py
+# build" and then "python3 setup.py install".
+
+try:
+    # If the user happens to run:
+    #     python2 setup.py build
+    #     python3 setup.py install
+    # then folders like "copyreg" will be in build/lib.
+    # If so, we CANNOT let the user install this, because
+    # this may break his/her Python 3 install, depending on the folder order in
+    # sys.path. (Running "import html" etc. may pick up our Py2
+    # substitute packages, instead of the intended system stdlib modules.)
+    SYSTEM_MODULES = set([
+                          '_dummy_thread',
+                          '_markupbase',
+                          '_thread',
+                          'builtins',
+                          # Catch the case that configparser is in the build folder
+                          # from a previous version of `future`:
+                          'configparser',
+                          'copyreg',
+                          'html',
+                          'http',
+                          'queue',
+                          'reprlib',
+                          'socketserver',
+                          'tkinter',
+                          'winreg',
+                          'xmlrpc'
+                         ])
+
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        # Do any of the above folders exist in build/lib?
+        files = os.listdir(os.path.join('build', 'lib'))
+        if len(set(files) & set(SYSTEM_MODULES)) > 0:
+            print('ERROR: Your build folder is in an inconsistent state for '
+                  'a Python 3.x install. Please remove it manually and run '
+                  'setup.py again.', file=sys.stderr)
+            sys.exit(1)
+except OSError:
+    pass
+
+setup(name=NAME,
+      version=VERSION,
+      author=AUTHOR,
+      author_email=AUTHOR_EMAIL,
+      url=URL,
+      description=DESCRIPTION,
+      long_description=LONG_DESC,
+      license=LICENSE,
+      keywords=KEYWORDS,
+      entry_points={
+          'console_scripts': [
+              'futurize = libfuturize.main:main',
+              'pasteurize = libpasteurize.main:main'
+          ]
+      },
+      package_dir={'': 'src'},
+      packages=PACKAGES,
+      package_data=PACKAGE_DATA,
+      include_package_data=True,
+      python_requires=">=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*",
+      classifiers=CLASSIFIERS,
+      **setup_kwds
+     )
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acdbb31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Make this a package only for the sake of importing
+# src.future.__version__ etc. from setup.py
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_dummy_thread/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_dummy_thread/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63dced6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_dummy_thread/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from dummy_thread import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_markupbase/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_markupbase/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2909065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_markupbase/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from markupbase import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_thread/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_thread/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f2a51c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/_thread/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from thread import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/builtins/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/builtins/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f936f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/builtins/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from __builtin__ import *
+    # Overwrite any old definitions with the equivalent future.builtins ones:
+    from future.builtins import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/copyreg/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/copyreg/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51bd4b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/copyreg/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from copy_reg import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/PKG-INFO b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/PKG-INFO
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cf8029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/PKG-INFO
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+Metadata-Version: 1.2
+Name: future
+Version: 0.18.2
+Summary: Clean single-source support for Python 3 and 2
+Home-page: https://python-future.org
+Author: Ed Schofield
+Author-email: ed@pythoncharmers.com
+License: MIT
+Description-Content-Type: UNKNOWN
+Description: 
+        future: Easy, safe support for Python 2/3 compatibility
+        =======================================================
+        
+        ``future`` is the missing compatibility layer between Python 2 and Python
+        3. It allows you to use a single, clean Python 3.x-compatible codebase to
+        support both Python 2 and Python 3 with minimal overhead.
+        
+        It is designed to be used as follows::
+        
+            from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                                    print_function, unicode_literals)
+            from builtins import (
+                     bytes, dict, int, list, object, range, str,
+                     ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open,
+                     pow, round, super,
+                     filter, map, zip)
+        
+        followed by predominantly standard, idiomatic Python 3 code that then runs
+        similarly on Python 2.6/2.7 and Python 3.3+.
+        
+        The imports have no effect on Python 3. On Python 2, they shadow the
+        corresponding builtins, which normally have different semantics on Python 3
+        versus 2, to provide their Python 3 semantics.
+        
+        
+        Standard library reorganization
+        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+        
+        ``future`` supports the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108) through the
+        following Py3 interfaces:
+        
+            >>> # Top-level packages with Py3 names provided on Py2:
+            >>> import html.parser
+            >>> import queue
+            >>> import tkinter.dialog
+            >>> import xmlrpc.client
+            >>> # etc.
+        
+            >>> # Aliases provided for extensions to existing Py2 module names:
+            >>> from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+            >>> install_aliases()
+        
+            >>> from collections import Counter, OrderedDict   # backported to Py2.6
+            >>> from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+            >>> import urllib.request
+            >>> from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+            >>> from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+        
+        
+        Automatic conversion
+        --------------------
+        
+        An included script called `futurize
+        <http://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html>`_ aids in converting
+        code (from either Python 2 or Python 3) to code compatible with both
+        platforms. It is similar to ``python-modernize`` but goes further in
+        providing Python 3 compatibility through the use of the backported types
+        and builtin functions in ``future``.
+        
+        
+        Documentation
+        -------------
+        
+        See: http://python-future.org
+        
+        
+        Credits
+        -------
+        
+        :Author:  Ed Schofield, Jordan M. Adler, et al
+        :Sponsor: Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia, and Python Charmers Pte
+                  Ltd, Singapore. http://pythoncharmers.com
+        :Others:  See docs/credits.rst or http://python-future.org/credits.html
+        
+        
+        Licensing
+        ---------
+        Copyright 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+        The software is distributed under an MIT licence. See LICENSE.txt.
+        
+        
+Keywords: future past python3 migration futurize backport six 2to3 modernize pasteurize 3to2
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Requires-Python: >=2.6, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/SOURCES.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6bf419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+.travis.yml
+LICENSE.txt
+MANIFEST.in
+README.rst
+TESTING.txt
+check_rst.sh
+futurize.py
+pasteurize.py
+pytest.ini
+setup.cfg
+setup.py
+docs/Makefile
+docs/automatic_conversion.rst
+docs/bind_method.rst
+docs/bytes_object.rst
+docs/changelog.rst
+docs/compatible_idioms.rst
+docs/conf.py
+docs/contents.rst.inc
+docs/conversion_limitations.rst
+docs/credits.rst
+docs/custom_iterators.rst
+docs/custom_str_methods.rst
+docs/dev_notes.rst
+docs/development.rst
+docs/dict_object.rst
+docs/faq.rst
+docs/func_annotations.rst
+docs/future-builtins.rst
+docs/futureext.py
+docs/futurize.rst
+docs/futurize_cheatsheet.rst
+docs/futurize_overview.rst
+docs/hindsight.rst
+docs/imports.rst
+docs/index.rst
+docs/int_object.rst
+docs/isinstance.rst
+docs/limitations.rst
+docs/metaclasses.rst
+docs/older_interfaces.rst
+docs/open_function.rst
+docs/overview.rst
+docs/pasteurize.rst
+docs/quickstart.rst
+docs/reference.rst
+docs/roadmap.rst
+docs/standard_library_imports.rst
+docs/stdlib_incompatibilities.rst
+docs/str_object.rst
+docs/translation.rst
+docs/unicode_literals.rst
+docs/upgrading.rst
+docs/utilities.rst
+docs/what_else.rst
+docs/whatsnew.rst
+docs/why_python3.rst
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/astropy_py3compat.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/django_utils_encoding.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/gevent_py3k.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/ipython_py3compat.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/jinja2_compat.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/numpy_py3k.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pandas_py3k.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/pycrypto_py3compat.py
+docs/3rd-party-py3k-compat-code/statsmodels_py3k.py
+docs/_static/python-future-icon-32.ico
+docs/_static/python-future-icon-white-32.ico
+docs/_static/python-future-logo-textless-transparent.png
+docs/_static/python-future-logo.png
+docs/_static/python-future-logo.tiff
+docs/_templates/layout.html
+docs/_templates/navbar.html
+docs/_templates/sidebarintro.html
+docs/_templates/sidebarlogo.html
+docs/_templates/sidebartoc.html
+docs/_themes/LICENSE
+docs/_themes/README
+docs/_themes/future/layout.html
+docs/_themes/future/relations.html
+docs/_themes/future/theme.conf
+docs/_themes/future/static/future.css_t
+docs/notebooks/Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.ipynb
+docs/notebooks/bytes object.ipynb
+docs/notebooks/object special methods (next, bool, ...).ipynb
+docs/other/auto2to3.py
+docs/other/find_pattern.py
+docs/other/fix_notebook_html_colour.py
+docs/other/lessons.txt
+docs/other/todo.txt
+docs/other/upload_future_docs.sh
+docs/other/useful_links.txt
+src/__init__.py
+src/_dummy_thread/__init__.py
+src/_markupbase/__init__.py
+src/_thread/__init__.py
+src/builtins/__init__.py
+src/copyreg/__init__.py
+src/future/__init__.py
+src/future.egg-info/PKG-INFO
+src/future.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
+src/future.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
+src/future.egg-info/entry_points.txt
+src/future.egg-info/top_level.txt
+src/future/backports/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/_markupbase.py
+src/future/backports/datetime.py
+src/future/backports/misc.py
+src/future/backports/socket.py
+src/future/backports/socketserver.py
+src/future/backports/total_ordering.py
+src/future/backports/email/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/email/_encoded_words.py
+src/future/backports/email/_header_value_parser.py
+src/future/backports/email/_parseaddr.py
+src/future/backports/email/_policybase.py
+src/future/backports/email/base64mime.py
+src/future/backports/email/charset.py
+src/future/backports/email/encoders.py
+src/future/backports/email/errors.py
+src/future/backports/email/feedparser.py
+src/future/backports/email/generator.py
+src/future/backports/email/header.py
+src/future/backports/email/headerregistry.py
+src/future/backports/email/iterators.py
+src/future/backports/email/message.py
+src/future/backports/email/parser.py
+src/future/backports/email/policy.py
+src/future/backports/email/quoprimime.py
+src/future/backports/email/utils.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/application.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/audio.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/base.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/image.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/message.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/multipart.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/nonmultipart.py
+src/future/backports/email/mime/text.py
+src/future/backports/html/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/html/entities.py
+src/future/backports/html/parser.py
+src/future/backports/http/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/http/client.py
+src/future/backports/http/cookiejar.py
+src/future/backports/http/cookies.py
+src/future/backports/http/server.py
+src/future/backports/test/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/test/badcert.pem
+src/future/backports/test/badkey.pem
+src/future/backports/test/dh512.pem
+src/future/backports/test/https_svn_python_org_root.pem
+src/future/backports/test/keycert.passwd.pem
+src/future/backports/test/keycert.pem
+src/future/backports/test/keycert2.pem
+src/future/backports/test/nokia.pem
+src/future/backports/test/nullbytecert.pem
+src/future/backports/test/nullcert.pem
+src/future/backports/test/pystone.py
+src/future/backports/test/sha256.pem
+src/future/backports/test/ssl_cert.pem
+src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.passwd.pem
+src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.pem
+src/future/backports/test/ssl_servers.py
+src/future/backports/test/support.py
+src/future/backports/urllib/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/urllib/error.py
+src/future/backports/urllib/parse.py
+src/future/backports/urllib/request.py
+src/future/backports/urllib/response.py
+src/future/backports/urllib/robotparser.py
+src/future/backports/xmlrpc/__init__.py
+src/future/backports/xmlrpc/client.py
+src/future/backports/xmlrpc/server.py
+src/future/builtins/__init__.py
+src/future/builtins/disabled.py
+src/future/builtins/iterators.py
+src/future/builtins/misc.py
+src/future/builtins/new_min_max.py
+src/future/builtins/newnext.py
+src/future/builtins/newround.py
+src/future/builtins/newsuper.py
+src/future/moves/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/_dummy_thread.py
+src/future/moves/_markupbase.py
+src/future/moves/_thread.py
+src/future/moves/builtins.py
+src/future/moves/collections.py
+src/future/moves/configparser.py
+src/future/moves/copyreg.py
+src/future/moves/itertools.py
+src/future/moves/pickle.py
+src/future/moves/queue.py
+src/future/moves/reprlib.py
+src/future/moves/socketserver.py
+src/future/moves/subprocess.py
+src/future/moves/sys.py
+src/future/moves/winreg.py
+src/future/moves/dbm/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/dbm/dumb.py
+src/future/moves/dbm/gnu.py
+src/future/moves/dbm/ndbm.py
+src/future/moves/html/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/html/entities.py
+src/future/moves/html/parser.py
+src/future/moves/http/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/http/client.py
+src/future/moves/http/cookiejar.py
+src/future/moves/http/cookies.py
+src/future/moves/http/server.py
+src/future/moves/test/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/test/support.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/colorchooser.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/commondialog.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/constants.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/dialog.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/dnd.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/filedialog.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/font.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/messagebox.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/scrolledtext.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/simpledialog.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/tix.py
+src/future/moves/tkinter/ttk.py
+src/future/moves/urllib/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/urllib/error.py
+src/future/moves/urllib/parse.py
+src/future/moves/urllib/request.py
+src/future/moves/urllib/response.py
+src/future/moves/urllib/robotparser.py
+src/future/moves/xmlrpc/__init__.py
+src/future/moves/xmlrpc/client.py
+src/future/moves/xmlrpc/server.py
+src/future/standard_library/__init__.py
+src/future/tests/__init__.py
+src/future/tests/base.py
+src/future/types/__init__.py
+src/future/types/newbytes.py
+src/future/types/newdict.py
+src/future/types/newint.py
+src/future/types/newlist.py
+src/future/types/newmemoryview.py
+src/future/types/newobject.py
+src/future/types/newopen.py
+src/future/types/newrange.py
+src/future/types/newstr.py
+src/future/utils/__init__.py
+src/future/utils/surrogateescape.py
+src/html/__init__.py
+src/html/entities.py
+src/html/parser.py
+src/http/__init__.py
+src/http/client.py
+src/http/cookiejar.py
+src/http/cookies.py
+src/http/server.py
+src/libfuturize/__init__.py
+src/libfuturize/fixer_util.py
+src/libfuturize/main.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/__init__.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_UserDict.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_absolute_import.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_basestring.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_bytes.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_cmp.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division_safe.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_execfile.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library_urllib.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_input.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_next_call.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_object.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_oldstr_wrap.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_order___future__imports.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print_with_import.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_raise.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_remove_old__future__imports.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_keep_u.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_literals_import.py
+src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_xrange_with_import.py
+src/libpasteurize/__init__.py
+src/libpasteurize/main.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/__init__.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/feature_base.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all__future__imports.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all_future_builtins.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_future_standard_library_import.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_annotations.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_division.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_features.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_fullargspec.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_getcwd.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports2.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_kwargs.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_memoryview.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_newstyle.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_next.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_printfunction.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise_.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_throw.py
+src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_unpacking.py
+src/past/__init__.py
+src/past/builtins/__init__.py
+src/past/builtins/misc.py
+src/past/builtins/noniterators.py
+src/past/translation/__init__.py
+src/past/types/__init__.py
+src/past/types/basestring.py
+src/past/types/olddict.py
+src/past/types/oldstr.py
+src/past/utils/__init__.py
+src/queue/__init__.py
+src/reprlib/__init__.py
+src/socketserver/__init__.py
+src/tkinter/__init__.py
+src/tkinter/colorchooser.py
+src/tkinter/commondialog.py
+src/tkinter/constants.py
+src/tkinter/dialog.py
+src/tkinter/dnd.py
+src/tkinter/filedialog.py
+src/tkinter/font.py
+src/tkinter/messagebox.py
+src/tkinter/scrolledtext.py
+src/tkinter/simpledialog.py
+src/tkinter/tix.py
+src/tkinter/ttk.py
+src/winreg/__init__.py
+src/xmlrpc/__init__.py
+src/xmlrpc/client.py
+src/xmlrpc/server.py
+tests/test_future/__init__.py
+tests/test_future/test_backports.py
+tests/test_future/test_buffer.py
+tests/test_future/test_builtins.py
+tests/test_future/test_builtins_explicit_import.py
+tests/test_future/test_bytes.py
+tests/test_future/test_chainmap.py
+tests/test_future/test_common_iterators.py
+tests/test_future/test_decorators.py
+tests/test_future/test_dict.py
+tests/test_future/test_email_multipart.py
+tests/test_future/test_explicit_imports.py
+tests/test_future/test_futurize.py
+tests/test_future/test_html.py
+tests/test_future/test_htmlparser.py
+tests/test_future/test_http_cookiejar.py
+tests/test_future/test_httplib.py
+tests/test_future/test_import_star.py
+tests/test_future/test_imports_httplib.py
+tests/test_future/test_imports_urllib.py
+tests/test_future/test_int.py
+tests/test_future/test_int_old_division.py
+tests/test_future/test_isinstance.py
+tests/test_future/test_libfuturize_fixers.py
+tests/test_future/test_list.py
+tests/test_future/test_magicsuper.py
+tests/test_future/test_object.py
+tests/test_future/test_pasteurize.py
+tests/test_future/test_py2_str_literals_to_bytes.py
+tests/test_future/test_range.py
+tests/test_future/test_requests.py
+tests/test_future/test_standard_library.py
+tests/test_future/test_str.py
+tests/test_future/test_super.py
+tests/test_future/test_surrogateescape.py
+tests/test_future/test_urllib.py
+tests/test_future/test_urllib2.py
+tests/test_future/test_urllib_response.py
+tests/test_future/test_urllib_toplevel.py
+tests/test_future/test_urllibnet.py
+tests/test_future/test_urlparse.py
+tests/test_future/test_utils.py
+tests/test_past/__init__.py
+tests/test_past/test_basestring.py
+tests/test_past/test_builtins.py
+tests/test_past/test_noniterators.py
+tests/test_past/test_olddict.py
+tests/test_past/test_oldstr.py
+tests/test_past/test_translation.py
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/dependency_links.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/entry_points.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/entry_points.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45d1a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/entry_points.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[console_scripts]
+futurize = libfuturize.main:main
+pasteurize = libpasteurize.main:main
+
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/top_level.txt b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c10cc61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future.egg-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+_dummy_thread
+_markupbase
+_thread
+builtins
+copyreg
+future
+html
+http
+libfuturize
+libpasteurize
+past
+queue
+reprlib
+socketserver
+tkinter
+winreg
+xmlrpc
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad419d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""
+future: Easy, safe support for Python 2/3 compatibility
+=======================================================
+
+``future`` is the missing compatibility layer between Python 2 and Python
+3. It allows you to use a single, clean Python 3.x-compatible codebase to
+support both Python 2 and Python 3 with minimal overhead.
+
+It is designed to be used as follows::
+
+    from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                            print_function, unicode_literals)
+    from builtins import (
+             bytes, dict, int, list, object, range, str,
+             ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open,
+             pow, round, super,
+             filter, map, zip)
+
+followed by predominantly standard, idiomatic Python 3 code that then runs
+similarly on Python 2.6/2.7 and Python 3.3+.
+
+The imports have no effect on Python 3. On Python 2, they shadow the
+corresponding builtins, which normally have different semantics on Python 3
+versus 2, to provide their Python 3 semantics.
+
+
+Standard library reorganization
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+``future`` supports the standard library reorganization (PEP 3108) through the
+following Py3 interfaces:
+
+    >>> # Top-level packages with Py3 names provided on Py2:
+    >>> import html.parser
+    >>> import queue
+    >>> import tkinter.dialog
+    >>> import xmlrpc.client
+    >>> # etc.
+
+    >>> # Aliases provided for extensions to existing Py2 module names:
+    >>> from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+    >>> install_aliases()
+
+    >>> from collections import Counter, OrderedDict   # backported to Py2.6
+    >>> from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+    >>> import urllib.request
+    >>> from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+    >>> from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+
+
+Automatic conversion
+--------------------
+
+An included script called `futurize
+<http://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html>`_ aids in converting
+code (from either Python 2 or Python 3) to code compatible with both
+platforms. It is similar to ``python-modernize`` but goes further in
+providing Python 3 compatibility through the use of the backported types
+and builtin functions in ``future``.
+
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+See: http://python-future.org
+
+
+Credits
+-------
+
+:Author:  Ed Schofield, Jordan M. Adler, et al
+:Sponsor: Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia, and Python Charmers Pte
+          Ltd, Singapore. http://pythoncharmers.com
+:Others:  See docs/credits.rst or http://python-future.org/credits.html
+
+
+Licensing
+---------
+Copyright 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+The software is distributed under an MIT licence. See LICENSE.txt.
+
+"""
+
+__title__ = 'future'
+__author__ = 'Ed Schofield'
+__license__ = 'MIT'
+__copyright__ = 'Copyright 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd'
+__ver_major__ = 0
+__ver_minor__ = 18
+__ver_patch__ = 2
+__ver_sub__ = ''
+__version__ = "%d.%d.%d%s" % (__ver_major__, __ver_minor__,
+                              __ver_patch__, __ver_sub__)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c71e065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""
+future.backports package
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import sys
+
+__future_module__ = True
+from future.standard_library import import_top_level_modules
+
+
+if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+    import_top_level_modules()
+
+
+from .misc import (ceil,
+                   OrderedDict,
+                   Counter,
+                   ChainMap,
+                   check_output,
+                   count,
+                   recursive_repr,
+                   _count_elements,
+                   cmp_to_key
+                  )
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/_markupbase.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/_markupbase.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d51bfc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/_markupbase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+"""Shared support for scanning document type declarations in HTML and XHTML.
+
+Backported for python-future from Python 3.3. Reason: ParserBase is an
+old-style class in the Python 2.7 source of markupbase.py, which I suspect
+might be the cause of sporadic unit-test failures on travis-ci.org with
+test_htmlparser.py.  The test failures look like this:
+
+    ======================================================================
+
+ERROR: test_attr_entity_replacement (future.tests.test_htmlparser.AttributesStrictTestCase)
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "/home/travis/build/edschofield/python-future/future/tests/test_htmlparser.py", line 661, in test_attr_entity_replacement
+    [("starttag", "a", [("b", "&><\"'")])])
+  File "/home/travis/build/edschofield/python-future/future/tests/test_htmlparser.py", line 93, in _run_check
+    collector = self.get_collector()
+  File "/home/travis/build/edschofield/python-future/future/tests/test_htmlparser.py", line 617, in get_collector
+    return EventCollector(strict=True)
+  File "/home/travis/build/edschofield/python-future/future/tests/test_htmlparser.py", line 27, in __init__
+    html.parser.HTMLParser.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
+  File "/home/travis/build/edschofield/python-future/future/backports/html/parser.py", line 135, in __init__
+    self.reset()
+  File "/home/travis/build/edschofield/python-future/future/backports/html/parser.py", line 143, in reset
+    _markupbase.ParserBase.reset(self)
+
+TypeError: unbound method reset() must be called with ParserBase instance as first argument (got EventCollector instance instead)
+
+This module is used as a foundation for the html.parser module.  It has no
+documented public API and should not be used directly.
+
+"""
+
+import re
+
+_declname_match = re.compile(r'[a-zA-Z][-_.a-zA-Z0-9]*\s*').match
+_declstringlit_match = re.compile(r'(\'[^\']*\'|"[^"]*")\s*').match
+_commentclose = re.compile(r'--\s*>')
+_markedsectionclose = re.compile(r']\s*]\s*>')
+
+# An analysis of the MS-Word extensions is available at
+# http://www.planetpublish.com/xmlarena/xap/Thursday/WordtoXML.pdf
+
+_msmarkedsectionclose = re.compile(r']\s*>')
+
+del re
+
+
+class ParserBase(object):
+    """Parser base class which provides some common support methods used
+    by the SGML/HTML and XHTML parsers."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        if self.__class__ is ParserBase:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "_markupbase.ParserBase must be subclassed")
+
+    def error(self, message):
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "subclasses of ParserBase must override error()")
+
+    def reset(self):
+        self.lineno = 1
+        self.offset = 0
+
+    def getpos(self):
+        """Return current line number and offset."""
+        return self.lineno, self.offset
+
+    # Internal -- update line number and offset.  This should be
+    # called for each piece of data exactly once, in order -- in other
+    # words the concatenation of all the input strings to this
+    # function should be exactly the entire input.
+    def updatepos(self, i, j):
+        if i >= j:
+            return j
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        nlines = rawdata.count("\n", i, j)
+        if nlines:
+            self.lineno = self.lineno + nlines
+            pos = rawdata.rindex("\n", i, j) # Should not fail
+            self.offset = j-(pos+1)
+        else:
+            self.offset = self.offset + j-i
+        return j
+
+    _decl_otherchars = ''
+
+    # Internal -- parse declaration (for use by subclasses).
+    def parse_declaration(self, i):
+        # This is some sort of declaration; in "HTML as
+        # deployed," this should only be the document type
+        # declaration ("<!DOCTYPE html...>").
+        # ISO 8879:1986, however, has more complex
+        # declaration syntax for elements in <!...>, including:
+        # --comment--
+        # [marked section]
+        # name in the following list: ENTITY, DOCTYPE, ELEMENT,
+        # ATTLIST, NOTATION, SHORTREF, USEMAP,
+        # LINKTYPE, LINK, IDLINK, USELINK, SYSTEM
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        j = i + 2
+        assert rawdata[i:j] == "<!", "unexpected call to parse_declaration"
+        if rawdata[j:j+1] == ">":
+            # the empty comment <!>
+            return j + 1
+        if rawdata[j:j+1] in ("-", ""):
+            # Start of comment followed by buffer boundary,
+            # or just a buffer boundary.
+            return -1
+        # A simple, practical version could look like: ((name|stringlit) S*) + '>'
+        n = len(rawdata)
+        if rawdata[j:j+2] == '--': #comment
+            # Locate --.*-- as the body of the comment
+            return self.parse_comment(i)
+        elif rawdata[j] == '[': #marked section
+            # Locate [statusWord [...arbitrary SGML...]] as the body of the marked section
+            # Where statusWord is one of TEMP, CDATA, IGNORE, INCLUDE, RCDATA
+            # Note that this is extended by Microsoft Office "Save as Web" function
+            # to include [if...] and [endif].
+            return self.parse_marked_section(i)
+        else: #all other declaration elements
+            decltype, j = self._scan_name(j, i)
+        if j < 0:
+            return j
+        if decltype == "doctype":
+            self._decl_otherchars = ''
+        while j < n:
+            c = rawdata[j]
+            if c == ">":
+                # end of declaration syntax
+                data = rawdata[i+2:j]
+                if decltype == "doctype":
+                    self.handle_decl(data)
+                else:
+                    # According to the HTML5 specs sections "8.2.4.44 Bogus
+                    # comment state" and "8.2.4.45 Markup declaration open
+                    # state", a comment token should be emitted.
+                    # Calling unknown_decl provides more flexibility though.
+                    self.unknown_decl(data)
+                return j + 1
+            if c in "\"'":
+                m = _declstringlit_match(rawdata, j)
+                if not m:
+                    return -1 # incomplete
+                j = m.end()
+            elif c in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ":
+                name, j = self._scan_name(j, i)
+            elif c in self._decl_otherchars:
+                j = j + 1
+            elif c == "[":
+                # this could be handled in a separate doctype parser
+                if decltype == "doctype":
+                    j = self._parse_doctype_subset(j + 1, i)
+                elif decltype in set(["attlist", "linktype", "link", "element"]):
+                    # must tolerate []'d groups in a content model in an element declaration
+                    # also in data attribute specifications of attlist declaration
+                    # also link type declaration subsets in linktype declarations
+                    # also link attribute specification lists in link declarations
+                    self.error("unsupported '[' char in %s declaration" % decltype)
+                else:
+                    self.error("unexpected '[' char in declaration")
+            else:
+                self.error(
+                    "unexpected %r char in declaration" % rawdata[j])
+            if j < 0:
+                return j
+        return -1 # incomplete
+
+    # Internal -- parse a marked section
+    # Override this to handle MS-word extension syntax <![if word]>content<![endif]>
+    def parse_marked_section(self, i, report=1):
+        rawdata= self.rawdata
+        assert rawdata[i:i+3] == '<![', "unexpected call to parse_marked_section()"
+        sectName, j = self._scan_name( i+3, i )
+        if j < 0:
+            return j
+        if sectName in set(["temp", "cdata", "ignore", "include", "rcdata"]):
+            # look for standard ]]> ending
+            match= _markedsectionclose.search(rawdata, i+3)
+        elif sectName in set(["if", "else", "endif"]):
+            # look for MS Office ]> ending
+            match= _msmarkedsectionclose.search(rawdata, i+3)
+        else:
+            self.error('unknown status keyword %r in marked section' % rawdata[i+3:j])
+        if not match:
+            return -1
+        if report:
+            j = match.start(0)
+            self.unknown_decl(rawdata[i+3: j])
+        return match.end(0)
+
+    # Internal -- parse comment, return length or -1 if not terminated
+    def parse_comment(self, i, report=1):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        if rawdata[i:i+4] != '<!--':
+            self.error('unexpected call to parse_comment()')
+        match = _commentclose.search(rawdata, i+4)
+        if not match:
+            return -1
+        if report:
+            j = match.start(0)
+            self.handle_comment(rawdata[i+4: j])
+        return match.end(0)
+
+    # Internal -- scan past the internal subset in a <!DOCTYPE declaration,
+    # returning the index just past any whitespace following the trailing ']'.
+    def _parse_doctype_subset(self, i, declstartpos):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        n = len(rawdata)
+        j = i
+        while j < n:
+            c = rawdata[j]
+            if c == "<":
+                s = rawdata[j:j+2]
+                if s == "<":
+                    # end of buffer; incomplete
+                    return -1
+                if s != "<!":
+                    self.updatepos(declstartpos, j + 1)
+                    self.error("unexpected char in internal subset (in %r)" % s)
+                if (j + 2) == n:
+                    # end of buffer; incomplete
+                    return -1
+                if (j + 4) > n:
+                    # end of buffer; incomplete
+                    return -1
+                if rawdata[j:j+4] == "<!--":
+                    j = self.parse_comment(j, report=0)
+                    if j < 0:
+                        return j
+                    continue
+                name, j = self._scan_name(j + 2, declstartpos)
+                if j == -1:
+                    return -1
+                if name not in set(["attlist", "element", "entity", "notation"]):
+                    self.updatepos(declstartpos, j + 2)
+                    self.error(
+                        "unknown declaration %r in internal subset" % name)
+                # handle the individual names
+                meth = getattr(self, "_parse_doctype_" + name)
+                j = meth(j, declstartpos)
+                if j < 0:
+                    return j
+            elif c == "%":
+                # parameter entity reference
+                if (j + 1) == n:
+                    # end of buffer; incomplete
+                    return -1
+                s, j = self._scan_name(j + 1, declstartpos)
+                if j < 0:
+                    return j
+                if rawdata[j] == ";":
+                    j = j + 1
+            elif c == "]":
+                j = j + 1
+                while j < n and rawdata[j].isspace():
+                    j = j + 1
+                if j < n:
+                    if rawdata[j] == ">":
+                        return j
+                    self.updatepos(declstartpos, j)
+                    self.error("unexpected char after internal subset")
+                else:
+                    return -1
+            elif c.isspace():
+                j = j + 1
+            else:
+                self.updatepos(declstartpos, j)
+                self.error("unexpected char %r in internal subset" % c)
+        # end of buffer reached
+        return -1
+
+    # Internal -- scan past <!ELEMENT declarations
+    def _parse_doctype_element(self, i, declstartpos):
+        name, j = self._scan_name(i, declstartpos)
+        if j == -1:
+            return -1
+        # style content model; just skip until '>'
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        if '>' in rawdata[j:]:
+            return rawdata.find(">", j) + 1
+        return -1
+
+    # Internal -- scan past <!ATTLIST declarations
+    def _parse_doctype_attlist(self, i, declstartpos):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        name, j = self._scan_name(i, declstartpos)
+        c = rawdata[j:j+1]
+        if c == "":
+            return -1
+        if c == ">":
+            return j + 1
+        while 1:
+            # scan a series of attribute descriptions; simplified:
+            #   name type [value] [#constraint]
+            name, j = self._scan_name(j, declstartpos)
+            if j < 0:
+                return j
+            c = rawdata[j:j+1]
+            if c == "":
+                return -1
+            if c == "(":
+                # an enumerated type; look for ')'
+                if ")" in rawdata[j:]:
+                    j = rawdata.find(")", j) + 1
+                else:
+                    return -1
+                while rawdata[j:j+1].isspace():
+                    j = j + 1
+                if not rawdata[j:]:
+                    # end of buffer, incomplete
+                    return -1
+            else:
+                name, j = self._scan_name(j, declstartpos)
+            c = rawdata[j:j+1]
+            if not c:
+                return -1
+            if c in "'\"":
+                m = _declstringlit_match(rawdata, j)
+                if m:
+                    j = m.end()
+                else:
+                    return -1
+                c = rawdata[j:j+1]
+                if not c:
+                    return -1
+            if c == "#":
+                if rawdata[j:] == "#":
+                    # end of buffer
+                    return -1
+                name, j = self._scan_name(j + 1, declstartpos)
+                if j < 0:
+                    return j
+                c = rawdata[j:j+1]
+                if not c:
+                    return -1
+            if c == '>':
+                # all done
+                return j + 1
+
+    # Internal -- scan past <!NOTATION declarations
+    def _parse_doctype_notation(self, i, declstartpos):
+        name, j = self._scan_name(i, declstartpos)
+        if j < 0:
+            return j
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        while 1:
+            c = rawdata[j:j+1]
+            if not c:
+                # end of buffer; incomplete
+                return -1
+            if c == '>':
+                return j + 1
+            if c in "'\"":
+                m = _declstringlit_match(rawdata, j)
+                if not m:
+                    return -1
+                j = m.end()
+            else:
+                name, j = self._scan_name(j, declstartpos)
+                if j < 0:
+                    return j
+
+    # Internal -- scan past <!ENTITY declarations
+    def _parse_doctype_entity(self, i, declstartpos):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        if rawdata[i:i+1] == "%":
+            j = i + 1
+            while 1:
+                c = rawdata[j:j+1]
+                if not c:
+                    return -1
+                if c.isspace():
+                    j = j + 1
+                else:
+                    break
+        else:
+            j = i
+        name, j = self._scan_name(j, declstartpos)
+        if j < 0:
+            return j
+        while 1:
+            c = self.rawdata[j:j+1]
+            if not c:
+                return -1
+            if c in "'\"":
+                m = _declstringlit_match(rawdata, j)
+                if m:
+                    j = m.end()
+                else:
+                    return -1    # incomplete
+            elif c == ">":
+                return j + 1
+            else:
+                name, j = self._scan_name(j, declstartpos)
+                if j < 0:
+                    return j
+
+    # Internal -- scan a name token and the new position and the token, or
+    # return -1 if we've reached the end of the buffer.
+    def _scan_name(self, i, declstartpos):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        n = len(rawdata)
+        if i == n:
+            return None, -1
+        m = _declname_match(rawdata, i)
+        if m:
+            s = m.group()
+            name = s.strip()
+            if (i + len(s)) == n:
+                return None, -1  # end of buffer
+            return name.lower(), m.end()
+        else:
+            self.updatepos(declstartpos, i)
+            self.error("expected name token at %r"
+                       % rawdata[declstartpos:declstartpos+20])
+
+    # To be overridden -- handlers for unknown objects
+    def unknown_decl(self, data):
+        pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/datetime.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/datetime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3261014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/datetime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2152 @@
+"""Concrete date/time and related types.
+
+See http://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tz-link.html for
+time zone and DST data sources.
+"""
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import str
+from future.builtins import bytes
+from future.builtins import map
+from future.builtins import round
+from future.builtins import int
+from future.builtins import object
+from future.utils import native_str, PY2
+
+import time as _time
+import math as _math
+
+def _cmp(x, y):
+    return 0 if x == y else 1 if x > y else -1
+
+MINYEAR = 1
+MAXYEAR = 9999
+_MAXORDINAL = 3652059 # date.max.toordinal()
+
+# Utility functions, adapted from Python's Demo/classes/Dates.py, which
+# also assumes the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended in
+# both directions.  Difference:  Dates.py calls January 1 of year 0 day
+# number 1.  The code here calls January 1 of year 1 day number 1.  This is
+# to match the definition of the "proleptic Gregorian" calendar in Dershowitz
+# and Reingold's "Calendrical Calculations", where it's the base calendar
+# for all computations.  See the book for algorithms for converting between
+# proleptic Gregorian ordinals and many other calendar systems.
+
+_DAYS_IN_MONTH = [None, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
+
+_DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH = [None]
+dbm = 0
+for dim in _DAYS_IN_MONTH[1:]:
+    _DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH.append(dbm)
+    dbm += dim
+del dbm, dim
+
+def _is_leap(year):
+    "year -> 1 if leap year, else 0."
+    return year % 4 == 0 and (year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0)
+
+def _days_before_year(year):
+    "year -> number of days before January 1st of year."
+    y = year - 1
+    return y*365 + y//4 - y//100 + y//400
+
+def _days_in_month(year, month):
+    "year, month -> number of days in that month in that year."
+    assert 1 <= month <= 12, month
+    if month == 2 and _is_leap(year):
+        return 29
+    return _DAYS_IN_MONTH[month]
+
+def _days_before_month(year, month):
+    "year, month -> number of days in year preceding first day of month."
+    assert 1 <= month <= 12, 'month must be in 1..12'
+    return _DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] + (month > 2 and _is_leap(year))
+
+def _ymd2ord(year, month, day):
+    "year, month, day -> ordinal, considering 01-Jan-0001 as day 1."
+    assert 1 <= month <= 12, 'month must be in 1..12'
+    dim = _days_in_month(year, month)
+    assert 1 <= day <= dim, ('day must be in 1..%d' % dim)
+    return (_days_before_year(year) +
+            _days_before_month(year, month) +
+            day)
+
+_DI400Y = _days_before_year(401)    # number of days in 400 years
+_DI100Y = _days_before_year(101)    #    "    "   "   " 100   "
+_DI4Y   = _days_before_year(5)      #    "    "   "   "   4   "
+
+# A 4-year cycle has an extra leap day over what we'd get from pasting
+# together 4 single years.
+assert _DI4Y == 4 * 365 + 1
+
+# Similarly, a 400-year cycle has an extra leap day over what we'd get from
+# pasting together 4 100-year cycles.
+assert _DI400Y == 4 * _DI100Y + 1
+
+# OTOH, a 100-year cycle has one fewer leap day than we'd get from
+# pasting together 25 4-year cycles.
+assert _DI100Y == 25 * _DI4Y - 1
+
+def _ord2ymd(n):
+    "ordinal -> (year, month, day), considering 01-Jan-0001 as day 1."
+
+    # n is a 1-based index, starting at 1-Jan-1.  The pattern of leap years
+    # repeats exactly every 400 years.  The basic strategy is to find the
+    # closest 400-year boundary at or before n, then work with the offset
+    # from that boundary to n.  Life is much clearer if we subtract 1 from
+    # n first -- then the values of n at 400-year boundaries are exactly
+    # those divisible by _DI400Y:
+    #
+    #     D  M   Y            n              n-1
+    #     -- --- ----        ----------     ----------------
+    #     31 Dec -400        -_DI400Y       -_DI400Y -1
+    #      1 Jan -399         -_DI400Y +1   -_DI400Y      400-year boundary
+    #     ...
+    #     30 Dec  000        -1             -2
+    #     31 Dec  000         0             -1
+    #      1 Jan  001         1              0            400-year boundary
+    #      2 Jan  001         2              1
+    #      3 Jan  001         3              2
+    #     ...
+    #     31 Dec  400         _DI400Y        _DI400Y -1
+    #      1 Jan  401         _DI400Y +1     _DI400Y      400-year boundary
+    n -= 1
+    n400, n = divmod(n, _DI400Y)
+    year = n400 * 400 + 1   # ..., -399, 1, 401, ...
+
+    # Now n is the (non-negative) offset, in days, from January 1 of year, to
+    # the desired date.  Now compute how many 100-year cycles precede n.
+    # Note that it's possible for n100 to equal 4!  In that case 4 full
+    # 100-year cycles precede the desired day, which implies the desired
+    # day is December 31 at the end of a 400-year cycle.
+    n100, n = divmod(n, _DI100Y)
+
+    # Now compute how many 4-year cycles precede it.
+    n4, n = divmod(n, _DI4Y)
+
+    # And now how many single years.  Again n1 can be 4, and again meaning
+    # that the desired day is December 31 at the end of the 4-year cycle.
+    n1, n = divmod(n, 365)
+
+    year += n100 * 100 + n4 * 4 + n1
+    if n1 == 4 or n100 == 4:
+        assert n == 0
+        return year-1, 12, 31
+
+    # Now the year is correct, and n is the offset from January 1.  We find
+    # the month via an estimate that's either exact or one too large.
+    leapyear = n1 == 3 and (n4 != 24 or n100 == 3)
+    assert leapyear == _is_leap(year)
+    month = (n + 50) >> 5
+    preceding = _DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] + (month > 2 and leapyear)
+    if preceding > n:  # estimate is too large
+        month -= 1
+        preceding -= _DAYS_IN_MONTH[month] + (month == 2 and leapyear)
+    n -= preceding
+    assert 0 <= n < _days_in_month(year, month)
+
+    # Now the year and month are correct, and n is the offset from the
+    # start of that month:  we're done!
+    return year, month, n+1
+
+# Month and day names.  For localized versions, see the calendar module.
+_MONTHNAMES = [None, "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
+                     "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"]
+_DAYNAMES = [None, "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"]
+
+
+def _build_struct_time(y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, dstflag):
+    wday = (_ymd2ord(y, m, d) + 6) % 7
+    dnum = _days_before_month(y, m) + d
+    return _time.struct_time((y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, wday, dnum, dstflag))
+
+def _format_time(hh, mm, ss, us):
+    # Skip trailing microseconds when us==0.
+    result = "%02d:%02d:%02d" % (hh, mm, ss)
+    if us:
+        result += ".%06d" % us
+    return result
+
+# Correctly substitute for %z and %Z escapes in strftime formats.
+def _wrap_strftime(object, format, timetuple):
+    # Don't call utcoffset() or tzname() unless actually needed.
+    freplace = None # the string to use for %f
+    zreplace = None # the string to use for %z
+    Zreplace = None # the string to use for %Z
+
+    # Scan format for %z and %Z escapes, replacing as needed.
+    newformat = []
+    push = newformat.append
+    i, n = 0, len(format)
+    while i < n:
+        ch = format[i]
+        i += 1
+        if ch == '%':
+            if i < n:
+                ch = format[i]
+                i += 1
+                if ch == 'f':
+                    if freplace is None:
+                        freplace = '%06d' % getattr(object,
+                                                    'microsecond', 0)
+                    newformat.append(freplace)
+                elif ch == 'z':
+                    if zreplace is None:
+                        zreplace = ""
+                        if hasattr(object, "utcoffset"):
+                            offset = object.utcoffset()
+                            if offset is not None:
+                                sign = '+'
+                                if offset.days < 0:
+                                    offset = -offset
+                                    sign = '-'
+                                h, m = divmod(offset, timedelta(hours=1))
+                                assert not m % timedelta(minutes=1), "whole minute"
+                                m //= timedelta(minutes=1)
+                                zreplace = '%c%02d%02d' % (sign, h, m)
+                    assert '%' not in zreplace
+                    newformat.append(zreplace)
+                elif ch == 'Z':
+                    if Zreplace is None:
+                        Zreplace = ""
+                        if hasattr(object, "tzname"):
+                            s = object.tzname()
+                            if s is not None:
+                                # strftime is going to have at this: escape %
+                                Zreplace = s.replace('%', '%%')
+                    newformat.append(Zreplace)
+                else:
+                    push('%')
+                    push(ch)
+            else:
+                push('%')
+        else:
+            push(ch)
+    newformat = "".join(newformat)
+    return _time.strftime(newformat, timetuple)
+
+def _call_tzinfo_method(tzinfo, methname, tzinfoarg):
+    if tzinfo is None:
+        return None
+    return getattr(tzinfo, methname)(tzinfoarg)
+
+# Just raise TypeError if the arg isn't None or a string.
+def _check_tzname(name):
+    if name is not None and not isinstance(name, str):
+        raise TypeError("tzinfo.tzname() must return None or string, "
+                        "not '%s'" % type(name))
+
+# name is the offset-producing method, "utcoffset" or "dst".
+# offset is what it returned.
+# If offset isn't None or timedelta, raises TypeError.
+# If offset is None, returns None.
+# Else offset is checked for being in range, and a whole # of minutes.
+# If it is, its integer value is returned.  Else ValueError is raised.
+def _check_utc_offset(name, offset):
+    assert name in ("utcoffset", "dst")
+    if offset is None:
+        return
+    if not isinstance(offset, timedelta):
+        raise TypeError("tzinfo.%s() must return None "
+                        "or timedelta, not '%s'" % (name, type(offset)))
+    if offset % timedelta(minutes=1) or offset.microseconds:
+        raise ValueError("tzinfo.%s() must return a whole number "
+                         "of minutes, got %s" % (name, offset))
+    if not -timedelta(1) < offset < timedelta(1):
+        raise ValueError("%s()=%s, must be must be strictly between"
+                         " -timedelta(hours=24) and timedelta(hours=24)"
+                         % (name, offset))
+
+def _check_date_fields(year, month, day):
+    if not isinstance(year, int):
+        raise TypeError('int expected')
+    if not MINYEAR <= year <= MAXYEAR:
+        raise ValueError('year must be in %d..%d' % (MINYEAR, MAXYEAR), year)
+    if not 1 <= month <= 12:
+        raise ValueError('month must be in 1..12', month)
+    dim = _days_in_month(year, month)
+    if not 1 <= day <= dim:
+        raise ValueError('day must be in 1..%d' % dim, day)
+
+def _check_time_fields(hour, minute, second, microsecond):
+    if not isinstance(hour, int):
+        raise TypeError('int expected')
+    if not 0 <= hour <= 23:
+        raise ValueError('hour must be in 0..23', hour)
+    if not 0 <= minute <= 59:
+        raise ValueError('minute must be in 0..59', minute)
+    if not 0 <= second <= 59:
+        raise ValueError('second must be in 0..59', second)
+    if not 0 <= microsecond <= 999999:
+        raise ValueError('microsecond must be in 0..999999', microsecond)
+
+def _check_tzinfo_arg(tz):
+    if tz is not None and not isinstance(tz, tzinfo):
+        raise TypeError("tzinfo argument must be None or of a tzinfo subclass")
+
+def _cmperror(x, y):
+    raise TypeError("can't compare '%s' to '%s'" % (
+                    type(x).__name__, type(y).__name__))
+
+class timedelta(object):
+    """Represent the difference between two datetime objects.
+
+    Supported operators:
+
+    - add, subtract timedelta
+    - unary plus, minus, abs
+    - compare to timedelta
+    - multiply, divide by int
+
+    In addition, datetime supports subtraction of two datetime objects
+    returning a timedelta, and addition or subtraction of a datetime
+    and a timedelta giving a datetime.
+
+    Representation: (days, seconds, microseconds).  Why?  Because I
+    felt like it.
+    """
+    __slots__ = '_days', '_seconds', '_microseconds'
+
+    def __new__(cls, days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0,
+                milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=0, weeks=0):
+        # Doing this efficiently and accurately in C is going to be difficult
+        # and error-prone, due to ubiquitous overflow possibilities, and that
+        # C double doesn't have enough bits of precision to represent
+        # microseconds over 10K years faithfully.  The code here tries to make
+        # explicit where go-fast assumptions can be relied on, in order to
+        # guide the C implementation; it's way more convoluted than speed-
+        # ignoring auto-overflow-to-long idiomatic Python could be.
+
+        # XXX Check that all inputs are ints or floats.
+
+        # Final values, all integer.
+        # s and us fit in 32-bit signed ints; d isn't bounded.
+        d = s = us = 0
+
+        # Normalize everything to days, seconds, microseconds.
+        days += weeks*7
+        seconds += minutes*60 + hours*3600
+        microseconds += milliseconds*1000
+
+        # Get rid of all fractions, and normalize s and us.
+        # Take a deep breath <wink>.
+        if isinstance(days, float):
+            dayfrac, days = _math.modf(days)
+            daysecondsfrac, daysecondswhole = _math.modf(dayfrac * (24.*3600.))
+            assert daysecondswhole == int(daysecondswhole)  # can't overflow
+            s = int(daysecondswhole)
+            assert days == int(days)
+            d = int(days)
+        else:
+            daysecondsfrac = 0.0
+            d = days
+        assert isinstance(daysecondsfrac, float)
+        assert abs(daysecondsfrac) <= 1.0
+        assert isinstance(d, int)
+        assert abs(s) <= 24 * 3600
+        # days isn't referenced again before redefinition
+
+        if isinstance(seconds, float):
+            secondsfrac, seconds = _math.modf(seconds)
+            assert seconds == int(seconds)
+            seconds = int(seconds)
+            secondsfrac += daysecondsfrac
+            assert abs(secondsfrac) <= 2.0
+        else:
+            secondsfrac = daysecondsfrac
+        # daysecondsfrac isn't referenced again
+        assert isinstance(secondsfrac, float)
+        assert abs(secondsfrac) <= 2.0
+
+        assert isinstance(seconds, int)
+        days, seconds = divmod(seconds, 24*3600)
+        d += days
+        s += int(seconds)    # can't overflow
+        assert isinstance(s, int)
+        assert abs(s) <= 2 * 24 * 3600
+        # seconds isn't referenced again before redefinition
+
+        usdouble = secondsfrac * 1e6
+        assert abs(usdouble) < 2.1e6    # exact value not critical
+        # secondsfrac isn't referenced again
+
+        if isinstance(microseconds, float):
+            microseconds += usdouble
+            microseconds = round(microseconds, 0)
+            seconds, microseconds = divmod(microseconds, 1e6)
+            assert microseconds == int(microseconds)
+            assert seconds == int(seconds)
+            days, seconds = divmod(seconds, 24.*3600.)
+            assert days == int(days)
+            assert seconds == int(seconds)
+            d += int(days)
+            s += int(seconds)   # can't overflow
+            assert isinstance(s, int)
+            assert abs(s) <= 3 * 24 * 3600
+        else:
+            seconds, microseconds = divmod(microseconds, 1000000)
+            days, seconds = divmod(seconds, 24*3600)
+            d += days
+            s += int(seconds)    # can't overflow
+            assert isinstance(s, int)
+            assert abs(s) <= 3 * 24 * 3600
+            microseconds = float(microseconds)
+            microseconds += usdouble
+            microseconds = round(microseconds, 0)
+        assert abs(s) <= 3 * 24 * 3600
+        assert abs(microseconds) < 3.1e6
+
+        # Just a little bit of carrying possible for microseconds and seconds.
+        assert isinstance(microseconds, float)
+        assert int(microseconds) == microseconds
+        us = int(microseconds)
+        seconds, us = divmod(us, 1000000)
+        s += seconds    # cant't overflow
+        assert isinstance(s, int)
+        days, s = divmod(s, 24*3600)
+        d += days
+
+        assert isinstance(d, int)
+        assert isinstance(s, int) and 0 <= s < 24*3600
+        assert isinstance(us, int) and 0 <= us < 1000000
+
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+
+        self._days = d
+        self._seconds = s
+        self._microseconds = us
+        if abs(d) > 999999999:
+            raise OverflowError("timedelta # of days is too large: %d" % d)
+
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self._microseconds:
+            return "%s(%d, %d, %d)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
+                                       self._days,
+                                       self._seconds,
+                                       self._microseconds)
+        if self._seconds:
+            return "%s(%d, %d)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
+                                   self._days,
+                                   self._seconds)
+        return "%s(%d)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__, self._days)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        mm, ss = divmod(self._seconds, 60)
+        hh, mm = divmod(mm, 60)
+        s = "%d:%02d:%02d" % (hh, mm, ss)
+        if self._days:
+            def plural(n):
+                return n, abs(n) != 1 and "s" or ""
+            s = ("%d day%s, " % plural(self._days)) + s
+        if self._microseconds:
+            s = s + ".%06d" % self._microseconds
+        return s
+
+    def total_seconds(self):
+        """Total seconds in the duration."""
+        return ((self.days * 86400 + self.seconds)*10**6 +
+                self.microseconds) / 10**6
+
+    # Read-only field accessors
+    @property
+    def days(self):
+        """days"""
+        return self._days
+
+    @property
+    def seconds(self):
+        """seconds"""
+        return self._seconds
+
+    @property
+    def microseconds(self):
+        """microseconds"""
+        return self._microseconds
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            # for CPython compatibility, we cannot use
+            # our __class__ here, but need a real timedelta
+            return timedelta(self._days + other._days,
+                             self._seconds + other._seconds,
+                             self._microseconds + other._microseconds)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __radd__ = __add__
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            # for CPython compatibility, we cannot use
+            # our __class__ here, but need a real timedelta
+            return timedelta(self._days - other._days,
+                             self._seconds - other._seconds,
+                             self._microseconds - other._microseconds)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return -self + other
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        # for CPython compatibility, we cannot use
+        # our __class__ here, but need a real timedelta
+        return timedelta(-self._days,
+                         -self._seconds,
+                         -self._microseconds)
+
+    def __pos__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __abs__(self):
+        if self._days < 0:
+            return -self
+        else:
+            return self
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, int):
+            # for CPython compatibility, we cannot use
+            # our __class__ here, but need a real timedelta
+            return timedelta(self._days * other,
+                             self._seconds * other,
+                             self._microseconds * other)
+        if isinstance(other, float):
+            a, b = other.as_integer_ratio()
+            return self * a / b
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __rmul__ = __mul__
+
+    def _to_microseconds(self):
+        return ((self._days * (24*3600) + self._seconds) * 1000000 +
+                self._microseconds)
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, (int, timedelta)):
+            return NotImplemented
+        usec = self._to_microseconds()
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return usec // other._to_microseconds()
+        if isinstance(other, int):
+            return timedelta(0, 0, usec // other)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, (int, float, timedelta)):
+            return NotImplemented
+        usec = self._to_microseconds()
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return usec / other._to_microseconds()
+        if isinstance(other, int):
+            return timedelta(0, 0, usec / other)
+        if isinstance(other, float):
+            a, b = other.as_integer_ratio()
+            return timedelta(0, 0, b * usec / a)
+
+    def __mod__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            r = self._to_microseconds() % other._to_microseconds()
+            return timedelta(0, 0, r)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __divmod__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            q, r = divmod(self._to_microseconds(),
+                          other._to_microseconds())
+            return q, timedelta(0, 0, r)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    # Comparisons of timedelta objects with other.
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return self._cmp(other) == 0
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return self._cmp(other) != 0
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return self._cmp(other) <= 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return self._cmp(other) < 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return self._cmp(other) >= 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return self._cmp(other) > 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def _cmp(self, other):
+        assert isinstance(other, timedelta)
+        return _cmp(self._getstate(), other._getstate())
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._getstate())
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return (self._days != 0 or
+                self._seconds != 0 or
+                self._microseconds != 0)
+
+    # Pickle support.
+
+    def _getstate(self):
+        return (self._days, self._seconds, self._microseconds)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, self._getstate())
+
+timedelta.min = timedelta(-999999999)
+timedelta.max = timedelta(days=999999999, hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59,
+                          microseconds=999999)
+timedelta.resolution = timedelta(microseconds=1)
+
+class date(object):
+    """Concrete date type.
+
+    Constructors:
+
+    __new__()
+    fromtimestamp()
+    today()
+    fromordinal()
+
+    Operators:
+
+    __repr__, __str__
+    __cmp__, __hash__
+    __add__, __radd__, __sub__ (add/radd only with timedelta arg)
+
+    Methods:
+
+    timetuple()
+    toordinal()
+    weekday()
+    isoweekday(), isocalendar(), isoformat()
+    ctime()
+    strftime()
+
+    Properties (readonly):
+    year, month, day
+    """
+    __slots__ = '_year', '_month', '_day'
+
+    def __new__(cls, year, month=None, day=None):
+        """Constructor.
+
+        Arguments:
+
+        year, month, day (required, base 1)
+        """
+        if (isinstance(year, bytes) and len(year) == 4 and
+            1 <= year[2] <= 12 and month is None):  # Month is sane
+            # Pickle support
+            self = object.__new__(cls)
+            self.__setstate(year)
+            return self
+        _check_date_fields(year, month, day)
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+        self._year = year
+        self._month = month
+        self._day = day
+        return self
+
+    # Additional constructors
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromtimestamp(cls, t):
+        "Construct a date from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time())."
+        y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, weekday, jday, dst = _time.localtime(t)
+        return cls(y, m, d)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def today(cls):
+        "Construct a date from time.time()."
+        t = _time.time()
+        return cls.fromtimestamp(t)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromordinal(cls, n):
+        """Contruct a date from a proleptic Gregorian ordinal.
+
+        January 1 of year 1 is day 1.  Only the year, month and day are
+        non-zero in the result.
+        """
+        y, m, d = _ord2ymd(n)
+        return cls(y, m, d)
+
+    # Conversions to string
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Convert to formal string, for repr().
+
+        >>> dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1)
+        >>> repr(dt)
+        'datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0)'
+
+        >>> dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        >>> repr(dt)
+        'datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)'
+        """
+        return "%s(%d, %d, %d)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
+                                   self._year,
+                                   self._month,
+                                   self._day)
+    # XXX These shouldn't depend on time.localtime(), because that
+    # clips the usable dates to [1970 .. 2038).  At least ctime() is
+    # easily done without using strftime() -- that's better too because
+    # strftime("%c", ...) is locale specific.
+
+
+    def ctime(self):
+        "Return ctime() style string."
+        weekday = self.toordinal() % 7 or 7
+        return "%s %s %2d 00:00:00 %04d" % (
+            _DAYNAMES[weekday],
+            _MONTHNAMES[self._month],
+            self._day, self._year)
+
+    def strftime(self, fmt):
+        "Format using strftime()."
+        return _wrap_strftime(self, fmt, self.timetuple())
+
+    def __format__(self, fmt):
+        if len(fmt) != 0:
+            return self.strftime(fmt)
+        return str(self)
+
+    def isoformat(self):
+        """Return the date formatted according to ISO.
+
+        This is 'YYYY-MM-DD'.
+
+        References:
+        - http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
+        - http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html
+        """
+        return "%04d-%02d-%02d" % (self._year, self._month, self._day)
+
+    __str__ = isoformat
+
+    # Read-only field accessors
+    @property
+    def year(self):
+        """year (1-9999)"""
+        return self._year
+
+    @property
+    def month(self):
+        """month (1-12)"""
+        return self._month
+
+    @property
+    def day(self):
+        """day (1-31)"""
+        return self._day
+
+    # Standard conversions, __cmp__, __hash__ (and helpers)
+
+    def timetuple(self):
+        "Return local time tuple compatible with time.localtime()."
+        return _build_struct_time(self._year, self._month, self._day,
+                                  0, 0, 0, -1)
+
+    def toordinal(self):
+        """Return proleptic Gregorian ordinal for the year, month and day.
+
+        January 1 of year 1 is day 1.  Only the year, month and day values
+        contribute to the result.
+        """
+        return _ymd2ord(self._year, self._month, self._day)
+
+    def replace(self, year=None, month=None, day=None):
+        """Return a new date with new values for the specified fields."""
+        if year is None:
+            year = self._year
+        if month is None:
+            month = self._month
+        if day is None:
+            day = self._day
+        _check_date_fields(year, month, day)
+        return date(year, month, day)
+
+    # Comparisons of date objects with other.
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, date):
+            return self._cmp(other) == 0
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, date):
+            return self._cmp(other) != 0
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, date):
+            return self._cmp(other) <= 0
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, date):
+            return self._cmp(other) < 0
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, date):
+            return self._cmp(other) >= 0
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, date):
+            return self._cmp(other) > 0
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def _cmp(self, other):
+        assert isinstance(other, date)
+        y, m, d = self._year, self._month, self._day
+        y2, m2, d2 = other._year, other._month, other._day
+        return _cmp((y, m, d), (y2, m2, d2))
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        "Hash."
+        return hash(self._getstate())
+
+    # Computations
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        "Add a date to a timedelta."
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            o = self.toordinal() + other.days
+            if 0 < o <= _MAXORDINAL:
+                return date.fromordinal(o)
+            raise OverflowError("result out of range")
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    __radd__ = __add__
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """Subtract two dates, or a date and a timedelta."""
+        if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return self + timedelta(-other.days)
+        if isinstance(other, date):
+            days1 = self.toordinal()
+            days2 = other.toordinal()
+            return timedelta(days1 - days2)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def weekday(self):
+        "Return day of the week, where Monday == 0 ... Sunday == 6."
+        return (self.toordinal() + 6) % 7
+
+    # Day-of-the-week and week-of-the-year, according to ISO
+
+    def isoweekday(self):
+        "Return day of the week, where Monday == 1 ... Sunday == 7."
+        # 1-Jan-0001 is a Monday
+        return self.toordinal() % 7 or 7
+
+    def isocalendar(self):
+        """Return a 3-tuple containing ISO year, week number, and weekday.
+
+        The first ISO week of the year is the (Mon-Sun) week
+        containing the year's first Thursday; everything else derives
+        from that.
+
+        The first week is 1; Monday is 1 ... Sunday is 7.
+
+        ISO calendar algorithm taken from
+        http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/isocalendar.htm
+        """
+        year = self._year
+        week1monday = _isoweek1monday(year)
+        today = _ymd2ord(self._year, self._month, self._day)
+        # Internally, week and day have origin 0
+        week, day = divmod(today - week1monday, 7)
+        if week < 0:
+            year -= 1
+            week1monday = _isoweek1monday(year)
+            week, day = divmod(today - week1monday, 7)
+        elif week >= 52:
+            if today >= _isoweek1monday(year+1):
+                year += 1
+                week = 0
+        return year, week+1, day+1
+
+    # Pickle support.
+
+    def _getstate(self):
+        yhi, ylo = divmod(self._year, 256)
+        return bytes([yhi, ylo, self._month, self._day]),
+
+    def __setstate(self, string):
+        if len(string) != 4 or not (1 <= string[2] <= 12):
+            raise TypeError("not enough arguments")
+        yhi, ylo, self._month, self._day = string
+        self._year = yhi * 256 + ylo
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, self._getstate())
+
+_date_class = date  # so functions w/ args named "date" can get at the class
+
+date.min = date(1, 1, 1)
+date.max = date(9999, 12, 31)
+date.resolution = timedelta(days=1)
+
+class tzinfo(object):
+    """Abstract base class for time zone info classes.
+
+    Subclasses must override the name(), utcoffset() and dst() methods.
+    """
+    __slots__ = ()
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        "datetime -> string name of time zone."
+        raise NotImplementedError("tzinfo subclass must override tzname()")
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        "datetime -> minutes east of UTC (negative for west of UTC)"
+        raise NotImplementedError("tzinfo subclass must override utcoffset()")
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        """datetime -> DST offset in minutes east of UTC.
+
+        Return 0 if DST not in effect.  utcoffset() must include the DST
+        offset.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("tzinfo subclass must override dst()")
+
+    def fromutc(self, dt):
+        "datetime in UTC -> datetime in local time."
+
+        if not isinstance(dt, datetime):
+            raise TypeError("fromutc() requires a datetime argument")
+        if dt.tzinfo is not self:
+            raise ValueError("dt.tzinfo is not self")
+
+        dtoff = dt.utcoffset()
+        if dtoff is None:
+            raise ValueError("fromutc() requires a non-None utcoffset() "
+                             "result")
+
+        # See the long comment block at the end of this file for an
+        # explanation of this algorithm.
+        dtdst = dt.dst()
+        if dtdst is None:
+            raise ValueError("fromutc() requires a non-None dst() result")
+        delta = dtoff - dtdst
+        if delta:
+            dt += delta
+            dtdst = dt.dst()
+            if dtdst is None:
+                raise ValueError("fromutc(): dt.dst gave inconsistent "
+                                 "results; cannot convert")
+        return dt + dtdst
+
+    # Pickle support.
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        getinitargs = getattr(self, "__getinitargs__", None)
+        if getinitargs:
+            args = getinitargs()
+        else:
+            args = ()
+        getstate = getattr(self, "__getstate__", None)
+        if getstate:
+            state = getstate()
+        else:
+            state = getattr(self, "__dict__", None) or None
+        if state is None:
+            return (self.__class__, args)
+        else:
+            return (self.__class__, args, state)
+
+_tzinfo_class = tzinfo
+
+class time(object):
+    """Time with time zone.
+
+    Constructors:
+
+    __new__()
+
+    Operators:
+
+    __repr__, __str__
+    __cmp__, __hash__
+
+    Methods:
+
+    strftime()
+    isoformat()
+    utcoffset()
+    tzname()
+    dst()
+
+    Properties (readonly):
+    hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None):
+        """Constructor.
+
+        Arguments:
+
+        hour, minute (required)
+        second, microsecond (default to zero)
+        tzinfo (default to None)
+        """
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+        if isinstance(hour, bytes) and len(hour) == 6:
+            # Pickle support
+            self.__setstate(hour, minute or None)
+            return self
+        _check_tzinfo_arg(tzinfo)
+        _check_time_fields(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
+        self._hour = hour
+        self._minute = minute
+        self._second = second
+        self._microsecond = microsecond
+        self._tzinfo = tzinfo
+        return self
+
+    # Read-only field accessors
+    @property
+    def hour(self):
+        """hour (0-23)"""
+        return self._hour
+
+    @property
+    def minute(self):
+        """minute (0-59)"""
+        return self._minute
+
+    @property
+    def second(self):
+        """second (0-59)"""
+        return self._second
+
+    @property
+    def microsecond(self):
+        """microsecond (0-999999)"""
+        return self._microsecond
+
+    @property
+    def tzinfo(self):
+        """timezone info object"""
+        return self._tzinfo
+
+    # Standard conversions, __hash__ (and helpers)
+
+    # Comparisons of time objects with other.
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, time):
+            return self._cmp(other, allow_mixed=True) == 0
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, time):
+            return self._cmp(other, allow_mixed=True) != 0
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, time):
+            return self._cmp(other) <= 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, time):
+            return self._cmp(other) < 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, time):
+            return self._cmp(other) >= 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, time):
+            return self._cmp(other) > 0
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def _cmp(self, other, allow_mixed=False):
+        assert isinstance(other, time)
+        mytz = self._tzinfo
+        ottz = other._tzinfo
+        myoff = otoff = None
+
+        if mytz is ottz:
+            base_compare = True
+        else:
+            myoff = self.utcoffset()
+            otoff = other.utcoffset()
+            base_compare = myoff == otoff
+
+        if base_compare:
+            return _cmp((self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+                         self._microsecond),
+                       (other._hour, other._minute, other._second,
+                        other._microsecond))
+        if myoff is None or otoff is None:
+            if allow_mixed:
+                return 2 # arbitrary non-zero value
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("cannot compare naive and aware times")
+        myhhmm = self._hour * 60 + self._minute - myoff//timedelta(minutes=1)
+        othhmm = other._hour * 60 + other._minute - otoff//timedelta(minutes=1)
+        return _cmp((myhhmm, self._second, self._microsecond),
+                    (othhmm, other._second, other._microsecond))
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """Hash."""
+        tzoff = self.utcoffset()
+        if not tzoff: # zero or None
+            return hash(self._getstate()[0])
+        h, m = divmod(timedelta(hours=self.hour, minutes=self.minute) - tzoff,
+                      timedelta(hours=1))
+        assert not m % timedelta(minutes=1), "whole minute"
+        m //= timedelta(minutes=1)
+        if 0 <= h < 24:
+            return hash(time(h, m, self.second, self.microsecond))
+        return hash((h, m, self.second, self.microsecond))
+
+    # Conversion to string
+
+    def _tzstr(self, sep=":"):
+        """Return formatted timezone offset (+xx:xx) or None."""
+        off = self.utcoffset()
+        if off is not None:
+            if off.days < 0:
+                sign = "-"
+                off = -off
+            else:
+                sign = "+"
+            hh, mm = divmod(off, timedelta(hours=1))
+            assert not mm % timedelta(minutes=1), "whole minute"
+            mm //= timedelta(minutes=1)
+            assert 0 <= hh < 24
+            off = "%s%02d%s%02d" % (sign, hh, sep, mm)
+        return off
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Convert to formal string, for repr()."""
+        if self._microsecond != 0:
+            s = ", %d, %d" % (self._second, self._microsecond)
+        elif self._second != 0:
+            s = ", %d" % self._second
+        else:
+            s = ""
+        s= "%s(%d, %d%s)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
+                             self._hour, self._minute, s)
+        if self._tzinfo is not None:
+            assert s[-1:] == ")"
+            s = s[:-1] + ", tzinfo=%r" % self._tzinfo + ")"
+        return s
+
+    def isoformat(self):
+        """Return the time formatted according to ISO.
+
+        This is 'HH:MM:SS.mmmmmm+zz:zz', or 'HH:MM:SS+zz:zz' if
+        self.microsecond == 0.
+        """
+        s = _format_time(self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+                         self._microsecond)
+        tz = self._tzstr()
+        if tz:
+            s += tz
+        return s
+
+    __str__ = isoformat
+
+    def strftime(self, fmt):
+        """Format using strftime().  The date part of the timestamp passed
+        to underlying strftime should not be used.
+        """
+        # The year must be >= 1000 else Python's strftime implementation
+        # can raise a bogus exception.
+        timetuple = (1900, 1, 1,
+                     self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+                     0, 1, -1)
+        return _wrap_strftime(self, fmt, timetuple)
+
+    def __format__(self, fmt):
+        if len(fmt) != 0:
+            return self.strftime(fmt)
+        return str(self)
+
+    # Timezone functions
+
+    def utcoffset(self):
+        """Return the timezone offset in minutes east of UTC (negative west of
+        UTC)."""
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return None
+        offset = self._tzinfo.utcoffset(None)
+        _check_utc_offset("utcoffset", offset)
+        return offset
+
+    def tzname(self):
+        """Return the timezone name.
+
+        Note that the name is 100% informational -- there's no requirement that
+        it mean anything in particular. For example, "GMT", "UTC", "-500",
+        "-5:00", "EDT", "US/Eastern", "America/New York" are all valid replies.
+        """
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return None
+        name = self._tzinfo.tzname(None)
+        _check_tzname(name)
+        return name
+
+    def dst(self):
+        """Return 0 if DST is not in effect, or the DST offset (in minutes
+        eastward) if DST is in effect.
+
+        This is purely informational; the DST offset has already been added to
+        the UTC offset returned by utcoffset() if applicable, so there's no
+        need to consult dst() unless you're interested in displaying the DST
+        info.
+        """
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return None
+        offset = self._tzinfo.dst(None)
+        _check_utc_offset("dst", offset)
+        return offset
+
+    def replace(self, hour=None, minute=None, second=None, microsecond=None,
+                tzinfo=True):
+        """Return a new time with new values for the specified fields."""
+        if hour is None:
+            hour = self.hour
+        if minute is None:
+            minute = self.minute
+        if second is None:
+            second = self.second
+        if microsecond is None:
+            microsecond = self.microsecond
+        if tzinfo is True:
+            tzinfo = self.tzinfo
+        _check_time_fields(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
+        _check_tzinfo_arg(tzinfo)
+        return time(hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        if self.second or self.microsecond:
+            return True
+        offset = self.utcoffset() or timedelta(0)
+        return timedelta(hours=self.hour, minutes=self.minute) != offset
+
+    # Pickle support.
+
+    def _getstate(self):
+        us2, us3 = divmod(self._microsecond, 256)
+        us1, us2 = divmod(us2, 256)
+        basestate = bytes([self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+                           us1, us2, us3])
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return (basestate,)
+        else:
+            return (basestate, self._tzinfo)
+
+    def __setstate(self, string, tzinfo):
+        if len(string) != 6 or string[0] >= 24:
+            raise TypeError("an integer is required")
+        (self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+         us1, us2, us3) = string
+        self._microsecond = (((us1 << 8) | us2) << 8) | us3
+        if tzinfo is None or isinstance(tzinfo, _tzinfo_class):
+            self._tzinfo = tzinfo
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("bad tzinfo state arg %r" % tzinfo)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (time, self._getstate())
+
+_time_class = time  # so functions w/ args named "time" can get at the class
+
+time.min = time(0, 0, 0)
+time.max = time(23, 59, 59, 999999)
+time.resolution = timedelta(microseconds=1)
+
+class datetime(date):
+    """datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[,tzinfo]]]]])
+
+    The year, month and day arguments are required. tzinfo may be None, or an
+    instance of a tzinfo subclass. The remaining arguments may be ints.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = date.__slots__ + (
+        '_hour', '_minute', '_second',
+        '_microsecond', '_tzinfo')
+    def __new__(cls, year, month=None, day=None, hour=0, minute=0, second=0,
+                microsecond=0, tzinfo=None):
+        if isinstance(year, bytes) and len(year) == 10:
+            # Pickle support
+            self = date.__new__(cls, year[:4])
+            self.__setstate(year, month)
+            return self
+        _check_tzinfo_arg(tzinfo)
+        _check_time_fields(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
+        self = date.__new__(cls, year, month, day)
+        self._hour = hour
+        self._minute = minute
+        self._second = second
+        self._microsecond = microsecond
+        self._tzinfo = tzinfo
+        return self
+
+    # Read-only field accessors
+    @property
+    def hour(self):
+        """hour (0-23)"""
+        return self._hour
+
+    @property
+    def minute(self):
+        """minute (0-59)"""
+        return self._minute
+
+    @property
+    def second(self):
+        """second (0-59)"""
+        return self._second
+
+    @property
+    def microsecond(self):
+        """microsecond (0-999999)"""
+        return self._microsecond
+
+    @property
+    def tzinfo(self):
+        """timezone info object"""
+        return self._tzinfo
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromtimestamp(cls, t, tz=None):
+        """Construct a datetime from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time()).
+
+        A timezone info object may be passed in as well.
+        """
+
+        _check_tzinfo_arg(tz)
+
+        converter = _time.localtime if tz is None else _time.gmtime
+
+        t, frac = divmod(t, 1.0)
+        us = int(frac * 1e6)
+
+        # If timestamp is less than one microsecond smaller than a
+        # full second, us can be rounded up to 1000000.  In this case,
+        # roll over to seconds, otherwise, ValueError is raised
+        # by the constructor.
+        if us == 1000000:
+            t += 1
+            us = 0
+        y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, weekday, jday, dst = converter(t)
+        ss = min(ss, 59)    # clamp out leap seconds if the platform has them
+        result = cls(y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, us, tz)
+        if tz is not None:
+            result = tz.fromutc(result)
+        return result
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcfromtimestamp(cls, t):
+        "Construct a UTC datetime from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time())."
+        t, frac = divmod(t, 1.0)
+        us = int(frac * 1e6)
+
+        # If timestamp is less than one microsecond smaller than a
+        # full second, us can be rounded up to 1000000.  In this case,
+        # roll over to seconds, otherwise, ValueError is raised
+        # by the constructor.
+        if us == 1000000:
+            t += 1
+            us = 0
+        y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, weekday, jday, dst = _time.gmtime(t)
+        ss = min(ss, 59)    # clamp out leap seconds if the platform has them
+        return cls(y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, us)
+
+    # XXX This is supposed to do better than we *can* do by using time.time(),
+    # XXX if the platform supports a more accurate way.  The C implementation
+    # XXX uses gettimeofday on platforms that have it, but that isn't
+    # XXX available from Python.  So now() may return different results
+    # XXX across the implementations.
+    @classmethod
+    def now(cls, tz=None):
+        "Construct a datetime from time.time() and optional time zone info."
+        t = _time.time()
+        return cls.fromtimestamp(t, tz)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcnow(cls):
+        "Construct a UTC datetime from time.time()."
+        t = _time.time()
+        return cls.utcfromtimestamp(t)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def combine(cls, date, time):
+        "Construct a datetime from a given date and a given time."
+        if not isinstance(date, _date_class):
+            raise TypeError("date argument must be a date instance")
+        if not isinstance(time, _time_class):
+            raise TypeError("time argument must be a time instance")
+        return cls(date.year, date.month, date.day,
+                   time.hour, time.minute, time.second, time.microsecond,
+                   time.tzinfo)
+
+    def timetuple(self):
+        "Return local time tuple compatible with time.localtime()."
+        dst = self.dst()
+        if dst is None:
+            dst = -1
+        elif dst:
+            dst = 1
+        else:
+            dst = 0
+        return _build_struct_time(self.year, self.month, self.day,
+                                  self.hour, self.minute, self.second,
+                                  dst)
+
+    def timestamp(self):
+        "Return POSIX timestamp as float"
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return _time.mktime((self.year, self.month, self.day,
+                                 self.hour, self.minute, self.second,
+                                 -1, -1, -1)) + self.microsecond / 1e6
+        else:
+            return (self - _EPOCH).total_seconds()
+
+    def utctimetuple(self):
+        "Return UTC time tuple compatible with time.gmtime()."
+        offset = self.utcoffset()
+        if offset:
+            self -= offset
+        y, m, d = self.year, self.month, self.day
+        hh, mm, ss = self.hour, self.minute, self.second
+        return _build_struct_time(y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, 0)
+
+    def date(self):
+        "Return the date part."
+        return date(self._year, self._month, self._day)
+
+    def time(self):
+        "Return the time part, with tzinfo None."
+        return time(self.hour, self.minute, self.second, self.microsecond)
+
+    def timetz(self):
+        "Return the time part, with same tzinfo."
+        return time(self.hour, self.minute, self.second, self.microsecond,
+                    self._tzinfo)
+
+    def replace(self, year=None, month=None, day=None, hour=None,
+                minute=None, second=None, microsecond=None, tzinfo=True):
+        """Return a new datetime with new values for the specified fields."""
+        if year is None:
+            year = self.year
+        if month is None:
+            month = self.month
+        if day is None:
+            day = self.day
+        if hour is None:
+            hour = self.hour
+        if minute is None:
+            minute = self.minute
+        if second is None:
+            second = self.second
+        if microsecond is None:
+            microsecond = self.microsecond
+        if tzinfo is True:
+            tzinfo = self.tzinfo
+        _check_date_fields(year, month, day)
+        _check_time_fields(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
+        _check_tzinfo_arg(tzinfo)
+        return datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second,
+                          microsecond, tzinfo)
+
+    def astimezone(self, tz=None):
+        if tz is None:
+            if self.tzinfo is None:
+                raise ValueError("astimezone() requires an aware datetime")
+            ts = (self - _EPOCH) // timedelta(seconds=1)
+            localtm = _time.localtime(ts)
+            local = datetime(*localtm[:6])
+            try:
+                # Extract TZ data if available
+                gmtoff = localtm.tm_gmtoff
+                zone = localtm.tm_zone
+            except AttributeError:
+                # Compute UTC offset and compare with the value implied
+                # by tm_isdst.  If the values match, use the zone name
+                # implied by tm_isdst.
+                delta = local - datetime(*_time.gmtime(ts)[:6])
+                dst = _time.daylight and localtm.tm_isdst > 0
+                gmtoff = -(_time.altzone if dst else _time.timezone)
+                if delta == timedelta(seconds=gmtoff):
+                    tz = timezone(delta, _time.tzname[dst])
+                else:
+                    tz = timezone(delta)
+            else:
+                tz = timezone(timedelta(seconds=gmtoff), zone)
+
+        elif not isinstance(tz, tzinfo):
+            raise TypeError("tz argument must be an instance of tzinfo")
+
+        mytz = self.tzinfo
+        if mytz is None:
+            raise ValueError("astimezone() requires an aware datetime")
+
+        if tz is mytz:
+            return self
+
+        # Convert self to UTC, and attach the new time zone object.
+        myoffset = self.utcoffset()
+        if myoffset is None:
+            raise ValueError("astimezone() requires an aware datetime")
+        utc = (self - myoffset).replace(tzinfo=tz)
+
+        # Convert from UTC to tz's local time.
+        return tz.fromutc(utc)
+
+    # Ways to produce a string.
+
+    def ctime(self):
+        "Return ctime() style string."
+        weekday = self.toordinal() % 7 or 7
+        return "%s %s %2d %02d:%02d:%02d %04d" % (
+            _DAYNAMES[weekday],
+            _MONTHNAMES[self._month],
+            self._day,
+            self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+            self._year)
+
+    def isoformat(self, sep='T'):
+        """Return the time formatted according to ISO.
+
+        This is 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.mmmmmm', or 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' if
+        self.microsecond == 0.
+
+        If self.tzinfo is not None, the UTC offset is also attached, giving
+        'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.mmmmmm+HH:MM' or 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS+HH:MM'.
+
+        Optional argument sep specifies the separator between date and
+        time, default 'T'.
+        """
+        s = ("%04d-%02d-%02d%c" % (self._year, self._month, self._day,
+                                  sep) +
+                _format_time(self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+                             self._microsecond))
+        off = self.utcoffset()
+        if off is not None:
+            if off.days < 0:
+                sign = "-"
+                off = -off
+            else:
+                sign = "+"
+            hh, mm = divmod(off, timedelta(hours=1))
+            assert not mm % timedelta(minutes=1), "whole minute"
+            mm //= timedelta(minutes=1)
+            s += "%s%02d:%02d" % (sign, hh, mm)
+        return s
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Convert to formal string, for repr()."""
+        L = [self._year, self._month, self._day, # These are never zero
+             self._hour, self._minute, self._second, self._microsecond]
+        if L[-1] == 0:
+            del L[-1]
+        if L[-1] == 0:
+            del L[-1]
+        s = ", ".join(map(str, L))
+        s = "%s(%s)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__, s)
+        if self._tzinfo is not None:
+            assert s[-1:] == ")"
+            s = s[:-1] + ", tzinfo=%r" % self._tzinfo + ")"
+        return s
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        "Convert to string, for str()."
+        return self.isoformat(sep=' ')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strptime(cls, date_string, format):
+        'string, format -> new datetime parsed from a string (like time.strptime()).'
+        import _strptime
+        return _strptime._strptime_datetime(cls, date_string, format)
+
+    def utcoffset(self):
+        """Return the timezone offset in minutes east of UTC (negative west of
+        UTC)."""
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return None
+        offset = self._tzinfo.utcoffset(self)
+        _check_utc_offset("utcoffset", offset)
+        return offset
+
+    def tzname(self):
+        """Return the timezone name.
+
+        Note that the name is 100% informational -- there's no requirement that
+        it mean anything in particular. For example, "GMT", "UTC", "-500",
+        "-5:00", "EDT", "US/Eastern", "America/New York" are all valid replies.
+        """
+        name = _call_tzinfo_method(self._tzinfo, "tzname", self)
+        _check_tzname(name)
+        return name
+
+    def dst(self):
+        """Return 0 if DST is not in effect, or the DST offset (in minutes
+        eastward) if DST is in effect.
+
+        This is purely informational; the DST offset has already been added to
+        the UTC offset returned by utcoffset() if applicable, so there's no
+        need to consult dst() unless you're interested in displaying the DST
+        info.
+        """
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return None
+        offset = self._tzinfo.dst(self)
+        _check_utc_offset("dst", offset)
+        return offset
+
+    # Comparisons of datetime objects with other.
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, datetime):
+            return self._cmp(other, allow_mixed=True) == 0
+        elif not isinstance(other, date):
+            return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, datetime):
+            return self._cmp(other, allow_mixed=True) != 0
+        elif not isinstance(other, date):
+            return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, datetime):
+            return self._cmp(other) <= 0
+        elif not isinstance(other, date):
+            return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, datetime):
+            return self._cmp(other) < 0
+        elif not isinstance(other, date):
+            return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, datetime):
+            return self._cmp(other) >= 0
+        elif not isinstance(other, date):
+            return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, datetime):
+            return self._cmp(other) > 0
+        elif not isinstance(other, date):
+            return NotImplemented
+        else:
+            _cmperror(self, other)
+
+    def _cmp(self, other, allow_mixed=False):
+        assert isinstance(other, datetime)
+        mytz = self._tzinfo
+        ottz = other._tzinfo
+        myoff = otoff = None
+
+        if mytz is ottz:
+            base_compare = True
+        else:
+            myoff = self.utcoffset()
+            otoff = other.utcoffset()
+            base_compare = myoff == otoff
+
+        if base_compare:
+            return _cmp((self._year, self._month, self._day,
+                         self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+                         self._microsecond),
+                       (other._year, other._month, other._day,
+                        other._hour, other._minute, other._second,
+                        other._microsecond))
+        if myoff is None or otoff is None:
+            if allow_mixed:
+                return 2 # arbitrary non-zero value
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("cannot compare naive and aware datetimes")
+        # XXX What follows could be done more efficiently...
+        diff = self - other     # this will take offsets into account
+        if diff.days < 0:
+            return -1
+        return diff and 1 or 0
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        "Add a datetime and a timedelta."
+        if not isinstance(other, timedelta):
+            return NotImplemented
+        delta = timedelta(self.toordinal(),
+                          hours=self._hour,
+                          minutes=self._minute,
+                          seconds=self._second,
+                          microseconds=self._microsecond)
+        delta += other
+        hour, rem = divmod(delta.seconds, 3600)
+        minute, second = divmod(rem, 60)
+        if 0 < delta.days <= _MAXORDINAL:
+            return datetime.combine(date.fromordinal(delta.days),
+                                    time(hour, minute, second,
+                                         delta.microseconds,
+                                         tzinfo=self._tzinfo))
+        raise OverflowError("result out of range")
+
+    __radd__ = __add__
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        "Subtract two datetimes, or a datetime and a timedelta."
+        if not isinstance(other, datetime):
+            if isinstance(other, timedelta):
+                return self + -other
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        days1 = self.toordinal()
+        days2 = other.toordinal()
+        secs1 = self._second + self._minute * 60 + self._hour * 3600
+        secs2 = other._second + other._minute * 60 + other._hour * 3600
+        base = timedelta(days1 - days2,
+                         secs1 - secs2,
+                         self._microsecond - other._microsecond)
+        if self._tzinfo is other._tzinfo:
+            return base
+        myoff = self.utcoffset()
+        otoff = other.utcoffset()
+        if myoff == otoff:
+            return base
+        if myoff is None or otoff is None:
+            raise TypeError("cannot mix naive and timezone-aware time")
+        return base + otoff - myoff
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        tzoff = self.utcoffset()
+        if tzoff is None:
+            return hash(self._getstate()[0])
+        days = _ymd2ord(self.year, self.month, self.day)
+        seconds = self.hour * 3600 + self.minute * 60 + self.second
+        return hash(timedelta(days, seconds, self.microsecond) - tzoff)
+
+    # Pickle support.
+
+    def _getstate(self):
+        yhi, ylo = divmod(self._year, 256)
+        us2, us3 = divmod(self._microsecond, 256)
+        us1, us2 = divmod(us2, 256)
+        basestate = bytes([yhi, ylo, self._month, self._day,
+                           self._hour, self._minute, self._second,
+                           us1, us2, us3])
+        if self._tzinfo is None:
+            return (basestate,)
+        else:
+            return (basestate, self._tzinfo)
+
+    def __setstate(self, string, tzinfo):
+        (yhi, ylo, self._month, self._day, self._hour,
+         self._minute, self._second, us1, us2, us3) = string
+        self._year = yhi * 256 + ylo
+        self._microsecond = (((us1 << 8) | us2) << 8) | us3
+        if tzinfo is None or isinstance(tzinfo, _tzinfo_class):
+            self._tzinfo = tzinfo
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("bad tzinfo state arg %r" % tzinfo)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (self.__class__, self._getstate())
+
+
+datetime.min = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+datetime.max = datetime(9999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
+datetime.resolution = timedelta(microseconds=1)
+
+
+def _isoweek1monday(year):
+    # Helper to calculate the day number of the Monday starting week 1
+    # XXX This could be done more efficiently
+    THURSDAY = 3
+    firstday = _ymd2ord(year, 1, 1)
+    firstweekday = (firstday + 6) % 7 # See weekday() above
+    week1monday = firstday - firstweekday
+    if firstweekday > THURSDAY:
+        week1monday += 7
+    return week1monday
+
+class timezone(tzinfo):
+    __slots__ = '_offset', '_name'
+
+    # Sentinel value to disallow None
+    _Omitted = object()
+    def __new__(cls, offset, name=_Omitted):
+        if not isinstance(offset, timedelta):
+            raise TypeError("offset must be a timedelta")
+        if name is cls._Omitted:
+            if not offset:
+                return cls.utc
+            name = None
+        elif not isinstance(name, str):
+            ###
+            # For Python-Future:
+            if PY2 and isinstance(name, native_str):
+                name = name.decode()
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("name must be a string")
+            ###
+        if not cls._minoffset <= offset <= cls._maxoffset:
+            raise ValueError("offset must be a timedelta"
+                             " strictly between -timedelta(hours=24) and"
+                             " timedelta(hours=24).")
+        if (offset.microseconds != 0 or
+            offset.seconds % 60 != 0):
+            raise ValueError("offset must be a timedelta"
+                             " representing a whole number of minutes")
+        return cls._create(offset, name)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _create(cls, offset, name=None):
+        self = tzinfo.__new__(cls)
+        self._offset = offset
+        self._name = name
+        return self
+
+    def __getinitargs__(self):
+        """pickle support"""
+        if self._name is None:
+            return (self._offset,)
+        return (self._offset, self._name)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if type(other) != timezone:
+            return False
+        return self._offset == other._offset
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._offset)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Convert to formal string, for repr().
+
+        >>> tz = timezone.utc
+        >>> repr(tz)
+        'datetime.timezone.utc'
+        >>> tz = timezone(timedelta(hours=-5), 'EST')
+        >>> repr(tz)
+        "datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(-1, 68400), 'EST')"
+        """
+        if self is self.utc:
+            return 'datetime.timezone.utc'
+        if self._name is None:
+            return "%s(%r)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
+                               self._offset)
+        return "%s(%r, %r)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
+                               self._offset, self._name)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.tzname(None)
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        if isinstance(dt, datetime) or dt is None:
+            return self._offset
+        raise TypeError("utcoffset() argument must be a datetime instance"
+                        " or None")
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        if isinstance(dt, datetime) or dt is None:
+            if self._name is None:
+                return self._name_from_offset(self._offset)
+            return self._name
+        raise TypeError("tzname() argument must be a datetime instance"
+                        " or None")
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        if isinstance(dt, datetime) or dt is None:
+            return None
+        raise TypeError("dst() argument must be a datetime instance"
+                        " or None")
+
+    def fromutc(self, dt):
+        if isinstance(dt, datetime):
+            if dt.tzinfo is not self:
+                raise ValueError("fromutc: dt.tzinfo "
+                                 "is not self")
+            return dt + self._offset
+        raise TypeError("fromutc() argument must be a datetime instance"
+                        " or None")
+
+    _maxoffset = timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59)
+    _minoffset = -_maxoffset
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _name_from_offset(delta):
+        if delta < timedelta(0):
+            sign = '-'
+            delta = -delta
+        else:
+            sign = '+'
+        hours, rest = divmod(delta, timedelta(hours=1))
+        minutes = rest // timedelta(minutes=1)
+        return 'UTC{}{:02d}:{:02d}'.format(sign, hours, minutes)
+
+timezone.utc = timezone._create(timedelta(0))
+timezone.min = timezone._create(timezone._minoffset)
+timezone.max = timezone._create(timezone._maxoffset)
+_EPOCH = datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+"""
+Some time zone algebra.  For a datetime x, let
+    x.n = x stripped of its timezone -- its naive time.
+    x.o = x.utcoffset(), and assuming that doesn't raise an exception or
+          return None
+    x.d = x.dst(), and assuming that doesn't raise an exception or
+          return None
+    x.s = x's standard offset, x.o - x.d
+
+Now some derived rules, where k is a duration (timedelta).
+
+1. x.o = x.s + x.d
+   This follows from the definition of x.s.
+
+2. If x and y have the same tzinfo member, x.s = y.s.
+   This is actually a requirement, an assumption we need to make about
+   sane tzinfo classes.
+
+3. The naive UTC time corresponding to x is x.n - x.o.
+   This is again a requirement for a sane tzinfo class.
+
+4. (x+k).s = x.s
+   This follows from #2, and that datimetimetz+timedelta preserves tzinfo.
+
+5. (x+k).n = x.n + k
+   Again follows from how arithmetic is defined.
+
+Now we can explain tz.fromutc(x).  Let's assume it's an interesting case
+(meaning that the various tzinfo methods exist, and don't blow up or return
+None when called).
+
+The function wants to return a datetime y with timezone tz, equivalent to x.
+x is already in UTC.
+
+By #3, we want
+
+    y.n - y.o = x.n                             [1]
+
+The algorithm starts by attaching tz to x.n, and calling that y.  So
+x.n = y.n at the start.  Then it wants to add a duration k to y, so that [1]
+becomes true; in effect, we want to solve [2] for k:
+
+   (y+k).n - (y+k).o = x.n                      [2]
+
+By #1, this is the same as
+
+   (y+k).n - ((y+k).s + (y+k).d) = x.n          [3]
+
+By #5, (y+k).n = y.n + k, which equals x.n + k because x.n=y.n at the start.
+Substituting that into [3],
+
+   x.n + k - (y+k).s - (y+k).d = x.n; the x.n terms cancel, leaving
+   k - (y+k).s - (y+k).d = 0; rearranging,
+   k = (y+k).s - (y+k).d; by #4, (y+k).s == y.s, so
+   k = y.s - (y+k).d
+
+On the RHS, (y+k).d can't be computed directly, but y.s can be, and we
+approximate k by ignoring the (y+k).d term at first.  Note that k can't be
+very large, since all offset-returning methods return a duration of magnitude
+less than 24 hours.  For that reason, if y is firmly in std time, (y+k).d must
+be 0, so ignoring it has no consequence then.
+
+In any case, the new value is
+
+    z = y + y.s                                 [4]
+
+It's helpful to step back at look at [4] from a higher level:  it's simply
+mapping from UTC to tz's standard time.
+
+At this point, if
+
+    z.n - z.o = x.n                             [5]
+
+we have an equivalent time, and are almost done.  The insecurity here is
+at the start of daylight time.  Picture US Eastern for concreteness.  The wall
+time jumps from 1:59 to 3:00, and wall hours of the form 2:MM don't make good
+sense then.  The docs ask that an Eastern tzinfo class consider such a time to
+be EDT (because it's "after 2"), which is a redundant spelling of 1:MM EST
+on the day DST starts.  We want to return the 1:MM EST spelling because that's
+the only spelling that makes sense on the local wall clock.
+
+In fact, if [5] holds at this point, we do have the standard-time spelling,
+but that takes a bit of proof.  We first prove a stronger result.  What's the
+difference between the LHS and RHS of [5]?  Let
+
+    diff = x.n - (z.n - z.o)                    [6]
+
+Now
+    z.n =                       by [4]
+    (y + y.s).n =               by #5
+    y.n + y.s =                 since y.n = x.n
+    x.n + y.s =                 since z and y are have the same tzinfo member,
+                                    y.s = z.s by #2
+    x.n + z.s
+
+Plugging that back into [6] gives
+
+    diff =
+    x.n - ((x.n + z.s) - z.o) =     expanding
+    x.n - x.n - z.s + z.o =         cancelling
+    - z.s + z.o =                   by #2
+    z.d
+
+So diff = z.d.
+
+If [5] is true now, diff = 0, so z.d = 0 too, and we have the standard-time
+spelling we wanted in the endcase described above.  We're done.  Contrarily,
+if z.d = 0, then we have a UTC equivalent, and are also done.
+
+If [5] is not true now, diff = z.d != 0, and z.d is the offset we need to
+add to z (in effect, z is in tz's standard time, and we need to shift the
+local clock into tz's daylight time).
+
+Let
+
+    z' = z + z.d = z + diff                     [7]
+
+and we can again ask whether
+
+    z'.n - z'.o = x.n                           [8]
+
+If so, we're done.  If not, the tzinfo class is insane, according to the
+assumptions we've made.  This also requires a bit of proof.  As before, let's
+compute the difference between the LHS and RHS of [8] (and skipping some of
+the justifications for the kinds of substitutions we've done several times
+already):
+
+    diff' = x.n - (z'.n - z'.o) =           replacing z'.n via [7]
+            x.n  - (z.n + diff - z'.o) =    replacing diff via [6]
+            x.n - (z.n + x.n - (z.n - z.o) - z'.o) =
+            x.n - z.n - x.n + z.n - z.o + z'.o =    cancel x.n
+            - z.n + z.n - z.o + z'.o =              cancel z.n
+            - z.o + z'.o =                      #1 twice
+            -z.s - z.d + z'.s + z'.d =          z and z' have same tzinfo
+            z'.d - z.d
+
+So z' is UTC-equivalent to x iff z'.d = z.d at this point.  If they are equal,
+we've found the UTC-equivalent so are done.  In fact, we stop with [7] and
+return z', not bothering to compute z'.d.
+
+How could z.d and z'd differ?  z' = z + z.d [7], so merely moving z' by
+a dst() offset, and starting *from* a time already in DST (we know z.d != 0),
+would have to change the result dst() returns:  we start in DST, and moving
+a little further into it takes us out of DST.
+
+There isn't a sane case where this can happen.  The closest it gets is at
+the end of DST, where there's an hour in UTC with no spelling in a hybrid
+tzinfo class.  In US Eastern, that's 5:MM UTC = 0:MM EST = 1:MM EDT.  During
+that hour, on an Eastern clock 1:MM is taken as being in standard time (6:MM
+UTC) because the docs insist on that, but 0:MM is taken as being in daylight
+time (4:MM UTC).  There is no local time mapping to 5:MM UTC.  The local
+clock jumps from 1:59 back to 1:00 again, and repeats the 1:MM hour in
+standard time.  Since that's what the local clock *does*, we want to map both
+UTC hours 5:MM and 6:MM to 1:MM Eastern.  The result is ambiguous
+in local time, but so it goes -- it's the way the local clock works.
+
+When x = 5:MM UTC is the input to this algorithm, x.o=0, y.o=-5 and y.d=0,
+so z=0:MM.  z.d=60 (minutes) then, so [5] doesn't hold and we keep going.
+z' = z + z.d = 1:MM then, and z'.d=0, and z'.d - z.d = -60 != 0 so [8]
+(correctly) concludes that z' is not UTC-equivalent to x.
+
+Because we know z.d said z was in daylight time (else [5] would have held and
+we would have stopped then), and we know z.d != z'.d (else [8] would have held
+and we have stopped then), and there are only 2 possible values dst() can
+return in Eastern, it follows that z'.d must be 0 (which it is in the example,
+but the reasoning doesn't depend on the example -- it depends on there being
+two possible dst() outcomes, one zero and the other non-zero).  Therefore
+z' must be in standard time, and is the spelling we want in this case.
+
+Note again that z' is not UTC-equivalent as far as the hybrid tzinfo class is
+concerned (because it takes z' as being in standard time rather than the
+daylight time we intend here), but returning it gives the real-life "local
+clock repeats an hour" behavior when mapping the "unspellable" UTC hour into
+tz.
+
+When the input is 6:MM, z=1:MM and z.d=0, and we stop at once, again with
+the 1:MM standard time spelling we want.
+
+So how can this break?  One of the assumptions must be violated.  Two
+possibilities:
+
+1) [2] effectively says that y.s is invariant across all y belong to a given
+   time zone.  This isn't true if, for political reasons or continental drift,
+   a region decides to change its base offset from UTC.
+
+2) There may be versions of "double daylight" time where the tail end of
+   the analysis gives up a step too early.  I haven't thought about that
+   enough to say.
+
+In any case, it's clear that the default fromutc() is strong enough to handle
+"almost all" time zones:  so long as the standard offset is invariant, it
+doesn't matter if daylight time transition points change from year to year, or
+if daylight time is skipped in some years; it doesn't matter how large or
+small dst() may get within its bounds; and it doesn't even matter if some
+perverse time zone returns a negative dst()).  So a breaking case must be
+pretty bizarre, and a tzinfo subclass can override fromutc() if it is.
+"""
+try:
+    from _datetime import *
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    # Clean up unused names
+    del (_DAYNAMES, _DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH, _DAYS_IN_MONTH,
+         _DI100Y, _DI400Y, _DI4Y, _MAXORDINAL, _MONTHNAMES,
+         _build_struct_time, _call_tzinfo_method, _check_date_fields,
+         _check_time_fields, _check_tzinfo_arg, _check_tzname,
+         _check_utc_offset, _cmp, _cmperror, _date_class, _days_before_month,
+         _days_before_year, _days_in_month, _format_time, _is_leap,
+         _isoweek1monday, _math, _ord2ymd, _time, _time_class, _tzinfo_class,
+         _wrap_strftime, _ymd2ord)
+    # XXX Since import * above excludes names that start with _,
+    # docstring does not get overwritten. In the future, it may be
+    # appropriate to maintain a single module level docstring and
+    # remove the following line.
+    from _datetime import __doc__
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9523bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""
+Backport of the Python 3.3 email package for Python-Future.
+
+A package for parsing, handling, and generating email messages.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+# Install the surrogate escape handler here because this is used by many
+# modules in the email package.
+from future.utils import surrogateescape
+surrogateescape.register_surrogateescape()
+# (Should this be done globally by ``future``?)
+
+
+__version__ = '5.1.0'
+
+__all__ = [
+    'base64mime',
+    'charset',
+    'encoders',
+    'errors',
+    'feedparser',
+    'generator',
+    'header',
+    'iterators',
+    'message',
+    'message_from_file',
+    'message_from_binary_file',
+    'message_from_string',
+    'message_from_bytes',
+    'mime',
+    'parser',
+    'quoprimime',
+    'utils',
+    ]
+
+
+
+# Some convenience routines.  Don't import Parser and Message as side-effects
+# of importing email since those cascadingly import most of the rest of the
+# email package.
+def message_from_string(s, *args, **kws):
+    """Parse a string into a Message object model.
+
+    Optional _class and strict are passed to the Parser constructor.
+    """
+    from future.backports.email.parser import Parser
+    return Parser(*args, **kws).parsestr(s)
+
+def message_from_bytes(s, *args, **kws):
+    """Parse a bytes string into a Message object model.
+
+    Optional _class and strict are passed to the Parser constructor.
+    """
+    from future.backports.email.parser import BytesParser
+    return BytesParser(*args, **kws).parsebytes(s)
+
+def message_from_file(fp, *args, **kws):
+    """Read a file and parse its contents into a Message object model.
+
+    Optional _class and strict are passed to the Parser constructor.
+    """
+    from future.backports.email.parser import Parser
+    return Parser(*args, **kws).parse(fp)
+
+def message_from_binary_file(fp, *args, **kws):
+    """Read a binary file and parse its contents into a Message object model.
+
+    Optional _class and strict are passed to the Parser constructor.
+    """
+    from future.backports.email.parser import BytesParser
+    return BytesParser(*args, **kws).parse(fp)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_encoded_words.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_encoded_words.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c4a529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_encoded_words.py
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+""" Routines for manipulating RFC2047 encoded words.
+
+This is currently a package-private API, but will be considered for promotion
+to a public API if there is demand.
+
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import bytes
+from future.builtins import chr
+from future.builtins import int
+from future.builtins import str
+
+# An ecoded word looks like this:
+#
+#        =?charset[*lang]?cte?encoded_string?=
+#
+# for more information about charset see the charset module.  Here it is one
+# of the preferred MIME charset names (hopefully; you never know when parsing).
+# cte (Content Transfer Encoding) is either 'q' or 'b' (ignoring case).  In
+# theory other letters could be used for other encodings, but in practice this
+# (almost?) never happens.  There could be a public API for adding entries
+# to the CTE tables, but YAGNI for now.  'q' is Quoted Printable, 'b' is
+# Base64.  The meaning of encoded_string should be obvious.  'lang' is optional
+# as indicated by the brackets (they are not part of the syntax) but is almost
+# never encountered in practice.
+#
+# The general interface for a CTE decoder is that it takes the encoded_string
+# as its argument, and returns a tuple (cte_decoded_string, defects).  The
+# cte_decoded_string is the original binary that was encoded using the
+# specified cte.  'defects' is a list of MessageDefect instances indicating any
+# problems encountered during conversion.  'charset' and 'lang' are the
+# corresponding strings extracted from the EW, case preserved.
+#
+# The general interface for a CTE encoder is that it takes a binary sequence
+# as input and returns the cte_encoded_string, which is an ascii-only string.
+#
+# Each decoder must also supply a length function that takes the binary
+# sequence as its argument and returns the length of the resulting encoded
+# string.
+#
+# The main API functions for the module are decode, which calls the decoder
+# referenced by the cte specifier, and encode, which adds the appropriate
+# RFC 2047 "chrome" to the encoded string, and can optionally automatically
+# select the shortest possible encoding.  See their docstrings below for
+# details.
+
+import re
+import base64
+import binascii
+import functools
+from string import ascii_letters, digits
+from future.backports.email import errors
+
+__all__ = ['decode_q',
+           'encode_q',
+           'decode_b',
+           'encode_b',
+           'len_q',
+           'len_b',
+           'decode',
+           'encode',
+           ]
+
+#
+# Quoted Printable
+#
+
+# regex based decoder.
+_q_byte_subber = functools.partial(re.compile(br'=([a-fA-F0-9]{2})').sub,
+        lambda m: bytes([int(m.group(1), 16)]))
+
+def decode_q(encoded):
+    encoded = bytes(encoded.replace(b'_', b' '))
+    return _q_byte_subber(encoded), []
+
+
+# dict mapping bytes to their encoded form
+class _QByteMap(dict):
+
+    safe = bytes(b'-!*+/' + ascii_letters.encode('ascii') + digits.encode('ascii'))
+
+    def __missing__(self, key):
+        if key in self.safe:
+            self[key] = chr(key)
+        else:
+            self[key] = "={:02X}".format(key)
+        return self[key]
+
+_q_byte_map = _QByteMap()
+
+# In headers spaces are mapped to '_'.
+_q_byte_map[ord(' ')] = '_'
+
+def encode_q(bstring):
+    return str(''.join(_q_byte_map[x] for x in bytes(bstring)))
+
+def len_q(bstring):
+    return sum(len(_q_byte_map[x]) for x in bytes(bstring))
+
+
+#
+# Base64
+#
+
+def decode_b(encoded):
+    defects = []
+    pad_err = len(encoded) % 4
+    if pad_err:
+        defects.append(errors.InvalidBase64PaddingDefect())
+        padded_encoded = encoded + b'==='[:4-pad_err]
+    else:
+        padded_encoded = encoded
+    try:
+        # The validate kwarg to b64decode is not supported in Py2.x
+        if not re.match(b'^[A-Za-z0-9+/]*={0,2}$', padded_encoded):
+            raise binascii.Error('Non-base64 digit found')
+        return base64.b64decode(padded_encoded), defects
+    except binascii.Error:
+        # Since we had correct padding, this must an invalid char error.
+        defects = [errors.InvalidBase64CharactersDefect()]
+        # The non-alphabet characters are ignored as far as padding
+        # goes, but we don't know how many there are.  So we'll just
+        # try various padding lengths until something works.
+        for i in 0, 1, 2, 3:
+            try:
+                return base64.b64decode(encoded+b'='*i), defects
+            except (binascii.Error, TypeError):    # Py2 raises a TypeError
+                if i==0:
+                    defects.append(errors.InvalidBase64PaddingDefect())
+        else:
+            # This should never happen.
+            raise AssertionError("unexpected binascii.Error")
+
+def encode_b(bstring):
+    return base64.b64encode(bstring).decode('ascii')
+
+def len_b(bstring):
+    groups_of_3, leftover = divmod(len(bstring), 3)
+    # 4 bytes out for each 3 bytes (or nonzero fraction thereof) in.
+    return groups_of_3 * 4 + (4 if leftover else 0)
+
+
+_cte_decoders = {
+    'q': decode_q,
+    'b': decode_b,
+    }
+
+def decode(ew):
+    """Decode encoded word and return (string, charset, lang, defects) tuple.
+
+    An RFC 2047/2243 encoded word has the form:
+
+        =?charset*lang?cte?encoded_string?=
+
+    where '*lang' may be omitted but the other parts may not be.
+
+    This function expects exactly such a string (that is, it does not check the
+    syntax and may raise errors if the string is not well formed), and returns
+    the encoded_string decoded first from its Content Transfer Encoding and
+    then from the resulting bytes into unicode using the specified charset.  If
+    the cte-decoded string does not successfully decode using the specified
+    character set, a defect is added to the defects list and the unknown octets
+    are replaced by the unicode 'unknown' character \uFDFF.
+
+    The specified charset and language are returned.  The default for language,
+    which is rarely if ever encountered, is the empty string.
+
+    """
+    _, charset, cte, cte_string, _ = str(ew).split('?')
+    charset, _, lang = charset.partition('*')
+    cte = cte.lower()
+    # Recover the original bytes and do CTE decoding.
+    bstring = cte_string.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+    bstring, defects = _cte_decoders[cte](bstring)
+    # Turn the CTE decoded bytes into unicode.
+    try:
+        string = bstring.decode(charset)
+    except UnicodeError:
+        defects.append(errors.UndecodableBytesDefect("Encoded word "
+            "contains bytes not decodable using {} charset".format(charset)))
+        string = bstring.decode(charset, 'surrogateescape')
+    except LookupError:
+        string = bstring.decode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+        if charset.lower() != 'unknown-8bit':
+            defects.append(errors.CharsetError("Unknown charset {} "
+                "in encoded word; decoded as unknown bytes".format(charset)))
+    return string, charset, lang, defects
+
+
+_cte_encoders = {
+    'q': encode_q,
+    'b': encode_b,
+    }
+
+_cte_encode_length = {
+    'q': len_q,
+    'b': len_b,
+    }
+
+def encode(string, charset='utf-8', encoding=None, lang=''):
+    """Encode string using the CTE encoding that produces the shorter result.
+
+    Produces an RFC 2047/2243 encoded word of the form:
+
+        =?charset*lang?cte?encoded_string?=
+
+    where '*lang' is omitted unless the 'lang' parameter is given a value.
+    Optional argument charset (defaults to utf-8) specifies the charset to use
+    to encode the string to binary before CTE encoding it.  Optional argument
+    'encoding' is the cte specifier for the encoding that should be used ('q'
+    or 'b'); if it is None (the default) the encoding which produces the
+    shortest encoded sequence is used, except that 'q' is preferred if it is up
+    to five characters longer.  Optional argument 'lang' (default '') gives the
+    RFC 2243 language string to specify in the encoded word.
+
+    """
+    string = str(string)
+    if charset == 'unknown-8bit':
+        bstring = string.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+    else:
+        bstring = string.encode(charset)
+    if encoding is None:
+        qlen = _cte_encode_length['q'](bstring)
+        blen = _cte_encode_length['b'](bstring)
+        # Bias toward q.  5 is arbitrary.
+        encoding = 'q' if qlen - blen < 5 else 'b'
+    encoded = _cte_encoders[encoding](bstring)
+    if lang:
+        lang = '*' + lang
+    return "=?{0}{1}?{2}?{3}?=".format(charset, lang, encoding, encoded)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_header_value_parser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_header_value_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43957ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_header_value_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2965 @@
+"""Header value parser implementing various email-related RFC parsing rules.
+
+The parsing methods defined in this module implement various email related
+parsing rules.  Principal among them is RFC 5322, which is the followon
+to RFC 2822 and primarily a clarification of the former.  It also implements
+RFC 2047 encoded word decoding.
+
+RFC 5322 goes to considerable trouble to maintain backward compatibility with
+RFC 822 in the parse phase, while cleaning up the structure on the generation
+phase.  This parser supports correct RFC 5322 generation by tagging white space
+as folding white space only when folding is allowed in the non-obsolete rule
+sets.  Actually, the parser is even more generous when accepting input than RFC
+5322 mandates, following the spirit of Postel's Law, which RFC 5322 encourages.
+Where possible deviations from the standard are annotated on the 'defects'
+attribute of tokens that deviate.
+
+The general structure of the parser follows RFC 5322, and uses its terminology
+where there is a direct correspondence.  Where the implementation requires a
+somewhat different structure than that used by the formal grammar, new terms
+that mimic the closest existing terms are used.  Thus, it really helps to have
+a copy of RFC 5322 handy when studying this code.
+
+Input to the parser is a string that has already been unfolded according to
+RFC 5322 rules.  According to the RFC this unfolding is the very first step, and
+this parser leaves the unfolding step to a higher level message parser, which
+will have already detected the line breaks that need unfolding while
+determining the beginning and end of each header.
+
+The output of the parser is a TokenList object, which is a list subclass.  A
+TokenList is a recursive data structure.  The terminal nodes of the structure
+are Terminal objects, which are subclasses of str.  These do not correspond
+directly to terminal objects in the formal grammar, but are instead more
+practical higher level combinations of true terminals.
+
+All TokenList and Terminal objects have a 'value' attribute, which produces the
+semantically meaningful value of that part of the parse subtree.  The value of
+all whitespace tokens (no matter how many sub-tokens they may contain) is a
+single space, as per the RFC rules.  This includes 'CFWS', which is herein
+included in the general class of whitespace tokens.  There is one exception to
+the rule that whitespace tokens are collapsed into single spaces in values: in
+the value of a 'bare-quoted-string' (a quoted-string with no leading or
+trailing whitespace), any whitespace that appeared between the quotation marks
+is preserved in the returned value.  Note that in all Terminal strings quoted
+pairs are turned into their unquoted values.
+
+All TokenList and Terminal objects also have a string value, which attempts to
+be a "canonical" representation of the RFC-compliant form of the substring that
+produced the parsed subtree, including minimal use of quoted pair quoting.
+Whitespace runs are not collapsed.
+
+Comment tokens also have a 'content' attribute providing the string found
+between the parens (including any nested comments) with whitespace preserved.
+
+All TokenList and Terminal objects have a 'defects' attribute which is a
+possibly empty list all of the defects found while creating the token.  Defects
+may appear on any token in the tree, and a composite list of all defects in the
+subtree is available through the 'all_defects' attribute of any node.  (For
+Terminal notes x.defects == x.all_defects.)
+
+Each object in a parse tree is called a 'token', and each has a 'token_type'
+attribute that gives the name from the RFC 5322 grammar that it represents.
+Not all RFC 5322 nodes are produced, and there is one non-RFC 5322 node that
+may be produced: 'ptext'.  A 'ptext' is a string of printable ascii characters.
+It is returned in place of lists of (ctext/quoted-pair) and
+(qtext/quoted-pair).
+
+XXX: provide complete list of token types.
+"""
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import int, range, str, super, list
+
+import re
+from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
+
+from future.backports.urllib.parse import (unquote, unquote_to_bytes)
+from future.backports.email import _encoded_words as _ew
+from future.backports.email import errors
+from future.backports.email import utils
+
+#
+# Useful constants and functions
+#
+
+WSP = set(' \t')
+CFWS_LEADER = WSP | set('(')
+SPECIALS = set(r'()<>@,:;.\"[]')
+ATOM_ENDS = SPECIALS | WSP
+DOT_ATOM_ENDS = ATOM_ENDS - set('.')
+# '.', '"', and '(' do not end phrases in order to support obs-phrase
+PHRASE_ENDS = SPECIALS - set('."(')
+TSPECIALS = (SPECIALS | set('/?=')) - set('.')
+TOKEN_ENDS = TSPECIALS | WSP
+ASPECIALS = TSPECIALS | set("*'%")
+ATTRIBUTE_ENDS = ASPECIALS | WSP
+EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTE_ENDS = ATTRIBUTE_ENDS - set('%')
+
+def quote_string(value):
+    return '"'+str(value).replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', r'\"')+'"'
+
+#
+# Accumulator for header folding
+#
+
+class _Folded(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, maxlen, policy):
+        self.maxlen = maxlen
+        self.policy = policy
+        self.lastlen = 0
+        self.stickyspace = None
+        self.firstline = True
+        self.done = []
+        self.current = list()    # uses l.clear()
+
+    def newline(self):
+        self.done.extend(self.current)
+        self.done.append(self.policy.linesep)
+        self.current.clear()
+        self.lastlen = 0
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        if self.current:
+            self.newline()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ''.join(self.done)
+
+    def append(self, stoken):
+        self.current.append(stoken)
+
+    def append_if_fits(self, token, stoken=None):
+        if stoken is None:
+            stoken = str(token)
+        l = len(stoken)
+        if self.stickyspace is not None:
+            stickyspace_len = len(self.stickyspace)
+            if self.lastlen + stickyspace_len + l <= self.maxlen:
+                self.current.append(self.stickyspace)
+                self.lastlen += stickyspace_len
+                self.current.append(stoken)
+                self.lastlen += l
+                self.stickyspace = None
+                self.firstline = False
+                return True
+            if token.has_fws:
+                ws = token.pop_leading_fws()
+                if ws is not None:
+                    self.stickyspace += str(ws)
+                    stickyspace_len += len(ws)
+                token._fold(self)
+                return True
+            if stickyspace_len and l + 1 <= self.maxlen:
+                margin = self.maxlen - l
+                if 0 < margin < stickyspace_len:
+                    trim = stickyspace_len - margin
+                    self.current.append(self.stickyspace[:trim])
+                    self.stickyspace = self.stickyspace[trim:]
+                    stickyspace_len = trim
+                self.newline()
+                self.current.append(self.stickyspace)
+                self.current.append(stoken)
+                self.lastlen = l + stickyspace_len
+                self.stickyspace = None
+                self.firstline = False
+                return True
+            if not self.firstline:
+                self.newline()
+            self.current.append(self.stickyspace)
+            self.current.append(stoken)
+            self.stickyspace = None
+            self.firstline = False
+            return True
+        if self.lastlen + l <= self.maxlen:
+            self.current.append(stoken)
+            self.lastlen += l
+            return True
+        if l < self.maxlen:
+            self.newline()
+            self.current.append(stoken)
+            self.lastlen = l
+            return True
+        return False
+
+#
+# TokenList and its subclasses
+#
+
+class TokenList(list):
+
+    token_type = None
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        super(TokenList, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
+        self.defects = []
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ''.join(str(x) for x in self)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '{}({})'.format(self.__class__.__name__,
+                               super(TokenList, self).__repr__())
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return ''.join(x.value for x in self if x.value)
+
+    @property
+    def all_defects(self):
+        return sum((x.all_defects for x in self), self.defects)
+
+    #
+    # Folding API
+    #
+    # parts():
+    #
+    # return a list of objects that constitute the "higher level syntactic
+    # objects" specified by the RFC as the best places to fold a header line.
+    # The returned objects must include leading folding white space, even if
+    # this means mutating the underlying parse tree of the object.  Each object
+    # is only responsible for returning *its* parts, and should not drill down
+    # to any lower level except as required to meet the leading folding white
+    # space constraint.
+    #
+    # _fold(folded):
+    #
+    #   folded: the result accumulator.  This is an instance of _Folded.
+    #       (XXX: I haven't finished factoring this out yet, the folding code
+    #       pretty much uses this as a state object.) When the folded.current
+    #       contains as much text as will fit, the _fold method should call
+    #       folded.newline.
+    #  folded.lastlen: the current length of the test stored in folded.current.
+    #  folded.maxlen: The maximum number of characters that may appear on a
+    #       folded line.  Differs from the policy setting in that "no limit" is
+    #       represented by +inf, which means it can be used in the trivially
+    #       logical fashion in comparisons.
+    #
+    # Currently no subclasses implement parts, and I think this will remain
+    # true.  A subclass only needs to implement _fold when the generic version
+    # isn't sufficient.  _fold will need to be implemented primarily when it is
+    # possible for encoded words to appear in the specialized token-list, since
+    # there is no generic algorithm that can know where exactly the encoded
+    # words are allowed.  A _fold implementation is responsible for filling
+    # lines in the same general way that the top level _fold does. It may, and
+    # should, call the _fold method of sub-objects in a similar fashion to that
+    # of the top level _fold.
+    #
+    # XXX: I'm hoping it will be possible to factor the existing code further
+    # to reduce redundancy and make the logic clearer.
+
+    @property
+    def parts(self):
+        klass = self.__class__
+        this = list()
+        for token in self:
+            if token.startswith_fws():
+                if this:
+                    yield this[0] if len(this)==1 else klass(this)
+                    this.clear()
+            end_ws = token.pop_trailing_ws()
+            this.append(token)
+            if end_ws:
+                yield klass(this)
+                this = [end_ws]
+        if this:
+            yield this[0] if len(this)==1 else klass(this)
+
+    def startswith_fws(self):
+        return self[0].startswith_fws()
+
+    def pop_leading_fws(self):
+        if self[0].token_type == 'fws':
+            return self.pop(0)
+        return self[0].pop_leading_fws()
+
+    def pop_trailing_ws(self):
+        if self[-1].token_type == 'cfws':
+            return self.pop(-1)
+        return self[-1].pop_trailing_ws()
+
+    @property
+    def has_fws(self):
+        for part in self:
+            if part.has_fws:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def has_leading_comment(self):
+        return self[0].has_leading_comment()
+
+    @property
+    def comments(self):
+        comments = []
+        for token in self:
+            comments.extend(token.comments)
+        return comments
+
+    def fold(self, **_3to2kwargs):
+        # max_line_length 0/None means no limit, ie: infinitely long.
+        policy = _3to2kwargs['policy']; del _3to2kwargs['policy']
+        maxlen = policy.max_line_length or float("+inf")
+        folded = _Folded(maxlen, policy)
+        self._fold(folded)
+        folded.finalize()
+        return str(folded)
+
+    def as_encoded_word(self, charset):
+        # This works only for things returned by 'parts', which include
+        # the leading fws, if any, that should be used.
+        res = []
+        ws = self.pop_leading_fws()
+        if ws:
+            res.append(ws)
+        trailer = self.pop(-1) if self[-1].token_type=='fws' else ''
+        res.append(_ew.encode(str(self), charset))
+        res.append(trailer)
+        return ''.join(res)
+
+    def cte_encode(self, charset, policy):
+        res = []
+        for part in self:
+            res.append(part.cte_encode(charset, policy))
+        return ''.join(res)
+
+    def _fold(self, folded):
+        for part in self.parts:
+            tstr = str(part)
+            tlen = len(tstr)
+            try:
+                str(part).encode('us-ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                if any(isinstance(x, errors.UndecodableBytesDefect)
+                        for x in part.all_defects):
+                    charset = 'unknown-8bit'
+                else:
+                    # XXX: this should be a policy setting
+                    charset = 'utf-8'
+                tstr = part.cte_encode(charset, folded.policy)
+                tlen = len(tstr)
+            if folded.append_if_fits(part, tstr):
+                continue
+            # Peel off the leading whitespace if any and make it sticky, to
+            # avoid infinite recursion.
+            ws = part.pop_leading_fws()
+            if ws is not None:
+                # Peel off the leading whitespace and make it sticky, to
+                # avoid infinite recursion.
+                folded.stickyspace = str(part.pop(0))
+                if folded.append_if_fits(part):
+                    continue
+            if part.has_fws:
+                part._fold(folded)
+                continue
+            # There are no fold points in this one; it is too long for a single
+            # line and can't be split...we just have to put it on its own line.
+            folded.append(tstr)
+            folded.newline()
+
+    def pprint(self, indent=''):
+        print('\n'.join(self._pp(indent='')))
+
+    def ppstr(self, indent=''):
+        return '\n'.join(self._pp(indent=''))
+
+    def _pp(self, indent=''):
+        yield '{}{}/{}('.format(
+            indent,
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.token_type)
+        for token in self:
+            if not hasattr(token, '_pp'):
+                yield (indent + '    !! invalid element in token '
+                                        'list: {!r}'.format(token))
+            else:
+                for line in token._pp(indent+'    '):
+                    yield line
+        if self.defects:
+            extra = ' Defects: {}'.format(self.defects)
+        else:
+            extra = ''
+        yield '{}){}'.format(indent, extra)
+
+
+class WhiteSpaceTokenList(TokenList):
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return ' '
+
+    @property
+    def comments(self):
+        return [x.content for x in self if x.token_type=='comment']
+
+
+class UnstructuredTokenList(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'unstructured'
+
+    def _fold(self, folded):
+        if any(x.token_type=='encoded-word' for x in self):
+            return self._fold_encoded(folded)
+        # Here we can have either a pure ASCII string that may or may not
+        # have surrogateescape encoded bytes, or a unicode string.
+        last_ew = None
+        for part in self.parts:
+            tstr = str(part)
+            is_ew = False
+            try:
+                str(part).encode('us-ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                if any(isinstance(x, errors.UndecodableBytesDefect)
+                       for x in part.all_defects):
+                    charset = 'unknown-8bit'
+                else:
+                    charset = 'utf-8'
+                if last_ew is not None:
+                    # We've already done an EW, combine this one with it
+                    # if there's room.
+                    chunk = get_unstructured(
+                        ''.join(folded.current[last_ew:]+[tstr])).as_encoded_word(charset)
+                    oldlastlen = sum(len(x) for x in folded.current[:last_ew])
+                    schunk = str(chunk)
+                    lchunk = len(schunk)
+                    if oldlastlen + lchunk <= folded.maxlen:
+                        del folded.current[last_ew:]
+                        folded.append(schunk)
+                        folded.lastlen = oldlastlen + lchunk
+                        continue
+                tstr = part.as_encoded_word(charset)
+                is_ew = True
+            if folded.append_if_fits(part, tstr):
+                if is_ew:
+                    last_ew = len(folded.current) - 1
+                continue
+            if is_ew or last_ew:
+                # It's too big to fit on the line, but since we've
+                # got encoded words we can use encoded word folding.
+                part._fold_as_ew(folded)
+                continue
+            # Peel off the leading whitespace if any and make it sticky, to
+            # avoid infinite recursion.
+            ws = part.pop_leading_fws()
+            if ws is not None:
+                folded.stickyspace = str(ws)
+                if folded.append_if_fits(part):
+                    continue
+            if part.has_fws:
+                part.fold(folded)
+                continue
+            # It can't be split...we just have to put it on its own line.
+            folded.append(tstr)
+            folded.newline()
+            last_ew = None
+
+    def cte_encode(self, charset, policy):
+        res = []
+        last_ew = None
+        for part in self:
+            spart = str(part)
+            try:
+                spart.encode('us-ascii')
+                res.append(spart)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                if last_ew is None:
+                    res.append(part.cte_encode(charset, policy))
+                    last_ew = len(res)
+                else:
+                    tl = get_unstructured(''.join(res[last_ew:] + [spart]))
+                    res.append(tl.as_encoded_word())
+        return ''.join(res)
+
+
+class Phrase(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'phrase'
+
+    def _fold(self, folded):
+        # As with Unstructured, we can have pure ASCII with or without
+        # surrogateescape encoded bytes, or we could have unicode.  But this
+        # case is more complicated, since we have to deal with the various
+        # sub-token types and how they can be composed in the face of
+        # unicode-that-needs-CTE-encoding, and the fact that if a token a
+        # comment that becomes a barrier across which we can't compose encoded
+        # words.
+        last_ew = None
+        for part in self.parts:
+            tstr = str(part)
+            tlen = len(tstr)
+            has_ew = False
+            try:
+                str(part).encode('us-ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                if any(isinstance(x, errors.UndecodableBytesDefect)
+                        for x in part.all_defects):
+                    charset = 'unknown-8bit'
+                else:
+                    charset = 'utf-8'
+                if last_ew is not None and not part.has_leading_comment():
+                    # We've already done an EW, let's see if we can combine
+                    # this one with it.  The last_ew logic ensures that all we
+                    # have at this point is atoms, no comments or quoted
+                    # strings.  So we can treat the text between the last
+                    # encoded word and the content of this token as
+                    # unstructured text, and things will work correctly.  But
+                    # we have to strip off any trailing comment on this token
+                    # first, and if it is a quoted string we have to pull out
+                    # the content (we're encoding it, so it no longer needs to
+                    # be quoted).
+                    if part[-1].token_type == 'cfws' and part.comments:
+                        remainder = part.pop(-1)
+                    else:
+                        remainder = ''
+                    for i, token in enumerate(part):
+                        if token.token_type == 'bare-quoted-string':
+                            part[i] = UnstructuredTokenList(token[:])
+                    chunk = get_unstructured(
+                        ''.join(folded.current[last_ew:]+[tstr])).as_encoded_word(charset)
+                    schunk = str(chunk)
+                    lchunk = len(schunk)
+                    if last_ew + lchunk <= folded.maxlen:
+                        del folded.current[last_ew:]
+                        folded.append(schunk)
+                        folded.lastlen = sum(len(x) for x in folded.current)
+                        continue
+                tstr = part.as_encoded_word(charset)
+                tlen = len(tstr)
+                has_ew = True
+            if folded.append_if_fits(part, tstr):
+                if has_ew and not part.comments:
+                    last_ew = len(folded.current) - 1
+                elif part.comments or part.token_type == 'quoted-string':
+                    # If a comment is involved we can't combine EWs.  And if a
+                    # quoted string is involved, it's not worth the effort to
+                    # try to combine them.
+                    last_ew = None
+                continue
+            part._fold(folded)
+
+    def cte_encode(self, charset, policy):
+        res = []
+        last_ew = None
+        is_ew = False
+        for part in self:
+            spart = str(part)
+            try:
+                spart.encode('us-ascii')
+                res.append(spart)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                is_ew = True
+                if last_ew is None:
+                    if not part.comments:
+                        last_ew = len(res)
+                    res.append(part.cte_encode(charset, policy))
+                elif not part.has_leading_comment():
+                    if part[-1].token_type == 'cfws' and part.comments:
+                        remainder = part.pop(-1)
+                    else:
+                        remainder = ''
+                    for i, token in enumerate(part):
+                        if token.token_type == 'bare-quoted-string':
+                            part[i] = UnstructuredTokenList(token[:])
+                    tl = get_unstructured(''.join(res[last_ew:] + [spart]))
+                    res[last_ew:] = [tl.as_encoded_word(charset)]
+            if part.comments or (not is_ew and part.token_type == 'quoted-string'):
+                last_ew = None
+        return ''.join(res)
+
+class Word(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'word'
+
+
+class CFWSList(WhiteSpaceTokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'cfws'
+
+    def has_leading_comment(self):
+        return bool(self.comments)
+
+
+class Atom(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'atom'
+
+
+class Token(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'token'
+
+
+class EncodedWord(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'encoded-word'
+    cte = None
+    charset = None
+    lang = None
+
+    @property
+    def encoded(self):
+        if self.cte is not None:
+            return self.cte
+        _ew.encode(str(self), self.charset)
+
+
+
+class QuotedString(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'quoted-string'
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        for x in self:
+            if x.token_type == 'bare-quoted-string':
+                return x.value
+
+    @property
+    def quoted_value(self):
+        res = []
+        for x in self:
+            if x.token_type == 'bare-quoted-string':
+                res.append(str(x))
+            else:
+                res.append(x.value)
+        return ''.join(res)
+
+    @property
+    def stripped_value(self):
+        for token in self:
+            if token.token_type == 'bare-quoted-string':
+                return token.value
+
+
+class BareQuotedString(QuotedString):
+
+    token_type = 'bare-quoted-string'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return quote_string(''.join(str(x) for x in self))
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return ''.join(str(x) for x in self)
+
+
+class Comment(WhiteSpaceTokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'comment'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ''.join(sum([
+                            ["("],
+                            [self.quote(x) for x in self],
+                            [")"],
+                            ], []))
+
+    def quote(self, value):
+        if value.token_type == 'comment':
+            return str(value)
+        return str(value).replace('\\', '\\\\').replace(
+                                  '(', '\(').replace(
+                                  ')', '\)')
+
+    @property
+    def content(self):
+        return ''.join(str(x) for x in self)
+
+    @property
+    def comments(self):
+        return [self.content]
+
+class AddressList(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'address-list'
+
+    @property
+    def addresses(self):
+        return [x for x in self if x.token_type=='address']
+
+    @property
+    def mailboxes(self):
+        return sum((x.mailboxes
+                    for x in self if x.token_type=='address'), [])
+
+    @property
+    def all_mailboxes(self):
+        return sum((x.all_mailboxes
+                    for x in self if x.token_type=='address'), [])
+
+
+class Address(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'address'
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        if self[0].token_type == 'group':
+            return self[0].display_name
+
+    @property
+    def mailboxes(self):
+        if self[0].token_type == 'mailbox':
+            return [self[0]]
+        elif self[0].token_type == 'invalid-mailbox':
+            return []
+        return self[0].mailboxes
+
+    @property
+    def all_mailboxes(self):
+        if self[0].token_type == 'mailbox':
+            return [self[0]]
+        elif self[0].token_type == 'invalid-mailbox':
+            return [self[0]]
+        return self[0].all_mailboxes
+
+class MailboxList(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'mailbox-list'
+
+    @property
+    def mailboxes(self):
+        return [x for x in self if x.token_type=='mailbox']
+
+    @property
+    def all_mailboxes(self):
+        return [x for x in self
+            if x.token_type in ('mailbox', 'invalid-mailbox')]
+
+
+class GroupList(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'group-list'
+
+    @property
+    def mailboxes(self):
+        if not self or self[0].token_type != 'mailbox-list':
+            return []
+        return self[0].mailboxes
+
+    @property
+    def all_mailboxes(self):
+        if not self or self[0].token_type != 'mailbox-list':
+            return []
+        return self[0].all_mailboxes
+
+
+class Group(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = "group"
+
+    @property
+    def mailboxes(self):
+        if self[2].token_type != 'group-list':
+            return []
+        return self[2].mailboxes
+
+    @property
+    def all_mailboxes(self):
+        if self[2].token_type != 'group-list':
+            return []
+        return self[2].all_mailboxes
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        return self[0].display_name
+
+
+class NameAddr(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'name-addr'
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        if len(self) == 1:
+            return None
+        return self[0].display_name
+
+    @property
+    def local_part(self):
+        return self[-1].local_part
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self):
+        return self[-1].domain
+
+    @property
+    def route(self):
+        return self[-1].route
+
+    @property
+    def addr_spec(self):
+        return self[-1].addr_spec
+
+
+class AngleAddr(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'angle-addr'
+
+    @property
+    def local_part(self):
+        for x in self:
+            if x.token_type == 'addr-spec':
+                return x.local_part
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self):
+        for x in self:
+            if x.token_type == 'addr-spec':
+                return x.domain
+
+    @property
+    def route(self):
+        for x in self:
+            if x.token_type == 'obs-route':
+                return x.domains
+
+    @property
+    def addr_spec(self):
+        for x in self:
+            if x.token_type == 'addr-spec':
+                return x.addr_spec
+        else:
+            return '<>'
+
+
+class ObsRoute(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'obs-route'
+
+    @property
+    def domains(self):
+        return [x.domain for x in self if x.token_type == 'domain']
+
+
+class Mailbox(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'mailbox'
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        if self[0].token_type == 'name-addr':
+            return self[0].display_name
+
+    @property
+    def local_part(self):
+        return self[0].local_part
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self):
+        return self[0].domain
+
+    @property
+    def route(self):
+        if self[0].token_type == 'name-addr':
+            return self[0].route
+
+    @property
+    def addr_spec(self):
+        return self[0].addr_spec
+
+
+class InvalidMailbox(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'invalid-mailbox'
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        return None
+
+    local_part = domain = route = addr_spec = display_name
+
+
+class Domain(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'domain'
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self):
+        return ''.join(super(Domain, self).value.split())
+
+
+class DotAtom(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'dot-atom'
+
+
+class DotAtomText(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'dot-atom-text'
+
+
+class AddrSpec(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'addr-spec'
+
+    @property
+    def local_part(self):
+        return self[0].local_part
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self):
+        if len(self) < 3:
+            return None
+        return self[-1].domain
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        if len(self) < 3:
+            return self[0].value
+        return self[0].value.rstrip()+self[1].value+self[2].value.lstrip()
+
+    @property
+    def addr_spec(self):
+        nameset = set(self.local_part)
+        if len(nameset) > len(nameset-DOT_ATOM_ENDS):
+            lp = quote_string(self.local_part)
+        else:
+            lp = self.local_part
+        if self.domain is not None:
+            return lp + '@' + self.domain
+        return lp
+
+
+class ObsLocalPart(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'obs-local-part'
+
+
+class DisplayName(Phrase):
+
+    token_type = 'display-name'
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        res = TokenList(self)
+        if res[0].token_type == 'cfws':
+            res.pop(0)
+        else:
+            if res[0][0].token_type == 'cfws':
+                res[0] = TokenList(res[0][1:])
+        if res[-1].token_type == 'cfws':
+            res.pop()
+        else:
+            if res[-1][-1].token_type == 'cfws':
+                res[-1] = TokenList(res[-1][:-1])
+        return res.value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        quote = False
+        if self.defects:
+            quote = True
+        else:
+            for x in self:
+                if x.token_type == 'quoted-string':
+                    quote = True
+        if quote:
+            pre = post = ''
+            if self[0].token_type=='cfws' or self[0][0].token_type=='cfws':
+                pre = ' '
+            if self[-1].token_type=='cfws' or self[-1][-1].token_type=='cfws':
+                post = ' '
+            return pre+quote_string(self.display_name)+post
+        else:
+            return super(DisplayName, self).value
+
+
+class LocalPart(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'local-part'
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        if self[0].token_type == "quoted-string":
+            return self[0].quoted_value
+        else:
+            return self[0].value
+
+    @property
+    def local_part(self):
+        # Strip whitespace from front, back, and around dots.
+        res = [DOT]
+        last = DOT
+        last_is_tl = False
+        for tok in self[0] + [DOT]:
+            if tok.token_type == 'cfws':
+                continue
+            if (last_is_tl and tok.token_type == 'dot' and
+                    last[-1].token_type == 'cfws'):
+                res[-1] = TokenList(last[:-1])
+            is_tl = isinstance(tok, TokenList)
+            if (is_tl and last.token_type == 'dot' and
+                    tok[0].token_type == 'cfws'):
+                res.append(TokenList(tok[1:]))
+            else:
+                res.append(tok)
+            last = res[-1]
+            last_is_tl = is_tl
+        res = TokenList(res[1:-1])
+        return res.value
+
+
+class DomainLiteral(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'domain-literal'
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self):
+        return ''.join(super(DomainLiteral, self).value.split())
+
+    @property
+    def ip(self):
+        for x in self:
+            if x.token_type == 'ptext':
+                return x.value
+
+
+class MIMEVersion(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'mime-version'
+    major = None
+    minor = None
+
+
+class Parameter(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'parameter'
+    sectioned = False
+    extended = False
+    charset = 'us-ascii'
+
+    @property
+    def section_number(self):
+        # Because the first token, the attribute (name) eats CFWS, the second
+        # token is always the section if there is one.
+        return self[1].number if self.sectioned else 0
+
+    @property
+    def param_value(self):
+        # This is part of the "handle quoted extended parameters" hack.
+        for token in self:
+            if token.token_type == 'value':
+                return token.stripped_value
+            if token.token_type == 'quoted-string':
+                for token in token:
+                    if token.token_type == 'bare-quoted-string':
+                        for token in token:
+                            if token.token_type == 'value':
+                                return token.stripped_value
+        return ''
+
+
+class InvalidParameter(Parameter):
+
+    token_type = 'invalid-parameter'
+
+
+class Attribute(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'attribute'
+
+    @property
+    def stripped_value(self):
+        for token in self:
+            if token.token_type.endswith('attrtext'):
+                return token.value
+
+class Section(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'section'
+    number = None
+
+
+class Value(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'value'
+
+    @property
+    def stripped_value(self):
+        token = self[0]
+        if token.token_type == 'cfws':
+            token = self[1]
+        if token.token_type.endswith(
+                ('quoted-string', 'attribute', 'extended-attribute')):
+            return token.stripped_value
+        return self.value
+
+
+class MimeParameters(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'mime-parameters'
+
+    @property
+    def params(self):
+        # The RFC specifically states that the ordering of parameters is not
+        # guaranteed and may be reordered by the transport layer.  So we have
+        # to assume the RFC 2231 pieces can come in any order.  However, we
+        # output them in the order that we first see a given name, which gives
+        # us a stable __str__.
+        params = OrderedDict()
+        for token in self:
+            if not token.token_type.endswith('parameter'):
+                continue
+            if token[0].token_type != 'attribute':
+                continue
+            name = token[0].value.strip()
+            if name not in params:
+                params[name] = []
+            params[name].append((token.section_number, token))
+        for name, parts in params.items():
+            parts = sorted(parts)
+            # XXX: there might be more recovery we could do here if, for
+            # example, this is really a case of a duplicate attribute name.
+            value_parts = []
+            charset = parts[0][1].charset
+            for i, (section_number, param) in enumerate(parts):
+                if section_number != i:
+                    param.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                        "inconsistent multipart parameter numbering"))
+                value = param.param_value
+                if param.extended:
+                    try:
+                        value = unquote_to_bytes(value)
+                    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                        # source had surrogate escaped bytes.  What we do now
+                        # is a bit of an open question.  I'm not sure this is
+                        # the best choice, but it is what the old algorithm did
+                        value = unquote(value, encoding='latin-1')
+                    else:
+                        try:
+                            value = value.decode(charset, 'surrogateescape')
+                        except LookupError:
+                            # XXX: there should really be a custom defect for
+                            # unknown character set to make it easy to find,
+                            # because otherwise unknown charset is a silent
+                            # failure.
+                            value = value.decode('us-ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+                        if utils._has_surrogates(value):
+                            param.defects.append(errors.UndecodableBytesDefect())
+                value_parts.append(value)
+            value = ''.join(value_parts)
+            yield name, value
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        params = []
+        for name, value in self.params:
+            if value:
+                params.append('{}={}'.format(name, quote_string(value)))
+            else:
+                params.append(name)
+        params = '; '.join(params)
+        return ' ' + params if params else ''
+
+
+class ParameterizedHeaderValue(TokenList):
+
+    @property
+    def params(self):
+        for token in reversed(self):
+            if token.token_type == 'mime-parameters':
+                return token.params
+        return {}
+
+    @property
+    def parts(self):
+        if self and self[-1].token_type == 'mime-parameters':
+            # We don't want to start a new line if all of the params don't fit
+            # after the value, so unwrap the parameter list.
+            return TokenList(self[:-1] + self[-1])
+        return TokenList(self).parts
+
+
+class ContentType(ParameterizedHeaderValue):
+
+    token_type = 'content-type'
+    maintype = 'text'
+    subtype = 'plain'
+
+
+class ContentDisposition(ParameterizedHeaderValue):
+
+    token_type = 'content-disposition'
+    content_disposition = None
+
+
+class ContentTransferEncoding(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'content-transfer-encoding'
+    cte = '7bit'
+
+
+class HeaderLabel(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'header-label'
+
+
+class Header(TokenList):
+
+    token_type = 'header'
+
+    def _fold(self, folded):
+        folded.append(str(self.pop(0)))
+        folded.lastlen = len(folded.current[0])
+        # The first line of the header is different from all others: we don't
+        # want to start a new object on a new line if it has any fold points in
+        # it that would allow part of it to be on the first header line.
+        # Further, if the first fold point would fit on the new line, we want
+        # to do that, but if it doesn't we want to put it on the first line.
+        # Folded supports this via the stickyspace attribute.  If this
+        # attribute is not None, it does the special handling.
+        folded.stickyspace = str(self.pop(0)) if self[0].token_type == 'cfws' else ''
+        rest = self.pop(0)
+        if self:
+            raise ValueError("Malformed Header token list")
+        rest._fold(folded)
+
+
+#
+# Terminal classes and instances
+#
+
+class Terminal(str):
+
+    def __new__(cls, value, token_type):
+        self = super(Terminal, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+        self.token_type = token_type
+        self.defects = []
+        return self
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{}({})".format(self.__class__.__name__, super(Terminal, self).__repr__())
+
+    @property
+    def all_defects(self):
+        return list(self.defects)
+
+    def _pp(self, indent=''):
+        return ["{}{}/{}({}){}".format(
+            indent,
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.token_type,
+            super(Terminal, self).__repr__(),
+            '' if not self.defects else ' {}'.format(self.defects),
+            )]
+
+    def cte_encode(self, charset, policy):
+        value = str(self)
+        try:
+            value.encode('us-ascii')
+            return value
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            return _ew.encode(value, charset)
+
+    def pop_trailing_ws(self):
+        # This terminates the recursion.
+        return None
+
+    def pop_leading_fws(self):
+        # This terminates the recursion.
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def comments(self):
+        return []
+
+    def has_leading_comment(self):
+        return False
+
+    def __getnewargs__(self):
+        return(str(self), self.token_type)
+
+
+class WhiteSpaceTerminal(Terminal):
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return ' '
+
+    def startswith_fws(self):
+        return True
+
+    has_fws = True
+
+
+class ValueTerminal(Terminal):
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return self
+
+    def startswith_fws(self):
+        return False
+
+    has_fws = False
+
+    def as_encoded_word(self, charset):
+        return _ew.encode(str(self), charset)
+
+
+class EWWhiteSpaceTerminal(WhiteSpaceTerminal):
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return ''
+
+    @property
+    def encoded(self):
+        return self[:]
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ''
+
+    has_fws = True
+
+
+# XXX these need to become classes and used as instances so
+# that a program can't change them in a parse tree and screw
+# up other parse trees.  Maybe should have  tests for that, too.
+DOT = ValueTerminal('.', 'dot')
+ListSeparator = ValueTerminal(',', 'list-separator')
+RouteComponentMarker = ValueTerminal('@', 'route-component-marker')
+
+#
+# Parser
+#
+
+"""Parse strings according to RFC822/2047/2822/5322 rules.
+
+This is a stateless parser.  Each get_XXX function accepts a string and
+returns either a Terminal or a TokenList representing the RFC object named
+by the method and a string containing the remaining unparsed characters
+from the input.  Thus a parser method consumes the next syntactic construct
+of a given type and returns a token representing the construct plus the
+unparsed remainder of the input string.
+
+For example, if the first element of a structured header is a 'phrase',
+then:
+
+    phrase, value = get_phrase(value)
+
+returns the complete phrase from the start of the string value, plus any
+characters left in the string after the phrase is removed.
+
+"""
+
+_wsp_splitter = re.compile(r'([{}]+)'.format(''.join(WSP))).split
+_non_atom_end_matcher = re.compile(r"[^{}]+".format(
+    ''.join(ATOM_ENDS).replace('\\','\\\\').replace(']','\]'))).match
+_non_printable_finder = re.compile(r"[\x00-\x20\x7F]").findall
+_non_token_end_matcher = re.compile(r"[^{}]+".format(
+    ''.join(TOKEN_ENDS).replace('\\','\\\\').replace(']','\]'))).match
+_non_attribute_end_matcher = re.compile(r"[^{}]+".format(
+    ''.join(ATTRIBUTE_ENDS).replace('\\','\\\\').replace(']','\]'))).match
+_non_extended_attribute_end_matcher = re.compile(r"[^{}]+".format(
+    ''.join(EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTE_ENDS).replace(
+                                    '\\','\\\\').replace(']','\]'))).match
+
+def _validate_xtext(xtext):
+    """If input token contains ASCII non-printables, register a defect."""
+
+    non_printables = _non_printable_finder(xtext)
+    if non_printables:
+        xtext.defects.append(errors.NonPrintableDefect(non_printables))
+    if utils._has_surrogates(xtext):
+        xtext.defects.append(errors.UndecodableBytesDefect(
+            "Non-ASCII characters found in header token"))
+
+def _get_ptext_to_endchars(value, endchars):
+    """Scan printables/quoted-pairs until endchars and return unquoted ptext.
+
+    This function turns a run of qcontent, ccontent-without-comments, or
+    dtext-with-quoted-printables into a single string by unquoting any
+    quoted printables.  It returns the string, the remaining value, and
+    a flag that is True iff there were any quoted printables decoded.
+
+    """
+    _3to2list = list(_wsp_splitter(value, 1))
+    fragment, remainder, = _3to2list[:1] + [_3to2list[1:]]
+    vchars = []
+    escape = False
+    had_qp = False
+    for pos in range(len(fragment)):
+        if fragment[pos] == '\\':
+            if escape:
+                escape = False
+                had_qp = True
+            else:
+                escape = True
+                continue
+        if escape:
+            escape = False
+        elif fragment[pos] in endchars:
+            break
+        vchars.append(fragment[pos])
+    else:
+        pos = pos + 1
+    return ''.join(vchars), ''.join([fragment[pos:]] + remainder), had_qp
+
+def _decode_ew_run(value):
+    """ Decode a run of RFC2047 encoded words.
+
+        _decode_ew_run(value) -> (text, value, defects)
+
+    Scans the supplied value for a run of tokens that look like they are RFC
+    2047 encoded words, decodes those words into text according to RFC 2047
+    rules (whitespace between encoded words is discarded), and returns the text
+    and the remaining value (including any leading whitespace on the remaining
+    value), as well as a list of any defects encountered while decoding.  The
+    input value may not have any leading whitespace.
+
+    """
+    res = []
+    defects = []
+    last_ws = ''
+    while value:
+        try:
+            tok, ws, value = _wsp_splitter(value, 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            tok, ws, value = value, '', ''
+        if not (tok.startswith('=?') and tok.endswith('?=')):
+            return ''.join(res), last_ws + tok + ws + value, defects
+        text, charset, lang, new_defects = _ew.decode(tok)
+        res.append(text)
+        defects.extend(new_defects)
+        last_ws = ws
+    return ''.join(res), last_ws, defects
+
+def get_fws(value):
+    """FWS = 1*WSP
+
+    This isn't the RFC definition.  We're using fws to represent tokens where
+    folding can be done, but when we are parsing the *un*folding has already
+    been done so we don't need to watch out for CRLF.
+
+    """
+    newvalue = value.lstrip()
+    fws = WhiteSpaceTerminal(value[:len(value)-len(newvalue)], 'fws')
+    return fws, newvalue
+
+def get_encoded_word(value):
+    """ encoded-word = "=?" charset "?" encoding "?" encoded-text "?="
+
+    """
+    ew = EncodedWord()
+    if not value.startswith('=?'):
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected encoded word but found {}".format(value))
+    _3to2list1 = list(value[2:].split('?=', 1))
+    tok, remainder, = _3to2list1[:1] + [_3to2list1[1:]]
+    if tok == value[2:]:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected encoded word but found {}".format(value))
+    remstr = ''.join(remainder)
+    if remstr[:2].isdigit():
+        _3to2list3 = list(remstr.split('?=', 1))
+        rest, remainder, = _3to2list3[:1] + [_3to2list3[1:]]
+        tok = tok + '?=' + rest
+    if len(tok.split()) > 1:
+        ew.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "whitespace inside encoded word"))
+    ew.cte = value
+    value = ''.join(remainder)
+    try:
+        text, charset, lang, defects = _ew.decode('=?' + tok + '?=')
+    except ValueError:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "encoded word format invalid: '{}'".format(ew.cte))
+    ew.charset = charset
+    ew.lang = lang
+    ew.defects.extend(defects)
+    while text:
+        if text[0] in WSP:
+            token, text = get_fws(text)
+            ew.append(token)
+            continue
+        _3to2list5 = list(_wsp_splitter(text, 1))
+        chars, remainder, = _3to2list5[:1] + [_3to2list5[1:]]
+        vtext = ValueTerminal(chars, 'vtext')
+        _validate_xtext(vtext)
+        ew.append(vtext)
+        text = ''.join(remainder)
+    return ew, value
+
+def get_unstructured(value):
+    """unstructured = (*([FWS] vchar) *WSP) / obs-unstruct
+       obs-unstruct = *((*LF *CR *(obs-utext) *LF *CR)) / FWS)
+       obs-utext = %d0 / obs-NO-WS-CTL / LF / CR
+
+       obs-NO-WS-CTL is control characters except WSP/CR/LF.
+
+    So, basically, we have printable runs, plus control characters or nulls in
+    the obsolete syntax, separated by whitespace.  Since RFC 2047 uses the
+    obsolete syntax in its specification, but requires whitespace on either
+    side of the encoded words, I can see no reason to need to separate the
+    non-printable-non-whitespace from the printable runs if they occur, so we
+    parse this into xtext tokens separated by WSP tokens.
+
+    Because an 'unstructured' value must by definition constitute the entire
+    value, this 'get' routine does not return a remaining value, only the
+    parsed TokenList.
+
+    """
+    # XXX: but what about bare CR and LF?  They might signal the start or
+    # end of an encoded word.  YAGNI for now, since out current parsers
+    # will never send us strings with bard CR or LF.
+
+    unstructured = UnstructuredTokenList()
+    while value:
+        if value[0] in WSP:
+            token, value = get_fws(value)
+            unstructured.append(token)
+            continue
+        if value.startswith('=?'):
+            try:
+                token, value = get_encoded_word(value)
+            except errors.HeaderParseError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                have_ws = True
+                if len(unstructured) > 0:
+                    if unstructured[-1].token_type != 'fws':
+                        unstructured.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                            "missing whitespace before encoded word"))
+                        have_ws = False
+                if have_ws and len(unstructured) > 1:
+                    if unstructured[-2].token_type == 'encoded-word':
+                        unstructured[-1] = EWWhiteSpaceTerminal(
+                            unstructured[-1], 'fws')
+                unstructured.append(token)
+                continue
+        _3to2list7 = list(_wsp_splitter(value, 1))
+        tok, remainder, = _3to2list7[:1] + [_3to2list7[1:]]
+        vtext = ValueTerminal(tok, 'vtext')
+        _validate_xtext(vtext)
+        unstructured.append(vtext)
+        value = ''.join(remainder)
+    return unstructured
+
+def get_qp_ctext(value):
+    """ctext = <printable ascii except \ ( )>
+
+    This is not the RFC ctext, since we are handling nested comments in comment
+    and unquoting quoted-pairs here.  We allow anything except the '()'
+    characters, but if we find any ASCII other than the RFC defined printable
+    ASCII an NonPrintableDefect is added to the token's defects list.  Since
+    quoted pairs are converted to their unquoted values, what is returned is
+    a 'ptext' token.  In this case it is a WhiteSpaceTerminal, so it's value
+    is ' '.
+
+    """
+    ptext, value, _ = _get_ptext_to_endchars(value, '()')
+    ptext = WhiteSpaceTerminal(ptext, 'ptext')
+    _validate_xtext(ptext)
+    return ptext, value
+
+def get_qcontent(value):
+    """qcontent = qtext / quoted-pair
+
+    We allow anything except the DQUOTE character, but if we find any ASCII
+    other than the RFC defined printable ASCII an NonPrintableDefect is
+    added to the token's defects list.  Any quoted pairs are converted to their
+    unquoted values, so what is returned is a 'ptext' token.  In this case it
+    is a ValueTerminal.
+
+    """
+    ptext, value, _ = _get_ptext_to_endchars(value, '"')
+    ptext = ValueTerminal(ptext, 'ptext')
+    _validate_xtext(ptext)
+    return ptext, value
+
+def get_atext(value):
+    """atext = <matches _atext_matcher>
+
+    We allow any non-ATOM_ENDS in atext, but add an InvalidATextDefect to
+    the token's defects list if we find non-atext characters.
+    """
+    m = _non_atom_end_matcher(value)
+    if not m:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected atext but found '{}'".format(value))
+    atext = m.group()
+    value = value[len(atext):]
+    atext = ValueTerminal(atext, 'atext')
+    _validate_xtext(atext)
+    return atext, value
+
+def get_bare_quoted_string(value):
+    """bare-quoted-string = DQUOTE *([FWS] qcontent) [FWS] DQUOTE
+
+    A quoted-string without the leading or trailing white space.  Its
+    value is the text between the quote marks, with whitespace
+    preserved and quoted pairs decoded.
+    """
+    if value[0] != '"':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected '\"' but found '{}'".format(value))
+    bare_quoted_string = BareQuotedString()
+    value = value[1:]
+    while value and value[0] != '"':
+        if value[0] in WSP:
+            token, value = get_fws(value)
+        else:
+            token, value = get_qcontent(value)
+        bare_quoted_string.append(token)
+    if not value:
+        bare_quoted_string.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "end of header inside quoted string"))
+        return bare_quoted_string, value
+    return bare_quoted_string, value[1:]
+
+def get_comment(value):
+    """comment = "(" *([FWS] ccontent) [FWS] ")"
+       ccontent = ctext / quoted-pair / comment
+
+    We handle nested comments here, and quoted-pair in our qp-ctext routine.
+    """
+    if value and value[0] != '(':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected '(' but found '{}'".format(value))
+    comment = Comment()
+    value = value[1:]
+    while value and value[0] != ")":
+        if value[0] in WSP:
+            token, value = get_fws(value)
+        elif value[0] == '(':
+            token, value = get_comment(value)
+        else:
+            token, value = get_qp_ctext(value)
+        comment.append(token)
+    if not value:
+        comment.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "end of header inside comment"))
+        return comment, value
+    return comment, value[1:]
+
+def get_cfws(value):
+    """CFWS = (1*([FWS] comment) [FWS]) / FWS
+
+    """
+    cfws = CFWSList()
+    while value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        if value[0] in WSP:
+            token, value = get_fws(value)
+        else:
+            token, value = get_comment(value)
+        cfws.append(token)
+    return cfws, value
+
+def get_quoted_string(value):
+    """quoted-string = [CFWS] <bare-quoted-string> [CFWS]
+
+    'bare-quoted-string' is an intermediate class defined by this
+    parser and not by the RFC grammar.  It is the quoted string
+    without any attached CFWS.
+    """
+    quoted_string = QuotedString()
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        quoted_string.append(token)
+    token, value = get_bare_quoted_string(value)
+    quoted_string.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        quoted_string.append(token)
+    return quoted_string, value
+
+def get_atom(value):
+    """atom = [CFWS] 1*atext [CFWS]
+
+    """
+    atom = Atom()
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        atom.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in ATOM_ENDS:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected atom but found '{}'".format(value))
+    token, value = get_atext(value)
+    atom.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        atom.append(token)
+    return atom, value
+
+def get_dot_atom_text(value):
+    """ dot-text = 1*atext *("." 1*atext)
+
+    """
+    dot_atom_text = DotAtomText()
+    if not value or value[0] in ATOM_ENDS:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("expected atom at a start of "
+            "dot-atom-text but found '{}'".format(value))
+    while value and value[0] not in ATOM_ENDS:
+        token, value = get_atext(value)
+        dot_atom_text.append(token)
+        if value and value[0] == '.':
+            dot_atom_text.append(DOT)
+            value = value[1:]
+    if dot_atom_text[-1] is DOT:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("expected atom at end of dot-atom-text "
+            "but found '{}'".format('.'+value))
+    return dot_atom_text, value
+
+def get_dot_atom(value):
+    """ dot-atom = [CFWS] dot-atom-text [CFWS]
+
+    """
+    dot_atom = DotAtom()
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        dot_atom.append(token)
+    token, value = get_dot_atom_text(value)
+    dot_atom.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        dot_atom.append(token)
+    return dot_atom, value
+
+def get_word(value):
+    """word = atom / quoted-string
+
+    Either atom or quoted-string may start with CFWS.  We have to peel off this
+    CFWS first to determine which type of word to parse.  Afterward we splice
+    the leading CFWS, if any, into the parsed sub-token.
+
+    If neither an atom or a quoted-string is found before the next special, a
+    HeaderParseError is raised.
+
+    The token returned is either an Atom or a QuotedString, as appropriate.
+    This means the 'word' level of the formal grammar is not represented in the
+    parse tree; this is because having that extra layer when manipulating the
+    parse tree is more confusing than it is helpful.
+
+    """
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+    else:
+        leader = None
+    if value[0]=='"':
+        token, value = get_quoted_string(value)
+    elif value[0] in SPECIALS:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("Expected 'atom' or 'quoted-string' "
+                                      "but found '{}'".format(value))
+    else:
+        token, value = get_atom(value)
+    if leader is not None:
+        token[:0] = [leader]
+    return token, value
+
+def get_phrase(value):
+    """ phrase = 1*word / obs-phrase
+        obs-phrase = word *(word / "." / CFWS)
+
+    This means a phrase can be a sequence of words, periods, and CFWS in any
+    order as long as it starts with at least one word.  If anything other than
+    words is detected, an ObsoleteHeaderDefect is added to the token's defect
+    list.  We also accept a phrase that starts with CFWS followed by a dot;
+    this is registered as an InvalidHeaderDefect, since it is not supported by
+    even the obsolete grammar.
+
+    """
+    phrase = Phrase()
+    try:
+        token, value = get_word(value)
+        phrase.append(token)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        phrase.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "phrase does not start with word"))
+    while value and value[0] not in PHRASE_ENDS:
+        if value[0]=='.':
+            phrase.append(DOT)
+            phrase.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                "period in 'phrase'"))
+            value = value[1:]
+        else:
+            try:
+                token, value = get_word(value)
+            except errors.HeaderParseError:
+                if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+                    token, value = get_cfws(value)
+                    phrase.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                        "comment found without atom"))
+                else:
+                    raise
+            phrase.append(token)
+    return phrase, value
+
+def get_local_part(value):
+    """ local-part = dot-atom / quoted-string / obs-local-part
+
+    """
+    local_part = LocalPart()
+    leader = None
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+    if not value:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected local-part but found '{}'".format(value))
+    try:
+        token, value = get_dot_atom(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        try:
+            token, value = get_word(value)
+        except errors.HeaderParseError:
+            if value[0] != '\\' and value[0] in PHRASE_ENDS:
+                raise
+            token = TokenList()
+    if leader is not None:
+        token[:0] = [leader]
+    local_part.append(token)
+    if value and (value[0]=='\\' or value[0] not in PHRASE_ENDS):
+        obs_local_part, value = get_obs_local_part(str(local_part) + value)
+        if obs_local_part.token_type == 'invalid-obs-local-part':
+            local_part.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "local-part is not dot-atom, quoted-string, or obs-local-part"))
+        else:
+            local_part.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                "local-part is not a dot-atom (contains CFWS)"))
+        local_part[0] = obs_local_part
+    try:
+        local_part.value.encode('ascii')
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        local_part.defects.append(errors.NonASCIILocalPartDefect(
+                "local-part contains non-ASCII characters)"))
+    return local_part, value
+
+def get_obs_local_part(value):
+    """ obs-local-part = word *("." word)
+    """
+    obs_local_part = ObsLocalPart()
+    last_non_ws_was_dot = False
+    while value and (value[0]=='\\' or value[0] not in PHRASE_ENDS):
+        if value[0] == '.':
+            if last_non_ws_was_dot:
+                obs_local_part.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                    "invalid repeated '.'"))
+            obs_local_part.append(DOT)
+            last_non_ws_was_dot = True
+            value = value[1:]
+            continue
+        elif value[0]=='\\':
+            obs_local_part.append(ValueTerminal(value[0],
+                                                'misplaced-special'))
+            value = value[1:]
+            obs_local_part.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "'\\' character outside of quoted-string/ccontent"))
+            last_non_ws_was_dot = False
+            continue
+        if obs_local_part and obs_local_part[-1].token_type != 'dot':
+            obs_local_part.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "missing '.' between words"))
+        try:
+            token, value = get_word(value)
+            last_non_ws_was_dot = False
+        except errors.HeaderParseError:
+            if value[0] not in CFWS_LEADER:
+                raise
+            token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        obs_local_part.append(token)
+    if (obs_local_part[0].token_type == 'dot' or
+            obs_local_part[0].token_type=='cfws' and
+            obs_local_part[1].token_type=='dot'):
+        obs_local_part.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Invalid leading '.' in local part"))
+    if (obs_local_part[-1].token_type == 'dot' or
+            obs_local_part[-1].token_type=='cfws' and
+            obs_local_part[-2].token_type=='dot'):
+        obs_local_part.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Invalid trailing '.' in local part"))
+    if obs_local_part.defects:
+        obs_local_part.token_type = 'invalid-obs-local-part'
+    return obs_local_part, value
+
+def get_dtext(value):
+    """ dtext = <printable ascii except \ [ ]> / obs-dtext
+        obs-dtext = obs-NO-WS-CTL / quoted-pair
+
+    We allow anything except the excluded characters, but if we find any
+    ASCII other than the RFC defined printable ASCII an NonPrintableDefect is
+    added to the token's defects list.  Quoted pairs are converted to their
+    unquoted values, so what is returned is a ptext token, in this case a
+    ValueTerminal.  If there were quoted-printables, an ObsoleteHeaderDefect is
+    added to the returned token's defect list.
+
+    """
+    ptext, value, had_qp = _get_ptext_to_endchars(value, '[]')
+    ptext = ValueTerminal(ptext, 'ptext')
+    if had_qp:
+        ptext.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+            "quoted printable found in domain-literal"))
+    _validate_xtext(ptext)
+    return ptext, value
+
+def _check_for_early_dl_end(value, domain_literal):
+    if value:
+        return False
+    domain_literal.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+        "end of input inside domain-literal"))
+    domain_literal.append(ValueTerminal(']', 'domain-literal-end'))
+    return True
+
+def get_domain_literal(value):
+    """ domain-literal = [CFWS] "[" *([FWS] dtext) [FWS] "]" [CFWS]
+
+    """
+    domain_literal = DomainLiteral()
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        domain_literal.append(token)
+    if not value:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("expected domain-literal")
+    if value[0] != '[':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("expected '[' at start of domain-literal "
+                "but found '{}'".format(value))
+    value = value[1:]
+    if _check_for_early_dl_end(value, domain_literal):
+        return domain_literal, value
+    domain_literal.append(ValueTerminal('[', 'domain-literal-start'))
+    if value[0] in WSP:
+        token, value = get_fws(value)
+        domain_literal.append(token)
+    token, value = get_dtext(value)
+    domain_literal.append(token)
+    if _check_for_early_dl_end(value, domain_literal):
+        return domain_literal, value
+    if value[0] in WSP:
+        token, value = get_fws(value)
+        domain_literal.append(token)
+    if _check_for_early_dl_end(value, domain_literal):
+        return domain_literal, value
+    if value[0] != ']':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("expected ']' at end of domain-literal "
+                "but found '{}'".format(value))
+    domain_literal.append(ValueTerminal(']', 'domain-literal-end'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        domain_literal.append(token)
+    return domain_literal, value
+
+def get_domain(value):
+    """ domain = dot-atom / domain-literal / obs-domain
+        obs-domain = atom *("." atom))
+
+    """
+    domain = Domain()
+    leader = None
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+    if not value:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected domain but found '{}'".format(value))
+    if value[0] == '[':
+        token, value = get_domain_literal(value)
+        if leader is not None:
+            token[:0] = [leader]
+        domain.append(token)
+        return domain, value
+    try:
+        token, value = get_dot_atom(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        token, value = get_atom(value)
+    if leader is not None:
+        token[:0] = [leader]
+    domain.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] == '.':
+        domain.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+            "domain is not a dot-atom (contains CFWS)"))
+        if domain[0].token_type == 'dot-atom':
+            domain[:] = domain[0]
+        while value and value[0] == '.':
+            domain.append(DOT)
+            token, value = get_atom(value[1:])
+            domain.append(token)
+    return domain, value
+
+def get_addr_spec(value):
+    """ addr-spec = local-part "@" domain
+
+    """
+    addr_spec = AddrSpec()
+    token, value = get_local_part(value)
+    addr_spec.append(token)
+    if not value or value[0] != '@':
+        addr_spec.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "add-spec local part with no domain"))
+        return addr_spec, value
+    addr_spec.append(ValueTerminal('@', 'address-at-symbol'))
+    token, value = get_domain(value[1:])
+    addr_spec.append(token)
+    return addr_spec, value
+
+def get_obs_route(value):
+    """ obs-route = obs-domain-list ":"
+        obs-domain-list = *(CFWS / ",") "@" domain *("," [CFWS] ["@" domain])
+
+        Returns an obs-route token with the appropriate sub-tokens (that is,
+        there is no obs-domain-list in the parse tree).
+    """
+    obs_route = ObsRoute()
+    while value and (value[0]==',' or value[0] in CFWS_LEADER):
+        if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+            token, value = get_cfws(value)
+            obs_route.append(token)
+        elif value[0] == ',':
+            obs_route.append(ListSeparator)
+            value = value[1:]
+    if not value or value[0] != '@':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected obs-route domain but found '{}'".format(value))
+    obs_route.append(RouteComponentMarker)
+    token, value = get_domain(value[1:])
+    obs_route.append(token)
+    while value and value[0]==',':
+        obs_route.append(ListSeparator)
+        value = value[1:]
+        if not value:
+            break
+        if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+            token, value = get_cfws(value)
+            obs_route.append(token)
+        if value[0] == '@':
+            obs_route.append(RouteComponentMarker)
+            token, value = get_domain(value[1:])
+            obs_route.append(token)
+    if not value:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("end of header while parsing obs-route")
+    if value[0] != ':':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError( "expected ':' marking end of "
+            "obs-route but found '{}'".format(value))
+    obs_route.append(ValueTerminal(':', 'end-of-obs-route-marker'))
+    return obs_route, value[1:]
+
+def get_angle_addr(value):
+    """ angle-addr = [CFWS] "<" addr-spec ">" [CFWS] / obs-angle-addr
+        obs-angle-addr = [CFWS] "<" obs-route addr-spec ">" [CFWS]
+
+    """
+    angle_addr = AngleAddr()
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        angle_addr.append(token)
+    if not value or value[0] != '<':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected angle-addr but found '{}'".format(value))
+    angle_addr.append(ValueTerminal('<', 'angle-addr-start'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    # Although it is not legal per RFC5322, SMTP uses '<>' in certain
+    # circumstances.
+    if value[0] == '>':
+        angle_addr.append(ValueTerminal('>', 'angle-addr-end'))
+        angle_addr.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "null addr-spec in angle-addr"))
+        value = value[1:]
+        return angle_addr, value
+    try:
+        token, value = get_addr_spec(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        try:
+            token, value = get_obs_route(value)
+            angle_addr.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                "obsolete route specification in angle-addr"))
+        except errors.HeaderParseError:
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+                "expected addr-spec or obs-route but found '{}'".format(value))
+        angle_addr.append(token)
+        token, value = get_addr_spec(value)
+    angle_addr.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] == '>':
+        value = value[1:]
+    else:
+        angle_addr.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "missing trailing '>' on angle-addr"))
+    angle_addr.append(ValueTerminal('>', 'angle-addr-end'))
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        angle_addr.append(token)
+    return angle_addr, value
+
+def get_display_name(value):
+    """ display-name = phrase
+
+    Because this is simply a name-rule, we don't return a display-name
+    token containing a phrase, but rather a display-name token with
+    the content of the phrase.
+
+    """
+    display_name = DisplayName()
+    token, value = get_phrase(value)
+    display_name.extend(token[:])
+    display_name.defects = token.defects[:]
+    return display_name, value
+
+
+def get_name_addr(value):
+    """ name-addr = [display-name] angle-addr
+
+    """
+    name_addr = NameAddr()
+    # Both the optional display name and the angle-addr can start with cfws.
+    leader = None
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+        if not value:
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+                "expected name-addr but found '{}'".format(leader))
+    if value[0] != '<':
+        if value[0] in PHRASE_ENDS:
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+                "expected name-addr but found '{}'".format(value))
+        token, value = get_display_name(value)
+        if not value:
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+                "expected name-addr but found '{}'".format(token))
+        if leader is not None:
+            token[0][:0] = [leader]
+            leader = None
+        name_addr.append(token)
+    token, value = get_angle_addr(value)
+    if leader is not None:
+        token[:0] = [leader]
+    name_addr.append(token)
+    return name_addr, value
+
+def get_mailbox(value):
+    """ mailbox = name-addr / addr-spec
+
+    """
+    # The only way to figure out if we are dealing with a name-addr or an
+    # addr-spec is to try parsing each one.
+    mailbox = Mailbox()
+    try:
+        token, value = get_name_addr(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        try:
+            token, value = get_addr_spec(value)
+        except errors.HeaderParseError:
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+                "expected mailbox but found '{}'".format(value))
+    if any(isinstance(x, errors.InvalidHeaderDefect)
+                       for x in token.all_defects):
+        mailbox.token_type = 'invalid-mailbox'
+    mailbox.append(token)
+    return mailbox, value
+
+def get_invalid_mailbox(value, endchars):
+    """ Read everything up to one of the chars in endchars.
+
+    This is outside the formal grammar.  The InvalidMailbox TokenList that is
+    returned acts like a Mailbox, but the data attributes are None.
+
+    """
+    invalid_mailbox = InvalidMailbox()
+    while value and value[0] not in endchars:
+        if value[0] in PHRASE_ENDS:
+            invalid_mailbox.append(ValueTerminal(value[0],
+                                                 'misplaced-special'))
+            value = value[1:]
+        else:
+            token, value = get_phrase(value)
+            invalid_mailbox.append(token)
+    return invalid_mailbox, value
+
+def get_mailbox_list(value):
+    """ mailbox-list = (mailbox *("," mailbox)) / obs-mbox-list
+        obs-mbox-list = *([CFWS] ",") mailbox *("," [mailbox / CFWS])
+
+    For this routine we go outside the formal grammar in order to improve error
+    handling.  We recognize the end of the mailbox list only at the end of the
+    value or at a ';' (the group terminator).  This is so that we can turn
+    invalid mailboxes into InvalidMailbox tokens and continue parsing any
+    remaining valid mailboxes.  We also allow all mailbox entries to be null,
+    and this condition is handled appropriately at a higher level.
+
+    """
+    mailbox_list = MailboxList()
+    while value and value[0] != ';':
+        try:
+            token, value = get_mailbox(value)
+            mailbox_list.append(token)
+        except errors.HeaderParseError:
+            leader = None
+            if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+                leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+                if not value or value[0] in ',;':
+                    mailbox_list.append(leader)
+                    mailbox_list.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                        "empty element in mailbox-list"))
+                else:
+                    token, value = get_invalid_mailbox(value, ',;')
+                    if leader is not None:
+                        token[:0] = [leader]
+                    mailbox_list.append(token)
+                    mailbox_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                        "invalid mailbox in mailbox-list"))
+            elif value[0] == ',':
+                mailbox_list.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                    "empty element in mailbox-list"))
+            else:
+                token, value = get_invalid_mailbox(value, ',;')
+                if leader is not None:
+                    token[:0] = [leader]
+                mailbox_list.append(token)
+                mailbox_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                    "invalid mailbox in mailbox-list"))
+        if value and value[0] not in ',;':
+            # Crap after mailbox; treat it as an invalid mailbox.
+            # The mailbox info will still be available.
+            mailbox = mailbox_list[-1]
+            mailbox.token_type = 'invalid-mailbox'
+            token, value = get_invalid_mailbox(value, ',;')
+            mailbox.extend(token)
+            mailbox_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "invalid mailbox in mailbox-list"))
+        if value and value[0] == ',':
+            mailbox_list.append(ListSeparator)
+            value = value[1:]
+    return mailbox_list, value
+
+
+def get_group_list(value):
+    """ group-list = mailbox-list / CFWS / obs-group-list
+        obs-group-list = 1*([CFWS] ",") [CFWS]
+
+    """
+    group_list = GroupList()
+    if not value:
+        group_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "end of header before group-list"))
+        return group_list, value
+    leader = None
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+        if not value:
+            # This should never happen in email parsing, since CFWS-only is a
+            # legal alternative to group-list in a group, which is the only
+            # place group-list appears.
+            group_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "end of header in group-list"))
+            group_list.append(leader)
+            return group_list, value
+        if value[0] == ';':
+            group_list.append(leader)
+            return group_list, value
+    token, value = get_mailbox_list(value)
+    if len(token.all_mailboxes)==0:
+        if leader is not None:
+            group_list.append(leader)
+        group_list.extend(token)
+        group_list.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+            "group-list with empty entries"))
+        return group_list, value
+    if leader is not None:
+        token[:0] = [leader]
+    group_list.append(token)
+    return group_list, value
+
+def get_group(value):
+    """ group = display-name ":" [group-list] ";" [CFWS]
+
+    """
+    group = Group()
+    token, value = get_display_name(value)
+    if not value or value[0] != ':':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("expected ':' at end of group "
+            "display name but found '{}'".format(value))
+    group.append(token)
+    group.append(ValueTerminal(':', 'group-display-name-terminator'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    if value and value[0] == ';':
+        group.append(ValueTerminal(';', 'group-terminator'))
+        return group, value[1:]
+    token, value = get_group_list(value)
+    group.append(token)
+    if not value:
+        group.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "end of header in group"))
+    if value[0] != ';':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected ';' at end of group but found {}".format(value))
+    group.append(ValueTerminal(';', 'group-terminator'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        group.append(token)
+    return group, value
+
+def get_address(value):
+    """ address = mailbox / group
+
+    Note that counter-intuitively, an address can be either a single address or
+    a list of addresses (a group).  This is why the returned Address object has
+    a 'mailboxes' attribute which treats a single address as a list of length
+    one.  When you need to differentiate between to two cases, extract the single
+    element, which is either a mailbox or a group token.
+
+    """
+    # The formal grammar isn't very helpful when parsing an address.  mailbox
+    # and group, especially when allowing for obsolete forms, start off very
+    # similarly.  It is only when you reach one of @, <, or : that you know
+    # what you've got.  So, we try each one in turn, starting with the more
+    # likely of the two.  We could perhaps make this more efficient by looking
+    # for a phrase and then branching based on the next character, but that
+    # would be a premature optimization.
+    address = Address()
+    try:
+        token, value = get_group(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        try:
+            token, value = get_mailbox(value)
+        except errors.HeaderParseError:
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+                "expected address but found '{}'".format(value))
+    address.append(token)
+    return address, value
+
+def get_address_list(value):
+    """ address_list = (address *("," address)) / obs-addr-list
+        obs-addr-list = *([CFWS] ",") address *("," [address / CFWS])
+
+    We depart from the formal grammar here by continuing to parse until the end
+    of the input, assuming the input to be entirely composed of an
+    address-list.  This is always true in email parsing, and allows us
+    to skip invalid addresses to parse additional valid ones.
+
+    """
+    address_list = AddressList()
+    while value:
+        try:
+            token, value = get_address(value)
+            address_list.append(token)
+        except errors.HeaderParseError as err:
+            leader = None
+            if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+                leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+                if not value or value[0] == ',':
+                    address_list.append(leader)
+                    address_list.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                        "address-list entry with no content"))
+                else:
+                    token, value = get_invalid_mailbox(value, ',')
+                    if leader is not None:
+                        token[:0] = [leader]
+                    address_list.append(Address([token]))
+                    address_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                        "invalid address in address-list"))
+            elif value[0] == ',':
+                address_list.defects.append(errors.ObsoleteHeaderDefect(
+                    "empty element in address-list"))
+            else:
+                token, value = get_invalid_mailbox(value, ',')
+                if leader is not None:
+                    token[:0] = [leader]
+                address_list.append(Address([token]))
+                address_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                    "invalid address in address-list"))
+        if value and value[0] != ',':
+            # Crap after address; treat it as an invalid mailbox.
+            # The mailbox info will still be available.
+            mailbox = address_list[-1][0]
+            mailbox.token_type = 'invalid-mailbox'
+            token, value = get_invalid_mailbox(value, ',')
+            mailbox.extend(token)
+            address_list.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "invalid address in address-list"))
+        if value:  # Must be a , at this point.
+            address_list.append(ValueTerminal(',', 'list-separator'))
+            value = value[1:]
+    return address_list, value
+
+#
+# XXX: As I begin to add additional header parsers, I'm realizing we probably
+# have two level of parser routines: the get_XXX methods that get a token in
+# the grammar, and parse_XXX methods that parse an entire field value.  So
+# get_address_list above should really be a parse_ method, as probably should
+# be get_unstructured.
+#
+
+def parse_mime_version(value):
+    """ mime-version = [CFWS] 1*digit [CFWS] "." [CFWS] 1*digit [CFWS]
+
+    """
+    # The [CFWS] is implicit in the RFC 2045 BNF.
+    # XXX: This routine is a bit verbose, should factor out a get_int method.
+    mime_version = MIMEVersion()
+    if not value:
+        mime_version.defects.append(errors.HeaderMissingRequiredValue(
+            "Missing MIME version number (eg: 1.0)"))
+        return mime_version
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        mime_version.append(token)
+        if not value:
+            mime_version.defects.append(errors.HeaderMissingRequiredValue(
+                "Expected MIME version number but found only CFWS"))
+    digits = ''
+    while value and value[0] != '.' and value[0] not in CFWS_LEADER:
+        digits += value[0]
+        value = value[1:]
+    if not digits.isdigit():
+        mime_version.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Expected MIME major version number but found {!r}".format(digits)))
+        mime_version.append(ValueTerminal(digits, 'xtext'))
+    else:
+        mime_version.major = int(digits)
+        mime_version.append(ValueTerminal(digits, 'digits'))
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        mime_version.append(token)
+    if not value or value[0] != '.':
+        if mime_version.major is not None:
+            mime_version.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "Incomplete MIME version; found only major number"))
+        if value:
+            mime_version.append(ValueTerminal(value, 'xtext'))
+        return mime_version
+    mime_version.append(ValueTerminal('.', 'version-separator'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        mime_version.append(token)
+    if not value:
+        if mime_version.major is not None:
+            mime_version.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "Incomplete MIME version; found only major number"))
+        return mime_version
+    digits = ''
+    while value and value[0] not in CFWS_LEADER:
+        digits += value[0]
+        value = value[1:]
+    if not digits.isdigit():
+        mime_version.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Expected MIME minor version number but found {!r}".format(digits)))
+        mime_version.append(ValueTerminal(digits, 'xtext'))
+    else:
+        mime_version.minor = int(digits)
+        mime_version.append(ValueTerminal(digits, 'digits'))
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        mime_version.append(token)
+    if value:
+        mime_version.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Excess non-CFWS text after MIME version"))
+        mime_version.append(ValueTerminal(value, 'xtext'))
+    return mime_version
+
+def get_invalid_parameter(value):
+    """ Read everything up to the next ';'.
+
+    This is outside the formal grammar.  The InvalidParameter TokenList that is
+    returned acts like a Parameter, but the data attributes are None.
+
+    """
+    invalid_parameter = InvalidParameter()
+    while value and value[0] != ';':
+        if value[0] in PHRASE_ENDS:
+            invalid_parameter.append(ValueTerminal(value[0],
+                                                   'misplaced-special'))
+            value = value[1:]
+        else:
+            token, value = get_phrase(value)
+            invalid_parameter.append(token)
+    return invalid_parameter, value
+
+def get_ttext(value):
+    """ttext = <matches _ttext_matcher>
+
+    We allow any non-TOKEN_ENDS in ttext, but add defects to the token's
+    defects list if we find non-ttext characters.  We also register defects for
+    *any* non-printables even though the RFC doesn't exclude all of them,
+    because we follow the spirit of RFC 5322.
+
+    """
+    m = _non_token_end_matcher(value)
+    if not m:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected ttext but found '{}'".format(value))
+    ttext = m.group()
+    value = value[len(ttext):]
+    ttext = ValueTerminal(ttext, 'ttext')
+    _validate_xtext(ttext)
+    return ttext, value
+
+def get_token(value):
+    """token = [CFWS] 1*ttext [CFWS]
+
+    The RFC equivalent of ttext is any US-ASCII chars except space, ctls, or
+    tspecials.  We also exclude tabs even though the RFC doesn't.
+
+    The RFC implies the CFWS but is not explicit about it in the BNF.
+
+    """
+    mtoken = Token()
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        mtoken.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in TOKEN_ENDS:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected token but found '{}'".format(value))
+    token, value = get_ttext(value)
+    mtoken.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        mtoken.append(token)
+    return mtoken, value
+
+def get_attrtext(value):
+    """attrtext = 1*(any non-ATTRIBUTE_ENDS character)
+
+    We allow any non-ATTRIBUTE_ENDS in attrtext, but add defects to the
+    token's defects list if we find non-attrtext characters.  We also register
+    defects for *any* non-printables even though the RFC doesn't exclude all of
+    them, because we follow the spirit of RFC 5322.
+
+    """
+    m = _non_attribute_end_matcher(value)
+    if not m:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected attrtext but found {!r}".format(value))
+    attrtext = m.group()
+    value = value[len(attrtext):]
+    attrtext = ValueTerminal(attrtext, 'attrtext')
+    _validate_xtext(attrtext)
+    return attrtext, value
+
+def get_attribute(value):
+    """ [CFWS] 1*attrtext [CFWS]
+
+    This version of the BNF makes the CFWS explicit, and as usual we use a
+    value terminal for the actual run of characters.  The RFC equivalent of
+    attrtext is the token characters, with the subtraction of '*', "'", and '%'.
+    We include tab in the excluded set just as we do for token.
+
+    """
+    attribute = Attribute()
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        attribute.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in ATTRIBUTE_ENDS:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected token but found '{}'".format(value))
+    token, value = get_attrtext(value)
+    attribute.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        attribute.append(token)
+    return attribute, value
+
+def get_extended_attrtext(value):
+    """attrtext = 1*(any non-ATTRIBUTE_ENDS character plus '%')
+
+    This is a special parsing routine so that we get a value that
+    includes % escapes as a single string (which we decode as a single
+    string later).
+
+    """
+    m = _non_extended_attribute_end_matcher(value)
+    if not m:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected extended attrtext but found {!r}".format(value))
+    attrtext = m.group()
+    value = value[len(attrtext):]
+    attrtext = ValueTerminal(attrtext, 'extended-attrtext')
+    _validate_xtext(attrtext)
+    return attrtext, value
+
+def get_extended_attribute(value):
+    """ [CFWS] 1*extended_attrtext [CFWS]
+
+    This is like the non-extended version except we allow % characters, so that
+    we can pick up an encoded value as a single string.
+
+    """
+    # XXX: should we have an ExtendedAttribute TokenList?
+    attribute = Attribute()
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        attribute.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTE_ENDS:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError(
+            "expected token but found '{}'".format(value))
+    token, value = get_extended_attrtext(value)
+    attribute.append(token)
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        attribute.append(token)
+    return attribute, value
+
+def get_section(value):
+    """ '*' digits
+
+    The formal BNF is more complicated because leading 0s are not allowed.  We
+    check for that and add a defect.  We also assume no CFWS is allowed between
+    the '*' and the digits, though the RFC is not crystal clear on that.
+    The caller should already have dealt with leading CFWS.
+
+    """
+    section = Section()
+    if not value or value[0] != '*':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("Expected section but found {}".format(
+                                        value))
+    section.append(ValueTerminal('*', 'section-marker'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    if not value or not value[0].isdigit():
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("Expected section number but "
+                                      "found {}".format(value))
+    digits = ''
+    while value and value[0].isdigit():
+        digits += value[0]
+        value = value[1:]
+    if digits[0] == '0' and digits != '0':
+        section.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderError("section number"
+            "has an invalid leading 0"))
+    section.number = int(digits)
+    section.append(ValueTerminal(digits, 'digits'))
+    return section, value
+
+
+def get_value(value):
+    """ quoted-string / attribute
+
+    """
+    v = Value()
+    if not value:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("Expected value but found end of string")
+    leader = None
+    if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+    if not value:
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("Expected value but found "
+                                      "only {}".format(leader))
+    if value[0] == '"':
+        token, value = get_quoted_string(value)
+    else:
+        token, value = get_extended_attribute(value)
+    if leader is not None:
+        token[:0] = [leader]
+    v.append(token)
+    return v, value
+
+def get_parameter(value):
+    """ attribute [section] ["*"] [CFWS] "=" value
+
+    The CFWS is implied by the RFC but not made explicit in the BNF.  This
+    simplified form of the BNF from the RFC is made to conform with the RFC BNF
+    through some extra checks.  We do it this way because it makes both error
+    recovery and working with the resulting parse tree easier.
+    """
+    # It is possible CFWS would also be implicitly allowed between the section
+    # and the 'extended-attribute' marker (the '*') , but we've never seen that
+    # in the wild and we will therefore ignore the possibility.
+    param = Parameter()
+    token, value = get_attribute(value)
+    param.append(token)
+    if not value or value[0] == ';':
+        param.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect("Parameter contains "
+            "name ({}) but no value".format(token)))
+        return param, value
+    if value[0] == '*':
+        try:
+            token, value = get_section(value)
+            param.sectioned = True
+            param.append(token)
+        except errors.HeaderParseError:
+            pass
+        if not value:
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError("Incomplete parameter")
+        if value[0] == '*':
+            param.append(ValueTerminal('*', 'extended-parameter-marker'))
+            value = value[1:]
+            param.extended = True
+    if value[0] != '=':
+        raise errors.HeaderParseError("Parameter not followed by '='")
+    param.append(ValueTerminal('=', 'parameter-separator'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    leader = None
+    if value and value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+        token, value = get_cfws(value)
+        param.append(token)
+    remainder = None
+    appendto = param
+    if param.extended and value and value[0] == '"':
+        # Now for some serious hackery to handle the common invalid case of
+        # double quotes around an extended value.  We also accept (with defect)
+        # a value marked as encoded that isn't really.
+        qstring, remainder = get_quoted_string(value)
+        inner_value = qstring.stripped_value
+        semi_valid = False
+        if param.section_number == 0:
+            if inner_value and inner_value[0] == "'":
+                semi_valid = True
+            else:
+                token, rest = get_attrtext(inner_value)
+                if rest and rest[0] == "'":
+                    semi_valid = True
+        else:
+            try:
+                token, rest = get_extended_attrtext(inner_value)
+            except:
+                pass
+            else:
+                if not rest:
+                    semi_valid = True
+        if semi_valid:
+            param.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "Quoted string value for extended parameter is invalid"))
+            param.append(qstring)
+            for t in qstring:
+                if t.token_type == 'bare-quoted-string':
+                    t[:] = []
+                    appendto = t
+                    break
+            value = inner_value
+        else:
+            remainder = None
+            param.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "Parameter marked as extended but appears to have a "
+                "quoted string value that is non-encoded"))
+    if value and value[0] == "'":
+        token = None
+    else:
+        token, value = get_value(value)
+    if not param.extended or param.section_number > 0:
+        if not value or value[0] != "'":
+            appendto.append(token)
+            if remainder is not None:
+                assert not value, value
+                value = remainder
+            return param, value
+        param.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Apparent initial-extended-value but attribute "
+            "was not marked as extended or was not initial section"))
+    if not value:
+        # Assume the charset/lang is missing and the token is the value.
+        param.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Missing required charset/lang delimiters"))
+        appendto.append(token)
+        if remainder is None:
+            return param, value
+    else:
+        if token is not None:
+            for t in token:
+                if t.token_type == 'extended-attrtext':
+                    break
+            t.token_type == 'attrtext'
+            appendto.append(t)
+            param.charset = t.value
+        if value[0] != "'":
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError("Expected RFC2231 char/lang encoding "
+                                          "delimiter, but found {!r}".format(value))
+        appendto.append(ValueTerminal("'", 'RFC2231 delimiter'))
+        value = value[1:]
+        if value and value[0] != "'":
+            token, value = get_attrtext(value)
+            appendto.append(token)
+            param.lang = token.value
+            if not value or value[0] != "'":
+                raise errors.HeaderParseError("Expected RFC2231 char/lang encoding "
+                                  "delimiter, but found {}".format(value))
+        appendto.append(ValueTerminal("'", 'RFC2231 delimiter'))
+        value = value[1:]
+    if remainder is not None:
+        # Treat the rest of value as bare quoted string content.
+        v = Value()
+        while value:
+            if value[0] in WSP:
+                token, value = get_fws(value)
+            else:
+                token, value = get_qcontent(value)
+            v.append(token)
+        token = v
+    else:
+        token, value = get_value(value)
+    appendto.append(token)
+    if remainder is not None:
+        assert not value, value
+        value = remainder
+    return param, value
+
+def parse_mime_parameters(value):
+    """ parameter *( ";" parameter )
+
+    That BNF is meant to indicate this routine should only be called after
+    finding and handling the leading ';'.  There is no corresponding rule in
+    the formal RFC grammar, but it is more convenient for us for the set of
+    parameters to be treated as its own TokenList.
+
+    This is 'parse' routine because it consumes the reminaing value, but it
+    would never be called to parse a full header.  Instead it is called to
+    parse everything after the non-parameter value of a specific MIME header.
+
+    """
+    mime_parameters = MimeParameters()
+    while value:
+        try:
+            token, value = get_parameter(value)
+            mime_parameters.append(token)
+        except errors.HeaderParseError as err:
+            leader = None
+            if value[0] in CFWS_LEADER:
+                leader, value = get_cfws(value)
+            if not value:
+                mime_parameters.append(leader)
+                return mime_parameters
+            if value[0] == ';':
+                if leader is not None:
+                    mime_parameters.append(leader)
+                mime_parameters.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                    "parameter entry with no content"))
+            else:
+                token, value = get_invalid_parameter(value)
+                if leader:
+                    token[:0] = [leader]
+                mime_parameters.append(token)
+                mime_parameters.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                    "invalid parameter {!r}".format(token)))
+        if value and value[0] != ';':
+            # Junk after the otherwise valid parameter.  Mark it as
+            # invalid, but it will have a value.
+            param = mime_parameters[-1]
+            param.token_type = 'invalid-parameter'
+            token, value = get_invalid_parameter(value)
+            param.extend(token)
+            mime_parameters.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+                "parameter with invalid trailing text {!r}".format(token)))
+        if value:
+            # Must be a ';' at this point.
+            mime_parameters.append(ValueTerminal(';', 'parameter-separator'))
+            value = value[1:]
+    return mime_parameters
+
+def _find_mime_parameters(tokenlist, value):
+    """Do our best to find the parameters in an invalid MIME header
+
+    """
+    while value and value[0] != ';':
+        if value[0] in PHRASE_ENDS:
+            tokenlist.append(ValueTerminal(value[0], 'misplaced-special'))
+            value = value[1:]
+        else:
+            token, value = get_phrase(value)
+            tokenlist.append(token)
+    if not value:
+        return
+    tokenlist.append(ValueTerminal(';', 'parameter-separator'))
+    tokenlist.append(parse_mime_parameters(value[1:]))
+
+def parse_content_type_header(value):
+    """ maintype "/" subtype *( ";" parameter )
+
+    The maintype and substype are tokens.  Theoretically they could
+    be checked against the official IANA list + x-token, but we
+    don't do that.
+    """
+    ctype = ContentType()
+    recover = False
+    if not value:
+        ctype.defects.append(errors.HeaderMissingRequiredValue(
+            "Missing content type specification"))
+        return ctype
+    try:
+        token, value = get_token(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        ctype.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Expected content maintype but found {!r}".format(value)))
+        _find_mime_parameters(ctype, value)
+        return ctype
+    ctype.append(token)
+    # XXX: If we really want to follow the formal grammer we should make
+    # mantype and subtype specialized TokenLists here.  Probably not worth it.
+    if not value or value[0] != '/':
+        ctype.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Invalid content type"))
+        if value:
+            _find_mime_parameters(ctype, value)
+        return ctype
+    ctype.maintype = token.value.strip().lower()
+    ctype.append(ValueTerminal('/', 'content-type-separator'))
+    value = value[1:]
+    try:
+        token, value = get_token(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        ctype.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Expected content subtype but found {!r}".format(value)))
+        _find_mime_parameters(ctype, value)
+        return ctype
+    ctype.append(token)
+    ctype.subtype = token.value.strip().lower()
+    if not value:
+        return ctype
+    if value[0] != ';':
+        ctype.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Only parameters are valid after content type, but "
+            "found {!r}".format(value)))
+        # The RFC requires that a syntactically invalid content-type be treated
+        # as text/plain.  Perhaps we should postel this, but we should probably
+        # only do that if we were checking the subtype value against IANA.
+        del ctype.maintype, ctype.subtype
+        _find_mime_parameters(ctype, value)
+        return ctype
+    ctype.append(ValueTerminal(';', 'parameter-separator'))
+    ctype.append(parse_mime_parameters(value[1:]))
+    return ctype
+
+def parse_content_disposition_header(value):
+    """ disposition-type *( ";" parameter )
+
+    """
+    disp_header = ContentDisposition()
+    if not value:
+        disp_header.defects.append(errors.HeaderMissingRequiredValue(
+            "Missing content disposition"))
+        return disp_header
+    try:
+        token, value = get_token(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        ctype.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Expected content disposition but found {!r}".format(value)))
+        _find_mime_parameters(disp_header, value)
+        return disp_header
+    disp_header.append(token)
+    disp_header.content_disposition = token.value.strip().lower()
+    if not value:
+        return disp_header
+    if value[0] != ';':
+        disp_header.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Only parameters are valid after content disposition, but "
+            "found {!r}".format(value)))
+        _find_mime_parameters(disp_header, value)
+        return disp_header
+    disp_header.append(ValueTerminal(';', 'parameter-separator'))
+    disp_header.append(parse_mime_parameters(value[1:]))
+    return disp_header
+
+def parse_content_transfer_encoding_header(value):
+    """ mechanism
+
+    """
+    # We should probably validate the values, since the list is fixed.
+    cte_header = ContentTransferEncoding()
+    if not value:
+        cte_header.defects.append(errors.HeaderMissingRequiredValue(
+            "Missing content transfer encoding"))
+        return cte_header
+    try:
+        token, value = get_token(value)
+    except errors.HeaderParseError:
+        ctype.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Expected content trnasfer encoding but found {!r}".format(value)))
+    else:
+        cte_header.append(token)
+        cte_header.cte = token.value.strip().lower()
+    if not value:
+        return cte_header
+    while value:
+        cte_header.defects.append(errors.InvalidHeaderDefect(
+            "Extra text after content transfer encoding"))
+        if value[0] in PHRASE_ENDS:
+            cte_header.append(ValueTerminal(value[0], 'misplaced-special'))
+            value = value[1:]
+        else:
+            token, value = get_phrase(value)
+            cte_header.append(token)
+    return cte_header
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_parseaddr.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_parseaddr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b50cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_parseaddr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Email address parsing code.
+
+Lifted directly from rfc822.py.  This should eventually be rewritten.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import int
+
+__all__ = [
+    'mktime_tz',
+    'parsedate',
+    'parsedate_tz',
+    'quote',
+    ]
+
+import time, calendar
+
+SPACE = ' '
+EMPTYSTRING = ''
+COMMASPACE = ', '
+
+# Parse a date field
+_monthnames = ['jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul',
+               'aug', 'sep', 'oct', 'nov', 'dec',
+               'january', 'february', 'march', 'april', 'may', 'june', 'july',
+               'august', 'september', 'october', 'november', 'december']
+
+_daynames = ['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun']
+
+# The timezone table does not include the military time zones defined
+# in RFC822, other than Z.  According to RFC1123, the description in
+# RFC822 gets the signs wrong, so we can't rely on any such time
+# zones.  RFC1123 recommends that numeric timezone indicators be used
+# instead of timezone names.
+
+_timezones = {'UT':0, 'UTC':0, 'GMT':0, 'Z':0,
+              'AST': -400, 'ADT': -300,  # Atlantic (used in Canada)
+              'EST': -500, 'EDT': -400,  # Eastern
+              'CST': -600, 'CDT': -500,  # Central
+              'MST': -700, 'MDT': -600,  # Mountain
+              'PST': -800, 'PDT': -700   # Pacific
+              }
+
+
+def parsedate_tz(data):
+    """Convert a date string to a time tuple.
+
+    Accounts for military timezones.
+    """
+    res = _parsedate_tz(data)
+    if not res:
+        return
+    if res[9] is None:
+        res[9] = 0
+    return tuple(res)
+
+def _parsedate_tz(data):
+    """Convert date to extended time tuple.
+
+    The last (additional) element is the time zone offset in seconds, except if
+    the timezone was specified as -0000.  In that case the last element is
+    None.  This indicates a UTC timestamp that explicitly declaims knowledge of
+    the source timezone, as opposed to a +0000 timestamp that indicates the
+    source timezone really was UTC.
+
+    """
+    if not data:
+        return
+    data = data.split()
+    # The FWS after the comma after the day-of-week is optional, so search and
+    # adjust for this.
+    if data[0].endswith(',') or data[0].lower() in _daynames:
+        # There's a dayname here. Skip it
+        del data[0]
+    else:
+        i = data[0].rfind(',')
+        if i >= 0:
+            data[0] = data[0][i+1:]
+    if len(data) == 3: # RFC 850 date, deprecated
+        stuff = data[0].split('-')
+        if len(stuff) == 3:
+            data = stuff + data[1:]
+    if len(data) == 4:
+        s = data[3]
+        i = s.find('+')
+        if i == -1:
+            i = s.find('-')
+        if i > 0:
+            data[3:] = [s[:i], s[i:]]
+        else:
+            data.append('') # Dummy tz
+    if len(data) < 5:
+        return None
+    data = data[:5]
+    [dd, mm, yy, tm, tz] = data
+    mm = mm.lower()
+    if mm not in _monthnames:
+        dd, mm = mm, dd.lower()
+        if mm not in _monthnames:
+            return None
+    mm = _monthnames.index(mm) + 1
+    if mm > 12:
+        mm -= 12
+    if dd[-1] == ',':
+        dd = dd[:-1]
+    i = yy.find(':')
+    if i > 0:
+        yy, tm = tm, yy
+    if yy[-1] == ',':
+        yy = yy[:-1]
+    if not yy[0].isdigit():
+        yy, tz = tz, yy
+    if tm[-1] == ',':
+        tm = tm[:-1]
+    tm = tm.split(':')
+    if len(tm) == 2:
+        [thh, tmm] = tm
+        tss = '0'
+    elif len(tm) == 3:
+        [thh, tmm, tss] = tm
+    elif len(tm) == 1 and '.' in tm[0]:
+        # Some non-compliant MUAs use '.' to separate time elements.
+        tm = tm[0].split('.')
+        if len(tm) == 2:
+            [thh, tmm] = tm
+            tss = 0
+        elif len(tm) == 3:
+            [thh, tmm, tss] = tm
+    else:
+        return None
+    try:
+        yy = int(yy)
+        dd = int(dd)
+        thh = int(thh)
+        tmm = int(tmm)
+        tss = int(tss)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+    # Check for a yy specified in two-digit format, then convert it to the
+    # appropriate four-digit format, according to the POSIX standard. RFC 822
+    # calls for a two-digit yy, but RFC 2822 (which obsoletes RFC 822)
+    # mandates a 4-digit yy. For more information, see the documentation for
+    # the time module.
+    if yy < 100:
+        # The year is between 1969 and 1999 (inclusive).
+        if yy > 68:
+            yy += 1900
+        # The year is between 2000 and 2068 (inclusive).
+        else:
+            yy += 2000
+    tzoffset = None
+    tz = tz.upper()
+    if tz in _timezones:
+        tzoffset = _timezones[tz]
+    else:
+        try:
+            tzoffset = int(tz)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        if tzoffset==0 and tz.startswith('-'):
+            tzoffset = None
+    # Convert a timezone offset into seconds ; -0500 -> -18000
+    if tzoffset:
+        if tzoffset < 0:
+            tzsign = -1
+            tzoffset = -tzoffset
+        else:
+            tzsign = 1
+        tzoffset = tzsign * ( (tzoffset//100)*3600 + (tzoffset % 100)*60)
+    # Daylight Saving Time flag is set to -1, since DST is unknown.
+    return [yy, mm, dd, thh, tmm, tss, 0, 1, -1, tzoffset]
+
+
+def parsedate(data):
+    """Convert a time string to a time tuple."""
+    t = parsedate_tz(data)
+    if isinstance(t, tuple):
+        return t[:9]
+    else:
+        return t
+
+
+def mktime_tz(data):
+    """Turn a 10-tuple as returned by parsedate_tz() into a POSIX timestamp."""
+    if data[9] is None:
+        # No zone info, so localtime is better assumption than GMT
+        return time.mktime(data[:8] + (-1,))
+    else:
+        t = calendar.timegm(data)
+        return t - data[9]
+
+
+def quote(str):
+    """Prepare string to be used in a quoted string.
+
+    Turns backslash and double quote characters into quoted pairs.  These
+    are the only characters that need to be quoted inside a quoted string.
+    Does not add the surrounding double quotes.
+    """
+    return str.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', '\\"')
+
+
+class AddrlistClass(object):
+    """Address parser class by Ben Escoto.
+
+    To understand what this class does, it helps to have a copy of RFC 2822 in
+    front of you.
+
+    Note: this class interface is deprecated and may be removed in the future.
+    Use email.utils.AddressList instead.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, field):
+        """Initialize a new instance.
+
+        `field' is an unparsed address header field, containing
+        one or more addresses.
+        """
+        self.specials = '()<>@,:;.\"[]'
+        self.pos = 0
+        self.LWS = ' \t'
+        self.CR = '\r\n'
+        self.FWS = self.LWS + self.CR
+        self.atomends = self.specials + self.LWS + self.CR
+        # Note that RFC 2822 now specifies `.' as obs-phrase, meaning that it
+        # is obsolete syntax.  RFC 2822 requires that we recognize obsolete
+        # syntax, so allow dots in phrases.
+        self.phraseends = self.atomends.replace('.', '')
+        self.field = field
+        self.commentlist = []
+
+    def gotonext(self):
+        """Skip white space and extract comments."""
+        wslist = []
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            if self.field[self.pos] in self.LWS + '\n\r':
+                if self.field[self.pos] not in '\n\r':
+                    wslist.append(self.field[self.pos])
+                self.pos += 1
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '(':
+                self.commentlist.append(self.getcomment())
+            else:
+                break
+        return EMPTYSTRING.join(wslist)
+
+    def getaddrlist(self):
+        """Parse all addresses.
+
+        Returns a list containing all of the addresses.
+        """
+        result = []
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            ad = self.getaddress()
+            if ad:
+                result += ad
+            else:
+                result.append(('', ''))
+        return result
+
+    def getaddress(self):
+        """Parse the next address."""
+        self.commentlist = []
+        self.gotonext()
+
+        oldpos = self.pos
+        oldcl = self.commentlist
+        plist = self.getphraselist()
+
+        self.gotonext()
+        returnlist = []
+
+        if self.pos >= len(self.field):
+            # Bad email address technically, no domain.
+            if plist:
+                returnlist = [(SPACE.join(self.commentlist), plist[0])]
+
+        elif self.field[self.pos] in '.@':
+            # email address is just an addrspec
+            # this isn't very efficient since we start over
+            self.pos = oldpos
+            self.commentlist = oldcl
+            addrspec = self.getaddrspec()
+            returnlist = [(SPACE.join(self.commentlist), addrspec)]
+
+        elif self.field[self.pos] == ':':
+            # address is a group
+            returnlist = []
+
+            fieldlen = len(self.field)
+            self.pos += 1
+            while self.pos < len(self.field):
+                self.gotonext()
+                if self.pos < fieldlen and self.field[self.pos] == ';':
+                    self.pos += 1
+                    break
+                returnlist = returnlist + self.getaddress()
+
+        elif self.field[self.pos] == '<':
+            # Address is a phrase then a route addr
+            routeaddr = self.getrouteaddr()
+
+            if self.commentlist:
+                returnlist = [(SPACE.join(plist) + ' (' +
+                               ' '.join(self.commentlist) + ')', routeaddr)]
+            else:
+                returnlist = [(SPACE.join(plist), routeaddr)]
+
+        else:
+            if plist:
+                returnlist = [(SPACE.join(self.commentlist), plist[0])]
+            elif self.field[self.pos] in self.specials:
+                self.pos += 1
+
+        self.gotonext()
+        if self.pos < len(self.field) and self.field[self.pos] == ',':
+            self.pos += 1
+        return returnlist
+
+    def getrouteaddr(self):
+        """Parse a route address (Return-path value).
+
+        This method just skips all the route stuff and returns the addrspec.
+        """
+        if self.field[self.pos] != '<':
+            return
+
+        expectroute = False
+        self.pos += 1
+        self.gotonext()
+        adlist = ''
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            if expectroute:
+                self.getdomain()
+                expectroute = False
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '>':
+                self.pos += 1
+                break
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '@':
+                self.pos += 1
+                expectroute = True
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == ':':
+                self.pos += 1
+            else:
+                adlist = self.getaddrspec()
+                self.pos += 1
+                break
+            self.gotonext()
+
+        return adlist
+
+    def getaddrspec(self):
+        """Parse an RFC 2822 addr-spec."""
+        aslist = []
+
+        self.gotonext()
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            preserve_ws = True
+            if self.field[self.pos] == '.':
+                if aslist and not aslist[-1].strip():
+                    aslist.pop()
+                aslist.append('.')
+                self.pos += 1
+                preserve_ws = False
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '"':
+                aslist.append('"%s"' % quote(self.getquote()))
+            elif self.field[self.pos] in self.atomends:
+                if aslist and not aslist[-1].strip():
+                    aslist.pop()
+                break
+            else:
+                aslist.append(self.getatom())
+            ws = self.gotonext()
+            if preserve_ws and ws:
+                aslist.append(ws)
+
+        if self.pos >= len(self.field) or self.field[self.pos] != '@':
+            return EMPTYSTRING.join(aslist)
+
+        aslist.append('@')
+        self.pos += 1
+        self.gotonext()
+        return EMPTYSTRING.join(aslist) + self.getdomain()
+
+    def getdomain(self):
+        """Get the complete domain name from an address."""
+        sdlist = []
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            if self.field[self.pos] in self.LWS:
+                self.pos += 1
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '(':
+                self.commentlist.append(self.getcomment())
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '[':
+                sdlist.append(self.getdomainliteral())
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '.':
+                self.pos += 1
+                sdlist.append('.')
+            elif self.field[self.pos] in self.atomends:
+                break
+            else:
+                sdlist.append(self.getatom())
+        return EMPTYSTRING.join(sdlist)
+
+    def getdelimited(self, beginchar, endchars, allowcomments=True):
+        """Parse a header fragment delimited by special characters.
+
+        `beginchar' is the start character for the fragment.
+        If self is not looking at an instance of `beginchar' then
+        getdelimited returns the empty string.
+
+        `endchars' is a sequence of allowable end-delimiting characters.
+        Parsing stops when one of these is encountered.
+
+        If `allowcomments' is non-zero, embedded RFC 2822 comments are allowed
+        within the parsed fragment.
+        """
+        if self.field[self.pos] != beginchar:
+            return ''
+
+        slist = ['']
+        quote = False
+        self.pos += 1
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            if quote:
+                slist.append(self.field[self.pos])
+                quote = False
+            elif self.field[self.pos] in endchars:
+                self.pos += 1
+                break
+            elif allowcomments and self.field[self.pos] == '(':
+                slist.append(self.getcomment())
+                continue        # have already advanced pos from getcomment
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '\\':
+                quote = True
+            else:
+                slist.append(self.field[self.pos])
+            self.pos += 1
+
+        return EMPTYSTRING.join(slist)
+
+    def getquote(self):
+        """Get a quote-delimited fragment from self's field."""
+        return self.getdelimited('"', '"\r', False)
+
+    def getcomment(self):
+        """Get a parenthesis-delimited fragment from self's field."""
+        return self.getdelimited('(', ')\r', True)
+
+    def getdomainliteral(self):
+        """Parse an RFC 2822 domain-literal."""
+        return '[%s]' % self.getdelimited('[', ']\r', False)
+
+    def getatom(self, atomends=None):
+        """Parse an RFC 2822 atom.
+
+        Optional atomends specifies a different set of end token delimiters
+        (the default is to use self.atomends).  This is used e.g. in
+        getphraselist() since phrase endings must not include the `.' (which
+        is legal in phrases)."""
+        atomlist = ['']
+        if atomends is None:
+            atomends = self.atomends
+
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            if self.field[self.pos] in atomends:
+                break
+            else:
+                atomlist.append(self.field[self.pos])
+            self.pos += 1
+
+        return EMPTYSTRING.join(atomlist)
+
+    def getphraselist(self):
+        """Parse a sequence of RFC 2822 phrases.
+
+        A phrase is a sequence of words, which are in turn either RFC 2822
+        atoms or quoted-strings.  Phrases are canonicalized by squeezing all
+        runs of continuous whitespace into one space.
+        """
+        plist = []
+
+        while self.pos < len(self.field):
+            if self.field[self.pos] in self.FWS:
+                self.pos += 1
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '"':
+                plist.append(self.getquote())
+            elif self.field[self.pos] == '(':
+                self.commentlist.append(self.getcomment())
+            elif self.field[self.pos] in self.phraseends:
+                break
+            else:
+                plist.append(self.getatom(self.phraseends))
+
+        return plist
+
+class AddressList(AddrlistClass):
+    """An AddressList encapsulates a list of parsed RFC 2822 addresses."""
+    def __init__(self, field):
+        AddrlistClass.__init__(self, field)
+        if field:
+            self.addresslist = self.getaddrlist()
+        else:
+            self.addresslist = []
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.addresslist)
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        # Set union
+        newaddr = AddressList(None)
+        newaddr.addresslist = self.addresslist[:]
+        for x in other.addresslist:
+            if not x in self.addresslist:
+                newaddr.addresslist.append(x)
+        return newaddr
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        # Set union, in-place
+        for x in other.addresslist:
+            if not x in self.addresslist:
+                self.addresslist.append(x)
+        return self
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        # Set difference
+        newaddr = AddressList(None)
+        for x in self.addresslist:
+            if not x in other.addresslist:
+                newaddr.addresslist.append(x)
+        return newaddr
+
+    def __isub__(self, other):
+        # Set difference, in-place
+        for x in other.addresslist:
+            if x in self.addresslist:
+                self.addresslist.remove(x)
+        return self
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        # Make indexing, slices, and 'in' work
+        return self.addresslist[index]
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_policybase.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_policybase.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c66aea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/_policybase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+"""Policy framework for the email package.
+
+Allows fine grained feature control of how the package parses and emits data.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import super
+from future.builtins import str
+from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+import abc
+from future.backports.email import header
+from future.backports.email import charset as _charset
+from future.backports.email.utils import _has_surrogates
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Policy',
+    'Compat32',
+    'compat32',
+    ]
+
+
+class _PolicyBase(object):
+
+    """Policy Object basic framework.
+
+    This class is useless unless subclassed.  A subclass should define
+    class attributes with defaults for any values that are to be
+    managed by the Policy object.  The constructor will then allow
+    non-default values to be set for these attributes at instance
+    creation time.  The instance will be callable, taking these same
+    attributes keyword arguments, and returning a new instance
+    identical to the called instance except for those values changed
+    by the keyword arguments.  Instances may be added, yielding new
+    instances with any non-default values from the right hand
+    operand overriding those in the left hand operand.  That is,
+
+        A + B == A(<non-default values of B>)
+
+    The repr of an instance can be used to reconstruct the object
+    if and only if the repr of the values can be used to reconstruct
+    those values.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        """Create new Policy, possibly overriding some defaults.
+
+        See class docstring for a list of overridable attributes.
+
+        """
+        for name, value in kw.items():
+            if hasattr(self, name):
+                super(_PolicyBase,self).__setattr__(name, value)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "{!r} is an invalid keyword argument for {}".format(
+                        name, self.__class__.__name__))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        args = [ "{}={!r}".format(name, value)
+                 for name, value in self.__dict__.items() ]
+        return "{}({})".format(self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(args))
+
+    def clone(self, **kw):
+        """Return a new instance with specified attributes changed.
+
+        The new instance has the same attribute values as the current object,
+        except for the changes passed in as keyword arguments.
+
+        """
+        newpolicy = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
+        for attr, value in self.__dict__.items():
+            object.__setattr__(newpolicy, attr, value)
+        for attr, value in kw.items():
+            if not hasattr(self, attr):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "{!r} is an invalid keyword argument for {}".format(
+                        attr, self.__class__.__name__))
+            object.__setattr__(newpolicy, attr, value)
+        return newpolicy
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+        if hasattr(self, name):
+            msg = "{!r} object attribute {!r} is read-only"
+        else:
+            msg = "{!r} object has no attribute {!r}"
+        raise AttributeError(msg.format(self.__class__.__name__, name))
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        """Non-default values from right operand override those from left.
+
+        The object returned is a new instance of the subclass.
+
+        """
+        return self.clone(**other.__dict__)
+
+
+def _append_doc(doc, added_doc):
+    doc = doc.rsplit('\n', 1)[0]
+    added_doc = added_doc.split('\n', 1)[1]
+    return doc + '\n' + added_doc
+
+def _extend_docstrings(cls):
+    if cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.startswith('+'):
+        cls.__doc__ = _append_doc(cls.__bases__[0].__doc__, cls.__doc__)
+    for name, attr in cls.__dict__.items():
+        if attr.__doc__ and attr.__doc__.startswith('+'):
+            for c in (c for base in cls.__bases__ for c in base.mro()):
+                doc = getattr(getattr(c, name), '__doc__')
+                if doc:
+                    attr.__doc__ = _append_doc(doc, attr.__doc__)
+                    break
+    return cls
+
+
+class Policy(with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, _PolicyBase)):
+
+    r"""Controls for how messages are interpreted and formatted.
+
+    Most of the classes and many of the methods in the email package accept
+    Policy objects as parameters.  A Policy object contains a set of values and
+    functions that control how input is interpreted and how output is rendered.
+    For example, the parameter 'raise_on_defect' controls whether or not an RFC
+    violation results in an error being raised or not, while 'max_line_length'
+    controls the maximum length of output lines when a Message is serialized.
+
+    Any valid attribute may be overridden when a Policy is created by passing
+    it as a keyword argument to the constructor.  Policy objects are immutable,
+    but a new Policy object can be created with only certain values changed by
+    calling the Policy instance with keyword arguments.  Policy objects can
+    also be added, producing a new Policy object in which the non-default
+    attributes set in the right hand operand overwrite those specified in the
+    left operand.
+
+    Settable attributes:
+
+    raise_on_defect     -- If true, then defects should be raised as errors.
+                           Default: False.
+
+    linesep             -- string containing the value to use as separation
+                           between output lines.  Default '\n'.
+
+    cte_type            -- Type of allowed content transfer encodings
+
+                           7bit  -- ASCII only
+                           8bit  -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit is allowed
+
+                           Default: 8bit.  Also controls the disposition of
+                           (RFC invalid) binary data in headers; see the
+                           documentation of the binary_fold method.
+
+    max_line_length     -- maximum length of lines, excluding 'linesep',
+                           during serialization.  None or 0 means no line
+                           wrapping is done.  Default is 78.
+
+    """
+
+    raise_on_defect = False
+    linesep = '\n'
+    cte_type = '8bit'
+    max_line_length = 78
+
+    def handle_defect(self, obj, defect):
+        """Based on policy, either raise defect or call register_defect.
+
+            handle_defect(obj, defect)
+
+        defect should be a Defect subclass, but in any case must be an
+        Exception subclass.  obj is the object on which the defect should be
+        registered if it is not raised.  If the raise_on_defect is True, the
+        defect is raised as an error, otherwise the object and the defect are
+        passed to register_defect.
+
+        This method is intended to be called by parsers that discover defects.
+        The email package parsers always call it with Defect instances.
+
+        """
+        if self.raise_on_defect:
+            raise defect
+        self.register_defect(obj, defect)
+
+    def register_defect(self, obj, defect):
+        """Record 'defect' on 'obj'.
+
+        Called by handle_defect if raise_on_defect is False.  This method is
+        part of the Policy API so that Policy subclasses can implement custom
+        defect handling.  The default implementation calls the append method of
+        the defects attribute of obj.  The objects used by the email package by
+        default that get passed to this method will always have a defects
+        attribute with an append method.
+
+        """
+        obj.defects.append(defect)
+
+    def header_max_count(self, name):
+        """Return the maximum allowed number of headers named 'name'.
+
+        Called when a header is added to a Message object.  If the returned
+        value is not 0 or None, and there are already a number of headers with
+        the name 'name' equal to the value returned, a ValueError is raised.
+
+        Because the default behavior of Message's __setitem__ is to append the
+        value to the list of headers, it is easy to create duplicate headers
+        without realizing it.  This method allows certain headers to be limited
+        in the number of instances of that header that may be added to a
+        Message programmatically.  (The limit is not observed by the parser,
+        which will faithfully produce as many headers as exist in the message
+        being parsed.)
+
+        The default implementation returns None for all header names.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def header_source_parse(self, sourcelines):
+        """Given a list of linesep terminated strings constituting the lines of
+        a single header, return the (name, value) tuple that should be stored
+        in the model.  The input lines should retain their terminating linesep
+        characters.  The lines passed in by the email package may contain
+        surrogateescaped binary data.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def header_store_parse(self, name, value):
+        """Given the header name and the value provided by the application
+        program, return the (name, value) that should be stored in the model.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def header_fetch_parse(self, name, value):
+        """Given the header name and the value from the model, return the value
+        to be returned to the application program that is requesting that
+        header.  The value passed in by the email package may contain
+        surrogateescaped binary data if the lines were parsed by a BytesParser.
+        The returned value should not contain any surrogateescaped data.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def fold(self, name, value):
+        """Given the header name and the value from the model, return a string
+        containing linesep characters that implement the folding of the header
+        according to the policy controls.  The value passed in by the email
+        package may contain surrogateescaped binary data if the lines were
+        parsed by a BytesParser.  The returned value should not contain any
+        surrogateescaped data.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def fold_binary(self, name, value):
+        """Given the header name and the value from the model, return binary
+        data containing linesep characters that implement the folding of the
+        header according to the policy controls.  The value passed in by the
+        email package may contain surrogateescaped binary data.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+@_extend_docstrings
+class Compat32(Policy):
+
+    """+
+    This particular policy is the backward compatibility Policy.  It
+    replicates the behavior of the email package version 5.1.
+    """
+
+    def _sanitize_header(self, name, value):
+        # If the header value contains surrogates, return a Header using
+        # the unknown-8bit charset to encode the bytes as encoded words.
+        if not isinstance(value, str):
+            # Assume it is already a header object
+            return value
+        if _has_surrogates(value):
+            return header.Header(value, charset=_charset.UNKNOWN8BIT,
+                                 header_name=name)
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    def header_source_parse(self, sourcelines):
+        """+
+        The name is parsed as everything up to the ':' and returned unmodified.
+        The value is determined by stripping leading whitespace off the
+        remainder of the first line, joining all subsequent lines together, and
+        stripping any trailing carriage return or linefeed characters.
+
+        """
+        name, value = sourcelines[0].split(':', 1)
+        value = value.lstrip(' \t') + ''.join(sourcelines[1:])
+        return (name, value.rstrip('\r\n'))
+
+    def header_store_parse(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        The name and value are returned unmodified.
+        """
+        return (name, value)
+
+    def header_fetch_parse(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        If the value contains binary data, it is converted into a Header object
+        using the unknown-8bit charset.  Otherwise it is returned unmodified.
+        """
+        return self._sanitize_header(name, value)
+
+    def fold(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        Headers are folded using the Header folding algorithm, which preserves
+        existing line breaks in the value, and wraps each resulting line to the
+        max_line_length.  Non-ASCII binary data are CTE encoded using the
+        unknown-8bit charset.
+
+        """
+        return self._fold(name, value, sanitize=True)
+
+    def fold_binary(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        Headers are folded using the Header folding algorithm, which preserves
+        existing line breaks in the value, and wraps each resulting line to the
+        max_line_length.  If cte_type is 7bit, non-ascii binary data is CTE
+        encoded using the unknown-8bit charset.  Otherwise the original source
+        header is used, with its existing line breaks and/or binary data.
+
+        """
+        folded = self._fold(name, value, sanitize=self.cte_type=='7bit')
+        return folded.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+
+    def _fold(self, name, value, sanitize):
+        parts = []
+        parts.append('%s: ' % name)
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            if _has_surrogates(value):
+                if sanitize:
+                    h = header.Header(value,
+                                      charset=_charset.UNKNOWN8BIT,
+                                      header_name=name)
+                else:
+                    # If we have raw 8bit data in a byte string, we have no idea
+                    # what the encoding is.  There is no safe way to split this
+                    # string.  If it's ascii-subset, then we could do a normal
+                    # ascii split, but if it's multibyte then we could break the
+                    # string.  There's no way to know so the least harm seems to
+                    # be to not split the string and risk it being too long.
+                    parts.append(value)
+                    h = None
+            else:
+                h = header.Header(value, header_name=name)
+        else:
+            # Assume it is a Header-like object.
+            h = value
+        if h is not None:
+            parts.append(h.encode(linesep=self.linesep,
+                                  maxlinelen=self.max_line_length))
+        parts.append(self.linesep)
+        return ''.join(parts)
+
+
+compat32 = Compat32()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/base64mime.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/base64mime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..416d612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/base64mime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Ben Gertzfield
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Base64 content transfer encoding per RFCs 2045-2047.
+
+This module handles the content transfer encoding method defined in RFC 2045
+to encode arbitrary 8-bit data using the three 8-bit bytes in four 7-bit
+characters encoding known as Base64.
+
+It is used in the MIME standards for email to attach images, audio, and text
+using some 8-bit character sets to messages.
+
+This module provides an interface to encode and decode both headers and bodies
+with Base64 encoding.
+
+RFC 2045 defines a method for including character set information in an
+`encoded-word' in a header.  This method is commonly used for 8-bit real names
+in To:, From:, Cc:, etc. fields, as well as Subject: lines.
+
+This module does not do the line wrapping or end-of-line character conversion
+necessary for proper internationalized headers; it only does dumb encoding and
+decoding.  To deal with the various line wrapping issues, use the email.header
+module.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import range
+from future.builtins import bytes
+
+__all__ = [
+    'body_decode',
+    'body_encode',
+    'decode',
+    'decodestring',
+    'header_encode',
+    'header_length',
+    ]
+
+
+from base64 import b64encode
+from binascii import b2a_base64, a2b_base64
+
+CRLF = '\r\n'
+NL = '\n'
+EMPTYSTRING = ''
+
+# See also Charset.py
+MISC_LEN = 7
+
+
+# Helpers
+def header_length(bytearray):
+    """Return the length of s when it is encoded with base64."""
+    groups_of_3, leftover = divmod(len(bytearray), 3)
+    # 4 bytes out for each 3 bytes (or nonzero fraction thereof) in.
+    n = groups_of_3 * 4
+    if leftover:
+        n += 4
+    return n
+
+
+def header_encode(header_bytes, charset='iso-8859-1'):
+    """Encode a single header line with Base64 encoding in a given charset.
+
+    charset names the character set to use to encode the header.  It defaults
+    to iso-8859-1.  Base64 encoding is defined in RFC 2045.
+    """
+    if not header_bytes:
+        return ""
+    if isinstance(header_bytes, str):
+        header_bytes = header_bytes.encode(charset)
+    encoded = b64encode(header_bytes).decode("ascii")
+    return '=?%s?b?%s?=' % (charset, encoded)
+
+
+def body_encode(s, maxlinelen=76, eol=NL):
+    r"""Encode a string with base64.
+
+    Each line will be wrapped at, at most, maxlinelen characters (defaults to
+    76 characters).
+
+    Each line of encoded text will end with eol, which defaults to "\n".  Set
+    this to "\r\n" if you will be using the result of this function directly
+    in an email.
+    """
+    if not s:
+        return s
+
+    encvec = []
+    max_unencoded = maxlinelen * 3 // 4
+    for i in range(0, len(s), max_unencoded):
+        # BAW: should encode() inherit b2a_base64()'s dubious behavior in
+        # adding a newline to the encoded string?
+        enc = b2a_base64(s[i:i + max_unencoded]).decode("ascii")
+        if enc.endswith(NL) and eol != NL:
+            enc = enc[:-1] + eol
+        encvec.append(enc)
+    return EMPTYSTRING.join(encvec)
+
+
+def decode(string):
+    """Decode a raw base64 string, returning a bytes object.
+
+    This function does not parse a full MIME header value encoded with
+    base64 (like =?iso-8895-1?b?bmloISBuaWgh?=) -- please use the high
+    level email.header class for that functionality.
+    """
+    if not string:
+        return bytes()
+    elif isinstance(string, str):
+        return a2b_base64(string.encode('raw-unicode-escape'))
+    else:
+        return a2b_base64(string)
+
+
+# For convenience and backwards compatibility w/ standard base64 module
+body_decode = decode
+decodestring = decode
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/charset.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/charset.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2385ce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/charset.py
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import str
+from future.builtins import next
+
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Ben Gertzfield, Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Charset',
+    'add_alias',
+    'add_charset',
+    'add_codec',
+    ]
+
+from functools import partial
+
+from future.backports import email
+from future.backports.email import errors
+from future.backports.email.encoders import encode_7or8bit
+
+
+# Flags for types of header encodings
+QP          = 1 # Quoted-Printable
+BASE64      = 2 # Base64
+SHORTEST    = 3 # the shorter of QP and base64, but only for headers
+
+# In "=?charset?q?hello_world?=", the =?, ?q?, and ?= add up to 7
+RFC2047_CHROME_LEN = 7
+
+DEFAULT_CHARSET = 'us-ascii'
+UNKNOWN8BIT = 'unknown-8bit'
+EMPTYSTRING = ''
+
+
+# Defaults
+CHARSETS = {
+    # input        header enc  body enc output conv
+    'iso-8859-1':  (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'iso-8859-2':  (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'iso-8859-3':  (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'iso-8859-4':  (QP,        QP,      None),
+    # iso-8859-5 is Cyrillic, and not especially used
+    # iso-8859-6 is Arabic, also not particularly used
+    # iso-8859-7 is Greek, QP will not make it readable
+    # iso-8859-8 is Hebrew, QP will not make it readable
+    'iso-8859-9':  (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'iso-8859-10': (QP,        QP,      None),
+    # iso-8859-11 is Thai, QP will not make it readable
+    'iso-8859-13': (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'iso-8859-14': (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'iso-8859-15': (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'iso-8859-16': (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'windows-1252':(QP,        QP,      None),
+    'viscii':      (QP,        QP,      None),
+    'us-ascii':    (None,      None,    None),
+    'big5':        (BASE64,    BASE64,  None),
+    'gb2312':      (BASE64,    BASE64,  None),
+    'euc-jp':      (BASE64,    None,    'iso-2022-jp'),
+    'shift_jis':   (BASE64,    None,    'iso-2022-jp'),
+    'iso-2022-jp': (BASE64,    None,    None),
+    'koi8-r':      (BASE64,    BASE64,  None),
+    'utf-8':       (SHORTEST,  BASE64, 'utf-8'),
+    }
+
+# Aliases for other commonly-used names for character sets.  Map
+# them to the real ones used in email.
+ALIASES = {
+    'latin_1': 'iso-8859-1',
+    'latin-1': 'iso-8859-1',
+    'latin_2': 'iso-8859-2',
+    'latin-2': 'iso-8859-2',
+    'latin_3': 'iso-8859-3',
+    'latin-3': 'iso-8859-3',
+    'latin_4': 'iso-8859-4',
+    'latin-4': 'iso-8859-4',
+    'latin_5': 'iso-8859-9',
+    'latin-5': 'iso-8859-9',
+    'latin_6': 'iso-8859-10',
+    'latin-6': 'iso-8859-10',
+    'latin_7': 'iso-8859-13',
+    'latin-7': 'iso-8859-13',
+    'latin_8': 'iso-8859-14',
+    'latin-8': 'iso-8859-14',
+    'latin_9': 'iso-8859-15',
+    'latin-9': 'iso-8859-15',
+    'latin_10':'iso-8859-16',
+    'latin-10':'iso-8859-16',
+    'cp949':   'ks_c_5601-1987',
+    'euc_jp':  'euc-jp',
+    'euc_kr':  'euc-kr',
+    'ascii':   'us-ascii',
+    }
+
+
+# Map charsets to their Unicode codec strings.
+CODEC_MAP = {
+    'gb2312':      'eucgb2312_cn',
+    'big5':        'big5_tw',
+    # Hack: We don't want *any* conversion for stuff marked us-ascii, as all
+    # sorts of garbage might be sent to us in the guise of 7-bit us-ascii.
+    # Let that stuff pass through without conversion to/from Unicode.
+    'us-ascii':    None,
+    }
+
+
+# Convenience functions for extending the above mappings
+def add_charset(charset, header_enc=None, body_enc=None, output_charset=None):
+    """Add character set properties to the global registry.
+
+    charset is the input character set, and must be the canonical name of a
+    character set.
+
+    Optional header_enc and body_enc is either Charset.QP for
+    quoted-printable, Charset.BASE64 for base64 encoding, Charset.SHORTEST for
+    the shortest of qp or base64 encoding, or None for no encoding.  SHORTEST
+    is only valid for header_enc.  It describes how message headers and
+    message bodies in the input charset are to be encoded.  Default is no
+    encoding.
+
+    Optional output_charset is the character set that the output should be
+    in.  Conversions will proceed from input charset, to Unicode, to the
+    output charset when the method Charset.convert() is called.  The default
+    is to output in the same character set as the input.
+
+    Both input_charset and output_charset must have Unicode codec entries in
+    the module's charset-to-codec mapping; use add_codec(charset, codecname)
+    to add codecs the module does not know about.  See the codecs module's
+    documentation for more information.
+    """
+    if body_enc == SHORTEST:
+        raise ValueError('SHORTEST not allowed for body_enc')
+    CHARSETS[charset] = (header_enc, body_enc, output_charset)
+
+
+def add_alias(alias, canonical):
+    """Add a character set alias.
+
+    alias is the alias name, e.g. latin-1
+    canonical is the character set's canonical name, e.g. iso-8859-1
+    """
+    ALIASES[alias] = canonical
+
+
+def add_codec(charset, codecname):
+    """Add a codec that map characters in the given charset to/from Unicode.
+
+    charset is the canonical name of a character set.  codecname is the name
+    of a Python codec, as appropriate for the second argument to the unicode()
+    built-in, or to the encode() method of a Unicode string.
+    """
+    CODEC_MAP[charset] = codecname
+
+
+# Convenience function for encoding strings, taking into account
+# that they might be unknown-8bit (ie: have surrogate-escaped bytes)
+def _encode(string, codec):
+    string = str(string)
+    if codec == UNKNOWN8BIT:
+        return string.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+    else:
+        return string.encode(codec)
+
+
+class Charset(object):
+    """Map character sets to their email properties.
+
+    This class provides information about the requirements imposed on email
+    for a specific character set.  It also provides convenience routines for
+    converting between character sets, given the availability of the
+    applicable codecs.  Given a character set, it will do its best to provide
+    information on how to use that character set in an email in an
+    RFC-compliant way.
+
+    Certain character sets must be encoded with quoted-printable or base64
+    when used in email headers or bodies.  Certain character sets must be
+    converted outright, and are not allowed in email.  Instances of this
+    module expose the following information about a character set:
+
+    input_charset: The initial character set specified.  Common aliases
+                   are converted to their `official' email names (e.g. latin_1
+                   is converted to iso-8859-1).  Defaults to 7-bit us-ascii.
+
+    header_encoding: If the character set must be encoded before it can be
+                     used in an email header, this attribute will be set to
+                     Charset.QP (for quoted-printable), Charset.BASE64 (for
+                     base64 encoding), or Charset.SHORTEST for the shortest of
+                     QP or BASE64 encoding.  Otherwise, it will be None.
+
+    body_encoding: Same as header_encoding, but describes the encoding for the
+                   mail message's body, which indeed may be different than the
+                   header encoding.  Charset.SHORTEST is not allowed for
+                   body_encoding.
+
+    output_charset: Some character sets must be converted before they can be
+                    used in email headers or bodies.  If the input_charset is
+                    one of them, this attribute will contain the name of the
+                    charset output will be converted to.  Otherwise, it will
+                    be None.
+
+    input_codec: The name of the Python codec used to convert the
+                 input_charset to Unicode.  If no conversion codec is
+                 necessary, this attribute will be None.
+
+    output_codec: The name of the Python codec used to convert Unicode
+                  to the output_charset.  If no conversion codec is necessary,
+                  this attribute will have the same value as the input_codec.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, input_charset=DEFAULT_CHARSET):
+        # RFC 2046, $4.1.2 says charsets are not case sensitive.  We coerce to
+        # unicode because its .lower() is locale insensitive.  If the argument
+        # is already a unicode, we leave it at that, but ensure that the
+        # charset is ASCII, as the standard (RFC XXX) requires.
+        try:
+            if isinstance(input_charset, str):
+                input_charset.encode('ascii')
+            else:
+                input_charset = str(input_charset, 'ascii')
+        except UnicodeError:
+            raise errors.CharsetError(input_charset)
+        input_charset = input_charset.lower()
+        # Set the input charset after filtering through the aliases
+        self.input_charset = ALIASES.get(input_charset, input_charset)
+        # We can try to guess which encoding and conversion to use by the
+        # charset_map dictionary.  Try that first, but let the user override
+        # it.
+        henc, benc, conv = CHARSETS.get(self.input_charset,
+                                        (SHORTEST, BASE64, None))
+        if not conv:
+            conv = self.input_charset
+        # Set the attributes, allowing the arguments to override the default.
+        self.header_encoding = henc
+        self.body_encoding = benc
+        self.output_charset = ALIASES.get(conv, conv)
+        # Now set the codecs.  If one isn't defined for input_charset,
+        # guess and try a Unicode codec with the same name as input_codec.
+        self.input_codec = CODEC_MAP.get(self.input_charset,
+                                         self.input_charset)
+        self.output_codec = CODEC_MAP.get(self.output_charset,
+                                          self.output_charset)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.input_charset.lower()
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return str(self) == str(other).lower()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def get_body_encoding(self):
+        """Return the content-transfer-encoding used for body encoding.
+
+        This is either the string `quoted-printable' or `base64' depending on
+        the encoding used, or it is a function in which case you should call
+        the function with a single argument, the Message object being
+        encoded.  The function should then set the Content-Transfer-Encoding
+        header itself to whatever is appropriate.
+
+        Returns "quoted-printable" if self.body_encoding is QP.
+        Returns "base64" if self.body_encoding is BASE64.
+        Returns conversion function otherwise.
+        """
+        assert self.body_encoding != SHORTEST
+        if self.body_encoding == QP:
+            return 'quoted-printable'
+        elif self.body_encoding == BASE64:
+            return 'base64'
+        else:
+            return encode_7or8bit
+
+    def get_output_charset(self):
+        """Return the output character set.
+
+        This is self.output_charset if that is not None, otherwise it is
+        self.input_charset.
+        """
+        return self.output_charset or self.input_charset
+
+    def header_encode(self, string):
+        """Header-encode a string by converting it first to bytes.
+
+        The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on
+        this charset's `header_encoding`.
+
+        :param string: A unicode string for the header.  It must be possible
+            to encode this string to bytes using the character set's
+            output codec.
+        :return: The encoded string, with RFC 2047 chrome.
+        """
+        codec = self.output_codec or 'us-ascii'
+        header_bytes = _encode(string, codec)
+        # 7bit/8bit encodings return the string unchanged (modulo conversions)
+        encoder_module = self._get_encoder(header_bytes)
+        if encoder_module is None:
+            return string
+        return encoder_module.header_encode(header_bytes, codec)
+
+    def header_encode_lines(self, string, maxlengths):
+        """Header-encode a string by converting it first to bytes.
+
+        This is similar to `header_encode()` except that the string is fit
+        into maximum line lengths as given by the argument.
+
+        :param string: A unicode string for the header.  It must be possible
+            to encode this string to bytes using the character set's
+            output codec.
+        :param maxlengths: Maximum line length iterator.  Each element
+            returned from this iterator will provide the next maximum line
+            length.  This parameter is used as an argument to built-in next()
+            and should never be exhausted.  The maximum line lengths should
+            not count the RFC 2047 chrome.  These line lengths are only a
+            hint; the splitter does the best it can.
+        :return: Lines of encoded strings, each with RFC 2047 chrome.
+        """
+        # See which encoding we should use.
+        codec = self.output_codec or 'us-ascii'
+        header_bytes = _encode(string, codec)
+        encoder_module = self._get_encoder(header_bytes)
+        encoder = partial(encoder_module.header_encode, charset=codec)
+        # Calculate the number of characters that the RFC 2047 chrome will
+        # contribute to each line.
+        charset = self.get_output_charset()
+        extra = len(charset) + RFC2047_CHROME_LEN
+        # Now comes the hard part.  We must encode bytes but we can't split on
+        # bytes because some character sets are variable length and each
+        # encoded word must stand on its own.  So the problem is you have to
+        # encode to bytes to figure out this word's length, but you must split
+        # on characters.  This causes two problems: first, we don't know how
+        # many octets a specific substring of unicode characters will get
+        # encoded to, and second, we don't know how many ASCII characters
+        # those octets will get encoded to.  Unless we try it.  Which seems
+        # inefficient.  In the interest of being correct rather than fast (and
+        # in the hope that there will be few encoded headers in any such
+        # message), brute force it. :(
+        lines = []
+        current_line = []
+        maxlen = next(maxlengths) - extra
+        for character in string:
+            current_line.append(character)
+            this_line = EMPTYSTRING.join(current_line)
+            length = encoder_module.header_length(_encode(this_line, charset))
+            if length > maxlen:
+                # This last character doesn't fit so pop it off.
+                current_line.pop()
+                # Does nothing fit on the first line?
+                if not lines and not current_line:
+                    lines.append(None)
+                else:
+                    separator = (' ' if lines else '')
+                    joined_line = EMPTYSTRING.join(current_line)
+                    header_bytes = _encode(joined_line, codec)
+                    lines.append(encoder(header_bytes))
+                current_line = [character]
+                maxlen = next(maxlengths) - extra
+        joined_line = EMPTYSTRING.join(current_line)
+        header_bytes = _encode(joined_line, codec)
+        lines.append(encoder(header_bytes))
+        return lines
+
+    def _get_encoder(self, header_bytes):
+        if self.header_encoding == BASE64:
+            return email.base64mime
+        elif self.header_encoding == QP:
+            return email.quoprimime
+        elif self.header_encoding == SHORTEST:
+            len64 = email.base64mime.header_length(header_bytes)
+            lenqp = email.quoprimime.header_length(header_bytes)
+            if len64 < lenqp:
+                return email.base64mime
+            else:
+                return email.quoprimime
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def body_encode(self, string):
+        """Body-encode a string by converting it first to bytes.
+
+        The type of encoding (base64 or quoted-printable) will be based on
+        self.body_encoding.  If body_encoding is None, we assume the
+        output charset is a 7bit encoding, so re-encoding the decoded
+        string using the ascii codec produces the correct string version
+        of the content.
+        """
+        if not string:
+            return string
+        if self.body_encoding is BASE64:
+            if isinstance(string, str):
+                string = string.encode(self.output_charset)
+            return email.base64mime.body_encode(string)
+        elif self.body_encoding is QP:
+            # quopromime.body_encode takes a string, but operates on it as if
+            # it were a list of byte codes.  For a (minimal) history on why
+            # this is so, see changeset 0cf700464177.  To correctly encode a
+            # character set, then, we must turn it into pseudo bytes via the
+            # latin1 charset, which will encode any byte as a single code point
+            # between 0 and 255, which is what body_encode is expecting.
+            if isinstance(string, str):
+                string = string.encode(self.output_charset)
+            string = string.decode('latin1')
+            return email.quoprimime.body_encode(string)
+        else:
+            if isinstance(string, str):
+                string = string.encode(self.output_charset).decode('ascii')
+            return string
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/encoders.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/encoders.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15d2eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/encoders.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Encodings and related functions."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import str
+
+__all__ = [
+    'encode_7or8bit',
+    'encode_base64',
+    'encode_noop',
+    'encode_quopri',
+    ]
+
+
+try:
+    from base64 import encodebytes as _bencode
+except ImportError:
+    # Py2 compatibility. TODO: test this!
+    from base64 import encodestring as _bencode
+from quopri import encodestring as _encodestring
+
+
+def _qencode(s):
+    enc = _encodestring(s, quotetabs=True)
+    # Must encode spaces, which quopri.encodestring() doesn't do
+    return enc.replace(' ', '=20')
+
+
+def encode_base64(msg):
+    """Encode the message's payload in Base64.
+
+    Also, add an appropriate Content-Transfer-Encoding header.
+    """
+    orig = msg.get_payload()
+    encdata = str(_bencode(orig), 'ascii')
+    msg.set_payload(encdata)
+    msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = 'base64'
+
+
+def encode_quopri(msg):
+    """Encode the message's payload in quoted-printable.
+
+    Also, add an appropriate Content-Transfer-Encoding header.
+    """
+    orig = msg.get_payload()
+    encdata = _qencode(orig)
+    msg.set_payload(encdata)
+    msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = 'quoted-printable'
+
+
+def encode_7or8bit(msg):
+    """Set the Content-Transfer-Encoding header to 7bit or 8bit."""
+    orig = msg.get_payload()
+    if orig is None:
+        # There's no payload.  For backwards compatibility we use 7bit
+        msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = '7bit'
+        return
+    # We play a trick to make this go fast.  If encoding/decode to ASCII
+    # succeeds, we know the data must be 7bit, otherwise treat it as 8bit.
+    try:
+        if isinstance(orig, str):
+            orig.encode('ascii')
+        else:
+            orig.decode('ascii')
+    except UnicodeError:
+        charset = msg.get_charset()
+        output_cset = charset and charset.output_charset
+        # iso-2022-* is non-ASCII but encodes to a 7-bit representation
+        if output_cset and output_cset.lower().startswith('iso-2022-'):
+            msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = '7bit'
+        else:
+            msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = '8bit'
+    else:
+        msg['Content-Transfer-Encoding'] = '7bit'
+    if not isinstance(orig, str):
+        msg.set_payload(orig.decode('ascii', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+
+def encode_noop(msg):
+    """Do nothing."""
+    # Well, not quite *nothing*: in Python3 we have to turn bytes into a string
+    # in our internal surrogateescaped form in order to keep the model
+    # consistent.
+    orig = msg.get_payload()
+    if not isinstance(orig, str):
+        msg.set_payload(orig.decode('ascii', 'surrogateescape'))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/errors.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fe599c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""email package exception classes."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import super
+
+
+class MessageError(Exception):
+    """Base class for errors in the email package."""
+
+
+class MessageParseError(MessageError):
+    """Base class for message parsing errors."""
+
+
+class HeaderParseError(MessageParseError):
+    """Error while parsing headers."""
+
+
+class BoundaryError(MessageParseError):
+    """Couldn't find terminating boundary."""
+
+
+class MultipartConversionError(MessageError, TypeError):
+    """Conversion to a multipart is prohibited."""
+
+
+class CharsetError(MessageError):
+    """An illegal charset was given."""
+
+
+# These are parsing defects which the parser was able to work around.
+class MessageDefect(ValueError):
+    """Base class for a message defect."""
+
+    def __init__(self, line=None):
+        if line is not None:
+            super().__init__(line)
+        self.line = line
+
+class NoBoundaryInMultipartDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """A message claimed to be a multipart but had no boundary parameter."""
+
+class StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """The claimed start boundary was never found."""
+
+class CloseBoundaryNotFoundDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """A start boundary was found, but not the corresponding close boundary."""
+
+class FirstHeaderLineIsContinuationDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """A message had a continuation line as its first header line."""
+
+class MisplacedEnvelopeHeaderDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """A 'Unix-from' header was found in the middle of a header block."""
+
+class MissingHeaderBodySeparatorDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """Found line with no leading whitespace and no colon before blank line."""
+# XXX: backward compatibility, just in case (it was never emitted).
+MalformedHeaderDefect = MissingHeaderBodySeparatorDefect
+
+class MultipartInvariantViolationDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """A message claimed to be a multipart but no subparts were found."""
+
+class InvalidMultipartContentTransferEncodingDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """An invalid content transfer encoding was set on the multipart itself."""
+
+class UndecodableBytesDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """Header contained bytes that could not be decoded"""
+
+class InvalidBase64PaddingDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """base64 encoded sequence had an incorrect length"""
+
+class InvalidBase64CharactersDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """base64 encoded sequence had characters not in base64 alphabet"""
+
+# These errors are specific to header parsing.
+
+class HeaderDefect(MessageDefect):
+    """Base class for a header defect."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+
+class InvalidHeaderDefect(HeaderDefect):
+    """Header is not valid, message gives details."""
+
+class HeaderMissingRequiredValue(HeaderDefect):
+    """A header that must have a value had none"""
+
+class NonPrintableDefect(HeaderDefect):
+    """ASCII characters outside the ascii-printable range found"""
+
+    def __init__(self, non_printables):
+        super().__init__(non_printables)
+        self.non_printables = non_printables
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("the following ASCII non-printables found in header: "
+            "{}".format(self.non_printables))
+
+class ObsoleteHeaderDefect(HeaderDefect):
+    """Header uses syntax declared obsolete by RFC 5322"""
+
+class NonASCIILocalPartDefect(HeaderDefect):
+    """local_part contains non-ASCII characters"""
+    # This defect only occurs during unicode parsing, not when
+    # parsing messages decoded from binary.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/feedparser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/feedparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..935c26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/feedparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Authors: Baxter, Wouters and Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""FeedParser - An email feed parser.
+
+The feed parser implements an interface for incrementally parsing an email
+message, line by line.  This has advantages for certain applications, such as
+those reading email messages off a socket.
+
+FeedParser.feed() is the primary interface for pushing new data into the
+parser.  It returns when there's nothing more it can do with the available
+data.  When you have no more data to push into the parser, call .close().
+This completes the parsing and returns the root message object.
+
+The other advantage of this parser is that it will never raise a parsing
+exception.  Instead, when it finds something unexpected, it adds a 'defect' to
+the current message.  Defects are just instances that live on the message
+object's .defects attribute.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import object, range, super
+from future.utils import implements_iterator, PY3
+
+__all__ = ['FeedParser', 'BytesFeedParser']
+
+import re
+
+from future.backports.email import errors
+from future.backports.email import message
+from future.backports.email._policybase import compat32
+
+NLCRE = re.compile('\r\n|\r|\n')
+NLCRE_bol = re.compile('(\r\n|\r|\n)')
+NLCRE_eol = re.compile('(\r\n|\r|\n)\Z')
+NLCRE_crack = re.compile('(\r\n|\r|\n)')
+# RFC 2822 $3.6.8 Optional fields.  ftext is %d33-57 / %d59-126, Any character
+# except controls, SP, and ":".
+headerRE = re.compile(r'^(From |[\041-\071\073-\176]{1,}:|[\t ])')
+EMPTYSTRING = ''
+NL = '\n'
+
+NeedMoreData = object()
+
+
+# @implements_iterator
+class BufferedSubFile(object):
+    """A file-ish object that can have new data loaded into it.
+
+    You can also push and pop line-matching predicates onto a stack.  When the
+    current predicate matches the current line, a false EOF response
+    (i.e. empty string) is returned instead.  This lets the parser adhere to a
+    simple abstraction -- it parses until EOF closes the current message.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        # The last partial line pushed into this object.
+        self._partial = ''
+        # The list of full, pushed lines, in reverse order
+        self._lines = []
+        # The stack of false-EOF checking predicates.
+        self._eofstack = []
+        # A flag indicating whether the file has been closed or not.
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def push_eof_matcher(self, pred):
+        self._eofstack.append(pred)
+
+    def pop_eof_matcher(self):
+        return self._eofstack.pop()
+
+    def close(self):
+        # Don't forget any trailing partial line.
+        self._lines.append(self._partial)
+        self._partial = ''
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def readline(self):
+        if not self._lines:
+            if self._closed:
+                return ''
+            return NeedMoreData
+        # Pop the line off the stack and see if it matches the current
+        # false-EOF predicate.
+        line = self._lines.pop()
+        # RFC 2046, section 5.1.2 requires us to recognize outer level
+        # boundaries at any level of inner nesting.  Do this, but be sure it's
+        # in the order of most to least nested.
+        for ateof in self._eofstack[::-1]:
+            if ateof(line):
+                # We're at the false EOF.  But push the last line back first.
+                self._lines.append(line)
+                return ''
+        return line
+
+    def unreadline(self, line):
+        # Let the consumer push a line back into the buffer.
+        assert line is not NeedMoreData
+        self._lines.append(line)
+
+    def push(self, data):
+        """Push some new data into this object."""
+        # Handle any previous leftovers
+        data, self._partial = self._partial + data, ''
+        # Crack into lines, but preserve the newlines on the end of each
+        parts = NLCRE_crack.split(data)
+        # The *ahem* interesting behaviour of re.split when supplied grouping
+        # parentheses is that the last element of the resulting list is the
+        # data after the final RE.  In the case of a NL/CR terminated string,
+        # this is the empty string.
+        self._partial = parts.pop()
+        #GAN 29Mar09  bugs 1555570, 1721862  Confusion at 8K boundary ending with \r:
+        # is there a \n to follow later?
+        if not self._partial and parts and parts[-1].endswith('\r'):
+            self._partial = parts.pop(-2)+parts.pop()
+        # parts is a list of strings, alternating between the line contents
+        # and the eol character(s).  Gather up a list of lines after
+        # re-attaching the newlines.
+        lines = []
+        for i in range(len(parts) // 2):
+            lines.append(parts[i*2] + parts[i*2+1])
+        self.pushlines(lines)
+
+    def pushlines(self, lines):
+        # Reverse and insert at the front of the lines.
+        self._lines[:0] = lines[::-1]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        line = self.readline()
+        if line == '':
+            raise StopIteration
+        return line
+
+
+class FeedParser(object):
+    """A feed-style parser of email."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _factory=message.Message, **_3to2kwargs):
+        if 'policy' in _3to2kwargs: policy = _3to2kwargs['policy']; del _3to2kwargs['policy']
+        else: policy = compat32
+        """_factory is called with no arguments to create a new message obj
+
+        The policy keyword specifies a policy object that controls a number of
+        aspects of the parser's operation.  The default policy maintains
+        backward compatibility.
+
+        """
+        self._factory = _factory
+        self.policy = policy
+        try:
+            _factory(policy=self.policy)
+            self._factory_kwds = lambda: {'policy': self.policy}
+        except TypeError:
+            # Assume this is an old-style factory
+            self._factory_kwds = lambda: {}
+        self._input = BufferedSubFile()
+        self._msgstack = []
+        if PY3:
+            self._parse = self._parsegen().__next__
+        else:
+            self._parse = self._parsegen().next
+        self._cur = None
+        self._last = None
+        self._headersonly = False
+
+    # Non-public interface for supporting Parser's headersonly flag
+    def _set_headersonly(self):
+        self._headersonly = True
+
+    def feed(self, data):
+        """Push more data into the parser."""
+        self._input.push(data)
+        self._call_parse()
+
+    def _call_parse(self):
+        try:
+            self._parse()
+        except StopIteration:
+            pass
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Parse all remaining data and return the root message object."""
+        self._input.close()
+        self._call_parse()
+        root = self._pop_message()
+        assert not self._msgstack
+        # Look for final set of defects
+        if root.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart' \
+               and not root.is_multipart():
+            defect = errors.MultipartInvariantViolationDefect()
+            self.policy.handle_defect(root, defect)
+        return root
+
+    def _new_message(self):
+        msg = self._factory(**self._factory_kwds())
+        if self._cur and self._cur.get_content_type() == 'multipart/digest':
+            msg.set_default_type('message/rfc822')
+        if self._msgstack:
+            self._msgstack[-1].attach(msg)
+        self._msgstack.append(msg)
+        self._cur = msg
+        self._last = msg
+
+    def _pop_message(self):
+        retval = self._msgstack.pop()
+        if self._msgstack:
+            self._cur = self._msgstack[-1]
+        else:
+            self._cur = None
+        return retval
+
+    def _parsegen(self):
+        # Create a new message and start by parsing headers.
+        self._new_message()
+        headers = []
+        # Collect the headers, searching for a line that doesn't match the RFC
+        # 2822 header or continuation pattern (including an empty line).
+        for line in self._input:
+            if line is NeedMoreData:
+                yield NeedMoreData
+                continue
+            if not headerRE.match(line):
+                # If we saw the RFC defined header/body separator
+                # (i.e. newline), just throw it away. Otherwise the line is
+                # part of the body so push it back.
+                if not NLCRE.match(line):
+                    defect = errors.MissingHeaderBodySeparatorDefect()
+                    self.policy.handle_defect(self._cur, defect)
+                    self._input.unreadline(line)
+                break
+            headers.append(line)
+        # Done with the headers, so parse them and figure out what we're
+        # supposed to see in the body of the message.
+        self._parse_headers(headers)
+        # Headers-only parsing is a backwards compatibility hack, which was
+        # necessary in the older parser, which could raise errors.  All
+        # remaining lines in the input are thrown into the message body.
+        if self._headersonly:
+            lines = []
+            while True:
+                line = self._input.readline()
+                if line is NeedMoreData:
+                    yield NeedMoreData
+                    continue
+                if line == '':
+                    break
+                lines.append(line)
+            self._cur.set_payload(EMPTYSTRING.join(lines))
+            return
+        if self._cur.get_content_type() == 'message/delivery-status':
+            # message/delivery-status contains blocks of headers separated by
+            # a blank line.  We'll represent each header block as a separate
+            # nested message object, but the processing is a bit different
+            # than standard message/* types because there is no body for the
+            # nested messages.  A blank line separates the subparts.
+            while True:
+                self._input.push_eof_matcher(NLCRE.match)
+                for retval in self._parsegen():
+                    if retval is NeedMoreData:
+                        yield NeedMoreData
+                        continue
+                    break
+                msg = self._pop_message()
+                # We need to pop the EOF matcher in order to tell if we're at
+                # the end of the current file, not the end of the last block
+                # of message headers.
+                self._input.pop_eof_matcher()
+                # The input stream must be sitting at the newline or at the
+                # EOF.  We want to see if we're at the end of this subpart, so
+                # first consume the blank line, then test the next line to see
+                # if we're at this subpart's EOF.
+                while True:
+                    line = self._input.readline()
+                    if line is NeedMoreData:
+                        yield NeedMoreData
+                        continue
+                    break
+                while True:
+                    line = self._input.readline()
+                    if line is NeedMoreData:
+                        yield NeedMoreData
+                        continue
+                    break
+                if line == '':
+                    break
+                # Not at EOF so this is a line we're going to need.
+                self._input.unreadline(line)
+            return
+        if self._cur.get_content_maintype() == 'message':
+            # The message claims to be a message/* type, then what follows is
+            # another RFC 2822 message.
+            for retval in self._parsegen():
+                if retval is NeedMoreData:
+                    yield NeedMoreData
+                    continue
+                break
+            self._pop_message()
+            return
+        if self._cur.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':
+            boundary = self._cur.get_boundary()
+            if boundary is None:
+                # The message /claims/ to be a multipart but it has not
+                # defined a boundary.  That's a problem which we'll handle by
+                # reading everything until the EOF and marking the message as
+                # defective.
+                defect = errors.NoBoundaryInMultipartDefect()
+                self.policy.handle_defect(self._cur, defect)
+                lines = []
+                for line in self._input:
+                    if line is NeedMoreData:
+                        yield NeedMoreData
+                        continue
+                    lines.append(line)
+                self._cur.set_payload(EMPTYSTRING.join(lines))
+                return
+            # Make sure a valid content type was specified per RFC 2045:6.4.
+            if (self._cur.get('content-transfer-encoding', '8bit').lower()
+                    not in ('7bit', '8bit', 'binary')):
+                defect = errors.InvalidMultipartContentTransferEncodingDefect()
+                self.policy.handle_defect(self._cur, defect)
+            # Create a line match predicate which matches the inter-part
+            # boundary as well as the end-of-multipart boundary.  Don't push
+            # this onto the input stream until we've scanned past the
+            # preamble.
+            separator = '--' + boundary
+            boundaryre = re.compile(
+                '(?P<sep>' + re.escape(separator) +
+                r')(?P<end>--)?(?P<ws>[ \t]*)(?P<linesep>\r\n|\r|\n)?$')
+            capturing_preamble = True
+            preamble = []
+            linesep = False
+            close_boundary_seen = False
+            while True:
+                line = self._input.readline()
+                if line is NeedMoreData:
+                    yield NeedMoreData
+                    continue
+                if line == '':
+                    break
+                mo = boundaryre.match(line)
+                if mo:
+                    # If we're looking at the end boundary, we're done with
+                    # this multipart.  If there was a newline at the end of
+                    # the closing boundary, then we need to initialize the
+                    # epilogue with the empty string (see below).
+                    if mo.group('end'):
+                        close_boundary_seen = True
+                        linesep = mo.group('linesep')
+                        break
+                    # We saw an inter-part boundary.  Were we in the preamble?
+                    if capturing_preamble:
+                        if preamble:
+                            # According to RFC 2046, the last newline belongs
+                            # to the boundary.
+                            lastline = preamble[-1]
+                            eolmo = NLCRE_eol.search(lastline)
+                            if eolmo:
+                                preamble[-1] = lastline[:-len(eolmo.group(0))]
+                            self._cur.preamble = EMPTYSTRING.join(preamble)
+                        capturing_preamble = False
+                        self._input.unreadline(line)
+                        continue
+                    # We saw a boundary separating two parts.  Consume any
+                    # multiple boundary lines that may be following.  Our
+                    # interpretation of RFC 2046 BNF grammar does not produce
+                    # body parts within such double boundaries.
+                    while True:
+                        line = self._input.readline()
+                        if line is NeedMoreData:
+                            yield NeedMoreData
+                            continue
+                        mo = boundaryre.match(line)
+                        if not mo:
+                            self._input.unreadline(line)
+                            break
+                    # Recurse to parse this subpart; the input stream points
+                    # at the subpart's first line.
+                    self._input.push_eof_matcher(boundaryre.match)
+                    for retval in self._parsegen():
+                        if retval is NeedMoreData:
+                            yield NeedMoreData
+                            continue
+                        break
+                    # Because of RFC 2046, the newline preceding the boundary
+                    # separator actually belongs to the boundary, not the
+                    # previous subpart's payload (or epilogue if the previous
+                    # part is a multipart).
+                    if self._last.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart':
+                        epilogue = self._last.epilogue
+                        if epilogue == '':
+                            self._last.epilogue = None
+                        elif epilogue is not None:
+                            mo = NLCRE_eol.search(epilogue)
+                            if mo:
+                                end = len(mo.group(0))
+                                self._last.epilogue = epilogue[:-end]
+                    else:
+                        payload = self._last._payload
+                        if isinstance(payload, str):
+                            mo = NLCRE_eol.search(payload)
+                            if mo:
+                                payload = payload[:-len(mo.group(0))]
+                                self._last._payload = payload
+                    self._input.pop_eof_matcher()
+                    self._pop_message()
+                    # Set the multipart up for newline cleansing, which will
+                    # happen if we're in a nested multipart.
+                    self._last = self._cur
+                else:
+                    # I think we must be in the preamble
+                    assert capturing_preamble
+                    preamble.append(line)
+            # We've seen either the EOF or the end boundary.  If we're still
+            # capturing the preamble, we never saw the start boundary.  Note
+            # that as a defect and store the captured text as the payload.
+            if capturing_preamble:
+                defect = errors.StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect()
+                self.policy.handle_defect(self._cur, defect)
+                self._cur.set_payload(EMPTYSTRING.join(preamble))
+                epilogue = []
+                for line in self._input:
+                    if line is NeedMoreData:
+                        yield NeedMoreData
+                        continue
+                self._cur.epilogue = EMPTYSTRING.join(epilogue)
+                return
+            # If we're not processing the preamble, then we might have seen
+            # EOF without seeing that end boundary...that is also a defect.
+            if not close_boundary_seen:
+                defect = errors.CloseBoundaryNotFoundDefect()
+                self.policy.handle_defect(self._cur, defect)
+                return
+            # Everything from here to the EOF is epilogue.  If the end boundary
+            # ended in a newline, we'll need to make sure the epilogue isn't
+            # None
+            if linesep:
+                epilogue = ['']
+            else:
+                epilogue = []
+            for line in self._input:
+                if line is NeedMoreData:
+                    yield NeedMoreData
+                    continue
+                epilogue.append(line)
+            # Any CRLF at the front of the epilogue is not technically part of
+            # the epilogue.  Also, watch out for an empty string epilogue,
+            # which means a single newline.
+            if epilogue:
+                firstline = epilogue[0]
+                bolmo = NLCRE_bol.match(firstline)
+                if bolmo:
+                    epilogue[0] = firstline[len(bolmo.group(0)):]
+            self._cur.epilogue = EMPTYSTRING.join(epilogue)
+            return
+        # Otherwise, it's some non-multipart type, so the entire rest of the
+        # file contents becomes the payload.
+        lines = []
+        for line in self._input:
+            if line is NeedMoreData:
+                yield NeedMoreData
+                continue
+            lines.append(line)
+        self._cur.set_payload(EMPTYSTRING.join(lines))
+
+    def _parse_headers(self, lines):
+        # Passed a list of lines that make up the headers for the current msg
+        lastheader = ''
+        lastvalue = []
+        for lineno, line in enumerate(lines):
+            # Check for continuation
+            if line[0] in ' \t':
+                if not lastheader:
+                    # The first line of the headers was a continuation.  This
+                    # is illegal, so let's note the defect, store the illegal
+                    # line, and ignore it for purposes of headers.
+                    defect = errors.FirstHeaderLineIsContinuationDefect(line)
+                    self.policy.handle_defect(self._cur, defect)
+                    continue
+                lastvalue.append(line)
+                continue
+            if lastheader:
+                self._cur.set_raw(*self.policy.header_source_parse(lastvalue))
+                lastheader, lastvalue = '', []
+            # Check for envelope header, i.e. unix-from
+            if line.startswith('From '):
+                if lineno == 0:
+                    # Strip off the trailing newline
+                    mo = NLCRE_eol.search(line)
+                    if mo:
+                        line = line[:-len(mo.group(0))]
+                    self._cur.set_unixfrom(line)
+                    continue
+                elif lineno == len(lines) - 1:
+                    # Something looking like a unix-from at the end - it's
+                    # probably the first line of the body, so push back the
+                    # line and stop.
+                    self._input.unreadline(line)
+                    return
+                else:
+                    # Weirdly placed unix-from line.  Note this as a defect
+                    # and ignore it.
+                    defect = errors.MisplacedEnvelopeHeaderDefect(line)
+                    self._cur.defects.append(defect)
+                    continue
+            # Split the line on the colon separating field name from value.
+            # There will always be a colon, because if there wasn't the part of
+            # the parser that calls us would have started parsing the body.
+            i = line.find(':')
+            assert i>0, "_parse_headers fed line with no : and no leading WS"
+            lastheader = line[:i]
+            lastvalue = [line]
+        # Done with all the lines, so handle the last header.
+        if lastheader:
+            self._cur.set_raw(*self.policy.header_source_parse(lastvalue))
+
+
+class BytesFeedParser(FeedParser):
+    """Like FeedParser, but feed accepts bytes."""
+
+    def feed(self, data):
+        super().feed(data.decode('ascii', 'surrogateescape'))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/generator.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/generator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53493d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/generator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Classes to generate plain text from a message object tree."""
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import super
+from future.builtins import str
+
+__all__ = ['Generator', 'DecodedGenerator', 'BytesGenerator']
+
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+import random
+import warnings
+
+from io import StringIO, BytesIO
+from future.backports.email._policybase import compat32
+from future.backports.email.header import Header
+from future.backports.email.utils import _has_surrogates
+import future.backports.email.charset as _charset
+
+UNDERSCORE = '_'
+NL = '\n'  # XXX: no longer used by the code below.
+
+fcre = re.compile(r'^From ', re.MULTILINE)
+
+
+class Generator(object):
+    """Generates output from a Message object tree.
+
+    This basic generator writes the message to the given file object as plain
+    text.
+    """
+    #
+    # Public interface
+    #
+
+    def __init__(self, outfp, mangle_from_=True, maxheaderlen=None, **_3to2kwargs):
+        if 'policy' in _3to2kwargs: policy = _3to2kwargs['policy']; del _3to2kwargs['policy']
+        else: policy = None
+        """Create the generator for message flattening.
+
+        outfp is the output file-like object for writing the message to.  It
+        must have a write() method.
+
+        Optional mangle_from_ is a flag that, when True (the default), escapes
+        From_ lines in the body of the message by putting a `>' in front of
+        them.
+
+        Optional maxheaderlen specifies the longest length for a non-continued
+        header.  When a header line is longer (in characters, with tabs
+        expanded to 8 spaces) than maxheaderlen, the header will split as
+        defined in the Header class.  Set maxheaderlen to zero to disable
+        header wrapping.  The default is 78, as recommended (but not required)
+        by RFC 2822.
+
+        The policy keyword specifies a policy object that controls a number of
+        aspects of the generator's operation.  The default policy maintains
+        backward compatibility.
+
+        """
+        self._fp = outfp
+        self._mangle_from_ = mangle_from_
+        self.maxheaderlen = maxheaderlen
+        self.policy = policy
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        # Just delegate to the file object
+        self._fp.write(s)
+
+    def flatten(self, msg, unixfrom=False, linesep=None):
+        r"""Print the message object tree rooted at msg to the output file
+        specified when the Generator instance was created.
+
+        unixfrom is a flag that forces the printing of a Unix From_ delimiter
+        before the first object in the message tree.  If the original message
+        has no From_ delimiter, a `standard' one is crafted.  By default, this
+        is False to inhibit the printing of any From_ delimiter.
+
+        Note that for subobjects, no From_ line is printed.
+
+        linesep specifies the characters used to indicate a new line in
+        the output.  The default value is determined by the policy.
+
+        """
+        # We use the _XXX constants for operating on data that comes directly
+        # from the msg, and _encoded_XXX constants for operating on data that
+        # has already been converted (to bytes in the BytesGenerator) and
+        # inserted into a temporary buffer.
+        policy = msg.policy if self.policy is None else self.policy
+        if linesep is not None:
+            policy = policy.clone(linesep=linesep)
+        if self.maxheaderlen is not None:
+            policy = policy.clone(max_line_length=self.maxheaderlen)
+        self._NL = policy.linesep
+        self._encoded_NL = self._encode(self._NL)
+        self._EMPTY = ''
+        self._encoded_EMTPY = self._encode('')
+        # Because we use clone (below) when we recursively process message
+        # subparts, and because clone uses the computed policy (not None),
+        # submessages will automatically get set to the computed policy when
+        # they are processed by this code.
+        old_gen_policy = self.policy
+        old_msg_policy = msg.policy
+        try:
+            self.policy = policy
+            msg.policy = policy
+            if unixfrom:
+                ufrom = msg.get_unixfrom()
+                if not ufrom:
+                    ufrom = 'From nobody ' + time.ctime(time.time())
+                self.write(ufrom + self._NL)
+            self._write(msg)
+        finally:
+            self.policy = old_gen_policy
+            msg.policy = old_msg_policy
+
+    def clone(self, fp):
+        """Clone this generator with the exact same options."""
+        return self.__class__(fp,
+                              self._mangle_from_,
+                              None, # Use policy setting, which we've adjusted
+                              policy=self.policy)
+
+    #
+    # Protected interface - undocumented ;/
+    #
+
+    # Note that we use 'self.write' when what we are writing is coming from
+    # the source, and self._fp.write when what we are writing is coming from a
+    # buffer (because the Bytes subclass has already had a chance to transform
+    # the data in its write method in that case).  This is an entirely
+    # pragmatic split determined by experiment; we could be more general by
+    # always using write and having the Bytes subclass write method detect when
+    # it has already transformed the input; but, since this whole thing is a
+    # hack anyway this seems good enough.
+
+    # Similarly, we have _XXX and _encoded_XXX attributes that are used on
+    # source and buffer data, respectively.
+    _encoded_EMPTY = ''
+
+    def _new_buffer(self):
+        # BytesGenerator overrides this to return BytesIO.
+        return StringIO()
+
+    def _encode(self, s):
+        # BytesGenerator overrides this to encode strings to bytes.
+        return s
+
+    def _write_lines(self, lines):
+        # We have to transform the line endings.
+        if not lines:
+            return
+        lines = lines.splitlines(True)
+        for line in lines[:-1]:
+            self.write(line.rstrip('\r\n'))
+            self.write(self._NL)
+        laststripped = lines[-1].rstrip('\r\n')
+        self.write(laststripped)
+        if len(lines[-1]) != len(laststripped):
+            self.write(self._NL)
+
+    def _write(self, msg):
+        # We can't write the headers yet because of the following scenario:
+        # say a multipart message includes the boundary string somewhere in
+        # its body.  We'd have to calculate the new boundary /before/ we write
+        # the headers so that we can write the correct Content-Type:
+        # parameter.
+        #
+        # The way we do this, so as to make the _handle_*() methods simpler,
+        # is to cache any subpart writes into a buffer.  The we write the
+        # headers and the buffer contents.  That way, subpart handlers can
+        # Do The Right Thing, and can still modify the Content-Type: header if
+        # necessary.
+        oldfp = self._fp
+        try:
+            self._fp = sfp = self._new_buffer()
+            self._dispatch(msg)
+        finally:
+            self._fp = oldfp
+        # Write the headers.  First we see if the message object wants to
+        # handle that itself.  If not, we'll do it generically.
+        meth = getattr(msg, '_write_headers', None)
+        if meth is None:
+            self._write_headers(msg)
+        else:
+            meth(self)
+        self._fp.write(sfp.getvalue())
+
+    def _dispatch(self, msg):
+        # Get the Content-Type: for the message, then try to dispatch to
+        # self._handle_<maintype>_<subtype>().  If there's no handler for the
+        # full MIME type, then dispatch to self._handle_<maintype>().  If
+        # that's missing too, then dispatch to self._writeBody().
+        main = msg.get_content_maintype()
+        sub = msg.get_content_subtype()
+        specific = UNDERSCORE.join((main, sub)).replace('-', '_')
+        meth = getattr(self, '_handle_' + specific, None)
+        if meth is None:
+            generic = main.replace('-', '_')
+            meth = getattr(self, '_handle_' + generic, None)
+            if meth is None:
+                meth = self._writeBody
+        meth(msg)
+
+    #
+    # Default handlers
+    #
+
+    def _write_headers(self, msg):
+        for h, v in msg.raw_items():
+            self.write(self.policy.fold(h, v))
+        # A blank line always separates headers from body
+        self.write(self._NL)
+
+    #
+    # Handlers for writing types and subtypes
+    #
+
+    def _handle_text(self, msg):
+        payload = msg.get_payload()
+        if payload is None:
+            return
+        if not isinstance(payload, str):
+            raise TypeError('string payload expected: %s' % type(payload))
+        if _has_surrogates(msg._payload):
+            charset = msg.get_param('charset')
+            if charset is not None:
+                del msg['content-transfer-encoding']
+                msg.set_payload(payload, charset)
+                payload = msg.get_payload()
+        if self._mangle_from_:
+            payload = fcre.sub('>From ', payload)
+        self._write_lines(payload)
+
+    # Default body handler
+    _writeBody = _handle_text
+
+    def _handle_multipart(self, msg):
+        # The trick here is to write out each part separately, merge them all
+        # together, and then make sure that the boundary we've chosen isn't
+        # present in the payload.
+        msgtexts = []
+        subparts = msg.get_payload()
+        if subparts is None:
+            subparts = []
+        elif isinstance(subparts, str):
+            # e.g. a non-strict parse of a message with no starting boundary.
+            self.write(subparts)
+            return
+        elif not isinstance(subparts, list):
+            # Scalar payload
+            subparts = [subparts]
+        for part in subparts:
+            s = self._new_buffer()
+            g = self.clone(s)
+            g.flatten(part, unixfrom=False, linesep=self._NL)
+            msgtexts.append(s.getvalue())
+        # BAW: What about boundaries that are wrapped in double-quotes?
+        boundary = msg.get_boundary()
+        if not boundary:
+            # Create a boundary that doesn't appear in any of the
+            # message texts.
+            alltext = self._encoded_NL.join(msgtexts)
+            boundary = self._make_boundary(alltext)
+            msg.set_boundary(boundary)
+        # If there's a preamble, write it out, with a trailing CRLF
+        if msg.preamble is not None:
+            if self._mangle_from_:
+                preamble = fcre.sub('>From ', msg.preamble)
+            else:
+                preamble = msg.preamble
+            self._write_lines(preamble)
+            self.write(self._NL)
+        # dash-boundary transport-padding CRLF
+        self.write('--' + boundary + self._NL)
+        # body-part
+        if msgtexts:
+            self._fp.write(msgtexts.pop(0))
+        # *encapsulation
+        # --> delimiter transport-padding
+        # --> CRLF body-part
+        for body_part in msgtexts:
+            # delimiter transport-padding CRLF
+            self.write(self._NL + '--' + boundary + self._NL)
+            # body-part
+            self._fp.write(body_part)
+        # close-delimiter transport-padding
+        self.write(self._NL + '--' + boundary + '--')
+        if msg.epilogue is not None:
+            self.write(self._NL)
+            if self._mangle_from_:
+                epilogue = fcre.sub('>From ', msg.epilogue)
+            else:
+                epilogue = msg.epilogue
+            self._write_lines(epilogue)
+
+    def _handle_multipart_signed(self, msg):
+        # The contents of signed parts has to stay unmodified in order to keep
+        # the signature intact per RFC1847 2.1, so we disable header wrapping.
+        # RDM: This isn't enough to completely preserve the part, but it helps.
+        p = self.policy
+        self.policy = p.clone(max_line_length=0)
+        try:
+            self._handle_multipart(msg)
+        finally:
+            self.policy = p
+
+    def _handle_message_delivery_status(self, msg):
+        # We can't just write the headers directly to self's file object
+        # because this will leave an extra newline between the last header
+        # block and the boundary.  Sigh.
+        blocks = []
+        for part in msg.get_payload():
+            s = self._new_buffer()
+            g = self.clone(s)
+            g.flatten(part, unixfrom=False, linesep=self._NL)
+            text = s.getvalue()
+            lines = text.split(self._encoded_NL)
+            # Strip off the unnecessary trailing empty line
+            if lines and lines[-1] == self._encoded_EMPTY:
+                blocks.append(self._encoded_NL.join(lines[:-1]))
+            else:
+                blocks.append(text)
+        # Now join all the blocks with an empty line.  This has the lovely
+        # effect of separating each block with an empty line, but not adding
+        # an extra one after the last one.
+        self._fp.write(self._encoded_NL.join(blocks))
+
+    def _handle_message(self, msg):
+        s = self._new_buffer()
+        g = self.clone(s)
+        # The payload of a message/rfc822 part should be a multipart sequence
+        # of length 1.  The zeroth element of the list should be the Message
+        # object for the subpart.  Extract that object, stringify it, and
+        # write it out.
+        # Except, it turns out, when it's a string instead, which happens when
+        # and only when HeaderParser is used on a message of mime type
+        # message/rfc822.  Such messages are generated by, for example,
+        # Groupwise when forwarding unadorned messages.  (Issue 7970.)  So
+        # in that case we just emit the string body.
+        payload = msg._payload
+        if isinstance(payload, list):
+            g.flatten(msg.get_payload(0), unixfrom=False, linesep=self._NL)
+            payload = s.getvalue()
+        else:
+            payload = self._encode(payload)
+        self._fp.write(payload)
+
+    # This used to be a module level function; we use a classmethod for this
+    # and _compile_re so we can continue to provide the module level function
+    # for backward compatibility by doing
+    #   _make_boudary = Generator._make_boundary
+    # at the end of the module.  It *is* internal, so we could drop that...
+    @classmethod
+    def _make_boundary(cls, text=None):
+        # Craft a random boundary.  If text is given, ensure that the chosen
+        # boundary doesn't appear in the text.
+        token = random.randrange(sys.maxsize)
+        boundary = ('=' * 15) + (_fmt % token) + '=='
+        if text is None:
+            return boundary
+        b = boundary
+        counter = 0
+        while True:
+            cre = cls._compile_re('^--' + re.escape(b) + '(--)?$', re.MULTILINE)
+            if not cre.search(text):
+                break
+            b = boundary + '.' + str(counter)
+            counter += 1
+        return b
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _compile_re(cls, s, flags):
+        return re.compile(s, flags)
+
+class BytesGenerator(Generator):
+    """Generates a bytes version of a Message object tree.
+
+    Functionally identical to the base Generator except that the output is
+    bytes and not string.  When surrogates were used in the input to encode
+    bytes, these are decoded back to bytes for output.  If the policy has
+    cte_type set to 7bit, then the message is transformed such that the
+    non-ASCII bytes are properly content transfer encoded, using the charset
+    unknown-8bit.
+
+    The outfp object must accept bytes in its write method.
+    """
+
+    # Bytes versions of this constant for use in manipulating data from
+    # the BytesIO buffer.
+    _encoded_EMPTY = b''
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        self._fp.write(str(s).encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+    def _new_buffer(self):
+        return BytesIO()
+
+    def _encode(self, s):
+        return s.encode('ascii')
+
+    def _write_headers(self, msg):
+        # This is almost the same as the string version, except for handling
+        # strings with 8bit bytes.
+        for h, v in msg.raw_items():
+            self._fp.write(self.policy.fold_binary(h, v))
+        # A blank line always separates headers from body
+        self.write(self._NL)
+
+    def _handle_text(self, msg):
+        # If the string has surrogates the original source was bytes, so
+        # just write it back out.
+        if msg._payload is None:
+            return
+        if _has_surrogates(msg._payload) and not self.policy.cte_type=='7bit':
+            if self._mangle_from_:
+                msg._payload = fcre.sub(">From ", msg._payload)
+            self._write_lines(msg._payload)
+        else:
+            super(BytesGenerator,self)._handle_text(msg)
+
+    # Default body handler
+    _writeBody = _handle_text
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _compile_re(cls, s, flags):
+        return re.compile(s.encode('ascii'), flags)
+
+
+_FMT = '[Non-text (%(type)s) part of message omitted, filename %(filename)s]'
+
+class DecodedGenerator(Generator):
+    """Generates a text representation of a message.
+
+    Like the Generator base class, except that non-text parts are substituted
+    with a format string representing the part.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, outfp, mangle_from_=True, maxheaderlen=78, fmt=None):
+        """Like Generator.__init__() except that an additional optional
+        argument is allowed.
+
+        Walks through all subparts of a message.  If the subpart is of main
+        type `text', then it prints the decoded payload of the subpart.
+
+        Otherwise, fmt is a format string that is used instead of the message
+        payload.  fmt is expanded with the following keywords (in
+        %(keyword)s format):
+
+        type       : Full MIME type of the non-text part
+        maintype   : Main MIME type of the non-text part
+        subtype    : Sub-MIME type of the non-text part
+        filename   : Filename of the non-text part
+        description: Description associated with the non-text part
+        encoding   : Content transfer encoding of the non-text part
+
+        The default value for fmt is None, meaning
+
+        [Non-text (%(type)s) part of message omitted, filename %(filename)s]
+        """
+        Generator.__init__(self, outfp, mangle_from_, maxheaderlen)
+        if fmt is None:
+            self._fmt = _FMT
+        else:
+            self._fmt = fmt
+
+    def _dispatch(self, msg):
+        for part in msg.walk():
+            maintype = part.get_content_maintype()
+            if maintype == 'text':
+                print(part.get_payload(decode=False), file=self)
+            elif maintype == 'multipart':
+                # Just skip this
+                pass
+            else:
+                print(self._fmt % {
+                    'type'       : part.get_content_type(),
+                    'maintype'   : part.get_content_maintype(),
+                    'subtype'    : part.get_content_subtype(),
+                    'filename'   : part.get_filename('[no filename]'),
+                    'description': part.get('Content-Description',
+                                            '[no description]'),
+                    'encoding'   : part.get('Content-Transfer-Encoding',
+                                            '[no encoding]'),
+                    }, file=self)
+
+
+# Helper used by Generator._make_boundary
+_width = len(repr(sys.maxsize-1))
+_fmt = '%%0%dd' % _width
+
+# Backward compatibility
+_make_boundary = Generator._make_boundary
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/header.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/header.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63bf038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/header.py
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Ben Gertzfield, Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Header encoding and decoding functionality."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import bytes, range, str, super, zip
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Header',
+    'decode_header',
+    'make_header',
+    ]
+
+import re
+import binascii
+
+from future.backports import email
+from future.backports.email import base64mime
+from future.backports.email.errors import HeaderParseError
+import future.backports.email.charset as _charset
+
+# Helpers
+from future.backports.email.quoprimime import _max_append, header_decode
+
+Charset = _charset.Charset
+
+NL = '\n'
+SPACE = ' '
+BSPACE = b' '
+SPACE8 = ' ' * 8
+EMPTYSTRING = ''
+MAXLINELEN = 78
+FWS = ' \t'
+
+USASCII = Charset('us-ascii')
+UTF8 = Charset('utf-8')
+
+# Match encoded-word strings in the form =?charset?q?Hello_World?=
+ecre = re.compile(r'''
+  =\?                   # literal =?
+  (?P<charset>[^?]*?)   # non-greedy up to the next ? is the charset
+  \?                    # literal ?
+  (?P<encoding>[qb])    # either a "q" or a "b", case insensitive
+  \?                    # literal ?
+  (?P<encoded>.*?)      # non-greedy up to the next ?= is the encoded string
+  \?=                   # literal ?=
+  ''', re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE)
+
+# Field name regexp, including trailing colon, but not separating whitespace,
+# according to RFC 2822.  Character range is from tilde to exclamation mark.
+# For use with .match()
+fcre = re.compile(r'[\041-\176]+:$')
+
+# Find a header embedded in a putative header value.  Used to check for
+# header injection attack.
+_embeded_header = re.compile(r'\n[^ \t]+:')
+
+
+def decode_header(header):
+    """Decode a message header value without converting charset.
+
+    Returns a list of (string, charset) pairs containing each of the decoded
+    parts of the header.  Charset is None for non-encoded parts of the header,
+    otherwise a lower-case string containing the name of the character set
+    specified in the encoded string.
+
+    header may be a string that may or may not contain RFC2047 encoded words,
+    or it may be a Header object.
+
+    An email.errors.HeaderParseError may be raised when certain decoding error
+    occurs (e.g. a base64 decoding exception).
+    """
+    # If it is a Header object, we can just return the encoded chunks.
+    if hasattr(header, '_chunks'):
+        return [(_charset._encode(string, str(charset)), str(charset))
+                    for string, charset in header._chunks]
+    # If no encoding, just return the header with no charset.
+    if not ecre.search(header):
+        return [(header, None)]
+    # First step is to parse all the encoded parts into triplets of the form
+    # (encoded_string, encoding, charset).  For unencoded strings, the last
+    # two parts will be None.
+    words = []
+    for line in header.splitlines():
+        parts = ecre.split(line)
+        first = True
+        while parts:
+            unencoded = parts.pop(0)
+            if first:
+                unencoded = unencoded.lstrip()
+                first = False
+            if unencoded:
+                words.append((unencoded, None, None))
+            if parts:
+                charset = parts.pop(0).lower()
+                encoding = parts.pop(0).lower()
+                encoded = parts.pop(0)
+                words.append((encoded, encoding, charset))
+    # Now loop over words and remove words that consist of whitespace
+    # between two encoded strings.
+    import sys
+    droplist = []
+    for n, w in enumerate(words):
+        if n>1 and w[1] and words[n-2][1] and words[n-1][0].isspace():
+            droplist.append(n-1)
+    for d in reversed(droplist):
+        del words[d]
+
+    # The next step is to decode each encoded word by applying the reverse
+    # base64 or quopri transformation.  decoded_words is now a list of the
+    # form (decoded_word, charset).
+    decoded_words = []
+    for encoded_string, encoding, charset in words:
+        if encoding is None:
+            # This is an unencoded word.
+            decoded_words.append((encoded_string, charset))
+        elif encoding == 'q':
+            word = header_decode(encoded_string)
+            decoded_words.append((word, charset))
+        elif encoding == 'b':
+            paderr = len(encoded_string) % 4   # Postel's law: add missing padding
+            if paderr:
+                encoded_string += '==='[:4 - paderr]
+            try:
+                word = base64mime.decode(encoded_string)
+            except binascii.Error:
+                raise HeaderParseError('Base64 decoding error')
+            else:
+                decoded_words.append((word, charset))
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError('Unexpected encoding: ' + encoding)
+    # Now convert all words to bytes and collapse consecutive runs of
+    # similarly encoded words.
+    collapsed = []
+    last_word = last_charset = None
+    for word, charset in decoded_words:
+        if isinstance(word, str):
+            word = bytes(word, 'raw-unicode-escape')
+        if last_word is None:
+            last_word = word
+            last_charset = charset
+        elif charset != last_charset:
+            collapsed.append((last_word, last_charset))
+            last_word = word
+            last_charset = charset
+        elif last_charset is None:
+            last_word += BSPACE + word
+        else:
+            last_word += word
+    collapsed.append((last_word, last_charset))
+    return collapsed
+
+
+def make_header(decoded_seq, maxlinelen=None, header_name=None,
+                continuation_ws=' '):
+    """Create a Header from a sequence of pairs as returned by decode_header()
+
+    decode_header() takes a header value string and returns a sequence of
+    pairs of the format (decoded_string, charset) where charset is the string
+    name of the character set.
+
+    This function takes one of those sequence of pairs and returns a Header
+    instance.  Optional maxlinelen, header_name, and continuation_ws are as in
+    the Header constructor.
+    """
+    h = Header(maxlinelen=maxlinelen, header_name=header_name,
+               continuation_ws=continuation_ws)
+    for s, charset in decoded_seq:
+        # None means us-ascii but we can simply pass it on to h.append()
+        if charset is not None and not isinstance(charset, Charset):
+            charset = Charset(charset)
+        h.append(s, charset)
+    return h
+
+
+class Header(object):
+    def __init__(self, s=None, charset=None,
+                 maxlinelen=None, header_name=None,
+                 continuation_ws=' ', errors='strict'):
+        """Create a MIME-compliant header that can contain many character sets.
+
+        Optional s is the initial header value.  If None, the initial header
+        value is not set.  You can later append to the header with .append()
+        method calls.  s may be a byte string or a Unicode string, but see the
+        .append() documentation for semantics.
+
+        Optional charset serves two purposes: it has the same meaning as the
+        charset argument to the .append() method.  It also sets the default
+        character set for all subsequent .append() calls that omit the charset
+        argument.  If charset is not provided in the constructor, the us-ascii
+        charset is used both as s's initial charset and as the default for
+        subsequent .append() calls.
+
+        The maximum line length can be specified explicitly via maxlinelen. For
+        splitting the first line to a shorter value (to account for the field
+        header which isn't included in s, e.g. `Subject') pass in the name of
+        the field in header_name.  The default maxlinelen is 78 as recommended
+        by RFC 2822.
+
+        continuation_ws must be RFC 2822 compliant folding whitespace (usually
+        either a space or a hard tab) which will be prepended to continuation
+        lines.
+
+        errors is passed through to the .append() call.
+        """
+        if charset is None:
+            charset = USASCII
+        elif not isinstance(charset, Charset):
+            charset = Charset(charset)
+        self._charset = charset
+        self._continuation_ws = continuation_ws
+        self._chunks = []
+        if s is not None:
+            self.append(s, charset, errors)
+        if maxlinelen is None:
+            maxlinelen = MAXLINELEN
+        self._maxlinelen = maxlinelen
+        if header_name is None:
+            self._headerlen = 0
+        else:
+            # Take the separating colon and space into account.
+            self._headerlen = len(header_name) + 2
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Return the string value of the header."""
+        self._normalize()
+        uchunks = []
+        lastcs = None
+        lastspace = None
+        for string, charset in self._chunks:
+            # We must preserve spaces between encoded and non-encoded word
+            # boundaries, which means for us we need to add a space when we go
+            # from a charset to None/us-ascii, or from None/us-ascii to a
+            # charset.  Only do this for the second and subsequent chunks.
+            # Don't add a space if the None/us-ascii string already has
+            # a space (trailing or leading depending on transition)
+            nextcs = charset
+            if nextcs == _charset.UNKNOWN8BIT:
+                original_bytes = string.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+                string = original_bytes.decode('ascii', 'replace')
+            if uchunks:
+                hasspace = string and self._nonctext(string[0])
+                if lastcs not in (None, 'us-ascii'):
+                    if nextcs in (None, 'us-ascii') and not hasspace:
+                        uchunks.append(SPACE)
+                        nextcs = None
+                elif nextcs not in (None, 'us-ascii') and not lastspace:
+                    uchunks.append(SPACE)
+            lastspace = string and self._nonctext(string[-1])
+            lastcs = nextcs
+            uchunks.append(string)
+        return EMPTYSTRING.join(uchunks)
+
+    # Rich comparison operators for equality only.  BAW: does it make sense to
+    # have or explicitly disable <, <=, >, >= operators?
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        # other may be a Header or a string.  Both are fine so coerce
+        # ourselves to a unicode (of the unencoded header value), swap the
+        # args and do another comparison.
+        return other == str(self)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def append(self, s, charset=None, errors='strict'):
+        """Append a string to the MIME header.
+
+        Optional charset, if given, should be a Charset instance or the name
+        of a character set (which will be converted to a Charset instance).  A
+        value of None (the default) means that the charset given in the
+        constructor is used.
+
+        s may be a byte string or a Unicode string.  If it is a byte string
+        (i.e. isinstance(s, str) is false), then charset is the encoding of
+        that byte string, and a UnicodeError will be raised if the string
+        cannot be decoded with that charset.  If s is a Unicode string, then
+        charset is a hint specifying the character set of the characters in
+        the string.  In either case, when producing an RFC 2822 compliant
+        header using RFC 2047 rules, the string will be encoded using the
+        output codec of the charset.  If the string cannot be encoded to the
+        output codec, a UnicodeError will be raised.
+
+        Optional `errors' is passed as the errors argument to the decode
+        call if s is a byte string.
+        """
+        if charset is None:
+            charset = self._charset
+        elif not isinstance(charset, Charset):
+            charset = Charset(charset)
+        if not isinstance(s, str):
+            input_charset = charset.input_codec or 'us-ascii'
+            if input_charset == _charset.UNKNOWN8BIT:
+                s = s.decode('us-ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+            else:
+                s = s.decode(input_charset, errors)
+        # Ensure that the bytes we're storing can be decoded to the output
+        # character set, otherwise an early error is raised.
+        output_charset = charset.output_codec or 'us-ascii'
+        if output_charset != _charset.UNKNOWN8BIT:
+            try:
+                s.encode(output_charset, errors)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                if output_charset!='us-ascii':
+                    raise
+                charset = UTF8
+        self._chunks.append((s, charset))
+
+    def _nonctext(self, s):
+        """True if string s is not a ctext character of RFC822.
+        """
+        return s.isspace() or s in ('(', ')', '\\')
+
+    def encode(self, splitchars=';, \t', maxlinelen=None, linesep='\n'):
+        r"""Encode a message header into an RFC-compliant format.
+
+        There are many issues involved in converting a given string for use in
+        an email header.  Only certain character sets are readable in most
+        email clients, and as header strings can only contain a subset of
+        7-bit ASCII, care must be taken to properly convert and encode (with
+        Base64 or quoted-printable) header strings.  In addition, there is a
+        75-character length limit on any given encoded header field, so
+        line-wrapping must be performed, even with double-byte character sets.
+
+        Optional maxlinelen specifies the maximum length of each generated
+        line, exclusive of the linesep string.  Individual lines may be longer
+        than maxlinelen if a folding point cannot be found.  The first line
+        will be shorter by the length of the header name plus ": " if a header
+        name was specified at Header construction time.  The default value for
+        maxlinelen is determined at header construction time.
+
+        Optional splitchars is a string containing characters which should be
+        given extra weight by the splitting algorithm during normal header
+        wrapping.  This is in very rough support of RFC 2822's `higher level
+        syntactic breaks':  split points preceded by a splitchar are preferred
+        during line splitting, with the characters preferred in the order in
+        which they appear in the string.  Space and tab may be included in the
+        string to indicate whether preference should be given to one over the
+        other as a split point when other split chars do not appear in the line
+        being split.  Splitchars does not affect RFC 2047 encoded lines.
+
+        Optional linesep is a string to be used to separate the lines of
+        the value.  The default value is the most useful for typical
+        Python applications, but it can be set to \r\n to produce RFC-compliant
+        line separators when needed.
+        """
+        self._normalize()
+        if maxlinelen is None:
+            maxlinelen = self._maxlinelen
+        # A maxlinelen of 0 means don't wrap.  For all practical purposes,
+        # choosing a huge number here accomplishes that and makes the
+        # _ValueFormatter algorithm much simpler.
+        if maxlinelen == 0:
+            maxlinelen = 1000000
+        formatter = _ValueFormatter(self._headerlen, maxlinelen,
+                                    self._continuation_ws, splitchars)
+        lastcs = None
+        hasspace = lastspace = None
+        for string, charset in self._chunks:
+            if hasspace is not None:
+                hasspace = string and self._nonctext(string[0])
+                import sys
+                if lastcs not in (None, 'us-ascii'):
+                    if not hasspace or charset not in (None, 'us-ascii'):
+                        formatter.add_transition()
+                elif charset not in (None, 'us-ascii') and not lastspace:
+                    formatter.add_transition()
+            lastspace = string and self._nonctext(string[-1])
+            lastcs = charset
+            hasspace = False
+            lines = string.splitlines()
+            if lines:
+                formatter.feed('', lines[0], charset)
+            else:
+                formatter.feed('', '', charset)
+            for line in lines[1:]:
+                formatter.newline()
+                if charset.header_encoding is not None:
+                    formatter.feed(self._continuation_ws, ' ' + line.lstrip(),
+                                   charset)
+                else:
+                    sline = line.lstrip()
+                    fws = line[:len(line)-len(sline)]
+                    formatter.feed(fws, sline, charset)
+            if len(lines) > 1:
+                formatter.newline()
+        if self._chunks:
+            formatter.add_transition()
+        value = formatter._str(linesep)
+        if _embeded_header.search(value):
+            raise HeaderParseError("header value appears to contain "
+                "an embedded header: {!r}".format(value))
+        return value
+
+    def _normalize(self):
+        # Step 1: Normalize the chunks so that all runs of identical charsets
+        # get collapsed into a single unicode string.
+        chunks = []
+        last_charset = None
+        last_chunk = []
+        for string, charset in self._chunks:
+            if charset == last_charset:
+                last_chunk.append(string)
+            else:
+                if last_charset is not None:
+                    chunks.append((SPACE.join(last_chunk), last_charset))
+                last_chunk = [string]
+                last_charset = charset
+        if last_chunk:
+            chunks.append((SPACE.join(last_chunk), last_charset))
+        self._chunks = chunks
+
+
+class _ValueFormatter(object):
+    def __init__(self, headerlen, maxlen, continuation_ws, splitchars):
+        self._maxlen = maxlen
+        self._continuation_ws = continuation_ws
+        self._continuation_ws_len = len(continuation_ws)
+        self._splitchars = splitchars
+        self._lines = []
+        self._current_line = _Accumulator(headerlen)
+
+    def _str(self, linesep):
+        self.newline()
+        return linesep.join(self._lines)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self._str(NL)
+
+    def newline(self):
+        end_of_line = self._current_line.pop()
+        if end_of_line != (' ', ''):
+            self._current_line.push(*end_of_line)
+        if len(self._current_line) > 0:
+            if self._current_line.is_onlyws():
+                self._lines[-1] += str(self._current_line)
+            else:
+                self._lines.append(str(self._current_line))
+        self._current_line.reset()
+
+    def add_transition(self):
+        self._current_line.push(' ', '')
+
+    def feed(self, fws, string, charset):
+        # If the charset has no header encoding (i.e. it is an ASCII encoding)
+        # then we must split the header at the "highest level syntactic break"
+        # possible. Note that we don't have a lot of smarts about field
+        # syntax; we just try to break on semi-colons, then commas, then
+        # whitespace.  Eventually, this should be pluggable.
+        if charset.header_encoding is None:
+            self._ascii_split(fws, string, self._splitchars)
+            return
+        # Otherwise, we're doing either a Base64 or a quoted-printable
+        # encoding which means we don't need to split the line on syntactic
+        # breaks.  We can basically just find enough characters to fit on the
+        # current line, minus the RFC 2047 chrome.  What makes this trickier
+        # though is that we have to split at octet boundaries, not character
+        # boundaries but it's only safe to split at character boundaries so at
+        # best we can only get close.
+        encoded_lines = charset.header_encode_lines(string, self._maxlengths())
+        # The first element extends the current line, but if it's None then
+        # nothing more fit on the current line so start a new line.
+        try:
+            first_line = encoded_lines.pop(0)
+        except IndexError:
+            # There are no encoded lines, so we're done.
+            return
+        if first_line is not None:
+            self._append_chunk(fws, first_line)
+        try:
+            last_line = encoded_lines.pop()
+        except IndexError:
+            # There was only one line.
+            return
+        self.newline()
+        self._current_line.push(self._continuation_ws, last_line)
+        # Everything else are full lines in themselves.
+        for line in encoded_lines:
+            self._lines.append(self._continuation_ws + line)
+
+    def _maxlengths(self):
+        # The first line's length.
+        yield self._maxlen - len(self._current_line)
+        while True:
+            yield self._maxlen - self._continuation_ws_len
+
+    def _ascii_split(self, fws, string, splitchars):
+        # The RFC 2822 header folding algorithm is simple in principle but
+        # complex in practice.  Lines may be folded any place where "folding
+        # white space" appears by inserting a linesep character in front of the
+        # FWS.  The complication is that not all spaces or tabs qualify as FWS,
+        # and we are also supposed to prefer to break at "higher level
+        # syntactic breaks".  We can't do either of these without intimate
+        # knowledge of the structure of structured headers, which we don't have
+        # here.  So the best we can do here is prefer to break at the specified
+        # splitchars, and hope that we don't choose any spaces or tabs that
+        # aren't legal FWS.  (This is at least better than the old algorithm,
+        # where we would sometimes *introduce* FWS after a splitchar, or the
+        # algorithm before that, where we would turn all white space runs into
+        # single spaces or tabs.)
+        parts = re.split("(["+FWS+"]+)", fws+string)
+        if parts[0]:
+            parts[:0] = ['']
+        else:
+            parts.pop(0)
+        for fws, part in zip(*[iter(parts)]*2):
+            self._append_chunk(fws, part)
+
+    def _append_chunk(self, fws, string):
+        self._current_line.push(fws, string)
+        if len(self._current_line) > self._maxlen:
+            # Find the best split point, working backward from the end.
+            # There might be none, on a long first line.
+            for ch in self._splitchars:
+                for i in range(self._current_line.part_count()-1, 0, -1):
+                    if ch.isspace():
+                        fws = self._current_line[i][0]
+                        if fws and fws[0]==ch:
+                            break
+                    prevpart = self._current_line[i-1][1]
+                    if prevpart and prevpart[-1]==ch:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    continue
+                break
+            else:
+                fws, part = self._current_line.pop()
+                if self._current_line._initial_size > 0:
+                    # There will be a header, so leave it on a line by itself.
+                    self.newline()
+                    if not fws:
+                        # We don't use continuation_ws here because the whitespace
+                        # after a header should always be a space.
+                        fws = ' '
+                self._current_line.push(fws, part)
+                return
+            remainder = self._current_line.pop_from(i)
+            self._lines.append(str(self._current_line))
+            self._current_line.reset(remainder)
+
+
+class _Accumulator(list):
+
+    def __init__(self, initial_size=0):
+        self._initial_size = initial_size
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def push(self, fws, string):
+        self.append((fws, string))
+
+    def pop_from(self, i=0):
+        popped = self[i:]
+        self[i:] = []
+        return popped
+
+    def pop(self):
+        if self.part_count()==0:
+            return ('', '')
+        return super().pop()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return sum((len(fws)+len(part) for fws, part in self),
+                   self._initial_size)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return EMPTYSTRING.join((EMPTYSTRING.join((fws, part))
+                                for fws, part in self))
+
+    def reset(self, startval=None):
+        if startval is None:
+            startval = []
+        self[:] = startval
+        self._initial_size = 0
+
+    def is_onlyws(self):
+        return self._initial_size==0 and (not self or str(self).isspace())
+
+    def part_count(self):
+        return super().__len__()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/headerregistry.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/headerregistry.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9aaad65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/headerregistry.py
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+"""Representing and manipulating email headers via custom objects.
+
+This module provides an implementation of the HeaderRegistry API.
+The implementation is designed to flexibly follow RFC5322 rules.
+
+Eventually HeaderRegistry will be a public API, but it isn't yet,
+and will probably change some before that happens.
+
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.builtins import super
+from future.builtins import str
+from future.utils import text_to_native_str
+from future.backports.email import utils
+from future.backports.email import errors
+from future.backports.email import _header_value_parser as parser
+
+class Address(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, display_name='', username='', domain='', addr_spec=None):
+        """Create an object represeting a full email address.
+
+        An address can have a 'display_name', a 'username', and a 'domain'.  In
+        addition to specifying the username and domain separately, they may be
+        specified together by using the addr_spec keyword *instead of* the
+        username and domain keywords.  If an addr_spec string is specified it
+        must be properly quoted according to RFC 5322 rules; an error will be
+        raised if it is not.
+
+        An Address object has display_name, username, domain, and addr_spec
+        attributes, all of which are read-only.  The addr_spec and the string
+        value of the object are both quoted according to RFC5322 rules, but
+        without any Content Transfer Encoding.
+
+        """
+        # This clause with its potential 'raise' may only happen when an
+        # application program creates an Address object using an addr_spec
+        # keyword.  The email library code itself must always supply username
+        # and domain.
+        if addr_spec is not None:
+            if username or domain:
+                raise TypeError("addrspec specified when username and/or "
+                                "domain also specified")
+            a_s, rest = parser.get_addr_spec(addr_spec)
+            if rest:
+                raise ValueError("Invalid addr_spec; only '{}' "
+                                 "could be parsed from '{}'".format(
+                                    a_s, addr_spec))
+            if a_s.all_defects:
+                raise a_s.all_defects[0]
+            username = a_s.local_part
+            domain = a_s.domain
+        self._display_name = display_name
+        self._username = username
+        self._domain = domain
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        return self._display_name
+
+    @property
+    def username(self):
+        return self._username
+
+    @property
+    def domain(self):
+        return self._domain
+
+    @property
+    def addr_spec(self):
+        """The addr_spec (username@domain) portion of the address, quoted
+        according to RFC 5322 rules, but with no Content Transfer Encoding.
+        """
+        nameset = set(self.username)
+        if len(nameset) > len(nameset-parser.DOT_ATOM_ENDS):
+            lp = parser.quote_string(self.username)
+        else:
+            lp = self.username
+        if self.domain:
+            return lp + '@' + self.domain
+        if not lp:
+            return '<>'
+        return lp
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Address(display_name={!r}, username={!r}, domain={!r})".format(
+                        self.display_name, self.username, self.domain)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        nameset = set(self.display_name)
+        if len(nameset) > len(nameset-parser.SPECIALS):
+            disp = parser.quote_string(self.display_name)
+        else:
+            disp = self.display_name
+        if disp:
+            addr_spec = '' if self.addr_spec=='<>' else self.addr_spec
+            return "{} <{}>".format(disp, addr_spec)
+        return self.addr_spec
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if type(other) != type(self):
+            return False
+        return (self.display_name == other.display_name and
+                self.username == other.username and
+                self.domain == other.domain)
+
+
+class Group(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, display_name=None, addresses=None):
+        """Create an object representing an address group.
+
+        An address group consists of a display_name followed by colon and an
+        list of addresses (see Address) terminated by a semi-colon.  The Group
+        is created by specifying a display_name and a possibly empty list of
+        Address objects.  A Group can also be used to represent a single
+        address that is not in a group, which is convenient when manipulating
+        lists that are a combination of Groups and individual Addresses.  In
+        this case the display_name should be set to None.  In particular, the
+        string representation of a Group whose display_name is None is the same
+        as the Address object, if there is one and only one Address object in
+        the addresses list.
+
+        """
+        self._display_name = display_name
+        self._addresses = tuple(addresses) if addresses else tuple()
+
+    @property
+    def display_name(self):
+        return self._display_name
+
+    @property
+    def addresses(self):
+        return self._addresses
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "Group(display_name={!r}, addresses={!r}".format(
+                 self.display_name, self.addresses)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self.display_name is None and len(self.addresses)==1:
+            return str(self.addresses[0])
+        disp = self.display_name
+        if disp is not None:
+            nameset = set(disp)
+            if len(nameset) > len(nameset-parser.SPECIALS):
+                disp = parser.quote_string(disp)
+        adrstr = ", ".join(str(x) for x in self.addresses)
+        adrstr = ' ' + adrstr if adrstr else adrstr
+        return "{}:{};".format(disp, adrstr)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if type(other) != type(self):
+            return False
+        return (self.display_name == other.display_name and
+                self.addresses == other.addresses)
+
+
+# Header Classes #
+
+class BaseHeader(str):
+
+    """Base class for message headers.
+
+    Implements generic behavior and provides tools for subclasses.
+
+    A subclass must define a classmethod named 'parse' that takes an unfolded
+    value string and a dictionary as its arguments.  The dictionary will
+    contain one key, 'defects', initialized to an empty list.  After the call
+    the dictionary must contain two additional keys: parse_tree, set to the
+    parse tree obtained from parsing the header, and 'decoded', set to the
+    string value of the idealized representation of the data from the value.
+    (That is, encoded words are decoded, and values that have canonical
+    representations are so represented.)
+
+    The defects key is intended to collect parsing defects, which the message
+    parser will subsequently dispose of as appropriate.  The parser should not,
+    insofar as practical, raise any errors.  Defects should be added to the
+    list instead.  The standard header parsers register defects for RFC
+    compliance issues, for obsolete RFC syntax, and for unrecoverable parsing
+    errors.
+
+    The parse method may add additional keys to the dictionary.  In this case
+    the subclass must define an 'init' method, which will be passed the
+    dictionary as its keyword arguments.  The method should use (usually by
+    setting them as the value of similarly named attributes) and remove all the
+    extra keys added by its parse method, and then use super to call its parent
+    class with the remaining arguments and keywords.
+
+    The subclass should also make sure that a 'max_count' attribute is defined
+    that is either None or 1. XXX: need to better define this API.
+
+    """
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, value):
+        kwds = {'defects': []}
+        cls.parse(value, kwds)
+        if utils._has_surrogates(kwds['decoded']):
+            kwds['decoded'] = utils._sanitize(kwds['decoded'])
+        self = str.__new__(cls, kwds['decoded'])
+        # del kwds['decoded']
+        self.init(name, **kwds)
+        return self
+
+    def init(self, name, **_3to2kwargs):
+        defects = _3to2kwargs['defects']; del _3to2kwargs['defects']
+        parse_tree = _3to2kwargs['parse_tree']; del _3to2kwargs['parse_tree']
+        self._name = name
+        self._parse_tree = parse_tree
+        self._defects = defects
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def defects(self):
+        return tuple(self._defects)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (
+            _reconstruct_header,
+            (
+                self.__class__.__name__,
+                self.__class__.__bases__,
+                str(self),
+            ),
+            self.__dict__)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _reconstruct(cls, value):
+        return str.__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def fold(self, **_3to2kwargs):
+        policy = _3to2kwargs['policy']; del _3to2kwargs['policy']
+        """Fold header according to policy.
+
+        The parsed representation of the header is folded according to
+        RFC5322 rules, as modified by the policy.  If the parse tree
+        contains surrogateescaped bytes, the bytes are CTE encoded using
+        the charset 'unknown-8bit".
+
+        Any non-ASCII characters in the parse tree are CTE encoded using
+        charset utf-8. XXX: make this a policy setting.
+
+        The returned value is an ASCII-only string possibly containing linesep
+        characters, and ending with a linesep character.  The string includes
+        the header name and the ': ' separator.
+
+        """
+        # At some point we need to only put fws here if it was in the source.
+        header = parser.Header([
+            parser.HeaderLabel([
+                parser.ValueTerminal(self.name, 'header-name'),
+                parser.ValueTerminal(':', 'header-sep')]),
+            parser.CFWSList([parser.WhiteSpaceTerminal(' ', 'fws')]),
+                             self._parse_tree])
+        return header.fold(policy=policy)
+
+
+def _reconstruct_header(cls_name, bases, value):
+    return type(text_to_native_str(cls_name), bases, {})._reconstruct(value)
+
+
+class UnstructuredHeader(object):
+
+    max_count = None
+    value_parser = staticmethod(parser.get_unstructured)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, value, kwds):
+        kwds['parse_tree'] = cls.value_parser(value)
+        kwds['decoded'] = str(kwds['parse_tree'])
+
+
+class UniqueUnstructuredHeader(UnstructuredHeader):
+
+    max_count = 1
+
+
+class DateHeader(object):
+
+    """Header whose value consists of a single timestamp.
+
+    Provides an additional attribute, datetime, which is either an aware
+    datetime using a timezone, or a naive datetime if the timezone
+    in the input string is -0000.  Also accepts a datetime as input.
+    The 'value' attribute is the normalized form of the timestamp,
+    which means it is the output of format_datetime on the datetime.
+    """
+
+    max_count = None
+
+    # This is used only for folding, not for creating 'decoded'.
+    value_parser = staticmethod(parser.get_unstructured)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, value, kwds):
+        if not value:
+            kwds['defects'].append(errors.HeaderMissingRequiredValue())
+            kwds['datetime'] = None
+            kwds['decoded'] = ''
+            kwds['parse_tree'] = parser.TokenList()
+            return
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            value = utils.parsedate_to_datetime(value)
+        kwds['datetime'] = value
+        kwds['decoded'] = utils.format_datetime(kwds['datetime'])
+        kwds['parse_tree'] = cls.value_parser(kwds['decoded'])
+
+    def init(self, *args, **kw):
+        self._datetime = kw.pop('datetime')
+        super().init(*args, **kw)
+
+    @property
+    def datetime(self):
+        return self._datetime
+
+
+class UniqueDateHeader(DateHeader):
+
+    max_count = 1
+
+
+class AddressHeader(object):
+
+    max_count = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def value_parser(value):
+        address_list, value = parser.get_address_list(value)
+        assert not value, 'this should not happen'
+        return address_list
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, value, kwds):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            # We are translating here from the RFC language (address/mailbox)
+            # to our API language (group/address).
+            kwds['parse_tree'] = address_list = cls.value_parser(value)
+            groups = []
+            for addr in address_list.addresses:
+                groups.append(Group(addr.display_name,
+                                    [Address(mb.display_name or '',
+                                             mb.local_part or '',
+                                             mb.domain or '')
+                                     for mb in addr.all_mailboxes]))
+            defects = list(address_list.all_defects)
+        else:
+            # Assume it is Address/Group stuff
+            if not hasattr(value, '__iter__'):
+                value = [value]
+            groups = [Group(None, [item]) if not hasattr(item, 'addresses')
+                                          else item
+                                    for item in value]
+            defects = []
+        kwds['groups'] = groups
+        kwds['defects'] = defects
+        kwds['decoded'] = ', '.join([str(item) for item in groups])
+        if 'parse_tree' not in kwds:
+            kwds['parse_tree'] = cls.value_parser(kwds['decoded'])
+
+    def init(self, *args, **kw):
+        self._groups = tuple(kw.pop('groups'))
+        self._addresses = None
+        super().init(*args, **kw)
+
+    @property
+    def groups(self):
+        return self._groups
+
+    @property
+    def addresses(self):
+        if self._addresses is None:
+            self._addresses = tuple([address for group in self._groups
+                                             for address in group.addresses])
+        return self._addresses
+
+
+class UniqueAddressHeader(AddressHeader):
+
+    max_count = 1
+
+
+class SingleAddressHeader(AddressHeader):
+
+    @property
+    def address(self):
+        if len(self.addresses)!=1:
+            raise ValueError(("value of single address header {} is not "
+                "a single address").format(self.name))
+        return self.addresses[0]
+
+
+class UniqueSingleAddressHeader(SingleAddressHeader):
+
+    max_count = 1
+
+
+class MIMEVersionHeader(object):
+
+    max_count = 1
+
+    value_parser = staticmethod(parser.parse_mime_version)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, value, kwds):
+        kwds['parse_tree'] = parse_tree = cls.value_parser(value)
+        kwds['decoded'] = str(parse_tree)
+        kwds['defects'].extend(parse_tree.all_defects)
+        kwds['major'] = None if parse_tree.minor is None else parse_tree.major
+        kwds['minor'] = parse_tree.minor
+        if parse_tree.minor is not None:
+            kwds['version'] = '{}.{}'.format(kwds['major'], kwds['minor'])
+        else:
+            kwds['version'] = None
+
+    def init(self, *args, **kw):
+        self._version = kw.pop('version')
+        self._major = kw.pop('major')
+        self._minor = kw.pop('minor')
+        super().init(*args, **kw)
+
+    @property
+    def major(self):
+        return self._major
+
+    @property
+    def minor(self):
+        return self._minor
+
+    @property
+    def version(self):
+        return self._version
+
+
+class ParameterizedMIMEHeader(object):
+
+    # Mixin that handles the params dict.  Must be subclassed and
+    # a property value_parser for the specific header provided.
+
+    max_count = 1
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, value, kwds):
+        kwds['parse_tree'] = parse_tree = cls.value_parser(value)
+        kwds['decoded'] = str(parse_tree)
+        kwds['defects'].extend(parse_tree.all_defects)
+        if parse_tree.params is None:
+            kwds['params'] = {}
+        else:
+            # The MIME RFCs specify that parameter ordering is arbitrary.
+            kwds['params'] = dict((utils._sanitize(name).lower(),
+                                   utils._sanitize(value))
+                                  for name, value in parse_tree.params)
+
+    def init(self, *args, **kw):
+        self._params = kw.pop('params')
+        super().init(*args, **kw)
+
+    @property
+    def params(self):
+        return self._params.copy()
+
+
+class ContentTypeHeader(ParameterizedMIMEHeader):
+
+    value_parser = staticmethod(parser.parse_content_type_header)
+
+    def init(self, *args, **kw):
+        super().init(*args, **kw)
+        self._maintype = utils._sanitize(self._parse_tree.maintype)
+        self._subtype = utils._sanitize(self._parse_tree.subtype)
+
+    @property
+    def maintype(self):
+        return self._maintype
+
+    @property
+    def subtype(self):
+        return self._subtype
+
+    @property
+    def content_type(self):
+        return self.maintype + '/' + self.subtype
+
+
+class ContentDispositionHeader(ParameterizedMIMEHeader):
+
+    value_parser = staticmethod(parser.parse_content_disposition_header)
+
+    def init(self, *args, **kw):
+        super().init(*args, **kw)
+        cd = self._parse_tree.content_disposition
+        self._content_disposition = cd if cd is None else utils._sanitize(cd)
+
+    @property
+    def content_disposition(self):
+        return self._content_disposition
+
+
+class ContentTransferEncodingHeader(object):
+
+    max_count = 1
+
+    value_parser = staticmethod(parser.parse_content_transfer_encoding_header)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, value, kwds):
+        kwds['parse_tree'] = parse_tree = cls.value_parser(value)
+        kwds['decoded'] = str(parse_tree)
+        kwds['defects'].extend(parse_tree.all_defects)
+
+    def init(self, *args, **kw):
+        super().init(*args, **kw)
+        self._cte = utils._sanitize(self._parse_tree.cte)
+
+    @property
+    def cte(self):
+        return self._cte
+
+
+# The header factory #
+
+_default_header_map = {
+    'subject':                      UniqueUnstructuredHeader,
+    'date':                         UniqueDateHeader,
+    'resent-date':                  DateHeader,
+    'orig-date':                    UniqueDateHeader,
+    'sender':                       UniqueSingleAddressHeader,
+    'resent-sender':                SingleAddressHeader,
+    'to':                           UniqueAddressHeader,
+    'resent-to':                    AddressHeader,
+    'cc':                           UniqueAddressHeader,
+    'resent-cc':                    AddressHeader,
+    'bcc':                          UniqueAddressHeader,
+    'resent-bcc':                   AddressHeader,
+    'from':                         UniqueAddressHeader,
+    'resent-from':                  AddressHeader,
+    'reply-to':                     UniqueAddressHeader,
+    'mime-version':                 MIMEVersionHeader,
+    'content-type':                 ContentTypeHeader,
+    'content-disposition':          ContentDispositionHeader,
+    'content-transfer-encoding':    ContentTransferEncodingHeader,
+    }
+
+class HeaderRegistry(object):
+
+    """A header_factory and header registry."""
+
+    def __init__(self, base_class=BaseHeader, default_class=UnstructuredHeader,
+                       use_default_map=True):
+        """Create a header_factory that works with the Policy API.
+
+        base_class is the class that will be the last class in the created
+        header class's __bases__ list.  default_class is the class that will be
+        used if "name" (see __call__) does not appear in the registry.
+        use_default_map controls whether or not the default mapping of names to
+        specialized classes is copied in to the registry when the factory is
+        created.  The default is True.
+
+        """
+        self.registry = {}
+        self.base_class = base_class
+        self.default_class = default_class
+        if use_default_map:
+            self.registry.update(_default_header_map)
+
+    def map_to_type(self, name, cls):
+        """Register cls as the specialized class for handling "name" headers.
+
+        """
+        self.registry[name.lower()] = cls
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        cls = self.registry.get(name.lower(), self.default_class)
+        return type(text_to_native_str('_'+cls.__name__), (cls, self.base_class), {})
+
+    def __call__(self, name, value):
+        """Create a header instance for header 'name' from 'value'.
+
+        Creates a header instance by creating a specialized class for parsing
+        and representing the specified header by combining the factory
+        base_class with a specialized class from the registry or the
+        default_class, and passing the name and value to the constructed
+        class's constructor.
+
+        """
+        return self[name](name, value)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/iterators.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/iterators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82d320f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/iterators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Various types of useful iterators and generators."""
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = [
+    'body_line_iterator',
+    'typed_subpart_iterator',
+    'walk',
+    # Do not include _structure() since it's part of the debugging API.
+    ]
+
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+
+
+# This function will become a method of the Message class
+def walk(self):
+    """Walk over the message tree, yielding each subpart.
+
+    The walk is performed in depth-first order.  This method is a
+    generator.
+    """
+    yield self
+    if self.is_multipart():
+        for subpart in self.get_payload():
+            for subsubpart in subpart.walk():
+                yield subsubpart
+
+
+# These two functions are imported into the Iterators.py interface module.
+def body_line_iterator(msg, decode=False):
+    """Iterate over the parts, returning string payloads line-by-line.
+
+    Optional decode (default False) is passed through to .get_payload().
+    """
+    for subpart in msg.walk():
+        payload = subpart.get_payload(decode=decode)
+        if isinstance(payload, str):
+            for line in StringIO(payload):
+                yield line
+
+
+def typed_subpart_iterator(msg, maintype='text', subtype=None):
+    """Iterate over the subparts with a given MIME type.
+
+    Use `maintype' as the main MIME type to match against; this defaults to
+    "text".  Optional `subtype' is the MIME subtype to match against; if
+    omitted, only the main type is matched.
+    """
+    for subpart in msg.walk():
+        if subpart.get_content_maintype() == maintype:
+            if subtype is None or subpart.get_content_subtype() == subtype:
+                yield subpart
+
+
+def _structure(msg, fp=None, level=0, include_default=False):
+    """A handy debugging aid"""
+    if fp is None:
+        fp = sys.stdout
+    tab = ' ' * (level * 4)
+    print(tab + msg.get_content_type(), end='', file=fp)
+    if include_default:
+        print(' [%s]' % msg.get_default_type(), file=fp)
+    else:
+        print(file=fp)
+    if msg.is_multipart():
+        for subpart in msg.get_payload():
+            _structure(subpart, fp, level+1, include_default)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/message.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/message.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8d9615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/message.py
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Basic message object for the email package object model."""
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import list, range, str, zip
+
+__all__ = ['Message']
+
+import re
+import uu
+import base64
+import binascii
+from io import BytesIO, StringIO
+
+# Intrapackage imports
+from future.utils import as_native_str
+from future.backports.email import utils
+from future.backports.email import errors
+from future.backports.email._policybase import compat32
+from future.backports.email import charset as _charset
+from future.backports.email._encoded_words import decode_b
+Charset = _charset.Charset
+
+SEMISPACE = '; '
+
+# Regular expression that matches `special' characters in parameters, the
+# existence of which force quoting of the parameter value.
+tspecials = re.compile(r'[ \(\)<>@,;:\\"/\[\]\?=]')
+
+
+def _splitparam(param):
+    # Split header parameters.  BAW: this may be too simple.  It isn't
+    # strictly RFC 2045 (section 5.1) compliant, but it catches most headers
+    # found in the wild.  We may eventually need a full fledged parser.
+    # RDM: we might have a Header here; for now just stringify it.
+    a, sep, b = str(param).partition(';')
+    if not sep:
+        return a.strip(), None
+    return a.strip(), b.strip()
+
+def _formatparam(param, value=None, quote=True):
+    """Convenience function to format and return a key=value pair.
+
+    This will quote the value if needed or if quote is true.  If value is a
+    three tuple (charset, language, value), it will be encoded according
+    to RFC2231 rules.  If it contains non-ascii characters it will likewise
+    be encoded according to RFC2231 rules, using the utf-8 charset and
+    a null language.
+    """
+    if value is not None and len(value) > 0:
+        # A tuple is used for RFC 2231 encoded parameter values where items
+        # are (charset, language, value).  charset is a string, not a Charset
+        # instance.  RFC 2231 encoded values are never quoted, per RFC.
+        if isinstance(value, tuple):
+            # Encode as per RFC 2231
+            param += '*'
+            value = utils.encode_rfc2231(value[2], value[0], value[1])
+            return '%s=%s' % (param, value)
+        else:
+            try:
+                value.encode('ascii')
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                param += '*'
+                value = utils.encode_rfc2231(value, 'utf-8', '')
+                return '%s=%s' % (param, value)
+        # BAW: Please check this.  I think that if quote is set it should
+        # force quoting even if not necessary.
+        if quote or tspecials.search(value):
+            return '%s="%s"' % (param, utils.quote(value))
+        else:
+            return '%s=%s' % (param, value)
+    else:
+        return param
+
+def _parseparam(s):
+    # RDM This might be a Header, so for now stringify it.
+    s = ';' + str(s)
+    plist = []
+    while s[:1] == ';':
+        s = s[1:]
+        end = s.find(';')
+        while end > 0 and (s.count('"', 0, end) - s.count('\\"', 0, end)) % 2:
+            end = s.find(';', end + 1)
+        if end < 0:
+            end = len(s)
+        f = s[:end]
+        if '=' in f:
+            i = f.index('=')
+            f = f[:i].strip().lower() + '=' + f[i+1:].strip()
+        plist.append(f.strip())
+        s = s[end:]
+    return plist
+
+
+def _unquotevalue(value):
+    # This is different than utils.collapse_rfc2231_value() because it doesn't
+    # try to convert the value to a unicode.  Message.get_param() and
+    # Message.get_params() are both currently defined to return the tuple in
+    # the face of RFC 2231 parameters.
+    if isinstance(value, tuple):
+        return value[0], value[1], utils.unquote(value[2])
+    else:
+        return utils.unquote(value)
+
+
+class Message(object):
+    """Basic message object.
+
+    A message object is defined as something that has a bunch of RFC 2822
+    headers and a payload.  It may optionally have an envelope header
+    (a.k.a. Unix-From or From_ header).  If the message is a container (i.e. a
+    multipart or a message/rfc822), then the payload is a list of Message
+    objects, otherwise it is a string.
+
+    Message objects implement part of the `mapping' interface, which assumes
+    there is exactly one occurrence of the header per message.  Some headers
+    do in fact appear multiple times (e.g. Received) and for those headers,
+    you must use the explicit API to set or get all the headers.  Not all of
+    the mapping methods are implemented.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, policy=compat32):
+        self.policy = policy
+        self._headers = list()
+        self._unixfrom = None
+        self._payload = None
+        self._charset = None
+        # Defaults for multipart messages
+        self.preamble = self.epilogue = None
+        self.defects = []
+        # Default content type
+        self._default_type = 'text/plain'
+
+    @as_native_str(encoding='utf-8')
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Return the entire formatted message as a string.
+        This includes the headers, body, and envelope header.
+        """
+        return self.as_string()
+
+    def as_string(self, unixfrom=False, maxheaderlen=0):
+        """Return the entire formatted message as a (unicode) string.
+        Optional `unixfrom' when True, means include the Unix From_ envelope
+        header.
+
+        This is a convenience method and may not generate the message exactly
+        as you intend.  For more flexibility, use the flatten() method of a
+        Generator instance.
+        """
+        from future.backports.email.generator import Generator
+        fp = StringIO()
+        g = Generator(fp, mangle_from_=False, maxheaderlen=maxheaderlen)
+        g.flatten(self, unixfrom=unixfrom)
+        return fp.getvalue()
+
+    def is_multipart(self):
+        """Return True if the message consists of multiple parts."""
+        return isinstance(self._payload, list)
+
+    #
+    # Unix From_ line
+    #
+    def set_unixfrom(self, unixfrom):
+        self._unixfrom = unixfrom
+
+    def get_unixfrom(self):
+        return self._unixfrom
+
+    #
+    # Payload manipulation.
+    #
+    def attach(self, payload):
+        """Add the given payload to the current payload.
+
+        The current payload will always be a list of objects after this method
+        is called.  If you want to set the payload to a scalar object, use
+        set_payload() instead.
+        """
+        if self._payload is None:
+            self._payload = [payload]
+        else:
+            self._payload.append(payload)
+
+    def get_payload(self, i=None, decode=False):
+        """Return a reference to the payload.
+
+        The payload will either be a list object or a string.  If you mutate
+        the list object, you modify the message's payload in place.  Optional
+        i returns that index into the payload.
+
+        Optional decode is a flag indicating whether the payload should be
+        decoded or not, according to the Content-Transfer-Encoding header
+        (default is False).
+
+        When True and the message is not a multipart, the payload will be
+        decoded if this header's value is `quoted-printable' or `base64'.  If
+        some other encoding is used, or the header is missing, or if the
+        payload has bogus data (i.e. bogus base64 or uuencoded data), the
+        payload is returned as-is.
+
+        If the message is a multipart and the decode flag is True, then None
+        is returned.
+        """
+        # Here is the logic table for this code, based on the email5.0.0 code:
+        #   i     decode  is_multipart  result
+        # ------  ------  ------------  ------------------------------
+        #  None   True    True          None
+        #   i     True    True          None
+        #  None   False   True          _payload (a list)
+        #   i     False   True          _payload element i (a Message)
+        #   i     False   False         error (not a list)
+        #   i     True    False         error (not a list)
+        #  None   False   False         _payload
+        #  None   True    False         _payload decoded (bytes)
+        # Note that Barry planned to factor out the 'decode' case, but that
+        # isn't so easy now that we handle the 8 bit data, which needs to be
+        # converted in both the decode and non-decode path.
+        if self.is_multipart():
+            if decode:
+                return None
+            if i is None:
+                return self._payload
+            else:
+                return self._payload[i]
+        # For backward compatibility, Use isinstance and this error message
+        # instead of the more logical is_multipart test.
+        if i is not None and not isinstance(self._payload, list):
+            raise TypeError('Expected list, got %s' % type(self._payload))
+        payload = self._payload
+        # cte might be a Header, so for now stringify it.
+        cte = str(self.get('content-transfer-encoding', '')).lower()
+        # payload may be bytes here.
+        if isinstance(payload, str):
+            payload = str(payload)    # for Python-Future, so surrogateescape works
+            if utils._has_surrogates(payload):
+                bpayload = payload.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+                if not decode:
+                    try:
+                        payload = bpayload.decode(self.get_param('charset', 'ascii'), 'replace')
+                    except LookupError:
+                        payload = bpayload.decode('ascii', 'replace')
+            elif decode:
+                try:
+                    bpayload = payload.encode('ascii')
+                except UnicodeError:
+                    # This won't happen for RFC compliant messages (messages
+                    # containing only ASCII codepoints in the unicode input).
+                    # If it does happen, turn the string into bytes in a way
+                    # guaranteed not to fail.
+                    bpayload = payload.encode('raw-unicode-escape')
+        if not decode:
+            return payload
+        if cte == 'quoted-printable':
+            return utils._qdecode(bpayload)
+        elif cte == 'base64':
+            # XXX: this is a bit of a hack; decode_b should probably be factored
+            # out somewhere, but I haven't figured out where yet.
+            value, defects = decode_b(b''.join(bpayload.splitlines()))
+            for defect in defects:
+                self.policy.handle_defect(self, defect)
+            return value
+        elif cte in ('x-uuencode', 'uuencode', 'uue', 'x-uue'):
+            in_file = BytesIO(bpayload)
+            out_file = BytesIO()
+            try:
+                uu.decode(in_file, out_file, quiet=True)
+                return out_file.getvalue()
+            except uu.Error:
+                # Some decoding problem
+                return bpayload
+        if isinstance(payload, str):
+            return bpayload
+        return payload
+
+    def set_payload(self, payload, charset=None):
+        """Set the payload to the given value.
+
+        Optional charset sets the message's default character set.  See
+        set_charset() for details.
+        """
+        self._payload = payload
+        if charset is not None:
+            self.set_charset(charset)
+
+    def set_charset(self, charset):
+        """Set the charset of the payload to a given character set.
+
+        charset can be a Charset instance, a string naming a character set, or
+        None.  If it is a string it will be converted to a Charset instance.
+        If charset is None, the charset parameter will be removed from the
+        Content-Type field.  Anything else will generate a TypeError.
+
+        The message will be assumed to be of type text/* encoded with
+        charset.input_charset.  It will be converted to charset.output_charset
+        and encoded properly, if needed, when generating the plain text
+        representation of the message.  MIME headers (MIME-Version,
+        Content-Type, Content-Transfer-Encoding) will be added as needed.
+        """
+        if charset is None:
+            self.del_param('charset')
+            self._charset = None
+            return
+        if not isinstance(charset, Charset):
+            charset = Charset(charset)
+        self._charset = charset
+        if 'MIME-Version' not in self:
+            self.add_header('MIME-Version', '1.0')
+        if 'Content-Type' not in self:
+            self.add_header('Content-Type', 'text/plain',
+                            charset=charset.get_output_charset())
+        else:
+            self.set_param('charset', charset.get_output_charset())
+        if charset != charset.get_output_charset():
+            self._payload = charset.body_encode(self._payload)
+        if 'Content-Transfer-Encoding' not in self:
+            cte = charset.get_body_encoding()
+            try:
+                cte(self)
+            except TypeError:
+                self._payload = charset.body_encode(self._payload)
+                self.add_header('Content-Transfer-Encoding', cte)
+
+    def get_charset(self):
+        """Return the Charset instance associated with the message's payload.
+        """
+        return self._charset
+
+    #
+    # MAPPING INTERFACE (partial)
+    #
+    def __len__(self):
+        """Return the total number of headers, including duplicates."""
+        return len(self._headers)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        """Get a header value.
+
+        Return None if the header is missing instead of raising an exception.
+
+        Note that if the header appeared multiple times, exactly which
+        occurrence gets returned is undefined.  Use get_all() to get all
+        the values matching a header field name.
+        """
+        return self.get(name)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, name, val):
+        """Set the value of a header.
+
+        Note: this does not overwrite an existing header with the same field
+        name.  Use __delitem__() first to delete any existing headers.
+        """
+        max_count = self.policy.header_max_count(name)
+        if max_count:
+            lname = name.lower()
+            found = 0
+            for k, v in self._headers:
+                if k.lower() == lname:
+                    found += 1
+                    if found >= max_count:
+                        raise ValueError("There may be at most {} {} headers "
+                                         "in a message".format(max_count, name))
+        self._headers.append(self.policy.header_store_parse(name, val))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, name):
+        """Delete all occurrences of a header, if present.
+
+        Does not raise an exception if the header is missing.
+        """
+        name = name.lower()
+        newheaders = list()
+        for k, v in self._headers:
+            if k.lower() != name:
+                newheaders.append((k, v))
+        self._headers = newheaders
+
+    def __contains__(self, name):
+        return name.lower() in [k.lower() for k, v in self._headers]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for field, value in self._headers:
+            yield field
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """Return a list of all the message's header field names.
+
+        These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
+        message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
+        Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
+        list.
+        """
+        return [k for k, v in self._headers]
+
+    def values(self):
+        """Return a list of all the message's header values.
+
+        These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
+        message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
+        Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
+        list.
+        """
+        return [self.policy.header_fetch_parse(k, v)
+                for k, v in self._headers]
+
+    def items(self):
+        """Get all the message's header fields and values.
+
+        These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
+        message, or were added to the message, and may contain duplicates.
+        Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
+        list.
+        """
+        return [(k, self.policy.header_fetch_parse(k, v))
+                for k, v in self._headers]
+
+    def get(self, name, failobj=None):
+        """Get a header value.
+
+        Like __getitem__() but return failobj instead of None when the field
+        is missing.
+        """
+        name = name.lower()
+        for k, v in self._headers:
+            if k.lower() == name:
+                return self.policy.header_fetch_parse(k, v)
+        return failobj
+
+    #
+    # "Internal" methods (public API, but only intended for use by a parser
+    # or generator, not normal application code.
+    #
+
+    def set_raw(self, name, value):
+        """Store name and value in the model without modification.
+
+        This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a parser.
+        """
+        self._headers.append((name, value))
+
+    def raw_items(self):
+        """Return the (name, value) header pairs without modification.
+
+        This is an "internal" API, intended only for use by a generator.
+        """
+        return iter(self._headers.copy())
+
+    #
+    # Additional useful stuff
+    #
+
+    def get_all(self, name, failobj=None):
+        """Return a list of all the values for the named field.
+
+        These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original
+        message, and may contain duplicates.  Any fields deleted and
+        re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
+
+        If no such fields exist, failobj is returned (defaults to None).
+        """
+        values = []
+        name = name.lower()
+        for k, v in self._headers:
+            if k.lower() == name:
+                values.append(self.policy.header_fetch_parse(k, v))
+        if not values:
+            return failobj
+        return values
+
+    def add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params):
+        """Extended header setting.
+
+        name is the header field to add.  keyword arguments can be used to set
+        additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
+        to dashes.  Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
+        value is None, in which case only the key will be added.  If a
+        parameter value contains non-ASCII characters it can be specified as a
+        three-tuple of (charset, language, value), in which case it will be
+        encoded according to RFC2231 rules.  Otherwise it will be encoded using
+        the utf-8 charset and a language of ''.
+
+        Examples:
+
+        msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
+        msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
+                       filename=('utf-8', '', 'Fußballer.ppt'))
+        msg.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
+                       filename='Fußballer.ppt'))
+        """
+        parts = []
+        for k, v in _params.items():
+            if v is None:
+                parts.append(k.replace('_', '-'))
+            else:
+                parts.append(_formatparam(k.replace('_', '-'), v))
+        if _value is not None:
+            parts.insert(0, _value)
+        self[_name] = SEMISPACE.join(parts)
+
+    def replace_header(self, _name, _value):
+        """Replace a header.
+
+        Replace the first matching header found in the message, retaining
+        header order and case.  If no matching header was found, a KeyError is
+        raised.
+        """
+        _name = _name.lower()
+        for i, (k, v) in zip(range(len(self._headers)), self._headers):
+            if k.lower() == _name:
+                self._headers[i] = self.policy.header_store_parse(k, _value)
+                break
+        else:
+            raise KeyError(_name)
+
+    #
+    # Use these three methods instead of the three above.
+    #
+
+    def get_content_type(self):
+        """Return the message's content type.
+
+        The returned string is coerced to lower case of the form
+        `maintype/subtype'.  If there was no Content-Type header in the
+        message, the default type as given by get_default_type() will be
+        returned.  Since according to RFC 2045, messages always have a default
+        type this will always return a value.
+
+        RFC 2045 defines a message's default type to be text/plain unless it
+        appears inside a multipart/digest container, in which case it would be
+        message/rfc822.
+        """
+        missing = object()
+        value = self.get('content-type', missing)
+        if value is missing:
+            # This should have no parameters
+            return self.get_default_type()
+        ctype = _splitparam(value)[0].lower()
+        # RFC 2045, section 5.2 says if its invalid, use text/plain
+        if ctype.count('/') != 1:
+            return 'text/plain'
+        return ctype
+
+    def get_content_maintype(self):
+        """Return the message's main content type.
+
+        This is the `maintype' part of the string returned by
+        get_content_type().
+        """
+        ctype = self.get_content_type()
+        return ctype.split('/')[0]
+
+    def get_content_subtype(self):
+        """Returns the message's sub-content type.
+
+        This is the `subtype' part of the string returned by
+        get_content_type().
+        """
+        ctype = self.get_content_type()
+        return ctype.split('/')[1]
+
+    def get_default_type(self):
+        """Return the `default' content type.
+
+        Most messages have a default content type of text/plain, except for
+        messages that are subparts of multipart/digest containers.  Such
+        subparts have a default content type of message/rfc822.
+        """
+        return self._default_type
+
+    def set_default_type(self, ctype):
+        """Set the `default' content type.
+
+        ctype should be either "text/plain" or "message/rfc822", although this
+        is not enforced.  The default content type is not stored in the
+        Content-Type header.
+        """
+        self._default_type = ctype
+
+    def _get_params_preserve(self, failobj, header):
+        # Like get_params() but preserves the quoting of values.  BAW:
+        # should this be part of the public interface?
+        missing = object()
+        value = self.get(header, missing)
+        if value is missing:
+            return failobj
+        params = []
+        for p in _parseparam(value):
+            try:
+                name, val = p.split('=', 1)
+                name = name.strip()
+                val = val.strip()
+            except ValueError:
+                # Must have been a bare attribute
+                name = p.strip()
+                val = ''
+            params.append((name, val))
+        params = utils.decode_params(params)
+        return params
+
+    def get_params(self, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True):
+        """Return the message's Content-Type parameters, as a list.
+
+        The elements of the returned list are 2-tuples of key/value pairs, as
+        split on the `=' sign.  The left hand side of the `=' is the key,
+        while the right hand side is the value.  If there is no `=' sign in
+        the parameter the value is the empty string.  The value is as
+        described in the get_param() method.
+
+        Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
+        header.  Optional header is the header to search instead of
+        Content-Type.  If unquote is True, the value is unquoted.
+        """
+        missing = object()
+        params = self._get_params_preserve(missing, header)
+        if params is missing:
+            return failobj
+        if unquote:
+            return [(k, _unquotevalue(v)) for k, v in params]
+        else:
+            return params
+
+    def get_param(self, param, failobj=None, header='content-type',
+                  unquote=True):
+        """Return the parameter value if found in the Content-Type header.
+
+        Optional failobj is the object to return if there is no Content-Type
+        header, or the Content-Type header has no such parameter.  Optional
+        header is the header to search instead of Content-Type.
+
+        Parameter keys are always compared case insensitively.  The return
+        value can either be a string, or a 3-tuple if the parameter was RFC
+        2231 encoded.  When it's a 3-tuple, the elements of the value are of
+        the form (CHARSET, LANGUAGE, VALUE).  Note that both CHARSET and
+        LANGUAGE can be None, in which case you should consider VALUE to be
+        encoded in the us-ascii charset.  You can usually ignore LANGUAGE.
+        The parameter value (either the returned string, or the VALUE item in
+        the 3-tuple) is always unquoted, unless unquote is set to False.
+
+        If your application doesn't care whether the parameter was RFC 2231
+        encoded, it can turn the return value into a string as follows:
+
+            param = msg.get_param('foo')
+            param = email.utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(rawparam)
+
+        """
+        if header not in self:
+            return failobj
+        for k, v in self._get_params_preserve(failobj, header):
+            if k.lower() == param.lower():
+                if unquote:
+                    return _unquotevalue(v)
+                else:
+                    return v
+        return failobj
+
+    def set_param(self, param, value, header='Content-Type', requote=True,
+                  charset=None, language=''):
+        """Set a parameter in the Content-Type header.
+
+        If the parameter already exists in the header, its value will be
+        replaced with the new value.
+
+        If header is Content-Type and has not yet been defined for this
+        message, it will be set to "text/plain" and the new parameter and
+        value will be appended as per RFC 2045.
+
+        An alternate header can specified in the header argument, and all
+        parameters will be quoted as necessary unless requote is False.
+
+        If charset is specified, the parameter will be encoded according to RFC
+        2231.  Optional language specifies the RFC 2231 language, defaulting
+        to the empty string.  Both charset and language should be strings.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(value, tuple) and charset:
+            value = (charset, language, value)
+
+        if header not in self and header.lower() == 'content-type':
+            ctype = 'text/plain'
+        else:
+            ctype = self.get(header)
+        if not self.get_param(param, header=header):
+            if not ctype:
+                ctype = _formatparam(param, value, requote)
+            else:
+                ctype = SEMISPACE.join(
+                    [ctype, _formatparam(param, value, requote)])
+        else:
+            ctype = ''
+            for old_param, old_value in self.get_params(header=header,
+                                                        unquote=requote):
+                append_param = ''
+                if old_param.lower() == param.lower():
+                    append_param = _formatparam(param, value, requote)
+                else:
+                    append_param = _formatparam(old_param, old_value, requote)
+                if not ctype:
+                    ctype = append_param
+                else:
+                    ctype = SEMISPACE.join([ctype, append_param])
+        if ctype != self.get(header):
+            del self[header]
+            self[header] = ctype
+
+    def del_param(self, param, header='content-type', requote=True):
+        """Remove the given parameter completely from the Content-Type header.
+
+        The header will be re-written in place without the parameter or its
+        value. All values will be quoted as necessary unless requote is
+        False.  Optional header specifies an alternative to the Content-Type
+        header.
+        """
+        if header not in self:
+            return
+        new_ctype = ''
+        for p, v in self.get_params(header=header, unquote=requote):
+            if p.lower() != param.lower():
+                if not new_ctype:
+                    new_ctype = _formatparam(p, v, requote)
+                else:
+                    new_ctype = SEMISPACE.join([new_ctype,
+                                                _formatparam(p, v, requote)])
+        if new_ctype != self.get(header):
+            del self[header]
+            self[header] = new_ctype
+
+    def set_type(self, type, header='Content-Type', requote=True):
+        """Set the main type and subtype for the Content-Type header.
+
+        type must be a string in the form "maintype/subtype", otherwise a
+        ValueError is raised.
+
+        This method replaces the Content-Type header, keeping all the
+        parameters in place.  If requote is False, this leaves the existing
+        header's quoting as is.  Otherwise, the parameters will be quoted (the
+        default).
+
+        An alternative header can be specified in the header argument.  When
+        the Content-Type header is set, we'll always also add a MIME-Version
+        header.
+        """
+        # BAW: should we be strict?
+        if not type.count('/') == 1:
+            raise ValueError
+        # Set the Content-Type, you get a MIME-Version
+        if header.lower() == 'content-type':
+            del self['mime-version']
+            self['MIME-Version'] = '1.0'
+        if header not in self:
+            self[header] = type
+            return
+        params = self.get_params(header=header, unquote=requote)
+        del self[header]
+        self[header] = type
+        # Skip the first param; it's the old type.
+        for p, v in params[1:]:
+            self.set_param(p, v, header, requote)
+
+    def get_filename(self, failobj=None):
+        """Return the filename associated with the payload if present.
+
+        The filename is extracted from the Content-Disposition header's
+        `filename' parameter, and it is unquoted.  If that header is missing
+        the `filename' parameter, this method falls back to looking for the
+        `name' parameter.
+        """
+        missing = object()
+        filename = self.get_param('filename', missing, 'content-disposition')
+        if filename is missing:
+            filename = self.get_param('name', missing, 'content-type')
+        if filename is missing:
+            return failobj
+        return utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(filename).strip()
+
+    def get_boundary(self, failobj=None):
+        """Return the boundary associated with the payload if present.
+
+        The boundary is extracted from the Content-Type header's `boundary'
+        parameter, and it is unquoted.
+        """
+        missing = object()
+        boundary = self.get_param('boundary', missing)
+        if boundary is missing:
+            return failobj
+        # RFC 2046 says that boundaries may begin but not end in w/s
+        return utils.collapse_rfc2231_value(boundary).rstrip()
+
+    def set_boundary(self, boundary):
+        """Set the boundary parameter in Content-Type to 'boundary'.
+
+        This is subtly different than deleting the Content-Type header and
+        adding a new one with a new boundary parameter via add_header().  The
+        main difference is that using the set_boundary() method preserves the
+        order of the Content-Type header in the original message.
+
+        HeaderParseError is raised if the message has no Content-Type header.
+        """
+        missing = object()
+        params = self._get_params_preserve(missing, 'content-type')
+        if params is missing:
+            # There was no Content-Type header, and we don't know what type
+            # to set it to, so raise an exception.
+            raise errors.HeaderParseError('No Content-Type header found')
+        newparams = list()
+        foundp = False
+        for pk, pv in params:
+            if pk.lower() == 'boundary':
+                newparams.append(('boundary', '"%s"' % boundary))
+                foundp = True
+            else:
+                newparams.append((pk, pv))
+        if not foundp:
+            # The original Content-Type header had no boundary attribute.
+            # Tack one on the end.  BAW: should we raise an exception
+            # instead???
+            newparams.append(('boundary', '"%s"' % boundary))
+        # Replace the existing Content-Type header with the new value
+        newheaders = list()
+        for h, v in self._headers:
+            if h.lower() == 'content-type':
+                parts = list()
+                for k, v in newparams:
+                    if v == '':
+                        parts.append(k)
+                    else:
+                        parts.append('%s=%s' % (k, v))
+                val = SEMISPACE.join(parts)
+                newheaders.append(self.policy.header_store_parse(h, val))
+
+            else:
+                newheaders.append((h, v))
+        self._headers = newheaders
+
+    def get_content_charset(self, failobj=None):
+        """Return the charset parameter of the Content-Type header.
+
+        The returned string is always coerced to lower case.  If there is no
+        Content-Type header, or if that header has no charset parameter,
+        failobj is returned.
+        """
+        missing = object()
+        charset = self.get_param('charset', missing)
+        if charset is missing:
+            return failobj
+        if isinstance(charset, tuple):
+            # RFC 2231 encoded, so decode it, and it better end up as ascii.
+            pcharset = charset[0] or 'us-ascii'
+            try:
+                # LookupError will be raised if the charset isn't known to
+                # Python.  UnicodeError will be raised if the encoded text
+                # contains a character not in the charset.
+                as_bytes = charset[2].encode('raw-unicode-escape')
+                charset = str(as_bytes, pcharset)
+            except (LookupError, UnicodeError):
+                charset = charset[2]
+        # charset characters must be in us-ascii range
+        try:
+            charset.encode('us-ascii')
+        except UnicodeError:
+            return failobj
+        # RFC 2046, $4.1.2 says charsets are not case sensitive
+        return charset.lower()
+
+    def get_charsets(self, failobj=None):
+        """Return a list containing the charset(s) used in this message.
+
+        The returned list of items describes the Content-Type headers'
+        charset parameter for this message and all the subparts in its
+        payload.
+
+        Each item will either be a string (the value of the charset parameter
+        in the Content-Type header of that part) or the value of the
+        'failobj' parameter (defaults to None), if the part does not have a
+        main MIME type of "text", or the charset is not defined.
+
+        The list will contain one string for each part of the message, plus
+        one for the container message (i.e. self), so that a non-multipart
+        message will still return a list of length 1.
+        """
+        return [part.get_content_charset(failobj) for part in self.walk()]
+
+    # I.e. def walk(self): ...
+    from future.backports.email.iterators import walk
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/application.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/application.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cbfb17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/application.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Keith Dart
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Class representing application/* type MIME documents."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.backports.email import encoders
+from future.backports.email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart
+
+__all__ = ["MIMEApplication"]
+
+
+class MIMEApplication(MIMENonMultipart):
+    """Class for generating application/* MIME documents."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _data, _subtype='octet-stream',
+                 _encoder=encoders.encode_base64, **_params):
+        """Create an application/* type MIME document.
+
+        _data is a string containing the raw application data.
+
+        _subtype is the MIME content type subtype, defaulting to
+        'octet-stream'.
+
+        _encoder is a function which will perform the actual encoding for
+        transport of the application data, defaulting to base64 encoding.
+
+        Any additional keyword arguments are passed to the base class
+        constructor, which turns them into parameters on the Content-Type
+        header.
+        """
+        if _subtype is None:
+            raise TypeError('Invalid application MIME subtype')
+        MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'application', _subtype, **_params)
+        self.set_payload(_data)
+        _encoder(self)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/audio.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/audio.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4989c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/audio.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Anthony Baxter
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Class representing audio/* type MIME documents."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = ['MIMEAudio']
+
+import sndhdr
+
+from io import BytesIO
+from future.backports.email import encoders
+from future.backports.email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart
+
+
+_sndhdr_MIMEmap = {'au'  : 'basic',
+                   'wav' :'x-wav',
+                   'aiff':'x-aiff',
+                   'aifc':'x-aiff',
+                   }
+
+# There are others in sndhdr that don't have MIME types. :(
+# Additional ones to be added to sndhdr? midi, mp3, realaudio, wma??
+def _whatsnd(data):
+    """Try to identify a sound file type.
+
+    sndhdr.what() has a pretty cruddy interface, unfortunately.  This is why
+    we re-do it here.  It would be easier to reverse engineer the Unix 'file'
+    command and use the standard 'magic' file, as shipped with a modern Unix.
+    """
+    hdr = data[:512]
+    fakefile = BytesIO(hdr)
+    for testfn in sndhdr.tests:
+        res = testfn(hdr, fakefile)
+        if res is not None:
+            return _sndhdr_MIMEmap.get(res[0])
+    return None
+
+
+class MIMEAudio(MIMENonMultipart):
+    """Class for generating audio/* MIME documents."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _audiodata, _subtype=None,
+                 _encoder=encoders.encode_base64, **_params):
+        """Create an audio/* type MIME document.
+
+        _audiodata is a string containing the raw audio data.  If this data
+        can be decoded by the standard Python `sndhdr' module, then the
+        subtype will be automatically included in the Content-Type header.
+        Otherwise, you can specify  the specific audio subtype via the
+        _subtype parameter.  If _subtype is not given, and no subtype can be
+        guessed, a TypeError is raised.
+
+        _encoder is a function which will perform the actual encoding for
+        transport of the image data.  It takes one argument, which is this
+        Image instance.  It should use get_payload() and set_payload() to
+        change the payload to the encoded form.  It should also add any
+        Content-Transfer-Encoding or other headers to the message as
+        necessary.  The default encoding is Base64.
+
+        Any additional keyword arguments are passed to the base class
+        constructor, which turns them into parameters on the Content-Type
+        header.
+        """
+        if _subtype is None:
+            _subtype = _whatsnd(_audiodata)
+        if _subtype is None:
+            raise TypeError('Could not find audio MIME subtype')
+        MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'audio', _subtype, **_params)
+        self.set_payload(_audiodata)
+        _encoder(self)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/base.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77f3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Base class for MIME specializations."""
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future.backports.email import message
+
+__all__ = ['MIMEBase']
+
+
+class MIMEBase(message.Message):
+    """Base class for MIME specializations."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _maintype, _subtype, **_params):
+        """This constructor adds a Content-Type: and a MIME-Version: header.
+
+        The Content-Type: header is taken from the _maintype and _subtype
+        arguments.  Additional parameters for this header are taken from the
+        keyword arguments.
+        """
+        message.Message.__init__(self)
+        ctype = '%s/%s' % (_maintype, _subtype)
+        self.add_header('Content-Type', ctype, **_params)
+        self['MIME-Version'] = '1.0'
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/image.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/image.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a036024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/image.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Class representing image/* type MIME documents."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = ['MIMEImage']
+
+import imghdr
+
+from future.backports.email import encoders
+from future.backports.email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart
+
+
+class MIMEImage(MIMENonMultipart):
+    """Class for generating image/* type MIME documents."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _imagedata, _subtype=None,
+                 _encoder=encoders.encode_base64, **_params):
+        """Create an image/* type MIME document.
+
+        _imagedata is a string containing the raw image data.  If this data
+        can be decoded by the standard Python `imghdr' module, then the
+        subtype will be automatically included in the Content-Type header.
+        Otherwise, you can specify the specific image subtype via the _subtype
+        parameter.
+
+        _encoder is a function which will perform the actual encoding for
+        transport of the image data.  It takes one argument, which is this
+        Image instance.  It should use get_payload() and set_payload() to
+        change the payload to the encoded form.  It should also add any
+        Content-Transfer-Encoding or other headers to the message as
+        necessary.  The default encoding is Base64.
+
+        Any additional keyword arguments are passed to the base class
+        constructor, which turns them into parameters on the Content-Type
+        header.
+        """
+        if _subtype is None:
+            _subtype = imghdr.what(None, _imagedata)
+        if _subtype is None:
+            raise TypeError('Could not guess image MIME subtype')
+        MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'image', _subtype, **_params)
+        self.set_payload(_imagedata)
+        _encoder(self)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/message.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/message.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f92075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/message.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Class representing message/* MIME documents."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = ['MIMEMessage']
+
+from future.backports.email import message
+from future.backports.email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart
+
+
+class MIMEMessage(MIMENonMultipart):
+    """Class representing message/* MIME documents."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _msg, _subtype='rfc822'):
+        """Create a message/* type MIME document.
+
+        _msg is a message object and must be an instance of Message, or a
+        derived class of Message, otherwise a TypeError is raised.
+
+        Optional _subtype defines the subtype of the contained message.  The
+        default is "rfc822" (this is defined by the MIME standard, even though
+        the term "rfc822" is technically outdated by RFC 2822).
+        """
+        MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'message', _subtype)
+        if not isinstance(_msg, message.Message):
+            raise TypeError('Argument is not an instance of Message')
+        # It's convenient to use this base class method.  We need to do it
+        # this way or we'll get an exception
+        message.Message.attach(self, _msg)
+        # And be sure our default type is set correctly
+        self.set_default_type('message/rfc822')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/multipart.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d7ed3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Base class for MIME multipart/* type messages."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = ['MIMEMultipart']
+
+from future.backports.email.mime.base import MIMEBase
+
+
+class MIMEMultipart(MIMEBase):
+    """Base class for MIME multipart/* type messages."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _subtype='mixed', boundary=None, _subparts=None,
+                 **_params):
+        """Creates a multipart/* type message.
+
+        By default, creates a multipart/mixed message, with proper
+        Content-Type and MIME-Version headers.
+
+        _subtype is the subtype of the multipart content type, defaulting to
+        `mixed'.
+
+        boundary is the multipart boundary string.  By default it is
+        calculated as needed.
+
+        _subparts is a sequence of initial subparts for the payload.  It
+        must be an iterable object, such as a list.  You can always
+        attach new subparts to the message by using the attach() method.
+
+        Additional parameters for the Content-Type header are taken from the
+        keyword arguments (or passed into the _params argument).
+        """
+        MIMEBase.__init__(self, 'multipart', _subtype, **_params)
+
+        # Initialise _payload to an empty list as the Message superclass's
+        # implementation of is_multipart assumes that _payload is a list for
+        # multipart messages.
+        self._payload = []
+
+        if _subparts:
+            for p in _subparts:
+                self.attach(p)
+        if boundary:
+            self.set_boundary(boundary)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/nonmultipart.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/nonmultipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c37c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/nonmultipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Base class for MIME type messages that are not multipart."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = ['MIMENonMultipart']
+
+from future.backports.email import errors
+from future.backports.email.mime.base import MIMEBase
+
+
+class MIMENonMultipart(MIMEBase):
+    """Base class for MIME multipart/* type messages."""
+
+    def attach(self, payload):
+        # The public API prohibits attaching multiple subparts to MIMEBase
+        # derived subtypes since none of them are, by definition, of content
+        # type multipart/*
+        raise errors.MultipartConversionError(
+            'Cannot attach additional subparts to non-multipart/*')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/text.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6269f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/mime/text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Class representing text/* type MIME documents."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = ['MIMEText']
+
+from future.backports.email.encoders import encode_7or8bit
+from future.backports.email.mime.nonmultipart import MIMENonMultipart
+
+
+class MIMEText(MIMENonMultipart):
+    """Class for generating text/* type MIME documents."""
+
+    def __init__(self, _text, _subtype='plain', _charset=None):
+        """Create a text/* type MIME document.
+
+        _text is the string for this message object.
+
+        _subtype is the MIME sub content type, defaulting to "plain".
+
+        _charset is the character set parameter added to the Content-Type
+        header.  This defaults to "us-ascii".  Note that as a side-effect, the
+        Content-Transfer-Encoding header will also be set.
+        """
+
+        # If no _charset was specified, check to see if there are non-ascii
+        # characters present. If not, use 'us-ascii', otherwise use utf-8.
+        # XXX: This can be removed once #7304 is fixed.
+        if _charset is None:
+            try:
+                _text.encode('us-ascii')
+                _charset = 'us-ascii'
+            except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                _charset = 'utf-8'
+
+        MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'text', _subtype,
+                                  **{'charset': _charset})
+
+        self.set_payload(_text, _charset)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/parser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df1c6e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw, Thomas Wouters, Anthony Baxter
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""A parser of RFC 2822 and MIME email messages."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+__all__ = ['Parser', 'HeaderParser', 'BytesParser', 'BytesHeaderParser']
+
+import warnings
+from io import StringIO, TextIOWrapper
+
+from future.backports.email.feedparser import FeedParser, BytesFeedParser
+from future.backports.email.message import Message
+from future.backports.email._policybase import compat32
+
+
+class Parser(object):
+    def __init__(self, _class=Message, **_3to2kwargs):
+        """Parser of RFC 2822 and MIME email messages.
+
+        Creates an in-memory object tree representing the email message, which
+        can then be manipulated and turned over to a Generator to return the
+        textual representation of the message.
+
+        The string must be formatted as a block of RFC 2822 headers and header
+        continuation lines, optionally preceeded by a `Unix-from' header.  The
+        header block is terminated either by the end of the string or by a
+        blank line.
+
+        _class is the class to instantiate for new message objects when they
+        must be created.  This class must have a constructor that can take
+        zero arguments.  Default is Message.Message.
+
+        The policy keyword specifies a policy object that controls a number of
+        aspects of the parser's operation.  The default policy maintains
+        backward compatibility.
+
+        """
+        if 'policy' in _3to2kwargs: policy = _3to2kwargs['policy']; del _3to2kwargs['policy']
+        else: policy = compat32
+        self._class = _class
+        self.policy = policy
+
+    def parse(self, fp, headersonly=False):
+        """Create a message structure from the data in a file.
+
+        Reads all the data from the file and returns the root of the message
+        structure.  Optional headersonly is a flag specifying whether to stop
+        parsing after reading the headers or not.  The default is False,
+        meaning it parses the entire contents of the file.
+        """
+        feedparser = FeedParser(self._class, policy=self.policy)
+        if headersonly:
+            feedparser._set_headersonly()
+        while True:
+            data = fp.read(8192)
+            if not data:
+                break
+            feedparser.feed(data)
+        return feedparser.close()
+
+    def parsestr(self, text, headersonly=False):
+        """Create a message structure from a string.
+
+        Returns the root of the message structure.  Optional headersonly is a
+        flag specifying whether to stop parsing after reading the headers or
+        not.  The default is False, meaning it parses the entire contents of
+        the file.
+        """
+        return self.parse(StringIO(text), headersonly=headersonly)
+
+
+
+class HeaderParser(Parser):
+    def parse(self, fp, headersonly=True):
+        return Parser.parse(self, fp, True)
+
+    def parsestr(self, text, headersonly=True):
+        return Parser.parsestr(self, text, True)
+
+
+class BytesParser(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Parser of binary RFC 2822 and MIME email messages.
+
+        Creates an in-memory object tree representing the email message, which
+        can then be manipulated and turned over to a Generator to return the
+        textual representation of the message.
+
+        The input must be formatted as a block of RFC 2822 headers and header
+        continuation lines, optionally preceeded by a `Unix-from' header.  The
+        header block is terminated either by the end of the input or by a
+        blank line.
+
+        _class is the class to instantiate for new message objects when they
+        must be created.  This class must have a constructor that can take
+        zero arguments.  Default is Message.Message.
+        """
+        self.parser = Parser(*args, **kw)
+
+    def parse(self, fp, headersonly=False):
+        """Create a message structure from the data in a binary file.
+
+        Reads all the data from the file and returns the root of the message
+        structure.  Optional headersonly is a flag specifying whether to stop
+        parsing after reading the headers or not.  The default is False,
+        meaning it parses the entire contents of the file.
+        """
+        fp = TextIOWrapper(fp, encoding='ascii', errors='surrogateescape')
+        with fp:
+            return self.parser.parse(fp, headersonly)
+
+
+    def parsebytes(self, text, headersonly=False):
+        """Create a message structure from a byte string.
+
+        Returns the root of the message structure.  Optional headersonly is a
+        flag specifying whether to stop parsing after reading the headers or
+        not.  The default is False, meaning it parses the entire contents of
+        the file.
+        """
+        text = text.decode('ASCII', errors='surrogateescape')
+        return self.parser.parsestr(text, headersonly)
+
+
+class BytesHeaderParser(BytesParser):
+    def parse(self, fp, headersonly=True):
+        return BytesParser.parse(self, fp, headersonly=True)
+
+    def parsebytes(self, text, headersonly=True):
+        return BytesParser.parsebytes(self, text, headersonly=True)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/policy.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/policy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f609a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/policy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+"""This will be the home for the policy that hooks in the new
+code that adds all the email6 features.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import super
+
+from future.standard_library.email._policybase import (Policy, Compat32,
+                                                  compat32, _extend_docstrings)
+from future.standard_library.email.utils import _has_surrogates
+from future.standard_library.email.headerregistry import HeaderRegistry as HeaderRegistry
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Compat32',
+    'compat32',
+    'Policy',
+    'EmailPolicy',
+    'default',
+    'strict',
+    'SMTP',
+    'HTTP',
+    ]
+
+@_extend_docstrings
+class EmailPolicy(Policy):
+
+    """+
+    PROVISIONAL
+
+    The API extensions enabled by this policy are currently provisional.
+    Refer to the documentation for details.
+
+    This policy adds new header parsing and folding algorithms.  Instead of
+    simple strings, headers are custom objects with custom attributes
+    depending on the type of the field.  The folding algorithm fully
+    implements RFCs 2047 and 5322.
+
+    In addition to the settable attributes listed above that apply to
+    all Policies, this policy adds the following additional attributes:
+
+    refold_source       -- if the value for a header in the Message object
+                           came from the parsing of some source, this attribute
+                           indicates whether or not a generator should refold
+                           that value when transforming the message back into
+                           stream form.  The possible values are:
+
+                           none  -- all source values use original folding
+                           long  -- source values that have any line that is
+                                    longer than max_line_length will be
+                                    refolded
+                           all  -- all values are refolded.
+
+                           The default is 'long'.
+
+    header_factory      -- a callable that takes two arguments, 'name' and
+                           'value', where 'name' is a header field name and
+                           'value' is an unfolded header field value, and
+                           returns a string-like object that represents that
+                           header.  A default header_factory is provided that
+                           understands some of the RFC5322 header field types.
+                           (Currently address fields and date fields have
+                           special treatment, while all other fields are
+                           treated as unstructured.  This list will be
+                           completed before the extension is marked stable.)
+    """
+
+    refold_source = 'long'
+    header_factory = HeaderRegistry()
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        # Ensure that each new instance gets a unique header factory
+        # (as opposed to clones, which share the factory).
+        if 'header_factory' not in kw:
+            object.__setattr__(self, 'header_factory', HeaderRegistry())
+        super().__init__(**kw)
+
+    def header_max_count(self, name):
+        """+
+        The implementation for this class returns the max_count attribute from
+        the specialized header class that would be used to construct a header
+        of type 'name'.
+        """
+        return self.header_factory[name].max_count
+
+    # The logic of the next three methods is chosen such that it is possible to
+    # switch a Message object between a Compat32 policy and a policy derived
+    # from this class and have the results stay consistent.  This allows a
+    # Message object constructed with this policy to be passed to a library
+    # that only handles Compat32 objects, or to receive such an object and
+    # convert it to use the newer style by just changing its policy.  It is
+    # also chosen because it postpones the relatively expensive full rfc5322
+    # parse until as late as possible when parsing from source, since in many
+    # applications only a few headers will actually be inspected.
+
+    def header_source_parse(self, sourcelines):
+        """+
+        The name is parsed as everything up to the ':' and returned unmodified.
+        The value is determined by stripping leading whitespace off the
+        remainder of the first line, joining all subsequent lines together, and
+        stripping any trailing carriage return or linefeed characters.  (This
+        is the same as Compat32).
+
+        """
+        name, value = sourcelines[0].split(':', 1)
+        value = value.lstrip(' \t') + ''.join(sourcelines[1:])
+        return (name, value.rstrip('\r\n'))
+
+    def header_store_parse(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        The name is returned unchanged.  If the input value has a 'name'
+        attribute and it matches the name ignoring case, the value is returned
+        unchanged.  Otherwise the name and value are passed to header_factory
+        method, and the resulting custom header object is returned as the
+        value.  In this case a ValueError is raised if the input value contains
+        CR or LF characters.
+
+        """
+        if hasattr(value, 'name') and value.name.lower() == name.lower():
+            return (name, value)
+        if isinstance(value, str) and len(value.splitlines())>1:
+            raise ValueError("Header values may not contain linefeed "
+                             "or carriage return characters")
+        return (name, self.header_factory(name, value))
+
+    def header_fetch_parse(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        If the value has a 'name' attribute, it is returned to unmodified.
+        Otherwise the name and the value with any linesep characters removed
+        are passed to the header_factory method, and the resulting custom
+        header object is returned.  Any surrogateescaped bytes get turned
+        into the unicode unknown-character glyph.
+
+        """
+        if hasattr(value, 'name'):
+            return value
+        return self.header_factory(name, ''.join(value.splitlines()))
+
+    def fold(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        Header folding is controlled by the refold_source policy setting.  A
+        value is considered to be a 'source value' if and only if it does not
+        have a 'name' attribute (having a 'name' attribute means it is a header
+        object of some sort).  If a source value needs to be refolded according
+        to the policy, it is converted into a custom header object by passing
+        the name and the value with any linesep characters removed to the
+        header_factory method.  Folding of a custom header object is done by
+        calling its fold method with the current policy.
+
+        Source values are split into lines using splitlines.  If the value is
+        not to be refolded, the lines are rejoined using the linesep from the
+        policy and returned.  The exception is lines containing non-ascii
+        binary data.  In that case the value is refolded regardless of the
+        refold_source setting, which causes the binary data to be CTE encoded
+        using the unknown-8bit charset.
+
+        """
+        return self._fold(name, value, refold_binary=True)
+
+    def fold_binary(self, name, value):
+        """+
+        The same as fold if cte_type is 7bit, except that the returned value is
+        bytes.
+
+        If cte_type is 8bit, non-ASCII binary data is converted back into
+        bytes.  Headers with binary data are not refolded, regardless of the
+        refold_header setting, since there is no way to know whether the binary
+        data consists of single byte characters or multibyte characters.
+
+        """
+        folded = self._fold(name, value, refold_binary=self.cte_type=='7bit')
+        return folded.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+
+    def _fold(self, name, value, refold_binary=False):
+        if hasattr(value, 'name'):
+            return value.fold(policy=self)
+        maxlen = self.max_line_length if self.max_line_length else float('inf')
+        lines = value.splitlines()
+        refold = (self.refold_source == 'all' or
+                  self.refold_source == 'long' and
+                    (lines and len(lines[0])+len(name)+2 > maxlen or
+                     any(len(x) > maxlen for x in lines[1:])))
+        if refold or refold_binary and _has_surrogates(value):
+            return self.header_factory(name, ''.join(lines)).fold(policy=self)
+        return name + ': ' + self.linesep.join(lines) + self.linesep
+
+
+default = EmailPolicy()
+# Make the default policy use the class default header_factory
+del default.header_factory
+strict = default.clone(raise_on_defect=True)
+SMTP = default.clone(linesep='\r\n')
+HTTP = default.clone(linesep='\r\n', max_line_length=None)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/quoprimime.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/quoprimime.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b69d158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/quoprimime.py
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2006 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Ben Gertzfield
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Quoted-printable content transfer encoding per RFCs 2045-2047.
+
+This module handles the content transfer encoding method defined in RFC 2045
+to encode US ASCII-like 8-bit data called `quoted-printable'.  It is used to
+safely encode text that is in a character set similar to the 7-bit US ASCII
+character set, but that includes some 8-bit characters that are normally not
+allowed in email bodies or headers.
+
+Quoted-printable is very space-inefficient for encoding binary files; use the
+email.base64mime module for that instead.
+
+This module provides an interface to encode and decode both headers and bodies
+with quoted-printable encoding.
+
+RFC 2045 defines a method for including character set information in an
+`encoded-word' in a header.  This method is commonly used for 8-bit real names
+in To:/From:/Cc: etc. fields, as well as Subject: lines.
+
+This module does not do the line wrapping or end-of-line character
+conversion necessary for proper internationalized headers; it only
+does dumb encoding and decoding.  To deal with the various line
+wrapping issues, use the email.header module.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import bytes, chr, dict, int, range, super
+
+__all__ = [
+    'body_decode',
+    'body_encode',
+    'body_length',
+    'decode',
+    'decodestring',
+    'header_decode',
+    'header_encode',
+    'header_length',
+    'quote',
+    'unquote',
+    ]
+
+import re
+import io
+
+from string import ascii_letters, digits, hexdigits
+
+CRLF = '\r\n'
+NL = '\n'
+EMPTYSTRING = ''
+
+# Build a mapping of octets to the expansion of that octet.  Since we're only
+# going to have 256 of these things, this isn't terribly inefficient
+# space-wise.  Remember that headers and bodies have different sets of safe
+# characters.  Initialize both maps with the full expansion, and then override
+# the safe bytes with the more compact form.
+_QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP = dict((c, '=%02X' % c) for c in range(256))
+_QUOPRI_BODY_MAP = _QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP.copy()
+
+# Safe header bytes which need no encoding.
+for c in bytes(b'-!*+/' + ascii_letters.encode('ascii') + digits.encode('ascii')):
+    _QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[c] = chr(c)
+# Headers have one other special encoding; spaces become underscores.
+_QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[ord(' ')] = '_'
+
+# Safe body bytes which need no encoding.
+for c in bytes(b' !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<>'
+               b'?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`'
+               b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\t'):
+    _QUOPRI_BODY_MAP[c] = chr(c)
+
+
+
+# Helpers
+def header_check(octet):
+    """Return True if the octet should be escaped with header quopri."""
+    return chr(octet) != _QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[octet]
+
+
+def body_check(octet):
+    """Return True if the octet should be escaped with body quopri."""
+    return chr(octet) != _QUOPRI_BODY_MAP[octet]
+
+
+def header_length(bytearray):
+    """Return a header quoted-printable encoding length.
+
+    Note that this does not include any RFC 2047 chrome added by
+    `header_encode()`.
+
+    :param bytearray: An array of bytes (a.k.a. octets).
+    :return: The length in bytes of the byte array when it is encoded with
+        quoted-printable for headers.
+    """
+    return sum(len(_QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[octet]) for octet in bytearray)
+
+
+def body_length(bytearray):
+    """Return a body quoted-printable encoding length.
+
+    :param bytearray: An array of bytes (a.k.a. octets).
+    :return: The length in bytes of the byte array when it is encoded with
+        quoted-printable for bodies.
+    """
+    return sum(len(_QUOPRI_BODY_MAP[octet]) for octet in bytearray)
+
+
+def _max_append(L, s, maxlen, extra=''):
+    if not isinstance(s, str):
+        s = chr(s)
+    if not L:
+        L.append(s.lstrip())
+    elif len(L[-1]) + len(s) <= maxlen:
+        L[-1] += extra + s
+    else:
+        L.append(s.lstrip())
+
+
+def unquote(s):
+    """Turn a string in the form =AB to the ASCII character with value 0xab"""
+    return chr(int(s[1:3], 16))
+
+
+def quote(c):
+    return '=%02X' % ord(c)
+
+
+
+def header_encode(header_bytes, charset='iso-8859-1'):
+    """Encode a single header line with quoted-printable (like) encoding.
+
+    Defined in RFC 2045, this `Q' encoding is similar to quoted-printable, but
+    used specifically for email header fields to allow charsets with mostly 7
+    bit characters (and some 8 bit) to remain more or less readable in non-RFC
+    2045 aware mail clients.
+
+    charset names the character set to use in the RFC 2046 header.  It
+    defaults to iso-8859-1.
+    """
+    # Return empty headers as an empty string.
+    if not header_bytes:
+        return ''
+    # Iterate over every byte, encoding if necessary.
+    encoded = []
+    for octet in header_bytes:
+        encoded.append(_QUOPRI_HEADER_MAP[octet])
+    # Now add the RFC chrome to each encoded chunk and glue the chunks
+    # together.
+    return '=?%s?q?%s?=' % (charset, EMPTYSTRING.join(encoded))
+
+
+class _body_accumulator(io.StringIO):
+
+    def __init__(self, maxlinelen, eol, *args, **kw):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+        self.eol = eol
+        self.maxlinelen = self.room = maxlinelen
+
+    def write_str(self, s):
+        """Add string s to the accumulated body."""
+        self.write(s)
+        self.room -= len(s)
+
+    def newline(self):
+        """Write eol, then start new line."""
+        self.write_str(self.eol)
+        self.room = self.maxlinelen
+
+    def write_soft_break(self):
+        """Write a soft break, then start a new line."""
+        self.write_str('=')
+        self.newline()
+
+    def write_wrapped(self, s, extra_room=0):
+        """Add a soft line break if needed, then write s."""
+        if self.room < len(s) + extra_room:
+            self.write_soft_break()
+        self.write_str(s)
+
+    def write_char(self, c, is_last_char):
+        if not is_last_char:
+            # Another character follows on this line, so we must leave
+            # extra room, either for it or a soft break, and whitespace
+            # need not be quoted.
+            self.write_wrapped(c, extra_room=1)
+        elif c not in ' \t':
+            # For this and remaining cases, no more characters follow,
+            # so there is no need to reserve extra room (since a hard
+            # break will immediately follow).
+            self.write_wrapped(c)
+        elif self.room >= 3:
+            # It's a whitespace character at end-of-line, and we have room
+            # for the three-character quoted encoding.
+            self.write(quote(c))
+        elif self.room == 2:
+            # There's room for the whitespace character and a soft break.
+            self.write(c)
+            self.write_soft_break()
+        else:
+            # There's room only for a soft break.  The quoted whitespace
+            # will be the only content on the subsequent line.
+            self.write_soft_break()
+            self.write(quote(c))
+
+
+def body_encode(body, maxlinelen=76, eol=NL):
+    """Encode with quoted-printable, wrapping at maxlinelen characters.
+
+    Each line of encoded text will end with eol, which defaults to "\\n".  Set
+    this to "\\r\\n" if you will be using the result of this function directly
+    in an email.
+
+    Each line will be wrapped at, at most, maxlinelen characters before the
+    eol string (maxlinelen defaults to 76 characters, the maximum value
+    permitted by RFC 2045).  Long lines will have the 'soft line break'
+    quoted-printable character "=" appended to them, so the decoded text will
+    be identical to the original text.
+
+    The minimum maxlinelen is 4 to have room for a quoted character ("=XX")
+    followed by a soft line break.  Smaller values will generate a
+    ValueError.
+
+    """
+
+    if maxlinelen < 4:
+        raise ValueError("maxlinelen must be at least 4")
+    if not body:
+        return body
+
+    # The last line may or may not end in eol, but all other lines do.
+    last_has_eol = (body[-1] in '\r\n')
+
+    # This accumulator will make it easier to build the encoded body.
+    encoded_body = _body_accumulator(maxlinelen, eol)
+
+    lines = body.splitlines()
+    last_line_no = len(lines) - 1
+    for line_no, line in enumerate(lines):
+        last_char_index = len(line) - 1
+        for i, c in enumerate(line):
+            if body_check(ord(c)):
+                c = quote(c)
+            encoded_body.write_char(c, i==last_char_index)
+        # Add an eol if input line had eol.  All input lines have eol except
+        # possibly the last one.
+        if line_no < last_line_no or last_has_eol:
+            encoded_body.newline()
+
+    return encoded_body.getvalue()
+
+
+
+# BAW: I'm not sure if the intent was for the signature of this function to be
+# the same as base64MIME.decode() or not...
+def decode(encoded, eol=NL):
+    """Decode a quoted-printable string.
+
+    Lines are separated with eol, which defaults to \\n.
+    """
+    if not encoded:
+        return encoded
+    # BAW: see comment in encode() above.  Again, we're building up the
+    # decoded string with string concatenation, which could be done much more
+    # efficiently.
+    decoded = ''
+
+    for line in encoded.splitlines():
+        line = line.rstrip()
+        if not line:
+            decoded += eol
+            continue
+
+        i = 0
+        n = len(line)
+        while i < n:
+            c = line[i]
+            if c != '=':
+                decoded += c
+                i += 1
+            # Otherwise, c == "=".  Are we at the end of the line?  If so, add
+            # a soft line break.
+            elif i+1 == n:
+                i += 1
+                continue
+            # Decode if in form =AB
+            elif i+2 < n and line[i+1] in hexdigits and line[i+2] in hexdigits:
+                decoded += unquote(line[i:i+3])
+                i += 3
+            # Otherwise, not in form =AB, pass literally
+            else:
+                decoded += c
+                i += 1
+
+            if i == n:
+                decoded += eol
+    # Special case if original string did not end with eol
+    if encoded[-1] not in '\r\n' and decoded.endswith(eol):
+        decoded = decoded[:-1]
+    return decoded
+
+
+# For convenience and backwards compatibility w/ standard base64 module
+body_decode = decode
+decodestring = decode
+
+
+
+def _unquote_match(match):
+    """Turn a match in the form =AB to the ASCII character with value 0xab"""
+    s = match.group(0)
+    return unquote(s)
+
+
+# Header decoding is done a bit differently
+def header_decode(s):
+    """Decode a string encoded with RFC 2045 MIME header `Q' encoding.
+
+    This function does not parse a full MIME header value encoded with
+    quoted-printable (like =?iso-8895-1?q?Hello_World?=) -- please use
+    the high level email.header class for that functionality.
+    """
+    s = s.replace('_', ' ')
+    return re.sub(r'=[a-fA-F0-9]{2}', _unquote_match, s, re.ASCII)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/utils.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4abebf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/email/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Python Software Foundation
+# Author: Barry Warsaw
+# Contact: email-sig@python.org
+
+"""Miscellaneous utilities."""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future import utils
+from future.builtins import bytes, int, str
+
+__all__ = [
+    'collapse_rfc2231_value',
+    'decode_params',
+    'decode_rfc2231',
+    'encode_rfc2231',
+    'formataddr',
+    'formatdate',
+    'format_datetime',
+    'getaddresses',
+    'make_msgid',
+    'mktime_tz',
+    'parseaddr',
+    'parsedate',
+    'parsedate_tz',
+    'parsedate_to_datetime',
+    'unquote',
+    ]
+
+import os
+import re
+if utils.PY2:
+    re.ASCII = 0
+import time
+import base64
+import random
+import socket
+from future.backports import datetime
+from future.backports.urllib.parse import quote as url_quote, unquote as url_unquote
+import warnings
+from io import StringIO
+
+from future.backports.email._parseaddr import quote
+from future.backports.email._parseaddr import AddressList as _AddressList
+from future.backports.email._parseaddr import mktime_tz
+
+from future.backports.email._parseaddr import parsedate, parsedate_tz, _parsedate_tz
+
+from quopri import decodestring as _qdecode
+
+# Intrapackage imports
+from future.backports.email.encoders import _bencode, _qencode
+from future.backports.email.charset import Charset
+
+COMMASPACE = ', '
+EMPTYSTRING = ''
+UEMPTYSTRING = ''
+CRLF = '\r\n'
+TICK = "'"
+
+specialsre = re.compile(r'[][\\()<>@,:;".]')
+escapesre = re.compile(r'[\\"]')
+
+# How to figure out if we are processing strings that come from a byte
+# source with undecodable characters.
+_has_surrogates = re.compile(
+    '([^\ud800-\udbff]|\A)[\udc00-\udfff]([^\udc00-\udfff]|\Z)').search
+
+# How to deal with a string containing bytes before handing it to the
+# application through the 'normal' interface.
+def _sanitize(string):
+    # Turn any escaped bytes into unicode 'unknown' char.
+    original_bytes = string.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+    return original_bytes.decode('ascii', 'replace')
+
+
+# Helpers
+
+def formataddr(pair, charset='utf-8'):
+    """The inverse of parseaddr(), this takes a 2-tuple of the form
+    (realname, email_address) and returns the string value suitable
+    for an RFC 2822 From, To or Cc header.
+
+    If the first element of pair is false, then the second element is
+    returned unmodified.
+
+    Optional charset if given is the character set that is used to encode
+    realname in case realname is not ASCII safe.  Can be an instance of str or
+    a Charset-like object which has a header_encode method.  Default is
+    'utf-8'.
+    """
+    name, address = pair
+    # The address MUST (per RFC) be ascii, so raise an UnicodeError if it isn't.
+    address.encode('ascii')
+    if name:
+        try:
+            name.encode('ascii')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            if isinstance(charset, str):
+                charset = Charset(charset)
+            encoded_name = charset.header_encode(name)
+            return "%s <%s>" % (encoded_name, address)
+        else:
+            quotes = ''
+            if specialsre.search(name):
+                quotes = '"'
+            name = escapesre.sub(r'\\\g<0>', name)
+            return '%s%s%s <%s>' % (quotes, name, quotes, address)
+    return address
+
+
+
+def getaddresses(fieldvalues):
+    """Return a list of (REALNAME, EMAIL) for each fieldvalue."""
+    all = COMMASPACE.join(fieldvalues)
+    a = _AddressList(all)
+    return a.addresslist
+
+
+
+ecre = re.compile(r'''
+  =\?                   # literal =?
+  (?P<charset>[^?]*?)   # non-greedy up to the next ? is the charset
+  \?                    # literal ?
+  (?P<encoding>[qb])    # either a "q" or a "b", case insensitive
+  \?                    # literal ?
+  (?P<atom>.*?)         # non-greedy up to the next ?= is the atom
+  \?=                   # literal ?=
+  ''', re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+
+def _format_timetuple_and_zone(timetuple, zone):
+    return '%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d %s' % (
+        ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'][timetuple[6]],
+        timetuple[2],
+        ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
+         'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'][timetuple[1] - 1],
+        timetuple[0], timetuple[3], timetuple[4], timetuple[5],
+        zone)
+
+def formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=False):
+    """Returns a date string as specified by RFC 2822, e.g.:
+
+    Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000
+
+    Optional timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
+    gmtime() and localtime(), otherwise the current time is used.
+
+    Optional localtime is a flag that when True, interprets timeval, and
+    returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly
+    taking daylight savings time into account.
+
+    Optional argument usegmt means that the timezone is written out as
+    an ascii string, not numeric one (so "GMT" instead of "+0000"). This
+    is needed for HTTP, and is only used when localtime==False.
+    """
+    # Note: we cannot use strftime() because that honors the locale and RFC
+    # 2822 requires that day and month names be the English abbreviations.
+    if timeval is None:
+        timeval = time.time()
+    if localtime:
+        now = time.localtime(timeval)
+        # Calculate timezone offset, based on whether the local zone has
+        # daylight savings time, and whether DST is in effect.
+        if time.daylight and now[-1]:
+            offset = time.altzone
+        else:
+            offset = time.timezone
+        hours, minutes = divmod(abs(offset), 3600)
+        # Remember offset is in seconds west of UTC, but the timezone is in
+        # minutes east of UTC, so the signs differ.
+        if offset > 0:
+            sign = '-'
+        else:
+            sign = '+'
+        zone = '%s%02d%02d' % (sign, hours, minutes // 60)
+    else:
+        now = time.gmtime(timeval)
+        # Timezone offset is always -0000
+        if usegmt:
+            zone = 'GMT'
+        else:
+            zone = '-0000'
+    return _format_timetuple_and_zone(now, zone)
+
+def format_datetime(dt, usegmt=False):
+    """Turn a datetime into a date string as specified in RFC 2822.
+
+    If usegmt is True, dt must be an aware datetime with an offset of zero.  In
+    this case 'GMT' will be rendered instead of the normal +0000 required by
+    RFC2822.  This is to support HTTP headers involving date stamps.
+    """
+    now = dt.timetuple()
+    if usegmt:
+        if dt.tzinfo is None or dt.tzinfo != datetime.timezone.utc:
+            raise ValueError("usegmt option requires a UTC datetime")
+        zone = 'GMT'
+    elif dt.tzinfo is None:
+        zone = '-0000'
+    else:
+        zone = dt.strftime("%z")
+    return _format_timetuple_and_zone(now, zone)
+
+
+def make_msgid(idstring=None, domain=None):
+    """Returns a string suitable for RFC 2822 compliant Message-ID, e.g:
+
+    <20020201195627.33539.96671@nightshade.la.mastaler.com>
+
+    Optional idstring if given is a string used to strengthen the
+    uniqueness of the message id.  Optional domain if given provides the
+    portion of the message id after the '@'.  It defaults to the locally
+    defined hostname.
+    """
+    timeval = time.time()
+    utcdate = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.gmtime(timeval))
+    pid = os.getpid()
+    randint = random.randrange(100000)
+    if idstring is None:
+        idstring = ''
+    else:
+        idstring = '.' + idstring
+    if domain is None:
+        domain = socket.getfqdn()
+    msgid = '<%s.%s.%s%s@%s>' % (utcdate, pid, randint, idstring, domain)
+    return msgid
+
+
+def parsedate_to_datetime(data):
+    _3to2list = list(_parsedate_tz(data))
+    dtuple, tz, = [_3to2list[:-1]] + _3to2list[-1:]
+    if tz is None:
+        return datetime.datetime(*dtuple[:6])
+    return datetime.datetime(*dtuple[:6],
+            tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=tz)))
+
+
+def parseaddr(addr):
+    addrs = _AddressList(addr).addresslist
+    if not addrs:
+        return '', ''
+    return addrs[0]
+
+
+# rfc822.unquote() doesn't properly de-backslash-ify in Python pre-2.3.
+def unquote(str):
+    """Remove quotes from a string."""
+    if len(str) > 1:
+        if str.startswith('"') and str.endswith('"'):
+            return str[1:-1].replace('\\\\', '\\').replace('\\"', '"')
+        if str.startswith('<') and str.endswith('>'):
+            return str[1:-1]
+    return str
+
+
+
+# RFC2231-related functions - parameter encoding and decoding
+def decode_rfc2231(s):
+    """Decode string according to RFC 2231"""
+    parts = s.split(TICK, 2)
+    if len(parts) <= 2:
+        return None, None, s
+    return parts
+
+
+def encode_rfc2231(s, charset=None, language=None):
+    """Encode string according to RFC 2231.
+
+    If neither charset nor language is given, then s is returned as-is.  If
+    charset is given but not language, the string is encoded using the empty
+    string for language.
+    """
+    s = url_quote(s, safe='', encoding=charset or 'ascii')
+    if charset is None and language is None:
+        return s
+    if language is None:
+        language = ''
+    return "%s'%s'%s" % (charset, language, s)
+
+
+rfc2231_continuation = re.compile(r'^(?P<name>\w+)\*((?P<num>[0-9]+)\*?)?$',
+    re.ASCII)
+
+def decode_params(params):
+    """Decode parameters list according to RFC 2231.
+
+    params is a sequence of 2-tuples containing (param name, string value).
+    """
+    # Copy params so we don't mess with the original
+    params = params[:]
+    new_params = []
+    # Map parameter's name to a list of continuations.  The values are a
+    # 3-tuple of the continuation number, the string value, and a flag
+    # specifying whether a particular segment is %-encoded.
+    rfc2231_params = {}
+    name, value = params.pop(0)
+    new_params.append((name, value))
+    while params:
+        name, value = params.pop(0)
+        if name.endswith('*'):
+            encoded = True
+        else:
+            encoded = False
+        value = unquote(value)
+        mo = rfc2231_continuation.match(name)
+        if mo:
+            name, num = mo.group('name', 'num')
+            if num is not None:
+                num = int(num)
+            rfc2231_params.setdefault(name, []).append((num, value, encoded))
+        else:
+            new_params.append((name, '"%s"' % quote(value)))
+    if rfc2231_params:
+        for name, continuations in rfc2231_params.items():
+            value = []
+            extended = False
+            # Sort by number
+            continuations.sort()
+            # And now append all values in numerical order, converting
+            # %-encodings for the encoded segments.  If any of the
+            # continuation names ends in a *, then the entire string, after
+            # decoding segments and concatenating, must have the charset and
+            # language specifiers at the beginning of the string.
+            for num, s, encoded in continuations:
+                if encoded:
+                    # Decode as "latin-1", so the characters in s directly
+                    # represent the percent-encoded octet values.
+                    # collapse_rfc2231_value treats this as an octet sequence.
+                    s = url_unquote(s, encoding="latin-1")
+                    extended = True
+                value.append(s)
+            value = quote(EMPTYSTRING.join(value))
+            if extended:
+                charset, language, value = decode_rfc2231(value)
+                new_params.append((name, (charset, language, '"%s"' % value)))
+            else:
+                new_params.append((name, '"%s"' % value))
+    return new_params
+
+def collapse_rfc2231_value(value, errors='replace',
+                           fallback_charset='us-ascii'):
+    if not isinstance(value, tuple) or len(value) != 3:
+        return unquote(value)
+    # While value comes to us as a unicode string, we need it to be a bytes
+    # object.  We do not want bytes() normal utf-8 decoder, we want a straight
+    # interpretation of the string as character bytes.
+    charset, language, text = value
+    rawbytes = bytes(text, 'raw-unicode-escape')
+    try:
+        return str(rawbytes, charset, errors)
+    except LookupError:
+        # charset is not a known codec.
+        return unquote(text)
+
+
+#
+# datetime doesn't provide a localtime function yet, so provide one.  Code
+# adapted from the patch in issue 9527.  This may not be perfect, but it is
+# better than not having it.
+#
+
+def localtime(dt=None, isdst=-1):
+    """Return local time as an aware datetime object.
+
+    If called without arguments, return current time.  Otherwise *dt*
+    argument should be a datetime instance, and it is converted to the
+    local time zone according to the system time zone database.  If *dt* is
+    naive (that is, dt.tzinfo is None), it is assumed to be in local time.
+    In this case, a positive or zero value for *isdst* causes localtime to
+    presume initially that summer time (for example, Daylight Saving Time)
+    is or is not (respectively) in effect for the specified time.  A
+    negative value for *isdst* causes the localtime() function to attempt
+    to divine whether summer time is in effect for the specified time.
+
+    """
+    if dt is None:
+        return datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc).astimezone()
+    if dt.tzinfo is not None:
+        return dt.astimezone()
+    # We have a naive datetime.  Convert to a (localtime) timetuple and pass to
+    # system mktime together with the isdst hint.  System mktime will return
+    # seconds since epoch.
+    tm = dt.timetuple()[:-1] + (isdst,)
+    seconds = time.mktime(tm)
+    localtm = time.localtime(seconds)
+    try:
+        delta = datetime.timedelta(seconds=localtm.tm_gmtoff)
+        tz = datetime.timezone(delta, localtm.tm_zone)
+    except AttributeError:
+        # Compute UTC offset and compare with the value implied by tm_isdst.
+        # If the values match, use the zone name implied by tm_isdst.
+        delta = dt - datetime.datetime(*time.gmtime(seconds)[:6])
+        dst = time.daylight and localtm.tm_isdst > 0
+        gmtoff = -(time.altzone if dst else time.timezone)
+        if delta == datetime.timedelta(seconds=gmtoff):
+            tz = datetime.timezone(delta, time.tzname[dst])
+        else:
+            tz = datetime.timezone(delta)
+    return dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58e133f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""
+General functions for HTML manipulation, backported from Py3.
+
+Note that this uses Python 2.7 code with the corresponding Python 3
+module names and locations.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+_escape_map = {ord('&'): '&amp;', ord('<'): '&lt;', ord('>'): '&gt;'}
+_escape_map_full = {ord('&'): '&amp;', ord('<'): '&lt;', ord('>'): '&gt;',
+                    ord('"'): '&quot;', ord('\''): '&#x27;'}
+
+# NB: this is a candidate for a bytes/string polymorphic interface
+
+def escape(s, quote=True):
+    """
+    Replace special characters "&", "<" and ">" to HTML-safe sequences.
+    If the optional flag quote is true (the default), the quotation mark
+    characters, both double quote (") and single quote (') characters are also
+    translated.
+    """
+    assert not isinstance(s, bytes), 'Pass a unicode string'
+    if quote:
+        return s.translate(_escape_map_full)
+    return s.translate(_escape_map)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/entities.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/entities.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c73f69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/entities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2514 @@
+"""HTML character entity references.
+
+Backported for python-future from Python 3.3
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import *
+
+
+# maps the HTML entity name to the Unicode codepoint
+name2codepoint = {
+    'AElig':    0x00c6, # latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE, U+00C6 ISOlat1
+    'Aacute':   0x00c1, # latin capital letter A with acute, U+00C1 ISOlat1
+    'Acirc':    0x00c2, # latin capital letter A with circumflex, U+00C2 ISOlat1
+    'Agrave':   0x00c0, # latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave, U+00C0 ISOlat1
+    'Alpha':    0x0391, # greek capital letter alpha, U+0391
+    'Aring':    0x00c5, # latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring, U+00C5 ISOlat1
+    'Atilde':   0x00c3, # latin capital letter A with tilde, U+00C3 ISOlat1
+    'Auml':     0x00c4, # latin capital letter A with diaeresis, U+00C4 ISOlat1
+    'Beta':     0x0392, # greek capital letter beta, U+0392
+    'Ccedil':   0x00c7, # latin capital letter C with cedilla, U+00C7 ISOlat1
+    'Chi':      0x03a7, # greek capital letter chi, U+03A7
+    'Dagger':   0x2021, # double dagger, U+2021 ISOpub
+    'Delta':    0x0394, # greek capital letter delta, U+0394 ISOgrk3
+    'ETH':      0x00d0, # latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0 ISOlat1
+    'Eacute':   0x00c9, # latin capital letter E with acute, U+00C9 ISOlat1
+    'Ecirc':    0x00ca, # latin capital letter E with circumflex, U+00CA ISOlat1
+    'Egrave':   0x00c8, # latin capital letter E with grave, U+00C8 ISOlat1
+    'Epsilon':  0x0395, # greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395
+    'Eta':      0x0397, # greek capital letter eta, U+0397
+    'Euml':     0x00cb, # latin capital letter E with diaeresis, U+00CB ISOlat1
+    'Gamma':    0x0393, # greek capital letter gamma, U+0393 ISOgrk3
+    'Iacute':   0x00cd, # latin capital letter I with acute, U+00CD ISOlat1
+    'Icirc':    0x00ce, # latin capital letter I with circumflex, U+00CE ISOlat1
+    'Igrave':   0x00cc, # latin capital letter I with grave, U+00CC ISOlat1
+    'Iota':     0x0399, # greek capital letter iota, U+0399
+    'Iuml':     0x00cf, # latin capital letter I with diaeresis, U+00CF ISOlat1
+    'Kappa':    0x039a, # greek capital letter kappa, U+039A
+    'Lambda':   0x039b, # greek capital letter lambda, U+039B ISOgrk3
+    'Mu':       0x039c, # greek capital letter mu, U+039C
+    'Ntilde':   0x00d1, # latin capital letter N with tilde, U+00D1 ISOlat1
+    'Nu':       0x039d, # greek capital letter nu, U+039D
+    'OElig':    0x0152, # latin capital ligature OE, U+0152 ISOlat2
+    'Oacute':   0x00d3, # latin capital letter O with acute, U+00D3 ISOlat1
+    'Ocirc':    0x00d4, # latin capital letter O with circumflex, U+00D4 ISOlat1
+    'Ograve':   0x00d2, # latin capital letter O with grave, U+00D2 ISOlat1
+    'Omega':    0x03a9, # greek capital letter omega, U+03A9 ISOgrk3
+    'Omicron':  0x039f, # greek capital letter omicron, U+039F
+    'Oslash':   0x00d8, # latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash, U+00D8 ISOlat1
+    'Otilde':   0x00d5, # latin capital letter O with tilde, U+00D5 ISOlat1
+    'Ouml':     0x00d6, # latin capital letter O with diaeresis, U+00D6 ISOlat1
+    'Phi':      0x03a6, # greek capital letter phi, U+03A6 ISOgrk3
+    'Pi':       0x03a0, # greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3
+    'Prime':    0x2033, # double prime = seconds = inches, U+2033 ISOtech
+    'Psi':      0x03a8, # greek capital letter psi, U+03A8 ISOgrk3
+    'Rho':      0x03a1, # greek capital letter rho, U+03A1
+    'Scaron':   0x0160, # latin capital letter S with caron, U+0160 ISOlat2
+    'Sigma':    0x03a3, # greek capital letter sigma, U+03A3 ISOgrk3
+    'THORN':    0x00de, # latin capital letter THORN, U+00DE ISOlat1
+    'Tau':      0x03a4, # greek capital letter tau, U+03A4
+    'Theta':    0x0398, # greek capital letter theta, U+0398 ISOgrk3
+    'Uacute':   0x00da, # latin capital letter U with acute, U+00DA ISOlat1
+    'Ucirc':    0x00db, # latin capital letter U with circumflex, U+00DB ISOlat1
+    'Ugrave':   0x00d9, # latin capital letter U with grave, U+00D9 ISOlat1
+    'Upsilon':  0x03a5, # greek capital letter upsilon, U+03A5 ISOgrk3
+    'Uuml':     0x00dc, # latin capital letter U with diaeresis, U+00DC ISOlat1
+    'Xi':       0x039e, # greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3
+    'Yacute':   0x00dd, # latin capital letter Y with acute, U+00DD ISOlat1
+    'Yuml':     0x0178, # latin capital letter Y with diaeresis, U+0178 ISOlat2
+    'Zeta':     0x0396, # greek capital letter zeta, U+0396
+    'aacute':   0x00e1, # latin small letter a with acute, U+00E1 ISOlat1
+    'acirc':    0x00e2, # latin small letter a with circumflex, U+00E2 ISOlat1
+    'acute':    0x00b4, # acute accent = spacing acute, U+00B4 ISOdia
+    'aelig':    0x00e6, # latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae, U+00E6 ISOlat1
+    'agrave':   0x00e0, # latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave, U+00E0 ISOlat1
+    'alefsym':  0x2135, # alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal, U+2135 NEW
+    'alpha':    0x03b1, # greek small letter alpha, U+03B1 ISOgrk3
+    'amp':      0x0026, # ampersand, U+0026 ISOnum
+    'and':      0x2227, # logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech
+    'ang':      0x2220, # angle, U+2220 ISOamso
+    'aring':    0x00e5, # latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring, U+00E5 ISOlat1
+    'asymp':    0x2248, # almost equal to = asymptotic to, U+2248 ISOamsr
+    'atilde':   0x00e3, # latin small letter a with tilde, U+00E3 ISOlat1
+    'auml':     0x00e4, # latin small letter a with diaeresis, U+00E4 ISOlat1
+    'bdquo':    0x201e, # double low-9 quotation mark, U+201E NEW
+    'beta':     0x03b2, # greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3
+    'brvbar':   0x00a6, # broken bar = broken vertical bar, U+00A6 ISOnum
+    'bull':     0x2022, # bullet = black small circle, U+2022 ISOpub
+    'cap':      0x2229, # intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech
+    'ccedil':   0x00e7, # latin small letter c with cedilla, U+00E7 ISOlat1
+    'cedil':    0x00b8, # cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8 ISOdia
+    'cent':     0x00a2, # cent sign, U+00A2 ISOnum
+    'chi':      0x03c7, # greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3
+    'circ':     0x02c6, # modifier letter circumflex accent, U+02C6 ISOpub
+    'clubs':    0x2663, # black club suit = shamrock, U+2663 ISOpub
+    'cong':     0x2245, # approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech
+    'copy':     0x00a9, # copyright sign, U+00A9 ISOnum
+    'crarr':    0x21b5, # downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW
+    'cup':      0x222a, # union = cup, U+222A ISOtech
+    'curren':   0x00a4, # currency sign, U+00A4 ISOnum
+    'dArr':     0x21d3, # downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa
+    'dagger':   0x2020, # dagger, U+2020 ISOpub
+    'darr':     0x2193, # downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum
+    'deg':      0x00b0, # degree sign, U+00B0 ISOnum
+    'delta':    0x03b4, # greek small letter delta, U+03B4 ISOgrk3
+    'diams':    0x2666, # black diamond suit, U+2666 ISOpub
+    'divide':   0x00f7, # division sign, U+00F7 ISOnum
+    'eacute':   0x00e9, # latin small letter e with acute, U+00E9 ISOlat1
+    'ecirc':    0x00ea, # latin small letter e with circumflex, U+00EA ISOlat1
+    'egrave':   0x00e8, # latin small letter e with grave, U+00E8 ISOlat1
+    'empty':    0x2205, # empty set = null set = diameter, U+2205 ISOamso
+    'emsp':     0x2003, # em space, U+2003 ISOpub
+    'ensp':     0x2002, # en space, U+2002 ISOpub
+    'epsilon':  0x03b5, # greek small letter epsilon, U+03B5 ISOgrk3
+    'equiv':    0x2261, # identical to, U+2261 ISOtech
+    'eta':      0x03b7, # greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3
+    'eth':      0x00f0, # latin small letter eth, U+00F0 ISOlat1
+    'euml':     0x00eb, # latin small letter e with diaeresis, U+00EB ISOlat1
+    'euro':     0x20ac, # euro sign, U+20AC NEW
+    'exist':    0x2203, # there exists, U+2203 ISOtech
+    'fnof':     0x0192, # latin small f with hook = function = florin, U+0192 ISOtech
+    'forall':   0x2200, # for all, U+2200 ISOtech
+    'frac12':   0x00bd, # vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum
+    'frac14':   0x00bc, # vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter, U+00BC ISOnum
+    'frac34':   0x00be, # vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters, U+00BE ISOnum
+    'frasl':    0x2044, # fraction slash, U+2044 NEW
+    'gamma':    0x03b3, # greek small letter gamma, U+03B3 ISOgrk3
+    'ge':       0x2265, # greater-than or equal to, U+2265 ISOtech
+    'gt':       0x003e, # greater-than sign, U+003E ISOnum
+    'hArr':     0x21d4, # left right double arrow, U+21D4 ISOamsa
+    'harr':     0x2194, # left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa
+    'hearts':   0x2665, # black heart suit = valentine, U+2665 ISOpub
+    'hellip':   0x2026, # horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader, U+2026 ISOpub
+    'iacute':   0x00ed, # latin small letter i with acute, U+00ED ISOlat1
+    'icirc':    0x00ee, # latin small letter i with circumflex, U+00EE ISOlat1
+    'iexcl':    0x00a1, # inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1 ISOnum
+    'igrave':   0x00ec, # latin small letter i with grave, U+00EC ISOlat1
+    'image':    0x2111, # blackletter capital I = imaginary part, U+2111 ISOamso
+    'infin':    0x221e, # infinity, U+221E ISOtech
+    'int':      0x222b, # integral, U+222B ISOtech
+    'iota':     0x03b9, # greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3
+    'iquest':   0x00bf, # inverted question mark = turned question mark, U+00BF ISOnum
+    'isin':     0x2208, # element of, U+2208 ISOtech
+    'iuml':     0x00ef, # latin small letter i with diaeresis, U+00EF ISOlat1
+    'kappa':    0x03ba, # greek small letter kappa, U+03BA ISOgrk3
+    'lArr':     0x21d0, # leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech
+    'lambda':   0x03bb, # greek small letter lambda, U+03BB ISOgrk3
+    'lang':     0x2329, # left-pointing angle bracket = bra, U+2329 ISOtech
+    'laquo':    0x00ab, # left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet, U+00AB ISOnum
+    'larr':     0x2190, # leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum
+    'lceil':    0x2308, # left ceiling = apl upstile, U+2308 ISOamsc
+    'ldquo':    0x201c, # left double quotation mark, U+201C ISOnum
+    'le':       0x2264, # less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech
+    'lfloor':   0x230a, # left floor = apl downstile, U+230A ISOamsc
+    'lowast':   0x2217, # asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech
+    'loz':      0x25ca, # lozenge, U+25CA ISOpub
+    'lrm':      0x200e, # left-to-right mark, U+200E NEW RFC 2070
+    'lsaquo':   0x2039, # single left-pointing angle quotation mark, U+2039 ISO proposed
+    'lsquo':    0x2018, # left single quotation mark, U+2018 ISOnum
+    'lt':       0x003c, # less-than sign, U+003C ISOnum
+    'macr':     0x00af, # macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar, U+00AF ISOdia
+    'mdash':    0x2014, # em dash, U+2014 ISOpub
+    'micro':    0x00b5, # micro sign, U+00B5 ISOnum
+    'middot':   0x00b7, # middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot, U+00B7 ISOnum
+    'minus':    0x2212, # minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech
+    'mu':       0x03bc, # greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3
+    'nabla':    0x2207, # nabla = backward difference, U+2207 ISOtech
+    'nbsp':     0x00a0, # no-break space = non-breaking space, U+00A0 ISOnum
+    'ndash':    0x2013, # en dash, U+2013 ISOpub
+    'ne':       0x2260, # not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech
+    'ni':       0x220b, # contains as member, U+220B ISOtech
+    'not':      0x00ac, # not sign, U+00AC ISOnum
+    'notin':    0x2209, # not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech
+    'nsub':     0x2284, # not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn
+    'ntilde':   0x00f1, # latin small letter n with tilde, U+00F1 ISOlat1
+    'nu':       0x03bd, # greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3
+    'oacute':   0x00f3, # latin small letter o with acute, U+00F3 ISOlat1
+    'ocirc':    0x00f4, # latin small letter o with circumflex, U+00F4 ISOlat1
+    'oelig':    0x0153, # latin small ligature oe, U+0153 ISOlat2
+    'ograve':   0x00f2, # latin small letter o with grave, U+00F2 ISOlat1
+    'oline':    0x203e, # overline = spacing overscore, U+203E NEW
+    'omega':    0x03c9, # greek small letter omega, U+03C9 ISOgrk3
+    'omicron':  0x03bf, # greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW
+    'oplus':    0x2295, # circled plus = direct sum, U+2295 ISOamsb
+    'or':       0x2228, # logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech
+    'ordf':     0x00aa, # feminine ordinal indicator, U+00AA ISOnum
+    'ordm':     0x00ba, # masculine ordinal indicator, U+00BA ISOnum
+    'oslash':   0x00f8, # latin small letter o with stroke, = latin small letter o slash, U+00F8 ISOlat1
+    'otilde':   0x00f5, # latin small letter o with tilde, U+00F5 ISOlat1
+    'otimes':   0x2297, # circled times = vector product, U+2297 ISOamsb
+    'ouml':     0x00f6, # latin small letter o with diaeresis, U+00F6 ISOlat1
+    'para':     0x00b6, # pilcrow sign = paragraph sign, U+00B6 ISOnum
+    'part':     0x2202, # partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech
+    'permil':   0x2030, # per mille sign, U+2030 ISOtech
+    'perp':     0x22a5, # up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular, U+22A5 ISOtech
+    'phi':      0x03c6, # greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3
+    'pi':       0x03c0, # greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3
+    'piv':      0x03d6, # greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3
+    'plusmn':   0x00b1, # plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign, U+00B1 ISOnum
+    'pound':    0x00a3, # pound sign, U+00A3 ISOnum
+    'prime':    0x2032, # prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech
+    'prod':     0x220f, # n-ary product = product sign, U+220F ISOamsb
+    'prop':     0x221d, # proportional to, U+221D ISOtech
+    'psi':      0x03c8, # greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3
+    'quot':     0x0022, # quotation mark = APL quote, U+0022 ISOnum
+    'rArr':     0x21d2, # rightwards double arrow, U+21D2 ISOtech
+    'radic':    0x221a, # square root = radical sign, U+221A ISOtech
+    'rang':     0x232a, # right-pointing angle bracket = ket, U+232A ISOtech
+    'raquo':    0x00bb, # right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet, U+00BB ISOnum
+    'rarr':     0x2192, # rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum
+    'rceil':    0x2309, # right ceiling, U+2309 ISOamsc
+    'rdquo':    0x201d, # right double quotation mark, U+201D ISOnum
+    'real':     0x211c, # blackletter capital R = real part symbol, U+211C ISOamso
+    'reg':      0x00ae, # registered sign = registered trade mark sign, U+00AE ISOnum
+    'rfloor':   0x230b, # right floor, U+230B ISOamsc
+    'rho':      0x03c1, # greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3
+    'rlm':      0x200f, # right-to-left mark, U+200F NEW RFC 2070
+    'rsaquo':   0x203a, # single right-pointing angle quotation mark, U+203A ISO proposed
+    'rsquo':    0x2019, # right single quotation mark, U+2019 ISOnum
+    'sbquo':    0x201a, # single low-9 quotation mark, U+201A NEW
+    'scaron':   0x0161, # latin small letter s with caron, U+0161 ISOlat2
+    'sdot':     0x22c5, # dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb
+    'sect':     0x00a7, # section sign, U+00A7 ISOnum
+    'shy':      0x00ad, # soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen, U+00AD ISOnum
+    'sigma':    0x03c3, # greek small letter sigma, U+03C3 ISOgrk3
+    'sigmaf':   0x03c2, # greek small letter final sigma, U+03C2 ISOgrk3
+    'sim':      0x223c, # tilde operator = varies with = similar to, U+223C ISOtech
+    'spades':   0x2660, # black spade suit, U+2660 ISOpub
+    'sub':      0x2282, # subset of, U+2282 ISOtech
+    'sube':     0x2286, # subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech
+    'sum':      0x2211, # n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb
+    'sup':      0x2283, # superset of, U+2283 ISOtech
+    'sup1':     0x00b9, # superscript one = superscript digit one, U+00B9 ISOnum
+    'sup2':     0x00b2, # superscript two = superscript digit two = squared, U+00B2 ISOnum
+    'sup3':     0x00b3, # superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed, U+00B3 ISOnum
+    'supe':     0x2287, # superset of or equal to, U+2287 ISOtech
+    'szlig':    0x00df, # latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed, U+00DF ISOlat1
+    'tau':      0x03c4, # greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3
+    'there4':   0x2234, # therefore, U+2234 ISOtech
+    'theta':    0x03b8, # greek small letter theta, U+03B8 ISOgrk3
+    'thetasym': 0x03d1, # greek small letter theta symbol, U+03D1 NEW
+    'thinsp':   0x2009, # thin space, U+2009 ISOpub
+    'thorn':    0x00fe, # latin small letter thorn with, U+00FE ISOlat1
+    'tilde':    0x02dc, # small tilde, U+02DC ISOdia
+    'times':    0x00d7, # multiplication sign, U+00D7 ISOnum
+    'trade':    0x2122, # trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum
+    'uArr':     0x21d1, # upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa
+    'uacute':   0x00fa, # latin small letter u with acute, U+00FA ISOlat1
+    'uarr':     0x2191, # upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum
+    'ucirc':    0x00fb, # latin small letter u with circumflex, U+00FB ISOlat1
+    'ugrave':   0x00f9, # latin small letter u with grave, U+00F9 ISOlat1
+    'uml':      0x00a8, # diaeresis = spacing diaeresis, U+00A8 ISOdia
+    'upsih':    0x03d2, # greek upsilon with hook symbol, U+03D2 NEW
+    'upsilon':  0x03c5, # greek small letter upsilon, U+03C5 ISOgrk3
+    'uuml':     0x00fc, # latin small letter u with diaeresis, U+00FC ISOlat1
+    'weierp':   0x2118, # script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso
+    'xi':       0x03be, # greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3
+    'yacute':   0x00fd, # latin small letter y with acute, U+00FD ISOlat1
+    'yen':      0x00a5, # yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5 ISOnum
+    'yuml':     0x00ff, # latin small letter y with diaeresis, U+00FF ISOlat1
+    'zeta':     0x03b6, # greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3
+    'zwj':      0x200d, # zero width joiner, U+200D NEW RFC 2070
+    'zwnj':     0x200c, # zero width non-joiner, U+200C NEW RFC 2070
+}
+
+
+# maps the HTML5 named character references to the equivalent Unicode character(s)
+html5 = {
+    'Aacute': '\xc1',
+    'aacute': '\xe1',
+    'Aacute;': '\xc1',
+    'aacute;': '\xe1',
+    'Abreve;': '\u0102',
+    'abreve;': '\u0103',
+    'ac;': '\u223e',
+    'acd;': '\u223f',
+    'acE;': '\u223e\u0333',
+    'Acirc': '\xc2',
+    'acirc': '\xe2',
+    'Acirc;': '\xc2',
+    'acirc;': '\xe2',
+    'acute': '\xb4',
+    'acute;': '\xb4',
+    'Acy;': '\u0410',
+    'acy;': '\u0430',
+    'AElig': '\xc6',
+    'aelig': '\xe6',
+    'AElig;': '\xc6',
+    'aelig;': '\xe6',
+    'af;': '\u2061',
+    'Afr;': '\U0001d504',
+    'afr;': '\U0001d51e',
+    'Agrave': '\xc0',
+    'agrave': '\xe0',
+    'Agrave;': '\xc0',
+    'agrave;': '\xe0',
+    'alefsym;': '\u2135',
+    'aleph;': '\u2135',
+    'Alpha;': '\u0391',
+    'alpha;': '\u03b1',
+    'Amacr;': '\u0100',
+    'amacr;': '\u0101',
+    'amalg;': '\u2a3f',
+    'AMP': '&',
+    'amp': '&',
+    'AMP;': '&',
+    'amp;': '&',
+    'And;': '\u2a53',
+    'and;': '\u2227',
+    'andand;': '\u2a55',
+    'andd;': '\u2a5c',
+    'andslope;': '\u2a58',
+    'andv;': '\u2a5a',
+    'ang;': '\u2220',
+    'ange;': '\u29a4',
+    'angle;': '\u2220',
+    'angmsd;': '\u2221',
+    'angmsdaa;': '\u29a8',
+    'angmsdab;': '\u29a9',
+    'angmsdac;': '\u29aa',
+    'angmsdad;': '\u29ab',
+    'angmsdae;': '\u29ac',
+    'angmsdaf;': '\u29ad',
+    'angmsdag;': '\u29ae',
+    'angmsdah;': '\u29af',
+    'angrt;': '\u221f',
+    'angrtvb;': '\u22be',
+    'angrtvbd;': '\u299d',
+    'angsph;': '\u2222',
+    'angst;': '\xc5',
+    'angzarr;': '\u237c',
+    'Aogon;': '\u0104',
+    'aogon;': '\u0105',
+    'Aopf;': '\U0001d538',
+    'aopf;': '\U0001d552',
+    'ap;': '\u2248',
+    'apacir;': '\u2a6f',
+    'apE;': '\u2a70',
+    'ape;': '\u224a',
+    'apid;': '\u224b',
+    'apos;': "'",
+    'ApplyFunction;': '\u2061',
+    'approx;': '\u2248',
+    'approxeq;': '\u224a',
+    'Aring': '\xc5',
+    'aring': '\xe5',
+    'Aring;': '\xc5',
+    'aring;': '\xe5',
+    'Ascr;': '\U0001d49c',
+    'ascr;': '\U0001d4b6',
+    'Assign;': '\u2254',
+    'ast;': '*',
+    'asymp;': '\u2248',
+    'asympeq;': '\u224d',
+    'Atilde': '\xc3',
+    'atilde': '\xe3',
+    'Atilde;': '\xc3',
+    'atilde;': '\xe3',
+    'Auml': '\xc4',
+    'auml': '\xe4',
+    'Auml;': '\xc4',
+    'auml;': '\xe4',
+    'awconint;': '\u2233',
+    'awint;': '\u2a11',
+    'backcong;': '\u224c',
+    'backepsilon;': '\u03f6',
+    'backprime;': '\u2035',
+    'backsim;': '\u223d',
+    'backsimeq;': '\u22cd',
+    'Backslash;': '\u2216',
+    'Barv;': '\u2ae7',
+    'barvee;': '\u22bd',
+    'Barwed;': '\u2306',
+    'barwed;': '\u2305',
+    'barwedge;': '\u2305',
+    'bbrk;': '\u23b5',
+    'bbrktbrk;': '\u23b6',
+    'bcong;': '\u224c',
+    'Bcy;': '\u0411',
+    'bcy;': '\u0431',
+    'bdquo;': '\u201e',
+    'becaus;': '\u2235',
+    'Because;': '\u2235',
+    'because;': '\u2235',
+    'bemptyv;': '\u29b0',
+    'bepsi;': '\u03f6',
+    'bernou;': '\u212c',
+    'Bernoullis;': '\u212c',
+    'Beta;': '\u0392',
+    'beta;': '\u03b2',
+    'beth;': '\u2136',
+    'between;': '\u226c',
+    'Bfr;': '\U0001d505',
+    'bfr;': '\U0001d51f',
+    'bigcap;': '\u22c2',
+    'bigcirc;': '\u25ef',
+    'bigcup;': '\u22c3',
+    'bigodot;': '\u2a00',
+    'bigoplus;': '\u2a01',
+    'bigotimes;': '\u2a02',
+    'bigsqcup;': '\u2a06',
+    'bigstar;': '\u2605',
+    'bigtriangledown;': '\u25bd',
+    'bigtriangleup;': '\u25b3',
+    'biguplus;': '\u2a04',
+    'bigvee;': '\u22c1',
+    'bigwedge;': '\u22c0',
+    'bkarow;': '\u290d',
+    'blacklozenge;': '\u29eb',
+    'blacksquare;': '\u25aa',
+    'blacktriangle;': '\u25b4',
+    'blacktriangledown;': '\u25be',
+    'blacktriangleleft;': '\u25c2',
+    'blacktriangleright;': '\u25b8',
+    'blank;': '\u2423',
+    'blk12;': '\u2592',
+    'blk14;': '\u2591',
+    'blk34;': '\u2593',
+    'block;': '\u2588',
+    'bne;': '=\u20e5',
+    'bnequiv;': '\u2261\u20e5',
+    'bNot;': '\u2aed',
+    'bnot;': '\u2310',
+    'Bopf;': '\U0001d539',
+    'bopf;': '\U0001d553',
+    'bot;': '\u22a5',
+    'bottom;': '\u22a5',
+    'bowtie;': '\u22c8',
+    'boxbox;': '\u29c9',
+    'boxDL;': '\u2557',
+    'boxDl;': '\u2556',
+    'boxdL;': '\u2555',
+    'boxdl;': '\u2510',
+    'boxDR;': '\u2554',
+    'boxDr;': '\u2553',
+    'boxdR;': '\u2552',
+    'boxdr;': '\u250c',
+    'boxH;': '\u2550',
+    'boxh;': '\u2500',
+    'boxHD;': '\u2566',
+    'boxHd;': '\u2564',
+    'boxhD;': '\u2565',
+    'boxhd;': '\u252c',
+    'boxHU;': '\u2569',
+    'boxHu;': '\u2567',
+    'boxhU;': '\u2568',
+    'boxhu;': '\u2534',
+    'boxminus;': '\u229f',
+    'boxplus;': '\u229e',
+    'boxtimes;': '\u22a0',
+    'boxUL;': '\u255d',
+    'boxUl;': '\u255c',
+    'boxuL;': '\u255b',
+    'boxul;': '\u2518',
+    'boxUR;': '\u255a',
+    'boxUr;': '\u2559',
+    'boxuR;': '\u2558',
+    'boxur;': '\u2514',
+    'boxV;': '\u2551',
+    'boxv;': '\u2502',
+    'boxVH;': '\u256c',
+    'boxVh;': '\u256b',
+    'boxvH;': '\u256a',
+    'boxvh;': '\u253c',
+    'boxVL;': '\u2563',
+    'boxVl;': '\u2562',
+    'boxvL;': '\u2561',
+    'boxvl;': '\u2524',
+    'boxVR;': '\u2560',
+    'boxVr;': '\u255f',
+    'boxvR;': '\u255e',
+    'boxvr;': '\u251c',
+    'bprime;': '\u2035',
+    'Breve;': '\u02d8',
+    'breve;': '\u02d8',
+    'brvbar': '\xa6',
+    'brvbar;': '\xa6',
+    'Bscr;': '\u212c',
+    'bscr;': '\U0001d4b7',
+    'bsemi;': '\u204f',
+    'bsim;': '\u223d',
+    'bsime;': '\u22cd',
+    'bsol;': '\\',
+    'bsolb;': '\u29c5',
+    'bsolhsub;': '\u27c8',
+    'bull;': '\u2022',
+    'bullet;': '\u2022',
+    'bump;': '\u224e',
+    'bumpE;': '\u2aae',
+    'bumpe;': '\u224f',
+    'Bumpeq;': '\u224e',
+    'bumpeq;': '\u224f',
+    'Cacute;': '\u0106',
+    'cacute;': '\u0107',
+    'Cap;': '\u22d2',
+    'cap;': '\u2229',
+    'capand;': '\u2a44',
+    'capbrcup;': '\u2a49',
+    'capcap;': '\u2a4b',
+    'capcup;': '\u2a47',
+    'capdot;': '\u2a40',
+    'CapitalDifferentialD;': '\u2145',
+    'caps;': '\u2229\ufe00',
+    'caret;': '\u2041',
+    'caron;': '\u02c7',
+    'Cayleys;': '\u212d',
+    'ccaps;': '\u2a4d',
+    'Ccaron;': '\u010c',
+    'ccaron;': '\u010d',
+    'Ccedil': '\xc7',
+    'ccedil': '\xe7',
+    'Ccedil;': '\xc7',
+    'ccedil;': '\xe7',
+    'Ccirc;': '\u0108',
+    'ccirc;': '\u0109',
+    'Cconint;': '\u2230',
+    'ccups;': '\u2a4c',
+    'ccupssm;': '\u2a50',
+    'Cdot;': '\u010a',
+    'cdot;': '\u010b',
+    'cedil': '\xb8',
+    'cedil;': '\xb8',
+    'Cedilla;': '\xb8',
+    'cemptyv;': '\u29b2',
+    'cent': '\xa2',
+    'cent;': '\xa2',
+    'CenterDot;': '\xb7',
+    'centerdot;': '\xb7',
+    'Cfr;': '\u212d',
+    'cfr;': '\U0001d520',
+    'CHcy;': '\u0427',
+    'chcy;': '\u0447',
+    'check;': '\u2713',
+    'checkmark;': '\u2713',
+    'Chi;': '\u03a7',
+    'chi;': '\u03c7',
+    'cir;': '\u25cb',
+    'circ;': '\u02c6',
+    'circeq;': '\u2257',
+    'circlearrowleft;': '\u21ba',
+    'circlearrowright;': '\u21bb',
+    'circledast;': '\u229b',
+    'circledcirc;': '\u229a',
+    'circleddash;': '\u229d',
+    'CircleDot;': '\u2299',
+    'circledR;': '\xae',
+    'circledS;': '\u24c8',
+    'CircleMinus;': '\u2296',
+    'CirclePlus;': '\u2295',
+    'CircleTimes;': '\u2297',
+    'cirE;': '\u29c3',
+    'cire;': '\u2257',
+    'cirfnint;': '\u2a10',
+    'cirmid;': '\u2aef',
+    'cirscir;': '\u29c2',
+    'ClockwiseContourIntegral;': '\u2232',
+    'CloseCurlyDoubleQuote;': '\u201d',
+    'CloseCurlyQuote;': '\u2019',
+    'clubs;': '\u2663',
+    'clubsuit;': '\u2663',
+    'Colon;': '\u2237',
+    'colon;': ':',
+    'Colone;': '\u2a74',
+    'colone;': '\u2254',
+    'coloneq;': '\u2254',
+    'comma;': ',',
+    'commat;': '@',
+    'comp;': '\u2201',
+    'compfn;': '\u2218',
+    'complement;': '\u2201',
+    'complexes;': '\u2102',
+    'cong;': '\u2245',
+    'congdot;': '\u2a6d',
+    'Congruent;': '\u2261',
+    'Conint;': '\u222f',
+    'conint;': '\u222e',
+    'ContourIntegral;': '\u222e',
+    'Copf;': '\u2102',
+    'copf;': '\U0001d554',
+    'coprod;': '\u2210',
+    'Coproduct;': '\u2210',
+    'COPY': '\xa9',
+    'copy': '\xa9',
+    'COPY;': '\xa9',
+    'copy;': '\xa9',
+    'copysr;': '\u2117',
+    'CounterClockwiseContourIntegral;': '\u2233',
+    'crarr;': '\u21b5',
+    'Cross;': '\u2a2f',
+    'cross;': '\u2717',
+    'Cscr;': '\U0001d49e',
+    'cscr;': '\U0001d4b8',
+    'csub;': '\u2acf',
+    'csube;': '\u2ad1',
+    'csup;': '\u2ad0',
+    'csupe;': '\u2ad2',
+    'ctdot;': '\u22ef',
+    'cudarrl;': '\u2938',
+    'cudarrr;': '\u2935',
+    'cuepr;': '\u22de',
+    'cuesc;': '\u22df',
+    'cularr;': '\u21b6',
+    'cularrp;': '\u293d',
+    'Cup;': '\u22d3',
+    'cup;': '\u222a',
+    'cupbrcap;': '\u2a48',
+    'CupCap;': '\u224d',
+    'cupcap;': '\u2a46',
+    'cupcup;': '\u2a4a',
+    'cupdot;': '\u228d',
+    'cupor;': '\u2a45',
+    'cups;': '\u222a\ufe00',
+    'curarr;': '\u21b7',
+    'curarrm;': '\u293c',
+    'curlyeqprec;': '\u22de',
+    'curlyeqsucc;': '\u22df',
+    'curlyvee;': '\u22ce',
+    'curlywedge;': '\u22cf',
+    'curren': '\xa4',
+    'curren;': '\xa4',
+    'curvearrowleft;': '\u21b6',
+    'curvearrowright;': '\u21b7',
+    'cuvee;': '\u22ce',
+    'cuwed;': '\u22cf',
+    'cwconint;': '\u2232',
+    'cwint;': '\u2231',
+    'cylcty;': '\u232d',
+    'Dagger;': '\u2021',
+    'dagger;': '\u2020',
+    'daleth;': '\u2138',
+    'Darr;': '\u21a1',
+    'dArr;': '\u21d3',
+    'darr;': '\u2193',
+    'dash;': '\u2010',
+    'Dashv;': '\u2ae4',
+    'dashv;': '\u22a3',
+    'dbkarow;': '\u290f',
+    'dblac;': '\u02dd',
+    'Dcaron;': '\u010e',
+    'dcaron;': '\u010f',
+    'Dcy;': '\u0414',
+    'dcy;': '\u0434',
+    'DD;': '\u2145',
+    'dd;': '\u2146',
+    'ddagger;': '\u2021',
+    'ddarr;': '\u21ca',
+    'DDotrahd;': '\u2911',
+    'ddotseq;': '\u2a77',
+    'deg': '\xb0',
+    'deg;': '\xb0',
+    'Del;': '\u2207',
+    'Delta;': '\u0394',
+    'delta;': '\u03b4',
+    'demptyv;': '\u29b1',
+    'dfisht;': '\u297f',
+    'Dfr;': '\U0001d507',
+    'dfr;': '\U0001d521',
+    'dHar;': '\u2965',
+    'dharl;': '\u21c3',
+    'dharr;': '\u21c2',
+    'DiacriticalAcute;': '\xb4',
+    'DiacriticalDot;': '\u02d9',
+    'DiacriticalDoubleAcute;': '\u02dd',
+    'DiacriticalGrave;': '`',
+    'DiacriticalTilde;': '\u02dc',
+    'diam;': '\u22c4',
+    'Diamond;': '\u22c4',
+    'diamond;': '\u22c4',
+    'diamondsuit;': '\u2666',
+    'diams;': '\u2666',
+    'die;': '\xa8',
+    'DifferentialD;': '\u2146',
+    'digamma;': '\u03dd',
+    'disin;': '\u22f2',
+    'div;': '\xf7',
+    'divide': '\xf7',
+    'divide;': '\xf7',
+    'divideontimes;': '\u22c7',
+    'divonx;': '\u22c7',
+    'DJcy;': '\u0402',
+    'djcy;': '\u0452',
+    'dlcorn;': '\u231e',
+    'dlcrop;': '\u230d',
+    'dollar;': '$',
+    'Dopf;': '\U0001d53b',
+    'dopf;': '\U0001d555',
+    'Dot;': '\xa8',
+    'dot;': '\u02d9',
+    'DotDot;': '\u20dc',
+    'doteq;': '\u2250',
+    'doteqdot;': '\u2251',
+    'DotEqual;': '\u2250',
+    'dotminus;': '\u2238',
+    'dotplus;': '\u2214',
+    'dotsquare;': '\u22a1',
+    'doublebarwedge;': '\u2306',
+    'DoubleContourIntegral;': '\u222f',
+    'DoubleDot;': '\xa8',
+    'DoubleDownArrow;': '\u21d3',
+    'DoubleLeftArrow;': '\u21d0',
+    'DoubleLeftRightArrow;': '\u21d4',
+    'DoubleLeftTee;': '\u2ae4',
+    'DoubleLongLeftArrow;': '\u27f8',
+    'DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;': '\u27fa',
+    'DoubleLongRightArrow;': '\u27f9',
+    'DoubleRightArrow;': '\u21d2',
+    'DoubleRightTee;': '\u22a8',
+    'DoubleUpArrow;': '\u21d1',
+    'DoubleUpDownArrow;': '\u21d5',
+    'DoubleVerticalBar;': '\u2225',
+    'DownArrow;': '\u2193',
+    'Downarrow;': '\u21d3',
+    'downarrow;': '\u2193',
+    'DownArrowBar;': '\u2913',
+    'DownArrowUpArrow;': '\u21f5',
+    'DownBreve;': '\u0311',
+    'downdownarrows;': '\u21ca',
+    'downharpoonleft;': '\u21c3',
+    'downharpoonright;': '\u21c2',
+    'DownLeftRightVector;': '\u2950',
+    'DownLeftTeeVector;': '\u295e',
+    'DownLeftVector;': '\u21bd',
+    'DownLeftVectorBar;': '\u2956',
+    'DownRightTeeVector;': '\u295f',
+    'DownRightVector;': '\u21c1',
+    'DownRightVectorBar;': '\u2957',
+    'DownTee;': '\u22a4',
+    'DownTeeArrow;': '\u21a7',
+    'drbkarow;': '\u2910',
+    'drcorn;': '\u231f',
+    'drcrop;': '\u230c',
+    'Dscr;': '\U0001d49f',
+    'dscr;': '\U0001d4b9',
+    'DScy;': '\u0405',
+    'dscy;': '\u0455',
+    'dsol;': '\u29f6',
+    'Dstrok;': '\u0110',
+    'dstrok;': '\u0111',
+    'dtdot;': '\u22f1',
+    'dtri;': '\u25bf',
+    'dtrif;': '\u25be',
+    'duarr;': '\u21f5',
+    'duhar;': '\u296f',
+    'dwangle;': '\u29a6',
+    'DZcy;': '\u040f',
+    'dzcy;': '\u045f',
+    'dzigrarr;': '\u27ff',
+    'Eacute': '\xc9',
+    'eacute': '\xe9',
+    'Eacute;': '\xc9',
+    'eacute;': '\xe9',
+    'easter;': '\u2a6e',
+    'Ecaron;': '\u011a',
+    'ecaron;': '\u011b',
+    'ecir;': '\u2256',
+    'Ecirc': '\xca',
+    'ecirc': '\xea',
+    'Ecirc;': '\xca',
+    'ecirc;': '\xea',
+    'ecolon;': '\u2255',
+    'Ecy;': '\u042d',
+    'ecy;': '\u044d',
+    'eDDot;': '\u2a77',
+    'Edot;': '\u0116',
+    'eDot;': '\u2251',
+    'edot;': '\u0117',
+    'ee;': '\u2147',
+    'efDot;': '\u2252',
+    'Efr;': '\U0001d508',
+    'efr;': '\U0001d522',
+    'eg;': '\u2a9a',
+    'Egrave': '\xc8',
+    'egrave': '\xe8',
+    'Egrave;': '\xc8',
+    'egrave;': '\xe8',
+    'egs;': '\u2a96',
+    'egsdot;': '\u2a98',
+    'el;': '\u2a99',
+    'Element;': '\u2208',
+    'elinters;': '\u23e7',
+    'ell;': '\u2113',
+    'els;': '\u2a95',
+    'elsdot;': '\u2a97',
+    'Emacr;': '\u0112',
+    'emacr;': '\u0113',
+    'empty;': '\u2205',
+    'emptyset;': '\u2205',
+    'EmptySmallSquare;': '\u25fb',
+    'emptyv;': '\u2205',
+    'EmptyVerySmallSquare;': '\u25ab',
+    'emsp13;': '\u2004',
+    'emsp14;': '\u2005',
+    'emsp;': '\u2003',
+    'ENG;': '\u014a',
+    'eng;': '\u014b',
+    'ensp;': '\u2002',
+    'Eogon;': '\u0118',
+    'eogon;': '\u0119',
+    'Eopf;': '\U0001d53c',
+    'eopf;': '\U0001d556',
+    'epar;': '\u22d5',
+    'eparsl;': '\u29e3',
+    'eplus;': '\u2a71',
+    'epsi;': '\u03b5',
+    'Epsilon;': '\u0395',
+    'epsilon;': '\u03b5',
+    'epsiv;': '\u03f5',
+    'eqcirc;': '\u2256',
+    'eqcolon;': '\u2255',
+    'eqsim;': '\u2242',
+    'eqslantgtr;': '\u2a96',
+    'eqslantless;': '\u2a95',
+    'Equal;': '\u2a75',
+    'equals;': '=',
+    'EqualTilde;': '\u2242',
+    'equest;': '\u225f',
+    'Equilibrium;': '\u21cc',
+    'equiv;': '\u2261',
+    'equivDD;': '\u2a78',
+    'eqvparsl;': '\u29e5',
+    'erarr;': '\u2971',
+    'erDot;': '\u2253',
+    'Escr;': '\u2130',
+    'escr;': '\u212f',
+    'esdot;': '\u2250',
+    'Esim;': '\u2a73',
+    'esim;': '\u2242',
+    'Eta;': '\u0397',
+    'eta;': '\u03b7',
+    'ETH': '\xd0',
+    'eth': '\xf0',
+    'ETH;': '\xd0',
+    'eth;': '\xf0',
+    'Euml': '\xcb',
+    'euml': '\xeb',
+    'Euml;': '\xcb',
+    'euml;': '\xeb',
+    'euro;': '\u20ac',
+    'excl;': '!',
+    'exist;': '\u2203',
+    'Exists;': '\u2203',
+    'expectation;': '\u2130',
+    'ExponentialE;': '\u2147',
+    'exponentiale;': '\u2147',
+    'fallingdotseq;': '\u2252',
+    'Fcy;': '\u0424',
+    'fcy;': '\u0444',
+    'female;': '\u2640',
+    'ffilig;': '\ufb03',
+    'fflig;': '\ufb00',
+    'ffllig;': '\ufb04',
+    'Ffr;': '\U0001d509',
+    'ffr;': '\U0001d523',
+    'filig;': '\ufb01',
+    'FilledSmallSquare;': '\u25fc',
+    'FilledVerySmallSquare;': '\u25aa',
+    'fjlig;': 'fj',
+    'flat;': '\u266d',
+    'fllig;': '\ufb02',
+    'fltns;': '\u25b1',
+    'fnof;': '\u0192',
+    'Fopf;': '\U0001d53d',
+    'fopf;': '\U0001d557',
+    'ForAll;': '\u2200',
+    'forall;': '\u2200',
+    'fork;': '\u22d4',
+    'forkv;': '\u2ad9',
+    'Fouriertrf;': '\u2131',
+    'fpartint;': '\u2a0d',
+    'frac12': '\xbd',
+    'frac12;': '\xbd',
+    'frac13;': '\u2153',
+    'frac14': '\xbc',
+    'frac14;': '\xbc',
+    'frac15;': '\u2155',
+    'frac16;': '\u2159',
+    'frac18;': '\u215b',
+    'frac23;': '\u2154',
+    'frac25;': '\u2156',
+    'frac34': '\xbe',
+    'frac34;': '\xbe',
+    'frac35;': '\u2157',
+    'frac38;': '\u215c',
+    'frac45;': '\u2158',
+    'frac56;': '\u215a',
+    'frac58;': '\u215d',
+    'frac78;': '\u215e',
+    'frasl;': '\u2044',
+    'frown;': '\u2322',
+    'Fscr;': '\u2131',
+    'fscr;': '\U0001d4bb',
+    'gacute;': '\u01f5',
+    'Gamma;': '\u0393',
+    'gamma;': '\u03b3',
+    'Gammad;': '\u03dc',
+    'gammad;': '\u03dd',
+    'gap;': '\u2a86',
+    'Gbreve;': '\u011e',
+    'gbreve;': '\u011f',
+    'Gcedil;': '\u0122',
+    'Gcirc;': '\u011c',
+    'gcirc;': '\u011d',
+    'Gcy;': '\u0413',
+    'gcy;': '\u0433',
+    'Gdot;': '\u0120',
+    'gdot;': '\u0121',
+    'gE;': '\u2267',
+    'ge;': '\u2265',
+    'gEl;': '\u2a8c',
+    'gel;': '\u22db',
+    'geq;': '\u2265',
+    'geqq;': '\u2267',
+    'geqslant;': '\u2a7e',
+    'ges;': '\u2a7e',
+    'gescc;': '\u2aa9',
+    'gesdot;': '\u2a80',
+    'gesdoto;': '\u2a82',
+    'gesdotol;': '\u2a84',
+    'gesl;': '\u22db\ufe00',
+    'gesles;': '\u2a94',
+    'Gfr;': '\U0001d50a',
+    'gfr;': '\U0001d524',
+    'Gg;': '\u22d9',
+    'gg;': '\u226b',
+    'ggg;': '\u22d9',
+    'gimel;': '\u2137',
+    'GJcy;': '\u0403',
+    'gjcy;': '\u0453',
+    'gl;': '\u2277',
+    'gla;': '\u2aa5',
+    'glE;': '\u2a92',
+    'glj;': '\u2aa4',
+    'gnap;': '\u2a8a',
+    'gnapprox;': '\u2a8a',
+    'gnE;': '\u2269',
+    'gne;': '\u2a88',
+    'gneq;': '\u2a88',
+    'gneqq;': '\u2269',
+    'gnsim;': '\u22e7',
+    'Gopf;': '\U0001d53e',
+    'gopf;': '\U0001d558',
+    'grave;': '`',
+    'GreaterEqual;': '\u2265',
+    'GreaterEqualLess;': '\u22db',
+    'GreaterFullEqual;': '\u2267',
+    'GreaterGreater;': '\u2aa2',
+    'GreaterLess;': '\u2277',
+    'GreaterSlantEqual;': '\u2a7e',
+    'GreaterTilde;': '\u2273',
+    'Gscr;': '\U0001d4a2',
+    'gscr;': '\u210a',
+    'gsim;': '\u2273',
+    'gsime;': '\u2a8e',
+    'gsiml;': '\u2a90',
+    'GT': '>',
+    'gt': '>',
+    'GT;': '>',
+    'Gt;': '\u226b',
+    'gt;': '>',
+    'gtcc;': '\u2aa7',
+    'gtcir;': '\u2a7a',
+    'gtdot;': '\u22d7',
+    'gtlPar;': '\u2995',
+    'gtquest;': '\u2a7c',
+    'gtrapprox;': '\u2a86',
+    'gtrarr;': '\u2978',
+    'gtrdot;': '\u22d7',
+    'gtreqless;': '\u22db',
+    'gtreqqless;': '\u2a8c',
+    'gtrless;': '\u2277',
+    'gtrsim;': '\u2273',
+    'gvertneqq;': '\u2269\ufe00',
+    'gvnE;': '\u2269\ufe00',
+    'Hacek;': '\u02c7',
+    'hairsp;': '\u200a',
+    'half;': '\xbd',
+    'hamilt;': '\u210b',
+    'HARDcy;': '\u042a',
+    'hardcy;': '\u044a',
+    'hArr;': '\u21d4',
+    'harr;': '\u2194',
+    'harrcir;': '\u2948',
+    'harrw;': '\u21ad',
+    'Hat;': '^',
+    'hbar;': '\u210f',
+    'Hcirc;': '\u0124',
+    'hcirc;': '\u0125',
+    'hearts;': '\u2665',
+    'heartsuit;': '\u2665',
+    'hellip;': '\u2026',
+    'hercon;': '\u22b9',
+    'Hfr;': '\u210c',
+    'hfr;': '\U0001d525',
+    'HilbertSpace;': '\u210b',
+    'hksearow;': '\u2925',
+    'hkswarow;': '\u2926',
+    'hoarr;': '\u21ff',
+    'homtht;': '\u223b',
+    'hookleftarrow;': '\u21a9',
+    'hookrightarrow;': '\u21aa',
+    'Hopf;': '\u210d',
+    'hopf;': '\U0001d559',
+    'horbar;': '\u2015',
+    'HorizontalLine;': '\u2500',
+    'Hscr;': '\u210b',
+    'hscr;': '\U0001d4bd',
+    'hslash;': '\u210f',
+    'Hstrok;': '\u0126',
+    'hstrok;': '\u0127',
+    'HumpDownHump;': '\u224e',
+    'HumpEqual;': '\u224f',
+    'hybull;': '\u2043',
+    'hyphen;': '\u2010',
+    'Iacute': '\xcd',
+    'iacute': '\xed',
+    'Iacute;': '\xcd',
+    'iacute;': '\xed',
+    'ic;': '\u2063',
+    'Icirc': '\xce',
+    'icirc': '\xee',
+    'Icirc;': '\xce',
+    'icirc;': '\xee',
+    'Icy;': '\u0418',
+    'icy;': '\u0438',
+    'Idot;': '\u0130',
+    'IEcy;': '\u0415',
+    'iecy;': '\u0435',
+    'iexcl': '\xa1',
+    'iexcl;': '\xa1',
+    'iff;': '\u21d4',
+    'Ifr;': '\u2111',
+    'ifr;': '\U0001d526',
+    'Igrave': '\xcc',
+    'igrave': '\xec',
+    'Igrave;': '\xcc',
+    'igrave;': '\xec',
+    'ii;': '\u2148',
+    'iiiint;': '\u2a0c',
+    'iiint;': '\u222d',
+    'iinfin;': '\u29dc',
+    'iiota;': '\u2129',
+    'IJlig;': '\u0132',
+    'ijlig;': '\u0133',
+    'Im;': '\u2111',
+    'Imacr;': '\u012a',
+    'imacr;': '\u012b',
+    'image;': '\u2111',
+    'ImaginaryI;': '\u2148',
+    'imagline;': '\u2110',
+    'imagpart;': '\u2111',
+    'imath;': '\u0131',
+    'imof;': '\u22b7',
+    'imped;': '\u01b5',
+    'Implies;': '\u21d2',
+    'in;': '\u2208',
+    'incare;': '\u2105',
+    'infin;': '\u221e',
+    'infintie;': '\u29dd',
+    'inodot;': '\u0131',
+    'Int;': '\u222c',
+    'int;': '\u222b',
+    'intcal;': '\u22ba',
+    'integers;': '\u2124',
+    'Integral;': '\u222b',
+    'intercal;': '\u22ba',
+    'Intersection;': '\u22c2',
+    'intlarhk;': '\u2a17',
+    'intprod;': '\u2a3c',
+    'InvisibleComma;': '\u2063',
+    'InvisibleTimes;': '\u2062',
+    'IOcy;': '\u0401',
+    'iocy;': '\u0451',
+    'Iogon;': '\u012e',
+    'iogon;': '\u012f',
+    'Iopf;': '\U0001d540',
+    'iopf;': '\U0001d55a',
+    'Iota;': '\u0399',
+    'iota;': '\u03b9',
+    'iprod;': '\u2a3c',
+    'iquest': '\xbf',
+    'iquest;': '\xbf',
+    'Iscr;': '\u2110',
+    'iscr;': '\U0001d4be',
+    'isin;': '\u2208',
+    'isindot;': '\u22f5',
+    'isinE;': '\u22f9',
+    'isins;': '\u22f4',
+    'isinsv;': '\u22f3',
+    'isinv;': '\u2208',
+    'it;': '\u2062',
+    'Itilde;': '\u0128',
+    'itilde;': '\u0129',
+    'Iukcy;': '\u0406',
+    'iukcy;': '\u0456',
+    'Iuml': '\xcf',
+    'iuml': '\xef',
+    'Iuml;': '\xcf',
+    'iuml;': '\xef',
+    'Jcirc;': '\u0134',
+    'jcirc;': '\u0135',
+    'Jcy;': '\u0419',
+    'jcy;': '\u0439',
+    'Jfr;': '\U0001d50d',
+    'jfr;': '\U0001d527',
+    'jmath;': '\u0237',
+    'Jopf;': '\U0001d541',
+    'jopf;': '\U0001d55b',
+    'Jscr;': '\U0001d4a5',
+    'jscr;': '\U0001d4bf',
+    'Jsercy;': '\u0408',
+    'jsercy;': '\u0458',
+    'Jukcy;': '\u0404',
+    'jukcy;': '\u0454',
+    'Kappa;': '\u039a',
+    'kappa;': '\u03ba',
+    'kappav;': '\u03f0',
+    'Kcedil;': '\u0136',
+    'kcedil;': '\u0137',
+    'Kcy;': '\u041a',
+    'kcy;': '\u043a',
+    'Kfr;': '\U0001d50e',
+    'kfr;': '\U0001d528',
+    'kgreen;': '\u0138',
+    'KHcy;': '\u0425',
+    'khcy;': '\u0445',
+    'KJcy;': '\u040c',
+    'kjcy;': '\u045c',
+    'Kopf;': '\U0001d542',
+    'kopf;': '\U0001d55c',
+    'Kscr;': '\U0001d4a6',
+    'kscr;': '\U0001d4c0',
+    'lAarr;': '\u21da',
+    'Lacute;': '\u0139',
+    'lacute;': '\u013a',
+    'laemptyv;': '\u29b4',
+    'lagran;': '\u2112',
+    'Lambda;': '\u039b',
+    'lambda;': '\u03bb',
+    'Lang;': '\u27ea',
+    'lang;': '\u27e8',
+    'langd;': '\u2991',
+    'langle;': '\u27e8',
+    'lap;': '\u2a85',
+    'Laplacetrf;': '\u2112',
+    'laquo': '\xab',
+    'laquo;': '\xab',
+    'Larr;': '\u219e',
+    'lArr;': '\u21d0',
+    'larr;': '\u2190',
+    'larrb;': '\u21e4',
+    'larrbfs;': '\u291f',
+    'larrfs;': '\u291d',
+    'larrhk;': '\u21a9',
+    'larrlp;': '\u21ab',
+    'larrpl;': '\u2939',
+    'larrsim;': '\u2973',
+    'larrtl;': '\u21a2',
+    'lat;': '\u2aab',
+    'lAtail;': '\u291b',
+    'latail;': '\u2919',
+    'late;': '\u2aad',
+    'lates;': '\u2aad\ufe00',
+    'lBarr;': '\u290e',
+    'lbarr;': '\u290c',
+    'lbbrk;': '\u2772',
+    'lbrace;': '{',
+    'lbrack;': '[',
+    'lbrke;': '\u298b',
+    'lbrksld;': '\u298f',
+    'lbrkslu;': '\u298d',
+    'Lcaron;': '\u013d',
+    'lcaron;': '\u013e',
+    'Lcedil;': '\u013b',
+    'lcedil;': '\u013c',
+    'lceil;': '\u2308',
+    'lcub;': '{',
+    'Lcy;': '\u041b',
+    'lcy;': '\u043b',
+    'ldca;': '\u2936',
+    'ldquo;': '\u201c',
+    'ldquor;': '\u201e',
+    'ldrdhar;': '\u2967',
+    'ldrushar;': '\u294b',
+    'ldsh;': '\u21b2',
+    'lE;': '\u2266',
+    'le;': '\u2264',
+    'LeftAngleBracket;': '\u27e8',
+    'LeftArrow;': '\u2190',
+    'Leftarrow;': '\u21d0',
+    'leftarrow;': '\u2190',
+    'LeftArrowBar;': '\u21e4',
+    'LeftArrowRightArrow;': '\u21c6',
+    'leftarrowtail;': '\u21a2',
+    'LeftCeiling;': '\u2308',
+    'LeftDoubleBracket;': '\u27e6',
+    'LeftDownTeeVector;': '\u2961',
+    'LeftDownVector;': '\u21c3',
+    'LeftDownVectorBar;': '\u2959',
+    'LeftFloor;': '\u230a',
+    'leftharpoondown;': '\u21bd',
+    'leftharpoonup;': '\u21bc',
+    'leftleftarrows;': '\u21c7',
+    'LeftRightArrow;': '\u2194',
+    'Leftrightarrow;': '\u21d4',
+    'leftrightarrow;': '\u2194',
+    'leftrightarrows;': '\u21c6',
+    'leftrightharpoons;': '\u21cb',
+    'leftrightsquigarrow;': '\u21ad',
+    'LeftRightVector;': '\u294e',
+    'LeftTee;': '\u22a3',
+    'LeftTeeArrow;': '\u21a4',
+    'LeftTeeVector;': '\u295a',
+    'leftthreetimes;': '\u22cb',
+    'LeftTriangle;': '\u22b2',
+    'LeftTriangleBar;': '\u29cf',
+    'LeftTriangleEqual;': '\u22b4',
+    'LeftUpDownVector;': '\u2951',
+    'LeftUpTeeVector;': '\u2960',
+    'LeftUpVector;': '\u21bf',
+    'LeftUpVectorBar;': '\u2958',
+    'LeftVector;': '\u21bc',
+    'LeftVectorBar;': '\u2952',
+    'lEg;': '\u2a8b',
+    'leg;': '\u22da',
+    'leq;': '\u2264',
+    'leqq;': '\u2266',
+    'leqslant;': '\u2a7d',
+    'les;': '\u2a7d',
+    'lescc;': '\u2aa8',
+    'lesdot;': '\u2a7f',
+    'lesdoto;': '\u2a81',
+    'lesdotor;': '\u2a83',
+    'lesg;': '\u22da\ufe00',
+    'lesges;': '\u2a93',
+    'lessapprox;': '\u2a85',
+    'lessdot;': '\u22d6',
+    'lesseqgtr;': '\u22da',
+    'lesseqqgtr;': '\u2a8b',
+    'LessEqualGreater;': '\u22da',
+    'LessFullEqual;': '\u2266',
+    'LessGreater;': '\u2276',
+    'lessgtr;': '\u2276',
+    'LessLess;': '\u2aa1',
+    'lesssim;': '\u2272',
+    'LessSlantEqual;': '\u2a7d',
+    'LessTilde;': '\u2272',
+    'lfisht;': '\u297c',
+    'lfloor;': '\u230a',
+    'Lfr;': '\U0001d50f',
+    'lfr;': '\U0001d529',
+    'lg;': '\u2276',
+    'lgE;': '\u2a91',
+    'lHar;': '\u2962',
+    'lhard;': '\u21bd',
+    'lharu;': '\u21bc',
+    'lharul;': '\u296a',
+    'lhblk;': '\u2584',
+    'LJcy;': '\u0409',
+    'ljcy;': '\u0459',
+    'Ll;': '\u22d8',
+    'll;': '\u226a',
+    'llarr;': '\u21c7',
+    'llcorner;': '\u231e',
+    'Lleftarrow;': '\u21da',
+    'llhard;': '\u296b',
+    'lltri;': '\u25fa',
+    'Lmidot;': '\u013f',
+    'lmidot;': '\u0140',
+    'lmoust;': '\u23b0',
+    'lmoustache;': '\u23b0',
+    'lnap;': '\u2a89',
+    'lnapprox;': '\u2a89',
+    'lnE;': '\u2268',
+    'lne;': '\u2a87',
+    'lneq;': '\u2a87',
+    'lneqq;': '\u2268',
+    'lnsim;': '\u22e6',
+    'loang;': '\u27ec',
+    'loarr;': '\u21fd',
+    'lobrk;': '\u27e6',
+    'LongLeftArrow;': '\u27f5',
+    'Longleftarrow;': '\u27f8',
+    'longleftarrow;': '\u27f5',
+    'LongLeftRightArrow;': '\u27f7',
+    'Longleftrightarrow;': '\u27fa',
+    'longleftrightarrow;': '\u27f7',
+    'longmapsto;': '\u27fc',
+    'LongRightArrow;': '\u27f6',
+    'Longrightarrow;': '\u27f9',
+    'longrightarrow;': '\u27f6',
+    'looparrowleft;': '\u21ab',
+    'looparrowright;': '\u21ac',
+    'lopar;': '\u2985',
+    'Lopf;': '\U0001d543',
+    'lopf;': '\U0001d55d',
+    'loplus;': '\u2a2d',
+    'lotimes;': '\u2a34',
+    'lowast;': '\u2217',
+    'lowbar;': '_',
+    'LowerLeftArrow;': '\u2199',
+    'LowerRightArrow;': '\u2198',
+    'loz;': '\u25ca',
+    'lozenge;': '\u25ca',
+    'lozf;': '\u29eb',
+    'lpar;': '(',
+    'lparlt;': '\u2993',
+    'lrarr;': '\u21c6',
+    'lrcorner;': '\u231f',
+    'lrhar;': '\u21cb',
+    'lrhard;': '\u296d',
+    'lrm;': '\u200e',
+    'lrtri;': '\u22bf',
+    'lsaquo;': '\u2039',
+    'Lscr;': '\u2112',
+    'lscr;': '\U0001d4c1',
+    'Lsh;': '\u21b0',
+    'lsh;': '\u21b0',
+    'lsim;': '\u2272',
+    'lsime;': '\u2a8d',
+    'lsimg;': '\u2a8f',
+    'lsqb;': '[',
+    'lsquo;': '\u2018',
+    'lsquor;': '\u201a',
+    'Lstrok;': '\u0141',
+    'lstrok;': '\u0142',
+    'LT': '<',
+    'lt': '<',
+    'LT;': '<',
+    'Lt;': '\u226a',
+    'lt;': '<',
+    'ltcc;': '\u2aa6',
+    'ltcir;': '\u2a79',
+    'ltdot;': '\u22d6',
+    'lthree;': '\u22cb',
+    'ltimes;': '\u22c9',
+    'ltlarr;': '\u2976',
+    'ltquest;': '\u2a7b',
+    'ltri;': '\u25c3',
+    'ltrie;': '\u22b4',
+    'ltrif;': '\u25c2',
+    'ltrPar;': '\u2996',
+    'lurdshar;': '\u294a',
+    'luruhar;': '\u2966',
+    'lvertneqq;': '\u2268\ufe00',
+    'lvnE;': '\u2268\ufe00',
+    'macr': '\xaf',
+    'macr;': '\xaf',
+    'male;': '\u2642',
+    'malt;': '\u2720',
+    'maltese;': '\u2720',
+    'Map;': '\u2905',
+    'map;': '\u21a6',
+    'mapsto;': '\u21a6',
+    'mapstodown;': '\u21a7',
+    'mapstoleft;': '\u21a4',
+    'mapstoup;': '\u21a5',
+    'marker;': '\u25ae',
+    'mcomma;': '\u2a29',
+    'Mcy;': '\u041c',
+    'mcy;': '\u043c',
+    'mdash;': '\u2014',
+    'mDDot;': '\u223a',
+    'measuredangle;': '\u2221',
+    'MediumSpace;': '\u205f',
+    'Mellintrf;': '\u2133',
+    'Mfr;': '\U0001d510',
+    'mfr;': '\U0001d52a',
+    'mho;': '\u2127',
+    'micro': '\xb5',
+    'micro;': '\xb5',
+    'mid;': '\u2223',
+    'midast;': '*',
+    'midcir;': '\u2af0',
+    'middot': '\xb7',
+    'middot;': '\xb7',
+    'minus;': '\u2212',
+    'minusb;': '\u229f',
+    'minusd;': '\u2238',
+    'minusdu;': '\u2a2a',
+    'MinusPlus;': '\u2213',
+    'mlcp;': '\u2adb',
+    'mldr;': '\u2026',
+    'mnplus;': '\u2213',
+    'models;': '\u22a7',
+    'Mopf;': '\U0001d544',
+    'mopf;': '\U0001d55e',
+    'mp;': '\u2213',
+    'Mscr;': '\u2133',
+    'mscr;': '\U0001d4c2',
+    'mstpos;': '\u223e',
+    'Mu;': '\u039c',
+    'mu;': '\u03bc',
+    'multimap;': '\u22b8',
+    'mumap;': '\u22b8',
+    'nabla;': '\u2207',
+    'Nacute;': '\u0143',
+    'nacute;': '\u0144',
+    'nang;': '\u2220\u20d2',
+    'nap;': '\u2249',
+    'napE;': '\u2a70\u0338',
+    'napid;': '\u224b\u0338',
+    'napos;': '\u0149',
+    'napprox;': '\u2249',
+    'natur;': '\u266e',
+    'natural;': '\u266e',
+    'naturals;': '\u2115',
+    'nbsp': '\xa0',
+    'nbsp;': '\xa0',
+    'nbump;': '\u224e\u0338',
+    'nbumpe;': '\u224f\u0338',
+    'ncap;': '\u2a43',
+    'Ncaron;': '\u0147',
+    'ncaron;': '\u0148',
+    'Ncedil;': '\u0145',
+    'ncedil;': '\u0146',
+    'ncong;': '\u2247',
+    'ncongdot;': '\u2a6d\u0338',
+    'ncup;': '\u2a42',
+    'Ncy;': '\u041d',
+    'ncy;': '\u043d',
+    'ndash;': '\u2013',
+    'ne;': '\u2260',
+    'nearhk;': '\u2924',
+    'neArr;': '\u21d7',
+    'nearr;': '\u2197',
+    'nearrow;': '\u2197',
+    'nedot;': '\u2250\u0338',
+    'NegativeMediumSpace;': '\u200b',
+    'NegativeThickSpace;': '\u200b',
+    'NegativeThinSpace;': '\u200b',
+    'NegativeVeryThinSpace;': '\u200b',
+    'nequiv;': '\u2262',
+    'nesear;': '\u2928',
+    'nesim;': '\u2242\u0338',
+    'NestedGreaterGreater;': '\u226b',
+    'NestedLessLess;': '\u226a',
+    'NewLine;': '\n',
+    'nexist;': '\u2204',
+    'nexists;': '\u2204',
+    'Nfr;': '\U0001d511',
+    'nfr;': '\U0001d52b',
+    'ngE;': '\u2267\u0338',
+    'nge;': '\u2271',
+    'ngeq;': '\u2271',
+    'ngeqq;': '\u2267\u0338',
+    'ngeqslant;': '\u2a7e\u0338',
+    'nges;': '\u2a7e\u0338',
+    'nGg;': '\u22d9\u0338',
+    'ngsim;': '\u2275',
+    'nGt;': '\u226b\u20d2',
+    'ngt;': '\u226f',
+    'ngtr;': '\u226f',
+    'nGtv;': '\u226b\u0338',
+    'nhArr;': '\u21ce',
+    'nharr;': '\u21ae',
+    'nhpar;': '\u2af2',
+    'ni;': '\u220b',
+    'nis;': '\u22fc',
+    'nisd;': '\u22fa',
+    'niv;': '\u220b',
+    'NJcy;': '\u040a',
+    'njcy;': '\u045a',
+    'nlArr;': '\u21cd',
+    'nlarr;': '\u219a',
+    'nldr;': '\u2025',
+    'nlE;': '\u2266\u0338',
+    'nle;': '\u2270',
+    'nLeftarrow;': '\u21cd',
+    'nleftarrow;': '\u219a',
+    'nLeftrightarrow;': '\u21ce',
+    'nleftrightarrow;': '\u21ae',
+    'nleq;': '\u2270',
+    'nleqq;': '\u2266\u0338',
+    'nleqslant;': '\u2a7d\u0338',
+    'nles;': '\u2a7d\u0338',
+    'nless;': '\u226e',
+    'nLl;': '\u22d8\u0338',
+    'nlsim;': '\u2274',
+    'nLt;': '\u226a\u20d2',
+    'nlt;': '\u226e',
+    'nltri;': '\u22ea',
+    'nltrie;': '\u22ec',
+    'nLtv;': '\u226a\u0338',
+    'nmid;': '\u2224',
+    'NoBreak;': '\u2060',
+    'NonBreakingSpace;': '\xa0',
+    'Nopf;': '\u2115',
+    'nopf;': '\U0001d55f',
+    'not': '\xac',
+    'Not;': '\u2aec',
+    'not;': '\xac',
+    'NotCongruent;': '\u2262',
+    'NotCupCap;': '\u226d',
+    'NotDoubleVerticalBar;': '\u2226',
+    'NotElement;': '\u2209',
+    'NotEqual;': '\u2260',
+    'NotEqualTilde;': '\u2242\u0338',
+    'NotExists;': '\u2204',
+    'NotGreater;': '\u226f',
+    'NotGreaterEqual;': '\u2271',
+    'NotGreaterFullEqual;': '\u2267\u0338',
+    'NotGreaterGreater;': '\u226b\u0338',
+    'NotGreaterLess;': '\u2279',
+    'NotGreaterSlantEqual;': '\u2a7e\u0338',
+    'NotGreaterTilde;': '\u2275',
+    'NotHumpDownHump;': '\u224e\u0338',
+    'NotHumpEqual;': '\u224f\u0338',
+    'notin;': '\u2209',
+    'notindot;': '\u22f5\u0338',
+    'notinE;': '\u22f9\u0338',
+    'notinva;': '\u2209',
+    'notinvb;': '\u22f7',
+    'notinvc;': '\u22f6',
+    'NotLeftTriangle;': '\u22ea',
+    'NotLeftTriangleBar;': '\u29cf\u0338',
+    'NotLeftTriangleEqual;': '\u22ec',
+    'NotLess;': '\u226e',
+    'NotLessEqual;': '\u2270',
+    'NotLessGreater;': '\u2278',
+    'NotLessLess;': '\u226a\u0338',
+    'NotLessSlantEqual;': '\u2a7d\u0338',
+    'NotLessTilde;': '\u2274',
+    'NotNestedGreaterGreater;': '\u2aa2\u0338',
+    'NotNestedLessLess;': '\u2aa1\u0338',
+    'notni;': '\u220c',
+    'notniva;': '\u220c',
+    'notnivb;': '\u22fe',
+    'notnivc;': '\u22fd',
+    'NotPrecedes;': '\u2280',
+    'NotPrecedesEqual;': '\u2aaf\u0338',
+    'NotPrecedesSlantEqual;': '\u22e0',
+    'NotReverseElement;': '\u220c',
+    'NotRightTriangle;': '\u22eb',
+    'NotRightTriangleBar;': '\u29d0\u0338',
+    'NotRightTriangleEqual;': '\u22ed',
+    'NotSquareSubset;': '\u228f\u0338',
+    'NotSquareSubsetEqual;': '\u22e2',
+    'NotSquareSuperset;': '\u2290\u0338',
+    'NotSquareSupersetEqual;': '\u22e3',
+    'NotSubset;': '\u2282\u20d2',
+    'NotSubsetEqual;': '\u2288',
+    'NotSucceeds;': '\u2281',
+    'NotSucceedsEqual;': '\u2ab0\u0338',
+    'NotSucceedsSlantEqual;': '\u22e1',
+    'NotSucceedsTilde;': '\u227f\u0338',
+    'NotSuperset;': '\u2283\u20d2',
+    'NotSupersetEqual;': '\u2289',
+    'NotTilde;': '\u2241',
+    'NotTildeEqual;': '\u2244',
+    'NotTildeFullEqual;': '\u2247',
+    'NotTildeTilde;': '\u2249',
+    'NotVerticalBar;': '\u2224',
+    'npar;': '\u2226',
+    'nparallel;': '\u2226',
+    'nparsl;': '\u2afd\u20e5',
+    'npart;': '\u2202\u0338',
+    'npolint;': '\u2a14',
+    'npr;': '\u2280',
+    'nprcue;': '\u22e0',
+    'npre;': '\u2aaf\u0338',
+    'nprec;': '\u2280',
+    'npreceq;': '\u2aaf\u0338',
+    'nrArr;': '\u21cf',
+    'nrarr;': '\u219b',
+    'nrarrc;': '\u2933\u0338',
+    'nrarrw;': '\u219d\u0338',
+    'nRightarrow;': '\u21cf',
+    'nrightarrow;': '\u219b',
+    'nrtri;': '\u22eb',
+    'nrtrie;': '\u22ed',
+    'nsc;': '\u2281',
+    'nsccue;': '\u22e1',
+    'nsce;': '\u2ab0\u0338',
+    'Nscr;': '\U0001d4a9',
+    'nscr;': '\U0001d4c3',
+    'nshortmid;': '\u2224',
+    'nshortparallel;': '\u2226',
+    'nsim;': '\u2241',
+    'nsime;': '\u2244',
+    'nsimeq;': '\u2244',
+    'nsmid;': '\u2224',
+    'nspar;': '\u2226',
+    'nsqsube;': '\u22e2',
+    'nsqsupe;': '\u22e3',
+    'nsub;': '\u2284',
+    'nsubE;': '\u2ac5\u0338',
+    'nsube;': '\u2288',
+    'nsubset;': '\u2282\u20d2',
+    'nsubseteq;': '\u2288',
+    'nsubseteqq;': '\u2ac5\u0338',
+    'nsucc;': '\u2281',
+    'nsucceq;': '\u2ab0\u0338',
+    'nsup;': '\u2285',
+    'nsupE;': '\u2ac6\u0338',
+    'nsupe;': '\u2289',
+    'nsupset;': '\u2283\u20d2',
+    'nsupseteq;': '\u2289',
+    'nsupseteqq;': '\u2ac6\u0338',
+    'ntgl;': '\u2279',
+    'Ntilde': '\xd1',
+    'ntilde': '\xf1',
+    'Ntilde;': '\xd1',
+    'ntilde;': '\xf1',
+    'ntlg;': '\u2278',
+    'ntriangleleft;': '\u22ea',
+    'ntrianglelefteq;': '\u22ec',
+    'ntriangleright;': '\u22eb',
+    'ntrianglerighteq;': '\u22ed',
+    'Nu;': '\u039d',
+    'nu;': '\u03bd',
+    'num;': '#',
+    'numero;': '\u2116',
+    'numsp;': '\u2007',
+    'nvap;': '\u224d\u20d2',
+    'nVDash;': '\u22af',
+    'nVdash;': '\u22ae',
+    'nvDash;': '\u22ad',
+    'nvdash;': '\u22ac',
+    'nvge;': '\u2265\u20d2',
+    'nvgt;': '>\u20d2',
+    'nvHarr;': '\u2904',
+    'nvinfin;': '\u29de',
+    'nvlArr;': '\u2902',
+    'nvle;': '\u2264\u20d2',
+    'nvlt;': '<\u20d2',
+    'nvltrie;': '\u22b4\u20d2',
+    'nvrArr;': '\u2903',
+    'nvrtrie;': '\u22b5\u20d2',
+    'nvsim;': '\u223c\u20d2',
+    'nwarhk;': '\u2923',
+    'nwArr;': '\u21d6',
+    'nwarr;': '\u2196',
+    'nwarrow;': '\u2196',
+    'nwnear;': '\u2927',
+    'Oacute': '\xd3',
+    'oacute': '\xf3',
+    'Oacute;': '\xd3',
+    'oacute;': '\xf3',
+    'oast;': '\u229b',
+    'ocir;': '\u229a',
+    'Ocirc': '\xd4',
+    'ocirc': '\xf4',
+    'Ocirc;': '\xd4',
+    'ocirc;': '\xf4',
+    'Ocy;': '\u041e',
+    'ocy;': '\u043e',
+    'odash;': '\u229d',
+    'Odblac;': '\u0150',
+    'odblac;': '\u0151',
+    'odiv;': '\u2a38',
+    'odot;': '\u2299',
+    'odsold;': '\u29bc',
+    'OElig;': '\u0152',
+    'oelig;': '\u0153',
+    'ofcir;': '\u29bf',
+    'Ofr;': '\U0001d512',
+    'ofr;': '\U0001d52c',
+    'ogon;': '\u02db',
+    'Ograve': '\xd2',
+    'ograve': '\xf2',
+    'Ograve;': '\xd2',
+    'ograve;': '\xf2',
+    'ogt;': '\u29c1',
+    'ohbar;': '\u29b5',
+    'ohm;': '\u03a9',
+    'oint;': '\u222e',
+    'olarr;': '\u21ba',
+    'olcir;': '\u29be',
+    'olcross;': '\u29bb',
+    'oline;': '\u203e',
+    'olt;': '\u29c0',
+    'Omacr;': '\u014c',
+    'omacr;': '\u014d',
+    'Omega;': '\u03a9',
+    'omega;': '\u03c9',
+    'Omicron;': '\u039f',
+    'omicron;': '\u03bf',
+    'omid;': '\u29b6',
+    'ominus;': '\u2296',
+    'Oopf;': '\U0001d546',
+    'oopf;': '\U0001d560',
+    'opar;': '\u29b7',
+    'OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;': '\u201c',
+    'OpenCurlyQuote;': '\u2018',
+    'operp;': '\u29b9',
+    'oplus;': '\u2295',
+    'Or;': '\u2a54',
+    'or;': '\u2228',
+    'orarr;': '\u21bb',
+    'ord;': '\u2a5d',
+    'order;': '\u2134',
+    'orderof;': '\u2134',
+    'ordf': '\xaa',
+    'ordf;': '\xaa',
+    'ordm': '\xba',
+    'ordm;': '\xba',
+    'origof;': '\u22b6',
+    'oror;': '\u2a56',
+    'orslope;': '\u2a57',
+    'orv;': '\u2a5b',
+    'oS;': '\u24c8',
+    'Oscr;': '\U0001d4aa',
+    'oscr;': '\u2134',
+    'Oslash': '\xd8',
+    'oslash': '\xf8',
+    'Oslash;': '\xd8',
+    'oslash;': '\xf8',
+    'osol;': '\u2298',
+    'Otilde': '\xd5',
+    'otilde': '\xf5',
+    'Otilde;': '\xd5',
+    'otilde;': '\xf5',
+    'Otimes;': '\u2a37',
+    'otimes;': '\u2297',
+    'otimesas;': '\u2a36',
+    'Ouml': '\xd6',
+    'ouml': '\xf6',
+    'Ouml;': '\xd6',
+    'ouml;': '\xf6',
+    'ovbar;': '\u233d',
+    'OverBar;': '\u203e',
+    'OverBrace;': '\u23de',
+    'OverBracket;': '\u23b4',
+    'OverParenthesis;': '\u23dc',
+    'par;': '\u2225',
+    'para': '\xb6',
+    'para;': '\xb6',
+    'parallel;': '\u2225',
+    'parsim;': '\u2af3',
+    'parsl;': '\u2afd',
+    'part;': '\u2202',
+    'PartialD;': '\u2202',
+    'Pcy;': '\u041f',
+    'pcy;': '\u043f',
+    'percnt;': '%',
+    'period;': '.',
+    'permil;': '\u2030',
+    'perp;': '\u22a5',
+    'pertenk;': '\u2031',
+    'Pfr;': '\U0001d513',
+    'pfr;': '\U0001d52d',
+    'Phi;': '\u03a6',
+    'phi;': '\u03c6',
+    'phiv;': '\u03d5',
+    'phmmat;': '\u2133',
+    'phone;': '\u260e',
+    'Pi;': '\u03a0',
+    'pi;': '\u03c0',
+    'pitchfork;': '\u22d4',
+    'piv;': '\u03d6',
+    'planck;': '\u210f',
+    'planckh;': '\u210e',
+    'plankv;': '\u210f',
+    'plus;': '+',
+    'plusacir;': '\u2a23',
+    'plusb;': '\u229e',
+    'pluscir;': '\u2a22',
+    'plusdo;': '\u2214',
+    'plusdu;': '\u2a25',
+    'pluse;': '\u2a72',
+    'PlusMinus;': '\xb1',
+    'plusmn': '\xb1',
+    'plusmn;': '\xb1',
+    'plussim;': '\u2a26',
+    'plustwo;': '\u2a27',
+    'pm;': '\xb1',
+    'Poincareplane;': '\u210c',
+    'pointint;': '\u2a15',
+    'Popf;': '\u2119',
+    'popf;': '\U0001d561',
+    'pound': '\xa3',
+    'pound;': '\xa3',
+    'Pr;': '\u2abb',
+    'pr;': '\u227a',
+    'prap;': '\u2ab7',
+    'prcue;': '\u227c',
+    'prE;': '\u2ab3',
+    'pre;': '\u2aaf',
+    'prec;': '\u227a',
+    'precapprox;': '\u2ab7',
+    'preccurlyeq;': '\u227c',
+    'Precedes;': '\u227a',
+    'PrecedesEqual;': '\u2aaf',
+    'PrecedesSlantEqual;': '\u227c',
+    'PrecedesTilde;': '\u227e',
+    'preceq;': '\u2aaf',
+    'precnapprox;': '\u2ab9',
+    'precneqq;': '\u2ab5',
+    'precnsim;': '\u22e8',
+    'precsim;': '\u227e',
+    'Prime;': '\u2033',
+    'prime;': '\u2032',
+    'primes;': '\u2119',
+    'prnap;': '\u2ab9',
+    'prnE;': '\u2ab5',
+    'prnsim;': '\u22e8',
+    'prod;': '\u220f',
+    'Product;': '\u220f',
+    'profalar;': '\u232e',
+    'profline;': '\u2312',
+    'profsurf;': '\u2313',
+    'prop;': '\u221d',
+    'Proportion;': '\u2237',
+    'Proportional;': '\u221d',
+    'propto;': '\u221d',
+    'prsim;': '\u227e',
+    'prurel;': '\u22b0',
+    'Pscr;': '\U0001d4ab',
+    'pscr;': '\U0001d4c5',
+    'Psi;': '\u03a8',
+    'psi;': '\u03c8',
+    'puncsp;': '\u2008',
+    'Qfr;': '\U0001d514',
+    'qfr;': '\U0001d52e',
+    'qint;': '\u2a0c',
+    'Qopf;': '\u211a',
+    'qopf;': '\U0001d562',
+    'qprime;': '\u2057',
+    'Qscr;': '\U0001d4ac',
+    'qscr;': '\U0001d4c6',
+    'quaternions;': '\u210d',
+    'quatint;': '\u2a16',
+    'quest;': '?',
+    'questeq;': '\u225f',
+    'QUOT': '"',
+    'quot': '"',
+    'QUOT;': '"',
+    'quot;': '"',
+    'rAarr;': '\u21db',
+    'race;': '\u223d\u0331',
+    'Racute;': '\u0154',
+    'racute;': '\u0155',
+    'radic;': '\u221a',
+    'raemptyv;': '\u29b3',
+    'Rang;': '\u27eb',
+    'rang;': '\u27e9',
+    'rangd;': '\u2992',
+    'range;': '\u29a5',
+    'rangle;': '\u27e9',
+    'raquo': '\xbb',
+    'raquo;': '\xbb',
+    'Rarr;': '\u21a0',
+    'rArr;': '\u21d2',
+    'rarr;': '\u2192',
+    'rarrap;': '\u2975',
+    'rarrb;': '\u21e5',
+    'rarrbfs;': '\u2920',
+    'rarrc;': '\u2933',
+    'rarrfs;': '\u291e',
+    'rarrhk;': '\u21aa',
+    'rarrlp;': '\u21ac',
+    'rarrpl;': '\u2945',
+    'rarrsim;': '\u2974',
+    'Rarrtl;': '\u2916',
+    'rarrtl;': '\u21a3',
+    'rarrw;': '\u219d',
+    'rAtail;': '\u291c',
+    'ratail;': '\u291a',
+    'ratio;': '\u2236',
+    'rationals;': '\u211a',
+    'RBarr;': '\u2910',
+    'rBarr;': '\u290f',
+    'rbarr;': '\u290d',
+    'rbbrk;': '\u2773',
+    'rbrace;': '}',
+    'rbrack;': ']',
+    'rbrke;': '\u298c',
+    'rbrksld;': '\u298e',
+    'rbrkslu;': '\u2990',
+    'Rcaron;': '\u0158',
+    'rcaron;': '\u0159',
+    'Rcedil;': '\u0156',
+    'rcedil;': '\u0157',
+    'rceil;': '\u2309',
+    'rcub;': '}',
+    'Rcy;': '\u0420',
+    'rcy;': '\u0440',
+    'rdca;': '\u2937',
+    'rdldhar;': '\u2969',
+    'rdquo;': '\u201d',
+    'rdquor;': '\u201d',
+    'rdsh;': '\u21b3',
+    'Re;': '\u211c',
+    'real;': '\u211c',
+    'realine;': '\u211b',
+    'realpart;': '\u211c',
+    'reals;': '\u211d',
+    'rect;': '\u25ad',
+    'REG': '\xae',
+    'reg': '\xae',
+    'REG;': '\xae',
+    'reg;': '\xae',
+    'ReverseElement;': '\u220b',
+    'ReverseEquilibrium;': '\u21cb',
+    'ReverseUpEquilibrium;': '\u296f',
+    'rfisht;': '\u297d',
+    'rfloor;': '\u230b',
+    'Rfr;': '\u211c',
+    'rfr;': '\U0001d52f',
+    'rHar;': '\u2964',
+    'rhard;': '\u21c1',
+    'rharu;': '\u21c0',
+    'rharul;': '\u296c',
+    'Rho;': '\u03a1',
+    'rho;': '\u03c1',
+    'rhov;': '\u03f1',
+    'RightAngleBracket;': '\u27e9',
+    'RightArrow;': '\u2192',
+    'Rightarrow;': '\u21d2',
+    'rightarrow;': '\u2192',
+    'RightArrowBar;': '\u21e5',
+    'RightArrowLeftArrow;': '\u21c4',
+    'rightarrowtail;': '\u21a3',
+    'RightCeiling;': '\u2309',
+    'RightDoubleBracket;': '\u27e7',
+    'RightDownTeeVector;': '\u295d',
+    'RightDownVector;': '\u21c2',
+    'RightDownVectorBar;': '\u2955',
+    'RightFloor;': '\u230b',
+    'rightharpoondown;': '\u21c1',
+    'rightharpoonup;': '\u21c0',
+    'rightleftarrows;': '\u21c4',
+    'rightleftharpoons;': '\u21cc',
+    'rightrightarrows;': '\u21c9',
+    'rightsquigarrow;': '\u219d',
+    'RightTee;': '\u22a2',
+    'RightTeeArrow;': '\u21a6',
+    'RightTeeVector;': '\u295b',
+    'rightthreetimes;': '\u22cc',
+    'RightTriangle;': '\u22b3',
+    'RightTriangleBar;': '\u29d0',
+    'RightTriangleEqual;': '\u22b5',
+    'RightUpDownVector;': '\u294f',
+    'RightUpTeeVector;': '\u295c',
+    'RightUpVector;': '\u21be',
+    'RightUpVectorBar;': '\u2954',
+    'RightVector;': '\u21c0',
+    'RightVectorBar;': '\u2953',
+    'ring;': '\u02da',
+    'risingdotseq;': '\u2253',
+    'rlarr;': '\u21c4',
+    'rlhar;': '\u21cc',
+    'rlm;': '\u200f',
+    'rmoust;': '\u23b1',
+    'rmoustache;': '\u23b1',
+    'rnmid;': '\u2aee',
+    'roang;': '\u27ed',
+    'roarr;': '\u21fe',
+    'robrk;': '\u27e7',
+    'ropar;': '\u2986',
+    'Ropf;': '\u211d',
+    'ropf;': '\U0001d563',
+    'roplus;': '\u2a2e',
+    'rotimes;': '\u2a35',
+    'RoundImplies;': '\u2970',
+    'rpar;': ')',
+    'rpargt;': '\u2994',
+    'rppolint;': '\u2a12',
+    'rrarr;': '\u21c9',
+    'Rrightarrow;': '\u21db',
+    'rsaquo;': '\u203a',
+    'Rscr;': '\u211b',
+    'rscr;': '\U0001d4c7',
+    'Rsh;': '\u21b1',
+    'rsh;': '\u21b1',
+    'rsqb;': ']',
+    'rsquo;': '\u2019',
+    'rsquor;': '\u2019',
+    'rthree;': '\u22cc',
+    'rtimes;': '\u22ca',
+    'rtri;': '\u25b9',
+    'rtrie;': '\u22b5',
+    'rtrif;': '\u25b8',
+    'rtriltri;': '\u29ce',
+    'RuleDelayed;': '\u29f4',
+    'ruluhar;': '\u2968',
+    'rx;': '\u211e',
+    'Sacute;': '\u015a',
+    'sacute;': '\u015b',
+    'sbquo;': '\u201a',
+    'Sc;': '\u2abc',
+    'sc;': '\u227b',
+    'scap;': '\u2ab8',
+    'Scaron;': '\u0160',
+    'scaron;': '\u0161',
+    'sccue;': '\u227d',
+    'scE;': '\u2ab4',
+    'sce;': '\u2ab0',
+    'Scedil;': '\u015e',
+    'scedil;': '\u015f',
+    'Scirc;': '\u015c',
+    'scirc;': '\u015d',
+    'scnap;': '\u2aba',
+    'scnE;': '\u2ab6',
+    'scnsim;': '\u22e9',
+    'scpolint;': '\u2a13',
+    'scsim;': '\u227f',
+    'Scy;': '\u0421',
+    'scy;': '\u0441',
+    'sdot;': '\u22c5',
+    'sdotb;': '\u22a1',
+    'sdote;': '\u2a66',
+    'searhk;': '\u2925',
+    'seArr;': '\u21d8',
+    'searr;': '\u2198',
+    'searrow;': '\u2198',
+    'sect': '\xa7',
+    'sect;': '\xa7',
+    'semi;': ';',
+    'seswar;': '\u2929',
+    'setminus;': '\u2216',
+    'setmn;': '\u2216',
+    'sext;': '\u2736',
+    'Sfr;': '\U0001d516',
+    'sfr;': '\U0001d530',
+    'sfrown;': '\u2322',
+    'sharp;': '\u266f',
+    'SHCHcy;': '\u0429',
+    'shchcy;': '\u0449',
+    'SHcy;': '\u0428',
+    'shcy;': '\u0448',
+    'ShortDownArrow;': '\u2193',
+    'ShortLeftArrow;': '\u2190',
+    'shortmid;': '\u2223',
+    'shortparallel;': '\u2225',
+    'ShortRightArrow;': '\u2192',
+    'ShortUpArrow;': '\u2191',
+    'shy': '\xad',
+    'shy;': '\xad',
+    'Sigma;': '\u03a3',
+    'sigma;': '\u03c3',
+    'sigmaf;': '\u03c2',
+    'sigmav;': '\u03c2',
+    'sim;': '\u223c',
+    'simdot;': '\u2a6a',
+    'sime;': '\u2243',
+    'simeq;': '\u2243',
+    'simg;': '\u2a9e',
+    'simgE;': '\u2aa0',
+    'siml;': '\u2a9d',
+    'simlE;': '\u2a9f',
+    'simne;': '\u2246',
+    'simplus;': '\u2a24',
+    'simrarr;': '\u2972',
+    'slarr;': '\u2190',
+    'SmallCircle;': '\u2218',
+    'smallsetminus;': '\u2216',
+    'smashp;': '\u2a33',
+    'smeparsl;': '\u29e4',
+    'smid;': '\u2223',
+    'smile;': '\u2323',
+    'smt;': '\u2aaa',
+    'smte;': '\u2aac',
+    'smtes;': '\u2aac\ufe00',
+    'SOFTcy;': '\u042c',
+    'softcy;': '\u044c',
+    'sol;': '/',
+    'solb;': '\u29c4',
+    'solbar;': '\u233f',
+    'Sopf;': '\U0001d54a',
+    'sopf;': '\U0001d564',
+    'spades;': '\u2660',
+    'spadesuit;': '\u2660',
+    'spar;': '\u2225',
+    'sqcap;': '\u2293',
+    'sqcaps;': '\u2293\ufe00',
+    'sqcup;': '\u2294',
+    'sqcups;': '\u2294\ufe00',
+    'Sqrt;': '\u221a',
+    'sqsub;': '\u228f',
+    'sqsube;': '\u2291',
+    'sqsubset;': '\u228f',
+    'sqsubseteq;': '\u2291',
+    'sqsup;': '\u2290',
+    'sqsupe;': '\u2292',
+    'sqsupset;': '\u2290',
+    'sqsupseteq;': '\u2292',
+    'squ;': '\u25a1',
+    'Square;': '\u25a1',
+    'square;': '\u25a1',
+    'SquareIntersection;': '\u2293',
+    'SquareSubset;': '\u228f',
+    'SquareSubsetEqual;': '\u2291',
+    'SquareSuperset;': '\u2290',
+    'SquareSupersetEqual;': '\u2292',
+    'SquareUnion;': '\u2294',
+    'squarf;': '\u25aa',
+    'squf;': '\u25aa',
+    'srarr;': '\u2192',
+    'Sscr;': '\U0001d4ae',
+    'sscr;': '\U0001d4c8',
+    'ssetmn;': '\u2216',
+    'ssmile;': '\u2323',
+    'sstarf;': '\u22c6',
+    'Star;': '\u22c6',
+    'star;': '\u2606',
+    'starf;': '\u2605',
+    'straightepsilon;': '\u03f5',
+    'straightphi;': '\u03d5',
+    'strns;': '\xaf',
+    'Sub;': '\u22d0',
+    'sub;': '\u2282',
+    'subdot;': '\u2abd',
+    'subE;': '\u2ac5',
+    'sube;': '\u2286',
+    'subedot;': '\u2ac3',
+    'submult;': '\u2ac1',
+    'subnE;': '\u2acb',
+    'subne;': '\u228a',
+    'subplus;': '\u2abf',
+    'subrarr;': '\u2979',
+    'Subset;': '\u22d0',
+    'subset;': '\u2282',
+    'subseteq;': '\u2286',
+    'subseteqq;': '\u2ac5',
+    'SubsetEqual;': '\u2286',
+    'subsetneq;': '\u228a',
+    'subsetneqq;': '\u2acb',
+    'subsim;': '\u2ac7',
+    'subsub;': '\u2ad5',
+    'subsup;': '\u2ad3',
+    'succ;': '\u227b',
+    'succapprox;': '\u2ab8',
+    'succcurlyeq;': '\u227d',
+    'Succeeds;': '\u227b',
+    'SucceedsEqual;': '\u2ab0',
+    'SucceedsSlantEqual;': '\u227d',
+    'SucceedsTilde;': '\u227f',
+    'succeq;': '\u2ab0',
+    'succnapprox;': '\u2aba',
+    'succneqq;': '\u2ab6',
+    'succnsim;': '\u22e9',
+    'succsim;': '\u227f',
+    'SuchThat;': '\u220b',
+    'Sum;': '\u2211',
+    'sum;': '\u2211',
+    'sung;': '\u266a',
+    'sup1': '\xb9',
+    'sup1;': '\xb9',
+    'sup2': '\xb2',
+    'sup2;': '\xb2',
+    'sup3': '\xb3',
+    'sup3;': '\xb3',
+    'Sup;': '\u22d1',
+    'sup;': '\u2283',
+    'supdot;': '\u2abe',
+    'supdsub;': '\u2ad8',
+    'supE;': '\u2ac6',
+    'supe;': '\u2287',
+    'supedot;': '\u2ac4',
+    'Superset;': '\u2283',
+    'SupersetEqual;': '\u2287',
+    'suphsol;': '\u27c9',
+    'suphsub;': '\u2ad7',
+    'suplarr;': '\u297b',
+    'supmult;': '\u2ac2',
+    'supnE;': '\u2acc',
+    'supne;': '\u228b',
+    'supplus;': '\u2ac0',
+    'Supset;': '\u22d1',
+    'supset;': '\u2283',
+    'supseteq;': '\u2287',
+    'supseteqq;': '\u2ac6',
+    'supsetneq;': '\u228b',
+    'supsetneqq;': '\u2acc',
+    'supsim;': '\u2ac8',
+    'supsub;': '\u2ad4',
+    'supsup;': '\u2ad6',
+    'swarhk;': '\u2926',
+    'swArr;': '\u21d9',
+    'swarr;': '\u2199',
+    'swarrow;': '\u2199',
+    'swnwar;': '\u292a',
+    'szlig': '\xdf',
+    'szlig;': '\xdf',
+    'Tab;': '\t',
+    'target;': '\u2316',
+    'Tau;': '\u03a4',
+    'tau;': '\u03c4',
+    'tbrk;': '\u23b4',
+    'Tcaron;': '\u0164',
+    'tcaron;': '\u0165',
+    'Tcedil;': '\u0162',
+    'tcedil;': '\u0163',
+    'Tcy;': '\u0422',
+    'tcy;': '\u0442',
+    'tdot;': '\u20db',
+    'telrec;': '\u2315',
+    'Tfr;': '\U0001d517',
+    'tfr;': '\U0001d531',
+    'there4;': '\u2234',
+    'Therefore;': '\u2234',
+    'therefore;': '\u2234',
+    'Theta;': '\u0398',
+    'theta;': '\u03b8',
+    'thetasym;': '\u03d1',
+    'thetav;': '\u03d1',
+    'thickapprox;': '\u2248',
+    'thicksim;': '\u223c',
+    'ThickSpace;': '\u205f\u200a',
+    'thinsp;': '\u2009',
+    'ThinSpace;': '\u2009',
+    'thkap;': '\u2248',
+    'thksim;': '\u223c',
+    'THORN': '\xde',
+    'thorn': '\xfe',
+    'THORN;': '\xde',
+    'thorn;': '\xfe',
+    'Tilde;': '\u223c',
+    'tilde;': '\u02dc',
+    'TildeEqual;': '\u2243',
+    'TildeFullEqual;': '\u2245',
+    'TildeTilde;': '\u2248',
+    'times': '\xd7',
+    'times;': '\xd7',
+    'timesb;': '\u22a0',
+    'timesbar;': '\u2a31',
+    'timesd;': '\u2a30',
+    'tint;': '\u222d',
+    'toea;': '\u2928',
+    'top;': '\u22a4',
+    'topbot;': '\u2336',
+    'topcir;': '\u2af1',
+    'Topf;': '\U0001d54b',
+    'topf;': '\U0001d565',
+    'topfork;': '\u2ada',
+    'tosa;': '\u2929',
+    'tprime;': '\u2034',
+    'TRADE;': '\u2122',
+    'trade;': '\u2122',
+    'triangle;': '\u25b5',
+    'triangledown;': '\u25bf',
+    'triangleleft;': '\u25c3',
+    'trianglelefteq;': '\u22b4',
+    'triangleq;': '\u225c',
+    'triangleright;': '\u25b9',
+    'trianglerighteq;': '\u22b5',
+    'tridot;': '\u25ec',
+    'trie;': '\u225c',
+    'triminus;': '\u2a3a',
+    'TripleDot;': '\u20db',
+    'triplus;': '\u2a39',
+    'trisb;': '\u29cd',
+    'tritime;': '\u2a3b',
+    'trpezium;': '\u23e2',
+    'Tscr;': '\U0001d4af',
+    'tscr;': '\U0001d4c9',
+    'TScy;': '\u0426',
+    'tscy;': '\u0446',
+    'TSHcy;': '\u040b',
+    'tshcy;': '\u045b',
+    'Tstrok;': '\u0166',
+    'tstrok;': '\u0167',
+    'twixt;': '\u226c',
+    'twoheadleftarrow;': '\u219e',
+    'twoheadrightarrow;': '\u21a0',
+    'Uacute': '\xda',
+    'uacute': '\xfa',
+    'Uacute;': '\xda',
+    'uacute;': '\xfa',
+    'Uarr;': '\u219f',
+    'uArr;': '\u21d1',
+    'uarr;': '\u2191',
+    'Uarrocir;': '\u2949',
+    'Ubrcy;': '\u040e',
+    'ubrcy;': '\u045e',
+    'Ubreve;': '\u016c',
+    'ubreve;': '\u016d',
+    'Ucirc': '\xdb',
+    'ucirc': '\xfb',
+    'Ucirc;': '\xdb',
+    'ucirc;': '\xfb',
+    'Ucy;': '\u0423',
+    'ucy;': '\u0443',
+    'udarr;': '\u21c5',
+    'Udblac;': '\u0170',
+    'udblac;': '\u0171',
+    'udhar;': '\u296e',
+    'ufisht;': '\u297e',
+    'Ufr;': '\U0001d518',
+    'ufr;': '\U0001d532',
+    'Ugrave': '\xd9',
+    'ugrave': '\xf9',
+    'Ugrave;': '\xd9',
+    'ugrave;': '\xf9',
+    'uHar;': '\u2963',
+    'uharl;': '\u21bf',
+    'uharr;': '\u21be',
+    'uhblk;': '\u2580',
+    'ulcorn;': '\u231c',
+    'ulcorner;': '\u231c',
+    'ulcrop;': '\u230f',
+    'ultri;': '\u25f8',
+    'Umacr;': '\u016a',
+    'umacr;': '\u016b',
+    'uml': '\xa8',
+    'uml;': '\xa8',
+    'UnderBar;': '_',
+    'UnderBrace;': '\u23df',
+    'UnderBracket;': '\u23b5',
+    'UnderParenthesis;': '\u23dd',
+    'Union;': '\u22c3',
+    'UnionPlus;': '\u228e',
+    'Uogon;': '\u0172',
+    'uogon;': '\u0173',
+    'Uopf;': '\U0001d54c',
+    'uopf;': '\U0001d566',
+    'UpArrow;': '\u2191',
+    'Uparrow;': '\u21d1',
+    'uparrow;': '\u2191',
+    'UpArrowBar;': '\u2912',
+    'UpArrowDownArrow;': '\u21c5',
+    'UpDownArrow;': '\u2195',
+    'Updownarrow;': '\u21d5',
+    'updownarrow;': '\u2195',
+    'UpEquilibrium;': '\u296e',
+    'upharpoonleft;': '\u21bf',
+    'upharpoonright;': '\u21be',
+    'uplus;': '\u228e',
+    'UpperLeftArrow;': '\u2196',
+    'UpperRightArrow;': '\u2197',
+    'Upsi;': '\u03d2',
+    'upsi;': '\u03c5',
+    'upsih;': '\u03d2',
+    'Upsilon;': '\u03a5',
+    'upsilon;': '\u03c5',
+    'UpTee;': '\u22a5',
+    'UpTeeArrow;': '\u21a5',
+    'upuparrows;': '\u21c8',
+    'urcorn;': '\u231d',
+    'urcorner;': '\u231d',
+    'urcrop;': '\u230e',
+    'Uring;': '\u016e',
+    'uring;': '\u016f',
+    'urtri;': '\u25f9',
+    'Uscr;': '\U0001d4b0',
+    'uscr;': '\U0001d4ca',
+    'utdot;': '\u22f0',
+    'Utilde;': '\u0168',
+    'utilde;': '\u0169',
+    'utri;': '\u25b5',
+    'utrif;': '\u25b4',
+    'uuarr;': '\u21c8',
+    'Uuml': '\xdc',
+    'uuml': '\xfc',
+    'Uuml;': '\xdc',
+    'uuml;': '\xfc',
+    'uwangle;': '\u29a7',
+    'vangrt;': '\u299c',
+    'varepsilon;': '\u03f5',
+    'varkappa;': '\u03f0',
+    'varnothing;': '\u2205',
+    'varphi;': '\u03d5',
+    'varpi;': '\u03d6',
+    'varpropto;': '\u221d',
+    'vArr;': '\u21d5',
+    'varr;': '\u2195',
+    'varrho;': '\u03f1',
+    'varsigma;': '\u03c2',
+    'varsubsetneq;': '\u228a\ufe00',
+    'varsubsetneqq;': '\u2acb\ufe00',
+    'varsupsetneq;': '\u228b\ufe00',
+    'varsupsetneqq;': '\u2acc\ufe00',
+    'vartheta;': '\u03d1',
+    'vartriangleleft;': '\u22b2',
+    'vartriangleright;': '\u22b3',
+    'Vbar;': '\u2aeb',
+    'vBar;': '\u2ae8',
+    'vBarv;': '\u2ae9',
+    'Vcy;': '\u0412',
+    'vcy;': '\u0432',
+    'VDash;': '\u22ab',
+    'Vdash;': '\u22a9',
+    'vDash;': '\u22a8',
+    'vdash;': '\u22a2',
+    'Vdashl;': '\u2ae6',
+    'Vee;': '\u22c1',
+    'vee;': '\u2228',
+    'veebar;': '\u22bb',
+    'veeeq;': '\u225a',
+    'vellip;': '\u22ee',
+    'Verbar;': '\u2016',
+    'verbar;': '|',
+    'Vert;': '\u2016',
+    'vert;': '|',
+    'VerticalBar;': '\u2223',
+    'VerticalLine;': '|',
+    'VerticalSeparator;': '\u2758',
+    'VerticalTilde;': '\u2240',
+    'VeryThinSpace;': '\u200a',
+    'Vfr;': '\U0001d519',
+    'vfr;': '\U0001d533',
+    'vltri;': '\u22b2',
+    'vnsub;': '\u2282\u20d2',
+    'vnsup;': '\u2283\u20d2',
+    'Vopf;': '\U0001d54d',
+    'vopf;': '\U0001d567',
+    'vprop;': '\u221d',
+    'vrtri;': '\u22b3',
+    'Vscr;': '\U0001d4b1',
+    'vscr;': '\U0001d4cb',
+    'vsubnE;': '\u2acb\ufe00',
+    'vsubne;': '\u228a\ufe00',
+    'vsupnE;': '\u2acc\ufe00',
+    'vsupne;': '\u228b\ufe00',
+    'Vvdash;': '\u22aa',
+    'vzigzag;': '\u299a',
+    'Wcirc;': '\u0174',
+    'wcirc;': '\u0175',
+    'wedbar;': '\u2a5f',
+    'Wedge;': '\u22c0',
+    'wedge;': '\u2227',
+    'wedgeq;': '\u2259',
+    'weierp;': '\u2118',
+    'Wfr;': '\U0001d51a',
+    'wfr;': '\U0001d534',
+    'Wopf;': '\U0001d54e',
+    'wopf;': '\U0001d568',
+    'wp;': '\u2118',
+    'wr;': '\u2240',
+    'wreath;': '\u2240',
+    'Wscr;': '\U0001d4b2',
+    'wscr;': '\U0001d4cc',
+    'xcap;': '\u22c2',
+    'xcirc;': '\u25ef',
+    'xcup;': '\u22c3',
+    'xdtri;': '\u25bd',
+    'Xfr;': '\U0001d51b',
+    'xfr;': '\U0001d535',
+    'xhArr;': '\u27fa',
+    'xharr;': '\u27f7',
+    'Xi;': '\u039e',
+    'xi;': '\u03be',
+    'xlArr;': '\u27f8',
+    'xlarr;': '\u27f5',
+    'xmap;': '\u27fc',
+    'xnis;': '\u22fb',
+    'xodot;': '\u2a00',
+    'Xopf;': '\U0001d54f',
+    'xopf;': '\U0001d569',
+    'xoplus;': '\u2a01',
+    'xotime;': '\u2a02',
+    'xrArr;': '\u27f9',
+    'xrarr;': '\u27f6',
+    'Xscr;': '\U0001d4b3',
+    'xscr;': '\U0001d4cd',
+    'xsqcup;': '\u2a06',
+    'xuplus;': '\u2a04',
+    'xutri;': '\u25b3',
+    'xvee;': '\u22c1',
+    'xwedge;': '\u22c0',
+    'Yacute': '\xdd',
+    'yacute': '\xfd',
+    'Yacute;': '\xdd',
+    'yacute;': '\xfd',
+    'YAcy;': '\u042f',
+    'yacy;': '\u044f',
+    'Ycirc;': '\u0176',
+    'ycirc;': '\u0177',
+    'Ycy;': '\u042b',
+    'ycy;': '\u044b',
+    'yen': '\xa5',
+    'yen;': '\xa5',
+    'Yfr;': '\U0001d51c',
+    'yfr;': '\U0001d536',
+    'YIcy;': '\u0407',
+    'yicy;': '\u0457',
+    'Yopf;': '\U0001d550',
+    'yopf;': '\U0001d56a',
+    'Yscr;': '\U0001d4b4',
+    'yscr;': '\U0001d4ce',
+    'YUcy;': '\u042e',
+    'yucy;': '\u044e',
+    'yuml': '\xff',
+    'Yuml;': '\u0178',
+    'yuml;': '\xff',
+    'Zacute;': '\u0179',
+    'zacute;': '\u017a',
+    'Zcaron;': '\u017d',
+    'zcaron;': '\u017e',
+    'Zcy;': '\u0417',
+    'zcy;': '\u0437',
+    'Zdot;': '\u017b',
+    'zdot;': '\u017c',
+    'zeetrf;': '\u2128',
+    'ZeroWidthSpace;': '\u200b',
+    'Zeta;': '\u0396',
+    'zeta;': '\u03b6',
+    'Zfr;': '\u2128',
+    'zfr;': '\U0001d537',
+    'ZHcy;': '\u0416',
+    'zhcy;': '\u0436',
+    'zigrarr;': '\u21dd',
+    'Zopf;': '\u2124',
+    'zopf;': '\U0001d56b',
+    'Zscr;': '\U0001d4b5',
+    'zscr;': '\U0001d4cf',
+    'zwj;': '\u200d',
+    'zwnj;': '\u200c',
+}
+
+# maps the Unicode codepoint to the HTML entity name
+codepoint2name = {}
+
+# maps the HTML entity name to the character
+# (or a character reference if the character is outside the Latin-1 range)
+entitydefs = {}
+
+for (name, codepoint) in name2codepoint.items():
+    codepoint2name[codepoint] = name
+    entitydefs[name] = chr(codepoint)
+
+del name, codepoint
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/parser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb65263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/html/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+"""A parser for HTML and XHTML.
+
+Backported for python-future from Python 3.3.
+"""
+
+# This file is based on sgmllib.py, but the API is slightly different.
+
+# XXX There should be a way to distinguish between PCDATA (parsed
+# character data -- the normal case), RCDATA (replaceable character
+# data -- only char and entity references and end tags are special)
+# and CDATA (character data -- only end tags are special).
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import *
+from future.backports import _markupbase
+import re
+import warnings
+
+# Regular expressions used for parsing
+
+interesting_normal = re.compile('[&<]')
+incomplete = re.compile('&[a-zA-Z#]')
+
+entityref = re.compile('&([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9]*)[^a-zA-Z0-9]')
+charref = re.compile('&#(?:[0-9]+|[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+)[^0-9a-fA-F]')
+
+starttagopen = re.compile('<[a-zA-Z]')
+piclose = re.compile('>')
+commentclose = re.compile(r'--\s*>')
+tagfind = re.compile('([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*)(?:\s|/(?!>))*')
+# see http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#tag-open-state
+# and http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#tag-name-state
+tagfind_tolerant = re.compile('[a-zA-Z][^\t\n\r\f />\x00]*')
+# Note:
+#  1) the strict attrfind isn't really strict, but we can't make it
+#     correctly strict without breaking backward compatibility;
+#  2) if you change attrfind remember to update locatestarttagend too;
+#  3) if you change attrfind and/or locatestarttagend the parser will
+#     explode, so don't do it.
+attrfind = re.compile(
+    r'\s*([a-zA-Z_][-.:a-zA-Z_0-9]*)(\s*=\s*'
+    r'(\'[^\']*\'|"[^"]*"|[^\s"\'=<>`]*))?')
+attrfind_tolerant = re.compile(
+    r'((?<=[\'"\s/])[^\s/>][^\s/=>]*)(\s*=+\s*'
+    r'(\'[^\']*\'|"[^"]*"|(?![\'"])[^>\s]*))?(?:\s|/(?!>))*')
+locatestarttagend = re.compile(r"""
+  <[a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*          # tag name
+  (?:\s+                             # whitespace before attribute name
+    (?:[a-zA-Z_][-.:a-zA-Z0-9_]*     # attribute name
+      (?:\s*=\s*                     # value indicator
+        (?:'[^']*'                   # LITA-enclosed value
+          |\"[^\"]*\"                # LIT-enclosed value
+          |[^'\">\s]+                # bare value
+         )
+       )?
+     )
+   )*
+  \s*                                # trailing whitespace
+""", re.VERBOSE)
+locatestarttagend_tolerant = re.compile(r"""
+  <[a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*          # tag name
+  (?:[\s/]*                          # optional whitespace before attribute name
+    (?:(?<=['"\s/])[^\s/>][^\s/=>]*  # attribute name
+      (?:\s*=+\s*                    # value indicator
+        (?:'[^']*'                   # LITA-enclosed value
+          |"[^"]*"                   # LIT-enclosed value
+          |(?!['"])[^>\s]*           # bare value
+         )
+         (?:\s*,)*                   # possibly followed by a comma
+       )?(?:\s|/(?!>))*
+     )*
+   )?
+  \s*                                # trailing whitespace
+""", re.VERBOSE)
+endendtag = re.compile('>')
+# the HTML 5 spec, section 8.1.2.2, doesn't allow spaces between
+# </ and the tag name, so maybe this should be fixed
+endtagfind = re.compile('</\s*([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*)\s*>')
+
+
+class HTMLParseError(Exception):
+    """Exception raised for all parse errors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, msg, position=(None, None)):
+        assert msg
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.lineno = position[0]
+        self.offset = position[1]
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        result = self.msg
+        if self.lineno is not None:
+            result = result + ", at line %d" % self.lineno
+        if self.offset is not None:
+            result = result + ", column %d" % (self.offset + 1)
+        return result
+
+
+class HTMLParser(_markupbase.ParserBase):
+    """Find tags and other markup and call handler functions.
+
+    Usage:
+        p = HTMLParser()
+        p.feed(data)
+        ...
+        p.close()
+
+    Start tags are handled by calling self.handle_starttag() or
+    self.handle_startendtag(); end tags by self.handle_endtag().  The
+    data between tags is passed from the parser to the derived class
+    by calling self.handle_data() with the data as argument (the data
+    may be split up in arbitrary chunks).  Entity references are
+    passed by calling self.handle_entityref() with the entity
+    reference as the argument.  Numeric character references are
+    passed to self.handle_charref() with the string containing the
+    reference as the argument.
+    """
+
+    CDATA_CONTENT_ELEMENTS = ("script", "style")
+
+    def __init__(self, strict=False):
+        """Initialize and reset this instance.
+
+        If strict is set to False (the default) the parser will parse invalid
+        markup, otherwise it will raise an error.  Note that the strict mode
+        is deprecated.
+        """
+        if strict:
+            warnings.warn("The strict mode is deprecated.",
+                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        self.strict = strict
+        self.reset()
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """Reset this instance.  Loses all unprocessed data."""
+        self.rawdata = ''
+        self.lasttag = '???'
+        self.interesting = interesting_normal
+        self.cdata_elem = None
+        _markupbase.ParserBase.reset(self)
+
+    def feed(self, data):
+        r"""Feed data to the parser.
+
+        Call this as often as you want, with as little or as much text
+        as you want (may include '\n').
+        """
+        self.rawdata = self.rawdata + data
+        self.goahead(0)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Handle any buffered data."""
+        self.goahead(1)
+
+    def error(self, message):
+        raise HTMLParseError(message, self.getpos())
+
+    __starttag_text = None
+
+    def get_starttag_text(self):
+        """Return full source of start tag: '<...>'."""
+        return self.__starttag_text
+
+    def set_cdata_mode(self, elem):
+        self.cdata_elem = elem.lower()
+        self.interesting = re.compile(r'</\s*%s\s*>' % self.cdata_elem, re.I)
+
+    def clear_cdata_mode(self):
+        self.interesting = interesting_normal
+        self.cdata_elem = None
+
+    # Internal -- handle data as far as reasonable.  May leave state
+    # and data to be processed by a subsequent call.  If 'end' is
+    # true, force handling all data as if followed by EOF marker.
+    def goahead(self, end):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        i = 0
+        n = len(rawdata)
+        while i < n:
+            match = self.interesting.search(rawdata, i) # < or &
+            if match:
+                j = match.start()
+            else:
+                if self.cdata_elem:
+                    break
+                j = n
+            if i < j: self.handle_data(rawdata[i:j])
+            i = self.updatepos(i, j)
+            if i == n: break
+            startswith = rawdata.startswith
+            if startswith('<', i):
+                if starttagopen.match(rawdata, i): # < + letter
+                    k = self.parse_starttag(i)
+                elif startswith("</", i):
+                    k = self.parse_endtag(i)
+                elif startswith("<!--", i):
+                    k = self.parse_comment(i)
+                elif startswith("<?", i):
+                    k = self.parse_pi(i)
+                elif startswith("<!", i):
+                    if self.strict:
+                        k = self.parse_declaration(i)
+                    else:
+                        k = self.parse_html_declaration(i)
+                elif (i + 1) < n:
+                    self.handle_data("<")
+                    k = i + 1
+                else:
+                    break
+                if k < 0:
+                    if not end:
+                        break
+                    if self.strict:
+                        self.error("EOF in middle of construct")
+                    k = rawdata.find('>', i + 1)
+                    if k < 0:
+                        k = rawdata.find('<', i + 1)
+                        if k < 0:
+                            k = i + 1
+                    else:
+                        k += 1
+                    self.handle_data(rawdata[i:k])
+                i = self.updatepos(i, k)
+            elif startswith("&#", i):
+                match = charref.match(rawdata, i)
+                if match:
+                    name = match.group()[2:-1]
+                    self.handle_charref(name)
+                    k = match.end()
+                    if not startswith(';', k-1):
+                        k = k - 1
+                    i = self.updatepos(i, k)
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    if ";" in rawdata[i:]: #bail by consuming &#
+                        self.handle_data(rawdata[0:2])
+                        i = self.updatepos(i, 2)
+                    break
+            elif startswith('&', i):
+                match = entityref.match(rawdata, i)
+                if match:
+                    name = match.group(1)
+                    self.handle_entityref(name)
+                    k = match.end()
+                    if not startswith(';', k-1):
+                        k = k - 1
+                    i = self.updatepos(i, k)
+                    continue
+                match = incomplete.match(rawdata, i)
+                if match:
+                    # match.group() will contain at least 2 chars
+                    if end and match.group() == rawdata[i:]:
+                        if self.strict:
+                            self.error("EOF in middle of entity or char ref")
+                        else:
+                            if k <= i:
+                                k = n
+                            i = self.updatepos(i, i + 1)
+                    # incomplete
+                    break
+                elif (i + 1) < n:
+                    # not the end of the buffer, and can't be confused
+                    # with some other construct
+                    self.handle_data("&")
+                    i = self.updatepos(i, i + 1)
+                else:
+                    break
+            else:
+                assert 0, "interesting.search() lied"
+        # end while
+        if end and i < n and not self.cdata_elem:
+            self.handle_data(rawdata[i:n])
+            i = self.updatepos(i, n)
+        self.rawdata = rawdata[i:]
+
+    # Internal -- parse html declarations, return length or -1 if not terminated
+    # See w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#markup-declaration-open-state
+    # See also parse_declaration in _markupbase
+    def parse_html_declaration(self, i):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        assert rawdata[i:i+2] == '<!', ('unexpected call to '
+                                        'parse_html_declaration()')
+        if rawdata[i:i+4] == '<!--':
+            # this case is actually already handled in goahead()
+            return self.parse_comment(i)
+        elif rawdata[i:i+3] == '<![':
+            return self.parse_marked_section(i)
+        elif rawdata[i:i+9].lower() == '<!doctype':
+            # find the closing >
+            gtpos = rawdata.find('>', i+9)
+            if gtpos == -1:
+                return -1
+            self.handle_decl(rawdata[i+2:gtpos])
+            return gtpos+1
+        else:
+            return self.parse_bogus_comment(i)
+
+    # Internal -- parse bogus comment, return length or -1 if not terminated
+    # see http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#bogus-comment-state
+    def parse_bogus_comment(self, i, report=1):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        assert rawdata[i:i+2] in ('<!', '</'), ('unexpected call to '
+                                                'parse_comment()')
+        pos = rawdata.find('>', i+2)
+        if pos == -1:
+            return -1
+        if report:
+            self.handle_comment(rawdata[i+2:pos])
+        return pos + 1
+
+    # Internal -- parse processing instr, return end or -1 if not terminated
+    def parse_pi(self, i):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        assert rawdata[i:i+2] == '<?', 'unexpected call to parse_pi()'
+        match = piclose.search(rawdata, i+2) # >
+        if not match:
+            return -1
+        j = match.start()
+        self.handle_pi(rawdata[i+2: j])
+        j = match.end()
+        return j
+
+    # Internal -- handle starttag, return end or -1 if not terminated
+    def parse_starttag(self, i):
+        self.__starttag_text = None
+        endpos = self.check_for_whole_start_tag(i)
+        if endpos < 0:
+            return endpos
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        self.__starttag_text = rawdata[i:endpos]
+
+        # Now parse the data between i+1 and j into a tag and attrs
+        attrs = []
+        match = tagfind.match(rawdata, i+1)
+        assert match, 'unexpected call to parse_starttag()'
+        k = match.end()
+        self.lasttag = tag = match.group(1).lower()
+        while k < endpos:
+            if self.strict:
+                m = attrfind.match(rawdata, k)
+            else:
+                m = attrfind_tolerant.match(rawdata, k)
+            if not m:
+                break
+            attrname, rest, attrvalue = m.group(1, 2, 3)
+            if not rest:
+                attrvalue = None
+            elif attrvalue[:1] == '\'' == attrvalue[-1:] or \
+                 attrvalue[:1] == '"' == attrvalue[-1:]:
+                attrvalue = attrvalue[1:-1]
+            if attrvalue:
+                attrvalue = self.unescape(attrvalue)
+            attrs.append((attrname.lower(), attrvalue))
+            k = m.end()
+
+        end = rawdata[k:endpos].strip()
+        if end not in (">", "/>"):
+            lineno, offset = self.getpos()
+            if "\n" in self.__starttag_text:
+                lineno = lineno + self.__starttag_text.count("\n")
+                offset = len(self.__starttag_text) \
+                         - self.__starttag_text.rfind("\n")
+            else:
+                offset = offset + len(self.__starttag_text)
+            if self.strict:
+                self.error("junk characters in start tag: %r"
+                           % (rawdata[k:endpos][:20],))
+            self.handle_data(rawdata[i:endpos])
+            return endpos
+        if end.endswith('/>'):
+            # XHTML-style empty tag: <span attr="value" />
+            self.handle_startendtag(tag, attrs)
+        else:
+            self.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
+            if tag in self.CDATA_CONTENT_ELEMENTS:
+                self.set_cdata_mode(tag)
+        return endpos
+
+    # Internal -- check to see if we have a complete starttag; return end
+    # or -1 if incomplete.
+    def check_for_whole_start_tag(self, i):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        if self.strict:
+            m = locatestarttagend.match(rawdata, i)
+        else:
+            m = locatestarttagend_tolerant.match(rawdata, i)
+        if m:
+            j = m.end()
+            next = rawdata[j:j+1]
+            if next == ">":
+                return j + 1
+            if next == "/":
+                if rawdata.startswith("/>", j):
+                    return j + 2
+                if rawdata.startswith("/", j):
+                    # buffer boundary
+                    return -1
+                # else bogus input
+                if self.strict:
+                    self.updatepos(i, j + 1)
+                    self.error("malformed empty start tag")
+                if j > i:
+                    return j
+                else:
+                    return i + 1
+            if next == "":
+                # end of input
+                return -1
+            if next in ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz=/"
+                        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"):
+                # end of input in or before attribute value, or we have the
+                # '/' from a '/>' ending
+                return -1
+            if self.strict:
+                self.updatepos(i, j)
+                self.error("malformed start tag")
+            if j > i:
+                return j
+            else:
+                return i + 1
+        raise AssertionError("we should not get here!")
+
+    # Internal -- parse endtag, return end or -1 if incomplete
+    def parse_endtag(self, i):
+        rawdata = self.rawdata
+        assert rawdata[i:i+2] == "</", "unexpected call to parse_endtag"
+        match = endendtag.search(rawdata, i+1) # >
+        if not match:
+            return -1
+        gtpos = match.end()
+        match = endtagfind.match(rawdata, i) # </ + tag + >
+        if not match:
+            if self.cdata_elem is not None:
+                self.handle_data(rawdata[i:gtpos])
+                return gtpos
+            if self.strict:
+                self.error("bad end tag: %r" % (rawdata[i:gtpos],))
+            # find the name: w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#tag-name-state
+            namematch = tagfind_tolerant.match(rawdata, i+2)
+            if not namematch:
+                # w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#end-tag-open-state
+                if rawdata[i:i+3] == '</>':
+                    return i+3
+                else:
+                    return self.parse_bogus_comment(i)
+            tagname = namematch.group().lower()
+            # consume and ignore other stuff between the name and the >
+            # Note: this is not 100% correct, since we might have things like
+            # </tag attr=">">, but looking for > after tha name should cover
+            # most of the cases and is much simpler
+            gtpos = rawdata.find('>', namematch.end())
+            self.handle_endtag(tagname)
+            return gtpos+1
+
+        elem = match.group(1).lower() # script or style
+        if self.cdata_elem is not None:
+            if elem != self.cdata_elem:
+                self.handle_data(rawdata[i:gtpos])
+                return gtpos
+
+        self.handle_endtag(elem.lower())
+        self.clear_cdata_mode()
+        return gtpos
+
+    # Overridable -- finish processing of start+end tag: <tag.../>
+    def handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs):
+        self.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
+        self.handle_endtag(tag)
+
+    # Overridable -- handle start tag
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+        pass
+
+    # Overridable -- handle end tag
+    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
+        pass
+
+    # Overridable -- handle character reference
+    def handle_charref(self, name):
+        pass
+
+    # Overridable -- handle entity reference
+    def handle_entityref(self, name):
+        pass
+
+    # Overridable -- handle data
+    def handle_data(self, data):
+        pass
+
+    # Overridable -- handle comment
+    def handle_comment(self, data):
+        pass
+
+    # Overridable -- handle declaration
+    def handle_decl(self, decl):
+        pass
+
+    # Overridable -- handle processing instruction
+    def handle_pi(self, data):
+        pass
+
+    def unknown_decl(self, data):
+        if self.strict:
+            self.error("unknown declaration: %r" % (data,))
+
+    # Internal -- helper to remove special character quoting
+    def unescape(self, s):
+        if '&' not in s:
+            return s
+        def replaceEntities(s):
+            s = s.groups()[0]
+            try:
+                if s[0] == "#":
+                    s = s[1:]
+                    if s[0] in ['x','X']:
+                        c = int(s[1:].rstrip(';'), 16)
+                    else:
+                        c = int(s.rstrip(';'))
+                    return chr(c)
+            except ValueError:
+                return '&#' + s
+            else:
+                from future.backports.html.entities import html5
+                if s in html5:
+                    return html5[s]
+                elif s.endswith(';'):
+                    return '&' + s
+                for x in range(2, len(s)):
+                    if s[:x] in html5:
+                        return html5[s[:x]] + s[x:]
+                else:
+                    return '&' + s
+
+        return re.sub(r"&(#?[xX]?(?:[0-9a-fA-F]+;|\w{1,32};?))",
+                      replaceEntities, s)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/client.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e663d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1346 @@
+"""HTTP/1.1 client library
+
+A backport of the Python 3.3 http/client.py module for python-future.
+
+<intro stuff goes here>
+<other stuff, too>
+
+HTTPConnection goes through a number of "states", which define when a client
+may legally make another request or fetch the response for a particular
+request. This diagram details these state transitions:
+
+    (null)
+      |
+      | HTTPConnection()
+      v
+    Idle
+      |
+      | putrequest()
+      v
+    Request-started
+      |
+      | ( putheader() )*  endheaders()
+      v
+    Request-sent
+      |
+      | response = getresponse()
+      v
+    Unread-response   [Response-headers-read]
+      |\____________________
+      |                     |
+      | response.read()     | putrequest()
+      v                     v
+    Idle                  Req-started-unread-response
+                     ______/|
+                   /        |
+   response.read() |        | ( putheader() )*  endheaders()
+                   v        v
+       Request-started    Req-sent-unread-response
+                            |
+                            | response.read()
+                            v
+                          Request-sent
+
+This diagram presents the following rules:
+  -- a second request may not be started until {response-headers-read}
+  -- a response [object] cannot be retrieved until {request-sent}
+  -- there is no differentiation between an unread response body and a
+     partially read response body
+
+Note: this enforcement is applied by the HTTPConnection class. The
+      HTTPResponse class does not enforce this state machine, which
+      implies sophisticated clients may accelerate the request/response
+      pipeline. Caution should be taken, though: accelerating the states
+      beyond the above pattern may imply knowledge of the server's
+      connection-close behavior for certain requests. For example, it
+      is impossible to tell whether the server will close the connection
+      UNTIL the response headers have been read; this means that further
+      requests cannot be placed into the pipeline until it is known that
+      the server will NOT be closing the connection.
+
+Logical State                  __state            __response
+-------------                  -------            ----------
+Idle                           _CS_IDLE           None
+Request-started                _CS_REQ_STARTED    None
+Request-sent                   _CS_REQ_SENT       None
+Unread-response                _CS_IDLE           <response_class>
+Req-started-unread-response    _CS_REQ_STARTED    <response_class>
+Req-sent-unread-response       _CS_REQ_SENT       <response_class>
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import bytes, int, str, super
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+from future.backports.email import parser as email_parser
+from future.backports.email import message as email_message
+from future.backports.misc import create_connection as socket_create_connection
+import io
+import os
+import socket
+from future.backports.urllib.parse import urlsplit
+import warnings
+from array import array
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Iterable
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+__all__ = ["HTTPResponse", "HTTPConnection",
+           "HTTPException", "NotConnected", "UnknownProtocol",
+           "UnknownTransferEncoding", "UnimplementedFileMode",
+           "IncompleteRead", "InvalidURL", "ImproperConnectionState",
+           "CannotSendRequest", "CannotSendHeader", "ResponseNotReady",
+           "BadStatusLine", "error", "responses"]
+
+HTTP_PORT = 80
+HTTPS_PORT = 443
+
+_UNKNOWN = 'UNKNOWN'
+
+# connection states
+_CS_IDLE = 'Idle'
+_CS_REQ_STARTED = 'Request-started'
+_CS_REQ_SENT = 'Request-sent'
+
+# status codes
+# informational
+CONTINUE = 100
+SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101
+PROCESSING = 102
+
+# successful
+OK = 200
+CREATED = 201
+ACCEPTED = 202
+NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203
+NO_CONTENT = 204
+RESET_CONTENT = 205
+PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206
+MULTI_STATUS = 207
+IM_USED = 226
+
+# redirection
+MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300
+MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301
+FOUND = 302
+SEE_OTHER = 303
+NOT_MODIFIED = 304
+USE_PROXY = 305
+TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307
+
+# client error
+BAD_REQUEST = 400
+UNAUTHORIZED = 401
+PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402
+FORBIDDEN = 403
+NOT_FOUND = 404
+METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405
+NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406
+PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407
+REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408
+CONFLICT = 409
+GONE = 410
+LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411
+PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412
+REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413
+REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414
+UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415
+REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416
+EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417
+UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422
+LOCKED = 423
+FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424
+UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426
+PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428
+TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429
+REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE = 431
+
+# server error
+INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500
+NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501
+BAD_GATEWAY = 502
+SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503
+GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504
+HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505
+INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE = 507
+NOT_EXTENDED = 510
+NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 511
+
+# Mapping status codes to official W3C names
+responses = {
+    100: 'Continue',
+    101: 'Switching Protocols',
+
+    200: 'OK',
+    201: 'Created',
+    202: 'Accepted',
+    203: 'Non-Authoritative Information',
+    204: 'No Content',
+    205: 'Reset Content',
+    206: 'Partial Content',
+
+    300: 'Multiple Choices',
+    301: 'Moved Permanently',
+    302: 'Found',
+    303: 'See Other',
+    304: 'Not Modified',
+    305: 'Use Proxy',
+    306: '(Unused)',
+    307: 'Temporary Redirect',
+
+    400: 'Bad Request',
+    401: 'Unauthorized',
+    402: 'Payment Required',
+    403: 'Forbidden',
+    404: 'Not Found',
+    405: 'Method Not Allowed',
+    406: 'Not Acceptable',
+    407: 'Proxy Authentication Required',
+    408: 'Request Timeout',
+    409: 'Conflict',
+    410: 'Gone',
+    411: 'Length Required',
+    412: 'Precondition Failed',
+    413: 'Request Entity Too Large',
+    414: 'Request-URI Too Long',
+    415: 'Unsupported Media Type',
+    416: 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
+    417: 'Expectation Failed',
+    428: 'Precondition Required',
+    429: 'Too Many Requests',
+    431: 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
+
+    500: 'Internal Server Error',
+    501: 'Not Implemented',
+    502: 'Bad Gateway',
+    503: 'Service Unavailable',
+    504: 'Gateway Timeout',
+    505: 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
+    511: 'Network Authentication Required',
+}
+
+# maximal amount of data to read at one time in _safe_read
+MAXAMOUNT = 1048576
+
+# maximal line length when calling readline().
+_MAXLINE = 65536
+_MAXHEADERS = 100
+
+
+class HTTPMessage(email_message.Message):
+    # XXX The only usage of this method is in
+    # http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler.  Maybe move the code there so
+    # that it doesn't need to be part of the public API.  The API has
+    # never been defined so this could cause backwards compatibility
+    # issues.
+
+    def getallmatchingheaders(self, name):
+        """Find all header lines matching a given header name.
+
+        Look through the list of headers and find all lines matching a given
+        header name (and their continuation lines).  A list of the lines is
+        returned, without interpretation.  If the header does not occur, an
+        empty list is returned.  If the header occurs multiple times, all
+        occurrences are returned.  Case is not important in the header name.
+
+        """
+        name = name.lower() + ':'
+        n = len(name)
+        lst = []
+        hit = 0
+        for line in self.keys():
+            if line[:n].lower() == name:
+                hit = 1
+            elif not line[:1].isspace():
+                hit = 0
+            if hit:
+                lst.append(line)
+        return lst
+
+def parse_headers(fp, _class=HTTPMessage):
+    """Parses only RFC2822 headers from a file pointer.
+
+    email Parser wants to see strings rather than bytes.
+    But a TextIOWrapper around self.rfile would buffer too many bytes
+    from the stream, bytes which we later need to read as bytes.
+    So we read the correct bytes here, as bytes, for email Parser
+    to parse.
+
+    """
+    headers = []
+    while True:
+        line = fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
+        if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
+            raise LineTooLong("header line")
+        headers.append(line)
+        if len(headers) > _MAXHEADERS:
+            raise HTTPException("got more than %d headers" % _MAXHEADERS)
+        if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
+            break
+    hstring = bytes(b'').join(headers).decode('iso-8859-1')
+    return email_parser.Parser(_class=_class).parsestr(hstring)
+
+
+_strict_sentinel = object()
+
+class HTTPResponse(io.RawIOBase):
+
+    # See RFC 2616 sec 19.6 and RFC 1945 sec 6 for details.
+
+    # The bytes from the socket object are iso-8859-1 strings.
+    # See RFC 2616 sec 2.2 which notes an exception for MIME-encoded
+    # text following RFC 2047.  The basic status line parsing only
+    # accepts iso-8859-1.
+
+    def __init__(self, sock, debuglevel=0, strict=_strict_sentinel, method=None, url=None):
+        # If the response includes a content-length header, we need to
+        # make sure that the client doesn't read more than the
+        # specified number of bytes.  If it does, it will block until
+        # the server times out and closes the connection.  This will
+        # happen if a self.fp.read() is done (without a size) whether
+        # self.fp is buffered or not.  So, no self.fp.read() by
+        # clients unless they know what they are doing.
+        self.fp = sock.makefile("rb")
+        self.debuglevel = debuglevel
+        if strict is not _strict_sentinel:
+            warnings.warn("the 'strict' argument isn't supported anymore; "
+                "http.client now always assumes HTTP/1.x compliant servers.",
+                DeprecationWarning, 2)
+        self._method = method
+
+        # The HTTPResponse object is returned via urllib.  The clients
+        # of http and urllib expect different attributes for the
+        # headers.  headers is used here and supports urllib.  msg is
+        # provided as a backwards compatibility layer for http
+        # clients.
+
+        self.headers = self.msg = None
+
+        # from the Status-Line of the response
+        self.version = _UNKNOWN # HTTP-Version
+        self.status = _UNKNOWN  # Status-Code
+        self.reason = _UNKNOWN  # Reason-Phrase
+
+        self.chunked = _UNKNOWN         # is "chunked" being used?
+        self.chunk_left = _UNKNOWN      # bytes left to read in current chunk
+        self.length = _UNKNOWN          # number of bytes left in response
+        self.will_close = _UNKNOWN      # conn will close at end of response
+
+    def _read_status(self):
+        line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
+        if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
+            raise LineTooLong("status line")
+        if self.debuglevel > 0:
+            print("reply:", repr(line))
+        if not line:
+            # Presumably, the server closed the connection before
+            # sending a valid response.
+            raise BadStatusLine(line)
+        try:
+            version, status, reason = line.split(None, 2)
+        except ValueError:
+            try:
+                version, status = line.split(None, 1)
+                reason = ""
+            except ValueError:
+                # empty version will cause next test to fail.
+                version = ""
+        if not version.startswith("HTTP/"):
+            self._close_conn()
+            raise BadStatusLine(line)
+
+        # The status code is a three-digit number
+        try:
+            status = int(status)
+            if status < 100 or status > 999:
+                raise BadStatusLine(line)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise BadStatusLine(line)
+        return version, status, reason
+
+    def begin(self):
+        if self.headers is not None:
+            # we've already started reading the response
+            return
+
+        # read until we get a non-100 response
+        while True:
+            version, status, reason = self._read_status()
+            if status != CONTINUE:
+                break
+            # skip the header from the 100 response
+            while True:
+                skip = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
+                if len(skip) > _MAXLINE:
+                    raise LineTooLong("header line")
+                skip = skip.strip()
+                if not skip:
+                    break
+                if self.debuglevel > 0:
+                    print("header:", skip)
+
+        self.code = self.status = status
+        self.reason = reason.strip()
+        if version in ("HTTP/1.0", "HTTP/0.9"):
+            # Some servers might still return "0.9", treat it as 1.0 anyway
+            self.version = 10
+        elif version.startswith("HTTP/1."):
+            self.version = 11   # use HTTP/1.1 code for HTTP/1.x where x>=1
+        else:
+            raise UnknownProtocol(version)
+
+        self.headers = self.msg = parse_headers(self.fp)
+
+        if self.debuglevel > 0:
+            for hdr in self.headers:
+                print("header:", hdr, end=" ")
+
+        # are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
+        tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
+        if tr_enc and tr_enc.lower() == "chunked":
+            self.chunked = True
+            self.chunk_left = None
+        else:
+            self.chunked = False
+
+        # will the connection close at the end of the response?
+        self.will_close = self._check_close()
+
+        # do we have a Content-Length?
+        # NOTE: RFC 2616, S4.4, #3 says we ignore this if tr_enc is "chunked"
+        self.length = None
+        length = self.headers.get("content-length")
+
+         # are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?
+        tr_enc = self.headers.get("transfer-encoding")
+        if length and not self.chunked:
+            try:
+                self.length = int(length)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.length = None
+            else:
+                if self.length < 0:  # ignore nonsensical negative lengths
+                    self.length = None
+        else:
+            self.length = None
+
+        # does the body have a fixed length? (of zero)
+        if (status == NO_CONTENT or status == NOT_MODIFIED or
+            100 <= status < 200 or      # 1xx codes
+            self._method == "HEAD"):
+            self.length = 0
+
+        # if the connection remains open, and we aren't using chunked, and
+        # a content-length was not provided, then assume that the connection
+        # WILL close.
+        if (not self.will_close and
+            not self.chunked and
+            self.length is None):
+            self.will_close = True
+
+    def _check_close(self):
+        conn = self.headers.get("connection")
+        if self.version == 11:
+            # An HTTP/1.1 proxy is assumed to stay open unless
+            # explicitly closed.
+            conn = self.headers.get("connection")
+            if conn and "close" in conn.lower():
+                return True
+            return False
+
+        # Some HTTP/1.0 implementations have support for persistent
+        # connections, using rules different than HTTP/1.1.
+
+        # For older HTTP, Keep-Alive indicates persistent connection.
+        if self.headers.get("keep-alive"):
+            return False
+
+        # At least Akamai returns a "Connection: Keep-Alive" header,
+        # which was supposed to be sent by the client.
+        if conn and "keep-alive" in conn.lower():
+            return False
+
+        # Proxy-Connection is a netscape hack.
+        pconn = self.headers.get("proxy-connection")
+        if pconn and "keep-alive" in pconn.lower():
+            return False
+
+        # otherwise, assume it will close
+        return True
+
+    def _close_conn(self):
+        fp = self.fp
+        self.fp = None
+        fp.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        super().close() # set "closed" flag
+        if self.fp:
+            self._close_conn()
+
+    # These implementations are for the benefit of io.BufferedReader.
+
+    # XXX This class should probably be revised to act more like
+    # the "raw stream" that BufferedReader expects.
+
+    def flush(self):
+        super().flush()
+        if self.fp:
+            self.fp.flush()
+
+    def readable(self):
+        return True
+
+    # End of "raw stream" methods
+
+    def isclosed(self):
+        """True if the connection is closed."""
+        # NOTE: it is possible that we will not ever call self.close(). This
+        #       case occurs when will_close is TRUE, length is None, and we
+        #       read up to the last byte, but NOT past it.
+        #
+        # IMPLIES: if will_close is FALSE, then self.close() will ALWAYS be
+        #          called, meaning self.isclosed() is meaningful.
+        return self.fp is None
+
+    def read(self, amt=None):
+        if self.fp is None:
+            return bytes(b"")
+
+        if self._method == "HEAD":
+            self._close_conn()
+            return bytes(b"")
+
+        if amt is not None:
+            # Amount is given, so call base class version
+            # (which is implemented in terms of self.readinto)
+            return bytes(super(HTTPResponse, self).read(amt))
+        else:
+            # Amount is not given (unbounded read) so we must check self.length
+            # and self.chunked
+
+            if self.chunked:
+                return self._readall_chunked()
+
+            if self.length is None:
+                s = self.fp.read()
+            else:
+                try:
+                    s = self._safe_read(self.length)
+                except IncompleteRead:
+                    self._close_conn()
+                    raise
+                self.length = 0
+            self._close_conn()        # we read everything
+            return bytes(s)
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        if self.fp is None:
+            return 0
+
+        if self._method == "HEAD":
+            self._close_conn()
+            return 0
+
+        if self.chunked:
+            return self._readinto_chunked(b)
+
+        if self.length is not None:
+            if len(b) > self.length:
+                # clip the read to the "end of response"
+                b = memoryview(b)[0:self.length]
+
+        # we do not use _safe_read() here because this may be a .will_close
+        # connection, and the user is reading more bytes than will be provided
+        # (for example, reading in 1k chunks)
+
+        if PY2:
+            data = self.fp.read(len(b))
+            n = len(data)
+            b[:n] = data
+        else:
+            n = self.fp.readinto(b)
+
+        if not n and b:
+            # Ideally, we would raise IncompleteRead if the content-length
+            # wasn't satisfied, but it might break compatibility.
+            self._close_conn()
+        elif self.length is not None:
+            self.length -= n
+            if not self.length:
+                self._close_conn()
+        return n
+
+    def _read_next_chunk_size(self):
+        # Read the next chunk size from the file
+        line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
+        if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
+            raise LineTooLong("chunk size")
+        i = line.find(b";")
+        if i >= 0:
+            line = line[:i] # strip chunk-extensions
+        try:
+            return int(line, 16)
+        except ValueError:
+            # close the connection as protocol synchronisation is
+            # probably lost
+            self._close_conn()
+            raise
+
+    def _read_and_discard_trailer(self):
+        # read and discard trailer up to the CRLF terminator
+        ### note: we shouldn't have any trailers!
+        while True:
+            line = self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
+            if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
+                raise LineTooLong("trailer line")
+            if not line:
+                # a vanishingly small number of sites EOF without
+                # sending the trailer
+                break
+            if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
+                break
+
+    def _readall_chunked(self):
+        assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
+        chunk_left = self.chunk_left
+        value = []
+        while True:
+            if chunk_left is None:
+                try:
+                    chunk_left = self._read_next_chunk_size()
+                    if chunk_left == 0:
+                        break
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise IncompleteRead(bytes(b'').join(value))
+            value.append(self._safe_read(chunk_left))
+
+            # we read the whole chunk, get another
+            self._safe_read(2)      # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
+            chunk_left = None
+
+        self._read_and_discard_trailer()
+
+        # we read everything; close the "file"
+        self._close_conn()
+
+        return bytes(b'').join(value)
+
+    def _readinto_chunked(self, b):
+        assert self.chunked != _UNKNOWN
+        chunk_left = self.chunk_left
+
+        total_bytes = 0
+        mvb = memoryview(b)
+        while True:
+            if chunk_left is None:
+                try:
+                    chunk_left = self._read_next_chunk_size()
+                    if chunk_left == 0:
+                        break
+                except ValueError:
+                    raise IncompleteRead(bytes(b[0:total_bytes]))
+
+            if len(mvb) < chunk_left:
+                n = self._safe_readinto(mvb)
+                self.chunk_left = chunk_left - n
+                return total_bytes + n
+            elif len(mvb) == chunk_left:
+                n = self._safe_readinto(mvb)
+                self._safe_read(2)  # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
+                self.chunk_left = None
+                return total_bytes + n
+            else:
+                temp_mvb = mvb[0:chunk_left]
+                n = self._safe_readinto(temp_mvb)
+                mvb = mvb[n:]
+                total_bytes += n
+
+            # we read the whole chunk, get another
+            self._safe_read(2)      # toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk
+            chunk_left = None
+
+        self._read_and_discard_trailer()
+
+        # we read everything; close the "file"
+        self._close_conn()
+
+        return total_bytes
+
+    def _safe_read(self, amt):
+        """Read the number of bytes requested, compensating for partial reads.
+
+        Normally, we have a blocking socket, but a read() can be interrupted
+        by a signal (resulting in a partial read).
+
+        Note that we cannot distinguish between EOF and an interrupt when zero
+        bytes have been read. IncompleteRead() will be raised in this
+        situation.
+
+        This function should be used when <amt> bytes "should" be present for
+        reading. If the bytes are truly not available (due to EOF), then the
+        IncompleteRead exception can be used to detect the problem.
+        """
+        s = []
+        while amt > 0:
+            chunk = self.fp.read(min(amt, MAXAMOUNT))
+            if not chunk:
+                raise IncompleteRead(bytes(b'').join(s), amt)
+            s.append(chunk)
+            amt -= len(chunk)
+        return bytes(b"").join(s)
+
+    def _safe_readinto(self, b):
+        """Same as _safe_read, but for reading into a buffer."""
+        total_bytes = 0
+        mvb = memoryview(b)
+        while total_bytes < len(b):
+            if MAXAMOUNT < len(mvb):
+                temp_mvb = mvb[0:MAXAMOUNT]
+                if PY2:
+                    data = self.fp.read(len(temp_mvb))
+                    n = len(data)
+                    temp_mvb[:n] = data
+                else:
+                    n = self.fp.readinto(temp_mvb)
+            else:
+                if PY2:
+                    data = self.fp.read(len(mvb))
+                    n = len(data)
+                    mvb[:n] = data
+                else:
+                    n = self.fp.readinto(mvb)
+            if not n:
+                raise IncompleteRead(bytes(mvb[0:total_bytes]), len(b))
+            mvb = mvb[n:]
+            total_bytes += n
+        return total_bytes
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.fp.fileno()
+
+    def getheader(self, name, default=None):
+        if self.headers is None:
+            raise ResponseNotReady()
+        headers = self.headers.get_all(name) or default
+        if isinstance(headers, str) or not hasattr(headers, '__iter__'):
+            return headers
+        else:
+            return ', '.join(headers)
+
+    def getheaders(self):
+        """Return list of (header, value) tuples."""
+        if self.headers is None:
+            raise ResponseNotReady()
+        return list(self.headers.items())
+
+    # We override IOBase.__iter__ so that it doesn't check for closed-ness
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    # For compatibility with old-style urllib responses.
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        return self.url
+
+    def getcode(self):
+        return self.status
+
+class HTTPConnection(object):
+
+    _http_vsn = 11
+    _http_vsn_str = 'HTTP/1.1'
+
+    response_class = HTTPResponse
+    default_port = HTTP_PORT
+    auto_open = 1
+    debuglevel = 0
+
+    def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=_strict_sentinel,
+                 timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None):
+        if strict is not _strict_sentinel:
+            warnings.warn("the 'strict' argument isn't supported anymore; "
+                "http.client now always assumes HTTP/1.x compliant servers.",
+                DeprecationWarning, 2)
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.source_address = source_address
+        self.sock = None
+        self._buffer = []
+        self.__response = None
+        self.__state = _CS_IDLE
+        self._method = None
+        self._tunnel_host = None
+        self._tunnel_port = None
+        self._tunnel_headers = {}
+
+        self._set_hostport(host, port)
+
+    def set_tunnel(self, host, port=None, headers=None):
+        """ Sets up the host and the port for the HTTP CONNECT Tunnelling.
+
+        The headers argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers
+        to send with the CONNECT request.
+        """
+        self._tunnel_host = host
+        self._tunnel_port = port
+        if headers:
+            self._tunnel_headers = headers
+        else:
+            self._tunnel_headers.clear()
+
+    def _set_hostport(self, host, port):
+        if port is None:
+            i = host.rfind(':')
+            j = host.rfind(']')         # ipv6 addresses have [...]
+            if i > j:
+                try:
+                    port = int(host[i+1:])
+                except ValueError:
+                    if host[i+1:] == "": # http://foo.com:/ == http://foo.com/
+                        port = self.default_port
+                    else:
+                        raise InvalidURL("nonnumeric port: '%s'" % host[i+1:])
+                host = host[:i]
+            else:
+                port = self.default_port
+            if host and host[0] == '[' and host[-1] == ']':
+                host = host[1:-1]
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+
+    def set_debuglevel(self, level):
+        self.debuglevel = level
+
+    def _tunnel(self):
+        self._set_hostport(self._tunnel_host, self._tunnel_port)
+        connect_str = "CONNECT %s:%d HTTP/1.0\r\n" % (self.host, self.port)
+        connect_bytes = connect_str.encode("ascii")
+        self.send(connect_bytes)
+        for header, value in self._tunnel_headers.items():
+            header_str = "%s: %s\r\n" % (header, value)
+            header_bytes = header_str.encode("latin-1")
+            self.send(header_bytes)
+        self.send(bytes(b'\r\n'))
+
+        response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
+        (version, code, message) = response._read_status()
+
+        if code != 200:
+            self.close()
+            raise socket.error("Tunnel connection failed: %d %s" % (code,
+                                                                    message.strip()))
+        while True:
+            line = response.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1)
+            if len(line) > _MAXLINE:
+                raise LineTooLong("header line")
+            if not line:
+                # for sites which EOF without sending a trailer
+                break
+            if line in (b'\r\n', b'\n', b''):
+                break
+
+    def connect(self):
+        """Connect to the host and port specified in __init__."""
+        self.sock = socket_create_connection((self.host,self.port),
+                                             self.timeout, self.source_address)
+        if self._tunnel_host:
+            self._tunnel()
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close the connection to the HTTP server."""
+        if self.sock:
+            self.sock.close()   # close it manually... there may be other refs
+            self.sock = None
+        if self.__response:
+            self.__response.close()
+            self.__response = None
+        self.__state = _CS_IDLE
+
+    def send(self, data):
+        """Send `data' to the server.
+        ``data`` can be a string object, a bytes object, an array object, a
+        file-like object that supports a .read() method, or an iterable object.
+        """
+
+        if self.sock is None:
+            if self.auto_open:
+                self.connect()
+            else:
+                raise NotConnected()
+
+        if self.debuglevel > 0:
+            print("send:", repr(data))
+        blocksize = 8192
+        # Python 2.7 array objects have a read method which is incompatible
+        # with the 2-arg calling syntax below.
+        if hasattr(data, "read") and not isinstance(data, array):
+            if self.debuglevel > 0:
+                print("sendIng a read()able")
+            encode = False
+            try:
+                mode = data.mode
+            except AttributeError:
+                # io.BytesIO and other file-like objects don't have a `mode`
+                # attribute.
+                pass
+            else:
+                if "b" not in mode:
+                    encode = True
+                    if self.debuglevel > 0:
+                        print("encoding file using iso-8859-1")
+            while 1:
+                datablock = data.read(blocksize)
+                if not datablock:
+                    break
+                if encode:
+                    datablock = datablock.encode("iso-8859-1")
+                self.sock.sendall(datablock)
+            return
+        try:
+            self.sock.sendall(data)
+        except TypeError:
+            if isinstance(data, Iterable):
+                for d in data:
+                    self.sock.sendall(d)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("data should be a bytes-like object "
+                                "or an iterable, got %r" % type(data))
+
+    def _output(self, s):
+        """Add a line of output to the current request buffer.
+
+        Assumes that the line does *not* end with \\r\\n.
+        """
+        self._buffer.append(s)
+
+    def _send_output(self, message_body=None):
+        """Send the currently buffered request and clear the buffer.
+
+        Appends an extra \\r\\n to the buffer.
+        A message_body may be specified, to be appended to the request.
+        """
+        self._buffer.extend((bytes(b""), bytes(b"")))
+        msg = bytes(b"\r\n").join(self._buffer)
+        del self._buffer[:]
+        # If msg and message_body are sent in a single send() call,
+        # it will avoid performance problems caused by the interaction
+        # between delayed ack and the Nagle algorithm.
+        if isinstance(message_body, bytes):
+            msg += message_body
+            message_body = None
+        self.send(msg)
+        if message_body is not None:
+            # message_body was not a string (i.e. it is a file), and
+            # we must run the risk of Nagle.
+            self.send(message_body)
+
+    def putrequest(self, method, url, skip_host=0, skip_accept_encoding=0):
+        """Send a request to the server.
+
+        `method' specifies an HTTP request method, e.g. 'GET'.
+        `url' specifies the object being requested, e.g. '/index.html'.
+        `skip_host' if True does not add automatically a 'Host:' header
+        `skip_accept_encoding' if True does not add automatically an
+           'Accept-Encoding:' header
+        """
+
+        # if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
+        if self.__response and self.__response.isclosed():
+            self.__response = None
+
+
+        # in certain cases, we cannot issue another request on this connection.
+        # this occurs when:
+        #   1) we are in the process of sending a request.   (_CS_REQ_STARTED)
+        #   2) a response to a previous request has signalled that it is going
+        #      to close the connection upon completion.
+        #   3) the headers for the previous response have not been read, thus
+        #      we cannot determine whether point (2) is true.   (_CS_REQ_SENT)
+        #
+        # if there is no prior response, then we can request at will.
+        #
+        # if point (2) is true, then we will have passed the socket to the
+        # response (effectively meaning, "there is no prior response"), and
+        # will open a new one when a new request is made.
+        #
+        # Note: if a prior response exists, then we *can* start a new request.
+        #       We are not allowed to begin fetching the response to this new
+        #       request, however, until that prior response is complete.
+        #
+        if self.__state == _CS_IDLE:
+            self.__state = _CS_REQ_STARTED
+        else:
+            raise CannotSendRequest(self.__state)
+
+        # Save the method we use, we need it later in the response phase
+        self._method = method
+        if not url:
+            url = '/'
+        request = '%s %s %s' % (method, url, self._http_vsn_str)
+
+        # Non-ASCII characters should have been eliminated earlier
+        self._output(request.encode('ascii'))
+
+        if self._http_vsn == 11:
+            # Issue some standard headers for better HTTP/1.1 compliance
+
+            if not skip_host:
+                # this header is issued *only* for HTTP/1.1
+                # connections. more specifically, this means it is
+                # only issued when the client uses the new
+                # HTTPConnection() class. backwards-compat clients
+                # will be using HTTP/1.0 and those clients may be
+                # issuing this header themselves. we should NOT issue
+                # it twice; some web servers (such as Apache) barf
+                # when they see two Host: headers
+
+                # If we need a non-standard port,include it in the
+                # header.  If the request is going through a proxy,
+                # but the host of the actual URL, not the host of the
+                # proxy.
+
+                netloc = ''
+                if url.startswith('http'):
+                    nil, netloc, nil, nil, nil = urlsplit(url)
+
+                if netloc:
+                    try:
+                        netloc_enc = netloc.encode("ascii")
+                    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                        netloc_enc = netloc.encode("idna")
+                    self.putheader('Host', netloc_enc)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        host_enc = self.host.encode("ascii")
+                    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                        host_enc = self.host.encode("idna")
+
+                    # As per RFC 273, IPv6 address should be wrapped with []
+                    # when used as Host header
+
+                    if self.host.find(':') >= 0:
+                        host_enc = bytes(b'[' + host_enc + b']')
+
+                    if self.port == self.default_port:
+                        self.putheader('Host', host_enc)
+                    else:
+                        host_enc = host_enc.decode("ascii")
+                        self.putheader('Host', "%s:%s" % (host_enc, self.port))
+
+            # note: we are assuming that clients will not attempt to set these
+            #       headers since *this* library must deal with the
+            #       consequences. this also means that when the supporting
+            #       libraries are updated to recognize other forms, then this
+            #       code should be changed (removed or updated).
+
+            # we only want a Content-Encoding of "identity" since we don't
+            # support encodings such as x-gzip or x-deflate.
+            if not skip_accept_encoding:
+                self.putheader('Accept-Encoding', 'identity')
+
+            # we can accept "chunked" Transfer-Encodings, but no others
+            # NOTE: no TE header implies *only* "chunked"
+            #self.putheader('TE', 'chunked')
+
+            # if TE is supplied in the header, then it must appear in a
+            # Connection header.
+            #self.putheader('Connection', 'TE')
+
+        else:
+            # For HTTP/1.0, the server will assume "not chunked"
+            pass
+
+    def putheader(self, header, *values):
+        """Send a request header line to the server.
+
+        For example: h.putheader('Accept', 'text/html')
+        """
+        if self.__state != _CS_REQ_STARTED:
+            raise CannotSendHeader()
+
+        if hasattr(header, 'encode'):
+            header = header.encode('ascii')
+        values = list(values)
+        for i, one_value in enumerate(values):
+            if hasattr(one_value, 'encode'):
+                values[i] = one_value.encode('latin-1')
+            elif isinstance(one_value, int):
+                values[i] = str(one_value).encode('ascii')
+        value = bytes(b'\r\n\t').join(values)
+        header = header + bytes(b': ') + value
+        self._output(header)
+
+    def endheaders(self, message_body=None):
+        """Indicate that the last header line has been sent to the server.
+
+        This method sends the request to the server.  The optional message_body
+        argument can be used to pass a message body associated with the
+        request.  The message body will be sent in the same packet as the
+        message headers if it is a string, otherwise it is sent as a separate
+        packet.
+        """
+        if self.__state == _CS_REQ_STARTED:
+            self.__state = _CS_REQ_SENT
+        else:
+            raise CannotSendHeader()
+        self._send_output(message_body)
+
+    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
+        """Send a complete request to the server."""
+        self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
+
+    def _set_content_length(self, body):
+        # Set the content-length based on the body.
+        thelen = None
+        try:
+            thelen = str(len(body))
+        except TypeError as te:
+            # If this is a file-like object, try to
+            # fstat its file descriptor
+            try:
+                thelen = str(os.fstat(body.fileno()).st_size)
+            except (AttributeError, OSError):
+                # Don't send a length if this failed
+                if self.debuglevel > 0: print("Cannot stat!!")
+
+        if thelen is not None:
+            self.putheader('Content-Length', thelen)
+
+    def _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers):
+        # Honor explicitly requested Host: and Accept-Encoding: headers.
+        header_names = dict.fromkeys([k.lower() for k in headers])
+        skips = {}
+        if 'host' in header_names:
+            skips['skip_host'] = 1
+        if 'accept-encoding' in header_names:
+            skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1
+
+        self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
+
+        if body is not None and ('content-length' not in header_names):
+            self._set_content_length(body)
+        for hdr, value in headers.items():
+            self.putheader(hdr, value)
+        if isinstance(body, str):
+            # RFC 2616 Section 3.7.1 says that text default has a
+            # default charset of iso-8859-1.
+            body = body.encode('iso-8859-1')
+        self.endheaders(body)
+
+    def getresponse(self):
+        """Get the response from the server.
+
+        If the HTTPConnection is in the correct state, returns an
+        instance of HTTPResponse or of whatever object is returned by
+        class the response_class variable.
+
+        If a request has not been sent or if a previous response has
+        not be handled, ResponseNotReady is raised.  If the HTTP
+        response indicates that the connection should be closed, then
+        it will be closed before the response is returned.  When the
+        connection is closed, the underlying socket is closed.
+        """
+
+        # if a prior response has been completed, then forget about it.
+        if self.__response and self.__response.isclosed():
+            self.__response = None
+
+        # if a prior response exists, then it must be completed (otherwise, we
+        # cannot read this response's header to determine the connection-close
+        # behavior)
+        #
+        # note: if a prior response existed, but was connection-close, then the
+        # socket and response were made independent of this HTTPConnection
+        # object since a new request requires that we open a whole new
+        # connection
+        #
+        # this means the prior response had one of two states:
+        #   1) will_close: this connection was reset and the prior socket and
+        #                  response operate independently
+        #   2) persistent: the response was retained and we await its
+        #                  isclosed() status to become true.
+        #
+        if self.__state != _CS_REQ_SENT or self.__response:
+            raise ResponseNotReady(self.__state)
+
+        if self.debuglevel > 0:
+            response = self.response_class(self.sock, self.debuglevel,
+                                           method=self._method)
+        else:
+            response = self.response_class(self.sock, method=self._method)
+
+        response.begin()
+        assert response.will_close != _UNKNOWN
+        self.__state = _CS_IDLE
+
+        if response.will_close:
+            # this effectively passes the connection to the response
+            self.close()
+        else:
+            # remember this, so we can tell when it is complete
+            self.__response = response
+
+        return response
+
+try:
+    import ssl
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+        "This class allows communication via SSL."
+
+        default_port = HTTPS_PORT
+
+        # XXX Should key_file and cert_file be deprecated in favour of context?
+
+        def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
+                     strict=_strict_sentinel, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+                     source_address=None, **_3to2kwargs):
+            if 'check_hostname' in _3to2kwargs: check_hostname = _3to2kwargs['check_hostname']; del _3to2kwargs['check_hostname']
+            else: check_hostname = None
+            if 'context' in _3to2kwargs: context = _3to2kwargs['context']; del _3to2kwargs['context']
+            else: context = None
+            super(HTTPSConnection, self).__init__(host, port, strict, timeout,
+                                                  source_address)
+            self.key_file = key_file
+            self.cert_file = cert_file
+            if context is None:
+                # Some reasonable defaults
+                context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+                context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+            will_verify = context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
+            if check_hostname is None:
+                check_hostname = will_verify
+            elif check_hostname and not will_verify:
+                raise ValueError("check_hostname needs a SSL context with "
+                                 "either CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED")
+            if key_file or cert_file:
+                context.load_cert_chain(cert_file, key_file)
+            self._context = context
+            self._check_hostname = check_hostname
+
+        def connect(self):
+            "Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
+
+            sock = socket_create_connection((self.host, self.port),
+                                            self.timeout, self.source_address)
+
+            if self._tunnel_host:
+                self.sock = sock
+                self._tunnel()
+
+            server_hostname = self.host if ssl.HAS_SNI else None
+            self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(sock,
+                                                  server_hostname=server_hostname)
+            try:
+                if self._check_hostname:
+                    ssl.match_hostname(self.sock.getpeercert(), self.host)
+            except Exception:
+                self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+                self.sock.close()
+                raise
+
+    __all__.append("HTTPSConnection")
+
+
+    # ######################################
+    # # We use the old HTTPSConnection class from Py2.7, because ssl.SSLContext
+    # # doesn't exist in the Py2.7 stdlib
+    # class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
+    #     "This class allows communication via SSL."
+
+    #     default_port = HTTPS_PORT
+
+    #     def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
+    #                  strict=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    #                  source_address=None):
+    #         HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict, timeout,
+    #                                 source_address)
+    #         self.key_file = key_file
+    #         self.cert_file = cert_file
+
+    #     def connect(self):
+    #         "Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
+
+    #         sock = socket_create_connection((self.host, self.port),
+    #                                         self.timeout, self.source_address)
+    #         if self._tunnel_host:
+    #             self.sock = sock
+    #             self._tunnel()
+    #         self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file)
+
+    # __all__.append("HTTPSConnection")
+    # ######################################
+
+
+class HTTPException(Exception):
+    # Subclasses that define an __init__ must call Exception.__init__
+    # or define self.args.  Otherwise, str() will fail.
+    pass
+
+class NotConnected(HTTPException):
+    pass
+
+class InvalidURL(HTTPException):
+    pass
+
+class UnknownProtocol(HTTPException):
+    def __init__(self, version):
+        self.args = version,
+        self.version = version
+
+class UnknownTransferEncoding(HTTPException):
+    pass
+
+class UnimplementedFileMode(HTTPException):
+    pass
+
+class IncompleteRead(HTTPException):
+    def __init__(self, partial, expected=None):
+        self.args = partial,
+        self.partial = partial
+        self.expected = expected
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self.expected is not None:
+            e = ', %i more expected' % self.expected
+        else:
+            e = ''
+        return 'IncompleteRead(%i bytes read%s)' % (len(self.partial), e)
+    def __str__(self):
+        return repr(self)
+
+class ImproperConnectionState(HTTPException):
+    pass
+
+class CannotSendRequest(ImproperConnectionState):
+    pass
+
+class CannotSendHeader(ImproperConnectionState):
+    pass
+
+class ResponseNotReady(ImproperConnectionState):
+    pass
+
+class BadStatusLine(HTTPException):
+    def __init__(self, line):
+        if not line:
+            line = repr(line)
+        self.args = line,
+        self.line = line
+
+class LineTooLong(HTTPException):
+    def __init__(self, line_type):
+        HTTPException.__init__(self, "got more than %d bytes when reading %s"
+                                     % (_MAXLINE, line_type))
+
+# for backwards compatibility
+error = HTTPException
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/cookiejar.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/cookiejar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3ef41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/cookiejar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2110 @@
+r"""HTTP cookie handling for web clients.
+
+This is a backport of the Py3.3 ``http.cookiejar`` module for
+python-future.
+
+This module has (now fairly distant) origins in Gisle Aas' Perl module
+HTTP::Cookies, from the libwww-perl library.
+
+Docstrings, comments and debug strings in this code refer to the
+attributes of the HTTP cookie system as cookie-attributes, to distinguish
+them clearly from Python attributes.
+
+Class diagram (note that BSDDBCookieJar and the MSIE* classes are not
+distributed with the Python standard library, but are available from
+http://wwwsearch.sf.net/):
+
+                        CookieJar____
+                        /     \      \
+            FileCookieJar      \      \
+             /    |   \         \      \
+ MozillaCookieJar | LWPCookieJar \      \
+                  |               |      \
+                  |   ---MSIEBase |       \
+                  |  /      |     |        \
+                  | /   MSIEDBCookieJar BSDDBCookieJar
+                  |/
+               MSIECookieJar
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import filter, int, map, open, str
+from future.utils import as_native_str, PY2
+
+__all__ = ['Cookie', 'CookieJar', 'CookiePolicy', 'DefaultCookiePolicy',
+           'FileCookieJar', 'LWPCookieJar', 'LoadError', 'MozillaCookieJar']
+
+import copy
+import datetime
+import re
+if PY2:
+    re.ASCII = 0
+import time
+from future.backports.urllib.parse import urlparse, urlsplit, quote
+from future.backports.http.client import HTTP_PORT
+try:
+    import threading as _threading
+except ImportError:
+    import dummy_threading as _threading
+from calendar import timegm
+
+debug = False   # set to True to enable debugging via the logging module
+logger = None
+
+def _debug(*args):
+    if not debug:
+        return
+    global logger
+    if not logger:
+        import logging
+        logger = logging.getLogger("http.cookiejar")
+    return logger.debug(*args)
+
+
+DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT = str(HTTP_PORT)
+MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT = ("a filename was not supplied (nor was the CookieJar "
+                         "instance initialised with one)")
+
+def _warn_unhandled_exception():
+    # There are a few catch-all except: statements in this module, for
+    # catching input that's bad in unexpected ways.  Warn if any
+    # exceptions are caught there.
+    import io, warnings, traceback
+    f = io.StringIO()
+    traceback.print_exc(None, f)
+    msg = f.getvalue()
+    warnings.warn("http.cookiejar bug!\n%s" % msg, stacklevel=2)
+
+
+# Date/time conversion
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+EPOCH_YEAR = 1970
+def _timegm(tt):
+    year, month, mday, hour, min, sec = tt[:6]
+    if ((year >= EPOCH_YEAR) and (1 <= month <= 12) and (1 <= mday <= 31) and
+        (0 <= hour <= 24) and (0 <= min <= 59) and (0 <= sec <= 61)):
+        return timegm(tt)
+    else:
+        return None
+
+DAYS = ["Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"]
+MONTHS = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
+          "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"]
+MONTHS_LOWER = []
+for month in MONTHS: MONTHS_LOWER.append(month.lower())
+
+def time2isoz(t=None):
+    """Return a string representing time in seconds since epoch, t.
+
+    If the function is called without an argument, it will use the current
+    time.
+
+    The format of the returned string is like "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ssZ",
+    representing Universal Time (UTC, aka GMT).  An example of this format is:
+
+    1994-11-24 08:49:37Z
+
+    """
+    if t is None:
+        dt = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+    else:
+        dt = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t)
+    return "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02dZ" % (
+        dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second)
+
+def time2netscape(t=None):
+    """Return a string representing time in seconds since epoch, t.
+
+    If the function is called without an argument, it will use the current
+    time.
+
+    The format of the returned string is like this:
+
+    Wed, DD-Mon-YYYY HH:MM:SS GMT
+
+    """
+    if t is None:
+        dt = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+    else:
+        dt = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t)
+    return "%s %02d-%s-%04d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT" % (
+        DAYS[dt.weekday()], dt.day, MONTHS[dt.month-1],
+        dt.year, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second)
+
+
+UTC_ZONES = {"GMT": None, "UTC": None, "UT": None, "Z": None}
+
+TIMEZONE_RE = re.compile(r"^([-+])?(\d\d?):?(\d\d)?$", re.ASCII)
+def offset_from_tz_string(tz):
+    offset = None
+    if tz in UTC_ZONES:
+        offset = 0
+    else:
+        m = TIMEZONE_RE.search(tz)
+        if m:
+            offset = 3600 * int(m.group(2))
+            if m.group(3):
+                offset = offset + 60 * int(m.group(3))
+            if m.group(1) == '-':
+                offset = -offset
+    return offset
+
+def _str2time(day, mon, yr, hr, min, sec, tz):
+    # translate month name to number
+    # month numbers start with 1 (January)
+    try:
+        mon = MONTHS_LOWER.index(mon.lower())+1
+    except ValueError:
+        # maybe it's already a number
+        try:
+            imon = int(mon)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+        if 1 <= imon <= 12:
+            mon = imon
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    # make sure clock elements are defined
+    if hr is None: hr = 0
+    if min is None: min = 0
+    if sec is None: sec = 0
+
+    yr = int(yr)
+    day = int(day)
+    hr = int(hr)
+    min = int(min)
+    sec = int(sec)
+
+    if yr < 1000:
+        # find "obvious" year
+        cur_yr = time.localtime(time.time())[0]
+        m = cur_yr % 100
+        tmp = yr
+        yr = yr + cur_yr - m
+        m = m - tmp
+        if abs(m) > 50:
+            if m > 0: yr = yr + 100
+            else: yr = yr - 100
+
+    # convert UTC time tuple to seconds since epoch (not timezone-adjusted)
+    t = _timegm((yr, mon, day, hr, min, sec, tz))
+
+    if t is not None:
+        # adjust time using timezone string, to get absolute time since epoch
+        if tz is None:
+            tz = "UTC"
+        tz = tz.upper()
+        offset = offset_from_tz_string(tz)
+        if offset is None:
+            return None
+        t = t - offset
+
+    return t
+
+STRICT_DATE_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^[SMTWF][a-z][a-z], (\d\d) ([JFMASOND][a-z][a-z]) "
+    "(\d\d\d\d) (\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d) GMT$", re.ASCII)
+WEEKDAY_RE = re.compile(
+    r"^(?:Sun|Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat)[a-z]*,?\s*", re.I | re.ASCII)
+LOOSE_HTTP_DATE_RE = re.compile(
+    r"""^
+    (\d\d?)            # day
+       (?:\s+|[-\/])
+    (\w+)              # month
+        (?:\s+|[-\/])
+    (\d+)              # year
+    (?:
+          (?:\s+|:)    # separator before clock
+       (\d\d?):(\d\d)  # hour:min
+       (?::(\d\d))?    # optional seconds
+    )?                 # optional clock
+       \s*
+    ([-+]?\d{2,4}|(?![APap][Mm]\b)[A-Za-z]+)? # timezone
+       \s*
+    (?:\(\w+\))?       # ASCII representation of timezone in parens.
+       \s*$""", re.X | re.ASCII)
+def http2time(text):
+    """Returns time in seconds since epoch of time represented by a string.
+
+    Return value is an integer.
+
+    None is returned if the format of str is unrecognized, the time is outside
+    the representable range, or the timezone string is not recognized.  If the
+    string contains no timezone, UTC is assumed.
+
+    The timezone in the string may be numerical (like "-0800" or "+0100") or a
+    string timezone (like "UTC", "GMT", "BST" or "EST").  Currently, only the
+    timezone strings equivalent to UTC (zero offset) are known to the function.
+
+    The function loosely parses the following formats:
+
+    Wed, 09 Feb 1994 22:23:32 GMT       -- HTTP format
+    Tuesday, 08-Feb-94 14:15:29 GMT     -- old rfc850 HTTP format
+    Tuesday, 08-Feb-1994 14:15:29 GMT   -- broken rfc850 HTTP format
+    09 Feb 1994 22:23:32 GMT            -- HTTP format (no weekday)
+    08-Feb-94 14:15:29 GMT              -- rfc850 format (no weekday)
+    08-Feb-1994 14:15:29 GMT            -- broken rfc850 format (no weekday)
+
+    The parser ignores leading and trailing whitespace.  The time may be
+    absent.
+
+    If the year is given with only 2 digits, the function will select the
+    century that makes the year closest to the current date.
+
+    """
+    # fast exit for strictly conforming string
+    m = STRICT_DATE_RE.search(text)
+    if m:
+        g = m.groups()
+        mon = MONTHS_LOWER.index(g[1].lower()) + 1
+        tt = (int(g[2]), mon, int(g[0]),
+              int(g[3]), int(g[4]), float(g[5]))
+        return _timegm(tt)
+
+    # No, we need some messy parsing...
+
+    # clean up
+    text = text.lstrip()
+    text = WEEKDAY_RE.sub("", text, 1)  # Useless weekday
+
+    # tz is time zone specifier string
+    day, mon, yr, hr, min, sec, tz = [None]*7
+
+    # loose regexp parse
+    m = LOOSE_HTTP_DATE_RE.search(text)
+    if m is not None:
+        day, mon, yr, hr, min, sec, tz = m.groups()
+    else:
+        return None  # bad format
+
+    return _str2time(day, mon, yr, hr, min, sec, tz)
+
+ISO_DATE_RE = re.compile(
+    """^
+    (\d{4})              # year
+       [-\/]?
+    (\d\d?)              # numerical month
+       [-\/]?
+    (\d\d?)              # day
+   (?:
+         (?:\s+|[-:Tt])  # separator before clock
+      (\d\d?):?(\d\d)    # hour:min
+      (?::?(\d\d(?:\.\d*)?))?  # optional seconds (and fractional)
+   )?                    # optional clock
+      \s*
+   ([-+]?\d\d?:?(:?\d\d)?
+    |Z|z)?               # timezone  (Z is "zero meridian", i.e. GMT)
+      \s*$""", re.X | re. ASCII)
+def iso2time(text):
+    """
+    As for http2time, but parses the ISO 8601 formats:
+
+    1994-02-03 14:15:29 -0100    -- ISO 8601 format
+    1994-02-03 14:15:29          -- zone is optional
+    1994-02-03                   -- only date
+    1994-02-03T14:15:29          -- Use T as separator
+    19940203T141529Z             -- ISO 8601 compact format
+    19940203                     -- only date
+
+    """
+    # clean up
+    text = text.lstrip()
+
+    # tz is time zone specifier string
+    day, mon, yr, hr, min, sec, tz = [None]*7
+
+    # loose regexp parse
+    m = ISO_DATE_RE.search(text)
+    if m is not None:
+        # XXX there's an extra bit of the timezone I'm ignoring here: is
+        #   this the right thing to do?
+        yr, mon, day, hr, min, sec, tz, _ = m.groups()
+    else:
+        return None  # bad format
+
+    return _str2time(day, mon, yr, hr, min, sec, tz)
+
+
+# Header parsing
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def unmatched(match):
+    """Return unmatched part of re.Match object."""
+    start, end = match.span(0)
+    return match.string[:start]+match.string[end:]
+
+HEADER_TOKEN_RE =        re.compile(r"^\s*([^=\s;,]+)")
+HEADER_QUOTED_VALUE_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*=\s*\"([^\"\\]*(?:\\.[^\"\\]*)*)\"")
+HEADER_VALUE_RE =        re.compile(r"^\s*=\s*([^\s;,]*)")
+HEADER_ESCAPE_RE = re.compile(r"\\(.)")
+def split_header_words(header_values):
+    r"""Parse header values into a list of lists containing key,value pairs.
+
+    The function knows how to deal with ",", ";" and "=" as well as quoted
+    values after "=".  A list of space separated tokens are parsed as if they
+    were separated by ";".
+
+    If the header_values passed as argument contains multiple values, then they
+    are treated as if they were a single value separated by comma ",".
+
+    This means that this function is useful for parsing header fields that
+    follow this syntax (BNF as from the HTTP/1.1 specification, but we relax
+    the requirement for tokens).
+
+      headers           = #header
+      header            = (token | parameter) *( [";"] (token | parameter))
+
+      token             = 1*<any CHAR except CTLs or separators>
+      separators        = "(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@"
+                        | "," | ";" | ":" | "\" | <">
+                        | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "="
+                        | "{" | "}" | SP | HT
+
+      quoted-string     = ( <"> *(qdtext | quoted-pair ) <"> )
+      qdtext            = <any TEXT except <">>
+      quoted-pair       = "\" CHAR
+
+      parameter         = attribute "=" value
+      attribute         = token
+      value             = token | quoted-string
+
+    Each header is represented by a list of key/value pairs.  The value for a
+    simple token (not part of a parameter) is None.  Syntactically incorrect
+    headers will not necessarily be parsed as you would want.
+
+    This is easier to describe with some examples:
+
+    >>> split_header_words(['foo="bar"; port="80,81"; discard, bar=baz'])
+    [[('foo', 'bar'), ('port', '80,81'), ('discard', None)], [('bar', 'baz')]]
+    >>> split_header_words(['text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"'])
+    [[('text/html', None), ('charset', 'iso-8859-1')]]
+    >>> split_header_words([r'Basic realm="\"foo\bar\""'])
+    [[('Basic', None), ('realm', '"foobar"')]]
+
+    """
+    assert not isinstance(header_values, str)
+    result = []
+    for text in header_values:
+        orig_text = text
+        pairs = []
+        while text:
+            m = HEADER_TOKEN_RE.search(text)
+            if m:
+                text = unmatched(m)
+                name = m.group(1)
+                m = HEADER_QUOTED_VALUE_RE.search(text)
+                if m:  # quoted value
+                    text = unmatched(m)
+                    value = m.group(1)
+                    value = HEADER_ESCAPE_RE.sub(r"\1", value)
+                else:
+                    m = HEADER_VALUE_RE.search(text)
+                    if m:  # unquoted value
+                        text = unmatched(m)
+                        value = m.group(1)
+                        value = value.rstrip()
+                    else:
+                        # no value, a lone token
+                        value = None
+                pairs.append((name, value))
+            elif text.lstrip().startswith(","):
+                # concatenated headers, as per RFC 2616 section 4.2
+                text = text.lstrip()[1:]
+                if pairs: result.append(pairs)
+                pairs = []
+            else:
+                # skip junk
+                non_junk, nr_junk_chars = re.subn("^[=\s;]*", "", text)
+                assert nr_junk_chars > 0, (
+                    "split_header_words bug: '%s', '%s', %s" %
+                    (orig_text, text, pairs))
+                text = non_junk
+        if pairs: result.append(pairs)
+    return result
+
+HEADER_JOIN_ESCAPE_RE = re.compile(r"([\"\\])")
+def join_header_words(lists):
+    """Do the inverse (almost) of the conversion done by split_header_words.
+
+    Takes a list of lists of (key, value) pairs and produces a single header
+    value.  Attribute values are quoted if needed.
+
+    >>> join_header_words([[("text/plain", None), ("charset", "iso-8859/1")]])
+    'text/plain; charset="iso-8859/1"'
+    >>> join_header_words([[("text/plain", None)], [("charset", "iso-8859/1")]])
+    'text/plain, charset="iso-8859/1"'
+
+    """
+    headers = []
+    for pairs in lists:
+        attr = []
+        for k, v in pairs:
+            if v is not None:
+                if not re.search(r"^\w+$", v):
+                    v = HEADER_JOIN_ESCAPE_RE.sub(r"\\\1", v)  # escape " and \
+                    v = '"%s"' % v
+                k = "%s=%s" % (k, v)
+            attr.append(k)
+        if attr: headers.append("; ".join(attr))
+    return ", ".join(headers)
+
+def strip_quotes(text):
+    if text.startswith('"'):
+        text = text[1:]
+    if text.endswith('"'):
+        text = text[:-1]
+    return text
+
+def parse_ns_headers(ns_headers):
+    """Ad-hoc parser for Netscape protocol cookie-attributes.
+
+    The old Netscape cookie format for Set-Cookie can for instance contain
+    an unquoted "," in the expires field, so we have to use this ad-hoc
+    parser instead of split_header_words.
+
+    XXX This may not make the best possible effort to parse all the crap
+    that Netscape Cookie headers contain.  Ronald Tschalar's HTTPClient
+    parser is probably better, so could do worse than following that if
+    this ever gives any trouble.
+
+    Currently, this is also used for parsing RFC 2109 cookies.
+
+    """
+    known_attrs = ("expires", "domain", "path", "secure",
+                   # RFC 2109 attrs (may turn up in Netscape cookies, too)
+                   "version", "port", "max-age")
+
+    result = []
+    for ns_header in ns_headers:
+        pairs = []
+        version_set = False
+        for ii, param in enumerate(re.split(r";\s*", ns_header)):
+            param = param.rstrip()
+            if param == "": continue
+            if "=" not in param:
+                k, v = param, None
+            else:
+                k, v = re.split(r"\s*=\s*", param, 1)
+                k = k.lstrip()
+            if ii != 0:
+                lc = k.lower()
+                if lc in known_attrs:
+                    k = lc
+                if k == "version":
+                    # This is an RFC 2109 cookie.
+                    v = strip_quotes(v)
+                    version_set = True
+                if k == "expires":
+                    # convert expires date to seconds since epoch
+                    v = http2time(strip_quotes(v))  # None if invalid
+            pairs.append((k, v))
+
+        if pairs:
+            if not version_set:
+                pairs.append(("version", "0"))
+            result.append(pairs)
+
+    return result
+
+
+IPV4_RE = re.compile(r"\.\d+$", re.ASCII)
+def is_HDN(text):
+    """Return True if text is a host domain name."""
+    # XXX
+    # This may well be wrong.  Which RFC is HDN defined in, if any (for
+    #  the purposes of RFC 2965)?
+    # For the current implementation, what about IPv6?  Remember to look
+    #  at other uses of IPV4_RE also, if change this.
+    if IPV4_RE.search(text):
+        return False
+    if text == "":
+        return False
+    if text[0] == "." or text[-1] == ".":
+        return False
+    return True
+
+def domain_match(A, B):
+    """Return True if domain A domain-matches domain B, according to RFC 2965.
+
+    A and B may be host domain names or IP addresses.
+
+    RFC 2965, section 1:
+
+    Host names can be specified either as an IP address or a HDN string.
+    Sometimes we compare one host name with another.  (Such comparisons SHALL
+    be case-insensitive.)  Host A's name domain-matches host B's if
+
+         *  their host name strings string-compare equal; or
+
+         * A is a HDN string and has the form NB, where N is a non-empty
+            name string, B has the form .B', and B' is a HDN string.  (So,
+            x.y.com domain-matches .Y.com but not Y.com.)
+
+    Note that domain-match is not a commutative operation: a.b.c.com
+    domain-matches .c.com, but not the reverse.
+
+    """
+    # Note that, if A or B are IP addresses, the only relevant part of the
+    # definition of the domain-match algorithm is the direct string-compare.
+    A = A.lower()
+    B = B.lower()
+    if A == B:
+        return True
+    if not is_HDN(A):
+        return False
+    i = A.rfind(B)
+    if i == -1 or i == 0:
+        # A does not have form NB, or N is the empty string
+        return False
+    if not B.startswith("."):
+        return False
+    if not is_HDN(B[1:]):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+def liberal_is_HDN(text):
+    """Return True if text is a sort-of-like a host domain name.
+
+    For accepting/blocking domains.
+
+    """
+    if IPV4_RE.search(text):
+        return False
+    return True
+
+def user_domain_match(A, B):
+    """For blocking/accepting domains.
+
+    A and B may be host domain names or IP addresses.
+
+    """
+    A = A.lower()
+    B = B.lower()
+    if not (liberal_is_HDN(A) and liberal_is_HDN(B)):
+        if A == B:
+            # equal IP addresses
+            return True
+        return False
+    initial_dot = B.startswith(".")
+    if initial_dot and A.endswith(B):
+        return True
+    if not initial_dot and A == B:
+        return True
+    return False
+
+cut_port_re = re.compile(r":\d+$", re.ASCII)
+def request_host(request):
+    """Return request-host, as defined by RFC 2965.
+
+    Variation from RFC: returned value is lowercased, for convenient
+    comparison.
+
+    """
+    url = request.get_full_url()
+    host = urlparse(url)[1]
+    if host == "":
+        host = request.get_header("Host", "")
+
+    # remove port, if present
+    host = cut_port_re.sub("", host, 1)
+    return host.lower()
+
+def eff_request_host(request):
+    """Return a tuple (request-host, effective request-host name).
+
+    As defined by RFC 2965, except both are lowercased.
+
+    """
+    erhn = req_host = request_host(request)
+    if req_host.find(".") == -1 and not IPV4_RE.search(req_host):
+        erhn = req_host + ".local"
+    return req_host, erhn
+
+def request_path(request):
+    """Path component of request-URI, as defined by RFC 2965."""
+    url = request.get_full_url()
+    parts = urlsplit(url)
+    path = escape_path(parts.path)
+    if not path.startswith("/"):
+        # fix bad RFC 2396 absoluteURI
+        path = "/" + path
+    return path
+
+def request_port(request):
+    host = request.host
+    i = host.find(':')
+    if i >= 0:
+        port = host[i+1:]
+        try:
+            int(port)
+        except ValueError:
+            _debug("nonnumeric port: '%s'", port)
+            return None
+    else:
+        port = DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT
+    return port
+
+# Characters in addition to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '.', and '-' that don't
+# need to be escaped to form a valid HTTP URL (RFCs 2396 and 1738).
+HTTP_PATH_SAFE = "%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()"
+ESCAPED_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"%([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])")
+def uppercase_escaped_char(match):
+    return "%%%s" % match.group(1).upper()
+def escape_path(path):
+    """Escape any invalid characters in HTTP URL, and uppercase all escapes."""
+    # There's no knowing what character encoding was used to create URLs
+    # containing %-escapes, but since we have to pick one to escape invalid
+    # path characters, we pick UTF-8, as recommended in the HTML 4.0
+    # specification:
+    # http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/appendix/notes.html#h-B.2.1
+    # And here, kind of: draft-fielding-uri-rfc2396bis-03
+    # (And in draft IRI specification: draft-duerst-iri-05)
+    # (And here, for new URI schemes: RFC 2718)
+    path = quote(path, HTTP_PATH_SAFE)
+    path = ESCAPED_CHAR_RE.sub(uppercase_escaped_char, path)
+    return path
+
+def reach(h):
+    """Return reach of host h, as defined by RFC 2965, section 1.
+
+    The reach R of a host name H is defined as follows:
+
+       *  If
+
+          -  H is the host domain name of a host; and,
+
+          -  H has the form A.B; and
+
+          -  A has no embedded (that is, interior) dots; and
+
+          -  B has at least one embedded dot, or B is the string "local".
+             then the reach of H is .B.
+
+       *  Otherwise, the reach of H is H.
+
+    >>> reach("www.acme.com")
+    '.acme.com'
+    >>> reach("acme.com")
+    'acme.com'
+    >>> reach("acme.local")
+    '.local'
+
+    """
+    i = h.find(".")
+    if i >= 0:
+        #a = h[:i]  # this line is only here to show what a is
+        b = h[i+1:]
+        i = b.find(".")
+        if is_HDN(h) and (i >= 0 or b == "local"):
+            return "."+b
+    return h
+
+def is_third_party(request):
+    """
+
+    RFC 2965, section 3.3.6:
+
+        An unverifiable transaction is to a third-party host if its request-
+        host U does not domain-match the reach R of the request-host O in the
+        origin transaction.
+
+    """
+    req_host = request_host(request)
+    if not domain_match(req_host, reach(request.get_origin_req_host())):
+        return True
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+class Cookie(object):
+    """HTTP Cookie.
+
+    This class represents both Netscape and RFC 2965 cookies.
+
+    This is deliberately a very simple class.  It just holds attributes.  It's
+    possible to construct Cookie instances that don't comply with the cookie
+    standards.  CookieJar.make_cookies is the factory function for Cookie
+    objects -- it deals with cookie parsing, supplying defaults, and
+    normalising to the representation used in this class.  CookiePolicy is
+    responsible for checking them to see whether they should be accepted from
+    and returned to the server.
+
+    Note that the port may be present in the headers, but unspecified ("Port"
+    rather than"Port=80", for example); if this is the case, port is None.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, version, name, value,
+                 port, port_specified,
+                 domain, domain_specified, domain_initial_dot,
+                 path, path_specified,
+                 secure,
+                 expires,
+                 discard,
+                 comment,
+                 comment_url,
+                 rest,
+                 rfc2109=False,
+                 ):
+
+        if version is not None: version = int(version)
+        if expires is not None: expires = int(expires)
+        if port is None and port_specified is True:
+            raise ValueError("if port is None, port_specified must be false")
+
+        self.version = version
+        self.name = name
+        self.value = value
+        self.port = port
+        self.port_specified = port_specified
+        # normalise case, as per RFC 2965 section 3.3.3
+        self.domain = domain.lower()
+        self.domain_specified = domain_specified
+        # Sigh.  We need to know whether the domain given in the
+        # cookie-attribute had an initial dot, in order to follow RFC 2965
+        # (as clarified in draft errata).  Needed for the returned $Domain
+        # value.
+        self.domain_initial_dot = domain_initial_dot
+        self.path = path
+        self.path_specified = path_specified
+        self.secure = secure
+        self.expires = expires
+        self.discard = discard
+        self.comment = comment
+        self.comment_url = comment_url
+        self.rfc2109 = rfc2109
+
+        self._rest = copy.copy(rest)
+
+    def has_nonstandard_attr(self, name):
+        return name in self._rest
+    def get_nonstandard_attr(self, name, default=None):
+        return self._rest.get(name, default)
+    def set_nonstandard_attr(self, name, value):
+        self._rest[name] = value
+
+    def is_expired(self, now=None):
+        if now is None: now = time.time()
+        if (self.expires is not None) and (self.expires <= now):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self.port is None: p = ""
+        else: p = ":"+self.port
+        limit = self.domain + p + self.path
+        if self.value is not None:
+            namevalue = "%s=%s" % (self.name, self.value)
+        else:
+            namevalue = self.name
+        return "<Cookie %s for %s>" % (namevalue, limit)
+
+    @as_native_str()
+    def __repr__(self):
+        args = []
+        for name in ("version", "name", "value",
+                     "port", "port_specified",
+                     "domain", "domain_specified", "domain_initial_dot",
+                     "path", "path_specified",
+                     "secure", "expires", "discard", "comment", "comment_url",
+                     ):
+            attr = getattr(self, name)
+            ### Python-Future:
+            # Avoid u'...' prefixes for unicode strings:
+            if isinstance(attr, str):
+                attr = str(attr)
+            ###
+            args.append(str("%s=%s") % (name, repr(attr)))
+        args.append("rest=%s" % repr(self._rest))
+        args.append("rfc2109=%s" % repr(self.rfc2109))
+        return "Cookie(%s)" % ", ".join(args)
+
+
+class CookiePolicy(object):
+    """Defines which cookies get accepted from and returned to server.
+
+    May also modify cookies, though this is probably a bad idea.
+
+    The subclass DefaultCookiePolicy defines the standard rules for Netscape
+    and RFC 2965 cookies -- override that if you want a customised policy.
+
+    """
+    def set_ok(self, cookie, request):
+        """Return true if (and only if) cookie should be accepted from server.
+
+        Currently, pre-expired cookies never get this far -- the CookieJar
+        class deletes such cookies itself.
+
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def return_ok(self, cookie, request):
+        """Return true if (and only if) cookie should be returned to server."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def domain_return_ok(self, domain, request):
+        """Return false if cookies should not be returned, given cookie domain.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    def path_return_ok(self, path, request):
+        """Return false if cookies should not be returned, given cookie path.
+        """
+        return True
+
+
+class DefaultCookiePolicy(CookiePolicy):
+    """Implements the standard rules for accepting and returning cookies."""
+
+    DomainStrictNoDots = 1
+    DomainStrictNonDomain = 2
+    DomainRFC2965Match = 4
+
+    DomainLiberal = 0
+    DomainStrict = DomainStrictNoDots|DomainStrictNonDomain
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 blocked_domains=None, allowed_domains=None,
+                 netscape=True, rfc2965=False,
+                 rfc2109_as_netscape=None,
+                 hide_cookie2=False,
+                 strict_domain=False,
+                 strict_rfc2965_unverifiable=True,
+                 strict_ns_unverifiable=False,
+                 strict_ns_domain=DomainLiberal,
+                 strict_ns_set_initial_dollar=False,
+                 strict_ns_set_path=False,
+                 ):
+        """Constructor arguments should be passed as keyword arguments only."""
+        self.netscape = netscape
+        self.rfc2965 = rfc2965
+        self.rfc2109_as_netscape = rfc2109_as_netscape
+        self.hide_cookie2 = hide_cookie2
+        self.strict_domain = strict_domain
+        self.strict_rfc2965_unverifiable = strict_rfc2965_unverifiable
+        self.strict_ns_unverifiable = strict_ns_unverifiable
+        self.strict_ns_domain = strict_ns_domain
+        self.strict_ns_set_initial_dollar = strict_ns_set_initial_dollar
+        self.strict_ns_set_path = strict_ns_set_path
+
+        if blocked_domains is not None:
+            self._blocked_domains = tuple(blocked_domains)
+        else:
+            self._blocked_domains = ()
+
+        if allowed_domains is not None:
+            allowed_domains = tuple(allowed_domains)
+        self._allowed_domains = allowed_domains
+
+    def blocked_domains(self):
+        """Return the sequence of blocked domains (as a tuple)."""
+        return self._blocked_domains
+    def set_blocked_domains(self, blocked_domains):
+        """Set the sequence of blocked domains."""
+        self._blocked_domains = tuple(blocked_domains)
+
+    def is_blocked(self, domain):
+        for blocked_domain in self._blocked_domains:
+            if user_domain_match(domain, blocked_domain):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def allowed_domains(self):
+        """Return None, or the sequence of allowed domains (as a tuple)."""
+        return self._allowed_domains
+    def set_allowed_domains(self, allowed_domains):
+        """Set the sequence of allowed domains, or None."""
+        if allowed_domains is not None:
+            allowed_domains = tuple(allowed_domains)
+        self._allowed_domains = allowed_domains
+
+    def is_not_allowed(self, domain):
+        if self._allowed_domains is None:
+            return False
+        for allowed_domain in self._allowed_domains:
+            if user_domain_match(domain, allowed_domain):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def set_ok(self, cookie, request):
+        """
+        If you override .set_ok(), be sure to call this method.  If it returns
+        false, so should your subclass (assuming your subclass wants to be more
+        strict about which cookies to accept).
+
+        """
+        _debug(" - checking cookie %s=%s", cookie.name, cookie.value)
+
+        assert cookie.name is not None
+
+        for n in "version", "verifiability", "name", "path", "domain", "port":
+            fn_name = "set_ok_"+n
+            fn = getattr(self, fn_name)
+            if not fn(cookie, request):
+                return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def set_ok_version(self, cookie, request):
+        if cookie.version is None:
+            # Version is always set to 0 by parse_ns_headers if it's a Netscape
+            # cookie, so this must be an invalid RFC 2965 cookie.
+            _debug("   Set-Cookie2 without version attribute (%s=%s)",
+                   cookie.name, cookie.value)
+            return False
+        if cookie.version > 0 and not self.rfc2965:
+            _debug("   RFC 2965 cookies are switched off")
+            return False
+        elif cookie.version == 0 and not self.netscape:
+            _debug("   Netscape cookies are switched off")
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def set_ok_verifiability(self, cookie, request):
+        if request.unverifiable and is_third_party(request):
+            if cookie.version > 0 and self.strict_rfc2965_unverifiable:
+                _debug("   third-party RFC 2965 cookie during "
+                             "unverifiable transaction")
+                return False
+            elif cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_unverifiable:
+                _debug("   third-party Netscape cookie during "
+                             "unverifiable transaction")
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def set_ok_name(self, cookie, request):
+        # Try and stop servers setting V0 cookies designed to hack other
+        # servers that know both V0 and V1 protocols.
+        if (cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_set_initial_dollar and
+            cookie.name.startswith("$")):
+            _debug("   illegal name (starts with '$'): '%s'", cookie.name)
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def set_ok_path(self, cookie, request):
+        if cookie.path_specified:
+            req_path = request_path(request)
+            if ((cookie.version > 0 or
+                 (cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_set_path)) and
+                not req_path.startswith(cookie.path)):
+                _debug("   path attribute %s is not a prefix of request "
+                       "path %s", cookie.path, req_path)
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def set_ok_domain(self, cookie, request):
+        if self.is_blocked(cookie.domain):
+            _debug("   domain %s is in user block-list", cookie.domain)
+            return False
+        if self.is_not_allowed(cookie.domain):
+            _debug("   domain %s is not in user allow-list", cookie.domain)
+            return False
+        if cookie.domain_specified:
+            req_host, erhn = eff_request_host(request)
+            domain = cookie.domain
+            if self.strict_domain and (domain.count(".") >= 2):
+                # XXX This should probably be compared with the Konqueror
+                # (kcookiejar.cpp) and Mozilla implementations, but it's a
+                # losing battle.
+                i = domain.rfind(".")
+                j = domain.rfind(".", 0, i)
+                if j == 0:  # domain like .foo.bar
+                    tld = domain[i+1:]
+                    sld = domain[j+1:i]
+                    if sld.lower() in ("co", "ac", "com", "edu", "org", "net",
+                       "gov", "mil", "int", "aero", "biz", "cat", "coop",
+                       "info", "jobs", "mobi", "museum", "name", "pro",
+                       "travel", "eu") and len(tld) == 2:
+                        # domain like .co.uk
+                        _debug("   country-code second level domain %s", domain)
+                        return False
+            if domain.startswith("."):
+                undotted_domain = domain[1:]
+            else:
+                undotted_domain = domain
+            embedded_dots = (undotted_domain.find(".") >= 0)
+            if not embedded_dots and domain != ".local":
+                _debug("   non-local domain %s contains no embedded dot",
+                       domain)
+                return False
+            if cookie.version == 0:
+                if (not erhn.endswith(domain) and
+                    (not erhn.startswith(".") and
+                     not ("."+erhn).endswith(domain))):
+                    _debug("   effective request-host %s (even with added "
+                           "initial dot) does not end with %s",
+                           erhn, domain)
+                    return False
+            if (cookie.version > 0 or
+                (self.strict_ns_domain & self.DomainRFC2965Match)):
+                if not domain_match(erhn, domain):
+                    _debug("   effective request-host %s does not domain-match "
+                           "%s", erhn, domain)
+                    return False
+            if (cookie.version > 0 or
+                (self.strict_ns_domain & self.DomainStrictNoDots)):
+                host_prefix = req_host[:-len(domain)]
+                if (host_prefix.find(".") >= 0 and
+                    not IPV4_RE.search(req_host)):
+                    _debug("   host prefix %s for domain %s contains a dot",
+                           host_prefix, domain)
+                    return False
+        return True
+
+    def set_ok_port(self, cookie, request):
+        if cookie.port_specified:
+            req_port = request_port(request)
+            if req_port is None:
+                req_port = "80"
+            else:
+                req_port = str(req_port)
+            for p in cookie.port.split(","):
+                try:
+                    int(p)
+                except ValueError:
+                    _debug("   bad port %s (not numeric)", p)
+                    return False
+                if p == req_port:
+                    break
+            else:
+                _debug("   request port (%s) not found in %s",
+                       req_port, cookie.port)
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def return_ok(self, cookie, request):
+        """
+        If you override .return_ok(), be sure to call this method.  If it
+        returns false, so should your subclass (assuming your subclass wants to
+        be more strict about which cookies to return).
+
+        """
+        # Path has already been checked by .path_return_ok(), and domain
+        # blocking done by .domain_return_ok().
+        _debug(" - checking cookie %s=%s", cookie.name, cookie.value)
+
+        for n in "version", "verifiability", "secure", "expires", "port", "domain":
+            fn_name = "return_ok_"+n
+            fn = getattr(self, fn_name)
+            if not fn(cookie, request):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def return_ok_version(self, cookie, request):
+        if cookie.version > 0 and not self.rfc2965:
+            _debug("   RFC 2965 cookies are switched off")
+            return False
+        elif cookie.version == 0 and not self.netscape:
+            _debug("   Netscape cookies are switched off")
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def return_ok_verifiability(self, cookie, request):
+        if request.unverifiable and is_third_party(request):
+            if cookie.version > 0 and self.strict_rfc2965_unverifiable:
+                _debug("   third-party RFC 2965 cookie during unverifiable "
+                       "transaction")
+                return False
+            elif cookie.version == 0 and self.strict_ns_unverifiable:
+                _debug("   third-party Netscape cookie during unverifiable "
+                       "transaction")
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def return_ok_secure(self, cookie, request):
+        if cookie.secure and request.type != "https":
+            _debug("   secure cookie with non-secure request")
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def return_ok_expires(self, cookie, request):
+        if cookie.is_expired(self._now):
+            _debug("   cookie expired")
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def return_ok_port(self, cookie, request):
+        if cookie.port:
+            req_port = request_port(request)
+            if req_port is None:
+                req_port = "80"
+            for p in cookie.port.split(","):
+                if p == req_port:
+                    break
+            else:
+                _debug("   request port %s does not match cookie port %s",
+                       req_port, cookie.port)
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def return_ok_domain(self, cookie, request):
+        req_host, erhn = eff_request_host(request)
+        domain = cookie.domain
+
+        # strict check of non-domain cookies: Mozilla does this, MSIE5 doesn't
+        if (cookie.version == 0 and
+            (self.strict_ns_domain & self.DomainStrictNonDomain) and
+            not cookie.domain_specified and domain != erhn):
+            _debug("   cookie with unspecified domain does not string-compare "
+                   "equal to request domain")
+            return False
+
+        if cookie.version > 0 and not domain_match(erhn, domain):
+            _debug("   effective request-host name %s does not domain-match "
+                   "RFC 2965 cookie domain %s", erhn, domain)
+            return False
+        if cookie.version == 0 and not ("."+erhn).endswith(domain):
+            _debug("   request-host %s does not match Netscape cookie domain "
+                   "%s", req_host, domain)
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def domain_return_ok(self, domain, request):
+        # Liberal check of.  This is here as an optimization to avoid
+        # having to load lots of MSIE cookie files unless necessary.
+        req_host, erhn = eff_request_host(request)
+        if not req_host.startswith("."):
+            req_host = "."+req_host
+        if not erhn.startswith("."):
+            erhn = "."+erhn
+        if not (req_host.endswith(domain) or erhn.endswith(domain)):
+            #_debug("   request domain %s does not match cookie domain %s",
+            #       req_host, domain)
+            return False
+
+        if self.is_blocked(domain):
+            _debug("   domain %s is in user block-list", domain)
+            return False
+        if self.is_not_allowed(domain):
+            _debug("   domain %s is not in user allow-list", domain)
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def path_return_ok(self, path, request):
+        _debug("- checking cookie path=%s", path)
+        req_path = request_path(request)
+        if not req_path.startswith(path):
+            _debug("  %s does not path-match %s", req_path, path)
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+def vals_sorted_by_key(adict):
+    keys = sorted(adict.keys())
+    return map(adict.get, keys)
+
+def deepvalues(mapping):
+    """Iterates over nested mapping, depth-first, in sorted order by key."""
+    values = vals_sorted_by_key(mapping)
+    for obj in values:
+        mapping = False
+        try:
+            obj.items
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            mapping = True
+            for subobj in deepvalues(obj):
+                yield subobj
+        if not mapping:
+            yield obj
+
+
+# Used as second parameter to dict.get() method, to distinguish absent
+# dict key from one with a None value.
+class Absent(object): pass
+
+class CookieJar(object):
+    """Collection of HTTP cookies.
+
+    You may not need to know about this class: try
+    urllib.request.build_opener(HTTPCookieProcessor).open(url).
+    """
+
+    non_word_re = re.compile(r"\W")
+    quote_re = re.compile(r"([\"\\])")
+    strict_domain_re = re.compile(r"\.?[^.]*")
+    domain_re = re.compile(r"[^.]*")
+    dots_re = re.compile(r"^\.+")
+
+    magic_re = re.compile(r"^\#LWP-Cookies-(\d+\.\d+)", re.ASCII)
+
+    def __init__(self, policy=None):
+        if policy is None:
+            policy = DefaultCookiePolicy()
+        self._policy = policy
+
+        self._cookies_lock = _threading.RLock()
+        self._cookies = {}
+
+    def set_policy(self, policy):
+        self._policy = policy
+
+    def _cookies_for_domain(self, domain, request):
+        cookies = []
+        if not self._policy.domain_return_ok(domain, request):
+            return []
+        _debug("Checking %s for cookies to return", domain)
+        cookies_by_path = self._cookies[domain]
+        for path in cookies_by_path.keys():
+            if not self._policy.path_return_ok(path, request):
+                continue
+            cookies_by_name = cookies_by_path[path]
+            for cookie in cookies_by_name.values():
+                if not self._policy.return_ok(cookie, request):
+                    _debug("   not returning cookie")
+                    continue
+                _debug("   it's a match")
+                cookies.append(cookie)
+        return cookies
+
+    def _cookies_for_request(self, request):
+        """Return a list of cookies to be returned to server."""
+        cookies = []
+        for domain in self._cookies.keys():
+            cookies.extend(self._cookies_for_domain(domain, request))
+        return cookies
+
+    def _cookie_attrs(self, cookies):
+        """Return a list of cookie-attributes to be returned to server.
+
+        like ['foo="bar"; $Path="/"', ...]
+
+        The $Version attribute is also added when appropriate (currently only
+        once per request).
+
+        """
+        # add cookies in order of most specific (ie. longest) path first
+        cookies.sort(key=lambda a: len(a.path), reverse=True)
+
+        version_set = False
+
+        attrs = []
+        for cookie in cookies:
+            # set version of Cookie header
+            # XXX
+            # What should it be if multiple matching Set-Cookie headers have
+            #  different versions themselves?
+            # Answer: there is no answer; was supposed to be settled by
+            #  RFC 2965 errata, but that may never appear...
+            version = cookie.version
+            if not version_set:
+                version_set = True
+                if version > 0:
+                    attrs.append("$Version=%s" % version)
+
+            # quote cookie value if necessary
+            # (not for Netscape protocol, which already has any quotes
+            #  intact, due to the poorly-specified Netscape Cookie: syntax)
+            if ((cookie.value is not None) and
+                self.non_word_re.search(cookie.value) and version > 0):
+                value = self.quote_re.sub(r"\\\1", cookie.value)
+            else:
+                value = cookie.value
+
+            # add cookie-attributes to be returned in Cookie header
+            if cookie.value is None:
+                attrs.append(cookie.name)
+            else:
+                attrs.append("%s=%s" % (cookie.name, value))
+            if version > 0:
+                if cookie.path_specified:
+                    attrs.append('$Path="%s"' % cookie.path)
+                if cookie.domain.startswith("."):
+                    domain = cookie.domain
+                    if (not cookie.domain_initial_dot and
+                        domain.startswith(".")):
+                        domain = domain[1:]
+                    attrs.append('$Domain="%s"' % domain)
+                if cookie.port is not None:
+                    p = "$Port"
+                    if cookie.port_specified:
+                        p = p + ('="%s"' % cookie.port)
+                    attrs.append(p)
+
+        return attrs
+
+    def add_cookie_header(self, request):
+        """Add correct Cookie: header to request (urllib.request.Request object).
+
+        The Cookie2 header is also added unless policy.hide_cookie2 is true.
+
+        """
+        _debug("add_cookie_header")
+        self._cookies_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+
+            self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
+
+            cookies = self._cookies_for_request(request)
+
+            attrs = self._cookie_attrs(cookies)
+            if attrs:
+                if not request.has_header("Cookie"):
+                    request.add_unredirected_header(
+                        "Cookie", "; ".join(attrs))
+
+            # if necessary, advertise that we know RFC 2965
+            if (self._policy.rfc2965 and not self._policy.hide_cookie2 and
+                not request.has_header("Cookie2")):
+                for cookie in cookies:
+                    if cookie.version != 1:
+                        request.add_unredirected_header("Cookie2", '$Version="1"')
+                        break
+
+        finally:
+            self._cookies_lock.release()
+
+        self.clear_expired_cookies()
+
+    def _normalized_cookie_tuples(self, attrs_set):
+        """Return list of tuples containing normalised cookie information.
+
+        attrs_set is the list of lists of key,value pairs extracted from
+        the Set-Cookie or Set-Cookie2 headers.
+
+        Tuples are name, value, standard, rest, where name and value are the
+        cookie name and value, standard is a dictionary containing the standard
+        cookie-attributes (discard, secure, version, expires or max-age,
+        domain, path and port) and rest is a dictionary containing the rest of
+        the cookie-attributes.
+
+        """
+        cookie_tuples = []
+
+        boolean_attrs = "discard", "secure"
+        value_attrs = ("version",
+                       "expires", "max-age",
+                       "domain", "path", "port",
+                       "comment", "commenturl")
+
+        for cookie_attrs in attrs_set:
+            name, value = cookie_attrs[0]
+
+            # Build dictionary of standard cookie-attributes (standard) and
+            # dictionary of other cookie-attributes (rest).
+
+            # Note: expiry time is normalised to seconds since epoch.  V0
+            # cookies should have the Expires cookie-attribute, and V1 cookies
+            # should have Max-Age, but since V1 includes RFC 2109 cookies (and
+            # since V0 cookies may be a mish-mash of Netscape and RFC 2109), we
+            # accept either (but prefer Max-Age).
+            max_age_set = False
+
+            bad_cookie = False
+
+            standard = {}
+            rest = {}
+            for k, v in cookie_attrs[1:]:
+                lc = k.lower()
+                # don't lose case distinction for unknown fields
+                if lc in value_attrs or lc in boolean_attrs:
+                    k = lc
+                if k in boolean_attrs and v is None:
+                    # boolean cookie-attribute is present, but has no value
+                    # (like "discard", rather than "port=80")
+                    v = True
+                if k in standard:
+                    # only first value is significant
+                    continue
+                if k == "domain":
+                    if v is None:
+                        _debug("   missing value for domain attribute")
+                        bad_cookie = True
+                        break
+                    # RFC 2965 section 3.3.3
+                    v = v.lower()
+                if k == "expires":
+                    if max_age_set:
+                        # Prefer max-age to expires (like Mozilla)
+                        continue
+                    if v is None:
+                        _debug("   missing or invalid value for expires "
+                              "attribute: treating as session cookie")
+                        continue
+                if k == "max-age":
+                    max_age_set = True
+                    try:
+                        v = int(v)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        _debug("   missing or invalid (non-numeric) value for "
+                              "max-age attribute")
+                        bad_cookie = True
+                        break
+                    # convert RFC 2965 Max-Age to seconds since epoch
+                    # XXX Strictly you're supposed to follow RFC 2616
+                    #   age-calculation rules.  Remember that zero Max-Age is a
+                    #   is a request to discard (old and new) cookie, though.
+                    k = "expires"
+                    v = self._now + v
+                if (k in value_attrs) or (k in boolean_attrs):
+                    if (v is None and
+                        k not in ("port", "comment", "commenturl")):
+                        _debug("   missing value for %s attribute" % k)
+                        bad_cookie = True
+                        break
+                    standard[k] = v
+                else:
+                    rest[k] = v
+
+            if bad_cookie:
+                continue
+
+            cookie_tuples.append((name, value, standard, rest))
+
+        return cookie_tuples
+
+    def _cookie_from_cookie_tuple(self, tup, request):
+        # standard is dict of standard cookie-attributes, rest is dict of the
+        # rest of them
+        name, value, standard, rest = tup
+
+        domain = standard.get("domain", Absent)
+        path = standard.get("path", Absent)
+        port = standard.get("port", Absent)
+        expires = standard.get("expires", Absent)
+
+        # set the easy defaults
+        version = standard.get("version", None)
+        if version is not None:
+            try:
+                version = int(version)
+            except ValueError:
+                return None  # invalid version, ignore cookie
+        secure = standard.get("secure", False)
+        # (discard is also set if expires is Absent)
+        discard = standard.get("discard", False)
+        comment = standard.get("comment", None)
+        comment_url = standard.get("commenturl", None)
+
+        # set default path
+        if path is not Absent and path != "":
+            path_specified = True
+            path = escape_path(path)
+        else:
+            path_specified = False
+            path = request_path(request)
+            i = path.rfind("/")
+            if i != -1:
+                if version == 0:
+                    # Netscape spec parts company from reality here
+                    path = path[:i]
+                else:
+                    path = path[:i+1]
+            if len(path) == 0: path = "/"
+
+        # set default domain
+        domain_specified = domain is not Absent
+        # but first we have to remember whether it starts with a dot
+        domain_initial_dot = False
+        if domain_specified:
+            domain_initial_dot = bool(domain.startswith("."))
+        if domain is Absent:
+            req_host, erhn = eff_request_host(request)
+            domain = erhn
+        elif not domain.startswith("."):
+            domain = "."+domain
+
+        # set default port
+        port_specified = False
+        if port is not Absent:
+            if port is None:
+                # Port attr present, but has no value: default to request port.
+                # Cookie should then only be sent back on that port.
+                port = request_port(request)
+            else:
+                port_specified = True
+                port = re.sub(r"\s+", "", port)
+        else:
+            # No port attr present.  Cookie can be sent back on any port.
+            port = None
+
+        # set default expires and discard
+        if expires is Absent:
+            expires = None
+            discard = True
+        elif expires <= self._now:
+            # Expiry date in past is request to delete cookie.  This can't be
+            # in DefaultCookiePolicy, because can't delete cookies there.
+            try:
+                self.clear(domain, path, name)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            _debug("Expiring cookie, domain='%s', path='%s', name='%s'",
+                   domain, path, name)
+            return None
+
+        return Cookie(version,
+                      name, value,
+                      port, port_specified,
+                      domain, domain_specified, domain_initial_dot,
+                      path, path_specified,
+                      secure,
+                      expires,
+                      discard,
+                      comment,
+                      comment_url,
+                      rest)
+
+    def _cookies_from_attrs_set(self, attrs_set, request):
+        cookie_tuples = self._normalized_cookie_tuples(attrs_set)
+
+        cookies = []
+        for tup in cookie_tuples:
+            cookie = self._cookie_from_cookie_tuple(tup, request)
+            if cookie: cookies.append(cookie)
+        return cookies
+
+    def _process_rfc2109_cookies(self, cookies):
+        rfc2109_as_ns = getattr(self._policy, 'rfc2109_as_netscape', None)
+        if rfc2109_as_ns is None:
+            rfc2109_as_ns = not self._policy.rfc2965
+        for cookie in cookies:
+            if cookie.version == 1:
+                cookie.rfc2109 = True
+                if rfc2109_as_ns:
+                    # treat 2109 cookies as Netscape cookies rather than
+                    # as RFC2965 cookies
+                    cookie.version = 0
+
+    def make_cookies(self, response, request):
+        """Return sequence of Cookie objects extracted from response object."""
+        # get cookie-attributes for RFC 2965 and Netscape protocols
+        headers = response.info()
+        rfc2965_hdrs = headers.get_all("Set-Cookie2", [])
+        ns_hdrs = headers.get_all("Set-Cookie", [])
+
+        rfc2965 = self._policy.rfc2965
+        netscape = self._policy.netscape
+
+        if ((not rfc2965_hdrs and not ns_hdrs) or
+            (not ns_hdrs and not rfc2965) or
+            (not rfc2965_hdrs and not netscape) or
+            (not netscape and not rfc2965)):
+            return []  # no relevant cookie headers: quick exit
+
+        try:
+            cookies = self._cookies_from_attrs_set(
+                split_header_words(rfc2965_hdrs), request)
+        except Exception:
+            _warn_unhandled_exception()
+            cookies = []
+
+        if ns_hdrs and netscape:
+            try:
+                # RFC 2109 and Netscape cookies
+                ns_cookies = self._cookies_from_attrs_set(
+                    parse_ns_headers(ns_hdrs), request)
+            except Exception:
+                _warn_unhandled_exception()
+                ns_cookies = []
+            self._process_rfc2109_cookies(ns_cookies)
+
+            # Look for Netscape cookies (from Set-Cookie headers) that match
+            # corresponding RFC 2965 cookies (from Set-Cookie2 headers).
+            # For each match, keep the RFC 2965 cookie and ignore the Netscape
+            # cookie (RFC 2965 section 9.1).  Actually, RFC 2109 cookies are
+            # bundled in with the Netscape cookies for this purpose, which is
+            # reasonable behaviour.
+            if rfc2965:
+                lookup = {}
+                for cookie in cookies:
+                    lookup[(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)] = None
+
+                def no_matching_rfc2965(ns_cookie, lookup=lookup):
+                    key = ns_cookie.domain, ns_cookie.path, ns_cookie.name
+                    return key not in lookup
+                ns_cookies = filter(no_matching_rfc2965, ns_cookies)
+
+            if ns_cookies:
+                cookies.extend(ns_cookies)
+
+        return cookies
+
+    def set_cookie_if_ok(self, cookie, request):
+        """Set a cookie if policy says it's OK to do so."""
+        self._cookies_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
+
+            if self._policy.set_ok(cookie, request):
+                self.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+
+        finally:
+            self._cookies_lock.release()
+
+    def set_cookie(self, cookie):
+        """Set a cookie, without checking whether or not it should be set."""
+        c = self._cookies
+        self._cookies_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            if cookie.domain not in c: c[cookie.domain] = {}
+            c2 = c[cookie.domain]
+            if cookie.path not in c2: c2[cookie.path] = {}
+            c3 = c2[cookie.path]
+            c3[cookie.name] = cookie
+        finally:
+            self._cookies_lock.release()
+
+    def extract_cookies(self, response, request):
+        """Extract cookies from response, where allowable given the request."""
+        _debug("extract_cookies: %s", response.info())
+        self._cookies_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
+
+            for cookie in self.make_cookies(response, request):
+                if self._policy.set_ok(cookie, request):
+                    _debug(" setting cookie: %s", cookie)
+                    self.set_cookie(cookie)
+        finally:
+            self._cookies_lock.release()
+
+    def clear(self, domain=None, path=None, name=None):
+        """Clear some cookies.
+
+        Invoking this method without arguments will clear all cookies.  If
+        given a single argument, only cookies belonging to that domain will be
+        removed.  If given two arguments, cookies belonging to the specified
+        path within that domain are removed.  If given three arguments, then
+        the cookie with the specified name, path and domain is removed.
+
+        Raises KeyError if no matching cookie exists.
+
+        """
+        if name is not None:
+            if (domain is None) or (path is None):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "domain and path must be given to remove a cookie by name")
+            del self._cookies[domain][path][name]
+        elif path is not None:
+            if domain is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "domain must be given to remove cookies by path")
+            del self._cookies[domain][path]
+        elif domain is not None:
+            del self._cookies[domain]
+        else:
+            self._cookies = {}
+
+    def clear_session_cookies(self):
+        """Discard all session cookies.
+
+        Note that the .save() method won't save session cookies anyway, unless
+        you ask otherwise by passing a true ignore_discard argument.
+
+        """
+        self._cookies_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            for cookie in self:
+                if cookie.discard:
+                    self.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
+        finally:
+            self._cookies_lock.release()
+
+    def clear_expired_cookies(self):
+        """Discard all expired cookies.
+
+        You probably don't need to call this method: expired cookies are never
+        sent back to the server (provided you're using DefaultCookiePolicy),
+        this method is called by CookieJar itself every so often, and the
+        .save() method won't save expired cookies anyway (unless you ask
+        otherwise by passing a true ignore_expires argument).
+
+        """
+        self._cookies_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+            now = time.time()
+            for cookie in self:
+                if cookie.is_expired(now):
+                    self.clear(cookie.domain, cookie.path, cookie.name)
+        finally:
+            self._cookies_lock.release()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return deepvalues(self._cookies)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        """Return number of contained cookies."""
+        i = 0
+        for cookie in self: i = i + 1
+        return i
+
+    @as_native_str()
+    def __repr__(self):
+        r = []
+        for cookie in self: r.append(repr(cookie))
+        return "<%s[%s]>" % (self.__class__, ", ".join(r))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        r = []
+        for cookie in self: r.append(str(cookie))
+        return "<%s[%s]>" % (self.__class__, ", ".join(r))
+
+
+# derives from IOError for backwards-compatibility with Python 2.4.0
+class LoadError(IOError): pass
+
+class FileCookieJar(CookieJar):
+    """CookieJar that can be loaded from and saved to a file."""
+
+    def __init__(self, filename=None, delayload=False, policy=None):
+        """
+        Cookies are NOT loaded from the named file until either the .load() or
+        .revert() method is called.
+
+        """
+        CookieJar.__init__(self, policy)
+        if filename is not None:
+            try:
+                filename+""
+            except:
+                raise ValueError("filename must be string-like")
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.delayload = bool(delayload)
+
+    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
+        """Save cookies to a file."""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def load(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
+        """Load cookies from a file."""
+        if filename is None:
+            if self.filename is not None: filename = self.filename
+            else: raise ValueError(MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
+
+        f = open(filename)
+        try:
+            self._really_load(f, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
+        finally:
+            f.close()
+
+    def revert(self, filename=None,
+               ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
+        """Clear all cookies and reload cookies from a saved file.
+
+        Raises LoadError (or IOError) if reversion is not successful; the
+        object's state will not be altered if this happens.
+
+        """
+        if filename is None:
+            if self.filename is not None: filename = self.filename
+            else: raise ValueError(MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
+
+        self._cookies_lock.acquire()
+        try:
+
+            old_state = copy.deepcopy(self._cookies)
+            self._cookies = {}
+            try:
+                self.load(filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
+            except (LoadError, IOError):
+                self._cookies = old_state
+                raise
+
+        finally:
+            self._cookies_lock.release()
+
+
+def lwp_cookie_str(cookie):
+    """Return string representation of Cookie in an the LWP cookie file format.
+
+    Actually, the format is extended a bit -- see module docstring.
+
+    """
+    h = [(cookie.name, cookie.value),
+         ("path", cookie.path),
+         ("domain", cookie.domain)]
+    if cookie.port is not None: h.append(("port", cookie.port))
+    if cookie.path_specified: h.append(("path_spec", None))
+    if cookie.port_specified: h.append(("port_spec", None))
+    if cookie.domain_initial_dot: h.append(("domain_dot", None))
+    if cookie.secure: h.append(("secure", None))
+    if cookie.expires: h.append(("expires",
+                               time2isoz(float(cookie.expires))))
+    if cookie.discard: h.append(("discard", None))
+    if cookie.comment: h.append(("comment", cookie.comment))
+    if cookie.comment_url: h.append(("commenturl", cookie.comment_url))
+
+    keys = sorted(cookie._rest.keys())
+    for k in keys:
+        h.append((k, str(cookie._rest[k])))
+
+    h.append(("version", str(cookie.version)))
+
+    return join_header_words([h])
+
+class LWPCookieJar(FileCookieJar):
+    """
+    The LWPCookieJar saves a sequence of "Set-Cookie3" lines.
+    "Set-Cookie3" is the format used by the libwww-perl libary, not known
+    to be compatible with any browser, but which is easy to read and
+    doesn't lose information about RFC 2965 cookies.
+
+    Additional methods
+
+    as_lwp_str(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expired=True)
+
+    """
+
+    def as_lwp_str(self, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True):
+        """Return cookies as a string of "\\n"-separated "Set-Cookie3" headers.
+
+        ignore_discard and ignore_expires: see docstring for FileCookieJar.save
+
+        """
+        now = time.time()
+        r = []
+        for cookie in self:
+            if not ignore_discard and cookie.discard:
+                continue
+            if not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now):
+                continue
+            r.append("Set-Cookie3: %s" % lwp_cookie_str(cookie))
+        return "\n".join(r+[""])
+
+    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
+        if filename is None:
+            if self.filename is not None: filename = self.filename
+            else: raise ValueError(MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
+
+        f = open(filename, "w")
+        try:
+            # There really isn't an LWP Cookies 2.0 format, but this indicates
+            # that there is extra information in here (domain_dot and
+            # port_spec) while still being compatible with libwww-perl, I hope.
+            f.write("#LWP-Cookies-2.0\n")
+            f.write(self.as_lwp_str(ignore_discard, ignore_expires))
+        finally:
+            f.close()
+
+    def _really_load(self, f, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires):
+        magic = f.readline()
+        if not self.magic_re.search(magic):
+            msg = ("%r does not look like a Set-Cookie3 (LWP) format "
+                   "file" % filename)
+            raise LoadError(msg)
+
+        now = time.time()
+
+        header = "Set-Cookie3:"
+        boolean_attrs = ("port_spec", "path_spec", "domain_dot",
+                         "secure", "discard")
+        value_attrs = ("version",
+                       "port", "path", "domain",
+                       "expires",
+                       "comment", "commenturl")
+
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                line = f.readline()
+                if line == "": break
+                if not line.startswith(header):
+                    continue
+                line = line[len(header):].strip()
+
+                for data in split_header_words([line]):
+                    name, value = data[0]
+                    standard = {}
+                    rest = {}
+                    for k in boolean_attrs:
+                        standard[k] = False
+                    for k, v in data[1:]:
+                        if k is not None:
+                            lc = k.lower()
+                        else:
+                            lc = None
+                        # don't lose case distinction for unknown fields
+                        if (lc in value_attrs) or (lc in boolean_attrs):
+                            k = lc
+                        if k in boolean_attrs:
+                            if v is None: v = True
+                            standard[k] = v
+                        elif k in value_attrs:
+                            standard[k] = v
+                        else:
+                            rest[k] = v
+
+                    h = standard.get
+                    expires = h("expires")
+                    discard = h("discard")
+                    if expires is not None:
+                        expires = iso2time(expires)
+                    if expires is None:
+                        discard = True
+                    domain = h("domain")
+                    domain_specified = domain.startswith(".")
+                    c = Cookie(h("version"), name, value,
+                               h("port"), h("port_spec"),
+                               domain, domain_specified, h("domain_dot"),
+                               h("path"), h("path_spec"),
+                               h("secure"),
+                               expires,
+                               discard,
+                               h("comment"),
+                               h("commenturl"),
+                               rest)
+                    if not ignore_discard and c.discard:
+                        continue
+                    if not ignore_expires and c.is_expired(now):
+                        continue
+                    self.set_cookie(c)
+
+        except IOError:
+            raise
+        except Exception:
+            _warn_unhandled_exception()
+            raise LoadError("invalid Set-Cookie3 format file %r: %r" %
+                            (filename, line))
+
+
+class MozillaCookieJar(FileCookieJar):
+    """
+
+    WARNING: you may want to backup your browser's cookies file if you use
+    this class to save cookies.  I *think* it works, but there have been
+    bugs in the past!
+
+    This class differs from CookieJar only in the format it uses to save and
+    load cookies to and from a file.  This class uses the Mozilla/Netscape
+    `cookies.txt' format.  lynx uses this file format, too.
+
+    Don't expect cookies saved while the browser is running to be noticed by
+    the browser (in fact, Mozilla on unix will overwrite your saved cookies if
+    you change them on disk while it's running; on Windows, you probably can't
+    save at all while the browser is running).
+
+    Note that the Mozilla/Netscape format will downgrade RFC2965 cookies to
+    Netscape cookies on saving.
+
+    In particular, the cookie version and port number information is lost,
+    together with information about whether or not Path, Port and Discard were
+    specified by the Set-Cookie2 (or Set-Cookie) header, and whether or not the
+    domain as set in the HTTP header started with a dot (yes, I'm aware some
+    domains in Netscape files start with a dot and some don't -- trust me, you
+    really don't want to know any more about this).
+
+    Note that though Mozilla and Netscape use the same format, they use
+    slightly different headers.  The class saves cookies using the Netscape
+    header by default (Mozilla can cope with that).
+
+    """
+    magic_re = re.compile("#( Netscape)? HTTP Cookie File")
+    header = """\
+# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
+# http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html
+# This is a generated file!  Do not edit.
+
+"""
+
+    def _really_load(self, f, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires):
+        now = time.time()
+
+        magic = f.readline()
+        if not self.magic_re.search(magic):
+            f.close()
+            raise LoadError(
+                "%r does not look like a Netscape format cookies file" %
+                filename)
+
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                line = f.readline()
+                if line == "": break
+
+                # last field may be absent, so keep any trailing tab
+                if line.endswith("\n"): line = line[:-1]
+
+                # skip comments and blank lines XXX what is $ for?
+                if (line.strip().startswith(("#", "$")) or
+                    line.strip() == ""):
+                    continue
+
+                domain, domain_specified, path, secure, expires, name, value = \
+                        line.split("\t")
+                secure = (secure == "TRUE")
+                domain_specified = (domain_specified == "TRUE")
+                if name == "":
+                    # cookies.txt regards 'Set-Cookie: foo' as a cookie
+                    # with no name, whereas http.cookiejar regards it as a
+                    # cookie with no value.
+                    name = value
+                    value = None
+
+                initial_dot = domain.startswith(".")
+                assert domain_specified == initial_dot
+
+                discard = False
+                if expires == "":
+                    expires = None
+                    discard = True
+
+                # assume path_specified is false
+                c = Cookie(0, name, value,
+                           None, False,
+                           domain, domain_specified, initial_dot,
+                           path, False,
+                           secure,
+                           expires,
+                           discard,
+                           None,
+                           None,
+                           {})
+                if not ignore_discard and c.discard:
+                    continue
+                if not ignore_expires and c.is_expired(now):
+                    continue
+                self.set_cookie(c)
+
+        except IOError:
+            raise
+        except Exception:
+            _warn_unhandled_exception()
+            raise LoadError("invalid Netscape format cookies file %r: %r" %
+                            (filename, line))
+
+    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
+        if filename is None:
+            if self.filename is not None: filename = self.filename
+            else: raise ValueError(MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
+
+        f = open(filename, "w")
+        try:
+            f.write(self.header)
+            now = time.time()
+            for cookie in self:
+                if not ignore_discard and cookie.discard:
+                    continue
+                if not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now):
+                    continue
+                if cookie.secure: secure = "TRUE"
+                else: secure = "FALSE"
+                if cookie.domain.startswith("."): initial_dot = "TRUE"
+                else: initial_dot = "FALSE"
+                if cookie.expires is not None:
+                    expires = str(cookie.expires)
+                else:
+                    expires = ""
+                if cookie.value is None:
+                    # cookies.txt regards 'Set-Cookie: foo' as a cookie
+                    # with no name, whereas http.cookiejar regards it as a
+                    # cookie with no value.
+                    name = ""
+                    value = cookie.name
+                else:
+                    name = cookie.name
+                    value = cookie.value
+                f.write(
+                    "\t".join([cookie.domain, initial_dot, cookie.path,
+                               secure, expires, name, value])+
+                    "\n")
+        finally:
+            f.close()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/cookies.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/cookies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bb61e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/cookies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+####
+# Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>
+#
+#                All Rights Reserved
+#
+# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
+# and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
+# granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
+# copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
+# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
+# Timothy O'Malley  not be used in advertising or publicity
+# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
+# prior permission.
+#
+# Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
+# SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+# AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR
+# ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+# WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+# PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+#
+####
+#
+# Id: Cookie.py,v 2.29 2000/08/23 05:28:49 timo Exp
+#   by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>
+#
+#  Cookie.py is a Python module for the handling of HTTP
+#  cookies as a Python dictionary.  See RFC 2109 for more
+#  information on cookies.
+#
+#  The original idea to treat Cookies as a dictionary came from
+#  Dave Mitchell (davem@magnet.com) in 1995, when he released the
+#  first version of nscookie.py.
+#
+####
+
+r"""
+http.cookies module ported to python-future from Py3.3
+
+Here's a sample session to show how to use this module.
+At the moment, this is the only documentation.
+
+The Basics
+----------
+
+Importing is easy...
+
+   >>> from http import cookies
+
+Most of the time you start by creating a cookie.
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+
+Once you've created your Cookie, you can add values just as if it were
+a dictionary.
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+   >>> C["fig"] = "newton"
+   >>> C["sugar"] = "wafer"
+   >>> C.output()
+   'Set-Cookie: fig=newton\r\nSet-Cookie: sugar=wafer'
+
+Notice that the printable representation of a Cookie is the
+appropriate format for a Set-Cookie: header.  This is the
+default behavior.  You can change the header and printed
+attributes by using the .output() function
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+   >>> C["rocky"] = "road"
+   >>> C["rocky"]["path"] = "/cookie"
+   >>> print(C.output(header="Cookie:"))
+   Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie
+   >>> print(C.output(attrs=[], header="Cookie:"))
+   Cookie: rocky=road
+
+The load() method of a Cookie extracts cookies from a string.  In a
+CGI script, you would use this method to extract the cookies from the
+HTTP_COOKIE environment variable.
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+   >>> C.load("chips=ahoy; vienna=finger")
+   >>> C.output()
+   'Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy\r\nSet-Cookie: vienna=finger'
+
+The load() method is darn-tootin smart about identifying cookies
+within a string.  Escaped quotation marks, nested semicolons, and other
+such trickeries do not confuse it.
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+   >>> C.load('keebler="E=everybody; L=\\"Loves\\"; fudge=\\012;";')
+   >>> print(C)
+   Set-Cookie: keebler="E=everybody; L=\"Loves\"; fudge=\012;"
+
+Each element of the Cookie also supports all of the RFC 2109
+Cookie attributes.  Here's an example which sets the Path
+attribute.
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+   >>> C["oreo"] = "doublestuff"
+   >>> C["oreo"]["path"] = "/"
+   >>> print(C)
+   Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/
+
+Each dictionary element has a 'value' attribute, which gives you
+back the value associated with the key.
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+   >>> C["twix"] = "none for you"
+   >>> C["twix"].value
+   'none for you'
+
+The SimpleCookie expects that all values should be standard strings.
+Just to be sure, SimpleCookie invokes the str() builtin to convert
+the value to a string, when the values are set dictionary-style.
+
+   >>> C = cookies.SimpleCookie()
+   >>> C["number"] = 7
+   >>> C["string"] = "seven"
+   >>> C["number"].value
+   '7'
+   >>> C["string"].value
+   'seven'
+   >>> C.output()
+   'Set-Cookie: number=7\r\nSet-Cookie: string=seven'
+
+Finis.
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import chr, dict, int, str
+from future.utils import PY2, as_native_str
+
+#
+# Import our required modules
+#
+import re
+if PY2:
+    re.ASCII = 0    # for py2 compatibility
+import string
+
+__all__ = ["CookieError", "BaseCookie", "SimpleCookie"]
+
+_nulljoin = ''.join
+_semispacejoin = '; '.join
+_spacejoin = ' '.join
+
+#
+# Define an exception visible to External modules
+#
+class CookieError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# These quoting routines conform to the RFC2109 specification, which in
+# turn references the character definitions from RFC2068.  They provide
+# a two-way quoting algorithm.  Any non-text character is translated
+# into a 4 character sequence: a forward-slash followed by the
+# three-digit octal equivalent of the character.  Any '\' or '"' is
+# quoted with a preceeding '\' slash.
+#
+# These are taken from RFC2068 and RFC2109.
+#       _LegalChars       is the list of chars which don't require "'s
+#       _Translator       hash-table for fast quoting
+#
+_LegalChars       = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~:"
+_Translator       = {
+    '\000' : '\\000',  '\001' : '\\001',  '\002' : '\\002',
+    '\003' : '\\003',  '\004' : '\\004',  '\005' : '\\005',
+    '\006' : '\\006',  '\007' : '\\007',  '\010' : '\\010',
+    '\011' : '\\011',  '\012' : '\\012',  '\013' : '\\013',
+    '\014' : '\\014',  '\015' : '\\015',  '\016' : '\\016',
+    '\017' : '\\017',  '\020' : '\\020',  '\021' : '\\021',
+    '\022' : '\\022',  '\023' : '\\023',  '\024' : '\\024',
+    '\025' : '\\025',  '\026' : '\\026',  '\027' : '\\027',
+    '\030' : '\\030',  '\031' : '\\031',  '\032' : '\\032',
+    '\033' : '\\033',  '\034' : '\\034',  '\035' : '\\035',
+    '\036' : '\\036',  '\037' : '\\037',
+
+    # Because of the way browsers really handle cookies (as opposed
+    # to what the RFC says) we also encode , and ;
+
+    ',' : '\\054', ';' : '\\073',
+
+    '"' : '\\"',       '\\' : '\\\\',
+
+    '\177' : '\\177',  '\200' : '\\200',  '\201' : '\\201',
+    '\202' : '\\202',  '\203' : '\\203',  '\204' : '\\204',
+    '\205' : '\\205',  '\206' : '\\206',  '\207' : '\\207',
+    '\210' : '\\210',  '\211' : '\\211',  '\212' : '\\212',
+    '\213' : '\\213',  '\214' : '\\214',  '\215' : '\\215',
+    '\216' : '\\216',  '\217' : '\\217',  '\220' : '\\220',
+    '\221' : '\\221',  '\222' : '\\222',  '\223' : '\\223',
+    '\224' : '\\224',  '\225' : '\\225',  '\226' : '\\226',
+    '\227' : '\\227',  '\230' : '\\230',  '\231' : '\\231',
+    '\232' : '\\232',  '\233' : '\\233',  '\234' : '\\234',
+    '\235' : '\\235',  '\236' : '\\236',  '\237' : '\\237',
+    '\240' : '\\240',  '\241' : '\\241',  '\242' : '\\242',
+    '\243' : '\\243',  '\244' : '\\244',  '\245' : '\\245',
+    '\246' : '\\246',  '\247' : '\\247',  '\250' : '\\250',
+    '\251' : '\\251',  '\252' : '\\252',  '\253' : '\\253',
+    '\254' : '\\254',  '\255' : '\\255',  '\256' : '\\256',
+    '\257' : '\\257',  '\260' : '\\260',  '\261' : '\\261',
+    '\262' : '\\262',  '\263' : '\\263',  '\264' : '\\264',
+    '\265' : '\\265',  '\266' : '\\266',  '\267' : '\\267',
+    '\270' : '\\270',  '\271' : '\\271',  '\272' : '\\272',
+    '\273' : '\\273',  '\274' : '\\274',  '\275' : '\\275',
+    '\276' : '\\276',  '\277' : '\\277',  '\300' : '\\300',
+    '\301' : '\\301',  '\302' : '\\302',  '\303' : '\\303',
+    '\304' : '\\304',  '\305' : '\\305',  '\306' : '\\306',
+    '\307' : '\\307',  '\310' : '\\310',  '\311' : '\\311',
+    '\312' : '\\312',  '\313' : '\\313',  '\314' : '\\314',
+    '\315' : '\\315',  '\316' : '\\316',  '\317' : '\\317',
+    '\320' : '\\320',  '\321' : '\\321',  '\322' : '\\322',
+    '\323' : '\\323',  '\324' : '\\324',  '\325' : '\\325',
+    '\326' : '\\326',  '\327' : '\\327',  '\330' : '\\330',
+    '\331' : '\\331',  '\332' : '\\332',  '\333' : '\\333',
+    '\334' : '\\334',  '\335' : '\\335',  '\336' : '\\336',
+    '\337' : '\\337',  '\340' : '\\340',  '\341' : '\\341',
+    '\342' : '\\342',  '\343' : '\\343',  '\344' : '\\344',
+    '\345' : '\\345',  '\346' : '\\346',  '\347' : '\\347',
+    '\350' : '\\350',  '\351' : '\\351',  '\352' : '\\352',
+    '\353' : '\\353',  '\354' : '\\354',  '\355' : '\\355',
+    '\356' : '\\356',  '\357' : '\\357',  '\360' : '\\360',
+    '\361' : '\\361',  '\362' : '\\362',  '\363' : '\\363',
+    '\364' : '\\364',  '\365' : '\\365',  '\366' : '\\366',
+    '\367' : '\\367',  '\370' : '\\370',  '\371' : '\\371',
+    '\372' : '\\372',  '\373' : '\\373',  '\374' : '\\374',
+    '\375' : '\\375',  '\376' : '\\376',  '\377' : '\\377'
+    }
+
+def _quote(str, LegalChars=_LegalChars):
+    r"""Quote a string for use in a cookie header.
+
+    If the string does not need to be double-quoted, then just return the
+    string.  Otherwise, surround the string in doublequotes and quote
+    (with a \) special characters.
+    """
+    if all(c in LegalChars for c in str):
+        return str
+    else:
+        return '"' + _nulljoin(_Translator.get(s, s) for s in str) + '"'
+
+
+_OctalPatt = re.compile(r"\\[0-3][0-7][0-7]")
+_QuotePatt = re.compile(r"[\\].")
+
+def _unquote(mystr):
+    # If there aren't any doublequotes,
+    # then there can't be any special characters.  See RFC 2109.
+    if len(mystr) < 2:
+        return mystr
+    if mystr[0] != '"' or mystr[-1] != '"':
+        return mystr
+
+    # We have to assume that we must decode this string.
+    # Down to work.
+
+    # Remove the "s
+    mystr = mystr[1:-1]
+
+    # Check for special sequences.  Examples:
+    #    \012 --> \n
+    #    \"   --> "
+    #
+    i = 0
+    n = len(mystr)
+    res = []
+    while 0 <= i < n:
+        o_match = _OctalPatt.search(mystr, i)
+        q_match = _QuotePatt.search(mystr, i)
+        if not o_match and not q_match:              # Neither matched
+            res.append(mystr[i:])
+            break
+        # else:
+        j = k = -1
+        if o_match:
+            j = o_match.start(0)
+        if q_match:
+            k = q_match.start(0)
+        if q_match and (not o_match or k < j):     # QuotePatt matched
+            res.append(mystr[i:k])
+            res.append(mystr[k+1])
+            i = k + 2
+        else:                                      # OctalPatt matched
+            res.append(mystr[i:j])
+            res.append(chr(int(mystr[j+1:j+4], 8)))
+            i = j + 4
+    return _nulljoin(res)
+
+# The _getdate() routine is used to set the expiration time in the cookie's HTTP
+# header.  By default, _getdate() returns the current time in the appropriate
+# "expires" format for a Set-Cookie header.  The one optional argument is an
+# offset from now, in seconds.  For example, an offset of -3600 means "one hour
+# ago".  The offset may be a floating point number.
+#
+
+_weekdayname = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
+
+_monthname = [None,
+              'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
+              'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
+
+def _getdate(future=0, weekdayname=_weekdayname, monthname=_monthname):
+    from time import gmtime, time
+    now = time()
+    year, month, day, hh, mm, ss, wd, y, z = gmtime(now + future)
+    return "%s, %02d %3s %4d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT" % \
+           (weekdayname[wd], day, monthname[month], year, hh, mm, ss)
+
+
+class Morsel(dict):
+    """A class to hold ONE (key, value) pair.
+
+    In a cookie, each such pair may have several attributes, so this class is
+    used to keep the attributes associated with the appropriate key,value pair.
+    This class also includes a coded_value attribute, which is used to hold
+    the network representation of the value.  This is most useful when Python
+    objects are pickled for network transit.
+    """
+    # RFC 2109 lists these attributes as reserved:
+    #   path       comment         domain
+    #   max-age    secure      version
+    #
+    # For historical reasons, these attributes are also reserved:
+    #   expires
+    #
+    # This is an extension from Microsoft:
+    #   httponly
+    #
+    # This dictionary provides a mapping from the lowercase
+    # variant on the left to the appropriate traditional
+    # formatting on the right.
+    _reserved = {
+        "expires"  : "expires",
+        "path"     : "Path",
+        "comment"  : "Comment",
+        "domain"   : "Domain",
+        "max-age"  : "Max-Age",
+        "secure"   : "secure",
+        "httponly" : "httponly",
+        "version"  : "Version",
+    }
+
+    _flags = set(['secure', 'httponly'])
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Set defaults
+        self.key = self.value = self.coded_value = None
+
+        # Set default attributes
+        for key in self._reserved:
+            dict.__setitem__(self, key, "")
+
+    def __setitem__(self, K, V):
+        K = K.lower()
+        if not K in self._reserved:
+            raise CookieError("Invalid Attribute %s" % K)
+        dict.__setitem__(self, K, V)
+
+    def isReservedKey(self, K):
+        return K.lower() in self._reserved
+
+    def set(self, key, val, coded_val, LegalChars=_LegalChars):
+        # First we verify that the key isn't a reserved word
+        # Second we make sure it only contains legal characters
+        if key.lower() in self._reserved:
+            raise CookieError("Attempt to set a reserved key: %s" % key)
+        if any(c not in LegalChars for c in key):
+            raise CookieError("Illegal key value: %s" % key)
+
+        # It's a good key, so save it.
+        self.key = key
+        self.value = val
+        self.coded_value = coded_val
+
+    def output(self, attrs=None, header="Set-Cookie:"):
+        return "%s %s" % (header, self.OutputString(attrs))
+
+    __str__ = output
+
+    @as_native_str()
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if PY2 and isinstance(self.value, unicode):
+            val = str(self.value)    # make it a newstr to remove the u prefix
+        else:
+            val = self.value
+        return '<%s: %s=%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                                str(self.key), repr(val))
+
+    def js_output(self, attrs=None):
+        # Print javascript
+        return """
+        <script type="text/javascript">
+        <!-- begin hiding
+        document.cookie = \"%s\";
+        // end hiding -->
+        </script>
+        """ % (self.OutputString(attrs).replace('"', r'\"'))
+
+    def OutputString(self, attrs=None):
+        # Build up our result
+        #
+        result = []
+        append = result.append
+
+        # First, the key=value pair
+        append("%s=%s" % (self.key, self.coded_value))
+
+        # Now add any defined attributes
+        if attrs is None:
+            attrs = self._reserved
+        items = sorted(self.items())
+        for key, value in items:
+            if value == "":
+                continue
+            if key not in attrs:
+                continue
+            if key == "expires" and isinstance(value, int):
+                append("%s=%s" % (self._reserved[key], _getdate(value)))
+            elif key == "max-age" and isinstance(value, int):
+                append("%s=%d" % (self._reserved[key], value))
+            elif key == "secure":
+                append(str(self._reserved[key]))
+            elif key == "httponly":
+                append(str(self._reserved[key]))
+            else:
+                append("%s=%s" % (self._reserved[key], value))
+
+        # Return the result
+        return _semispacejoin(result)
+
+
+#
+# Pattern for finding cookie
+#
+# This used to be strict parsing based on the RFC2109 and RFC2068
+# specifications.  I have since discovered that MSIE 3.0x doesn't
+# follow the character rules outlined in those specs.  As a
+# result, the parsing rules here are less strict.
+#
+
+_LegalCharsPatt  = r"[\w\d!#%&'~_`><@,:/\$\*\+\-\.\^\|\)\(\?\}\{\=]"
+_CookiePattern = re.compile(r"""
+    (?x)                           # This is a verbose pattern
+    (?P<key>                       # Start of group 'key'
+    """ + _LegalCharsPatt + r"""+?   # Any word of at least one letter
+    )                              # End of group 'key'
+    (                              # Optional group: there may not be a value.
+    \s*=\s*                          # Equal Sign
+    (?P<val>                         # Start of group 'val'
+    "(?:[^\\"]|\\.)*"                  # Any doublequoted string
+    |                                  # or
+    \w{3},\s[\w\d\s-]{9,11}\s[\d:]{8}\sGMT  # Special case for "expires" attr
+    |                                  # or
+    """ + _LegalCharsPatt + r"""*      # Any word or empty string
+    )                                # End of group 'val'
+    )?                             # End of optional value group
+    \s*                            # Any number of spaces.
+    (\s+|;|$)                      # Ending either at space, semicolon, or EOS.
+    """, re.ASCII)                 # May be removed if safe.
+
+
+# At long last, here is the cookie class.  Using this class is almost just like
+# using a dictionary.  See this module's docstring for example usage.
+#
+class BaseCookie(dict):
+    """A container class for a set of Morsels."""
+
+    def value_decode(self, val):
+        """real_value, coded_value = value_decode(STRING)
+        Called prior to setting a cookie's value from the network
+        representation.  The VALUE is the value read from HTTP
+        header.
+        Override this function to modify the behavior of cookies.
+        """
+        return val, val
+
+    def value_encode(self, val):
+        """real_value, coded_value = value_encode(VALUE)
+        Called prior to setting a cookie's value from the dictionary
+        representation.  The VALUE is the value being assigned.
+        Override this function to modify the behavior of cookies.
+        """
+        strval = str(val)
+        return strval, strval
+
+    def __init__(self, input=None):
+        if input:
+            self.load(input)
+
+    def __set(self, key, real_value, coded_value):
+        """Private method for setting a cookie's value"""
+        M = self.get(key, Morsel())
+        M.set(key, real_value, coded_value)
+        dict.__setitem__(self, key, M)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        """Dictionary style assignment."""
+        rval, cval = self.value_encode(value)
+        self.__set(key, rval, cval)
+
+    def output(self, attrs=None, header="Set-Cookie:", sep="\015\012"):
+        """Return a string suitable for HTTP."""
+        result = []
+        items = sorted(self.items())
+        for key, value in items:
+            result.append(value.output(attrs, header))
+        return sep.join(result)
+
+    __str__ = output
+
+    @as_native_str()
+    def __repr__(self):
+        l = []
+        items = sorted(self.items())
+        for key, value in items:
+            if PY2 and isinstance(value.value, unicode):
+                val = str(value.value)    # make it a newstr to remove the u prefix
+            else:
+                val = value.value
+            l.append('%s=%s' % (str(key), repr(val)))
+        return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, _spacejoin(l))
+
+    def js_output(self, attrs=None):
+        """Return a string suitable for JavaScript."""
+        result = []
+        items = sorted(self.items())
+        for key, value in items:
+            result.append(value.js_output(attrs))
+        return _nulljoin(result)
+
+    def load(self, rawdata):
+        """Load cookies from a string (presumably HTTP_COOKIE) or
+        from a dictionary.  Loading cookies from a dictionary 'd'
+        is equivalent to calling:
+            map(Cookie.__setitem__, d.keys(), d.values())
+        """
+        if isinstance(rawdata, str):
+            self.__parse_string(rawdata)
+        else:
+            # self.update() wouldn't call our custom __setitem__
+            for key, value in rawdata.items():
+                self[key] = value
+        return
+
+    def __parse_string(self, mystr, patt=_CookiePattern):
+        i = 0            # Our starting point
+        n = len(mystr)     # Length of string
+        M = None         # current morsel
+
+        while 0 <= i < n:
+            # Start looking for a cookie
+            match = patt.search(mystr, i)
+            if not match:
+                # No more cookies
+                break
+
+            key, value = match.group("key"), match.group("val")
+
+            i = match.end(0)
+
+            # Parse the key, value in case it's metainfo
+            if key[0] == "$":
+                # We ignore attributes which pertain to the cookie
+                # mechanism as a whole.  See RFC 2109.
+                # (Does anyone care?)
+                if M:
+                    M[key[1:]] = value
+            elif key.lower() in Morsel._reserved:
+                if M:
+                    if value is None:
+                        if key.lower() in Morsel._flags:
+                            M[key] = True
+                    else:
+                        M[key] = _unquote(value)
+            elif value is not None:
+                rval, cval = self.value_decode(value)
+                self.__set(key, rval, cval)
+                M = self[key]
+
+
+class SimpleCookie(BaseCookie):
+    """
+    SimpleCookie supports strings as cookie values.  When setting
+    the value using the dictionary assignment notation, SimpleCookie
+    calls the builtin str() to convert the value to a string.  Values
+    received from HTTP are kept as strings.
+    """
+    def value_decode(self, val):
+        return _unquote(val), val
+
+    def value_encode(self, val):
+        strval = str(val)
+        return strval, _quote(strval)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/server.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1c11e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/http/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1226 @@
+"""HTTP server classes.
+
+From Python 3.3
+
+Note: BaseHTTPRequestHandler doesn't implement any HTTP request; see
+SimpleHTTPRequestHandler for simple implementations of GET, HEAD and POST,
+and CGIHTTPRequestHandler for CGI scripts.
+
+It does, however, optionally implement HTTP/1.1 persistent connections,
+as of version 0.3.
+
+Notes on CGIHTTPRequestHandler
+------------------------------
+
+This class implements GET and POST requests to cgi-bin scripts.
+
+If the os.fork() function is not present (e.g. on Windows),
+subprocess.Popen() is used as a fallback, with slightly altered semantics.
+
+In all cases, the implementation is intentionally naive -- all
+requests are executed synchronously.
+
+SECURITY WARNING: DON'T USE THIS CODE UNLESS YOU ARE INSIDE A FIREWALL
+-- it may execute arbitrary Python code or external programs.
+
+Note that status code 200 is sent prior to execution of a CGI script, so
+scripts cannot send other status codes such as 302 (redirect).
+
+XXX To do:
+
+- log requests even later (to capture byte count)
+- log user-agent header and other interesting goodies
+- send error log to separate file
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future import utils
+from future.builtins import *
+
+
+# See also:
+#
+# HTTP Working Group                                        T. Berners-Lee
+# INTERNET-DRAFT                                            R. T. Fielding
+# <draft-ietf-http-v10-spec-00.txt>                     H. Frystyk Nielsen
+# Expires September 8, 1995                                  March 8, 1995
+#
+# URL: http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/draft-ietf-http-v10-spec-00.txt
+#
+# and
+#
+# Network Working Group                                      R. Fielding
+# Request for Comments: 2616                                       et al
+# Obsoletes: 2068                                              June 1999
+# Category: Standards Track
+#
+# URL: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2616.html
+
+# Log files
+# ---------
+#
+# Here's a quote from the NCSA httpd docs about log file format.
+#
+# | The logfile format is as follows. Each line consists of:
+# |
+# | host rfc931 authuser [DD/Mon/YYYY:hh:mm:ss] "request" ddd bbbb
+# |
+# |        host: Either the DNS name or the IP number of the remote client
+# |        rfc931: Any information returned by identd for this person,
+# |                - otherwise.
+# |        authuser: If user sent a userid for authentication, the user name,
+# |                  - otherwise.
+# |        DD: Day
+# |        Mon: Month (calendar name)
+# |        YYYY: Year
+# |        hh: hour (24-hour format, the machine's timezone)
+# |        mm: minutes
+# |        ss: seconds
+# |        request: The first line of the HTTP request as sent by the client.
+# |        ddd: the status code returned by the server, - if not available.
+# |        bbbb: the total number of bytes sent,
+# |              *not including the HTTP/1.0 header*, - if not available
+# |
+# | You can determine the name of the file accessed through request.
+#
+# (Actually, the latter is only true if you know the server configuration
+# at the time the request was made!)
+
+__version__ = "0.6"
+
+__all__ = ["HTTPServer", "BaseHTTPRequestHandler"]
+
+from future.backports import html
+from future.backports.http import client as http_client
+from future.backports.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
+from future.backports import socketserver
+
+import io
+import mimetypes
+import os
+import posixpath
+import select
+import shutil
+import socket # For gethostbyaddr()
+import sys
+import time
+import copy
+import argparse
+
+
+# Default error message template
+DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE = """\
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
+        <title>Error response</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h1>Error response</h1>
+        <p>Error code: %(code)d</p>
+        <p>Message: %(message)s.</p>
+        <p>Error code explanation: %(code)s - %(explain)s.</p>
+    </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+DEFAULT_ERROR_CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html;charset=utf-8"
+
+def _quote_html(html):
+    return html.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;")
+
+class HTTPServer(socketserver.TCPServer):
+
+    allow_reuse_address = 1    # Seems to make sense in testing environment
+
+    def server_bind(self):
+        """Override server_bind to store the server name."""
+        socketserver.TCPServer.server_bind(self)
+        host, port = self.socket.getsockname()[:2]
+        self.server_name = socket.getfqdn(host)
+        self.server_port = port
+
+
+class BaseHTTPRequestHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler):
+
+    """HTTP request handler base class.
+
+    The following explanation of HTTP serves to guide you through the
+    code as well as to expose any misunderstandings I may have about
+    HTTP (so you don't need to read the code to figure out I'm wrong
+    :-).
+
+    HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is an extensible protocol on
+    top of a reliable stream transport (e.g. TCP/IP).  The protocol
+    recognizes three parts to a request:
+
+    1. One line identifying the request type and path
+    2. An optional set of RFC-822-style headers
+    3. An optional data part
+
+    The headers and data are separated by a blank line.
+
+    The first line of the request has the form
+
+    <command> <path> <version>
+
+    where <command> is a (case-sensitive) keyword such as GET or POST,
+    <path> is a string containing path information for the request,
+    and <version> should be the string "HTTP/1.0" or "HTTP/1.1".
+    <path> is encoded using the URL encoding scheme (using %xx to signify
+    the ASCII character with hex code xx).
+
+    The specification specifies that lines are separated by CRLF but
+    for compatibility with the widest range of clients recommends
+    servers also handle LF.  Similarly, whitespace in the request line
+    is treated sensibly (allowing multiple spaces between components
+    and allowing trailing whitespace).
+
+    Similarly, for output, lines ought to be separated by CRLF pairs
+    but most clients grok LF characters just fine.
+
+    If the first line of the request has the form
+
+    <command> <path>
+
+    (i.e. <version> is left out) then this is assumed to be an HTTP
+    0.9 request; this form has no optional headers and data part and
+    the reply consists of just the data.
+
+    The reply form of the HTTP 1.x protocol again has three parts:
+
+    1. One line giving the response code
+    2. An optional set of RFC-822-style headers
+    3. The data
+
+    Again, the headers and data are separated by a blank line.
+
+    The response code line has the form
+
+    <version> <responsecode> <responsestring>
+
+    where <version> is the protocol version ("HTTP/1.0" or "HTTP/1.1"),
+    <responsecode> is a 3-digit response code indicating success or
+    failure of the request, and <responsestring> is an optional
+    human-readable string explaining what the response code means.
+
+    This server parses the request and the headers, and then calls a
+    function specific to the request type (<command>).  Specifically,
+    a request SPAM will be handled by a method do_SPAM().  If no
+    such method exists the server sends an error response to the
+    client.  If it exists, it is called with no arguments:
+
+    do_SPAM()
+
+    Note that the request name is case sensitive (i.e. SPAM and spam
+    are different requests).
+
+    The various request details are stored in instance variables:
+
+    - client_address is the client IP address in the form (host,
+    port);
+
+    - command, path and version are the broken-down request line;
+
+    - headers is an instance of email.message.Message (or a derived
+    class) containing the header information;
+
+    - rfile is a file object open for reading positioned at the
+    start of the optional input data part;
+
+    - wfile is a file object open for writing.
+
+    IT IS IMPORTANT TO ADHERE TO THE PROTOCOL FOR WRITING!
+
+    The first thing to be written must be the response line.  Then
+    follow 0 or more header lines, then a blank line, and then the
+    actual data (if any).  The meaning of the header lines depends on
+    the command executed by the server; in most cases, when data is
+    returned, there should be at least one header line of the form
+
+    Content-type: <type>/<subtype>
+
+    where <type> and <subtype> should be registered MIME types,
+    e.g. "text/html" or "text/plain".
+
+    """
+
+    # The Python system version, truncated to its first component.
+    sys_version = "Python/" + sys.version.split()[0]
+
+    # The server software version.  You may want to override this.
+    # The format is multiple whitespace-separated strings,
+    # where each string is of the form name[/version].
+    server_version = "BaseHTTP/" + __version__
+
+    error_message_format = DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE
+    error_content_type = DEFAULT_ERROR_CONTENT_TYPE
+
+    # The default request version.  This only affects responses up until
+    # the point where the request line is parsed, so it mainly decides what
+    # the client gets back when sending a malformed request line.
+    # Most web servers default to HTTP 0.9, i.e. don't send a status line.
+    default_request_version = "HTTP/0.9"
+
+    def parse_request(self):
+        """Parse a request (internal).
+
+        The request should be stored in self.raw_requestline; the results
+        are in self.command, self.path, self.request_version and
+        self.headers.
+
+        Return True for success, False for failure; on failure, an
+        error is sent back.
+
+        """
+        self.command = None  # set in case of error on the first line
+        self.request_version = version = self.default_request_version
+        self.close_connection = 1
+        requestline = str(self.raw_requestline, 'iso-8859-1')
+        requestline = requestline.rstrip('\r\n')
+        self.requestline = requestline
+        words = requestline.split()
+        if len(words) == 3:
+            command, path, version = words
+            if version[:5] != 'HTTP/':
+                self.send_error(400, "Bad request version (%r)" % version)
+                return False
+            try:
+                base_version_number = version.split('/', 1)[1]
+                version_number = base_version_number.split(".")
+                # RFC 2145 section 3.1 says there can be only one "." and
+                #   - major and minor numbers MUST be treated as
+                #      separate integers;
+                #   - HTTP/2.4 is a lower version than HTTP/2.13, which in
+                #      turn is lower than HTTP/12.3;
+                #   - Leading zeros MUST be ignored by recipients.
+                if len(version_number) != 2:
+                    raise ValueError
+                version_number = int(version_number[0]), int(version_number[1])
+            except (ValueError, IndexError):
+                self.send_error(400, "Bad request version (%r)" % version)
+                return False
+            if version_number >= (1, 1) and self.protocol_version >= "HTTP/1.1":
+                self.close_connection = 0
+            if version_number >= (2, 0):
+                self.send_error(505,
+                          "Invalid HTTP Version (%s)" % base_version_number)
+                return False
+        elif len(words) == 2:
+            command, path = words
+            self.close_connection = 1
+            if command != 'GET':
+                self.send_error(400,
+                                "Bad HTTP/0.9 request type (%r)" % command)
+                return False
+        elif not words:
+            return False
+        else:
+            self.send_error(400, "Bad request syntax (%r)" % requestline)
+            return False
+        self.command, self.path, self.request_version = command, path, version
+
+        # Examine the headers and look for a Connection directive.
+        try:
+            self.headers = http_client.parse_headers(self.rfile,
+                                                     _class=self.MessageClass)
+        except http_client.LineTooLong:
+            self.send_error(400, "Line too long")
+            return False
+
+        conntype = self.headers.get('Connection', "")
+        if conntype.lower() == 'close':
+            self.close_connection = 1
+        elif (conntype.lower() == 'keep-alive' and
+              self.protocol_version >= "HTTP/1.1"):
+            self.close_connection = 0
+        # Examine the headers and look for an Expect directive
+        expect = self.headers.get('Expect', "")
+        if (expect.lower() == "100-continue" and
+                self.protocol_version >= "HTTP/1.1" and
+                self.request_version >= "HTTP/1.1"):
+            if not self.handle_expect_100():
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    def handle_expect_100(self):
+        """Decide what to do with an "Expect: 100-continue" header.
+
+        If the client is expecting a 100 Continue response, we must
+        respond with either a 100 Continue or a final response before
+        waiting for the request body. The default is to always respond
+        with a 100 Continue. You can behave differently (for example,
+        reject unauthorized requests) by overriding this method.
+
+        This method should either return True (possibly after sending
+        a 100 Continue response) or send an error response and return
+        False.
+
+        """
+        self.send_response_only(100)
+        self.flush_headers()
+        return True
+
+    def handle_one_request(self):
+        """Handle a single HTTP request.
+
+        You normally don't need to override this method; see the class
+        __doc__ string for information on how to handle specific HTTP
+        commands such as GET and POST.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline(65537)
+            if len(self.raw_requestline) > 65536:
+                self.requestline = ''
+                self.request_version = ''
+                self.command = ''
+                self.send_error(414)
+                return
+            if not self.raw_requestline:
+                self.close_connection = 1
+                return
+            if not self.parse_request():
+                # An error code has been sent, just exit
+                return
+            mname = 'do_' + self.command
+            if not hasattr(self, mname):
+                self.send_error(501, "Unsupported method (%r)" % self.command)
+                return
+            method = getattr(self, mname)
+            method()
+            self.wfile.flush() #actually send the response if not already done.
+        except socket.timeout as e:
+            #a read or a write timed out.  Discard this connection
+            self.log_error("Request timed out: %r", e)
+            self.close_connection = 1
+            return
+
+    def handle(self):
+        """Handle multiple requests if necessary."""
+        self.close_connection = 1
+
+        self.handle_one_request()
+        while not self.close_connection:
+            self.handle_one_request()
+
+    def send_error(self, code, message=None):
+        """Send and log an error reply.
+
+        Arguments are the error code, and a detailed message.
+        The detailed message defaults to the short entry matching the
+        response code.
+
+        This sends an error response (so it must be called before any
+        output has been generated), logs the error, and finally sends
+        a piece of HTML explaining the error to the user.
+
+        """
+
+        try:
+            shortmsg, longmsg = self.responses[code]
+        except KeyError:
+            shortmsg, longmsg = '???', '???'
+        if message is None:
+            message = shortmsg
+        explain = longmsg
+        self.log_error("code %d, message %s", code, message)
+        # using _quote_html to prevent Cross Site Scripting attacks (see bug #1100201)
+        content = (self.error_message_format %
+                   {'code': code, 'message': _quote_html(message), 'explain': explain})
+        self.send_response(code, message)
+        self.send_header("Content-Type", self.error_content_type)
+        self.send_header('Connection', 'close')
+        self.end_headers()
+        if self.command != 'HEAD' and code >= 200 and code not in (204, 304):
+            self.wfile.write(content.encode('UTF-8', 'replace'))
+
+    def send_response(self, code, message=None):
+        """Add the response header to the headers buffer and log the
+        response code.
+
+        Also send two standard headers with the server software
+        version and the current date.
+
+        """
+        self.log_request(code)
+        self.send_response_only(code, message)
+        self.send_header('Server', self.version_string())
+        self.send_header('Date', self.date_time_string())
+
+    def send_response_only(self, code, message=None):
+        """Send the response header only."""
+        if message is None:
+            if code in self.responses:
+                message = self.responses[code][0]
+            else:
+                message = ''
+        if self.request_version != 'HTTP/0.9':
+            if not hasattr(self, '_headers_buffer'):
+                self._headers_buffer = []
+            self._headers_buffer.append(("%s %d %s\r\n" %
+                    (self.protocol_version, code, message)).encode(
+                        'latin-1', 'strict'))
+
+    def send_header(self, keyword, value):
+        """Send a MIME header to the headers buffer."""
+        if self.request_version != 'HTTP/0.9':
+            if not hasattr(self, '_headers_buffer'):
+                self._headers_buffer = []
+            self._headers_buffer.append(
+                ("%s: %s\r\n" % (keyword, value)).encode('latin-1', 'strict'))
+
+        if keyword.lower() == 'connection':
+            if value.lower() == 'close':
+                self.close_connection = 1
+            elif value.lower() == 'keep-alive':
+                self.close_connection = 0
+
+    def end_headers(self):
+        """Send the blank line ending the MIME headers."""
+        if self.request_version != 'HTTP/0.9':
+            self._headers_buffer.append(b"\r\n")
+            self.flush_headers()
+
+    def flush_headers(self):
+        if hasattr(self, '_headers_buffer'):
+            self.wfile.write(b"".join(self._headers_buffer))
+            self._headers_buffer = []
+
+    def log_request(self, code='-', size='-'):
+        """Log an accepted request.
+
+        This is called by send_response().
+
+        """
+
+        self.log_message('"%s" %s %s',
+                         self.requestline, str(code), str(size))
+
+    def log_error(self, format, *args):
+        """Log an error.
+
+        This is called when a request cannot be fulfilled.  By
+        default it passes the message on to log_message().
+
+        Arguments are the same as for log_message().
+
+        XXX This should go to the separate error log.
+
+        """
+
+        self.log_message(format, *args)
+
+    def log_message(self, format, *args):
+        """Log an arbitrary message.
+
+        This is used by all other logging functions.  Override
+        it if you have specific logging wishes.
+
+        The first argument, FORMAT, is a format string for the
+        message to be logged.  If the format string contains
+        any % escapes requiring parameters, they should be
+        specified as subsequent arguments (it's just like
+        printf!).
+
+        The client ip and current date/time are prefixed to
+        every message.
+
+        """
+
+        sys.stderr.write("%s - - [%s] %s\n" %
+                         (self.address_string(),
+                          self.log_date_time_string(),
+                          format%args))
+
+    def version_string(self):
+        """Return the server software version string."""
+        return self.server_version + ' ' + self.sys_version
+
+    def date_time_string(self, timestamp=None):
+        """Return the current date and time formatted for a message header."""
+        if timestamp is None:
+            timestamp = time.time()
+        year, month, day, hh, mm, ss, wd, y, z = time.gmtime(timestamp)
+        s = "%s, %02d %3s %4d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT" % (
+                self.weekdayname[wd],
+                day, self.monthname[month], year,
+                hh, mm, ss)
+        return s
+
+    def log_date_time_string(self):
+        """Return the current time formatted for logging."""
+        now = time.time()
+        year, month, day, hh, mm, ss, x, y, z = time.localtime(now)
+        s = "%02d/%3s/%04d %02d:%02d:%02d" % (
+                day, self.monthname[month], year, hh, mm, ss)
+        return s
+
+    weekdayname = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
+
+    monthname = [None,
+                 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
+                 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
+
+    def address_string(self):
+        """Return the client address."""
+
+        return self.client_address[0]
+
+    # Essentially static class variables
+
+    # The version of the HTTP protocol we support.
+    # Set this to HTTP/1.1 to enable automatic keepalive
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.0"
+
+    # MessageClass used to parse headers
+    MessageClass = http_client.HTTPMessage
+
+    # Table mapping response codes to messages; entries have the
+    # form {code: (shortmessage, longmessage)}.
+    # See RFC 2616 and 6585.
+    responses = {
+        100: ('Continue', 'Request received, please continue'),
+        101: ('Switching Protocols',
+              'Switching to new protocol; obey Upgrade header'),
+
+        200: ('OK', 'Request fulfilled, document follows'),
+        201: ('Created', 'Document created, URL follows'),
+        202: ('Accepted',
+              'Request accepted, processing continues off-line'),
+        203: ('Non-Authoritative Information', 'Request fulfilled from cache'),
+        204: ('No Content', 'Request fulfilled, nothing follows'),
+        205: ('Reset Content', 'Clear input form for further input.'),
+        206: ('Partial Content', 'Partial content follows.'),
+
+        300: ('Multiple Choices',
+              'Object has several resources -- see URI list'),
+        301: ('Moved Permanently', 'Object moved permanently -- see URI list'),
+        302: ('Found', 'Object moved temporarily -- see URI list'),
+        303: ('See Other', 'Object moved -- see Method and URL list'),
+        304: ('Not Modified',
+              'Document has not changed since given time'),
+        305: ('Use Proxy',
+              'You must use proxy specified in Location to access this '
+              'resource.'),
+        307: ('Temporary Redirect',
+              'Object moved temporarily -- see URI list'),
+
+        400: ('Bad Request',
+              'Bad request syntax or unsupported method'),
+        401: ('Unauthorized',
+              'No permission -- see authorization schemes'),
+        402: ('Payment Required',
+              'No payment -- see charging schemes'),
+        403: ('Forbidden',
+              'Request forbidden -- authorization will not help'),
+        404: ('Not Found', 'Nothing matches the given URI'),
+        405: ('Method Not Allowed',
+              'Specified method is invalid for this resource.'),
+        406: ('Not Acceptable', 'URI not available in preferred format.'),
+        407: ('Proxy Authentication Required', 'You must authenticate with '
+              'this proxy before proceeding.'),
+        408: ('Request Timeout', 'Request timed out; try again later.'),
+        409: ('Conflict', 'Request conflict.'),
+        410: ('Gone',
+              'URI no longer exists and has been permanently removed.'),
+        411: ('Length Required', 'Client must specify Content-Length.'),
+        412: ('Precondition Failed', 'Precondition in headers is false.'),
+        413: ('Request Entity Too Large', 'Entity is too large.'),
+        414: ('Request-URI Too Long', 'URI is too long.'),
+        415: ('Unsupported Media Type', 'Entity body in unsupported format.'),
+        416: ('Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
+              'Cannot satisfy request range.'),
+        417: ('Expectation Failed',
+              'Expect condition could not be satisfied.'),
+        428: ('Precondition Required',
+              'The origin server requires the request to be conditional.'),
+        429: ('Too Many Requests', 'The user has sent too many requests '
+              'in a given amount of time ("rate limiting").'),
+        431: ('Request Header Fields Too Large', 'The server is unwilling to '
+              'process the request because its header fields are too large.'),
+
+        500: ('Internal Server Error', 'Server got itself in trouble'),
+        501: ('Not Implemented',
+              'Server does not support this operation'),
+        502: ('Bad Gateway', 'Invalid responses from another server/proxy.'),
+        503: ('Service Unavailable',
+              'The server cannot process the request due to a high load'),
+        504: ('Gateway Timeout',
+              'The gateway server did not receive a timely response'),
+        505: ('HTTP Version Not Supported', 'Cannot fulfill request.'),
+        511: ('Network Authentication Required',
+              'The client needs to authenticate to gain network access.'),
+        }
+
+
+class SimpleHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+
+    """Simple HTTP request handler with GET and HEAD commands.
+
+    This serves files from the current directory and any of its
+    subdirectories.  The MIME type for files is determined by
+    calling the .guess_type() method.
+
+    The GET and HEAD requests are identical except that the HEAD
+    request omits the actual contents of the file.
+
+    """
+
+    server_version = "SimpleHTTP/" + __version__
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        """Serve a GET request."""
+        f = self.send_head()
+        if f:
+            self.copyfile(f, self.wfile)
+            f.close()
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        """Serve a HEAD request."""
+        f = self.send_head()
+        if f:
+            f.close()
+
+    def send_head(self):
+        """Common code for GET and HEAD commands.
+
+        This sends the response code and MIME headers.
+
+        Return value is either a file object (which has to be copied
+        to the outputfile by the caller unless the command was HEAD,
+        and must be closed by the caller under all circumstances), or
+        None, in which case the caller has nothing further to do.
+
+        """
+        path = self.translate_path(self.path)
+        f = None
+        if os.path.isdir(path):
+            if not self.path.endswith('/'):
+                # redirect browser - doing basically what apache does
+                self.send_response(301)
+                self.send_header("Location", self.path + "/")
+                self.end_headers()
+                return None
+            for index in "index.html", "index.htm":
+                index = os.path.join(path, index)
+                if os.path.exists(index):
+                    path = index
+                    break
+            else:
+                return self.list_directory(path)
+        ctype = self.guess_type(path)
+        try:
+            f = open(path, 'rb')
+        except IOError:
+            self.send_error(404, "File not found")
+            return None
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header("Content-type", ctype)
+        fs = os.fstat(f.fileno())
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(fs[6]))
+        self.send_header("Last-Modified", self.date_time_string(fs.st_mtime))
+        self.end_headers()
+        return f
+
+    def list_directory(self, path):
+        """Helper to produce a directory listing (absent index.html).
+
+        Return value is either a file object, or None (indicating an
+        error).  In either case, the headers are sent, making the
+        interface the same as for send_head().
+
+        """
+        try:
+            list = os.listdir(path)
+        except os.error:
+            self.send_error(404, "No permission to list directory")
+            return None
+        list.sort(key=lambda a: a.lower())
+        r = []
+        displaypath = html.escape(urllib_parse.unquote(self.path))
+        enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+        title = 'Directory listing for %s' % displaypath
+        r.append('<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">')
+        r.append('<html>\n<head>')
+        r.append('<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" '
+                 'content="text/html; charset=%s">' % enc)
+        r.append('<title>%s</title>\n</head>' % title)
+        r.append('<body>\n<h1>%s</h1>' % title)
+        r.append('<hr>\n<ul>')
+        for name in list:
+            fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
+            displayname = linkname = name
+            # Append / for directories or @ for symbolic links
+            if os.path.isdir(fullname):
+                displayname = name + "/"
+                linkname = name + "/"
+            if os.path.islink(fullname):
+                displayname = name + "@"
+                # Note: a link to a directory displays with @ and links with /
+            r.append('<li><a href="%s">%s</a></li>'
+                    % (urllib_parse.quote(linkname), html.escape(displayname)))
+            # # Use this instead:
+            # r.append('<li><a href="%s">%s</a></li>'
+            #         % (urllib.quote(linkname), cgi.escape(displayname)))
+        r.append('</ul>\n<hr>\n</body>\n</html>\n')
+        encoded = '\n'.join(r).encode(enc)
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        f.write(encoded)
+        f.seek(0)
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html; charset=%s" % enc)
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(encoded)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        return f
+
+    def translate_path(self, path):
+        """Translate a /-separated PATH to the local filename syntax.
+
+        Components that mean special things to the local file system
+        (e.g. drive or directory names) are ignored.  (XXX They should
+        probably be diagnosed.)
+
+        """
+        # abandon query parameters
+        path = path.split('?',1)[0]
+        path = path.split('#',1)[0]
+        path = posixpath.normpath(urllib_parse.unquote(path))
+        words = path.split('/')
+        words = filter(None, words)
+        path = os.getcwd()
+        for word in words:
+            drive, word = os.path.splitdrive(word)
+            head, word = os.path.split(word)
+            if word in (os.curdir, os.pardir): continue
+            path = os.path.join(path, word)
+        return path
+
+    def copyfile(self, source, outputfile):
+        """Copy all data between two file objects.
+
+        The SOURCE argument is a file object open for reading
+        (or anything with a read() method) and the DESTINATION
+        argument is a file object open for writing (or
+        anything with a write() method).
+
+        The only reason for overriding this would be to change
+        the block size or perhaps to replace newlines by CRLF
+        -- note however that this the default server uses this
+        to copy binary data as well.
+
+        """
+        shutil.copyfileobj(source, outputfile)
+
+    def guess_type(self, path):
+        """Guess the type of a file.
+
+        Argument is a PATH (a filename).
+
+        Return value is a string of the form type/subtype,
+        usable for a MIME Content-type header.
+
+        The default implementation looks the file's extension
+        up in the table self.extensions_map, using application/octet-stream
+        as a default; however it would be permissible (if
+        slow) to look inside the data to make a better guess.
+
+        """
+
+        base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
+        if ext in self.extensions_map:
+            return self.extensions_map[ext]
+        ext = ext.lower()
+        if ext in self.extensions_map:
+            return self.extensions_map[ext]
+        else:
+            return self.extensions_map['']
+
+    if not mimetypes.inited:
+        mimetypes.init() # try to read system mime.types
+    extensions_map = mimetypes.types_map.copy()
+    extensions_map.update({
+        '': 'application/octet-stream', # Default
+        '.py': 'text/plain',
+        '.c': 'text/plain',
+        '.h': 'text/plain',
+        })
+
+
+# Utilities for CGIHTTPRequestHandler
+
+def _url_collapse_path(path):
+    """
+    Given a URL path, remove extra '/'s and '.' path elements and collapse
+    any '..' references and returns a colllapsed path.
+
+    Implements something akin to RFC-2396 5.2 step 6 to parse relative paths.
+    The utility of this function is limited to is_cgi method and helps
+    preventing some security attacks.
+
+    Returns: A tuple of (head, tail) where tail is everything after the final /
+    and head is everything before it.  Head will always start with a '/' and,
+    if it contains anything else, never have a trailing '/'.
+
+    Raises: IndexError if too many '..' occur within the path.
+
+    """
+    # Similar to os.path.split(os.path.normpath(path)) but specific to URL
+    # path semantics rather than local operating system semantics.
+    path_parts = path.split('/')
+    head_parts = []
+    for part in path_parts[:-1]:
+        if part == '..':
+            head_parts.pop() # IndexError if more '..' than prior parts
+        elif part and part != '.':
+            head_parts.append( part )
+    if path_parts:
+        tail_part = path_parts.pop()
+        if tail_part:
+            if tail_part == '..':
+                head_parts.pop()
+                tail_part = ''
+            elif tail_part == '.':
+                tail_part = ''
+    else:
+        tail_part = ''
+
+    splitpath = ('/' + '/'.join(head_parts), tail_part)
+    collapsed_path = "/".join(splitpath)
+
+    return collapsed_path
+
+
+
+nobody = None
+
+def nobody_uid():
+    """Internal routine to get nobody's uid"""
+    global nobody
+    if nobody:
+        return nobody
+    try:
+        import pwd
+    except ImportError:
+        return -1
+    try:
+        nobody = pwd.getpwnam('nobody')[2]
+    except KeyError:
+        nobody = 1 + max(x[2] for x in pwd.getpwall())
+    return nobody
+
+
+def executable(path):
+    """Test for executable file."""
+    return os.access(path, os.X_OK)
+
+
+class CGIHTTPRequestHandler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
+
+    """Complete HTTP server with GET, HEAD and POST commands.
+
+    GET and HEAD also support running CGI scripts.
+
+    The POST command is *only* implemented for CGI scripts.
+
+    """
+
+    # Determine platform specifics
+    have_fork = hasattr(os, 'fork')
+
+    # Make rfile unbuffered -- we need to read one line and then pass
+    # the rest to a subprocess, so we can't use buffered input.
+    rbufsize = 0
+
+    def do_POST(self):
+        """Serve a POST request.
+
+        This is only implemented for CGI scripts.
+
+        """
+
+        if self.is_cgi():
+            self.run_cgi()
+        else:
+            self.send_error(501, "Can only POST to CGI scripts")
+
+    def send_head(self):
+        """Version of send_head that support CGI scripts"""
+        if self.is_cgi():
+            return self.run_cgi()
+        else:
+            return SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.send_head(self)
+
+    def is_cgi(self):
+        """Test whether self.path corresponds to a CGI script.
+
+        Returns True and updates the cgi_info attribute to the tuple
+        (dir, rest) if self.path requires running a CGI script.
+        Returns False otherwise.
+
+        If any exception is raised, the caller should assume that
+        self.path was rejected as invalid and act accordingly.
+
+        The default implementation tests whether the normalized url
+        path begins with one of the strings in self.cgi_directories
+        (and the next character is a '/' or the end of the string).
+
+        """
+        collapsed_path = _url_collapse_path(self.path)
+        dir_sep = collapsed_path.find('/', 1)
+        head, tail = collapsed_path[:dir_sep], collapsed_path[dir_sep+1:]
+        if head in self.cgi_directories:
+            self.cgi_info = head, tail
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+    cgi_directories = ['/cgi-bin', '/htbin']
+
+    def is_executable(self, path):
+        """Test whether argument path is an executable file."""
+        return executable(path)
+
+    def is_python(self, path):
+        """Test whether argument path is a Python script."""
+        head, tail = os.path.splitext(path)
+        return tail.lower() in (".py", ".pyw")
+
+    def run_cgi(self):
+        """Execute a CGI script."""
+        path = self.path
+        dir, rest = self.cgi_info
+
+        i = path.find('/', len(dir) + 1)
+        while i >= 0:
+            nextdir = path[:i]
+            nextrest = path[i+1:]
+
+            scriptdir = self.translate_path(nextdir)
+            if os.path.isdir(scriptdir):
+                dir, rest = nextdir, nextrest
+                i = path.find('/', len(dir) + 1)
+            else:
+                break
+
+        # find an explicit query string, if present.
+        i = rest.rfind('?')
+        if i >= 0:
+            rest, query = rest[:i], rest[i+1:]
+        else:
+            query = ''
+
+        # dissect the part after the directory name into a script name &
+        # a possible additional path, to be stored in PATH_INFO.
+        i = rest.find('/')
+        if i >= 0:
+            script, rest = rest[:i], rest[i:]
+        else:
+            script, rest = rest, ''
+
+        scriptname = dir + '/' + script
+        scriptfile = self.translate_path(scriptname)
+        if not os.path.exists(scriptfile):
+            self.send_error(404, "No such CGI script (%r)" % scriptname)
+            return
+        if not os.path.isfile(scriptfile):
+            self.send_error(403, "CGI script is not a plain file (%r)" %
+                            scriptname)
+            return
+        ispy = self.is_python(scriptname)
+        if self.have_fork or not ispy:
+            if not self.is_executable(scriptfile):
+                self.send_error(403, "CGI script is not executable (%r)" %
+                                scriptname)
+                return
+
+        # Reference: http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html
+        # XXX Much of the following could be prepared ahead of time!
+        env = copy.deepcopy(os.environ)
+        env['SERVER_SOFTWARE'] = self.version_string()
+        env['SERVER_NAME'] = self.server.server_name
+        env['GATEWAY_INTERFACE'] = 'CGI/1.1'
+        env['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = self.protocol_version
+        env['SERVER_PORT'] = str(self.server.server_port)
+        env['REQUEST_METHOD'] = self.command
+        uqrest = urllib_parse.unquote(rest)
+        env['PATH_INFO'] = uqrest
+        env['PATH_TRANSLATED'] = self.translate_path(uqrest)
+        env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = scriptname
+        if query:
+            env['QUERY_STRING'] = query
+        env['REMOTE_ADDR'] = self.client_address[0]
+        authorization = self.headers.get("authorization")
+        if authorization:
+            authorization = authorization.split()
+            if len(authorization) == 2:
+                import base64, binascii
+                env['AUTH_TYPE'] = authorization[0]
+                if authorization[0].lower() == "basic":
+                    try:
+                        authorization = authorization[1].encode('ascii')
+                        if utils.PY3:
+                            # In Py3.3, was:
+                            authorization = base64.decodebytes(authorization).\
+                                            decode('ascii')
+                        else:
+                            # Backport to Py2.7:
+                            authorization = base64.decodestring(authorization).\
+                                            decode('ascii')
+                    except (binascii.Error, UnicodeError):
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        authorization = authorization.split(':')
+                        if len(authorization) == 2:
+                            env['REMOTE_USER'] = authorization[0]
+        # XXX REMOTE_IDENT
+        if self.headers.get('content-type') is None:
+            env['CONTENT_TYPE'] = self.headers.get_content_type()
+        else:
+            env['CONTENT_TYPE'] = self.headers['content-type']
+        length = self.headers.get('content-length')
+        if length:
+            env['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = length
+        referer = self.headers.get('referer')
+        if referer:
+            env['HTTP_REFERER'] = referer
+        accept = []
+        for line in self.headers.getallmatchingheaders('accept'):
+            if line[:1] in "\t\n\r ":
+                accept.append(line.strip())
+            else:
+                accept = accept + line[7:].split(',')
+        env['HTTP_ACCEPT'] = ','.join(accept)
+        ua = self.headers.get('user-agent')
+        if ua:
+            env['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = ua
+        co = filter(None, self.headers.get_all('cookie', []))
+        cookie_str = ', '.join(co)
+        if cookie_str:
+            env['HTTP_COOKIE'] = cookie_str
+        # XXX Other HTTP_* headers
+        # Since we're setting the env in the parent, provide empty
+        # values to override previously set values
+        for k in ('QUERY_STRING', 'REMOTE_HOST', 'CONTENT_LENGTH',
+                  'HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'HTTP_COOKIE', 'HTTP_REFERER'):
+            env.setdefault(k, "")
+
+        self.send_response(200, "Script output follows")
+        self.flush_headers()
+
+        decoded_query = query.replace('+', ' ')
+
+        if self.have_fork:
+            # Unix -- fork as we should
+            args = [script]
+            if '=' not in decoded_query:
+                args.append(decoded_query)
+            nobody = nobody_uid()
+            self.wfile.flush() # Always flush before forking
+            pid = os.fork()
+            if pid != 0:
+                # Parent
+                pid, sts = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
+                # throw away additional data [see bug #427345]
+                while select.select([self.rfile], [], [], 0)[0]:
+                    if not self.rfile.read(1):
+                        break
+                if sts:
+                    self.log_error("CGI script exit status %#x", sts)
+                return
+            # Child
+            try:
+                try:
+                    os.setuid(nobody)
+                except os.error:
+                    pass
+                os.dup2(self.rfile.fileno(), 0)
+                os.dup2(self.wfile.fileno(), 1)
+                os.execve(scriptfile, args, env)
+            except:
+                self.server.handle_error(self.request, self.client_address)
+                os._exit(127)
+
+        else:
+            # Non-Unix -- use subprocess
+            import subprocess
+            cmdline = [scriptfile]
+            if self.is_python(scriptfile):
+                interp = sys.executable
+                if interp.lower().endswith("w.exe"):
+                    # On Windows, use python.exe, not pythonw.exe
+                    interp = interp[:-5] + interp[-4:]
+                cmdline = [interp, '-u'] + cmdline
+            if '=' not in query:
+                cmdline.append(query)
+            self.log_message("command: %s", subprocess.list2cmdline(cmdline))
+            try:
+                nbytes = int(length)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                nbytes = 0
+            p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline,
+                                 stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 env = env
+                                 )
+            if self.command.lower() == "post" and nbytes > 0:
+                data = self.rfile.read(nbytes)
+            else:
+                data = None
+            # throw away additional data [see bug #427345]
+            while select.select([self.rfile._sock], [], [], 0)[0]:
+                if not self.rfile._sock.recv(1):
+                    break
+            stdout, stderr = p.communicate(data)
+            self.wfile.write(stdout)
+            if stderr:
+                self.log_error('%s', stderr)
+            p.stderr.close()
+            p.stdout.close()
+            status = p.returncode
+            if status:
+                self.log_error("CGI script exit status %#x", status)
+            else:
+                self.log_message("CGI script exited OK")
+
+
+def test(HandlerClass = BaseHTTPRequestHandler,
+         ServerClass = HTTPServer, protocol="HTTP/1.0", port=8000):
+    """Test the HTTP request handler class.
+
+    This runs an HTTP server on port 8000 (or the first command line
+    argument).
+
+    """
+    server_address = ('', port)
+
+    HandlerClass.protocol_version = protocol
+    httpd = ServerClass(server_address, HandlerClass)
+
+    sa = httpd.socket.getsockname()
+    print("Serving HTTP on", sa[0], "port", sa[1], "...")
+    try:
+        httpd.serve_forever()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nKeyboard interrupt received, exiting.")
+        httpd.server_close()
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--cgi', action='store_true',
+                       help='Run as CGI Server')
+    parser.add_argument('port', action='store',
+                        default=8000, type=int,
+                        nargs='?',
+                        help='Specify alternate port [default: 8000]')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.cgi:
+        test(HandlerClass=CGIHTTPRequestHandler, port=args.port)
+    else:
+        test(HandlerClass=SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, port=args.port)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/misc.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..098a066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,944 @@
+"""
+Miscellaneous function (re)definitions from the Py3.4+ standard library
+for Python 2.6/2.7.
+
+- math.ceil                (for Python 2.7)
+- collections.OrderedDict  (for Python 2.6)
+- collections.Counter      (for Python 2.6)
+- collections.ChainMap     (for all versions prior to Python 3.3)
+- itertools.count          (for Python 2.6, with step parameter)
+- subprocess.check_output  (for Python 2.6)
+- reprlib.recursive_repr   (for Python 2.6+)
+- functools.cmp_to_key     (for Python 2.6)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+import subprocess
+from math import ceil as oldceil
+
+from operator import itemgetter as _itemgetter, eq as _eq
+import sys
+import heapq as _heapq
+from _weakref import proxy as _proxy
+from itertools import repeat as _repeat, chain as _chain, starmap as _starmap
+from socket import getaddrinfo, SOCK_STREAM, error, socket
+
+from future.utils import iteritems, itervalues, PY2, PY26, PY3
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
+
+
+def ceil(x):
+    """
+    Return the ceiling of x as an int.
+    This is the smallest integral value >= x.
+    """
+    return int(oldceil(x))
+
+
+########################################################################
+###  reprlib.recursive_repr decorator from Py3.4
+########################################################################
+
+from itertools import islice
+
+if PY3:
+    try:
+        from _thread import get_ident
+    except ImportError:
+        from _dummy_thread import get_ident
+else:
+    try:
+        from thread import get_ident
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_thread import get_ident
+
+
+def recursive_repr(fillvalue='...'):
+    'Decorator to make a repr function return fillvalue for a recursive call'
+
+    def decorating_function(user_function):
+        repr_running = set()
+
+        def wrapper(self):
+            key = id(self), get_ident()
+            if key in repr_running:
+                return fillvalue
+            repr_running.add(key)
+            try:
+                result = user_function(self)
+            finally:
+                repr_running.discard(key)
+            return result
+
+        # Can't use functools.wraps() here because of bootstrap issues
+        wrapper.__module__ = getattr(user_function, '__module__')
+        wrapper.__doc__ = getattr(user_function, '__doc__')
+        wrapper.__name__ = getattr(user_function, '__name__')
+        wrapper.__annotations__ = getattr(user_function, '__annotations__', {})
+        return wrapper
+
+    return decorating_function
+
+
+################################################################################
+### OrderedDict
+################################################################################
+
+class _Link(object):
+    __slots__ = 'prev', 'next', 'key', '__weakref__'
+
+class OrderedDict(dict):
+    'Dictionary that remembers insertion order'
+    # An inherited dict maps keys to values.
+    # The inherited dict provides __getitem__, __len__, __contains__, and get.
+    # The remaining methods are order-aware.
+    # Big-O running times for all methods are the same as regular dictionaries.
+
+    # The internal self.__map dict maps keys to links in a doubly linked list.
+    # The circular doubly linked list starts and ends with a sentinel element.
+    # The sentinel element never gets deleted (this simplifies the algorithm).
+    # The sentinel is in self.__hardroot with a weakref proxy in self.__root.
+    # The prev links are weakref proxies (to prevent circular references).
+    # Individual links are kept alive by the hard reference in self.__map.
+    # Those hard references disappear when a key is deleted from an OrderedDict.
+
+    def __init__(*args, **kwds):
+        '''Initialize an ordered dictionary.  The signature is the same as
+        regular dictionaries, but keyword arguments are not recommended because
+        their insertion order is arbitrary.
+
+        '''
+        if not args:
+            raise TypeError("descriptor '__init__' of 'OrderedDict' object "
+                            "needs an argument")
+        self = args[0]
+        args = args[1:]
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
+        try:
+            self.__root
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.__hardroot = _Link()
+            self.__root = root = _proxy(self.__hardroot)
+            root.prev = root.next = root
+            self.__map = {}
+        self.__update(*args, **kwds)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value,
+                    dict_setitem=dict.__setitem__, proxy=_proxy, Link=_Link):
+        'od.__setitem__(i, y) <==> od[i]=y'
+        # Setting a new item creates a new link at the end of the linked list,
+        # and the inherited dictionary is updated with the new key/value pair.
+        if key not in self:
+            self.__map[key] = link = Link()
+            root = self.__root
+            last = root.prev
+            link.prev, link.next, link.key = last, root, key
+            last.next = link
+            root.prev = proxy(link)
+        dict_setitem(self, key, value)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key, dict_delitem=dict.__delitem__):
+        'od.__delitem__(y) <==> del od[y]'
+        # Deleting an existing item uses self.__map to find the link which gets
+        # removed by updating the links in the predecessor and successor nodes.
+        dict_delitem(self, key)
+        link = self.__map.pop(key)
+        link_prev = link.prev
+        link_next = link.next
+        link_prev.next = link_next
+        link_next.prev = link_prev
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        'od.__iter__() <==> iter(od)'
+        # Traverse the linked list in order.
+        root = self.__root
+        curr = root.next
+        while curr is not root:
+            yield curr.key
+            curr = curr.next
+
+    def __reversed__(self):
+        'od.__reversed__() <==> reversed(od)'
+        # Traverse the linked list in reverse order.
+        root = self.__root
+        curr = root.prev
+        while curr is not root:
+            yield curr.key
+            curr = curr.prev
+
+    def clear(self):
+        'od.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from od.'
+        root = self.__root
+        root.prev = root.next = root
+        self.__map.clear()
+        dict.clear(self)
+
+    def popitem(self, last=True):
+        '''od.popitem() -> (k, v), return and remove a (key, value) pair.
+        Pairs are returned in LIFO order if last is true or FIFO order if false.
+
+        '''
+        if not self:
+            raise KeyError('dictionary is empty')
+        root = self.__root
+        if last:
+            link = root.prev
+            link_prev = link.prev
+            link_prev.next = root
+            root.prev = link_prev
+        else:
+            link = root.next
+            link_next = link.next
+            root.next = link_next
+            link_next.prev = root
+        key = link.key
+        del self.__map[key]
+        value = dict.pop(self, key)
+        return key, value
+
+    def move_to_end(self, key, last=True):
+        '''Move an existing element to the end (or beginning if last==False).
+
+        Raises KeyError if the element does not exist.
+        When last=True, acts like a fast version of self[key]=self.pop(key).
+
+        '''
+        link = self.__map[key]
+        link_prev = link.prev
+        link_next = link.next
+        link_prev.next = link_next
+        link_next.prev = link_prev
+        root = self.__root
+        if last:
+            last = root.prev
+            link.prev = last
+            link.next = root
+            last.next = root.prev = link
+        else:
+            first = root.next
+            link.prev = root
+            link.next = first
+            root.next = first.prev = link
+
+    def __sizeof__(self):
+        sizeof = sys.getsizeof
+        n = len(self) + 1                       # number of links including root
+        size = sizeof(self.__dict__)            # instance dictionary
+        size += sizeof(self.__map) * 2          # internal dict and inherited dict
+        size += sizeof(self.__hardroot) * n     # link objects
+        size += sizeof(self.__root) * n         # proxy objects
+        return size
+
+    update = __update = MutableMapping.update
+    keys = MutableMapping.keys
+    values = MutableMapping.values
+    items = MutableMapping.items
+    __ne__ = MutableMapping.__ne__
+
+    __marker = object()
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
+        '''od.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding
+        value.  If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError
+        is raised.
+
+        '''
+        if key in self:
+            result = self[key]
+            del self[key]
+            return result
+        if default is self.__marker:
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        return default
+
+    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
+        'od.setdefault(k[,d]) -> od.get(k,d), also set od[k]=d if k not in od'
+        if key in self:
+            return self[key]
+        self[key] = default
+        return default
+
+    @recursive_repr()
+    def __repr__(self):
+        'od.__repr__() <==> repr(od)'
+        if not self:
+            return '%s()' % (self.__class__.__name__,)
+        return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, list(self.items()))
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        'Return state information for pickling'
+        inst_dict = vars(self).copy()
+        for k in vars(OrderedDict()):
+            inst_dict.pop(k, None)
+        return self.__class__, (), inst_dict or None, None, iter(self.items())
+
+    def copy(self):
+        'od.copy() -> a shallow copy of od'
+        return self.__class__(self)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
+        '''OD.fromkeys(S[, v]) -> New ordered dictionary with keys from S.
+        If not specified, the value defaults to None.
+
+        '''
+        self = cls()
+        for key in iterable:
+            self[key] = value
+        return self
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        '''od.__eq__(y) <==> od==y.  Comparison to another OD is order-sensitive
+        while comparison to a regular mapping is order-insensitive.
+
+        '''
+        if isinstance(other, OrderedDict):
+            return dict.__eq__(self, other) and all(map(_eq, self, other))
+        return dict.__eq__(self, other)
+
+
+# {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576611/ (r11)
+
+try:
+    from operator import itemgetter
+    from heapq import nlargest
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+########################################################################
+###  Counter
+########################################################################
+
+def _count_elements(mapping, iterable):
+    'Tally elements from the iterable.'
+    mapping_get = mapping.get
+    for elem in iterable:
+        mapping[elem] = mapping_get(elem, 0) + 1
+
+class Counter(dict):
+    '''Dict subclass for counting hashable items.  Sometimes called a bag
+    or multiset.  Elements are stored as dictionary keys and their counts
+    are stored as dictionary values.
+
+    >>> c = Counter('abcdeabcdabcaba')  # count elements from a string
+
+    >>> c.most_common(3)                # three most common elements
+    [('a', 5), ('b', 4), ('c', 3)]
+    >>> sorted(c)                       # list all unique elements
+    ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
+    >>> ''.join(sorted(c.elements()))   # list elements with repetitions
+    'aaaaabbbbcccdde'
+    >>> sum(c.values())                 # total of all counts
+    15
+
+    >>> c['a']                          # count of letter 'a'
+    5
+    >>> for elem in 'shazam':           # update counts from an iterable
+    ...     c[elem] += 1                # by adding 1 to each element's count
+    >>> c['a']                          # now there are seven 'a'
+    7
+    >>> del c['b']                      # remove all 'b'
+    >>> c['b']                          # now there are zero 'b'
+    0
+
+    >>> d = Counter('simsalabim')       # make another counter
+    >>> c.update(d)                     # add in the second counter
+    >>> c['a']                          # now there are nine 'a'
+    9
+
+    >>> c.clear()                       # empty the counter
+    >>> c
+    Counter()
+
+    Note:  If a count is set to zero or reduced to zero, it will remain
+    in the counter until the entry is deleted or the counter is cleared:
+
+    >>> c = Counter('aaabbc')
+    >>> c['b'] -= 2                     # reduce the count of 'b' by two
+    >>> c.most_common()                 # 'b' is still in, but its count is zero
+    [('a', 3), ('c', 1), ('b', 0)]
+
+    '''
+    # References:
+    #   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset
+    #   http://www.gnu.org/software/smalltalk/manual-base/html_node/Bag.html
+    #   http://www.demo2s.com/Tutorial/Cpp/0380__set-multiset/Catalog0380__set-multiset.htm
+    #   http://code.activestate.com/recipes/259174/
+    #   Knuth, TAOCP Vol. II section 4.6.3
+
+    def __init__(*args, **kwds):
+        '''Create a new, empty Counter object.  And if given, count elements
+        from an input iterable.  Or, initialize the count from another mapping
+        of elements to their counts.
+
+        >>> c = Counter()                           # a new, empty counter
+        >>> c = Counter('gallahad')                 # a new counter from an iterable
+        >>> c = Counter({'a': 4, 'b': 2})           # a new counter from a mapping
+        >>> c = Counter(a=4, b=2)                   # a new counter from keyword args
+
+        '''
+        if not args:
+            raise TypeError("descriptor '__init__' of 'Counter' object "
+                            "needs an argument")
+        self = args[0]
+        args = args[1:]
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
+        super(Counter, self).__init__()
+        self.update(*args, **kwds)
+
+    def __missing__(self, key):
+        'The count of elements not in the Counter is zero.'
+        # Needed so that self[missing_item] does not raise KeyError
+        return 0
+
+    def most_common(self, n=None):
+        '''List the n most common elements and their counts from the most
+        common to the least.  If n is None, then list all element counts.
+
+        >>> Counter('abcdeabcdabcaba').most_common(3)
+        [('a', 5), ('b', 4), ('c', 3)]
+
+        '''
+        # Emulate Bag.sortedByCount from Smalltalk
+        if n is None:
+            return sorted(self.items(), key=_itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
+        return _heapq.nlargest(n, self.items(), key=_itemgetter(1))
+
+    def elements(self):
+        '''Iterator over elements repeating each as many times as its count.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('ABCABC')
+        >>> sorted(c.elements())
+        ['A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C']
+
+        # Knuth's example for prime factors of 1836:  2**2 * 3**3 * 17**1
+        >>> prime_factors = Counter({2: 2, 3: 3, 17: 1})
+        >>> product = 1
+        >>> for factor in prime_factors.elements():     # loop over factors
+        ...     product *= factor                       # and multiply them
+        >>> product
+        1836
+
+        Note, if an element's count has been set to zero or is a negative
+        number, elements() will ignore it.
+
+        '''
+        # Emulate Bag.do from Smalltalk and Multiset.begin from C++.
+        return _chain.from_iterable(_starmap(_repeat, self.items()))
+
+    # Override dict methods where necessary
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, v=None):
+        # There is no equivalent method for counters because setting v=1
+        # means that no element can have a count greater than one.
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            'Counter.fromkeys() is undefined.  Use Counter(iterable) instead.')
+
+    def update(*args, **kwds):
+        '''Like dict.update() but add counts instead of replacing them.
+
+        Source can be an iterable, a dictionary, or another Counter instance.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('which')
+        >>> c.update('witch')           # add elements from another iterable
+        >>> d = Counter('watch')
+        >>> c.update(d)                 # add elements from another counter
+        >>> c['h']                      # four 'h' in which, witch, and watch
+        4
+
+        '''
+        # The regular dict.update() operation makes no sense here because the
+        # replace behavior results in the some of original untouched counts
+        # being mixed-in with all of the other counts for a mismash that
+        # doesn't have a straight-forward interpretation in most counting
+        # contexts.  Instead, we implement straight-addition.  Both the inputs
+        # and outputs are allowed to contain zero and negative counts.
+
+        if not args:
+            raise TypeError("descriptor 'update' of 'Counter' object "
+                            "needs an argument")
+        self = args[0]
+        args = args[1:]
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
+        iterable = args[0] if args else None
+        if iterable is not None:
+            if isinstance(iterable, Mapping):
+                if self:
+                    self_get = self.get
+                    for elem, count in iterable.items():
+                        self[elem] = count + self_get(elem, 0)
+                else:
+                    super(Counter, self).update(iterable) # fast path when counter is empty
+            else:
+                _count_elements(self, iterable)
+        if kwds:
+            self.update(kwds)
+
+    def subtract(*args, **kwds):
+        '''Like dict.update() but subtracts counts instead of replacing them.
+        Counts can be reduced below zero.  Both the inputs and outputs are
+        allowed to contain zero and negative counts.
+
+        Source can be an iterable, a dictionary, or another Counter instance.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('which')
+        >>> c.subtract('witch')             # subtract elements from another iterable
+        >>> c.subtract(Counter('watch'))    # subtract elements from another counter
+        >>> c['h']                          # 2 in which, minus 1 in witch, minus 1 in watch
+        0
+        >>> c['w']                          # 1 in which, minus 1 in witch, minus 1 in watch
+        -1
+
+        '''
+        if not args:
+            raise TypeError("descriptor 'subtract' of 'Counter' object "
+                            "needs an argument")
+        self = args[0]
+        args = args[1:]
+        if len(args) > 1:
+            raise TypeError('expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' % len(args))
+        iterable = args[0] if args else None
+        if iterable is not None:
+            self_get = self.get
+            if isinstance(iterable, Mapping):
+                for elem, count in iterable.items():
+                    self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) - count
+            else:
+                for elem in iterable:
+                    self[elem] = self_get(elem, 0) - 1
+        if kwds:
+            self.subtract(kwds)
+
+    def copy(self):
+        'Return a shallow copy.'
+        return self.__class__(self)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return self.__class__, (dict(self),)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, elem):
+        'Like dict.__delitem__() but does not raise KeyError for missing values.'
+        if elem in self:
+            super(Counter, self).__delitem__(elem)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if not self:
+            return '%s()' % self.__class__.__name__
+        try:
+            items = ', '.join(map('%r: %r'.__mod__, self.most_common()))
+            return '%s({%s})' % (self.__class__.__name__, items)
+        except TypeError:
+            # handle case where values are not orderable
+            return '{0}({1!r})'.format(self.__class__.__name__, dict(self))
+
+    # Multiset-style mathematical operations discussed in:
+    #       Knuth TAOCP Volume II section 4.6.3 exercise 19
+    #       and at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset
+    #
+    # Outputs guaranteed to only include positive counts.
+    #
+    # To strip negative and zero counts, add-in an empty counter:
+    #       c += Counter()
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        '''Add counts from two counters.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbb') + Counter('bcc')
+        Counter({'b': 4, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        result = Counter()
+        for elem, count in self.items():
+            newcount = count + other[elem]
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        for elem, count in other.items():
+            if elem not in self and count > 0:
+                result[elem] = count
+        return result
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        ''' Subtract count, but keep only results with positive counts.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbbc') - Counter('bccd')
+        Counter({'b': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        result = Counter()
+        for elem, count in self.items():
+            newcount = count - other[elem]
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        for elem, count in other.items():
+            if elem not in self and count < 0:
+                result[elem] = 0 - count
+        return result
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        '''Union is the maximum of value in either of the input counters.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbb') | Counter('bcc')
+        Counter({'b': 3, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        result = Counter()
+        for elem, count in self.items():
+            other_count = other[elem]
+            newcount = other_count if count < other_count else count
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        for elem, count in other.items():
+            if elem not in self and count > 0:
+                result[elem] = count
+        return result
+
+    def __and__(self, other):
+        ''' Intersection is the minimum of corresponding counts.
+
+        >>> Counter('abbb') & Counter('bcc')
+        Counter({'b': 1})
+
+        '''
+        if not isinstance(other, Counter):
+            return NotImplemented
+        result = Counter()
+        for elem, count in self.items():
+            other_count = other[elem]
+            newcount = count if count < other_count else other_count
+            if newcount > 0:
+                result[elem] = newcount
+        return result
+
+    def __pos__(self):
+        'Adds an empty counter, effectively stripping negative and zero counts'
+        return self + Counter()
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        '''Subtracts from an empty counter.  Strips positive and zero counts,
+        and flips the sign on negative counts.
+
+        '''
+        return Counter() - self
+
+    def _keep_positive(self):
+        '''Internal method to strip elements with a negative or zero count'''
+        nonpositive = [elem for elem, count in self.items() if not count > 0]
+        for elem in nonpositive:
+            del self[elem]
+        return self
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other):
+        '''Inplace add from another counter, keeping only positive counts.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('abbb')
+        >>> c += Counter('bcc')
+        >>> c
+        Counter({'b': 4, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        for elem, count in other.items():
+            self[elem] += count
+        return self._keep_positive()
+
+    def __isub__(self, other):
+        '''Inplace subtract counter, but keep only results with positive counts.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('abbbc')
+        >>> c -= Counter('bccd')
+        >>> c
+        Counter({'b': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        for elem, count in other.items():
+            self[elem] -= count
+        return self._keep_positive()
+
+    def __ior__(self, other):
+        '''Inplace union is the maximum of value from either counter.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('abbb')
+        >>> c |= Counter('bcc')
+        >>> c
+        Counter({'b': 3, 'c': 2, 'a': 1})
+
+        '''
+        for elem, other_count in other.items():
+            count = self[elem]
+            if other_count > count:
+                self[elem] = other_count
+        return self._keep_positive()
+
+    def __iand__(self, other):
+        '''Inplace intersection is the minimum of corresponding counts.
+
+        >>> c = Counter('abbb')
+        >>> c &= Counter('bcc')
+        >>> c
+        Counter({'b': 1})
+
+        '''
+        for elem, count in self.items():
+            other_count = other[elem]
+            if other_count < count:
+                self[elem] = other_count
+        return self._keep_positive()
+
+
+def check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
+    """
+    For Python 2.6 compatibility: see
+    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4814970/
+    """
+
+    if 'stdout' in kwargs:
+        raise ValueError('stdout argument not allowed, it will be overridden.')
+    process = subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, *popenargs, **kwargs)
+    output, unused_err = process.communicate()
+    retcode = process.poll()
+    if retcode:
+        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
+        if cmd is None:
+            cmd = popenargs[0]
+        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
+    return output
+
+
+def count(start=0, step=1):
+    """
+    ``itertools.count`` in Py 2.6 doesn't accept a step
+    parameter. This is an enhanced version of ``itertools.count``
+    for Py2.6 equivalent to ``itertools.count`` in Python 2.7+.
+    """
+    while True:
+        yield start
+        start += step
+
+
+########################################################################
+###  ChainMap (helper for configparser and string.Template)
+###  From the Py3.4 source code. See also:
+###    https://github.com/kkxue/Py2ChainMap/blob/master/py2chainmap.py
+########################################################################
+
+class ChainMap(MutableMapping):
+    ''' A ChainMap groups multiple dicts (or other mappings) together
+    to create a single, updateable view.
+
+    The underlying mappings are stored in a list.  That list is public and can
+    accessed or updated using the *maps* attribute.  There is no other state.
+
+    Lookups search the underlying mappings successively until a key is found.
+    In contrast, writes, updates, and deletions only operate on the first
+    mapping.
+
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, *maps):
+        '''Initialize a ChainMap by setting *maps* to the given mappings.
+        If no mappings are provided, a single empty dictionary is used.
+
+        '''
+        self.maps = list(maps) or [{}]          # always at least one map
+
+    def __missing__(self, key):
+        raise KeyError(key)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        for mapping in self.maps:
+            try:
+                return mapping[key]             # can't use 'key in mapping' with defaultdict
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        return self.__missing__(key)            # support subclasses that define __missing__
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+        return self[key] if key in self else default
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(set().union(*self.maps))     # reuses stored hash values if possible
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(set().union(*self.maps))
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return any(key in m for m in self.maps)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return any(self.maps)
+
+    # Py2 compatibility:
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__
+
+    @recursive_repr()
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '{0.__class__.__name__}({1})'.format(
+            self, ', '.join(map(repr, self.maps)))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, *args):
+        'Create a ChainMap with a single dict created from the iterable.'
+        return cls(dict.fromkeys(iterable, *args))
+
+    def copy(self):
+        'New ChainMap or subclass with a new copy of maps[0] and refs to maps[1:]'
+        return self.__class__(self.maps[0].copy(), *self.maps[1:])
+
+    __copy__ = copy
+
+    def new_child(self, m=None):                # like Django's Context.push()
+        '''
+        New ChainMap with a new map followed by all previous maps. If no
+        map is provided, an empty dict is used.
+        '''
+        if m is None:
+            m = {}
+        return self.__class__(m, *self.maps)
+
+    @property
+    def parents(self):                          # like Django's Context.pop()
+        'New ChainMap from maps[1:].'
+        return self.__class__(*self.maps[1:])
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self.maps[0][key] = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        try:
+            del self.maps[0][key]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError('Key not found in the first mapping: {0!r}'.format(key))
+
+    def popitem(self):
+        'Remove and return an item pair from maps[0]. Raise KeyError is maps[0] is empty.'
+        try:
+            return self.maps[0].popitem()
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError('No keys found in the first mapping.')
+
+    def pop(self, key, *args):
+        'Remove *key* from maps[0] and return its value. Raise KeyError if *key* not in maps[0].'
+        try:
+            return self.maps[0].pop(key, *args)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise KeyError('Key not found in the first mapping: {0!r}'.format(key))
+
+    def clear(self):
+        'Clear maps[0], leaving maps[1:] intact.'
+        self.maps[0].clear()
+
+
+# Re-use the same sentinel as in the Python stdlib socket module:
+from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+# Was: _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = object()
+
+
+def create_connection(address, timeout=_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+                      source_address=None):
+    """Backport of 3-argument create_connection() for Py2.6.
+
+    Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
+
+    Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
+    port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
+    *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
+    before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
+    global default timeout setting returned by :func:`getdefaulttimeout`
+    is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
+    for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
+    An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
+    """
+
+    host, port = address
+    err = None
+    for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
+        af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket(af, socktype, proto)
+            if timeout is not _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            if source_address:
+                sock.bind(source_address)
+            sock.connect(sa)
+            return sock
+
+        except error as _:
+            err = _
+            if sock is not None:
+                sock.close()
+
+    if err is not None:
+        raise err
+    else:
+        raise error("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+
+# Backport from Py2.7 for Py2.6:
+def cmp_to_key(mycmp):
+    """Convert a cmp= function into a key= function"""
+    class K(object):
+        __slots__ = ['obj']
+        def __init__(self, obj, *args):
+            self.obj = obj
+        def __lt__(self, other):
+            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) < 0
+        def __gt__(self, other):
+            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) > 0
+        def __eq__(self, other):
+            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) == 0
+        def __le__(self, other):
+            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) <= 0
+        def __ge__(self, other):
+            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) >= 0
+        def __ne__(self, other):
+            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) != 0
+        def __hash__(self):
+            raise TypeError('hash not implemented')
+    return K
+
+# Back up our definitions above in case they're useful
+_OrderedDict = OrderedDict
+_Counter = Counter
+_check_output = check_output
+_count = count
+_ceil = ceil
+__count_elements = _count_elements
+_recursive_repr = recursive_repr
+_ChainMap = ChainMap
+_create_connection = create_connection
+_cmp_to_key = cmp_to_key
+
+# Overwrite the definitions above with the usual ones
+# from the standard library:
+if sys.version_info >= (2, 7):
+    from collections import OrderedDict, Counter
+    from itertools import count
+    from functools import cmp_to_key
+    try:
+        from subprocess import check_output
+    except ImportError:
+        # Not available. This happens with Google App Engine: see issue #231
+        pass
+    from socket import create_connection
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
+    from math import ceil
+    from collections import _count_elements
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+    from reprlib import recursive_repr
+    from collections import ChainMap
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/socket.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/socket.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..930e1da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/socket.py
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+# Wrapper module for _socket, providing some additional facilities
+# implemented in Python.
+
+"""\
+This module provides socket operations and some related functions.
+On Unix, it supports IP (Internet Protocol) and Unix domain sockets.
+On other systems, it only supports IP. Functions specific for a
+socket are available as methods of the socket object.
+
+Functions:
+
+socket() -- create a new socket object
+socketpair() -- create a pair of new socket objects [*]
+fromfd() -- create a socket object from an open file descriptor [*]
+fromshare() -- create a socket object from data received from socket.share() [*]
+gethostname() -- return the current hostname
+gethostbyname() -- map a hostname to its IP number
+gethostbyaddr() -- map an IP number or hostname to DNS info
+getservbyname() -- map a service name and a protocol name to a port number
+getprotobyname() -- map a protocol name (e.g. 'tcp') to a number
+ntohs(), ntohl() -- convert 16, 32 bit int from network to host byte order
+htons(), htonl() -- convert 16, 32 bit int from host to network byte order
+inet_aton() -- convert IP addr string (123.45.67.89) to 32-bit packed format
+inet_ntoa() -- convert 32-bit packed format IP to string (123.45.67.89)
+socket.getdefaulttimeout() -- get the default timeout value
+socket.setdefaulttimeout() -- set the default timeout value
+create_connection() -- connects to an address, with an optional timeout and
+                       optional source address.
+
+ [*] not available on all platforms!
+
+Special objects:
+
+SocketType -- type object for socket objects
+error -- exception raised for I/O errors
+has_ipv6 -- boolean value indicating if IPv6 is supported
+
+Integer constants:
+
+AF_INET, AF_UNIX -- socket domains (first argument to socket() call)
+SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW -- socket types (second argument)
+
+Many other constants may be defined; these may be used in calls to
+the setsockopt() and getsockopt() methods.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import super
+
+import _socket
+from _socket import *
+
+import os, sys, io
+
+try:
+    import errno
+except ImportError:
+    errno = None
+EBADF = getattr(errno, 'EBADF', 9)
+EAGAIN = getattr(errno, 'EAGAIN', 11)
+EWOULDBLOCK = getattr(errno, 'EWOULDBLOCK', 11)
+
+__all__ = ["getfqdn", "create_connection"]
+__all__.extend(os._get_exports_list(_socket))
+
+
+_realsocket = socket
+
+# WSA error codes
+if sys.platform.lower().startswith("win"):
+    errorTab = {}
+    errorTab[10004] = "The operation was interrupted."
+    errorTab[10009] = "A bad file handle was passed."
+    errorTab[10013] = "Permission denied."
+    errorTab[10014] = "A fault occurred on the network??" # WSAEFAULT
+    errorTab[10022] = "An invalid operation was attempted."
+    errorTab[10035] = "The socket operation would block"
+    errorTab[10036] = "A blocking operation is already in progress."
+    errorTab[10048] = "The network address is in use."
+    errorTab[10054] = "The connection has been reset."
+    errorTab[10058] = "The network has been shut down."
+    errorTab[10060] = "The operation timed out."
+    errorTab[10061] = "Connection refused."
+    errorTab[10063] = "The name is too long."
+    errorTab[10064] = "The host is down."
+    errorTab[10065] = "The host is unreachable."
+    __all__.append("errorTab")
+
+
+class socket(_socket.socket):
+
+    """A subclass of _socket.socket adding the makefile() method."""
+
+    __slots__ = ["__weakref__", "_io_refs", "_closed"]
+
+    def __init__(self, family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, fileno=None):
+        if fileno is None:
+            _socket.socket.__init__(self, family, type, proto)
+        else:
+            _socket.socket.__init__(self, family, type, proto, fileno)
+        self._io_refs = 0
+        self._closed = False
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        if not self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Wrap __repr__() to reveal the real class name."""
+        s = _socket.socket.__repr__(self)
+        if s.startswith("<socket object"):
+            s = "<%s.%s%s%s" % (self.__class__.__module__,
+                                self.__class__.__name__,
+                                getattr(self, '_closed', False) and " [closed] " or "",
+                                s[7:])
+        return s
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        raise TypeError("Cannot serialize socket object")
+
+    def dup(self):
+        """dup() -> socket object
+
+        Return a new socket object connected to the same system resource.
+        """
+        fd = dup(self.fileno())
+        sock = self.__class__(self.family, self.type, self.proto, fileno=fd)
+        sock.settimeout(self.gettimeout())
+        return sock
+
+    def accept(self):
+        """accept() -> (socket object, address info)
+
+        Wait for an incoming connection.  Return a new socket
+        representing the connection, and the address of the client.
+        For IP sockets, the address info is a pair (hostaddr, port).
+        """
+        fd, addr = self._accept()
+        sock = socket(self.family, self.type, self.proto, fileno=fd)
+        # Issue #7995: if no default timeout is set and the listening
+        # socket had a (non-zero) timeout, force the new socket in blocking
+        # mode to override platform-specific socket flags inheritance.
+        if getdefaulttimeout() is None and self.gettimeout():
+            sock.setblocking(True)
+        return sock, addr
+
+    def makefile(self, mode="r", buffering=None, **_3to2kwargs):
+        """makefile(...) -> an I/O stream connected to the socket
+
+        The arguments are as for io.open() after the filename,
+        except the only mode characters supported are 'r', 'w' and 'b'.
+        The semantics are similar too.  (XXX refactor to share code?)
+        """
+        if 'newline' in _3to2kwargs: newline = _3to2kwargs['newline']; del _3to2kwargs['newline']
+        else: newline = None
+        if 'errors' in _3to2kwargs: errors = _3to2kwargs['errors']; del _3to2kwargs['errors']
+        else: errors = None
+        if 'encoding' in _3to2kwargs: encoding = _3to2kwargs['encoding']; del _3to2kwargs['encoding']
+        else: encoding = None
+        for c in mode:
+            if c not in ("r", "w", "b"):
+                raise ValueError("invalid mode %r (only r, w, b allowed)")
+        writing = "w" in mode
+        reading = "r" in mode or not writing
+        assert reading or writing
+        binary = "b" in mode
+        rawmode = ""
+        if reading:
+            rawmode += "r"
+        if writing:
+            rawmode += "w"
+        raw = SocketIO(self, rawmode)
+        self._io_refs += 1
+        if buffering is None:
+            buffering = -1
+        if buffering < 0:
+            buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        if buffering == 0:
+            if not binary:
+                raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
+            return raw
+        if reading and writing:
+            buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering)
+        elif reading:
+            buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
+        else:
+            assert writing
+            buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
+        if binary:
+            return buffer
+        text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
+        text.mode = mode
+        return text
+
+    def _decref_socketios(self):
+        if self._io_refs > 0:
+            self._io_refs -= 1
+        if self._closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def _real_close(self, _ss=_socket.socket):
+        # This function should not reference any globals. See issue #808164.
+        _ss.close(self)
+
+    def close(self):
+        # This function should not reference any globals. See issue #808164.
+        self._closed = True
+        if self._io_refs <= 0:
+            self._real_close()
+
+    def detach(self):
+        """detach() -> file descriptor
+
+        Close the socket object without closing the underlying file descriptor.
+        The object cannot be used after this call, but the file descriptor
+        can be reused for other purposes.  The file descriptor is returned.
+        """
+        self._closed = True
+        return super().detach()
+
+def fromfd(fd, family, type, proto=0):
+    """ fromfd(fd, family, type[, proto]) -> socket object
+
+    Create a socket object from a duplicate of the given file
+    descriptor.  The remaining arguments are the same as for socket().
+    """
+    nfd = dup(fd)
+    return socket(family, type, proto, nfd)
+
+if hasattr(_socket.socket, "share"):
+    def fromshare(info):
+        """ fromshare(info) -> socket object
+
+        Create a socket object from a the bytes object returned by
+        socket.share(pid).
+        """
+        return socket(0, 0, 0, info)
+
+if hasattr(_socket, "socketpair"):
+
+    def socketpair(family=None, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0):
+        """socketpair([family[, type[, proto]]]) -> (socket object, socket object)
+
+        Create a pair of socket objects from the sockets returned by the platform
+        socketpair() function.
+        The arguments are the same as for socket() except the default family is
+        AF_UNIX if defined on the platform; otherwise, the default is AF_INET.
+        """
+        if family is None:
+            try:
+                family = AF_UNIX
+            except NameError:
+                family = AF_INET
+        a, b = _socket.socketpair(family, type, proto)
+        a = socket(family, type, proto, a.detach())
+        b = socket(family, type, proto, b.detach())
+        return a, b
+
+
+_blocking_errnos = set([EAGAIN, EWOULDBLOCK])
+
+class SocketIO(io.RawIOBase):
+
+    """Raw I/O implementation for stream sockets.
+
+    This class supports the makefile() method on sockets.  It provides
+    the raw I/O interface on top of a socket object.
+    """
+
+    # One might wonder why not let FileIO do the job instead.  There are two
+    # main reasons why FileIO is not adapted:
+    # - it wouldn't work under Windows (where you can't used read() and
+    #   write() on a socket handle)
+    # - it wouldn't work with socket timeouts (FileIO would ignore the
+    #   timeout and consider the socket non-blocking)
+
+    # XXX More docs
+
+    def __init__(self, sock, mode):
+        if mode not in ("r", "w", "rw", "rb", "wb", "rwb"):
+            raise ValueError("invalid mode: %r" % mode)
+        io.RawIOBase.__init__(self)
+        self._sock = sock
+        if "b" not in mode:
+            mode += "b"
+        self._mode = mode
+        self._reading = "r" in mode
+        self._writing = "w" in mode
+        self._timeout_occurred = False
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        """Read up to len(b) bytes into the writable buffer *b* and return
+        the number of bytes read.  If the socket is non-blocking and no bytes
+        are available, None is returned.
+
+        If *b* is non-empty, a 0 return value indicates that the connection
+        was shutdown at the other end.
+        """
+        self._checkClosed()
+        self._checkReadable()
+        if self._timeout_occurred:
+            raise IOError("cannot read from timed out object")
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return self._sock.recv_into(b)
+            except timeout:
+                self._timeout_occurred = True
+                raise
+            # except InterruptedError:
+            #     continue
+            except error as e:
+                if e.args[0] in _blocking_errnos:
+                    return None
+                raise
+
+    def write(self, b):
+        """Write the given bytes or bytearray object *b* to the socket
+        and return the number of bytes written.  This can be less than
+        len(b) if not all data could be written.  If the socket is
+        non-blocking and no bytes could be written None is returned.
+        """
+        self._checkClosed()
+        self._checkWritable()
+        try:
+            return self._sock.send(b)
+        except error as e:
+            # XXX what about EINTR?
+            if e.args[0] in _blocking_errnos:
+                return None
+            raise
+
+    def readable(self):
+        """True if the SocketIO is open for reading.
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed socket.")
+        return self._reading
+
+    def writable(self):
+        """True if the SocketIO is open for writing.
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed socket.")
+        return self._writing
+
+    def seekable(self):
+        """True if the SocketIO is open for seeking.
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed socket.")
+        return super().seekable()
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        """Return the file descriptor of the underlying socket.
+        """
+        self._checkClosed()
+        return self._sock.fileno()
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            return self.fileno()
+        else:
+            return -1
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self):
+        return self._mode
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close the SocketIO object.  This doesn't close the underlying
+        socket, except if all references to it have disappeared.
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        io.RawIOBase.close(self)
+        self._sock._decref_socketios()
+        self._sock = None
+
+
+def getfqdn(name=''):
+    """Get fully qualified domain name from name.
+
+    An empty argument is interpreted as meaning the local host.
+
+    First the hostname returned by gethostbyaddr() is checked, then
+    possibly existing aliases. In case no FQDN is available, hostname
+    from gethostname() is returned.
+    """
+    name = name.strip()
+    if not name or name == '0.0.0.0':
+        name = gethostname()
+    try:
+        hostname, aliases, ipaddrs = gethostbyaddr(name)
+    except error:
+        pass
+    else:
+        aliases.insert(0, hostname)
+        for name in aliases:
+            if '.' in name:
+                break
+        else:
+            name = hostname
+    return name
+
+
+# Re-use the same sentinel as in the Python stdlib socket module:
+from socket import _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+# Was: _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = object()
+
+
+def create_connection(address, timeout=_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+                      source_address=None):
+    """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
+
+    Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
+    port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
+    *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
+    before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
+    global default timeout setting returned by :func:`getdefaulttimeout`
+    is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
+    for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
+    An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
+    """
+
+    host, port = address
+    err = None
+    for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
+        af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket(af, socktype, proto)
+            if timeout is not _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            if source_address:
+                sock.bind(source_address)
+            sock.connect(sa)
+            return sock
+
+        except error as _:
+            err = _
+            if sock is not None:
+                sock.close()
+
+    if err is not None:
+        raise err
+    else:
+        raise error("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/socketserver.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/socketserver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1e24a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/socketserver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+"""Generic socket server classes.
+
+This module tries to capture the various aspects of defining a server:
+
+For socket-based servers:
+
+- address family:
+        - AF_INET{,6}: IP (Internet Protocol) sockets (default)
+        - AF_UNIX: Unix domain sockets
+        - others, e.g. AF_DECNET are conceivable (see <socket.h>
+- socket type:
+        - SOCK_STREAM (reliable stream, e.g. TCP)
+        - SOCK_DGRAM (datagrams, e.g. UDP)
+
+For request-based servers (including socket-based):
+
+- client address verification before further looking at the request
+        (This is actually a hook for any processing that needs to look
+         at the request before anything else, e.g. logging)
+- how to handle multiple requests:
+        - synchronous (one request is handled at a time)
+        - forking (each request is handled by a new process)
+        - threading (each request is handled by a new thread)
+
+The classes in this module favor the server type that is simplest to
+write: a synchronous TCP/IP server.  This is bad class design, but
+save some typing.  (There's also the issue that a deep class hierarchy
+slows down method lookups.)
+
+There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent
+synchronous servers of four types:
+
+        +------------+
+        | BaseServer |
+        +------------+
+              |
+              v
+        +-----------+        +------------------+
+        | TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |
+        +-----------+        +------------------+
+              |
+              v
+        +-----------+        +--------------------+
+        | UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |
+        +-----------+        +--------------------+
+
+Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from
+UnixStreamServer -- the only difference between an IP and a Unix
+stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both
+unix server classes.
+
+Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created
+using the ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn mix-in classes.  For
+instance, a threading UDP server class is created as follows:
+
+        class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
+
+The Mix-in class must come first, since it overrides a method defined
+in UDPServer! Setting the various member variables also changes
+the behavior of the underlying server mechanism.
+
+To implement a service, you must derive a class from
+BaseRequestHandler and redefine its handle() method.  You can then run
+various versions of the service by combining one of the server classes
+with your request handler class.
+
+The request handler class must be different for datagram or stream
+services.  This can be hidden by using the request handler
+subclasses StreamRequestHandler or DatagramRequestHandler.
+
+Of course, you still have to use your head!
+
+For instance, it makes no sense to use a forking server if the service
+contains state in memory that can be modified by requests (since the
+modifications in the child process would never reach the initial state
+kept in the parent process and passed to each child).  In this case,
+you can use a threading server, but you will probably have to use
+locks to avoid two requests that come in nearly simultaneous to apply
+conflicting changes to the server state.
+
+On the other hand, if you are building e.g. an HTTP server, where all
+data is stored externally (e.g. in the file system), a synchronous
+class will essentially render the service "deaf" while one request is
+being handled -- which may be for a very long time if a client is slow
+to read all the data it has requested.  Here a threading or forking
+server is appropriate.
+
+In some cases, it may be appropriate to process part of a request
+synchronously, but to finish processing in a forked child depending on
+the request data.  This can be implemented by using a synchronous
+server and doing an explicit fork in the request handler class
+handle() method.
+
+Another approach to handling multiple simultaneous requests in an
+environment that supports neither threads nor fork (or where these are
+too expensive or inappropriate for the service) is to maintain an
+explicit table of partially finished requests and to use select() to
+decide which request to work on next (or whether to handle a new
+incoming request).  This is particularly important for stream services
+where each client can potentially be connected for a long time (if
+threads or subprocesses cannot be used).
+
+Future work:
+- Standard classes for Sun RPC (which uses either UDP or TCP)
+- Standard mix-in classes to implement various authentication
+  and encryption schemes
+- Standard framework for select-based multiplexing
+
+XXX Open problems:
+- What to do with out-of-band data?
+
+BaseServer:
+- split generic "request" functionality out into BaseServer class.
+  Copyright (C) 2000  Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@samba.org>
+
+  example: read entries from a SQL database (requires overriding
+  get_request() to return a table entry from the database).
+  entry is processed by a RequestHandlerClass.
+
+"""
+
+# Author of the BaseServer patch: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton
+
+# XXX Warning!
+# There is a test suite for this module, but it cannot be run by the
+# standard regression test.
+# To run it manually, run Lib/test/test_socketserver.py.
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, print_function)
+
+__version__ = "0.4"
+
+
+import socket
+import select
+import sys
+import os
+import errno
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError:
+    import dummy_threading as threading
+
+__all__ = ["TCPServer","UDPServer","ForkingUDPServer","ForkingTCPServer",
+           "ThreadingUDPServer","ThreadingTCPServer","BaseRequestHandler",
+           "StreamRequestHandler","DatagramRequestHandler",
+           "ThreadingMixIn", "ForkingMixIn"]
+if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
+    __all__.extend(["UnixStreamServer","UnixDatagramServer",
+                    "ThreadingUnixStreamServer",
+                    "ThreadingUnixDatagramServer"])
+
+def _eintr_retry(func, *args):
+    """restart a system call interrupted by EINTR"""
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return func(*args)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno != errno.EINTR:
+                raise
+
+class BaseServer(object):
+
+    """Base class for server classes.
+
+    Methods for the caller:
+
+    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
+    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
+    - shutdown()
+    - handle_request()  # if you do not use serve_forever()
+    - fileno() -> int   # for select()
+
+    Methods that may be overridden:
+
+    - server_bind()
+    - server_activate()
+    - get_request() -> request, client_address
+    - handle_timeout()
+    - verify_request(request, client_address)
+    - server_close()
+    - process_request(request, client_address)
+    - shutdown_request(request)
+    - close_request(request)
+    - service_actions()
+    - handle_error()
+
+    Methods for derived classes:
+
+    - finish_request(request, client_address)
+
+    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
+    instances:
+
+    - timeout
+    - address_family
+    - socket_type
+    - allow_reuse_address
+
+    Instance variables:
+
+    - RequestHandlerClass
+    - socket
+
+    """
+
+    timeout = None
+
+    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
+        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
+        self.server_address = server_address
+        self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
+        self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
+        self.__shutdown_request = False
+
+    def server_activate(self):
+        """Called by constructor to activate the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
+        """Handle one request at a time until shutdown.
+
+        Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
+        self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
+        another thread.
+        """
+        self.__is_shut_down.clear()
+        try:
+            while not self.__shutdown_request:
+                # XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or
+                # connecting to the socket to wake this up instead of
+                # polling. Polling reduces our responsiveness to a
+                # shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other times.
+                r, w, e = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [],
+                                       poll_interval)
+                if self in r:
+                    self._handle_request_noblock()
+
+                self.service_actions()
+        finally:
+            self.__shutdown_request = False
+            self.__is_shut_down.set()
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        """Stops the serve_forever loop.
+
+        Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while
+        serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will
+        deadlock.
+        """
+        self.__shutdown_request = True
+        self.__is_shut_down.wait()
+
+    def service_actions(self):
+        """Called by the serve_forever() loop.
+
+        May be overridden by a subclass / Mixin to implement any code that
+        needs to be run during the loop.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and
+    # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary.  Remember:
+    #
+    # - handle_request() is the top-level call.  It calls
+    #   select, get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()
+    # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets
+    # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process
+    #   or create a new thread to finish the request
+    # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class;
+    #   this constructor will handle the request all by itself
+
+    def handle_request(self):
+        """Handle one request, possibly blocking.
+
+        Respects self.timeout.
+        """
+        # Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape
+        # handle_request before self.timeout was available.
+        timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self.timeout
+        elif self.timeout is not None:
+            timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)
+        fd_sets = _eintr_retry(select.select, [self], [], [], timeout)
+        if not fd_sets[0]:
+            self.handle_timeout()
+            return
+        self._handle_request_noblock()
+
+    def _handle_request_noblock(self):
+        """Handle one request, without blocking.
+
+        I assume that select.select has returned that the socket is
+        readable before this function was called, so there should be
+        no risk of blocking in get_request().
+        """
+        try:
+            request, client_address = self.get_request()
+        except socket.error:
+            return
+        if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
+            try:
+                self.process_request(request, client_address)
+            except:
+                self.handle_error(request, client_address)
+                self.shutdown_request(request)
+
+    def handle_timeout(self):
+        """Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.
+
+        Overridden by ForkingMixIn.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Verify the request.  May be overridden.
+
+        Return True if we should proceed with this request.
+
+        """
+        return True
+
+    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Call finish_request.
+
+        Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.
+
+        """
+        self.finish_request(request, client_address)
+        self.shutdown_request(request)
+
+    def server_close(self):
+        """Called to clean-up the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
+        self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
+
+    def shutdown_request(self, request):
+        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
+        self.close_request(request)
+
+    def close_request(self, request):
+        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
+        pass
+
+    def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
+        """Handle an error gracefully.  May be overridden.
+
+        The default is to print a traceback and continue.
+
+        """
+        print('-'*40)
+        print('Exception happened during processing of request from', end=' ')
+        print(client_address)
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr!
+        print('-'*40)
+
+
+class TCPServer(BaseServer):
+
+    """Base class for various socket-based server classes.
+
+    Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).
+
+    Methods for the caller:
+
+    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)
+    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
+    - shutdown()
+    - handle_request()  # if you don't use serve_forever()
+    - fileno() -> int   # for select()
+
+    Methods that may be overridden:
+
+    - server_bind()
+    - server_activate()
+    - get_request() -> request, client_address
+    - handle_timeout()
+    - verify_request(request, client_address)
+    - process_request(request, client_address)
+    - shutdown_request(request)
+    - close_request(request)
+    - handle_error()
+
+    Methods for derived classes:
+
+    - finish_request(request, client_address)
+
+    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
+    instances:
+
+    - timeout
+    - address_family
+    - socket_type
+    - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)
+    - allow_reuse_address
+
+    Instance variables:
+
+    - server_address
+    - RequestHandlerClass
+    - socket
+
+    """
+
+    address_family = socket.AF_INET
+
+    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
+
+    request_queue_size = 5
+
+    allow_reuse_address = False
+
+    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
+        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
+        BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
+        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
+                                    self.socket_type)
+        if bind_and_activate:
+            self.server_bind()
+            self.server_activate()
+
+    def server_bind(self):
+        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        if self.allow_reuse_address:
+            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
+        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
+
+    def server_activate(self):
+        """Called by constructor to activate the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
+
+    def server_close(self):
+        """Called to clean-up the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        self.socket.close()
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        """Return socket file number.
+
+        Interface required by select().
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    def get_request(self):
+        """Get the request and client address from the socket.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.accept()
+
+    def shutdown_request(self, request):
+        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
+        try:
+            #explicitly shutdown.  socket.close() merely releases
+            #the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close.
+            request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+        except socket.error:
+            pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here
+        self.close_request(request)
+
+    def close_request(self, request):
+        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
+        request.close()
+
+
+class UDPServer(TCPServer):
+
+    """UDP server class."""
+
+    allow_reuse_address = False
+
+    socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+    max_packet_size = 8192
+
+    def get_request(self):
+        data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size)
+        return (data, self.socket), client_addr
+
+    def server_activate(self):
+        # No need to call listen() for UDP.
+        pass
+
+    def shutdown_request(self, request):
+        # No need to shutdown anything.
+        self.close_request(request)
+
+    def close_request(self, request):
+        # No need to close anything.
+        pass
+
+class ForkingMixIn(object):
+
+    """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new process."""
+
+    timeout = 300
+    active_children = None
+    max_children = 40
+
+    def collect_children(self):
+        """Internal routine to wait for children that have exited."""
+        if self.active_children is None: return
+        while len(self.active_children) >= self.max_children:
+            # XXX: This will wait for any child process, not just ones
+            # spawned by this library. This could confuse other
+            # libraries that expect to be able to wait for their own
+            # children.
+            try:
+                pid, status = os.waitpid(0, 0)
+            except os.error:
+                pid = None
+            if pid not in self.active_children: continue
+            self.active_children.remove(pid)
+
+        # XXX: This loop runs more system calls than it ought
+        # to. There should be a way to put the active_children into a
+        # process group and then use os.waitpid(-pgid) to wait for any
+        # of that set, but I couldn't find a way to allocate pgids
+        # that couldn't collide.
+        for child in self.active_children:
+            try:
+                pid, status = os.waitpid(child, os.WNOHANG)
+            except os.error:
+                pid = None
+            if not pid: continue
+            try:
+                self.active_children.remove(pid)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise ValueError('%s. x=%d and list=%r' % (e.message, pid,
+                                                           self.active_children))
+
+    def handle_timeout(self):
+        """Wait for zombies after self.timeout seconds of inactivity.
+
+        May be extended, do not override.
+        """
+        self.collect_children()
+
+    def service_actions(self):
+        """Collect the zombie child processes regularly in the ForkingMixIn.
+
+        service_actions is called in the BaseServer's serve_forver loop.
+        """
+        self.collect_children()
+
+    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Fork a new subprocess to process the request."""
+        pid = os.fork()
+        if pid:
+            # Parent process
+            if self.active_children is None:
+                self.active_children = []
+            self.active_children.append(pid)
+            self.close_request(request)
+            return
+        else:
+            # Child process.
+            # This must never return, hence os._exit()!
+            try:
+                self.finish_request(request, client_address)
+                self.shutdown_request(request)
+                os._exit(0)
+            except:
+                try:
+                    self.handle_error(request, client_address)
+                    self.shutdown_request(request)
+                finally:
+                    os._exit(1)
+
+
+class ThreadingMixIn(object):
+    """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""
+
+    # Decides how threads will act upon termination of the
+    # main process
+    daemon_threads = False
+
+    def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
+        """Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.
+
+        In addition, exception handling is done here.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            self.finish_request(request, client_address)
+            self.shutdown_request(request)
+        except:
+            self.handle_error(request, client_address)
+            self.shutdown_request(request)
+
+    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Start a new thread to process the request."""
+        t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
+                             args = (request, client_address))
+        t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
+        t.start()
+
+
+class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
+class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
+
+class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
+class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
+
+if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'):
+
+    class UnixStreamServer(TCPServer):
+        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
+
+    class UnixDatagramServer(UDPServer):
+        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
+
+    class ThreadingUnixStreamServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixStreamServer): pass
+
+    class ThreadingUnixDatagramServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixDatagramServer): pass
+
+class BaseRequestHandler(object):
+
+    """Base class for request handler classes.
+
+    This class is instantiated for each request to be handled.  The
+    constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
+    and server, and then calls the handle() method.  To implement a
+    specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
+    defines a handle() method.
+
+    The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
+    client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
+    needs access to per-server information) as self.server.  Since a
+    separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
+    can define arbitrary other instance variariables.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
+        self.request = request
+        self.client_address = client_address
+        self.server = server
+        self.setup()
+        try:
+            self.handle()
+        finally:
+            self.finish()
+
+    def setup(self):
+        pass
+
+    def handle(self):
+        pass
+
+    def finish(self):
+        pass
+
+
+# The following two classes make it possible to use the same service
+# class for stream or datagram servers.
+# Each class sets up these instance variables:
+# - rfile: a file object from which receives the request is read
+# - wfile: a file object to which the reply is written
+# When the handle() method returns, wfile is flushed properly
+
+
+class StreamRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
+
+    """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for stream sockets."""
+
+    # Default buffer sizes for rfile, wfile.
+    # We default rfile to buffered because otherwise it could be
+    # really slow for large data (a getc() call per byte); we make
+    # wfile unbuffered because (a) often after a write() we want to
+    # read and we need to flush the line; (b) big writes to unbuffered
+    # files are typically optimized by stdio even when big reads
+    # aren't.
+    rbufsize = -1
+    wbufsize = 0
+
+    # A timeout to apply to the request socket, if not None.
+    timeout = None
+
+    # Disable nagle algorithm for this socket, if True.
+    # Use only when wbufsize != 0, to avoid small packets.
+    disable_nagle_algorithm = False
+
+    def setup(self):
+        self.connection = self.request
+        if self.timeout is not None:
+            self.connection.settimeout(self.timeout)
+        if self.disable_nagle_algorithm:
+            self.connection.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP,
+                                       socket.TCP_NODELAY, True)
+        self.rfile = self.connection.makefile('rb', self.rbufsize)
+        self.wfile = self.connection.makefile('wb', self.wbufsize)
+
+    def finish(self):
+        if not self.wfile.closed:
+            try:
+                self.wfile.flush()
+            except socket.error:
+                # An final socket error may have occurred here, such as
+                # the local error ECONNABORTED.
+                pass
+        self.wfile.close()
+        self.rfile.close()
+
+
+class DatagramRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
+
+    # XXX Regrettably, I cannot get this working on Linux;
+    # s.recvfrom() doesn't return a meaningful client address.
+
+    """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for datagram sockets."""
+
+    def setup(self):
+        from io import BytesIO
+        self.packet, self.socket = self.request
+        self.rfile = BytesIO(self.packet)
+        self.wfile = BytesIO()
+
+    def finish(self):
+        self.socket.sendto(self.wfile.getvalue(), self.client_address)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bba5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""
+test package backported for python-future.
+
+Its primary purpose is to allow use of "import test.support" for running
+the Python standard library unit tests using the new Python 3 stdlib
+import location.
+
+Python 3 renamed test.test_support to test.support.
+"""
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/badcert.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/badcert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c419146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/badcert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+Just bad cert data
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+Just bad cert data
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/badkey.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/badkey.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c8a955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/badkey.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+Bad Key, though the cert should be OK
+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+Bad Key, though the cert should be OK
+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/dh512.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/dh512.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..200d16c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/dh512.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
+MEYCQQD1Kv884bEpQBgRjXyEpwpy1obEAxnIByl6ypUM2Zafq9AKUJsCRtMIPWak
+XUGfnHy9iUsiGSa6q6Jew1XpKgVfAgEC
+-----END DH PARAMETERS-----
+
+These are the 512 bit DH parameters from "Assigned Number for SKIP Protocols"
+(http://www.skip-vpn.org/spec/numbers.html).
+See there for how they were generated.
+Note that g is not a generator, but this is not a problem since p is a safe prime.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/https_svn_python_org_root.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/https_svn_python_org_root.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7dfc82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/https_svn_python_org_root.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert.passwd.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert.passwd.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e905748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert.passwd.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,1A8D9D2A02EC698A
+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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64318aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIICdwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmEwggJdAgEAAoGBANtb0+YrKuxevGpm
+LrjaUhZSgz6zFAmuGFmKmUbdjmfv9zSmmdsQIksK++jK0Be9LeZy20j6ahOfuVa0
+ufEmPoP7Fy4hXegKZR9cCWcIe/A6H2xWF1IIJLRTLaU8ol/I7T+um5HD5AwAwNPP
+USNU0Eegmvp+xxWu3NX2m1Veot85AgMBAAECgYA3ZdZ673X0oexFlq7AAmrutkHt
+CL7LvwrpOiaBjhyTxTeSNWzvtQBkIU8DOI0bIazA4UreAFffwtvEuPmonDb3F+Iq
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+UL9xqD8cORXOfE06rQJBAP8mEX1ERkR64Ptsoe4281vjTlNfIbs7NMPkUnrn9N/Y
+BLhjNIfQ3HFZG8BTMLfX7kCS9D593DW5tV4Z9BP/c6cCQQDcFzCcVArNh2JSywOQ
+ZfTfRbJg/Z5Lt9Fkngv1meeGNPgIMLN8Sg679pAOOWmzdMO3V706rNPzSVMME7E5
+oPIfAkEA8pDddarP5tCvTTgUpmTFbakm0KoTZm2+FzHcnA4jRh+XNTjTOv98Y6Ik
+eO5d1ZnKXseWvkZncQgxfdnMqqpj5wJAcNq/RVne1DbYlwWchT2Si65MYmmJ8t+F
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+x56qyGeZLOQlWS2JS3KJo59XuLFGqcbgN9Om9xFa41Yb4N9NvplFivsvZdw3m1Q/
+SPIXQuT8RMPDVNQ=
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIICVDCCAb2gAwIBAgIJANfHOBkZr8JOMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMF8xCzAJBgNV
+BAYTAlhZMRcwFQYDVQQHEw5DYXN0bGUgQW50aHJheDEjMCEGA1UEChMaUHl0aG9u
+IFNvZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24xEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDAeFw0xMDEw
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+YXRpb24xEjAQBgNVBAMTCWxvY2FsaG9zdDCBnzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOBjQAw
+gYkCgYEA21vT5isq7F68amYuuNpSFlKDPrMUCa4YWYqZRt2OZ+/3NKaZ2xAiSwr7
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+pTyiX8jtP66bkcPkDADA089RI1TQR6Ca+n7HFa7c1fabVV6i3zkCAwEAAaMYMBYw
+FAYDVR0RBA0wC4IJbG9jYWxob3N0MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBAHPctQBEQ4wd
+BJ6+JcpIraopLn8BGhbjNWj40mmRqWB/NAWF6M5ne7KpGAu7tLeG4hb1zLaldK8G
+lxy2GPSRF6LFS48dpEj2HbMv2nvv6xxalDMJ9+DicWgAKTQ6bcX2j3GUkCR0g/T1
+CRlNBAAlvhKzO7Clpf9l0YKBEfraJByX
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert2.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert2.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a9e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/keycert2.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nokia.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nokia.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d044df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nokia.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Certificate for projects.developer.nokia.com:443 (see issue 13034)
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+iyEFGDAmFiRodHRwOi8vbG9nby52ZXJpc2lnbi5jb20vdnNsb2dvMS5naWYwDQYJ
+KoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBACQuPyIJqXwUyFRWw9x5yDXgMW4zYFopQYOw/ItRY522
+O5BsySTh56BWS6mQB07XVfxmYUGAvRQDA5QHpmY8jIlNwSmN3s8RKo+fAtiNRlcL
+x/mWSfuMs3D/S6ev3D6+dpEMZtjrhOdctsarMKp8n/hPbwhAbg5hVjpkW5n8vz2y
+0KxvvkA1AxpLwpVv7OlK17ttzIHw8bp9HTlHBU5s8bKz4a565V/a5HI0CSEv/+0y
+ko4/ghTnZc1CkmUngKKeFMSah/mT/xAh8XnE2l1AazFa8UKuYki1e+ArHaGZc4ix
+UYOtiRphwfuYQhRZ7qX9q2MMkCMI65XNK/SaFrAbbG0=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nullbytecert.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nullbytecert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..447186c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nullbytecert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
+        Serial Number: 0 (0x0)
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=US, ST=Oregon, L=Beaverton, O=Python Software Foundation, OU=Python Core Development, CN=null.python.org\x00example.org/emailAddress=python-dev@python.org
+        Validity
+            Not Before: Aug  7 13:11:52 2013 GMT
+            Not After : Aug  7 13:12:52 2013 GMT
+        Subject: C=US, ST=Oregon, L=Beaverton, O=Python Software Foundation, OU=Python Core Development, CN=null.python.org\x00example.org/emailAddress=python-dev@python.org
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (2048 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:b5:ea:ed:c9:fb:46:7d:6f:3b:76:80:dd:3a:f3:
+                    03:94:0b:a7:a6:db:ec:1d:df:ff:23:74:08:9d:97:
+                    16:3f:a3:a4:7b:3e:1b:0e:96:59:25:03:a7:26:e2:
+                    88:a9:cf:79:cd:f7:04:56:b0:ab:79:32:6e:59:c1:
+                    32:30:54:eb:58:a8:cb:91:f0:42:a5:64:27:cb:d4:
+                    56:31:88:52:ad:cf:bd:7f:f0:06:64:1f:cc:27:b8:
+                    a3:8b:8c:f3:d8:29:1f:25:0b:f5:46:06:1b:ca:02:
+                    45:ad:7b:76:0a:9c:bf:bb:b9:ae:0d:16:ab:60:75:
+                    ae:06:3e:9c:7c:31:dc:92:2f:29:1a:e0:4b:0c:91:
+                    90:6c:e9:37:c5:90:d7:2a:d7:97:15:a3:80:8f:5d:
+                    7b:49:8f:54:30:d4:97:2c:1c:5b:37:b5:ab:69:30:
+                    68:43:d3:33:78:4b:02:60:f5:3c:44:80:a1:8f:e7:
+                    f0:0f:d1:5e:87:9e:46:cf:62:fc:f9:bf:0c:65:12:
+                    f1:93:c8:35:79:3f:c8:ec:ec:47:f5:ef:be:44:d5:
+                    ae:82:1e:2d:9a:9f:98:5a:67:65:e1:74:70:7c:cb:
+                    d3:c2:ce:0e:45:49:27:dc:e3:2d:d4:fb:48:0e:2f:
+                    9e:77:b8:14:46:c0:c4:36:ca:02:ae:6a:91:8c:da:
+                    2f:85
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
+                CA:FALSE
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
+                88:5A:55:C0:52:FF:61:CD:52:A3:35:0F:EA:5A:9C:24:38:22:F7:5C
+            X509v3 Key Usage:
+                Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
+            X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
+                *************************************************************
+                WARNING: The values for DNS, email and URI are WRONG. OpenSSL
+                         doesn't print the text after a NULL byte.
+                *************************************************************
+                DNS:altnull.python.org, email:null@python.org, URI:http://null.python.org, IP Address:192.0.2.1, IP Address:2001:DB8:0:0:0:0:0:1
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         ac:4f:45:ef:7d:49:a8:21:70:8e:88:59:3e:d4:36:42:70:f5:
+         a3:bd:8b:d7:a8:d0:58:f6:31:4a:b1:a4:a6:dd:6f:d9:e8:44:
+         3c:b6:0a:71:d6:7f:b1:08:61:9d:60:ce:75:cf:77:0c:d2:37:
+         86:02:8d:5e:5d:f9:0f:71:b4:16:a8:c1:3d:23:1c:f1:11:b3:
+         56:6e:ca:d0:8d:34:94:e6:87:2a:99:f2:ae:ae:cc:c2:e8:86:
+         de:08:a8:7f:c5:05:fa:6f:81:a7:82:e6:d0:53:9d:34:f4:ac:
+         3e:40:fe:89:57:7a:29:a4:91:7e:0b:c6:51:31:e5:10:2f:a4:
+         60:76:cd:95:51:1a:be:8b:a1:b0:fd:ad:52:bd:d7:1b:87:60:
+         d2:31:c7:17:c4:18:4f:2d:08:25:a3:a7:4f:b7:92:ca:e2:f5:
+         25:f1:54:75:81:9d:b3:3d:61:a2:f7:da:ed:e1:c6:6f:2c:60:
+         1f:d8:6f:c5:92:05:ab:c9:09:62:49:a9:14:ad:55:11:cc:d6:
+         4a:19:94:99:97:37:1d:81:5f:8b:cf:a3:a8:96:44:51:08:3d:
+         0b:05:65:12:eb:b6:70:80:88:48:72:4f:c6:c2:da:cf:cd:8e:
+         5b:ba:97:2f:60:b4:96:56:49:5e:3a:43:76:63:04:be:2a:f6:
+         c1:ca:a9:94
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIE2DCCA8CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBxTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMx
+DzANBgNVBAgMBk9yZWdvbjESMBAGA1UEBwwJQmVhdmVydG9uMSMwIQYDVQQKDBpQ
+eXRob24gU29mdHdhcmUgRm91bmRhdGlvbjEgMB4GA1UECwwXUHl0aG9uIENvcmUg
+RGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQxJDAiBgNVBAMMG251bGwucHl0aG9uLm9yZwBleGFtcGxlLm9y
+ZzEkMCIGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYVcHl0aG9uLWRldkBweXRob24ub3JnMB4XDTEzMDgw
+NzEzMTE1MloXDTEzMDgwNzEzMTI1MlowgcUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQ8wDQYDVQQI
+DAZPcmVnb24xEjAQBgNVBAcMCUJlYXZlcnRvbjEjMCEGA1UECgwaUHl0aG9uIFNv
+ZnR3YXJlIEZvdW5kYXRpb24xIDAeBgNVBAsMF1B5dGhvbiBDb3JlIERldmVsb3Bt
+ZW50MSQwIgYDVQQDDBtudWxsLnB5dGhvbi5vcmcAZXhhbXBsZS5vcmcxJDAiBgkq
+hkiG9w0BCQEWFXB5dGhvbi1kZXZAcHl0aG9uLm9yZzCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEB
+BQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALXq7cn7Rn1vO3aA3TrzA5QLp6bb7B3f/yN0CJ2XFj+j
+pHs+Gw6WWSUDpybiiKnPec33BFawq3kyblnBMjBU61ioy5HwQqVkJ8vUVjGIUq3P
+vX/wBmQfzCe4o4uM89gpHyUL9UYGG8oCRa17dgqcv7u5rg0Wq2B1rgY+nHwx3JIv
+KRrgSwyRkGzpN8WQ1yrXlxWjgI9de0mPVDDUlywcWze1q2kwaEPTM3hLAmD1PESA
+oY/n8A/RXoeeRs9i/Pm/DGUS8ZPINXk/yOzsR/XvvkTVroIeLZqfmFpnZeF0cHzL
+08LODkVJJ9zjLdT7SA4vnne4FEbAxDbKAq5qkYzaL4UCAwEAAaOB0DCBzTAMBgNV
+HRMBAf8EAjAAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBSIWlXAUv9hzVKjNQ/qWpwkOCL3XDALBgNVHQ8E
+BAMCBeAwgZAGA1UdEQSBiDCBhYIeYWx0bnVsbC5weXRob24ub3JnAGV4YW1wbGUu
+Y29tgSBudWxsQHB5dGhvbi5vcmcAdXNlckBleGFtcGxlLm9yZ4YpaHR0cDovL251
+bGwucHl0aG9uLm9yZwBodHRwOi8vZXhhbXBsZS5vcmeHBMAAAgGHECABDbgAAAAA
+AAAAAAAAAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAKxPRe99SaghcI6IWT7UNkJw9aO9
+i9eo0Fj2MUqxpKbdb9noRDy2CnHWf7EIYZ1gznXPdwzSN4YCjV5d+Q9xtBaowT0j
+HPERs1ZuytCNNJTmhyqZ8q6uzMLoht4IqH/FBfpvgaeC5tBTnTT0rD5A/olXeimk
+kX4LxlEx5RAvpGB2zZVRGr6LobD9rVK91xuHYNIxxxfEGE8tCCWjp0+3ksri9SXx
+VHWBnbM9YaL32u3hxm8sYB/Yb8WSBavJCWJJqRStVRHM1koZlJmXNx2BX4vPo6iW
+RFEIPQsFZRLrtnCAiEhyT8bC2s/Njlu6ly9gtJZWSV46Q3ZjBL4q9sHKqZQ=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nullcert.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/nullcert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/pystone.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/pystone.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7652027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/pystone.py
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+"""
+"PYSTONE" Benchmark Program
+
+Version:        Python/1.1 (corresponds to C/1.1 plus 2 Pystone fixes)
+
+Author:         Reinhold P. Weicker,  CACM Vol 27, No 10, 10/84 pg. 1013.
+
+                Translated from ADA to C by Rick Richardson.
+                Every method to preserve ADA-likeness has been used,
+                at the expense of C-ness.
+
+                Translated from C to Python by Guido van Rossum.
+
+Version History:
+
+                Version 1.1 corrects two bugs in version 1.0:
+
+                First, it leaked memory: in Proc1(), NextRecord ends
+                up having a pointer to itself.  I have corrected this
+                by zapping NextRecord.PtrComp at the end of Proc1().
+
+                Second, Proc3() used the operator != to compare a
+                record to None.  This is rather inefficient and not
+                true to the intention of the original benchmark (where
+                a pointer comparison to None is intended; the !=
+                operator attempts to find a method __cmp__ to do value
+                comparison of the record).  Version 1.1 runs 5-10
+                percent faster than version 1.0, so benchmark figures
+                of different versions can't be compared directly.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+from time import clock
+
+LOOPS = 50000
+
+__version__ = "1.1"
+
+[Ident1, Ident2, Ident3, Ident4, Ident5] = range(1, 6)
+
+class Record(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, PtrComp = None, Discr = 0, EnumComp = 0,
+                       IntComp = 0, StringComp = 0):
+        self.PtrComp = PtrComp
+        self.Discr = Discr
+        self.EnumComp = EnumComp
+        self.IntComp = IntComp
+        self.StringComp = StringComp
+
+    def copy(self):
+        return Record(self.PtrComp, self.Discr, self.EnumComp,
+                      self.IntComp, self.StringComp)
+
+TRUE = 1
+FALSE = 0
+
+def main(loops=LOOPS):
+    benchtime, stones = pystones(loops)
+    print("Pystone(%s) time for %d passes = %g" % \
+          (__version__, loops, benchtime))
+    print("This machine benchmarks at %g pystones/second" % stones)
+
+
+def pystones(loops=LOOPS):
+    return Proc0(loops)
+
+IntGlob = 0
+BoolGlob = FALSE
+Char1Glob = '\0'
+Char2Glob = '\0'
+Array1Glob = [0]*51
+Array2Glob = [x[:] for x in [Array1Glob]*51]
+PtrGlb = None
+PtrGlbNext = None
+
+def Proc0(loops=LOOPS):
+    global IntGlob
+    global BoolGlob
+    global Char1Glob
+    global Char2Glob
+    global Array1Glob
+    global Array2Glob
+    global PtrGlb
+    global PtrGlbNext
+
+    starttime = clock()
+    for i in range(loops):
+        pass
+    nulltime = clock() - starttime
+
+    PtrGlbNext = Record()
+    PtrGlb = Record()
+    PtrGlb.PtrComp = PtrGlbNext
+    PtrGlb.Discr = Ident1
+    PtrGlb.EnumComp = Ident3
+    PtrGlb.IntComp = 40
+    PtrGlb.StringComp = "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING"
+    String1Loc = "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING"
+    Array2Glob[8][7] = 10
+
+    starttime = clock()
+
+    for i in range(loops):
+        Proc5()
+        Proc4()
+        IntLoc1 = 2
+        IntLoc2 = 3
+        String2Loc = "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING"
+        EnumLoc = Ident2
+        BoolGlob = not Func2(String1Loc, String2Loc)
+        while IntLoc1 < IntLoc2:
+            IntLoc3 = 5 * IntLoc1 - IntLoc2
+            IntLoc3 = Proc7(IntLoc1, IntLoc2)
+            IntLoc1 = IntLoc1 + 1
+        Proc8(Array1Glob, Array2Glob, IntLoc1, IntLoc3)
+        PtrGlb = Proc1(PtrGlb)
+        CharIndex = 'A'
+        while CharIndex <= Char2Glob:
+            if EnumLoc == Func1(CharIndex, 'C'):
+                EnumLoc = Proc6(Ident1)
+            CharIndex = chr(ord(CharIndex)+1)
+        IntLoc3 = IntLoc2 * IntLoc1
+        IntLoc2 = IntLoc3 / IntLoc1
+        IntLoc2 = 7 * (IntLoc3 - IntLoc2) - IntLoc1
+        IntLoc1 = Proc2(IntLoc1)
+
+    benchtime = clock() - starttime - nulltime
+    if benchtime == 0.0:
+        loopsPerBenchtime = 0.0
+    else:
+        loopsPerBenchtime = (loops / benchtime)
+    return benchtime, loopsPerBenchtime
+
+def Proc1(PtrParIn):
+    PtrParIn.PtrComp = NextRecord = PtrGlb.copy()
+    PtrParIn.IntComp = 5
+    NextRecord.IntComp = PtrParIn.IntComp
+    NextRecord.PtrComp = PtrParIn.PtrComp
+    NextRecord.PtrComp = Proc3(NextRecord.PtrComp)
+    if NextRecord.Discr == Ident1:
+        NextRecord.IntComp = 6
+        NextRecord.EnumComp = Proc6(PtrParIn.EnumComp)
+        NextRecord.PtrComp = PtrGlb.PtrComp
+        NextRecord.IntComp = Proc7(NextRecord.IntComp, 10)
+    else:
+        PtrParIn = NextRecord.copy()
+    NextRecord.PtrComp = None
+    return PtrParIn
+
+def Proc2(IntParIO):
+    IntLoc = IntParIO + 10
+    while 1:
+        if Char1Glob == 'A':
+            IntLoc = IntLoc - 1
+            IntParIO = IntLoc - IntGlob
+            EnumLoc = Ident1
+        if EnumLoc == Ident1:
+            break
+    return IntParIO
+
+def Proc3(PtrParOut):
+    global IntGlob
+
+    if PtrGlb is not None:
+        PtrParOut = PtrGlb.PtrComp
+    else:
+        IntGlob = 100
+    PtrGlb.IntComp = Proc7(10, IntGlob)
+    return PtrParOut
+
+def Proc4():
+    global Char2Glob
+
+    BoolLoc = Char1Glob == 'A'
+    BoolLoc = BoolLoc or BoolGlob
+    Char2Glob = 'B'
+
+def Proc5():
+    global Char1Glob
+    global BoolGlob
+
+    Char1Glob = 'A'
+    BoolGlob = FALSE
+
+def Proc6(EnumParIn):
+    EnumParOut = EnumParIn
+    if not Func3(EnumParIn):
+        EnumParOut = Ident4
+    if EnumParIn == Ident1:
+        EnumParOut = Ident1
+    elif EnumParIn == Ident2:
+        if IntGlob > 100:
+            EnumParOut = Ident1
+        else:
+            EnumParOut = Ident4
+    elif EnumParIn == Ident3:
+        EnumParOut = Ident2
+    elif EnumParIn == Ident4:
+        pass
+    elif EnumParIn == Ident5:
+        EnumParOut = Ident3
+    return EnumParOut
+
+def Proc7(IntParI1, IntParI2):
+    IntLoc = IntParI1 + 2
+    IntParOut = IntParI2 + IntLoc
+    return IntParOut
+
+def Proc8(Array1Par, Array2Par, IntParI1, IntParI2):
+    global IntGlob
+
+    IntLoc = IntParI1 + 5
+    Array1Par[IntLoc] = IntParI2
+    Array1Par[IntLoc+1] = Array1Par[IntLoc]
+    Array1Par[IntLoc+30] = IntLoc
+    for IntIndex in range(IntLoc, IntLoc+2):
+        Array2Par[IntLoc][IntIndex] = IntLoc
+    Array2Par[IntLoc][IntLoc-1] = Array2Par[IntLoc][IntLoc-1] + 1
+    Array2Par[IntLoc+20][IntLoc] = Array1Par[IntLoc]
+    IntGlob = 5
+
+def Func1(CharPar1, CharPar2):
+    CharLoc1 = CharPar1
+    CharLoc2 = CharLoc1
+    if CharLoc2 != CharPar2:
+        return Ident1
+    else:
+        return Ident2
+
+def Func2(StrParI1, StrParI2):
+    IntLoc = 1
+    while IntLoc <= 1:
+        if Func1(StrParI1[IntLoc], StrParI2[IntLoc+1]) == Ident1:
+            CharLoc = 'A'
+            IntLoc = IntLoc + 1
+    if CharLoc >= 'W' and CharLoc <= 'Z':
+        IntLoc = 7
+    if CharLoc == 'X':
+        return TRUE
+    else:
+        if StrParI1 > StrParI2:
+            IntLoc = IntLoc + 7
+            return TRUE
+        else:
+            return FALSE
+
+def Func3(EnumParIn):
+    EnumLoc = EnumParIn
+    if EnumLoc == Ident3: return TRUE
+    return FALSE
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+    def error(msg):
+        print(msg, end=' ', file=sys.stderr)
+        print("usage: %s [number_of_loops]" % sys.argv[0], file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(100)
+    nargs = len(sys.argv) - 1
+    if nargs > 1:
+        error("%d arguments are too many;" % nargs)
+    elif nargs == 1:
+        try: loops = int(sys.argv[1])
+        except ValueError:
+            error("Invalid argument %r;" % sys.argv[1])
+    else:
+        loops = LOOPS
+    main(loops)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/sha256.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/sha256.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3db4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/sha256.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# Certificate chain for https://sha256.tbs-internet.com
+ 0 s:/C=FR/postalCode=14000/ST=Calvados/L=CAEN/street=22 rue de Bretagne/O=TBS INTERNET/OU=0002 440443810/OU=sha-256 production/CN=sha256.tbs-internet.com
+   i:/C=FR/ST=Calvados/L=Caen/O=TBS INTERNET/OU=Terms and Conditions: http://www.tbs-internet.com/CA/repository/OU=TBS INTERNET CA/CN=TBS X509 CA SGC
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIGXDCCBUSgAwIBAgIRAKpVmHgg9nfCodAVwcP4siwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAw
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+   i:/C=SE/O=AddTrust AB/OU=AddTrust External TTP Network/CN=AddTrust External CA Root
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+MtGzz3/64PGgXYVOktKeRR20TzA9BgNVHR8ENjA0MDKgMKAuhixodHRwOi8vY3Js
+LnVzZXJ0cnVzdC5jb20vVVROLURBVEFDb3JwU0dDLmNybDAqBgNVHSUEIzAhBggr
+BgEFBQcDAQYKKwYBBAGCNwoDAwYJYIZIAYb4QgQBMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IB
+AQAnNZcAiosovcYzMB4p/OL31ZjUQLtgyr+rFywJNn9Q+kHcrpY6CiM+iVnJowft
+Gzet/Hy+UUla3joKVAgWRcKZsYfNjGjgaQPpxE6YsjuMFrMOoAyYUJuTqXAJyCyj
+j98C5OBxOvG0I3KgqgHf35g+FFCgMSa9KOlaMCZ1+XtgHI3zzVAmbQQnmt/VDUVH
+KWss5nbZqSl9Mt3JNjy9rjXxEZ4du5A/EkdOjtd+D2JzHVImOBwYSf0wdJrE5SIv
+2MCN7ZF6TACPcn9d2t0bi0Vr591pl6jFVkwPDPafepE39peC4N1xaf92P2BNPM/3
+mfnGV/TJVTl4uix5yaaIK/QI
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_cert.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_cert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47a7d7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_cert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.passwd.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.passwd.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2524672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.passwd.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
+DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,1A8D9D2A02EC698A
+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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.pem b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fd3bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_key.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_servers.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_servers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87a3fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/ssl_servers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import filter, str
+from future import utils
+import os
+import sys
+import ssl
+import pprint
+import socket
+from future.backports.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
+from future.backports.http.server import (HTTPServer as _HTTPServer,
+    SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
+from future.backports.test import support
+threading = support.import_module("threading")
+
+here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+
+HOST = support.HOST
+CERTFILE = os.path.join(here, 'keycert.pem')
+
+# This one's based on HTTPServer, which is based on SocketServer
+
+class HTTPSServer(_HTTPServer):
+
+    def __init__(self, server_address, handler_class, context):
+        _HTTPServer.__init__(self, server_address, handler_class)
+        self.context = context
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('<%s %s:%s>' %
+                (self.__class__.__name__,
+                 self.server_name,
+                 self.server_port))
+
+    def get_request(self):
+        # override this to wrap socket with SSL
+        try:
+            sock, addr = self.socket.accept()
+            sslconn = self.context.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True)
+        except socket.error as e:
+            # socket errors are silenced by the caller, print them here
+            if support.verbose:
+                sys.stderr.write("Got an error:\n%s\n" % e)
+            raise
+        return sslconn, addr
+
+class RootedHTTPRequestHandler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
+    # need to override translate_path to get a known root,
+    # instead of using os.curdir, since the test could be
+    # run from anywhere
+
+    server_version = "TestHTTPS/1.0"
+    root = here
+    # Avoid hanging when a request gets interrupted by the client
+    timeout = 5
+
+    def translate_path(self, path):
+        """Translate a /-separated PATH to the local filename syntax.
+
+        Components that mean special things to the local file system
+        (e.g. drive or directory names) are ignored.  (XXX They should
+        probably be diagnosed.)
+
+        """
+        # abandon query parameters
+        path = urllib.parse.urlparse(path)[2]
+        path = os.path.normpath(urllib.parse.unquote(path))
+        words = path.split('/')
+        words = filter(None, words)
+        path = self.root
+        for word in words:
+            drive, word = os.path.splitdrive(word)
+            head, word = os.path.split(word)
+            path = os.path.join(path, word)
+        return path
+
+    def log_message(self, format, *args):
+        # we override this to suppress logging unless "verbose"
+        if support.verbose:
+            sys.stdout.write(" server (%s:%d %s):\n   [%s] %s\n" %
+                             (self.server.server_address,
+                              self.server.server_port,
+                              self.request.cipher(),
+                              self.log_date_time_string(),
+                              format%args))
+
+
+class StatsRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    """Example HTTP request handler which returns SSL statistics on GET
+    requests.
+    """
+
+    server_version = "StatsHTTPS/1.0"
+
+    def do_GET(self, send_body=True):
+        """Serve a GET request."""
+        sock = self.rfile.raw._sock
+        context = sock.context
+        stats = {
+            'session_cache': context.session_stats(),
+            'cipher': sock.cipher(),
+            'compression': sock.compression(),
+            }
+        body = pprint.pformat(stats)
+        body = body.encode('utf-8')
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(body)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        if send_body:
+            self.wfile.write(body)
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        """Serve a HEAD request."""
+        self.do_GET(send_body=False)
+
+    def log_request(self, format, *args):
+        if support.verbose:
+            BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_request(self, format, *args)
+
+
+class HTTPSServerThread(threading.Thread):
+
+    def __init__(self, context, host=HOST, handler_class=None):
+        self.flag = None
+        self.server = HTTPSServer((host, 0),
+                                  handler_class or RootedHTTPRequestHandler,
+                                  context)
+        self.port = self.server.server_port
+        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
+        self.daemon = True
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "<%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.server)
+
+    def start(self, flag=None):
+        self.flag = flag
+        threading.Thread.start(self)
+
+    def run(self):
+        if self.flag:
+            self.flag.set()
+        try:
+            self.server.serve_forever(0.05)
+        finally:
+            self.server.server_close()
+
+    def stop(self):
+        self.server.shutdown()
+
+
+def make_https_server(case, certfile=CERTFILE, host=HOST, handler_class=None):
+    # we assume the certfile contains both private key and certificate
+    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+    context.load_cert_chain(certfile)
+    server = HTTPSServerThread(context, host, handler_class)
+    flag = threading.Event()
+    server.start(flag)
+    flag.wait()
+    def cleanup():
+        if support.verbose:
+            sys.stdout.write('stopping HTTPS server\n')
+        server.stop()
+        if support.verbose:
+            sys.stdout.write('joining HTTPS thread\n')
+        server.join()
+    case.addCleanup(cleanup)
+    return server
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import argparse
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='Run a test HTTPS server. '
+                    'By default, the current directory is served.')
+    parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', type=int, default=4433,
+                        help='port to listen on (default: %(default)s)')
+    parser.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', dest='verbose', default=True,
+                        action='store_false', help='be less verbose')
+    parser.add_argument('-s', '--stats', dest='use_stats_handler', default=False,
+                        action='store_true', help='always return stats page')
+    parser.add_argument('--curve-name', dest='curve_name', type=str,
+                        action='store',
+                        help='curve name for EC-based Diffie-Hellman')
+    parser.add_argument('--dh', dest='dh_file', type=str, action='store',
+                        help='PEM file containing DH parameters')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    support.verbose = args.verbose
+    if args.use_stats_handler:
+        handler_class = StatsRequestHandler
+    else:
+        handler_class = RootedHTTPRequestHandler
+        if utils.PY2:
+            handler_class.root = os.getcwdu()
+        else:
+            handler_class.root = os.getcwd()
+    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
+    context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
+    if args.curve_name:
+        context.set_ecdh_curve(args.curve_name)
+    if args.dh_file:
+        context.load_dh_params(args.dh_file)
+
+    server = HTTPSServer(("", args.port), handler_class, context)
+    if args.verbose:
+        print("Listening on https://localhost:{0.port}".format(args))
+    server.serve_forever(0.1)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/support.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/support.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1999e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/test/support.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2048 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Supporting definitions for the Python regression tests.
+
+Backported for python-future from Python 3.3 test/support.py.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future import utils
+from future.builtins import str, range, open, int, map, list
+
+import contextlib
+import errno
+import functools
+import gc
+import socket
+import sys
+import os
+import platform
+import shutil
+import warnings
+import unittest
+# For Python 2.6 compatibility:
+if not hasattr(unittest, 'skip'):
+    import unittest2 as unittest
+
+import importlib
+# import collections.abc    # not present on Py2.7
+import re
+import subprocess
+import imp
+import time
+try:
+    import sysconfig
+except ImportError:
+    # sysconfig is not available on Python 2.6. Try using distutils.sysconfig instead:
+    from distutils import sysconfig
+import fnmatch
+import logging.handlers
+import struct
+import tempfile
+
+try:
+    if utils.PY3:
+        import _thread, threading
+    else:
+        import thread as _thread, threading
+except ImportError:
+    _thread = None
+    threading = None
+try:
+    import multiprocessing.process
+except ImportError:
+    multiprocessing = None
+
+try:
+    import zlib
+except ImportError:
+    zlib = None
+
+try:
+    import gzip
+except ImportError:
+    gzip = None
+
+try:
+    import bz2
+except ImportError:
+    bz2 = None
+
+try:
+    import lzma
+except ImportError:
+    lzma = None
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Error", "TestFailed", "ResourceDenied", "import_module", "verbose",
+    "use_resources", "max_memuse", "record_original_stdout",
+    "get_original_stdout", "unload", "unlink", "rmtree", "forget",
+    "is_resource_enabled", "requires", "requires_freebsd_version",
+    "requires_linux_version", "requires_mac_ver", "find_unused_port",
+    "bind_port", "IPV6_ENABLED", "is_jython", "TESTFN", "HOST", "SAVEDCWD",
+    "temp_cwd", "findfile", "create_empty_file", "sortdict",
+    "check_syntax_error", "open_urlresource", "check_warnings", "CleanImport",
+    "EnvironmentVarGuard", "TransientResource", "captured_stdout",
+    "captured_stdin", "captured_stderr", "time_out", "socket_peer_reset",
+    "ioerror_peer_reset", "run_with_locale", 'temp_umask',
+    "transient_internet", "set_memlimit", "bigmemtest", "bigaddrspacetest",
+    "BasicTestRunner", "run_unittest", "run_doctest", "threading_setup",
+    "threading_cleanup", "reap_children", "cpython_only", "check_impl_detail",
+    "get_attribute", "swap_item", "swap_attr", "requires_IEEE_754",
+    "TestHandler", "Matcher", "can_symlink", "skip_unless_symlink",
+    "skip_unless_xattr", "import_fresh_module", "requires_zlib",
+    "PIPE_MAX_SIZE", "failfast", "anticipate_failure", "run_with_tz",
+    "requires_gzip", "requires_bz2", "requires_lzma", "suppress_crash_popup",
+    ]
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    """Base class for regression test exceptions."""
+
+class TestFailed(Error):
+    """Test failed."""
+
+class ResourceDenied(unittest.SkipTest):
+    """Test skipped because it requested a disallowed resource.
+
+    This is raised when a test calls requires() for a resource that
+    has not be enabled.  It is used to distinguish between expected
+    and unexpected skips.
+    """
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _ignore_deprecated_imports(ignore=True):
+    """Context manager to suppress package and module deprecation
+    warnings when importing them.
+
+    If ignore is False, this context manager has no effect."""
+    if ignore:
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", ".+ (module|package)",
+                                    DeprecationWarning)
+            yield
+    else:
+        yield
+
+
+def import_module(name, deprecated=False):
+    """Import and return the module to be tested, raising SkipTest if
+    it is not available.
+
+    If deprecated is True, any module or package deprecation messages
+    will be suppressed."""
+    with _ignore_deprecated_imports(deprecated):
+        try:
+            return importlib.import_module(name)
+        except ImportError as msg:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest(str(msg))
+
+
+def _save_and_remove_module(name, orig_modules):
+    """Helper function to save and remove a module from sys.modules
+
+    Raise ImportError if the module can't be imported.
+    """
+    # try to import the module and raise an error if it can't be imported
+    if name not in sys.modules:
+        __import__(name)
+        del sys.modules[name]
+    for modname in list(sys.modules):
+        if modname == name or modname.startswith(name + '.'):
+            orig_modules[modname] = sys.modules[modname]
+            del sys.modules[modname]
+
+def _save_and_block_module(name, orig_modules):
+    """Helper function to save and block a module in sys.modules
+
+    Return True if the module was in sys.modules, False otherwise.
+    """
+    saved = True
+    try:
+        orig_modules[name] = sys.modules[name]
+    except KeyError:
+        saved = False
+    sys.modules[name] = None
+    return saved
+
+
+def anticipate_failure(condition):
+    """Decorator to mark a test that is known to be broken in some cases
+
+       Any use of this decorator should have a comment identifying the
+       associated tracker issue.
+    """
+    if condition:
+        return unittest.expectedFailure
+    return lambda f: f
+
+
+def import_fresh_module(name, fresh=(), blocked=(), deprecated=False):
+    """Import and return a module, deliberately bypassing sys.modules.
+    This function imports and returns a fresh copy of the named Python module
+    by removing the named module from sys.modules before doing the import.
+    Note that unlike reload, the original module is not affected by
+    this operation.
+
+    *fresh* is an iterable of additional module names that are also removed
+    from the sys.modules cache before doing the import.
+
+    *blocked* is an iterable of module names that are replaced with None
+    in the module cache during the import to ensure that attempts to import
+    them raise ImportError.
+
+    The named module and any modules named in the *fresh* and *blocked*
+    parameters are saved before starting the import and then reinserted into
+    sys.modules when the fresh import is complete.
+
+    Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import
+    if *deprecated* is True.
+
+    This function will raise ImportError if the named module cannot be
+    imported.
+
+    If deprecated is True, any module or package deprecation messages
+    will be suppressed.
+    """
+    # NOTE: test_heapq, test_json and test_warnings include extra sanity checks
+    # to make sure that this utility function is working as expected
+    with _ignore_deprecated_imports(deprecated):
+        # Keep track of modules saved for later restoration as well
+        # as those which just need a blocking entry removed
+        orig_modules = {}
+        names_to_remove = []
+        _save_and_remove_module(name, orig_modules)
+        try:
+            for fresh_name in fresh:
+                _save_and_remove_module(fresh_name, orig_modules)
+            for blocked_name in blocked:
+                if not _save_and_block_module(blocked_name, orig_modules):
+                    names_to_remove.append(blocked_name)
+            fresh_module = importlib.import_module(name)
+        except ImportError:
+            fresh_module = None
+        finally:
+            for orig_name, module in orig_modules.items():
+                sys.modules[orig_name] = module
+            for name_to_remove in names_to_remove:
+                del sys.modules[name_to_remove]
+        return fresh_module
+
+
+def get_attribute(obj, name):
+    """Get an attribute, raising SkipTest if AttributeError is raised."""
+    try:
+        attribute = getattr(obj, name)
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise unittest.SkipTest("object %r has no attribute %r" % (obj, name))
+    else:
+        return attribute
+
+verbose = 1              # Flag set to 0 by regrtest.py
+use_resources = None     # Flag set to [] by regrtest.py
+max_memuse = 0           # Disable bigmem tests (they will still be run with
+                         # small sizes, to make sure they work.)
+real_max_memuse = 0
+failfast = False
+match_tests = None
+
+# _original_stdout is meant to hold stdout at the time regrtest began.
+# This may be "the real" stdout, or IDLE's emulation of stdout, or whatever.
+# The point is to have some flavor of stdout the user can actually see.
+_original_stdout = None
+def record_original_stdout(stdout):
+    global _original_stdout
+    _original_stdout = stdout
+
+def get_original_stdout():
+    return _original_stdout or sys.stdout
+
+def unload(name):
+    try:
+        del sys.modules[name]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+
+if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
+    def _waitfor(func, pathname, waitall=False):
+        # Perform the operation
+        func(pathname)
+        # Now setup the wait loop
+        if waitall:
+            dirname = pathname
+        else:
+            dirname, name = os.path.split(pathname)
+            dirname = dirname or '.'
+        # Check for `pathname` to be removed from the filesystem.
+        # The exponential backoff of the timeout amounts to a total
+        # of ~1 second after which the deletion is probably an error
+        # anyway.
+        # Testing on a i7@4.3GHz shows that usually only 1 iteration is
+        # required when contention occurs.
+        timeout = 0.001
+        while timeout < 1.0:
+            # Note we are only testing for the existence of the file(s) in
+            # the contents of the directory regardless of any security or
+            # access rights.  If we have made it this far, we have sufficient
+            # permissions to do that much using Python's equivalent of the
+            # Windows API FindFirstFile.
+            # Other Windows APIs can fail or give incorrect results when
+            # dealing with files that are pending deletion.
+            L = os.listdir(dirname)
+            if not (L if waitall else name in L):
+                return
+            # Increase the timeout and try again
+            time.sleep(timeout)
+            timeout *= 2
+        warnings.warn('tests may fail, delete still pending for ' + pathname,
+                      RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=4)
+
+    def _unlink(filename):
+        _waitfor(os.unlink, filename)
+
+    def _rmdir(dirname):
+        _waitfor(os.rmdir, dirname)
+
+    def _rmtree(path):
+        def _rmtree_inner(path):
+            for name in os.listdir(path):
+                fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
+                if os.path.isdir(fullname):
+                    _waitfor(_rmtree_inner, fullname, waitall=True)
+                    os.rmdir(fullname)
+                else:
+                    os.unlink(fullname)
+        _waitfor(_rmtree_inner, path, waitall=True)
+        _waitfor(os.rmdir, path)
+else:
+    _unlink = os.unlink
+    _rmdir = os.rmdir
+    _rmtree = shutil.rmtree
+
+def unlink(filename):
+    try:
+        _unlink(filename)
+    except OSError as error:
+        # The filename need not exist.
+        if error.errno not in (errno.ENOENT, errno.ENOTDIR):
+            raise
+
+def rmdir(dirname):
+    try:
+        _rmdir(dirname)
+    except OSError as error:
+        # The directory need not exist.
+        if error.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+            raise
+
+def rmtree(path):
+    try:
+        _rmtree(path)
+    except OSError as error:
+        if error.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+            raise
+
+def make_legacy_pyc(source):
+    """Move a PEP 3147 pyc/pyo file to its legacy pyc/pyo location.
+
+    The choice of .pyc or .pyo extension is done based on the __debug__ flag
+    value.
+
+    :param source: The file system path to the source file.  The source file
+        does not need to exist, however the PEP 3147 pyc file must exist.
+    :return: The file system path to the legacy pyc file.
+    """
+    pyc_file = imp.cache_from_source(source)
+    up_one = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(source))
+    legacy_pyc = os.path.join(up_one, source + ('c' if __debug__ else 'o'))
+    os.rename(pyc_file, legacy_pyc)
+    return legacy_pyc
+
+def forget(modname):
+    """'Forget' a module was ever imported.
+
+    This removes the module from sys.modules and deletes any PEP 3147 or
+    legacy .pyc and .pyo files.
+    """
+    unload(modname)
+    for dirname in sys.path:
+        source = os.path.join(dirname, modname + '.py')
+        # It doesn't matter if they exist or not, unlink all possible
+        # combinations of PEP 3147 and legacy pyc and pyo files.
+        unlink(source + 'c')
+        unlink(source + 'o')
+        unlink(imp.cache_from_source(source, debug_override=True))
+        unlink(imp.cache_from_source(source, debug_override=False))
+
+# On some platforms, should not run gui test even if it is allowed
+# in `use_resources'.
+if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+    import ctypes
+    import ctypes.wintypes
+    def _is_gui_available():
+        UOI_FLAGS = 1
+        WSF_VISIBLE = 0x0001
+        class USEROBJECTFLAGS(ctypes.Structure):
+            _fields_ = [("fInherit", ctypes.wintypes.BOOL),
+                        ("fReserved", ctypes.wintypes.BOOL),
+                        ("dwFlags", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)]
+        dll = ctypes.windll.user32
+        h = dll.GetProcessWindowStation()
+        if not h:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
+        uof = USEROBJECTFLAGS()
+        needed = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD()
+        res = dll.GetUserObjectInformationW(h,
+            UOI_FLAGS,
+            ctypes.byref(uof),
+            ctypes.sizeof(uof),
+            ctypes.byref(needed))
+        if not res:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
+        return bool(uof.dwFlags & WSF_VISIBLE)
+else:
+    def _is_gui_available():
+        return True
+
+def is_resource_enabled(resource):
+    """Test whether a resource is enabled.  Known resources are set by
+    regrtest.py."""
+    return use_resources is not None and resource in use_resources
+
+def requires(resource, msg=None):
+    """Raise ResourceDenied if the specified resource is not available.
+
+    If the caller's module is __main__ then automatically return True.  The
+    possibility of False being returned occurs when regrtest.py is
+    executing.
+    """
+    if resource == 'gui' and not _is_gui_available():
+        raise unittest.SkipTest("Cannot use the 'gui' resource")
+    # see if the caller's module is __main__ - if so, treat as if
+    # the resource was set
+    if sys._getframe(1).f_globals.get("__name__") == "__main__":
+        return
+    if not is_resource_enabled(resource):
+        if msg is None:
+            msg = "Use of the %r resource not enabled" % resource
+        raise ResourceDenied(msg)
+
+def _requires_unix_version(sysname, min_version):
+    """Decorator raising SkipTest if the OS is `sysname` and the version is less
+    than `min_version`.
+
+    For example, @_requires_unix_version('FreeBSD', (7, 2)) raises SkipTest if
+    the FreeBSD version is less than 7.2.
+    """
+    def decorator(func):
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kw):
+            if platform.system() == sysname:
+                version_txt = platform.release().split('-', 1)[0]
+                try:
+                    version = tuple(map(int, version_txt.split('.')))
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    if version < min_version:
+                        min_version_txt = '.'.join(map(str, min_version))
+                        raise unittest.SkipTest(
+                            "%s version %s or higher required, not %s"
+                            % (sysname, min_version_txt, version_txt))
+            return func(*args, **kw)
+        wrapper.min_version = min_version
+        return wrapper
+    return decorator
+
+def requires_freebsd_version(*min_version):
+    """Decorator raising SkipTest if the OS is FreeBSD and the FreeBSD version is
+    less than `min_version`.
+
+    For example, @requires_freebsd_version(7, 2) raises SkipTest if the FreeBSD
+    version is less than 7.2.
+    """
+    return _requires_unix_version('FreeBSD', min_version)
+
+def requires_linux_version(*min_version):
+    """Decorator raising SkipTest if the OS is Linux and the Linux version is
+    less than `min_version`.
+
+    For example, @requires_linux_version(2, 6, 32) raises SkipTest if the Linux
+    version is less than 2.6.32.
+    """
+    return _requires_unix_version('Linux', min_version)
+
+def requires_mac_ver(*min_version):
+    """Decorator raising SkipTest if the OS is Mac OS X and the OS X
+    version if less than min_version.
+
+    For example, @requires_mac_ver(10, 5) raises SkipTest if the OS X version
+    is lesser than 10.5.
+    """
+    def decorator(func):
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kw):
+            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+                version_txt = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+                try:
+                    version = tuple(map(int, version_txt.split('.')))
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    if version < min_version:
+                        min_version_txt = '.'.join(map(str, min_version))
+                        raise unittest.SkipTest(
+                            "Mac OS X %s or higher required, not %s"
+                            % (min_version_txt, version_txt))
+            return func(*args, **kw)
+        wrapper.min_version = min_version
+        return wrapper
+    return decorator
+
+# Don't use "localhost", since resolving it uses the DNS under recent
+# Windows versions (see issue #18792).
+HOST = "127.0.0.1"
+HOSTv6 = "::1"
+
+
+def find_unused_port(family=socket.AF_INET, socktype=socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+    """Returns an unused port that should be suitable for binding.  This is
+    achieved by creating a temporary socket with the same family and type as
+    the 'sock' parameter (default is AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM), and binding it to
+    the specified host address (defaults to 0.0.0.0) with the port set to 0,
+    eliciting an unused ephemeral port from the OS.  The temporary socket is
+    then closed and deleted, and the ephemeral port is returned.
+
+    Either this method or bind_port() should be used for any tests where a
+    server socket needs to be bound to a particular port for the duration of
+    the test.  Which one to use depends on whether the calling code is creating
+    a python socket, or if an unused port needs to be provided in a constructor
+    or passed to an external program (i.e. the -accept argument to openssl's
+    s_server mode).  Always prefer bind_port() over find_unused_port() where
+    possible.  Hard coded ports should *NEVER* be used.  As soon as a server
+    socket is bound to a hard coded port, the ability to run multiple instances
+    of the test simultaneously on the same host is compromised, which makes the
+    test a ticking time bomb in a buildbot environment. On Unix buildbots, this
+    may simply manifest as a failed test, which can be recovered from without
+    intervention in most cases, but on Windows, the entire python process can
+    completely and utterly wedge, requiring someone to log in to the buildbot
+    and manually kill the affected process.
+
+    (This is easy to reproduce on Windows, unfortunately, and can be traced to
+    the SO_REUSEADDR socket option having different semantics on Windows versus
+    Unix/Linux.  On Unix, you can't have two AF_INET SOCK_STREAM sockets bind,
+    listen and then accept connections on identical host/ports.  An EADDRINUSE
+    socket.error will be raised at some point (depending on the platform and
+    the order bind and listen were called on each socket).
+
+    However, on Windows, if SO_REUSEADDR is set on the sockets, no EADDRINUSE
+    will ever be raised when attempting to bind two identical host/ports. When
+    accept() is called on each socket, the second caller's process will steal
+    the port from the first caller, leaving them both in an awkwardly wedged
+    state where they'll no longer respond to any signals or graceful kills, and
+    must be forcibly killed via OpenProcess()/TerminateProcess().
+
+    The solution on Windows is to use the SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE socket option
+    instead of SO_REUSEADDR, which effectively affords the same semantics as
+    SO_REUSEADDR on Unix.  Given the propensity of Unix developers in the Open
+    Source world compared to Windows ones, this is a common mistake.  A quick
+    look over OpenSSL's 0.9.8g source shows that they use SO_REUSEADDR when
+    openssl.exe is called with the 's_server' option, for example. See
+    http://bugs.python.org/issue2550 for more info.  The following site also
+    has a very thorough description about the implications of both REUSEADDR
+    and EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE on Windows:
+    http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms740621(VS.85).aspx)
+
+    XXX: although this approach is a vast improvement on previous attempts to
+    elicit unused ports, it rests heavily on the assumption that the ephemeral
+    port returned to us by the OS won't immediately be dished back out to some
+    other process when we close and delete our temporary socket but before our
+    calling code has a chance to bind the returned port.  We can deal with this
+    issue if/when we come across it.
+    """
+
+    tempsock = socket.socket(family, socktype)
+    port = bind_port(tempsock)
+    tempsock.close()
+    del tempsock
+    return port
+
+def bind_port(sock, host=HOST):
+    """Bind the socket to a free port and return the port number.  Relies on
+    ephemeral ports in order to ensure we are using an unbound port.  This is
+    important as many tests may be running simultaneously, especially in a
+    buildbot environment.  This method raises an exception if the sock.family
+    is AF_INET and sock.type is SOCK_STREAM, *and* the socket has SO_REUSEADDR
+    or SO_REUSEPORT set on it.  Tests should *never* set these socket options
+    for TCP/IP sockets.  The only case for setting these options is testing
+    multicasting via multiple UDP sockets.
+
+    Additionally, if the SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE socket option is available (i.e.
+    on Windows), it will be set on the socket.  This will prevent anyone else
+    from bind()'ing to our host/port for the duration of the test.
+    """
+
+    if sock.family == socket.AF_INET and sock.type == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
+        if hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEADDR'):
+            if sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR) == 1:
+                raise TestFailed("tests should never set the SO_REUSEADDR "   \
+                                 "socket option on TCP/IP sockets!")
+        if hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT'):
+            try:
+                if sock.getsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT) == 1:
+                    raise TestFailed("tests should never set the SO_REUSEPORT "   \
+                                     "socket option on TCP/IP sockets!")
+            except socket.error:
+                # Python's socket module was compiled using modern headers
+                # thus defining SO_REUSEPORT but this process is running
+                # under an older kernel that does not support SO_REUSEPORT.
+                pass
+        if hasattr(socket, 'SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE'):
+            sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE, 1)
+
+    sock.bind((host, 0))
+    port = sock.getsockname()[1]
+    return port
+
+def _is_ipv6_enabled():
+    """Check whether IPv6 is enabled on this host."""
+    if socket.has_ipv6:
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            sock.bind(('::1', 0))
+            return True
+        except (socket.error, socket.gaierror):
+            pass
+        finally:
+            if sock:
+                sock.close()
+    return False
+
+IPV6_ENABLED = _is_ipv6_enabled()
+
+
+# A constant likely larger than the underlying OS pipe buffer size, to
+# make writes blocking.
+# Windows limit seems to be around 512 B, and many Unix kernels have a
+# 64 KiB pipe buffer size or 16 * PAGE_SIZE: take a few megs to be sure.
+# (see issue #17835 for a discussion of this number).
+PIPE_MAX_SIZE = 4 * 1024 * 1024 + 1
+
+# A constant likely larger than the underlying OS socket buffer size, to make
+# writes blocking.
+# The socket buffer sizes can usually be tuned system-wide (e.g. through sysctl
+# on Linux), or on a per-socket basis (SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF). See issue #18643
+# for a discussion of this number).
+SOCK_MAX_SIZE = 16 * 1024 * 1024 + 1
+
+# # decorator for skipping tests on non-IEEE 754 platforms
+# requires_IEEE_754 = unittest.skipUnless(
+#     float.__getformat__("double").startswith("IEEE"),
+#     "test requires IEEE 754 doubles")
+
+requires_zlib = unittest.skipUnless(zlib, 'requires zlib')
+
+requires_bz2 = unittest.skipUnless(bz2, 'requires bz2')
+
+requires_lzma = unittest.skipUnless(lzma, 'requires lzma')
+
+is_jython = sys.platform.startswith('java')
+
+# Filename used for testing
+if os.name == 'java':
+    # Jython disallows @ in module names
+    TESTFN = '$test'
+else:
+    TESTFN = '@test'
+
+# Disambiguate TESTFN for parallel testing, while letting it remain a valid
+# module name.
+TESTFN = "{0}_{1}_tmp".format(TESTFN, os.getpid())
+
+# # FS_NONASCII: non-ASCII character encodable by os.fsencode(),
+# # or None if there is no such character.
+# FS_NONASCII = None
+# for character in (
+#     # First try printable and common characters to have a readable filename.
+#     # For each character, the encoding list are just example of encodings able
+#     # to encode the character (the list is not exhaustive).
+#
+#     # U+00E6 (Latin Small Letter Ae): cp1252, iso-8859-1
+#     '\u00E6',
+#     # U+0130 (Latin Capital Letter I With Dot Above): cp1254, iso8859_3
+#     '\u0130',
+#     # U+0141 (Latin Capital Letter L With Stroke): cp1250, cp1257
+#     '\u0141',
+#     # U+03C6 (Greek Small Letter Phi): cp1253
+#     '\u03C6',
+#     # U+041A (Cyrillic Capital Letter Ka): cp1251
+#     '\u041A',
+#     # U+05D0 (Hebrew Letter Alef): Encodable to cp424
+#     '\u05D0',
+#     # U+060C (Arabic Comma): cp864, cp1006, iso8859_6, mac_arabic
+#     '\u060C',
+#     # U+062A (Arabic Letter Teh): cp720
+#     '\u062A',
+#     # U+0E01 (Thai Character Ko Kai): cp874
+#     '\u0E01',
+#
+#     # Then try more "special" characters. "special" because they may be
+#     # interpreted or displayed differently depending on the exact locale
+#     # encoding and the font.
+#
+#     # U+00A0 (No-Break Space)
+#     '\u00A0',
+#     # U+20AC (Euro Sign)
+#     '\u20AC',
+# ):
+#     try:
+#         os.fsdecode(os.fsencode(character))
+#     except UnicodeError:
+#         pass
+#     else:
+#         FS_NONASCII = character
+#         break
+#
+# # TESTFN_UNICODE is a non-ascii filename
+# TESTFN_UNICODE = TESTFN + "-\xe0\xf2\u0258\u0141\u011f"
+# if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+#     # In Mac OS X's VFS API file names are, by definition, canonically
+#     # decomposed Unicode, encoded using UTF-8. See QA1173:
+#     # http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/qa/qa2001/qa1173.html
+#     import unicodedata
+#     TESTFN_UNICODE = unicodedata.normalize('NFD', TESTFN_UNICODE)
+# TESTFN_ENCODING = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+#
+# # TESTFN_UNENCODABLE is a filename (str type) that should *not* be able to be
+# # encoded by the filesystem encoding (in strict mode). It can be None if we
+# # cannot generate such filename.
+# TESTFN_UNENCODABLE = None
+# if os.name in ('nt', 'ce'):
+#     # skip win32s (0) or Windows 9x/ME (1)
+#     if sys.getwindowsversion().platform >= 2:
+#         # Different kinds of characters from various languages to minimize the
+#         # probability that the whole name is encodable to MBCS (issue #9819)
+#         TESTFN_UNENCODABLE = TESTFN + "-\u5171\u0141\u2661\u0363\uDC80"
+#         try:
+#             TESTFN_UNENCODABLE.encode(TESTFN_ENCODING)
+#         except UnicodeEncodeError:
+#             pass
+#         else:
+#             print('WARNING: The filename %r CAN be encoded by the filesystem encoding (%s). '
+#                   'Unicode filename tests may not be effective'
+#                   % (TESTFN_UNENCODABLE, TESTFN_ENCODING))
+#             TESTFN_UNENCODABLE = None
+# # Mac OS X denies unencodable filenames (invalid utf-8)
+# elif sys.platform != 'darwin':
+#     try:
+#         # ascii and utf-8 cannot encode the byte 0xff
+#         b'\xff'.decode(TESTFN_ENCODING)
+#     except UnicodeDecodeError:
+#         # 0xff will be encoded using the surrogate character u+DCFF
+#         TESTFN_UNENCODABLE = TESTFN \
+#             + b'-\xff'.decode(TESTFN_ENCODING, 'surrogateescape')
+#     else:
+#         # File system encoding (eg. ISO-8859-* encodings) can encode
+#         # the byte 0xff. Skip some unicode filename tests.
+#         pass
+#
+# # TESTFN_UNDECODABLE is a filename (bytes type) that should *not* be able to be
+# # decoded from the filesystem encoding (in strict mode). It can be None if we
+# # cannot generate such filename (ex: the latin1 encoding can decode any byte
+# # sequence). On UNIX, TESTFN_UNDECODABLE can be decoded by os.fsdecode() thanks
+# # to the surrogateescape error handler (PEP 383), but not from the filesystem
+# # encoding in strict mode.
+# TESTFN_UNDECODABLE = None
+# for name in (
+#     # b'\xff' is not decodable by os.fsdecode() with code page 932. Windows
+#     # accepts it to create a file or a directory, or don't accept to enter to
+#     # such directory (when the bytes name is used). So test b'\xe7' first: it is
+#     # not decodable from cp932.
+#     b'\xe7w\xf0',
+#     # undecodable from ASCII, UTF-8
+#     b'\xff',
+#     # undecodable from iso8859-3, iso8859-6, iso8859-7, cp424, iso8859-8, cp856
+#     # and cp857
+#     b'\xae\xd5'
+#     # undecodable from UTF-8 (UNIX and Mac OS X)
+#     b'\xed\xb2\x80', b'\xed\xb4\x80',
+#     # undecodable from shift_jis, cp869, cp874, cp932, cp1250, cp1251, cp1252,
+#     # cp1253, cp1254, cp1255, cp1257, cp1258
+#     b'\x81\x98',
+# ):
+#     try:
+#         name.decode(TESTFN_ENCODING)
+#     except UnicodeDecodeError:
+#         TESTFN_UNDECODABLE = os.fsencode(TESTFN) + name
+#         break
+#
+# if FS_NONASCII:
+#     TESTFN_NONASCII = TESTFN + '-' + FS_NONASCII
+# else:
+#     TESTFN_NONASCII = None
+
+# Save the initial cwd
+SAVEDCWD = os.getcwd()
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def temp_cwd(name='tempcwd', quiet=False, path=None):
+    """
+    Context manager that temporarily changes the CWD.
+
+    An existing path may be provided as *path*, in which case this
+    function makes no changes to the file system.
+
+    Otherwise, the new CWD is created in the current directory and it's
+    named *name*. If *quiet* is False (default) and it's not possible to
+    create or change the CWD, an error is raised.  If it's True, only a
+    warning is raised and the original CWD is used.
+    """
+    saved_dir = os.getcwd()
+    is_temporary = False
+    if path is None:
+        path = name
+        try:
+            os.mkdir(name)
+            is_temporary = True
+        except OSError:
+            if not quiet:
+                raise
+            warnings.warn('tests may fail, unable to create temp CWD ' + name,
+                          RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=3)
+    try:
+        os.chdir(path)
+    except OSError:
+        if not quiet:
+            raise
+        warnings.warn('tests may fail, unable to change the CWD to ' + path,
+                      RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=3)
+    try:
+        yield os.getcwd()
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(saved_dir)
+        if is_temporary:
+            rmtree(name)
+
+
+if hasattr(os, "umask"):
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def temp_umask(umask):
+        """Context manager that temporarily sets the process umask."""
+        oldmask = os.umask(umask)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            os.umask(oldmask)
+
+
+def findfile(file, here=__file__, subdir=None):
+    """Try to find a file on sys.path and the working directory.  If it is not
+    found the argument passed to the function is returned (this does not
+    necessarily signal failure; could still be the legitimate path)."""
+    if os.path.isabs(file):
+        return file
+    if subdir is not None:
+        file = os.path.join(subdir, file)
+    path = sys.path
+    path = [os.path.dirname(here)] + path
+    for dn in path:
+        fn = os.path.join(dn, file)
+        if os.path.exists(fn): return fn
+    return file
+
+def create_empty_file(filename):
+    """Create an empty file. If the file already exists, truncate it."""
+    fd = os.open(filename, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC)
+    os.close(fd)
+
+def sortdict(dict):
+    "Like repr(dict), but in sorted order."
+    items = sorted(dict.items())
+    reprpairs = ["%r: %r" % pair for pair in items]
+    withcommas = ", ".join(reprpairs)
+    return "{%s}" % withcommas
+
+def make_bad_fd():
+    """
+    Create an invalid file descriptor by opening and closing a file and return
+    its fd.
+    """
+    file = open(TESTFN, "wb")
+    try:
+        return file.fileno()
+    finally:
+        file.close()
+        unlink(TESTFN)
+
+def check_syntax_error(testcase, statement):
+    testcase.assertRaises(SyntaxError, compile, statement,
+                          '<test string>', 'exec')
+
+def open_urlresource(url, *args, **kw):
+    from future.backports.urllib import (request as urllib_request,
+                                         parse as urllib_parse)
+
+    check = kw.pop('check', None)
+
+    filename = urllib_parse.urlparse(url)[2].split('/')[-1] # '/': it's URL!
+
+    fn = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "data", filename)
+
+    def check_valid_file(fn):
+        f = open(fn, *args, **kw)
+        if check is None:
+            return f
+        elif check(f):
+            f.seek(0)
+            return f
+        f.close()
+
+    if os.path.exists(fn):
+        f = check_valid_file(fn)
+        if f is not None:
+            return f
+        unlink(fn)
+
+    # Verify the requirement before downloading the file
+    requires('urlfetch')
+
+    print('\tfetching %s ...' % url, file=get_original_stdout())
+    f = urllib_request.urlopen(url, timeout=15)
+    try:
+        with open(fn, "wb") as out:
+            s = f.read()
+            while s:
+                out.write(s)
+                s = f.read()
+    finally:
+        f.close()
+
+    f = check_valid_file(fn)
+    if f is not None:
+        return f
+    raise TestFailed('invalid resource %r' % fn)
+
+
+class WarningsRecorder(object):
+    """Convenience wrapper for the warnings list returned on
+       entry to the warnings.catch_warnings() context manager.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, warnings_list):
+        self._warnings = warnings_list
+        self._last = 0
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        if len(self._warnings) > self._last:
+            return getattr(self._warnings[-1], attr)
+        elif attr in warnings.WarningMessage._WARNING_DETAILS:
+            return None
+        raise AttributeError("%r has no attribute %r" % (self, attr))
+
+    @property
+    def warnings(self):
+        return self._warnings[self._last:]
+
+    def reset(self):
+        self._last = len(self._warnings)
+
+
+def _filterwarnings(filters, quiet=False):
+    """Catch the warnings, then check if all the expected
+    warnings have been raised and re-raise unexpected warnings.
+    If 'quiet' is True, only re-raise the unexpected warnings.
+    """
+    # Clear the warning registry of the calling module
+    # in order to re-raise the warnings.
+    frame = sys._getframe(2)
+    registry = frame.f_globals.get('__warningregistry__')
+    if registry:
+        if utils.PY3:
+            registry.clear()
+        else:
+            # Py2-compatible:
+            for i in range(len(registry)):
+                registry.pop()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        # Set filter "always" to record all warnings.  Because
+        # test_warnings swap the module, we need to look up in
+        # the sys.modules dictionary.
+        sys.modules['warnings'].simplefilter("always")
+        yield WarningsRecorder(w)
+    # Filter the recorded warnings
+    reraise = list(w)
+    missing = []
+    for msg, cat in filters:
+        seen = False
+        for w in reraise[:]:
+            warning = w.message
+            # Filter out the matching messages
+            if (re.match(msg, str(warning), re.I) and
+                issubclass(warning.__class__, cat)):
+                seen = True
+                reraise.remove(w)
+        if not seen and not quiet:
+            # This filter caught nothing
+            missing.append((msg, cat.__name__))
+    if reraise:
+        raise AssertionError("unhandled warning %s" % reraise[0])
+    if missing:
+        raise AssertionError("filter (%r, %s) did not catch any warning" %
+                             missing[0])
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def check_warnings(*filters, **kwargs):
+    """Context manager to silence warnings.
+
+    Accept 2-tuples as positional arguments:
+        ("message regexp", WarningCategory)
+
+    Optional argument:
+     - if 'quiet' is True, it does not fail if a filter catches nothing
+        (default True without argument,
+         default False if some filters are defined)
+
+    Without argument, it defaults to:
+        check_warnings(("", Warning), quiet=True)
+    """
+    quiet = kwargs.get('quiet')
+    if not filters:
+        filters = (("", Warning),)
+        # Preserve backward compatibility
+        if quiet is None:
+            quiet = True
+    return _filterwarnings(filters, quiet)
+
+
+class CleanImport(object):
+    """Context manager to force import to return a new module reference.
+
+    This is useful for testing module-level behaviours, such as
+    the emission of a DeprecationWarning on import.
+
+    Use like this:
+
+        with CleanImport("foo"):
+            importlib.import_module("foo") # new reference
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *module_names):
+        self.original_modules = sys.modules.copy()
+        for module_name in module_names:
+            if module_name in sys.modules:
+                module = sys.modules[module_name]
+                # It is possible that module_name is just an alias for
+                # another module (e.g. stub for modules renamed in 3.x).
+                # In that case, we also need delete the real module to clear
+                # the import cache.
+                if module.__name__ != module_name:
+                    del sys.modules[module.__name__]
+                del sys.modules[module_name]
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *ignore_exc):
+        sys.modules.update(self.original_modules)
+
+### Added for python-future:
+if utils.PY3:
+    import collections.abc
+    mybase = collections.abc.MutableMapping
+else:
+    import UserDict
+    mybase = UserDict.DictMixin
+###
+
+class EnvironmentVarGuard(mybase):
+
+    """Class to help protect the environment variable properly.  Can be used as
+    a context manager."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._environ = os.environ
+        self._changed = {}
+
+    def __getitem__(self, envvar):
+        return self._environ[envvar]
+
+    def __setitem__(self, envvar, value):
+        # Remember the initial value on the first access
+        if envvar not in self._changed:
+            self._changed[envvar] = self._environ.get(envvar)
+        self._environ[envvar] = value
+
+    def __delitem__(self, envvar):
+        # Remember the initial value on the first access
+        if envvar not in self._changed:
+            self._changed[envvar] = self._environ.get(envvar)
+        if envvar in self._environ:
+            del self._environ[envvar]
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return self._environ.keys()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._environ)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._environ)
+
+    def set(self, envvar, value):
+        self[envvar] = value
+
+    def unset(self, envvar):
+        del self[envvar]
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *ignore_exc):
+        for (k, v) in self._changed.items():
+            if v is None:
+                if k in self._environ:
+                    del self._environ[k]
+            else:
+                self._environ[k] = v
+        os.environ = self._environ
+
+
+class DirsOnSysPath(object):
+    """Context manager to temporarily add directories to sys.path.
+
+    This makes a copy of sys.path, appends any directories given
+    as positional arguments, then reverts sys.path to the copied
+    settings when the context ends.
+
+    Note that *all* sys.path modifications in the body of the
+    context manager, including replacement of the object,
+    will be reverted at the end of the block.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *paths):
+        self.original_value = sys.path[:]
+        self.original_object = sys.path
+        sys.path.extend(paths)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *ignore_exc):
+        sys.path = self.original_object
+        sys.path[:] = self.original_value
+
+
+class TransientResource(object):
+
+    """Raise ResourceDenied if an exception is raised while the context manager
+    is in effect that matches the specified exception and attributes."""
+
+    def __init__(self, exc, **kwargs):
+        self.exc = exc
+        self.attrs = kwargs
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, type_=None, value=None, traceback=None):
+        """If type_ is a subclass of self.exc and value has attributes matching
+        self.attrs, raise ResourceDenied.  Otherwise let the exception
+        propagate (if any)."""
+        if type_ is not None and issubclass(self.exc, type_):
+            for attr, attr_value in self.attrs.items():
+                if not hasattr(value, attr):
+                    break
+                if getattr(value, attr) != attr_value:
+                    break
+            else:
+                raise ResourceDenied("an optional resource is not available")
+
+# Context managers that raise ResourceDenied when various issues
+# with the Internet connection manifest themselves as exceptions.
+# XXX deprecate these and use transient_internet() instead
+time_out = TransientResource(IOError, errno=errno.ETIMEDOUT)
+socket_peer_reset = TransientResource(socket.error, errno=errno.ECONNRESET)
+ioerror_peer_reset = TransientResource(IOError, errno=errno.ECONNRESET)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def transient_internet(resource_name, timeout=30.0, errnos=()):
+    """Return a context manager that raises ResourceDenied when various issues
+    with the Internet connection manifest themselves as exceptions."""
+    default_errnos = [
+        ('ECONNREFUSED', 111),
+        ('ECONNRESET', 104),
+        ('EHOSTUNREACH', 113),
+        ('ENETUNREACH', 101),
+        ('ETIMEDOUT', 110),
+    ]
+    default_gai_errnos = [
+        ('EAI_AGAIN', -3),
+        ('EAI_FAIL', -4),
+        ('EAI_NONAME', -2),
+        ('EAI_NODATA', -5),
+        # Encountered when trying to resolve IPv6-only hostnames
+        ('WSANO_DATA', 11004),
+    ]
+
+    denied = ResourceDenied("Resource %r is not available" % resource_name)
+    captured_errnos = errnos
+    gai_errnos = []
+    if not captured_errnos:
+        captured_errnos = [getattr(errno, name, num)
+                           for (name, num) in default_errnos]
+        gai_errnos = [getattr(socket, name, num)
+                      for (name, num) in default_gai_errnos]
+
+    def filter_error(err):
+        n = getattr(err, 'errno', None)
+        if (isinstance(err, socket.timeout) or
+            (isinstance(err, socket.gaierror) and n in gai_errnos) or
+            n in captured_errnos):
+            if not verbose:
+                sys.stderr.write(denied.args[0] + "\n")
+            # Was: raise denied from err
+            # For Python-Future:
+            exc = denied
+            exc.__cause__ = err
+            raise exc
+
+    old_timeout = socket.getdefaulttimeout()
+    try:
+        if timeout is not None:
+            socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
+        yield
+    except IOError as err:
+        # urllib can wrap original socket errors multiple times (!), we must
+        # unwrap to get at the original error.
+        while True:
+            a = err.args
+            if len(a) >= 1 and isinstance(a[0], IOError):
+                err = a[0]
+            # The error can also be wrapped as args[1]:
+            #    except socket.error as msg:
+            #        raise IOError('socket error', msg).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
+            elif len(a) >= 2 and isinstance(a[1], IOError):
+                err = a[1]
+            else:
+                break
+        filter_error(err)
+        raise
+    # XXX should we catch generic exceptions and look for their
+    # __cause__ or __context__?
+    finally:
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(old_timeout)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def captured_output(stream_name):
+    """Return a context manager used by captured_stdout/stdin/stderr
+    that temporarily replaces the sys stream *stream_name* with a StringIO."""
+    import io
+    orig_stdout = getattr(sys, stream_name)
+    setattr(sys, stream_name, io.StringIO())
+    try:
+        yield getattr(sys, stream_name)
+    finally:
+        setattr(sys, stream_name, orig_stdout)
+
+def captured_stdout():
+    """Capture the output of sys.stdout:
+
+       with captured_stdout() as s:
+           print("hello")
+       self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), "hello")
+    """
+    return captured_output("stdout")
+
+def captured_stderr():
+    return captured_output("stderr")
+
+def captured_stdin():
+    return captured_output("stdin")
+
+
+def gc_collect():
+    """Force as many objects as possible to be collected.
+
+    In non-CPython implementations of Python, this is needed because timely
+    deallocation is not guaranteed by the garbage collector.  (Even in CPython
+    this can be the case in case of reference cycles.)  This means that __del__
+    methods may be called later than expected and weakrefs may remain alive for
+    longer than expected.  This function tries its best to force all garbage
+    objects to disappear.
+    """
+    gc.collect()
+    if is_jython:
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+    gc.collect()
+    gc.collect()
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def disable_gc():
+    have_gc = gc.isenabled()
+    gc.disable()
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if have_gc:
+            gc.enable()
+
+
+def python_is_optimized():
+    """Find if Python was built with optimizations."""
+    # We don't have sysconfig on Py2.6:
+    import sysconfig
+    cflags = sysconfig.get_config_var('PY_CFLAGS') or ''
+    final_opt = ""
+    for opt in cflags.split():
+        if opt.startswith('-O'):
+            final_opt = opt
+    return final_opt != '' and final_opt != '-O0'
+
+
+_header = 'nP'
+_align = '0n'
+if hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):
+    _header = '2P' + _header
+    _align = '0P'
+_vheader = _header + 'n'
+
+def calcobjsize(fmt):
+    return struct.calcsize(_header + fmt + _align)
+
+def calcvobjsize(fmt):
+    return struct.calcsize(_vheader + fmt + _align)
+
+
+_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC = 1<<14
+_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE = 1<<9
+
+def check_sizeof(test, o, size):
+    result = sys.getsizeof(o)
+    # add GC header size
+    if ((type(o) == type) and (o.__flags__ & _TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) or\
+        ((type(o) != type) and (type(o).__flags__ & _TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC))):
+        size += _testcapi.SIZEOF_PYGC_HEAD
+    msg = 'wrong size for %s: got %d, expected %d' \
+            % (type(o), result, size)
+    test.assertEqual(result, size, msg)
+
+#=======================================================================
+# Decorator for running a function in a different locale, correctly resetting
+# it afterwards.
+
+def run_with_locale(catstr, *locales):
+    def decorator(func):
+        def inner(*args, **kwds):
+            try:
+                import locale
+                category = getattr(locale, catstr)
+                orig_locale = locale.setlocale(category)
+            except AttributeError:
+                # if the test author gives us an invalid category string
+                raise
+            except:
+                # cannot retrieve original locale, so do nothing
+                locale = orig_locale = None
+            else:
+                for loc in locales:
+                    try:
+                        locale.setlocale(category, loc)
+                        break
+                    except:
+                        pass
+
+            # now run the function, resetting the locale on exceptions
+            try:
+                return func(*args, **kwds)
+            finally:
+                if locale and orig_locale:
+                    locale.setlocale(category, orig_locale)
+        inner.__name__ = func.__name__
+        inner.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+        return inner
+    return decorator
+
+#=======================================================================
+# Decorator for running a function in a specific timezone, correctly
+# resetting it afterwards.
+
+def run_with_tz(tz):
+    def decorator(func):
+        def inner(*args, **kwds):
+            try:
+                tzset = time.tzset
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise unittest.SkipTest("tzset required")
+            if 'TZ' in os.environ:
+                orig_tz = os.environ['TZ']
+            else:
+                orig_tz = None
+            os.environ['TZ'] = tz
+            tzset()
+
+            # now run the function, resetting the tz on exceptions
+            try:
+                return func(*args, **kwds)
+            finally:
+                if orig_tz is None:
+                    del os.environ['TZ']
+                else:
+                    os.environ['TZ'] = orig_tz
+                time.tzset()
+
+        inner.__name__ = func.__name__
+        inner.__doc__ = func.__doc__
+        return inner
+    return decorator
+
+#=======================================================================
+# Big-memory-test support. Separate from 'resources' because memory use
+# should be configurable.
+
+# Some handy shorthands. Note that these are used for byte-limits as well
+# as size-limits, in the various bigmem tests
+_1M = 1024*1024
+_1G = 1024 * _1M
+_2G = 2 * _1G
+_4G = 4 * _1G
+
+MAX_Py_ssize_t = sys.maxsize
+
+def set_memlimit(limit):
+    global max_memuse
+    global real_max_memuse
+    sizes = {
+        'k': 1024,
+        'm': _1M,
+        'g': _1G,
+        't': 1024*_1G,
+    }
+    m = re.match(r'(\d+(\.\d+)?) (K|M|G|T)b?$', limit,
+                 re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)
+    if m is None:
+        raise ValueError('Invalid memory limit %r' % (limit,))
+    memlimit = int(float(m.group(1)) * sizes[m.group(3).lower()])
+    real_max_memuse = memlimit
+    if memlimit > MAX_Py_ssize_t:
+        memlimit = MAX_Py_ssize_t
+    if memlimit < _2G - 1:
+        raise ValueError('Memory limit %r too low to be useful' % (limit,))
+    max_memuse = memlimit
+
+class _MemoryWatchdog(object):
+    """An object which periodically watches the process' memory consumption
+    and prints it out.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.procfile = '/proc/{pid}/statm'.format(pid=os.getpid())
+        self.started = False
+
+    def start(self):
+        try:
+            f = open(self.procfile, 'r')
+        except OSError as e:
+            warnings.warn('/proc not available for stats: {0}'.format(e),
+                          RuntimeWarning)
+            sys.stderr.flush()
+            return
+
+        watchdog_script = findfile("memory_watchdog.py")
+        self.mem_watchdog = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, watchdog_script],
+                                             stdin=f, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        f.close()
+        self.started = True
+
+    def stop(self):
+        if self.started:
+            self.mem_watchdog.terminate()
+            self.mem_watchdog.wait()
+
+
+def bigmemtest(size, memuse, dry_run=True):
+    """Decorator for bigmem tests.
+
+    'minsize' is the minimum useful size for the test (in arbitrary,
+    test-interpreted units.) 'memuse' is the number of 'bytes per size' for
+    the test, or a good estimate of it.
+
+    if 'dry_run' is False, it means the test doesn't support dummy runs
+    when -M is not specified.
+    """
+    def decorator(f):
+        def wrapper(self):
+            size = wrapper.size
+            memuse = wrapper.memuse
+            if not real_max_memuse:
+                maxsize = 5147
+            else:
+                maxsize = size
+
+            if ((real_max_memuse or not dry_run)
+                and real_max_memuse < maxsize * memuse):
+                raise unittest.SkipTest(
+                    "not enough memory: %.1fG minimum needed"
+                    % (size * memuse / (1024 ** 3)))
+
+            if real_max_memuse and verbose:
+                print()
+                print(" ... expected peak memory use: {peak:.1f}G"
+                      .format(peak=size * memuse / (1024 ** 3)))
+                watchdog = _MemoryWatchdog()
+                watchdog.start()
+            else:
+                watchdog = None
+
+            try:
+                return f(self, maxsize)
+            finally:
+                if watchdog:
+                    watchdog.stop()
+
+        wrapper.size = size
+        wrapper.memuse = memuse
+        return wrapper
+    return decorator
+
+def bigaddrspacetest(f):
+    """Decorator for tests that fill the address space."""
+    def wrapper(self):
+        if max_memuse < MAX_Py_ssize_t:
+            if MAX_Py_ssize_t >= 2**63 - 1 and max_memuse >= 2**31:
+                raise unittest.SkipTest(
+                    "not enough memory: try a 32-bit build instead")
+            else:
+                raise unittest.SkipTest(
+                    "not enough memory: %.1fG minimum needed"
+                    % (MAX_Py_ssize_t / (1024 ** 3)))
+        else:
+            return f(self)
+    return wrapper
+
+#=======================================================================
+# unittest integration.
+
+class BasicTestRunner(object):
+    def run(self, test):
+        result = unittest.TestResult()
+        test(result)
+        return result
+
+def _id(obj):
+    return obj
+
+def requires_resource(resource):
+    if resource == 'gui' and not _is_gui_available():
+        return unittest.skip("resource 'gui' is not available")
+    if is_resource_enabled(resource):
+        return _id
+    else:
+        return unittest.skip("resource {0!r} is not enabled".format(resource))
+
+def cpython_only(test):
+    """
+    Decorator for tests only applicable on CPython.
+    """
+    return impl_detail(cpython=True)(test)
+
+def impl_detail(msg=None, **guards):
+    if check_impl_detail(**guards):
+        return _id
+    if msg is None:
+        guardnames, default = _parse_guards(guards)
+        if default:
+            msg = "implementation detail not available on {0}"
+        else:
+            msg = "implementation detail specific to {0}"
+        guardnames = sorted(guardnames.keys())
+        msg = msg.format(' or '.join(guardnames))
+    return unittest.skip(msg)
+
+def _parse_guards(guards):
+    # Returns a tuple ({platform_name: run_me}, default_value)
+    if not guards:
+        return ({'cpython': True}, False)
+    is_true = list(guards.values())[0]
+    assert list(guards.values()) == [is_true] * len(guards)   # all True or all False
+    return (guards, not is_true)
+
+# Use the following check to guard CPython's implementation-specific tests --
+# or to run them only on the implementation(s) guarded by the arguments.
+def check_impl_detail(**guards):
+    """This function returns True or False depending on the host platform.
+       Examples:
+          if check_impl_detail():               # only on CPython (default)
+          if check_impl_detail(jython=True):    # only on Jython
+          if check_impl_detail(cpython=False):  # everywhere except on CPython
+    """
+    guards, default = _parse_guards(guards)
+    return guards.get(platform.python_implementation().lower(), default)
+
+
+def no_tracing(func):
+    """Decorator to temporarily turn off tracing for the duration of a test."""
+    if not hasattr(sys, 'gettrace'):
+        return func
+    else:
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            original_trace = sys.gettrace()
+            try:
+                sys.settrace(None)
+                return func(*args, **kwargs)
+            finally:
+                sys.settrace(original_trace)
+        return wrapper
+
+
+def refcount_test(test):
+    """Decorator for tests which involve reference counting.
+
+    To start, the decorator does not run the test if is not run by CPython.
+    After that, any trace function is unset during the test to prevent
+    unexpected refcounts caused by the trace function.
+
+    """
+    return no_tracing(cpython_only(test))
+
+
+def _filter_suite(suite, pred):
+    """Recursively filter test cases in a suite based on a predicate."""
+    newtests = []
+    for test in suite._tests:
+        if isinstance(test, unittest.TestSuite):
+            _filter_suite(test, pred)
+            newtests.append(test)
+        else:
+            if pred(test):
+                newtests.append(test)
+    suite._tests = newtests
+
+def _run_suite(suite):
+    """Run tests from a unittest.TestSuite-derived class."""
+    if verbose:
+        runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(sys.stdout, verbosity=2,
+                                         failfast=failfast)
+    else:
+        runner = BasicTestRunner()
+
+    result = runner.run(suite)
+    if not result.wasSuccessful():
+        if len(result.errors) == 1 and not result.failures:
+            err = result.errors[0][1]
+        elif len(result.failures) == 1 and not result.errors:
+            err = result.failures[0][1]
+        else:
+            err = "multiple errors occurred"
+            if not verbose: err += "; run in verbose mode for details"
+        raise TestFailed(err)
+
+
+def run_unittest(*classes):
+    """Run tests from unittest.TestCase-derived classes."""
+    valid_types = (unittest.TestSuite, unittest.TestCase)
+    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+    for cls in classes:
+        if isinstance(cls, str):
+            if cls in sys.modules:
+                suite.addTest(unittest.findTestCases(sys.modules[cls]))
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("str arguments must be keys in sys.modules")
+        elif isinstance(cls, valid_types):
+            suite.addTest(cls)
+        else:
+            suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(cls))
+    def case_pred(test):
+        if match_tests is None:
+            return True
+        for name in test.id().split("."):
+            if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(name, match_tests):
+                return True
+        return False
+    _filter_suite(suite, case_pred)
+    _run_suite(suite)
+
+# We don't have sysconfig on Py2.6:
+# #=======================================================================
+# # Check for the presence of docstrings.
+#
+# HAVE_DOCSTRINGS = (check_impl_detail(cpython=False) or
+#                    sys.platform == 'win32' or
+#                    sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_DOC_STRINGS'))
+#
+# requires_docstrings = unittest.skipUnless(HAVE_DOCSTRINGS,
+#                                           "test requires docstrings")
+#
+#
+# #=======================================================================
+# doctest driver.
+
+def run_doctest(module, verbosity=None, optionflags=0):
+    """Run doctest on the given module.  Return (#failures, #tests).
+
+    If optional argument verbosity is not specified (or is None), pass
+    support's belief about verbosity on to doctest.  Else doctest's
+    usual behavior is used (it searches sys.argv for -v).
+    """
+
+    import doctest
+
+    if verbosity is None:
+        verbosity = verbose
+    else:
+        verbosity = None
+
+    f, t = doctest.testmod(module, verbose=verbosity, optionflags=optionflags)
+    if f:
+        raise TestFailed("%d of %d doctests failed" % (f, t))
+    if verbose:
+        print('doctest (%s) ... %d tests with zero failures' %
+              (module.__name__, t))
+    return f, t
+
+
+#=======================================================================
+# Support for saving and restoring the imported modules.
+
+def modules_setup():
+    return sys.modules.copy(),
+
+def modules_cleanup(oldmodules):
+    # Encoders/decoders are registered permanently within the internal
+    # codec cache. If we destroy the corresponding modules their
+    # globals will be set to None which will trip up the cached functions.
+    encodings = [(k, v) for k, v in sys.modules.items()
+                 if k.startswith('encodings.')]
+    # Was:
+    # sys.modules.clear()
+    # Py2-compatible:
+    for i in range(len(sys.modules)):
+        sys.modules.pop()
+
+    sys.modules.update(encodings)
+    # XXX: This kind of problem can affect more than just encodings. In particular
+    # extension modules (such as _ssl) don't cope with reloading properly.
+    # Really, test modules should be cleaning out the test specific modules they
+    # know they added (ala test_runpy) rather than relying on this function (as
+    # test_importhooks and test_pkg do currently).
+    # Implicitly imported *real* modules should be left alone (see issue 10556).
+    sys.modules.update(oldmodules)
+
+#=======================================================================
+# Backported versions of threading_setup() and threading_cleanup() which don't refer
+# to threading._dangling (not available on Py2.7).
+
+# Threading support to prevent reporting refleaks when running regrtest.py -R
+
+# NOTE: we use thread._count() rather than threading.enumerate() (or the
+# moral equivalent thereof) because a threading.Thread object is still alive
+# until its __bootstrap() method has returned, even after it has been
+# unregistered from the threading module.
+# thread._count(), on the other hand, only gets decremented *after* the
+# __bootstrap() method has returned, which gives us reliable reference counts
+# at the end of a test run.
+
+def threading_setup():
+    if _thread:
+        return _thread._count(),
+    else:
+        return 1,
+
+def threading_cleanup(nb_threads):
+    if not _thread:
+        return
+
+    _MAX_COUNT = 10
+    for count in range(_MAX_COUNT):
+        n = _thread._count()
+        if n == nb_threads:
+            break
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+    # XXX print a warning in case of failure?
+
+def reap_threads(func):
+    """Use this function when threads are being used.  This will
+    ensure that the threads are cleaned up even when the test fails.
+    If threading is unavailable this function does nothing.
+    """
+    if not _thread:
+        return func
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def decorator(*args):
+        key = threading_setup()
+        try:
+            return func(*args)
+        finally:
+            threading_cleanup(*key)
+    return decorator
+
+def reap_children():
+    """Use this function at the end of test_main() whenever sub-processes
+    are started.  This will help ensure that no extra children (zombies)
+    stick around to hog resources and create problems when looking
+    for refleaks.
+    """
+
+    # Reap all our dead child processes so we don't leave zombies around.
+    # These hog resources and might be causing some of the buildbots to die.
+    if hasattr(os, 'waitpid'):
+        any_process = -1
+        while True:
+            try:
+                # This will raise an exception on Windows.  That's ok.
+                pid, status = os.waitpid(any_process, os.WNOHANG)
+                if pid == 0:
+                    break
+            except:
+                break
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def swap_attr(obj, attr, new_val):
+    """Temporary swap out an attribute with a new object.
+
+    Usage:
+        with swap_attr(obj, "attr", 5):
+            ...
+
+        This will set obj.attr to 5 for the duration of the with: block,
+        restoring the old value at the end of the block. If `attr` doesn't
+        exist on `obj`, it will be created and then deleted at the end of the
+        block.
+    """
+    if hasattr(obj, attr):
+        real_val = getattr(obj, attr)
+        setattr(obj, attr, new_val)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            setattr(obj, attr, real_val)
+    else:
+        setattr(obj, attr, new_val)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            delattr(obj, attr)
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def swap_item(obj, item, new_val):
+    """Temporary swap out an item with a new object.
+
+    Usage:
+        with swap_item(obj, "item", 5):
+            ...
+
+        This will set obj["item"] to 5 for the duration of the with: block,
+        restoring the old value at the end of the block. If `item` doesn't
+        exist on `obj`, it will be created and then deleted at the end of the
+        block.
+    """
+    if item in obj:
+        real_val = obj[item]
+        obj[item] = new_val
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            obj[item] = real_val
+    else:
+        obj[item] = new_val
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            del obj[item]
+
+def strip_python_stderr(stderr):
+    """Strip the stderr of a Python process from potential debug output
+    emitted by the interpreter.
+
+    This will typically be run on the result of the communicate() method
+    of a subprocess.Popen object.
+    """
+    stderr = re.sub(br"\[\d+ refs\]\r?\n?", b"", stderr).strip()
+    return stderr
+
+def args_from_interpreter_flags():
+    """Return a list of command-line arguments reproducing the current
+    settings in sys.flags and sys.warnoptions."""
+    return subprocess._args_from_interpreter_flags()
+
+#============================================================
+# Support for assertions about logging.
+#============================================================
+
+class TestHandler(logging.handlers.BufferingHandler):
+    def __init__(self, matcher):
+        # BufferingHandler takes a "capacity" argument
+        # so as to know when to flush. As we're overriding
+        # shouldFlush anyway, we can set a capacity of zero.
+        # You can call flush() manually to clear out the
+        # buffer.
+        logging.handlers.BufferingHandler.__init__(self, 0)
+        self.matcher = matcher
+
+    def shouldFlush(self):
+        return False
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        self.format(record)
+        self.buffer.append(record.__dict__)
+
+    def matches(self, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Look for a saved dict whose keys/values match the supplied arguments.
+        """
+        result = False
+        for d in self.buffer:
+            if self.matcher.matches(d, **kwargs):
+                result = True
+                break
+        return result
+
+class Matcher(object):
+
+    _partial_matches = ('msg', 'message')
+
+    def matches(self, d, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Try to match a single dict with the supplied arguments.
+
+        Keys whose values are strings and which are in self._partial_matches
+        will be checked for partial (i.e. substring) matches. You can extend
+        this scheme to (for example) do regular expression matching, etc.
+        """
+        result = True
+        for k in kwargs:
+            v = kwargs[k]
+            dv = d.get(k)
+            if not self.match_value(k, dv, v):
+                result = False
+                break
+        return result
+
+    def match_value(self, k, dv, v):
+        """
+        Try to match a single stored value (dv) with a supplied value (v).
+        """
+        if type(v) != type(dv):
+            result = False
+        elif type(dv) is not str or k not in self._partial_matches:
+            result = (v == dv)
+        else:
+            result = dv.find(v) >= 0
+        return result
+
+
+_can_symlink = None
+def can_symlink():
+    global _can_symlink
+    if _can_symlink is not None:
+        return _can_symlink
+    symlink_path = TESTFN + "can_symlink"
+    try:
+        os.symlink(TESTFN, symlink_path)
+        can = True
+    except (OSError, NotImplementedError, AttributeError):
+        can = False
+    else:
+        os.remove(symlink_path)
+    _can_symlink = can
+    return can
+
+def skip_unless_symlink(test):
+    """Skip decorator for tests that require functional symlink"""
+    ok = can_symlink()
+    msg = "Requires functional symlink implementation"
+    return test if ok else unittest.skip(msg)(test)
+
+_can_xattr = None
+def can_xattr():
+    global _can_xattr
+    if _can_xattr is not None:
+        return _can_xattr
+    if not hasattr(os, "setxattr"):
+        can = False
+    else:
+        tmp_fp, tmp_name = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        try:
+            with open(TESTFN, "wb") as fp:
+                try:
+                    # TESTFN & tempfile may use different file systems with
+                    # different capabilities
+                    os.setxattr(tmp_fp, b"user.test", b"")
+                    os.setxattr(fp.fileno(), b"user.test", b"")
+                    # Kernels < 2.6.39 don't respect setxattr flags.
+                    kernel_version = platform.release()
+                    m = re.match("2.6.(\d{1,2})", kernel_version)
+                    can = m is None or int(m.group(1)) >= 39
+                except OSError:
+                    can = False
+        finally:
+            unlink(TESTFN)
+            unlink(tmp_name)
+    _can_xattr = can
+    return can
+
+def skip_unless_xattr(test):
+    """Skip decorator for tests that require functional extended attributes"""
+    ok = can_xattr()
+    msg = "no non-broken extended attribute support"
+    return test if ok else unittest.skip(msg)(test)
+
+
+if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def suppress_crash_popup():
+        """Disable Windows Error Reporting dialogs using SetErrorMode."""
+        # see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+        # GetErrorMode is not available on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003,
+        # but SetErrorMode returns the previous value, so we can use that
+        import ctypes
+        k32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
+        SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX = 0x02
+        old_error_mode = k32.SetErrorMode(SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX)
+        k32.SetErrorMode(old_error_mode | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            k32.SetErrorMode(old_error_mode)
+else:
+    # this is a no-op for other platforms
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def suppress_crash_popup():
+        yield
+
+
+def patch(test_instance, object_to_patch, attr_name, new_value):
+    """Override 'object_to_patch'.'attr_name' with 'new_value'.
+
+    Also, add a cleanup procedure to 'test_instance' to restore
+    'object_to_patch' value for 'attr_name'.
+    The 'attr_name' should be a valid attribute for 'object_to_patch'.
+
+    """
+    # check that 'attr_name' is a real attribute for 'object_to_patch'
+    # will raise AttributeError if it does not exist
+    getattr(object_to_patch, attr_name)
+
+    # keep a copy of the old value
+    attr_is_local = False
+    try:
+        old_value = object_to_patch.__dict__[attr_name]
+    except (AttributeError, KeyError):
+        old_value = getattr(object_to_patch, attr_name, None)
+    else:
+        attr_is_local = True
+
+    # restore the value when the test is done
+    def cleanup():
+        if attr_is_local:
+            setattr(object_to_patch, attr_name, old_value)
+        else:
+            delattr(object_to_patch, attr_name)
+
+    test_instance.addCleanup(cleanup)
+
+    # actually override the attribute
+    setattr(object_to_patch, attr_name, new_value)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/total_ordering.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/total_ordering.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..760f06d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/total_ordering.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""
+For Python < 2.7.2. total_ordering in versions prior to 2.7.2 is buggy.
+See http://bugs.python.org/issue10042 for details. For these versions use
+code borrowed from Python 2.7.3.
+
+From django.utils.
+"""
+
+import sys
+if sys.version_info >= (2, 7, 2):
+    from functools import total_ordering
+else:
+    def total_ordering(cls):
+        """Class decorator that fills in missing ordering methods"""
+        convert = {
+            '__lt__': [('__gt__', lambda self, other: not (self < other or self == other)),
+                       ('__le__', lambda self, other: self < other or self == other),
+                       ('__ge__', lambda self, other: not self < other)],
+            '__le__': [('__ge__', lambda self, other: not self <= other or self == other),
+                       ('__lt__', lambda self, other: self <= other and not self == other),
+                       ('__gt__', lambda self, other: not self <= other)],
+            '__gt__': [('__lt__', lambda self, other: not (self > other or self == other)),
+                       ('__ge__', lambda self, other: self > other or self == other),
+                       ('__le__', lambda self, other: not self > other)],
+            '__ge__': [('__le__', lambda self, other: (not self >= other) or self == other),
+                       ('__gt__', lambda self, other: self >= other and not self == other),
+                       ('__lt__', lambda self, other: not self >= other)]
+        }
+        roots = set(dir(cls)) & set(convert)
+        if not roots:
+            raise ValueError('must define at least one ordering operation: < > <= >=')
+        root = max(roots)       # prefer __lt__ to __le__ to __gt__ to __ge__
+        for opname, opfunc in convert[root]:
+            if opname not in roots:
+                opfunc.__name__ = opname
+                opfunc.__doc__ = getattr(int, opname).__doc__
+                setattr(cls, opname, opfunc)
+        return cls
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/error.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/error.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a473e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""Exception classes raised by urllib.
+
+The base exception class is URLError, which inherits from IOError.  It
+doesn't define any behavior of its own, but is the base class for all
+exceptions defined in this package.
+
+HTTPError is an exception class that is also a valid HTTP response
+instance.  It behaves this way because HTTP protocol errors are valid
+responses, with a status code, headers, and a body.  In some contexts,
+an application may want to handle an exception like a regular
+response.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future import standard_library
+
+from future.backports.urllib import response as urllib_response
+
+
+__all__ = ['URLError', 'HTTPError', 'ContentTooShortError']
+
+
+# do these error classes make sense?
+# make sure all of the IOError stuff is overridden.  we just want to be
+# subtypes.
+
+class URLError(IOError):
+    # URLError is a sub-type of IOError, but it doesn't share any of
+    # the implementation.  need to override __init__ and __str__.
+    # It sets self.args for compatibility with other EnvironmentError
+    # subclasses, but args doesn't have the typical format with errno in
+    # slot 0 and strerror in slot 1.  This may be better than nothing.
+    def __init__(self, reason, filename=None):
+        self.args = reason,
+        self.reason = reason
+        if filename is not None:
+            self.filename = filename
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<urlopen error %s>' % self.reason
+
+class HTTPError(URLError, urllib_response.addinfourl):
+    """Raised when HTTP error occurs, but also acts like non-error return"""
+    __super_init = urllib_response.addinfourl.__init__
+
+    def __init__(self, url, code, msg, hdrs, fp):
+        self.code = code
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.hdrs = hdrs
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.filename = url
+        # The addinfourl classes depend on fp being a valid file
+        # object.  In some cases, the HTTPError may not have a valid
+        # file object.  If this happens, the simplest workaround is to
+        # not initialize the base classes.
+        if fp is not None:
+            self.__super_init(fp, hdrs, url, code)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'HTTP Error %s: %s' % (self.code, self.msg)
+
+    # since URLError specifies a .reason attribute, HTTPError should also
+    #  provide this attribute. See issue13211 for discussion.
+    @property
+    def reason(self):
+        return self.msg
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self.hdrs
+
+
+# exception raised when downloaded size does not match content-length
+class ContentTooShortError(URLError):
+    def __init__(self, message, content):
+        URLError.__init__(self, message)
+        self.content = content
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/parse.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04e52d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+"""
+Ported using Python-Future from the Python 3.3 standard library.
+
+Parse (absolute and relative) URLs.
+
+urlparse module is based upon the following RFC specifications.
+
+RFC 3986 (STD66): "Uniform Resource Identifiers" by T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding
+and L.  Masinter, January 2005.
+
+RFC 2732 : "Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL's by R.Hinden, B.Carpenter
+and L.Masinter, December 1999.
+
+RFC 2396:  "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)": Generic Syntax by T.
+Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, August 1998.
+
+RFC 2368: "The mailto URL scheme", by P.Hoffman , L Masinter, J. Zawinski, July 1998.
+
+RFC 1808: "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", by R. Fielding, UC Irvine, June
+1995.
+
+RFC 1738: "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)" by T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M.
+McCahill, December 1994
+
+RFC 3986 is considered the current standard and any future changes to
+urlparse module should conform with it.  The urlparse module is
+currently not entirely compliant with this RFC due to defacto
+scenarios for parsing, and for backward compatibility purposes, some
+parsing quirks from older RFCs are retained. The testcases in
+test_urlparse.py provides a good indicator of parsing behavior.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import bytes, chr, dict, int, range, str
+from future.utils import raise_with_traceback
+
+import re
+import sys
+import collections
+
+__all__ = ["urlparse", "urlunparse", "urljoin", "urldefrag",
+           "urlsplit", "urlunsplit", "urlencode", "parse_qs",
+           "parse_qsl", "quote", "quote_plus", "quote_from_bytes",
+           "unquote", "unquote_plus", "unquote_to_bytes"]
+
+# A classification of schemes ('' means apply by default)
+uses_relative = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'imap',
+                 'wais', 'file', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
+                 'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', '', 'sftp',
+                 'svn', 'svn+ssh']
+uses_netloc = ['ftp', 'http', 'gopher', 'nntp', 'telnet',
+               'imap', 'wais', 'file', 'mms', 'https', 'shttp',
+               'snews', 'prospero', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'rsync', '',
+               'svn', 'svn+ssh', 'sftp', 'nfs', 'git', 'git+ssh']
+uses_params = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'prospero', 'http', 'imap',
+               'https', 'shttp', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips',
+               'mms', '', 'sftp', 'tel']
+
+# These are not actually used anymore, but should stay for backwards
+# compatibility.  (They are undocumented, but have a public-looking name.)
+non_hierarchical = ['gopher', 'hdl', 'mailto', 'news',
+                    'telnet', 'wais', 'imap', 'snews', 'sip', 'sips']
+uses_query = ['http', 'wais', 'imap', 'https', 'shttp', 'mms',
+              'gopher', 'rtsp', 'rtspu', 'sip', 'sips', '']
+uses_fragment = ['ftp', 'hdl', 'http', 'gopher', 'news',
+                 'nntp', 'wais', 'https', 'shttp', 'snews',
+                 'file', 'prospero', '']
+
+# Characters valid in scheme names
+scheme_chars = ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+                'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
+                '0123456789'
+                '+-.')
+
+# XXX: Consider replacing with functools.lru_cache
+MAX_CACHE_SIZE = 20
+_parse_cache = {}
+
+def clear_cache():
+    """Clear the parse cache and the quoters cache."""
+    _parse_cache.clear()
+    _safe_quoters.clear()
+
+
+# Helpers for bytes handling
+# For 3.2, we deliberately require applications that
+# handle improperly quoted URLs to do their own
+# decoding and encoding. If valid use cases are
+# presented, we may relax this by using latin-1
+# decoding internally for 3.3
+_implicit_encoding = 'ascii'
+_implicit_errors = 'strict'
+
+def _noop(obj):
+    return obj
+
+def _encode_result(obj, encoding=_implicit_encoding,
+                        errors=_implicit_errors):
+    return obj.encode(encoding, errors)
+
+def _decode_args(args, encoding=_implicit_encoding,
+                       errors=_implicit_errors):
+    return tuple(x.decode(encoding, errors) if x else '' for x in args)
+
+def _coerce_args(*args):
+    # Invokes decode if necessary to create str args
+    # and returns the coerced inputs along with
+    # an appropriate result coercion function
+    #   - noop for str inputs
+    #   - encoding function otherwise
+    str_input = isinstance(args[0], str)
+    for arg in args[1:]:
+        # We special-case the empty string to support the
+        # "scheme=''" default argument to some functions
+        if arg and isinstance(arg, str) != str_input:
+            raise TypeError("Cannot mix str and non-str arguments")
+    if str_input:
+        return args + (_noop,)
+    return _decode_args(args) + (_encode_result,)
+
+# Result objects are more helpful than simple tuples
+class _ResultMixinStr(object):
+    """Standard approach to encoding parsed results from str to bytes"""
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def encode(self, encoding='ascii', errors='strict'):
+        return self._encoded_counterpart(*(x.encode(encoding, errors) for x in self))
+
+
+class _ResultMixinBytes(object):
+    """Standard approach to decoding parsed results from bytes to str"""
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def decode(self, encoding='ascii', errors='strict'):
+        return self._decoded_counterpart(*(x.decode(encoding, errors) for x in self))
+
+
+class _NetlocResultMixinBase(object):
+    """Shared methods for the parsed result objects containing a netloc element"""
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @property
+    def username(self):
+        return self._userinfo[0]
+
+    @property
+    def password(self):
+        return self._userinfo[1]
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self):
+        hostname = self._hostinfo[0]
+        if not hostname:
+            hostname = None
+        elif hostname is not None:
+            hostname = hostname.lower()
+        return hostname
+
+    @property
+    def port(self):
+        port = self._hostinfo[1]
+        if port is not None:
+            port = int(port, 10)
+            # Return None on an illegal port
+            if not ( 0 <= port <= 65535):
+                return None
+        return port
+
+
+class _NetlocResultMixinStr(_NetlocResultMixinBase, _ResultMixinStr):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @property
+    def _userinfo(self):
+        netloc = self.netloc
+        userinfo, have_info, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition('@')
+        if have_info:
+            username, have_password, password = userinfo.partition(':')
+            if not have_password:
+                password = None
+        else:
+            username = password = None
+        return username, password
+
+    @property
+    def _hostinfo(self):
+        netloc = self.netloc
+        _, _, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition('@')
+        _, have_open_br, bracketed = hostinfo.partition('[')
+        if have_open_br:
+            hostname, _, port = bracketed.partition(']')
+            _, have_port, port = port.partition(':')
+        else:
+            hostname, have_port, port = hostinfo.partition(':')
+        if not have_port:
+            port = None
+        return hostname, port
+
+
+class _NetlocResultMixinBytes(_NetlocResultMixinBase, _ResultMixinBytes):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    @property
+    def _userinfo(self):
+        netloc = self.netloc
+        userinfo, have_info, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition(b'@')
+        if have_info:
+            username, have_password, password = userinfo.partition(b':')
+            if not have_password:
+                password = None
+        else:
+            username = password = None
+        return username, password
+
+    @property
+    def _hostinfo(self):
+        netloc = self.netloc
+        _, _, hostinfo = netloc.rpartition(b'@')
+        _, have_open_br, bracketed = hostinfo.partition(b'[')
+        if have_open_br:
+            hostname, _, port = bracketed.partition(b']')
+            _, have_port, port = port.partition(b':')
+        else:
+            hostname, have_port, port = hostinfo.partition(b':')
+        if not have_port:
+            port = None
+        return hostname, port
+
+
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+_DefragResultBase = namedtuple('DefragResult', 'url fragment')
+_SplitResultBase = namedtuple('SplitResult', 'scheme netloc path query fragment')
+_ParseResultBase = namedtuple('ParseResult', 'scheme netloc path params query fragment')
+
+# For backwards compatibility, alias _NetlocResultMixinStr
+# ResultBase is no longer part of the documented API, but it is
+# retained since deprecating it isn't worth the hassle
+ResultBase = _NetlocResultMixinStr
+
+# Structured result objects for string data
+class DefragResult(_DefragResultBase, _ResultMixinStr):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    def geturl(self):
+        if self.fragment:
+            return self.url + '#' + self.fragment
+        else:
+            return self.url
+
+class SplitResult(_SplitResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinStr):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    def geturl(self):
+        return urlunsplit(self)
+
+class ParseResult(_ParseResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinStr):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    def geturl(self):
+        return urlunparse(self)
+
+# Structured result objects for bytes data
+class DefragResultBytes(_DefragResultBase, _ResultMixinBytes):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    def geturl(self):
+        if self.fragment:
+            return self.url + b'#' + self.fragment
+        else:
+            return self.url
+
+class SplitResultBytes(_SplitResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinBytes):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    def geturl(self):
+        return urlunsplit(self)
+
+class ParseResultBytes(_ParseResultBase, _NetlocResultMixinBytes):
+    __slots__ = ()
+    def geturl(self):
+        return urlunparse(self)
+
+# Set up the encode/decode result pairs
+def _fix_result_transcoding():
+    _result_pairs = (
+        (DefragResult, DefragResultBytes),
+        (SplitResult, SplitResultBytes),
+        (ParseResult, ParseResultBytes),
+    )
+    for _decoded, _encoded in _result_pairs:
+        _decoded._encoded_counterpart = _encoded
+        _encoded._decoded_counterpart = _decoded
+
+_fix_result_transcoding()
+del _fix_result_transcoding
+
+def urlparse(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
+    """Parse a URL into 6 components:
+    <scheme>://<netloc>/<path>;<params>?<query>#<fragment>
+    Return a 6-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment).
+    Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
+    (e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
+    url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
+    splitresult = urlsplit(url, scheme, allow_fragments)
+    scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment = splitresult
+    if scheme in uses_params and ';' in url:
+        url, params = _splitparams(url)
+    else:
+        params = ''
+    result = ParseResult(scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment)
+    return _coerce_result(result)
+
+def _splitparams(url):
+    if '/'  in url:
+        i = url.find(';', url.rfind('/'))
+        if i < 0:
+            return url, ''
+    else:
+        i = url.find(';')
+    return url[:i], url[i+1:]
+
+def _splitnetloc(url, start=0):
+    delim = len(url)   # position of end of domain part of url, default is end
+    for c in '/?#':    # look for delimiters; the order is NOT important
+        wdelim = url.find(c, start)        # find first of this delim
+        if wdelim >= 0:                    # if found
+            delim = min(delim, wdelim)     # use earliest delim position
+    return url[start:delim], url[delim:]   # return (domain, rest)
+
+def urlsplit(url, scheme='', allow_fragments=True):
+    """Parse a URL into 5 components:
+    <scheme>://<netloc>/<path>?<query>#<fragment>
+    Return a 5-tuple: (scheme, netloc, path, query, fragment).
+    Note that we don't break the components up in smaller bits
+    (e.g. netloc is a single string) and we don't expand % escapes."""
+    url, scheme, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url, scheme)
+    allow_fragments = bool(allow_fragments)
+    key = url, scheme, allow_fragments, type(url), type(scheme)
+    cached = _parse_cache.get(key, None)
+    if cached:
+        return _coerce_result(cached)
+    if len(_parse_cache) >= MAX_CACHE_SIZE: # avoid runaway growth
+        clear_cache()
+    netloc = query = fragment = ''
+    i = url.find(':')
+    if i > 0:
+        if url[:i] == 'http': # optimize the common case
+            scheme = url[:i].lower()
+            url = url[i+1:]
+            if url[:2] == '//':
+                netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
+                if (('[' in netloc and ']' not in netloc) or
+                        (']' in netloc and '[' not in netloc)):
+                    raise ValueError("Invalid IPv6 URL")
+            if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
+                url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
+            if '?' in url:
+                url, query = url.split('?', 1)
+            v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
+            _parse_cache[key] = v
+            return _coerce_result(v)
+        for c in url[:i]:
+            if c not in scheme_chars:
+                break
+        else:
+            # make sure "url" is not actually a port number (in which case
+            # "scheme" is really part of the path)
+            rest = url[i+1:]
+            if not rest or any(c not in '0123456789' for c in rest):
+                # not a port number
+                scheme, url = url[:i].lower(), rest
+
+    if url[:2] == '//':
+        netloc, url = _splitnetloc(url, 2)
+        if (('[' in netloc and ']' not in netloc) or
+                (']' in netloc and '[' not in netloc)):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid IPv6 URL")
+    if allow_fragments and '#' in url:
+        url, fragment = url.split('#', 1)
+    if '?' in url:
+        url, query = url.split('?', 1)
+    v = SplitResult(scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)
+    _parse_cache[key] = v
+    return _coerce_result(v)
+
+def urlunparse(components):
+    """Put a parsed URL back together again.  This may result in a
+    slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed
+    originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with an empty query
+    (the draft states that these are equivalent)."""
+    scheme, netloc, url, params, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
+                                                  _coerce_args(*components))
+    if params:
+        url = "%s;%s" % (url, params)
+    return _coerce_result(urlunsplit((scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment)))
+
+def urlunsplit(components):
+    """Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by urlsplit() into a
+    complete URL as a string. The data argument can be any five-item iterable.
+    This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that
+    was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ? with an
+    empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent)."""
+    scheme, netloc, url, query, fragment, _coerce_result = (
+                                          _coerce_args(*components))
+    if netloc or (scheme and scheme in uses_netloc and url[:2] != '//'):
+        if url and url[:1] != '/': url = '/' + url
+        url = '//' + (netloc or '') + url
+    if scheme:
+        url = scheme + ':' + url
+    if query:
+        url = url + '?' + query
+    if fragment:
+        url = url + '#' + fragment
+    return _coerce_result(url)
+
+def urljoin(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
+    """Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
+    interpretation of the latter."""
+    if not base:
+        return url
+    if not url:
+        return base
+    base, url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(base, url)
+    bscheme, bnetloc, bpath, bparams, bquery, bfragment = \
+            urlparse(base, '', allow_fragments)
+    scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment = \
+            urlparse(url, bscheme, allow_fragments)
+    if scheme != bscheme or scheme not in uses_relative:
+        return _coerce_result(url)
+    if scheme in uses_netloc:
+        if netloc:
+            return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
+                                              params, query, fragment)))
+        netloc = bnetloc
+    if path[:1] == '/':
+        return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
+                                          params, query, fragment)))
+    if not path and not params:
+        path = bpath
+        params = bparams
+        if not query:
+            query = bquery
+        return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path,
+                                          params, query, fragment)))
+    segments = bpath.split('/')[:-1] + path.split('/')
+    # XXX The stuff below is bogus in various ways...
+    if segments[-1] == '.':
+        segments[-1] = ''
+    while '.' in segments:
+        segments.remove('.')
+    while 1:
+        i = 1
+        n = len(segments) - 1
+        while i < n:
+            if (segments[i] == '..'
+                and segments[i-1] not in ('', '..')):
+                del segments[i-1:i+1]
+                break
+            i = i+1
+        else:
+            break
+    if segments == ['', '..']:
+        segments[-1] = ''
+    elif len(segments) >= 2 and segments[-1] == '..':
+        segments[-2:] = ['']
+    return _coerce_result(urlunparse((scheme, netloc, '/'.join(segments),
+                                      params, query, fragment)))
+
+def urldefrag(url):
+    """Removes any existing fragment from URL.
+
+    Returns a tuple of the defragmented URL and the fragment.  If
+    the URL contained no fragments, the second element is the
+    empty string.
+    """
+    url, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(url)
+    if '#' in url:
+        s, n, p, a, q, frag = urlparse(url)
+        defrag = urlunparse((s, n, p, a, q, ''))
+    else:
+        frag = ''
+        defrag = url
+    return _coerce_result(DefragResult(defrag, frag))
+
+_hexdig = '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef'
+_hextobyte = dict(((a + b).encode(), bytes([int(a + b, 16)]))
+                  for a in _hexdig for b in _hexdig)
+
+def unquote_to_bytes(string):
+    """unquote_to_bytes('abc%20def') -> b'abc def'."""
+    # Note: strings are encoded as UTF-8. This is only an issue if it contains
+    # unescaped non-ASCII characters, which URIs should not.
+    if not string:
+        # Is it a string-like object?
+        string.split
+        return bytes(b'')
+    if isinstance(string, str):
+        string = string.encode('utf-8')
+    ### For Python-Future:
+    # It is already a byte-string object, but force it to be newbytes here on
+    # Py2:
+    string = bytes(string)
+    ###
+    bits = string.split(b'%')
+    if len(bits) == 1:
+        return string
+    res = [bits[0]]
+    append = res.append
+    for item in bits[1:]:
+        try:
+            append(_hextobyte[item[:2]])
+            append(item[2:])
+        except KeyError:
+            append(b'%')
+            append(item)
+    return bytes(b'').join(res)
+
+_asciire = re.compile('([\x00-\x7f]+)')
+
+def unquote(string, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
+    """Replace %xx escapes by their single-character equivalent. The optional
+    encoding and errors parameters specify how to decode percent-encoded
+    sequences into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode()
+    method.
+    By default, percent-encoded sequences are decoded with UTF-8, and invalid
+    sequences are replaced by a placeholder character.
+
+    unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'.
+    """
+    if '%' not in string:
+        string.split
+        return string
+    if encoding is None:
+        encoding = 'utf-8'
+    if errors is None:
+        errors = 'replace'
+    bits = _asciire.split(string)
+    res = [bits[0]]
+    append = res.append
+    for i in range(1, len(bits), 2):
+        append(unquote_to_bytes(bits[i]).decode(encoding, errors))
+        append(bits[i + 1])
+    return ''.join(res)
+
+def parse_qs(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
+             encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
+    """Parse a query given as a string argument.
+
+        Arguments:
+
+        qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
+
+        keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
+            percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.
+            A true value indicates that blanks should be retained as
+            blank strings.  The default false value indicates that
+            blank values are to be ignored and treated as if they were
+            not included.
+
+        strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors.
+            If false (the default), errors are silently ignored.
+            If true, errors raise a ValueError exception.
+
+        encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
+            into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
+    """
+    parsed_result = {}
+    pairs = parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values, strict_parsing,
+                      encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+    for name, value in pairs:
+        if name in parsed_result:
+            parsed_result[name].append(value)
+        else:
+            parsed_result[name] = [value]
+    return parsed_result
+
+def parse_qsl(qs, keep_blank_values=False, strict_parsing=False,
+              encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
+    """Parse a query given as a string argument.
+
+    Arguments:
+
+    qs: percent-encoded query string to be parsed
+
+    keep_blank_values: flag indicating whether blank values in
+        percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings.  A
+        true value indicates that blanks should be retained as blank
+        strings.  The default false value indicates that blank values
+        are to be ignored and treated as if they were  not included.
+
+    strict_parsing: flag indicating what to do with parsing errors. If
+        false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If true,
+        errors raise a ValueError exception.
+
+    encoding and errors: specify how to decode percent-encoded sequences
+        into Unicode characters, as accepted by the bytes.decode() method.
+
+    Returns a list, as G-d intended.
+    """
+    qs, _coerce_result = _coerce_args(qs)
+    pairs = [s2 for s1 in qs.split('&') for s2 in s1.split(';')]
+    r = []
+    for name_value in pairs:
+        if not name_value and not strict_parsing:
+            continue
+        nv = name_value.split('=', 1)
+        if len(nv) != 2:
+            if strict_parsing:
+                raise ValueError("bad query field: %r" % (name_value,))
+            # Handle case of a control-name with no equal sign
+            if keep_blank_values:
+                nv.append('')
+            else:
+                continue
+        if len(nv[1]) or keep_blank_values:
+            name = nv[0].replace('+', ' ')
+            name = unquote(name, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+            name = _coerce_result(name)
+            value = nv[1].replace('+', ' ')
+            value = unquote(value, encoding=encoding, errors=errors)
+            value = _coerce_result(value)
+            r.append((name, value))
+    return r
+
+def unquote_plus(string, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
+    """Like unquote(), but also replace plus signs by spaces, as required for
+    unquoting HTML form values.
+
+    unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def') -> '~/abc def'
+    """
+    string = string.replace('+', ' ')
+    return unquote(string, encoding, errors)
+
+_ALWAYS_SAFE = frozenset(bytes(b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
+                               b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+                               b'0123456789'
+                               b'_.-'))
+_ALWAYS_SAFE_BYTES = bytes(_ALWAYS_SAFE)
+_safe_quoters = {}
+
+class Quoter(collections.defaultdict):
+    """A mapping from bytes (in range(0,256)) to strings.
+
+    String values are percent-encoded byte values, unless the key < 128, and
+    in the "safe" set (either the specified safe set, or default set).
+    """
+    # Keeps a cache internally, using defaultdict, for efficiency (lookups
+    # of cached keys don't call Python code at all).
+    def __init__(self, safe):
+        """safe: bytes object."""
+        self.safe = _ALWAYS_SAFE.union(bytes(safe))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        # Without this, will just display as a defaultdict
+        return "<Quoter %r>" % dict(self)
+
+    def __missing__(self, b):
+        # Handle a cache miss. Store quoted string in cache and return.
+        res = chr(b) if b in self.safe else '%{0:02X}'.format(b)
+        self[b] = res
+        return res
+
+def quote(string, safe='/', encoding=None, errors=None):
+    """quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
+
+    Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
+    different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.
+
+    RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
+    the following reserved characters.
+
+    reserved    = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
+                  "$" | ","
+
+    Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
+    but not necessarily in all of them.
+
+    By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
+    section of a URL.  Thus, it will not encode '/'.  This character
+    is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
+    called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
+    reserved characters.
+
+    string and safe may be either str or bytes objects. encoding must
+    not be specified if string is a str.
+
+    The optional encoding and errors parameters specify how to deal with
+    non-ASCII characters, as accepted by the str.encode method.
+    By default, encoding='utf-8' (characters are encoded with UTF-8), and
+    errors='strict' (unsupported characters raise a UnicodeEncodeError).
+    """
+    if isinstance(string, str):
+        if not string:
+            return string
+        if encoding is None:
+            encoding = 'utf-8'
+        if errors is None:
+            errors = 'strict'
+        string = string.encode(encoding, errors)
+    else:
+        if encoding is not None:
+            raise TypeError("quote() doesn't support 'encoding' for bytes")
+        if errors is not None:
+            raise TypeError("quote() doesn't support 'errors' for bytes")
+    return quote_from_bytes(string, safe)
+
+def quote_plus(string, safe='', encoding=None, errors=None):
+    """Like quote(), but also replace ' ' with '+', as required for quoting
+    HTML form values. Plus signs in the original string are escaped unless
+    they are included in safe. It also does not have safe default to '/'.
+    """
+    # Check if ' ' in string, where string may either be a str or bytes.  If
+    # there are no spaces, the regular quote will produce the right answer.
+    if ((isinstance(string, str) and ' ' not in string) or
+        (isinstance(string, bytes) and b' ' not in string)):
+        return quote(string, safe, encoding, errors)
+    if isinstance(safe, str):
+        space = str(' ')
+    else:
+        space = bytes(b' ')
+    string = quote(string, safe + space, encoding, errors)
+    return string.replace(' ', '+')
+
+def quote_from_bytes(bs, safe='/'):
+    """Like quote(), but accepts a bytes object rather than a str, and does
+    not perform string-to-bytes encoding.  It always returns an ASCII string.
+    quote_from_bytes(b'abc def\x3f') -> 'abc%20def%3f'
+    """
+    if not isinstance(bs, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        raise TypeError("quote_from_bytes() expected bytes")
+    if not bs:
+        return str('')
+    ### For Python-Future:
+    bs = bytes(bs)
+    ###
+    if isinstance(safe, str):
+        # Normalize 'safe' by converting to bytes and removing non-ASCII chars
+        safe = str(safe).encode('ascii', 'ignore')
+    else:
+        ### For Python-Future:
+        safe = bytes(safe)
+        ###
+        safe = bytes([c for c in safe if c < 128])
+    if not bs.rstrip(_ALWAYS_SAFE_BYTES + safe):
+        return bs.decode()
+    try:
+        quoter = _safe_quoters[safe]
+    except KeyError:
+        _safe_quoters[safe] = quoter = Quoter(safe).__getitem__
+    return str('').join([quoter(char) for char in bs])
+
+def urlencode(query, doseq=False, safe='', encoding=None, errors=None):
+    """Encode a sequence of two-element tuples or dictionary into a URL query string.
+
+    If any values in the query arg are sequences and doseq is true, each
+    sequence element is converted to a separate parameter.
+
+    If the query arg is a sequence of two-element tuples, the order of the
+    parameters in the output will match the order of parameters in the
+    input.
+
+    The query arg may be either a string or a bytes type. When query arg is a
+    string, the safe, encoding and error parameters are sent the quote_plus for
+    encoding.
+    """
+
+    if hasattr(query, "items"):
+        query = query.items()
+    else:
+        # It's a bother at times that strings and string-like objects are
+        # sequences.
+        try:
+            # non-sequence items should not work with len()
+            # non-empty strings will fail this
+            if len(query) and not isinstance(query[0], tuple):
+                raise TypeError
+            # Zero-length sequences of all types will get here and succeed,
+            # but that's a minor nit.  Since the original implementation
+            # allowed empty dicts that type of behavior probably should be
+            # preserved for consistency
+        except TypeError:
+            ty, va, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            raise_with_traceback(TypeError("not a valid non-string sequence "
+                                           "or mapping object"), tb)
+
+    l = []
+    if not doseq:
+        for k, v in query:
+            if isinstance(k, bytes):
+                k = quote_plus(k, safe)
+            else:
+                k = quote_plus(str(k), safe, encoding, errors)
+
+            if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                v = quote_plus(v, safe)
+            else:
+                v = quote_plus(str(v), safe, encoding, errors)
+            l.append(k + '=' + v)
+    else:
+        for k, v in query:
+            if isinstance(k, bytes):
+                k = quote_plus(k, safe)
+            else:
+                k = quote_plus(str(k), safe, encoding, errors)
+
+            if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                v = quote_plus(v, safe)
+                l.append(k + '=' + v)
+            elif isinstance(v, str):
+                v = quote_plus(v, safe, encoding, errors)
+                l.append(k + '=' + v)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    # Is this a sufficient test for sequence-ness?
+                    x = len(v)
+                except TypeError:
+                    # not a sequence
+                    v = quote_plus(str(v), safe, encoding, errors)
+                    l.append(k + '=' + v)
+                else:
+                    # loop over the sequence
+                    for elt in v:
+                        if isinstance(elt, bytes):
+                            elt = quote_plus(elt, safe)
+                        else:
+                            elt = quote_plus(str(elt), safe, encoding, errors)
+                        l.append(k + '=' + elt)
+    return str('&').join(l)
+
+# Utilities to parse URLs (most of these return None for missing parts):
+# unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
+# splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'
+# splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'
+# splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'
+# splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'
+# splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'
+# splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'
+# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
+# splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
+#   '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]
+# splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'
+# urllib.parse.unquote('abc%20def') -> 'abc def'
+# quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def')
+
+def to_bytes(url):
+    """to_bytes(u"URL") --> 'URL'."""
+    # Most URL schemes require ASCII. If that changes, the conversion
+    # can be relaxed.
+    # XXX get rid of to_bytes()
+    if isinstance(url, str):
+        try:
+            url = url.encode("ASCII").decode()
+        except UnicodeError:
+            raise UnicodeError("URL " + repr(url) +
+                               " contains non-ASCII characters")
+    return url
+
+def unwrap(url):
+    """unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'."""
+    url = str(url).strip()
+    if url[:1] == '<' and url[-1:] == '>':
+        url = url[1:-1].strip()
+    if url[:4] == 'URL:': url = url[4:].strip()
+    return url
+
+_typeprog = None
+def splittype(url):
+    """splittype('type:opaquestring') --> 'type', 'opaquestring'."""
+    global _typeprog
+    if _typeprog is None:
+        import re
+        _typeprog = re.compile('^([^/:]+):')
+
+    match = _typeprog.match(url)
+    if match:
+        scheme = match.group(1)
+        return scheme.lower(), url[len(scheme) + 1:]
+    return None, url
+
+_hostprog = None
+def splithost(url):
+    """splithost('//host[:port]/path') --> 'host[:port]', '/path'."""
+    global _hostprog
+    if _hostprog is None:
+        import re
+        _hostprog = re.compile('^//([^/?]*)(.*)$')
+
+    match = _hostprog.match(url)
+    if match:
+        host_port = match.group(1)
+        path = match.group(2)
+        if path and not path.startswith('/'):
+            path = '/' + path
+        return host_port, path
+    return None, url
+
+_userprog = None
+def splituser(host):
+    """splituser('user[:passwd]@host[:port]') --> 'user[:passwd]', 'host[:port]'."""
+    global _userprog
+    if _userprog is None:
+        import re
+        _userprog = re.compile('^(.*)@(.*)$')
+
+    match = _userprog.match(host)
+    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    return None, host
+
+_passwdprog = None
+def splitpasswd(user):
+    """splitpasswd('user:passwd') -> 'user', 'passwd'."""
+    global _passwdprog
+    if _passwdprog is None:
+        import re
+        _passwdprog = re.compile('^([^:]*):(.*)$',re.S)
+
+    match = _passwdprog.match(user)
+    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    return user, None
+
+# splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'
+_portprog = None
+def splitport(host):
+    """splitport('host:port') --> 'host', 'port'."""
+    global _portprog
+    if _portprog is None:
+        import re
+        _portprog = re.compile('^(.*):([0-9]+)$')
+
+    match = _portprog.match(host)
+    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    return host, None
+
+_nportprog = None
+def splitnport(host, defport=-1):
+    """Split host and port, returning numeric port.
+    Return given default port if no ':' found; defaults to -1.
+    Return numerical port if a valid number are found after ':'.
+    Return None if ':' but not a valid number."""
+    global _nportprog
+    if _nportprog is None:
+        import re
+        _nportprog = re.compile('^(.*):(.*)$')
+
+    match = _nportprog.match(host)
+    if match:
+        host, port = match.group(1, 2)
+        try:
+            if not port: raise ValueError("no digits")
+            nport = int(port)
+        except ValueError:
+            nport = None
+        return host, nport
+    return host, defport
+
+_queryprog = None
+def splitquery(url):
+    """splitquery('/path?query') --> '/path', 'query'."""
+    global _queryprog
+    if _queryprog is None:
+        import re
+        _queryprog = re.compile('^(.*)\?([^?]*)$')
+
+    match = _queryprog.match(url)
+    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    return url, None
+
+_tagprog = None
+def splittag(url):
+    """splittag('/path#tag') --> '/path', 'tag'."""
+    global _tagprog
+    if _tagprog is None:
+        import re
+        _tagprog = re.compile('^(.*)#([^#]*)$')
+
+    match = _tagprog.match(url)
+    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    return url, None
+
+def splitattr(url):
+    """splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2;...') ->
+        '/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2', ...]."""
+    words = url.split(';')
+    return words[0], words[1:]
+
+_valueprog = None
+def splitvalue(attr):
+    """splitvalue('attr=value') --> 'attr', 'value'."""
+    global _valueprog
+    if _valueprog is None:
+        import re
+        _valueprog = re.compile('^([^=]*)=(.*)$')
+
+    match = _valueprog.match(attr)
+    if match: return match.group(1, 2)
+    return attr, None
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/request.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baee540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2647 @@
+"""
+Ported using Python-Future from the Python 3.3 standard library.
+
+An extensible library for opening URLs using a variety of protocols
+
+The simplest way to use this module is to call the urlopen function,
+which accepts a string containing a URL or a Request object (described
+below).  It opens the URL and returns the results as file-like
+object; the returned object has some extra methods described below.
+
+The OpenerDirector manages a collection of Handler objects that do
+all the actual work.  Each Handler implements a particular protocol or
+option.  The OpenerDirector is a composite object that invokes the
+Handlers needed to open the requested URL.  For example, the
+HTTPHandler performs HTTP GET and POST requests and deals with
+non-error returns.  The HTTPRedirectHandler automatically deals with
+HTTP 301, 302, 303 and 307 redirect errors, and the HTTPDigestAuthHandler
+deals with digest authentication.
+
+urlopen(url, data=None) -- Basic usage is the same as original
+urllib.  pass the url and optionally data to post to an HTTP URL, and
+get a file-like object back.  One difference is that you can also pass
+a Request instance instead of URL.  Raises a URLError (subclass of
+IOError); for HTTP errors, raises an HTTPError, which can also be
+treated as a valid response.
+
+build_opener -- Function that creates a new OpenerDirector instance.
+Will install the default handlers.  Accepts one or more Handlers as
+arguments, either instances or Handler classes that it will
+instantiate.  If one of the argument is a subclass of the default
+handler, the argument will be installed instead of the default.
+
+install_opener -- Installs a new opener as the default opener.
+
+objects of interest:
+
+OpenerDirector -- Sets up the User Agent as the Python-urllib client and manages
+the Handler classes, while dealing with requests and responses.
+
+Request -- An object that encapsulates the state of a request.  The
+state can be as simple as the URL.  It can also include extra HTTP
+headers, e.g. a User-Agent.
+
+BaseHandler --
+
+internals:
+BaseHandler and parent
+_call_chain conventions
+
+Example usage:
+
+import urllib.request
+
+# set up authentication info
+authinfo = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()
+authinfo.add_password(realm='PDQ Application',
+                      uri='https://mahler:8092/site-updates.py',
+                      user='klem',
+                      passwd='geheim$parole')
+
+proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"http" : "http://ahad-haam:3128"})
+
+# build a new opener that adds authentication and caching FTP handlers
+opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support, authinfo,
+                                     urllib.request.CacheFTPHandler)
+
+# install it
+urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
+
+f = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
+"""
+
+# XXX issues:
+# If an authentication error handler that tries to perform
+# authentication for some reason but fails, how should the error be
+# signalled?  The client needs to know the HTTP error code.  But if
+# the handler knows that the problem was, e.g., that it didn't know
+# that hash algo that requested in the challenge, it would be good to
+# pass that information along to the client, too.
+# ftp errors aren't handled cleanly
+# check digest against correct (i.e. non-apache) implementation
+
+# Possible extensions:
+# complex proxies  XXX not sure what exactly was meant by this
+# abstract factory for opener
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import bytes, dict, filter, input, int, map, open, str
+from future.utils import PY2, PY3, raise_with_traceback
+
+import base64
+import bisect
+import hashlib
+import array
+
+from future.backports import email
+from future.backports.http import client as http_client
+from .error import URLError, HTTPError, ContentTooShortError
+from .parse import (
+    urlparse, urlsplit, urljoin, unwrap, quote, unquote,
+    splittype, splithost, splitport, splituser, splitpasswd,
+    splitattr, splitquery, splitvalue, splittag, to_bytes, urlunparse)
+from .response import addinfourl, addclosehook
+
+import io
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import socket
+import sys
+import time
+import tempfile
+import contextlib
+import warnings
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Iterable
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+# check for SSL
+try:
+    import ssl
+    # Not available in the SSL module in Py2:
+    from ssl import SSLContext
+except ImportError:
+    _have_ssl = False
+else:
+    _have_ssl = True
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Classes
+    'Request', 'OpenerDirector', 'BaseHandler', 'HTTPDefaultErrorHandler',
+    'HTTPRedirectHandler', 'HTTPCookieProcessor', 'ProxyHandler',
+    'HTTPPasswordMgr', 'HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm',
+    'AbstractBasicAuthHandler', 'HTTPBasicAuthHandler', 'ProxyBasicAuthHandler',
+    'AbstractDigestAuthHandler', 'HTTPDigestAuthHandler', 'ProxyDigestAuthHandler',
+    'HTTPHandler', 'FileHandler', 'FTPHandler', 'CacheFTPHandler',
+    'UnknownHandler', 'HTTPErrorProcessor',
+    # Functions
+    'urlopen', 'install_opener', 'build_opener',
+    'pathname2url', 'url2pathname', 'getproxies',
+    # Legacy interface
+    'urlretrieve', 'urlcleanup', 'URLopener', 'FancyURLopener',
+]
+
+# used in User-Agent header sent
+__version__ = sys.version[:3]
+
+_opener = None
+def urlopen(url, data=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, **_3to2kwargs):
+    if 'cadefault' in _3to2kwargs: cadefault = _3to2kwargs['cadefault']; del _3to2kwargs['cadefault']
+    else: cadefault = False
+    if 'capath' in _3to2kwargs: capath = _3to2kwargs['capath']; del _3to2kwargs['capath']
+    else: capath = None
+    if 'cafile' in _3to2kwargs: cafile = _3to2kwargs['cafile']; del _3to2kwargs['cafile']
+    else: cafile = None
+    global _opener
+    if cafile or capath or cadefault:
+        if not _have_ssl:
+            raise ValueError('SSL support not available')
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+        context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2
+        context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        if cafile or capath:
+            context.load_verify_locations(cafile, capath)
+        else:
+            context.set_default_verify_paths()
+        https_handler = HTTPSHandler(context=context, check_hostname=True)
+        opener = build_opener(https_handler)
+    elif _opener is None:
+        _opener = opener = build_opener()
+    else:
+        opener = _opener
+    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
+
+def install_opener(opener):
+    global _opener
+    _opener = opener
+
+_url_tempfiles = []
+def urlretrieve(url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None):
+    """
+    Retrieve a URL into a temporary location on disk.
+
+    Requires a URL argument. If a filename is passed, it is used as
+    the temporary file location. The reporthook argument should be
+    a callable that accepts a block number, a read size, and the
+    total file size of the URL target. The data argument should be
+    valid URL encoded data.
+
+    If a filename is passed and the URL points to a local resource,
+    the result is a copy from local file to new file.
+
+    Returns a tuple containing the path to the newly created
+    data file as well as the resulting HTTPMessage object.
+    """
+    url_type, path = splittype(url)
+
+    with contextlib.closing(urlopen(url, data)) as fp:
+        headers = fp.info()
+
+        # Just return the local path and the "headers" for file://
+        # URLs. No sense in performing a copy unless requested.
+        if url_type == "file" and not filename:
+            return os.path.normpath(path), headers
+
+        # Handle temporary file setup.
+        if filename:
+            tfp = open(filename, 'wb')
+        else:
+            tfp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
+            filename = tfp.name
+            _url_tempfiles.append(filename)
+
+        with tfp:
+            result = filename, headers
+            bs = 1024*8
+            size = -1
+            read = 0
+            blocknum = 0
+            if "content-length" in headers:
+                size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
+
+            if reporthook:
+                reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
+
+            while True:
+                block = fp.read(bs)
+                if not block:
+                    break
+                read += len(block)
+                tfp.write(block)
+                blocknum += 1
+                if reporthook:
+                    reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
+
+    if size >= 0 and read < size:
+        raise ContentTooShortError(
+            "retrieval incomplete: got only %i out of %i bytes"
+            % (read, size), result)
+
+    return result
+
+def urlcleanup():
+    for temp_file in _url_tempfiles:
+        try:
+            os.unlink(temp_file)
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            pass
+
+    del _url_tempfiles[:]
+    global _opener
+    if _opener:
+        _opener = None
+
+if PY3:
+    _cut_port_re = re.compile(r":\d+$", re.ASCII)
+else:
+    _cut_port_re = re.compile(r":\d+$")
+
+def request_host(request):
+
+    """Return request-host, as defined by RFC 2965.
+
+    Variation from RFC: returned value is lowercased, for convenient
+    comparison.
+
+    """
+    url = request.full_url
+    host = urlparse(url)[1]
+    if host == "":
+        host = request.get_header("Host", "")
+
+    # remove port, if present
+    host = _cut_port_re.sub("", host, 1)
+    return host.lower()
+
+class Request(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, url, data=None, headers={},
+                 origin_req_host=None, unverifiable=False,
+                 method=None):
+        # unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>') --> 'type://host/path'
+        self.full_url = unwrap(url)
+        self.full_url, self.fragment = splittag(self.full_url)
+        self.data = data
+        self.headers = {}
+        self._tunnel_host = None
+        for key, value in headers.items():
+            self.add_header(key, value)
+        self.unredirected_hdrs = {}
+        if origin_req_host is None:
+            origin_req_host = request_host(self)
+        self.origin_req_host = origin_req_host
+        self.unverifiable = unverifiable
+        self.method = method
+        self._parse()
+
+    def _parse(self):
+        self.type, rest = splittype(self.full_url)
+        if self.type is None:
+            raise ValueError("unknown url type: %r" % self.full_url)
+        self.host, self.selector = splithost(rest)
+        if self.host:
+            self.host = unquote(self.host)
+
+    def get_method(self):
+        """Return a string indicating the HTTP request method."""
+        if self.method is not None:
+            return self.method
+        elif self.data is not None:
+            return "POST"
+        else:
+            return "GET"
+
+    def get_full_url(self):
+        if self.fragment:
+            return '%s#%s' % (self.full_url, self.fragment)
+        else:
+            return self.full_url
+
+    # Begin deprecated methods
+
+    def add_data(self, data):
+        msg = "Request.add_data method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        self.data = data
+
+    def has_data(self):
+        msg = "Request.has_data method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return self.data is not None
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        msg = "Request.get_data method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return self.data
+
+    def get_type(self):
+        msg = "Request.get_type method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return self.type
+
+    def get_host(self):
+        msg = "Request.get_host method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return self.host
+
+    def get_selector(self):
+        msg = "Request.get_selector method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return self.selector
+
+    def is_unverifiable(self):
+        msg = "Request.is_unverifiable method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return self.unverifiable
+
+    def get_origin_req_host(self):
+        msg = "Request.get_origin_req_host method is deprecated."
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=1)
+        return self.origin_req_host
+
+    # End deprecated methods
+
+    def set_proxy(self, host, type):
+        if self.type == 'https' and not self._tunnel_host:
+            self._tunnel_host = self.host
+        else:
+            self.type= type
+            self.selector = self.full_url
+        self.host = host
+
+    def has_proxy(self):
+        return self.selector == self.full_url
+
+    def add_header(self, key, val):
+        # useful for something like authentication
+        self.headers[key.capitalize()] = val
+
+    def add_unredirected_header(self, key, val):
+        # will not be added to a redirected request
+        self.unredirected_hdrs[key.capitalize()] = val
+
+    def has_header(self, header_name):
+        return (header_name in self.headers or
+                header_name in self.unredirected_hdrs)
+
+    def get_header(self, header_name, default=None):
+        return self.headers.get(
+            header_name,
+            self.unredirected_hdrs.get(header_name, default))
+
+    def header_items(self):
+        hdrs = self.unredirected_hdrs.copy()
+        hdrs.update(self.headers)
+        return list(hdrs.items())
+
+class OpenerDirector(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        client_version = "Python-urllib/%s" % __version__
+        self.addheaders = [('User-agent', client_version)]
+        # self.handlers is retained only for backward compatibility
+        self.handlers = []
+        # manage the individual handlers
+        self.handle_open = {}
+        self.handle_error = {}
+        self.process_response = {}
+        self.process_request = {}
+
+    def add_handler(self, handler):
+        if not hasattr(handler, "add_parent"):
+            raise TypeError("expected BaseHandler instance, got %r" %
+                            type(handler))
+
+        added = False
+        for meth in dir(handler):
+            if meth in ["redirect_request", "do_open", "proxy_open"]:
+                # oops, coincidental match
+                continue
+
+            i = meth.find("_")
+            protocol = meth[:i]
+            condition = meth[i+1:]
+
+            if condition.startswith("error"):
+                j = condition.find("_") + i + 1
+                kind = meth[j+1:]
+                try:
+                    kind = int(kind)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+                lookup = self.handle_error.get(protocol, {})
+                self.handle_error[protocol] = lookup
+            elif condition == "open":
+                kind = protocol
+                lookup = self.handle_open
+            elif condition == "response":
+                kind = protocol
+                lookup = self.process_response
+            elif condition == "request":
+                kind = protocol
+                lookup = self.process_request
+            else:
+                continue
+
+            handlers = lookup.setdefault(kind, [])
+            if handlers:
+                bisect.insort(handlers, handler)
+            else:
+                handlers.append(handler)
+            added = True
+
+        if added:
+            bisect.insort(self.handlers, handler)
+            handler.add_parent(self)
+
+    def close(self):
+        # Only exists for backwards compatibility.
+        pass
+
+    def _call_chain(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args):
+        # Handlers raise an exception if no one else should try to handle
+        # the request, or return None if they can't but another handler
+        # could.  Otherwise, they return the response.
+        handlers = chain.get(kind, ())
+        for handler in handlers:
+            func = getattr(handler, meth_name)
+            result = func(*args)
+            if result is not None:
+                return result
+
+    def open(self, fullurl, data=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
+        """
+        Accept a URL or a Request object
+
+        Python-Future: if the URL is passed as a byte-string, decode it first.
+        """
+        if isinstance(fullurl, bytes):
+            fullurl = fullurl.decode()
+        if isinstance(fullurl, str):
+            req = Request(fullurl, data)
+        else:
+            req = fullurl
+            if data is not None:
+                req.data = data
+
+        req.timeout = timeout
+        protocol = req.type
+
+        # pre-process request
+        meth_name = protocol+"_request"
+        for processor in self.process_request.get(protocol, []):
+            meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
+            req = meth(req)
+
+        response = self._open(req, data)
+
+        # post-process response
+        meth_name = protocol+"_response"
+        for processor in self.process_response.get(protocol, []):
+            meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
+            response = meth(req, response)
+
+        return response
+
+    def _open(self, req, data=None):
+        result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, 'default',
+                                  'default_open', req)
+        if result:
+            return result
+
+        protocol = req.type
+        result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
+                                  '_open', req)
+        if result:
+            return result
+
+        return self._call_chain(self.handle_open, 'unknown',
+                                'unknown_open', req)
+
+    def error(self, proto, *args):
+        if proto in ('http', 'https'):
+            # XXX http[s] protocols are special-cased
+            dict = self.handle_error['http'] # https is not different than http
+            proto = args[2]  # YUCK!
+            meth_name = 'http_error_%s' % proto
+            http_err = 1
+            orig_args = args
+        else:
+            dict = self.handle_error
+            meth_name = proto + '_error'
+            http_err = 0
+        args = (dict, proto, meth_name) + args
+        result = self._call_chain(*args)
+        if result:
+            return result
+
+        if http_err:
+            args = (dict, 'default', 'http_error_default') + orig_args
+            return self._call_chain(*args)
+
+# XXX probably also want an abstract factory that knows when it makes
+# sense to skip a superclass in favor of a subclass and when it might
+# make sense to include both
+
+def build_opener(*handlers):
+    """Create an opener object from a list of handlers.
+
+    The opener will use several default handlers, including support
+    for HTTP, FTP and when applicable HTTPS.
+
+    If any of the handlers passed as arguments are subclasses of the
+    default handlers, the default handlers will not be used.
+    """
+    def isclass(obj):
+        return isinstance(obj, type) or hasattr(obj, "__bases__")
+
+    opener = OpenerDirector()
+    default_classes = [ProxyHandler, UnknownHandler, HTTPHandler,
+                       HTTPDefaultErrorHandler, HTTPRedirectHandler,
+                       FTPHandler, FileHandler, HTTPErrorProcessor]
+    if hasattr(http_client, "HTTPSConnection"):
+        default_classes.append(HTTPSHandler)
+    skip = set()
+    for klass in default_classes:
+        for check in handlers:
+            if isclass(check):
+                if issubclass(check, klass):
+                    skip.add(klass)
+            elif isinstance(check, klass):
+                skip.add(klass)
+    for klass in skip:
+        default_classes.remove(klass)
+
+    for klass in default_classes:
+        opener.add_handler(klass())
+
+    for h in handlers:
+        if isclass(h):
+            h = h()
+        opener.add_handler(h)
+    return opener
+
+class BaseHandler(object):
+    handler_order = 500
+
+    def add_parent(self, parent):
+        self.parent = parent
+
+    def close(self):
+        # Only exists for backwards compatibility
+        pass
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if not hasattr(other, "handler_order"):
+            # Try to preserve the old behavior of having custom classes
+            # inserted after default ones (works only for custom user
+            # classes which are not aware of handler_order).
+            return True
+        return self.handler_order < other.handler_order
+
+
+class HTTPErrorProcessor(BaseHandler):
+    """Process HTTP error responses."""
+    handler_order = 1000  # after all other processing
+
+    def http_response(self, request, response):
+        code, msg, hdrs = response.code, response.msg, response.info()
+
+        # According to RFC 2616, "2xx" code indicates that the client's
+        # request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
+        if not (200 <= code < 300):
+            response = self.parent.error(
+                'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
+
+        return response
+
+    https_response = http_response
+
+class HTTPDefaultErrorHandler(BaseHandler):
+    def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):
+        raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
+
+class HTTPRedirectHandler(BaseHandler):
+    # maximum number of redirections to any single URL
+    # this is needed because of the state that cookies introduce
+    max_repeats = 4
+    # maximum total number of redirections (regardless of URL) before
+    # assuming we're in a loop
+    max_redirections = 10
+
+    def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):
+        """Return a Request or None in response to a redirect.
+
+        This is called by the http_error_30x methods when a
+        redirection response is received.  If a redirection should
+        take place, return a new Request to allow http_error_30x to
+        perform the redirect.  Otherwise, raise HTTPError if no-one
+        else should try to handle this url.  Return None if you can't
+        but another Handler might.
+        """
+        m = req.get_method()
+        if (not (code in (301, 302, 303, 307) and m in ("GET", "HEAD")
+            or code in (301, 302, 303) and m == "POST")):
+            raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, headers, fp)
+
+        # Strictly (according to RFC 2616), 301 or 302 in response to
+        # a POST MUST NOT cause a redirection without confirmation
+        # from the user (of urllib.request, in this case).  In practice,
+        # essentially all clients do redirect in this case, so we do
+        # the same.
+        # be conciliant with URIs containing a space
+        newurl = newurl.replace(' ', '%20')
+        CONTENT_HEADERS = ("content-length", "content-type")
+        newheaders = dict((k, v) for k, v in req.headers.items()
+                          if k.lower() not in CONTENT_HEADERS)
+        return Request(newurl,
+                       headers=newheaders,
+                       origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host,
+                       unverifiable=True)
+
+    # Implementation note: To avoid the server sending us into an
+    # infinite loop, the request object needs to track what URLs we
+    # have already seen.  Do this by adding a handler-specific
+    # attribute to the Request object.
+    def http_error_302(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        # Some servers (incorrectly) return multiple Location headers
+        # (so probably same goes for URI).  Use first header.
+        if "location" in headers:
+            newurl = headers["location"]
+        elif "uri" in headers:
+            newurl = headers["uri"]
+        else:
+            return
+
+        # fix a possible malformed URL
+        urlparts = urlparse(newurl)
+
+        # For security reasons we don't allow redirection to anything other
+        # than http, https or ftp.
+
+        if urlparts.scheme not in ('http', 'https', 'ftp', ''):
+            raise HTTPError(
+                newurl, code,
+                "%s - Redirection to url '%s' is not allowed" % (msg, newurl),
+                headers, fp)
+
+        if not urlparts.path:
+            urlparts = list(urlparts)
+            urlparts[2] = "/"
+        newurl = urlunparse(urlparts)
+
+        newurl = urljoin(req.full_url, newurl)
+
+        # XXX Probably want to forget about the state of the current
+        # request, although that might interact poorly with other
+        # handlers that also use handler-specific request attributes
+        new = self.redirect_request(req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl)
+        if new is None:
+            return
+
+        # loop detection
+        # .redirect_dict has a key url if url was previously visited.
+        if hasattr(req, 'redirect_dict'):
+            visited = new.redirect_dict = req.redirect_dict
+            if (visited.get(newurl, 0) >= self.max_repeats or
+                len(visited) >= self.max_redirections):
+                raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code,
+                                self.inf_msg + msg, headers, fp)
+        else:
+            visited = new.redirect_dict = req.redirect_dict = {}
+        visited[newurl] = visited.get(newurl, 0) + 1
+
+        # Don't close the fp until we are sure that we won't use it
+        # with HTTPError.
+        fp.read()
+        fp.close()
+
+        return self.parent.open(new, timeout=req.timeout)
+
+    http_error_301 = http_error_303 = http_error_307 = http_error_302
+
+    inf_msg = "The HTTP server returned a redirect error that would " \
+              "lead to an infinite loop.\n" \
+              "The last 30x error message was:\n"
+
+
+def _parse_proxy(proxy):
+    """Return (scheme, user, password, host/port) given a URL or an authority.
+
+    If a URL is supplied, it must have an authority (host:port) component.
+    According to RFC 3986, having an authority component means the URL must
+    have two slashes after the scheme:
+
+    >>> _parse_proxy('file:/ftp.example.com/')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ValueError: proxy URL with no authority: 'file:/ftp.example.com/'
+
+    The first three items of the returned tuple may be None.
+
+    Examples of authority parsing:
+
+    >>> _parse_proxy('proxy.example.com')
+    (None, None, None, 'proxy.example.com')
+    >>> _parse_proxy('proxy.example.com:3128')
+    (None, None, None, 'proxy.example.com:3128')
+
+    The authority component may optionally include userinfo (assumed to be
+    username:password):
+
+    >>> _parse_proxy('joe:password@proxy.example.com')
+    (None, 'joe', 'password', 'proxy.example.com')
+    >>> _parse_proxy('joe:password@proxy.example.com:3128')
+    (None, 'joe', 'password', 'proxy.example.com:3128')
+
+    Same examples, but with URLs instead:
+
+    >>> _parse_proxy('http://proxy.example.com/')
+    ('http', None, None, 'proxy.example.com')
+    >>> _parse_proxy('http://proxy.example.com:3128/')
+    ('http', None, None, 'proxy.example.com:3128')
+    >>> _parse_proxy('http://joe:password@proxy.example.com/')
+    ('http', 'joe', 'password', 'proxy.example.com')
+    >>> _parse_proxy('http://joe:password@proxy.example.com:3128')
+    ('http', 'joe', 'password', 'proxy.example.com:3128')
+
+    Everything after the authority is ignored:
+
+    >>> _parse_proxy('ftp://joe:password@proxy.example.com/rubbish:3128')
+    ('ftp', 'joe', 'password', 'proxy.example.com')
+
+    Test for no trailing '/' case:
+
+    >>> _parse_proxy('http://joe:password@proxy.example.com')
+    ('http', 'joe', 'password', 'proxy.example.com')
+
+    """
+    scheme, r_scheme = splittype(proxy)
+    if not r_scheme.startswith("/"):
+        # authority
+        scheme = None
+        authority = proxy
+    else:
+        # URL
+        if not r_scheme.startswith("//"):
+            raise ValueError("proxy URL with no authority: %r" % proxy)
+        # We have an authority, so for RFC 3986-compliant URLs (by ss 3.
+        # and 3.3.), path is empty or starts with '/'
+        end = r_scheme.find("/", 2)
+        if end == -1:
+            end = None
+        authority = r_scheme[2:end]
+    userinfo, hostport = splituser(authority)
+    if userinfo is not None:
+        user, password = splitpasswd(userinfo)
+    else:
+        user = password = None
+    return scheme, user, password, hostport
+
+class ProxyHandler(BaseHandler):
+    # Proxies must be in front
+    handler_order = 100
+
+    def __init__(self, proxies=None):
+        if proxies is None:
+            proxies = getproxies()
+        assert hasattr(proxies, 'keys'), "proxies must be a mapping"
+        self.proxies = proxies
+        for type, url in proxies.items():
+            setattr(self, '%s_open' % type,
+                    lambda r, proxy=url, type=type, meth=self.proxy_open:
+                        meth(r, proxy, type))
+
+    def proxy_open(self, req, proxy, type):
+        orig_type = req.type
+        proxy_type, user, password, hostport = _parse_proxy(proxy)
+        if proxy_type is None:
+            proxy_type = orig_type
+
+        if req.host and proxy_bypass(req.host):
+            return None
+
+        if user and password:
+            user_pass = '%s:%s' % (unquote(user),
+                                   unquote(password))
+            creds = base64.b64encode(user_pass.encode()).decode("ascii")
+            req.add_header('Proxy-authorization', 'Basic ' + creds)
+        hostport = unquote(hostport)
+        req.set_proxy(hostport, proxy_type)
+        if orig_type == proxy_type or orig_type == 'https':
+            # let other handlers take care of it
+            return None
+        else:
+            # need to start over, because the other handlers don't
+            # grok the proxy's URL type
+            # e.g. if we have a constructor arg proxies like so:
+            # {'http': 'ftp://proxy.example.com'}, we may end up turning
+            # a request for http://acme.example.com/a into one for
+            # ftp://proxy.example.com/a
+            return self.parent.open(req, timeout=req.timeout)
+
+class HTTPPasswordMgr(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.passwd = {}
+
+    def add_password(self, realm, uri, user, passwd):
+        # uri could be a single URI or a sequence
+        if isinstance(uri, str):
+            uri = [uri]
+        if realm not in self.passwd:
+            self.passwd[realm] = {}
+        for default_port in True, False:
+            reduced_uri = tuple(
+                [self.reduce_uri(u, default_port) for u in uri])
+            self.passwd[realm][reduced_uri] = (user, passwd)
+
+    def find_user_password(self, realm, authuri):
+        domains = self.passwd.get(realm, {})
+        for default_port in True, False:
+            reduced_authuri = self.reduce_uri(authuri, default_port)
+            for uris, authinfo in domains.items():
+                for uri in uris:
+                    if self.is_suburi(uri, reduced_authuri):
+                        return authinfo
+        return None, None
+
+    def reduce_uri(self, uri, default_port=True):
+        """Accept authority or URI and extract only the authority and path."""
+        # note HTTP URLs do not have a userinfo component
+        parts = urlsplit(uri)
+        if parts[1]:
+            # URI
+            scheme = parts[0]
+            authority = parts[1]
+            path = parts[2] or '/'
+        else:
+            # host or host:port
+            scheme = None
+            authority = uri
+            path = '/'
+        host, port = splitport(authority)
+        if default_port and port is None and scheme is not None:
+            dport = {"http": 80,
+                     "https": 443,
+                     }.get(scheme)
+            if dport is not None:
+                authority = "%s:%d" % (host, dport)
+        return authority, path
+
+    def is_suburi(self, base, test):
+        """Check if test is below base in a URI tree
+
+        Both args must be URIs in reduced form.
+        """
+        if base == test:
+            return True
+        if base[0] != test[0]:
+            return False
+        common = posixpath.commonprefix((base[1], test[1]))
+        if len(common) == len(base[1]):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+class HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm(HTTPPasswordMgr):
+
+    def find_user_password(self, realm, authuri):
+        user, password = HTTPPasswordMgr.find_user_password(self, realm,
+                                                            authuri)
+        if user is not None:
+            return user, password
+        return HTTPPasswordMgr.find_user_password(self, None, authuri)
+
+
+class AbstractBasicAuthHandler(object):
+
+    # XXX this allows for multiple auth-schemes, but will stupidly pick
+    # the last one with a realm specified.
+
+    # allow for double- and single-quoted realm values
+    # (single quotes are a violation of the RFC, but appear in the wild)
+    rx = re.compile('(?:.*,)*[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+'
+                    'realm=(["\']?)([^"\']*)\\2', re.I)
+
+    # XXX could pre-emptively send auth info already accepted (RFC 2617,
+    # end of section 2, and section 1.2 immediately after "credentials"
+    # production).
+
+    def __init__(self, password_mgr=None):
+        if password_mgr is None:
+            password_mgr = HTTPPasswordMgr()
+        self.passwd = password_mgr
+        self.add_password = self.passwd.add_password
+        self.retried = 0
+
+    def reset_retry_count(self):
+        self.retried = 0
+
+    def http_error_auth_reqed(self, authreq, host, req, headers):
+        # host may be an authority (without userinfo) or a URL with an
+        # authority
+        # XXX could be multiple headers
+        authreq = headers.get(authreq, None)
+
+        if self.retried > 5:
+            # retry sending the username:password 5 times before failing.
+            raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), 401, "basic auth failed",
+                    headers, None)
+        else:
+            self.retried += 1
+
+        if authreq:
+            scheme = authreq.split()[0]
+            if scheme.lower() != 'basic':
+                raise ValueError("AbstractBasicAuthHandler does not"
+                                 " support the following scheme: '%s'" %
+                                 scheme)
+            else:
+                mo = AbstractBasicAuthHandler.rx.search(authreq)
+                if mo:
+                    scheme, quote, realm = mo.groups()
+                    if quote not in ['"',"'"]:
+                        warnings.warn("Basic Auth Realm was unquoted",
+                                      UserWarning, 2)
+                    if scheme.lower() == 'basic':
+                        response = self.retry_http_basic_auth(host, req, realm)
+                        if response and response.code != 401:
+                            self.retried = 0
+                        return response
+
+    def retry_http_basic_auth(self, host, req, realm):
+        user, pw = self.passwd.find_user_password(realm, host)
+        if pw is not None:
+            raw = "%s:%s" % (user, pw)
+            auth = "Basic " + base64.b64encode(raw.encode()).decode("ascii")
+            if req.headers.get(self.auth_header, None) == auth:
+                return None
+            req.add_unredirected_header(self.auth_header, auth)
+            return self.parent.open(req, timeout=req.timeout)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+
+class HTTPBasicAuthHandler(AbstractBasicAuthHandler, BaseHandler):
+
+    auth_header = 'Authorization'
+
+    def http_error_401(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        url = req.full_url
+        response = self.http_error_auth_reqed('www-authenticate',
+                                          url, req, headers)
+        self.reset_retry_count()
+        return response
+
+
+class ProxyBasicAuthHandler(AbstractBasicAuthHandler, BaseHandler):
+
+    auth_header = 'Proxy-authorization'
+
+    def http_error_407(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        # http_error_auth_reqed requires that there is no userinfo component in
+        # authority.  Assume there isn't one, since urllib.request does not (and
+        # should not, RFC 3986 s. 3.2.1) support requests for URLs containing
+        # userinfo.
+        authority = req.host
+        response = self.http_error_auth_reqed('proxy-authenticate',
+                                          authority, req, headers)
+        self.reset_retry_count()
+        return response
+
+
+# Return n random bytes.
+_randombytes = os.urandom
+
+
+class AbstractDigestAuthHandler(object):
+    # Digest authentication is specified in RFC 2617.
+
+    # XXX The client does not inspect the Authentication-Info header
+    # in a successful response.
+
+    # XXX It should be possible to test this implementation against
+    # a mock server that just generates a static set of challenges.
+
+    # XXX qop="auth-int" supports is shaky
+
+    def __init__(self, passwd=None):
+        if passwd is None:
+            passwd = HTTPPasswordMgr()
+        self.passwd = passwd
+        self.add_password = self.passwd.add_password
+        self.retried = 0
+        self.nonce_count = 0
+        self.last_nonce = None
+
+    def reset_retry_count(self):
+        self.retried = 0
+
+    def http_error_auth_reqed(self, auth_header, host, req, headers):
+        authreq = headers.get(auth_header, None)
+        if self.retried > 5:
+            # Don't fail endlessly - if we failed once, we'll probably
+            # fail a second time. Hm. Unless the Password Manager is
+            # prompting for the information. Crap. This isn't great
+            # but it's better than the current 'repeat until recursion
+            # depth exceeded' approach <wink>
+            raise HTTPError(req.full_url, 401, "digest auth failed",
+                            headers, None)
+        else:
+            self.retried += 1
+        if authreq:
+            scheme = authreq.split()[0]
+            if scheme.lower() == 'digest':
+                return self.retry_http_digest_auth(req, authreq)
+            elif scheme.lower() != 'basic':
+                raise ValueError("AbstractDigestAuthHandler does not support"
+                                 " the following scheme: '%s'" % scheme)
+
+    def retry_http_digest_auth(self, req, auth):
+        token, challenge = auth.split(' ', 1)
+        chal = parse_keqv_list(filter(None, parse_http_list(challenge)))
+        auth = self.get_authorization(req, chal)
+        if auth:
+            auth_val = 'Digest %s' % auth
+            if req.headers.get(self.auth_header, None) == auth_val:
+                return None
+            req.add_unredirected_header(self.auth_header, auth_val)
+            resp = self.parent.open(req, timeout=req.timeout)
+            return resp
+
+    def get_cnonce(self, nonce):
+        # The cnonce-value is an opaque
+        # quoted string value provided by the client and used by both client
+        # and server to avoid chosen plaintext attacks, to provide mutual
+        # authentication, and to provide some message integrity protection.
+        # This isn't a fabulous effort, but it's probably Good Enough.
+        s = "%s:%s:%s:" % (self.nonce_count, nonce, time.ctime())
+        b = s.encode("ascii") + _randombytes(8)
+        dig = hashlib.sha1(b).hexdigest()
+        return dig[:16]
+
+    def get_authorization(self, req, chal):
+        try:
+            realm = chal['realm']
+            nonce = chal['nonce']
+            qop = chal.get('qop')
+            algorithm = chal.get('algorithm', 'MD5')
+            # mod_digest doesn't send an opaque, even though it isn't
+            # supposed to be optional
+            opaque = chal.get('opaque', None)
+        except KeyError:
+            return None
+
+        H, KD = self.get_algorithm_impls(algorithm)
+        if H is None:
+            return None
+
+        user, pw = self.passwd.find_user_password(realm, req.full_url)
+        if user is None:
+            return None
+
+        # XXX not implemented yet
+        if req.data is not None:
+            entdig = self.get_entity_digest(req.data, chal)
+        else:
+            entdig = None
+
+        A1 = "%s:%s:%s" % (user, realm, pw)
+        A2 = "%s:%s" % (req.get_method(),
+                        # XXX selector: what about proxies and full urls
+                        req.selector)
+        if qop == 'auth':
+            if nonce == self.last_nonce:
+                self.nonce_count += 1
+            else:
+                self.nonce_count = 1
+                self.last_nonce = nonce
+            ncvalue = '%08x' % self.nonce_count
+            cnonce = self.get_cnonce(nonce)
+            noncebit = "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (nonce, ncvalue, cnonce, qop, H(A2))
+            respdig = KD(H(A1), noncebit)
+        elif qop is None:
+            respdig = KD(H(A1), "%s:%s" % (nonce, H(A2)))
+        else:
+            # XXX handle auth-int.
+            raise URLError("qop '%s' is not supported." % qop)
+
+        # XXX should the partial digests be encoded too?
+
+        base = 'username="%s", realm="%s", nonce="%s", uri="%s", ' \
+               'response="%s"' % (user, realm, nonce, req.selector,
+                                  respdig)
+        if opaque:
+            base += ', opaque="%s"' % opaque
+        if entdig:
+            base += ', digest="%s"' % entdig
+        base += ', algorithm="%s"' % algorithm
+        if qop:
+            base += ', qop=auth, nc=%s, cnonce="%s"' % (ncvalue, cnonce)
+        return base
+
+    def get_algorithm_impls(self, algorithm):
+        # lambdas assume digest modules are imported at the top level
+        if algorithm == 'MD5':
+            H = lambda x: hashlib.md5(x.encode("ascii")).hexdigest()
+        elif algorithm == 'SHA':
+            H = lambda x: hashlib.sha1(x.encode("ascii")).hexdigest()
+        # XXX MD5-sess
+        KD = lambda s, d: H("%s:%s" % (s, d))
+        return H, KD
+
+    def get_entity_digest(self, data, chal):
+        # XXX not implemented yet
+        return None
+
+
+class HTTPDigestAuthHandler(BaseHandler, AbstractDigestAuthHandler):
+    """An authentication protocol defined by RFC 2069
+
+    Digest authentication improves on basic authentication because it
+    does not transmit passwords in the clear.
+    """
+
+    auth_header = 'Authorization'
+    handler_order = 490  # before Basic auth
+
+    def http_error_401(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        host = urlparse(req.full_url)[1]
+        retry = self.http_error_auth_reqed('www-authenticate',
+                                           host, req, headers)
+        self.reset_retry_count()
+        return retry
+
+
+class ProxyDigestAuthHandler(BaseHandler, AbstractDigestAuthHandler):
+
+    auth_header = 'Proxy-Authorization'
+    handler_order = 490  # before Basic auth
+
+    def http_error_407(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers):
+        host = req.host
+        retry = self.http_error_auth_reqed('proxy-authenticate',
+                                           host, req, headers)
+        self.reset_retry_count()
+        return retry
+
+class AbstractHTTPHandler(BaseHandler):
+
+    def __init__(self, debuglevel=0):
+        self._debuglevel = debuglevel
+
+    def set_http_debuglevel(self, level):
+        self._debuglevel = level
+
+    def do_request_(self, request):
+        host = request.host
+        if not host:
+            raise URLError('no host given')
+
+        if request.data is not None:  # POST
+            data = request.data
+            if isinstance(data, str):
+                msg = "POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. " \
+                      "It cannot be of type str."
+                raise TypeError(msg)
+            if not request.has_header('Content-type'):
+                request.add_unredirected_header(
+                    'Content-type',
+                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+            if not request.has_header('Content-length'):
+                size = None
+                try:
+                    ### For Python-Future:
+                    if PY2 and isinstance(data, array.array):
+                        # memoryviews of arrays aren't supported
+                        # in Py2.7. (e.g. memoryview(array.array('I',
+                        # [1, 2, 3, 4])) raises a TypeError.)
+                        # So we calculate the size manually instead:
+                        size = len(data) * data.itemsize
+                    ###
+                    else:
+                        mv = memoryview(data)
+                        size = len(mv) * mv.itemsize
+                except TypeError:
+                    if isinstance(data, Iterable):
+                        raise ValueError("Content-Length should be specified "
+                                "for iterable data of type %r %r" % (type(data),
+                                data))
+                else:
+                    request.add_unredirected_header(
+                            'Content-length', '%d' % size)
+
+        sel_host = host
+        if request.has_proxy():
+            scheme, sel = splittype(request.selector)
+            sel_host, sel_path = splithost(sel)
+        if not request.has_header('Host'):
+            request.add_unredirected_header('Host', sel_host)
+        for name, value in self.parent.addheaders:
+            name = name.capitalize()
+            if not request.has_header(name):
+                request.add_unredirected_header(name, value)
+
+        return request
+
+    def do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args):
+        """Return an HTTPResponse object for the request, using http_class.
+
+        http_class must implement the HTTPConnection API from http.client.
+        """
+        host = req.host
+        if not host:
+            raise URLError('no host given')
+
+        # will parse host:port
+        h = http_class(host, timeout=req.timeout, **http_conn_args)
+
+        headers = dict(req.unredirected_hdrs)
+        headers.update(dict((k, v) for k, v in req.headers.items()
+                            if k not in headers))
+
+        # TODO(jhylton): Should this be redesigned to handle
+        # persistent connections?
+
+        # We want to make an HTTP/1.1 request, but the addinfourl
+        # class isn't prepared to deal with a persistent connection.
+        # It will try to read all remaining data from the socket,
+        # which will block while the server waits for the next request.
+        # So make sure the connection gets closed after the (only)
+        # request.
+        headers["Connection"] = "close"
+        headers = dict((name.title(), val) for name, val in headers.items())
+
+        if req._tunnel_host:
+            tunnel_headers = {}
+            proxy_auth_hdr = "Proxy-Authorization"
+            if proxy_auth_hdr in headers:
+                tunnel_headers[proxy_auth_hdr] = headers[proxy_auth_hdr]
+                # Proxy-Authorization should not be sent to origin
+                # server.
+                del headers[proxy_auth_hdr]
+            h.set_tunnel(req._tunnel_host, headers=tunnel_headers)
+
+        try:
+            h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers)
+        except socket.error as err: # timeout error
+            h.close()
+            raise URLError(err)
+        else:
+            r = h.getresponse()
+            # If the server does not send us a 'Connection: close' header,
+            # HTTPConnection assumes the socket should be left open. Manually
+            # mark the socket to be closed when this response object goes away.
+            if h.sock:
+                h.sock.close()
+                h.sock = None
+
+
+        r.url = req.get_full_url()
+        # This line replaces the .msg attribute of the HTTPResponse
+        # with .headers, because urllib clients expect the response to
+        # have the reason in .msg.  It would be good to mark this
+        # attribute is deprecated and get then to use info() or
+        # .headers.
+        r.msg = r.reason
+        return r
+
+
+class HTTPHandler(AbstractHTTPHandler):
+
+    def http_open(self, req):
+        return self.do_open(http_client.HTTPConnection, req)
+
+    http_request = AbstractHTTPHandler.do_request_
+
+if hasattr(http_client, 'HTTPSConnection'):
+
+    class HTTPSHandler(AbstractHTTPHandler):
+
+        def __init__(self, debuglevel=0, context=None, check_hostname=None):
+            AbstractHTTPHandler.__init__(self, debuglevel)
+            self._context = context
+            self._check_hostname = check_hostname
+
+        def https_open(self, req):
+            return self.do_open(http_client.HTTPSConnection, req,
+                context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
+
+        https_request = AbstractHTTPHandler.do_request_
+
+    __all__.append('HTTPSHandler')
+
+class HTTPCookieProcessor(BaseHandler):
+    def __init__(self, cookiejar=None):
+        import future.backports.http.cookiejar as http_cookiejar
+        if cookiejar is None:
+            cookiejar = http_cookiejar.CookieJar()
+        self.cookiejar = cookiejar
+
+    def http_request(self, request):
+        self.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(request)
+        return request
+
+    def http_response(self, request, response):
+        self.cookiejar.extract_cookies(response, request)
+        return response
+
+    https_request = http_request
+    https_response = http_response
+
+class UnknownHandler(BaseHandler):
+    def unknown_open(self, req):
+        type = req.type
+        raise URLError('unknown url type: %s' % type)
+
+def parse_keqv_list(l):
+    """Parse list of key=value strings where keys are not duplicated."""
+    parsed = {}
+    for elt in l:
+        k, v = elt.split('=', 1)
+        if v[0] == '"' and v[-1] == '"':
+            v = v[1:-1]
+        parsed[k] = v
+    return parsed
+
+def parse_http_list(s):
+    """Parse lists as described by RFC 2068 Section 2.
+
+    In particular, parse comma-separated lists where the elements of
+    the list may include quoted-strings.  A quoted-string could
+    contain a comma.  A non-quoted string could have quotes in the
+    middle.  Neither commas nor quotes count if they are escaped.
+    Only double-quotes count, not single-quotes.
+    """
+    res = []
+    part = ''
+
+    escape = quote = False
+    for cur in s:
+        if escape:
+            part += cur
+            escape = False
+            continue
+        if quote:
+            if cur == '\\':
+                escape = True
+                continue
+            elif cur == '"':
+                quote = False
+            part += cur
+            continue
+
+        if cur == ',':
+            res.append(part)
+            part = ''
+            continue
+
+        if cur == '"':
+            quote = True
+
+        part += cur
+
+    # append last part
+    if part:
+        res.append(part)
+
+    return [part.strip() for part in res]
+
+class FileHandler(BaseHandler):
+    # Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL
+    def file_open(self, req):
+        url = req.selector
+        if url[:2] == '//' and url[2:3] != '/' and (req.host and
+                req.host != 'localhost'):
+            if not req.host is self.get_names():
+                raise URLError("file:// scheme is supported only on localhost")
+        else:
+            return self.open_local_file(req)
+
+    # names for the localhost
+    names = None
+    def get_names(self):
+        if FileHandler.names is None:
+            try:
+                FileHandler.names = tuple(
+                    socket.gethostbyname_ex('localhost')[2] +
+                    socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2])
+            except socket.gaierror:
+                FileHandler.names = (socket.gethostbyname('localhost'),)
+        return FileHandler.names
+
+    # not entirely sure what the rules are here
+    def open_local_file(self, req):
+        import future.backports.email.utils as email_utils
+        import mimetypes
+        host = req.host
+        filename = req.selector
+        localfile = url2pathname(filename)
+        try:
+            stats = os.stat(localfile)
+            size = stats.st_size
+            modified = email_utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+            mtype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0]
+            headers = email.message_from_string(
+                'Content-type: %s\nContent-length: %d\nLast-modified: %s\n' %
+                (mtype or 'text/plain', size, modified))
+            if host:
+                host, port = splitport(host)
+            if not host or \
+                (not port and _safe_gethostbyname(host) in self.get_names()):
+                if host:
+                    origurl = 'file://' + host + filename
+                else:
+                    origurl = 'file://' + filename
+                return addinfourl(open(localfile, 'rb'), headers, origurl)
+        except OSError as exp:
+            # users shouldn't expect OSErrors coming from urlopen()
+            raise URLError(exp)
+        raise URLError('file not on local host')
+
+def _safe_gethostbyname(host):
+    try:
+        return socket.gethostbyname(host)
+    except socket.gaierror:
+        return None
+
+class FTPHandler(BaseHandler):
+    def ftp_open(self, req):
+        import ftplib
+        import mimetypes
+        host = req.host
+        if not host:
+            raise URLError('ftp error: no host given')
+        host, port = splitport(host)
+        if port is None:
+            port = ftplib.FTP_PORT
+        else:
+            port = int(port)
+
+        # username/password handling
+        user, host = splituser(host)
+        if user:
+            user, passwd = splitpasswd(user)
+        else:
+            passwd = None
+        host = unquote(host)
+        user = user or ''
+        passwd = passwd or ''
+
+        try:
+            host = socket.gethostbyname(host)
+        except socket.error as msg:
+            raise URLError(msg)
+        path, attrs = splitattr(req.selector)
+        dirs = path.split('/')
+        dirs = list(map(unquote, dirs))
+        dirs, file = dirs[:-1], dirs[-1]
+        if dirs and not dirs[0]:
+            dirs = dirs[1:]
+        try:
+            fw = self.connect_ftp(user, passwd, host, port, dirs, req.timeout)
+            type = file and 'I' or 'D'
+            for attr in attrs:
+                attr, value = splitvalue(attr)
+                if attr.lower() == 'type' and \
+                   value in ('a', 'A', 'i', 'I', 'd', 'D'):
+                    type = value.upper()
+            fp, retrlen = fw.retrfile(file, type)
+            headers = ""
+            mtype = mimetypes.guess_type(req.full_url)[0]
+            if mtype:
+                headers += "Content-type: %s\n" % mtype
+            if retrlen is not None and retrlen >= 0:
+                headers += "Content-length: %d\n" % retrlen
+            headers = email.message_from_string(headers)
+            return addinfourl(fp, headers, req.full_url)
+        except ftplib.all_errors as exp:
+            exc = URLError('ftp error: %r' % exp)
+            raise_with_traceback(exc)
+
+    def connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout):
+        return ftpwrapper(user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout,
+                          persistent=False)
+
+class CacheFTPHandler(FTPHandler):
+    # XXX would be nice to have pluggable cache strategies
+    # XXX this stuff is definitely not thread safe
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.cache = {}
+        self.timeout = {}
+        self.soonest = 0
+        self.delay = 60
+        self.max_conns = 16
+
+    def setTimeout(self, t):
+        self.delay = t
+
+    def setMaxConns(self, m):
+        self.max_conns = m
+
+    def connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout):
+        key = user, host, port, '/'.join(dirs), timeout
+        if key in self.cache:
+            self.timeout[key] = time.time() + self.delay
+        else:
+            self.cache[key] = ftpwrapper(user, passwd, host, port,
+                                         dirs, timeout)
+            self.timeout[key] = time.time() + self.delay
+        self.check_cache()
+        return self.cache[key]
+
+    def check_cache(self):
+        # first check for old ones
+        t = time.time()
+        if self.soonest <= t:
+            for k, v in list(self.timeout.items()):
+                if v < t:
+                    self.cache[k].close()
+                    del self.cache[k]
+                    del self.timeout[k]
+        self.soonest = min(list(self.timeout.values()))
+
+        # then check the size
+        if len(self.cache) == self.max_conns:
+            for k, v in list(self.timeout.items()):
+                if v == self.soonest:
+                    del self.cache[k]
+                    del self.timeout[k]
+                    break
+            self.soonest = min(list(self.timeout.values()))
+
+    def clear_cache(self):
+        for conn in self.cache.values():
+            conn.close()
+        self.cache.clear()
+        self.timeout.clear()
+
+
+# Code move from the old urllib module
+
+MAXFTPCACHE = 10        # Trim the ftp cache beyond this size
+
+# Helper for non-unix systems
+if os.name == 'nt':
+    from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
+else:
+    def url2pathname(pathname):
+        """OS-specific conversion from a relative URL of the 'file' scheme
+        to a file system path; not recommended for general use."""
+        return unquote(pathname)
+
+    def pathname2url(pathname):
+        """OS-specific conversion from a file system path to a relative URL
+        of the 'file' scheme; not recommended for general use."""
+        return quote(pathname)
+
+# This really consists of two pieces:
+# (1) a class which handles opening of all sorts of URLs
+#     (plus assorted utilities etc.)
+# (2) a set of functions for parsing URLs
+# XXX Should these be separated out into different modules?
+
+
+ftpcache = {}
+class URLopener(object):
+    """Class to open URLs.
+    This is a class rather than just a subroutine because we may need
+    more than one set of global protocol-specific options.
+    Note -- this is a base class for those who don't want the
+    automatic handling of errors type 302 (relocated) and 401
+    (authorization needed)."""
+
+    __tempfiles = None
+
+    version = "Python-urllib/%s" % __version__
+
+    # Constructor
+    def __init__(self, proxies=None, **x509):
+        msg = "%(class)s style of invoking requests is deprecated. " \
+              "Use newer urlopen functions/methods" % {'class': self.__class__.__name__}
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
+        if proxies is None:
+            proxies = getproxies()
+        assert hasattr(proxies, 'keys'), "proxies must be a mapping"
+        self.proxies = proxies
+        self.key_file = x509.get('key_file')
+        self.cert_file = x509.get('cert_file')
+        self.addheaders = [('User-Agent', self.version)]
+        self.__tempfiles = []
+        self.__unlink = os.unlink # See cleanup()
+        self.tempcache = None
+        # Undocumented feature: if you assign {} to tempcache,
+        # it is used to cache files retrieved with
+        # self.retrieve().  This is not enabled by default
+        # since it does not work for changing documents (and I
+        # haven't got the logic to check expiration headers
+        # yet).
+        self.ftpcache = ftpcache
+        # Undocumented feature: you can use a different
+        # ftp cache by assigning to the .ftpcache member;
+        # in case you want logically independent URL openers
+        # XXX This is not threadsafe.  Bah.
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.cleanup()
+
+    def cleanup(self):
+        # This code sometimes runs when the rest of this module
+        # has already been deleted, so it can't use any globals
+        # or import anything.
+        if self.__tempfiles:
+            for file in self.__tempfiles:
+                try:
+                    self.__unlink(file)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+            del self.__tempfiles[:]
+        if self.tempcache:
+            self.tempcache.clear()
+
+    def addheader(self, *args):
+        """Add a header to be used by the HTTP interface only
+        e.g. u.addheader('Accept', 'sound/basic')"""
+        self.addheaders.append(args)
+
+    # External interface
+    def open(self, fullurl, data=None):
+        """Use URLopener().open(file) instead of open(file, 'r')."""
+        fullurl = unwrap(to_bytes(fullurl))
+        fullurl = quote(fullurl, safe="%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|")
+        if self.tempcache and fullurl in self.tempcache:
+            filename, headers = self.tempcache[fullurl]
+            fp = open(filename, 'rb')
+            return addinfourl(fp, headers, fullurl)
+        urltype, url = splittype(fullurl)
+        if not urltype:
+            urltype = 'file'
+        if urltype in self.proxies:
+            proxy = self.proxies[urltype]
+            urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
+            host, selector = splithost(proxyhost)
+            url = (host, fullurl) # Signal special case to open_*()
+        else:
+            proxy = None
+        name = 'open_' + urltype
+        self.type = urltype
+        name = name.replace('-', '_')
+        if not hasattr(self, name):
+            if proxy:
+                return self.open_unknown_proxy(proxy, fullurl, data)
+            else:
+                return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
+        try:
+            if data is None:
+                return getattr(self, name)(url)
+            else:
+                return getattr(self, name)(url, data)
+        except HTTPError:
+            raise
+        except socket.error as msg:
+            raise_with_traceback(IOError('socket error', msg))
+
+    def open_unknown(self, fullurl, data=None):
+        """Overridable interface to open unknown URL type."""
+        type, url = splittype(fullurl)
+        raise IOError('url error', 'unknown url type', type)
+
+    def open_unknown_proxy(self, proxy, fullurl, data=None):
+        """Overridable interface to open unknown URL type."""
+        type, url = splittype(fullurl)
+        raise IOError('url error', 'invalid proxy for %s' % type, proxy)
+
+    # External interface
+    def retrieve(self, url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None):
+        """retrieve(url) returns (filename, headers) for a local object
+        or (tempfilename, headers) for a remote object."""
+        url = unwrap(to_bytes(url))
+        if self.tempcache and url in self.tempcache:
+            return self.tempcache[url]
+        type, url1 = splittype(url)
+        if filename is None and (not type or type == 'file'):
+            try:
+                fp = self.open_local_file(url1)
+                hdrs = fp.info()
+                fp.close()
+                return url2pathname(splithost(url1)[1]), hdrs
+            except IOError as msg:
+                pass
+        fp = self.open(url, data)
+        try:
+            headers = fp.info()
+            if filename:
+                tfp = open(filename, 'wb')
+            else:
+                import tempfile
+                garbage, path = splittype(url)
+                garbage, path = splithost(path or "")
+                path, garbage = splitquery(path or "")
+                path, garbage = splitattr(path or "")
+                suffix = os.path.splitext(path)[1]
+                (fd, filename) = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix)
+                self.__tempfiles.append(filename)
+                tfp = os.fdopen(fd, 'wb')
+            try:
+                result = filename, headers
+                if self.tempcache is not None:
+                    self.tempcache[url] = result
+                bs = 1024*8
+                size = -1
+                read = 0
+                blocknum = 0
+                if "content-length" in headers:
+                    size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
+                if reporthook:
+                    reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
+                while 1:
+                    block = fp.read(bs)
+                    if not block:
+                        break
+                    read += len(block)
+                    tfp.write(block)
+                    blocknum += 1
+                    if reporthook:
+                        reporthook(blocknum, bs, size)
+            finally:
+                tfp.close()
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+        # raise exception if actual size does not match content-length header
+        if size >= 0 and read < size:
+            raise ContentTooShortError(
+                "retrieval incomplete: got only %i out of %i bytes"
+                % (read, size), result)
+
+        return result
+
+    # Each method named open_<type> knows how to open that type of URL
+
+    def _open_generic_http(self, connection_factory, url, data):
+        """Make an HTTP connection using connection_class.
+
+        This is an internal method that should be called from
+        open_http() or open_https().
+
+        Arguments:
+        - connection_factory should take a host name and return an
+          HTTPConnection instance.
+        - url is the url to retrieval or a host, relative-path pair.
+        - data is payload for a POST request or None.
+        """
+
+        user_passwd = None
+        proxy_passwd= None
+        if isinstance(url, str):
+            host, selector = splithost(url)
+            if host:
+                user_passwd, host = splituser(host)
+                host = unquote(host)
+            realhost = host
+        else:
+            host, selector = url
+            # check whether the proxy contains authorization information
+            proxy_passwd, host = splituser(host)
+            # now we proceed with the url we want to obtain
+            urltype, rest = splittype(selector)
+            url = rest
+            user_passwd = None
+            if urltype.lower() != 'http':
+                realhost = None
+            else:
+                realhost, rest = splithost(rest)
+                if realhost:
+                    user_passwd, realhost = splituser(realhost)
+                if user_passwd:
+                    selector = "%s://%s%s" % (urltype, realhost, rest)
+                if proxy_bypass(realhost):
+                    host = realhost
+
+        if not host: raise IOError('http error', 'no host given')
+
+        if proxy_passwd:
+            proxy_passwd = unquote(proxy_passwd)
+            proxy_auth = base64.b64encode(proxy_passwd.encode()).decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            proxy_auth = None
+
+        if user_passwd:
+            user_passwd = unquote(user_passwd)
+            auth = base64.b64encode(user_passwd.encode()).decode('ascii')
+        else:
+            auth = None
+        http_conn = connection_factory(host)
+        headers = {}
+        if proxy_auth:
+            headers["Proxy-Authorization"] = "Basic %s" % proxy_auth
+        if auth:
+            headers["Authorization"] =  "Basic %s" % auth
+        if realhost:
+            headers["Host"] = realhost
+
+        # Add Connection:close as we don't support persistent connections yet.
+        # This helps in closing the socket and avoiding ResourceWarning
+
+        headers["Connection"] = "close"
+
+        for header, value in self.addheaders:
+            headers[header] = value
+
+        if data is not None:
+            headers["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+            http_conn.request("POST", selector, data, headers)
+        else:
+            http_conn.request("GET", selector, headers=headers)
+
+        try:
+            response = http_conn.getresponse()
+        except http_client.BadStatusLine:
+            # something went wrong with the HTTP status line
+            raise URLError("http protocol error: bad status line")
+
+        # According to RFC 2616, "2xx" code indicates that the client's
+        # request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
+        if 200 <= response.status < 300:
+            return addinfourl(response, response.msg, "http:" + url,
+                              response.status)
+        else:
+            return self.http_error(
+                url, response.fp,
+                response.status, response.reason, response.msg, data)
+
+    def open_http(self, url, data=None):
+        """Use HTTP protocol."""
+        return self._open_generic_http(http_client.HTTPConnection, url, data)
+
+    def http_error(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
+        """Handle http errors.
+
+        Derived class can override this, or provide specific handlers
+        named http_error_DDD where DDD is the 3-digit error code."""
+        # First check if there's a specific handler for this error
+        name = 'http_error_%d' % errcode
+        if hasattr(self, name):
+            method = getattr(self, name)
+            if data is None:
+                result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
+            else:
+                result = method(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
+            if result: return result
+        return self.http_error_default(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
+
+    def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
+        """Default error handler: close the connection and raise IOError."""
+        fp.close()
+        raise HTTPError(url, errcode, errmsg, headers, None)
+
+    if _have_ssl:
+        def _https_connection(self, host):
+            return http_client.HTTPSConnection(host,
+                                           key_file=self.key_file,
+                                           cert_file=self.cert_file)
+
+        def open_https(self, url, data=None):
+            """Use HTTPS protocol."""
+            return self._open_generic_http(self._https_connection, url, data)
+
+    def open_file(self, url):
+        """Use local file or FTP depending on form of URL."""
+        if not isinstance(url, str):
+            raise URLError('file error: proxy support for file protocol currently not implemented')
+        if url[:2] == '//' and url[2:3] != '/' and url[2:12].lower() != 'localhost/':
+            raise ValueError("file:// scheme is supported only on localhost")
+        else:
+            return self.open_local_file(url)
+
+    def open_local_file(self, url):
+        """Use local file."""
+        import future.backports.email.utils as email_utils
+        import mimetypes
+        host, file = splithost(url)
+        localname = url2pathname(file)
+        try:
+            stats = os.stat(localname)
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise URLError(e.strerror, e.filename)
+        size = stats.st_size
+        modified = email_utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+        mtype = mimetypes.guess_type(url)[0]
+        headers = email.message_from_string(
+            'Content-Type: %s\nContent-Length: %d\nLast-modified: %s\n' %
+            (mtype or 'text/plain', size, modified))
+        if not host:
+            urlfile = file
+            if file[:1] == '/':
+                urlfile = 'file://' + file
+            return addinfourl(open(localname, 'rb'), headers, urlfile)
+        host, port = splitport(host)
+        if (not port
+           and socket.gethostbyname(host) in ((localhost(),) + thishost())):
+            urlfile = file
+            if file[:1] == '/':
+                urlfile = 'file://' + file
+            elif file[:2] == './':
+                raise ValueError("local file url may start with / or file:. Unknown url of type: %s" % url)
+            return addinfourl(open(localname, 'rb'), headers, urlfile)
+        raise URLError('local file error: not on local host')
+
+    def open_ftp(self, url):
+        """Use FTP protocol."""
+        if not isinstance(url, str):
+            raise URLError('ftp error: proxy support for ftp protocol currently not implemented')
+        import mimetypes
+        host, path = splithost(url)
+        if not host: raise URLError('ftp error: no host given')
+        host, port = splitport(host)
+        user, host = splituser(host)
+        if user: user, passwd = splitpasswd(user)
+        else: passwd = None
+        host = unquote(host)
+        user = unquote(user or '')
+        passwd = unquote(passwd or '')
+        host = socket.gethostbyname(host)
+        if not port:
+            import ftplib
+            port = ftplib.FTP_PORT
+        else:
+            port = int(port)
+        path, attrs = splitattr(path)
+        path = unquote(path)
+        dirs = path.split('/')
+        dirs, file = dirs[:-1], dirs[-1]
+        if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs = dirs[1:]
+        if dirs and not dirs[0]: dirs[0] = '/'
+        key = user, host, port, '/'.join(dirs)
+        # XXX thread unsafe!
+        if len(self.ftpcache) > MAXFTPCACHE:
+            # Prune the cache, rather arbitrarily
+            for k in self.ftpcache.keys():
+                if k != key:
+                    v = self.ftpcache[k]
+                    del self.ftpcache[k]
+                    v.close()
+        try:
+            if key not in self.ftpcache:
+                self.ftpcache[key] = \
+                    ftpwrapper(user, passwd, host, port, dirs)
+            if not file: type = 'D'
+            else: type = 'I'
+            for attr in attrs:
+                attr, value = splitvalue(attr)
+                if attr.lower() == 'type' and \
+                   value in ('a', 'A', 'i', 'I', 'd', 'D'):
+                    type = value.upper()
+            (fp, retrlen) = self.ftpcache[key].retrfile(file, type)
+            mtype = mimetypes.guess_type("ftp:" + url)[0]
+            headers = ""
+            if mtype:
+                headers += "Content-Type: %s\n" % mtype
+            if retrlen is not None and retrlen >= 0:
+                headers += "Content-Length: %d\n" % retrlen
+            headers = email.message_from_string(headers)
+            return addinfourl(fp, headers, "ftp:" + url)
+        except ftperrors() as exp:
+            raise_with_traceback(URLError('ftp error %r' % exp))
+
+    def open_data(self, url, data=None):
+        """Use "data" URL."""
+        if not isinstance(url, str):
+            raise URLError('data error: proxy support for data protocol currently not implemented')
+        # ignore POSTed data
+        #
+        # syntax of data URLs:
+        # dataurl   := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
+        # mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
+        # data      := *urlchar
+        # parameter := attribute "=" value
+        try:
+            [type, data] = url.split(',', 1)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise IOError('data error', 'bad data URL')
+        if not type:
+            type = 'text/plain;charset=US-ASCII'
+        semi = type.rfind(';')
+        if semi >= 0 and '=' not in type[semi:]:
+            encoding = type[semi+1:]
+            type = type[:semi]
+        else:
+            encoding = ''
+        msg = []
+        msg.append('Date: %s'%time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT',
+                                            time.gmtime(time.time())))
+        msg.append('Content-type: %s' % type)
+        if encoding == 'base64':
+            # XXX is this encoding/decoding ok?
+            data = base64.decodebytes(data.encode('ascii')).decode('latin-1')
+        else:
+            data = unquote(data)
+        msg.append('Content-Length: %d' % len(data))
+        msg.append('')
+        msg.append(data)
+        msg = '\n'.join(msg)
+        headers = email.message_from_string(msg)
+        f = io.StringIO(msg)
+        #f.fileno = None     # needed for addinfourl
+        return addinfourl(f, headers, url)
+
+
+class FancyURLopener(URLopener):
+    """Derived class with handlers for errors we can handle (perhaps)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        URLopener.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.auth_cache = {}
+        self.tries = 0
+        self.maxtries = 10
+
+    def http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers):
+        """Default error handling -- don't raise an exception."""
+        return addinfourl(fp, headers, "http:" + url, errcode)
+
+    def http_error_302(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
+        """Error 302 -- relocated (temporarily)."""
+        self.tries += 1
+        if self.maxtries and self.tries >= self.maxtries:
+            if hasattr(self, "http_error_500"):
+                meth = self.http_error_500
+            else:
+                meth = self.http_error_default
+            self.tries = 0
+            return meth(url, fp, 500,
+                        "Internal Server Error: Redirect Recursion", headers)
+        result = self.redirect_internal(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers,
+                                        data)
+        self.tries = 0
+        return result
+
+    def redirect_internal(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data):
+        if 'location' in headers:
+            newurl = headers['location']
+        elif 'uri' in headers:
+            newurl = headers['uri']
+        else:
+            return
+        fp.close()
+
+        # In case the server sent a relative URL, join with original:
+        newurl = urljoin(self.type + ":" + url, newurl)
+
+        urlparts = urlparse(newurl)
+
+        # For security reasons, we don't allow redirection to anything other
+        # than http, https and ftp.
+
+        # We are using newer HTTPError with older redirect_internal method
+        # This older method will get deprecated in 3.3
+
+        if urlparts.scheme not in ('http', 'https', 'ftp', ''):
+            raise HTTPError(newurl, errcode,
+                            errmsg +
+                            " Redirection to url '%s' is not allowed." % newurl,
+                            headers, fp)
+
+        return self.open(newurl)
+
+    def http_error_301(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
+        """Error 301 -- also relocated (permanently)."""
+        return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
+
+    def http_error_303(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
+        """Error 303 -- also relocated (essentially identical to 302)."""
+        return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
+
+    def http_error_307(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None):
+        """Error 307 -- relocated, but turn POST into error."""
+        if data is None:
+            return self.http_error_302(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
+        else:
+            return self.http_error_default(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
+
+    def http_error_401(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None,
+            retry=False):
+        """Error 401 -- authentication required.
+        This function supports Basic authentication only."""
+        if 'www-authenticate' not in headers:
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
+                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
+        stuff = headers['www-authenticate']
+        match = re.match('[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm="([^"]*)"', stuff)
+        if not match:
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
+                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
+        scheme, realm = match.groups()
+        if scheme.lower() != 'basic':
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
+                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
+        if not retry:
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg,
+                    headers)
+        name = 'retry_' + self.type + '_basic_auth'
+        if data is None:
+            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm)
+        else:
+            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm, data)
+
+    def http_error_407(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data=None,
+            retry=False):
+        """Error 407 -- proxy authentication required.
+        This function supports Basic authentication only."""
+        if 'proxy-authenticate' not in headers:
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
+                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
+        stuff = headers['proxy-authenticate']
+        match = re.match('[ \t]*([^ \t]+)[ \t]+realm="([^"]*)"', stuff)
+        if not match:
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
+                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
+        scheme, realm = match.groups()
+        if scheme.lower() != 'basic':
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp,
+                                         errcode, errmsg, headers)
+        if not retry:
+            URLopener.http_error_default(self, url, fp, errcode, errmsg,
+                    headers)
+        name = 'retry_proxy_' + self.type + '_basic_auth'
+        if data is None:
+            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm)
+        else:
+            return getattr(self,name)(url, realm, data)
+
+    def retry_proxy_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
+        host, selector = splithost(url)
+        newurl = 'http://' + host + selector
+        proxy = self.proxies['http']
+        urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
+        proxyhost, proxyselector = splithost(proxyhost)
+        i = proxyhost.find('@') + 1
+        proxyhost = proxyhost[i:]
+        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(proxyhost, realm, i)
+        if not (user or passwd): return None
+        proxyhost = "%s:%s@%s" % (quote(user, safe=''),
+                                  quote(passwd, safe=''), proxyhost)
+        self.proxies['http'] = 'http://' + proxyhost + proxyselector
+        if data is None:
+            return self.open(newurl)
+        else:
+            return self.open(newurl, data)
+
+    def retry_proxy_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
+        host, selector = splithost(url)
+        newurl = 'https://' + host + selector
+        proxy = self.proxies['https']
+        urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
+        proxyhost, proxyselector = splithost(proxyhost)
+        i = proxyhost.find('@') + 1
+        proxyhost = proxyhost[i:]
+        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(proxyhost, realm, i)
+        if not (user or passwd): return None
+        proxyhost = "%s:%s@%s" % (quote(user, safe=''),
+                                  quote(passwd, safe=''), proxyhost)
+        self.proxies['https'] = 'https://' + proxyhost + proxyselector
+        if data is None:
+            return self.open(newurl)
+        else:
+            return self.open(newurl, data)
+
+    def retry_http_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
+        host, selector = splithost(url)
+        i = host.find('@') + 1
+        host = host[i:]
+        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
+        if not (user or passwd): return None
+        host = "%s:%s@%s" % (quote(user, safe=''),
+                             quote(passwd, safe=''), host)
+        newurl = 'http://' + host + selector
+        if data is None:
+            return self.open(newurl)
+        else:
+            return self.open(newurl, data)
+
+    def retry_https_basic_auth(self, url, realm, data=None):
+        host, selector = splithost(url)
+        i = host.find('@') + 1
+        host = host[i:]
+        user, passwd = self.get_user_passwd(host, realm, i)
+        if not (user or passwd): return None
+        host = "%s:%s@%s" % (quote(user, safe=''),
+                             quote(passwd, safe=''), host)
+        newurl = 'https://' + host + selector
+        if data is None:
+            return self.open(newurl)
+        else:
+            return self.open(newurl, data)
+
+    def get_user_passwd(self, host, realm, clear_cache=0):
+        key = realm + '@' + host.lower()
+        if key in self.auth_cache:
+            if clear_cache:
+                del self.auth_cache[key]
+            else:
+                return self.auth_cache[key]
+        user, passwd = self.prompt_user_passwd(host, realm)
+        if user or passwd: self.auth_cache[key] = (user, passwd)
+        return user, passwd
+
+    def prompt_user_passwd(self, host, realm):
+        """Override this in a GUI environment!"""
+        import getpass
+        try:
+            user = input("Enter username for %s at %s: " % (realm, host))
+            passwd = getpass.getpass("Enter password for %s in %s at %s: " %
+                (user, realm, host))
+            return user, passwd
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            print()
+            return None, None
+
+
+# Utility functions
+
+_localhost = None
+def localhost():
+    """Return the IP address of the magic hostname 'localhost'."""
+    global _localhost
+    if _localhost is None:
+        _localhost = socket.gethostbyname('localhost')
+    return _localhost
+
+_thishost = None
+def thishost():
+    """Return the IP addresses of the current host."""
+    global _thishost
+    if _thishost is None:
+        try:
+            _thishost = tuple(socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2])
+        except socket.gaierror:
+            _thishost = tuple(socket.gethostbyname_ex('localhost')[2])
+    return _thishost
+
+_ftperrors = None
+def ftperrors():
+    """Return the set of errors raised by the FTP class."""
+    global _ftperrors
+    if _ftperrors is None:
+        import ftplib
+        _ftperrors = ftplib.all_errors
+    return _ftperrors
+
+_noheaders = None
+def noheaders():
+    """Return an empty email Message object."""
+    global _noheaders
+    if _noheaders is None:
+        _noheaders = email.message_from_string("")
+    return _noheaders
+
+
+# Utility classes
+
+class ftpwrapper(object):
+    """Class used by open_ftp() for cache of open FTP connections."""
+
+    def __init__(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs, timeout=None,
+                 persistent=True):
+        self.user = user
+        self.passwd = passwd
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.dirs = dirs
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.refcount = 0
+        self.keepalive = persistent
+        self.init()
+
+    def init(self):
+        import ftplib
+        self.busy = 0
+        self.ftp = ftplib.FTP()
+        self.ftp.connect(self.host, self.port, self.timeout)
+        self.ftp.login(self.user, self.passwd)
+        _target = '/'.join(self.dirs)
+        self.ftp.cwd(_target)
+
+    def retrfile(self, file, type):
+        import ftplib
+        self.endtransfer()
+        if type in ('d', 'D'): cmd = 'TYPE A'; isdir = 1
+        else: cmd = 'TYPE ' + type; isdir = 0
+        try:
+            self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
+        except ftplib.all_errors:
+            self.init()
+            self.ftp.voidcmd(cmd)
+        conn = None
+        if file and not isdir:
+            # Try to retrieve as a file
+            try:
+                cmd = 'RETR ' + file
+                conn, retrlen = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
+            except ftplib.error_perm as reason:
+                if str(reason)[:3] != '550':
+                    raise_with_traceback(URLError('ftp error: %r' % reason))
+        if not conn:
+            # Set transfer mode to ASCII!
+            self.ftp.voidcmd('TYPE A')
+            # Try a directory listing. Verify that directory exists.
+            if file:
+                pwd = self.ftp.pwd()
+                try:
+                    try:
+                        self.ftp.cwd(file)
+                    except ftplib.error_perm as reason:
+                        ### Was:
+                        # raise URLError('ftp error: %r' % reason) from reason
+                        exc = URLError('ftp error: %r' % reason)
+                        exc.__cause__ = reason
+                        raise exc
+                finally:
+                    self.ftp.cwd(pwd)
+                cmd = 'LIST ' + file
+            else:
+                cmd = 'LIST'
+            conn, retrlen = self.ftp.ntransfercmd(cmd)
+        self.busy = 1
+
+        ftpobj = addclosehook(conn.makefile('rb'), self.file_close)
+        self.refcount += 1
+        conn.close()
+        # Pass back both a suitably decorated object and a retrieval length
+        return (ftpobj, retrlen)
+
+    def endtransfer(self):
+        self.busy = 0
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.keepalive = False
+        if self.refcount <= 0:
+            self.real_close()
+
+    def file_close(self):
+        self.endtransfer()
+        self.refcount -= 1
+        if self.refcount <= 0 and not self.keepalive:
+            self.real_close()
+
+    def real_close(self):
+        self.endtransfer()
+        try:
+            self.ftp.close()
+        except ftperrors():
+            pass
+
+# Proxy handling
+def getproxies_environment():
+    """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
+
+    Scan the environment for variables named <scheme>_proxy;
+    this seems to be the standard convention.  If you need a
+    different way, you can pass a proxies dictionary to the
+    [Fancy]URLopener constructor.
+
+    """
+    proxies = {}
+    for name, value in os.environ.items():
+        name = name.lower()
+        if value and name[-6:] == '_proxy':
+            proxies[name[:-6]] = value
+    return proxies
+
+def proxy_bypass_environment(host):
+    """Test if proxies should not be used for a particular host.
+
+    Checks the environment for a variable named no_proxy, which should
+    be a list of DNS suffixes separated by commas, or '*' for all hosts.
+    """
+    no_proxy = os.environ.get('no_proxy', '') or os.environ.get('NO_PROXY', '')
+    # '*' is special case for always bypass
+    if no_proxy == '*':
+        return 1
+    # strip port off host
+    hostonly, port = splitport(host)
+    # check if the host ends with any of the DNS suffixes
+    no_proxy_list = [proxy.strip() for proxy in no_proxy.split(',')]
+    for name in no_proxy_list:
+        if name and (hostonly.endswith(name) or host.endswith(name)):
+            return 1
+    # otherwise, don't bypass
+    return 0
+
+
+# This code tests an OSX specific data structure but is testable on all
+# platforms
+def _proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host, proxy_settings):
+    """
+    Return True iff this host shouldn't be accessed using a proxy
+
+    This function uses the MacOSX framework SystemConfiguration
+    to fetch the proxy information.
+
+    proxy_settings come from _scproxy._get_proxy_settings or get mocked ie:
+    { 'exclude_simple': bool,
+      'exceptions': ['foo.bar', '*.bar.com', '127.0.0.1', '10.1', '10.0/16']
+    }
+    """
+    from fnmatch import fnmatch
+
+    hostonly, port = splitport(host)
+
+    def ip2num(ipAddr):
+        parts = ipAddr.split('.')
+        parts = list(map(int, parts))
+        if len(parts) != 4:
+            parts = (parts + [0, 0, 0, 0])[:4]
+        return (parts[0] << 24) | (parts[1] << 16) | (parts[2] << 8) | parts[3]
+
+    # Check for simple host names:
+    if '.' not in host:
+        if proxy_settings['exclude_simple']:
+            return True
+
+    hostIP = None
+
+    for value in proxy_settings.get('exceptions', ()):
+        # Items in the list are strings like these: *.local, 169.254/16
+        if not value: continue
+
+        m = re.match(r"(\d+(?:\.\d+)*)(/\d+)?", value)
+        if m is not None:
+            if hostIP is None:
+                try:
+                    hostIP = socket.gethostbyname(hostonly)
+                    hostIP = ip2num(hostIP)
+                except socket.error:
+                    continue
+
+            base = ip2num(m.group(1))
+            mask = m.group(2)
+            if mask is None:
+                mask = 8 * (m.group(1).count('.') + 1)
+            else:
+                mask = int(mask[1:])
+            mask = 32 - mask
+
+            if (hostIP >> mask) == (base >> mask):
+                return True
+
+        elif fnmatch(host, value):
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+    from _scproxy import _get_proxy_settings, _get_proxies
+
+    def proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host):
+        proxy_settings = _get_proxy_settings()
+        return _proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host, proxy_settings)
+
+    def getproxies_macosx_sysconf():
+        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
+
+        This function uses the MacOSX framework SystemConfiguration
+        to fetch the proxy information.
+        """
+        return _get_proxies()
+
+
+
+    def proxy_bypass(host):
+        if getproxies_environment():
+            return proxy_bypass_environment(host)
+        else:
+            return proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host)
+
+    def getproxies():
+        return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_macosx_sysconf()
+
+
+elif os.name == 'nt':
+    def getproxies_registry():
+        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
+
+        Win32 uses the registry to store proxies.
+
+        """
+        proxies = {}
+        try:
+            import winreg
+        except ImportError:
+            # Std module, so should be around - but you never know!
+            return proxies
+        try:
+            internetSettings = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings')
+            proxyEnable = winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
+                                               'ProxyEnable')[0]
+            if proxyEnable:
+                # Returned as Unicode but problems if not converted to ASCII
+                proxyServer = str(winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
+                                                       'ProxyServer')[0])
+                if '=' in proxyServer:
+                    # Per-protocol settings
+                    for p in proxyServer.split(';'):
+                        protocol, address = p.split('=', 1)
+                        # See if address has a type:// prefix
+                        if not re.match('^([^/:]+)://', address):
+                            address = '%s://%s' % (protocol, address)
+                        proxies[protocol] = address
+                else:
+                    # Use one setting for all protocols
+                    if proxyServer[:5] == 'http:':
+                        proxies['http'] = proxyServer
+                    else:
+                        proxies['http'] = 'http://%s' % proxyServer
+                        proxies['https'] = 'https://%s' % proxyServer
+                        proxies['ftp'] = 'ftp://%s' % proxyServer
+            internetSettings.Close()
+        except (WindowsError, ValueError, TypeError):
+            # Either registry key not found etc, or the value in an
+            # unexpected format.
+            # proxies already set up to be empty so nothing to do
+            pass
+        return proxies
+
+    def getproxies():
+        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
+
+        Returns settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
+        or the registry.
+
+        """
+        return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_registry()
+
+    def proxy_bypass_registry(host):
+        try:
+            import winreg
+        except ImportError:
+            # Std modules, so should be around - but you never know!
+            return 0
+        try:
+            internetSettings = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings')
+            proxyEnable = winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
+                                               'ProxyEnable')[0]
+            proxyOverride = str(winreg.QueryValueEx(internetSettings,
+                                                     'ProxyOverride')[0])
+            # ^^^^ Returned as Unicode but problems if not converted to ASCII
+        except WindowsError:
+            return 0
+        if not proxyEnable or not proxyOverride:
+            return 0
+        # try to make a host list from name and IP address.
+        rawHost, port = splitport(host)
+        host = [rawHost]
+        try:
+            addr = socket.gethostbyname(rawHost)
+            if addr != rawHost:
+                host.append(addr)
+        except socket.error:
+            pass
+        try:
+            fqdn = socket.getfqdn(rawHost)
+            if fqdn != rawHost:
+                host.append(fqdn)
+        except socket.error:
+            pass
+        # make a check value list from the registry entry: replace the
+        # '<local>' string by the localhost entry and the corresponding
+        # canonical entry.
+        proxyOverride = proxyOverride.split(';')
+        # now check if we match one of the registry values.
+        for test in proxyOverride:
+            if test == '<local>':
+                if '.' not in rawHost:
+                    return 1
+            test = test.replace(".", r"\.")     # mask dots
+            test = test.replace("*", r".*")     # change glob sequence
+            test = test.replace("?", r".")      # change glob char
+            for val in host:
+                if re.match(test, val, re.I):
+                    return 1
+        return 0
+
+    def proxy_bypass(host):
+        """Return a dictionary of scheme -> proxy server URL mappings.
+
+        Returns settings gathered from the environment, if specified,
+        or the registry.
+
+        """
+        if getproxies_environment():
+            return proxy_bypass_environment(host)
+        else:
+            return proxy_bypass_registry(host)
+
+else:
+    # By default use environment variables
+    getproxies = getproxies_environment
+    proxy_bypass = proxy_bypass_environment
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/response.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adbf6e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""Response classes used by urllib.
+
+The base class, addbase, defines a minimal file-like interface,
+including read() and readline().  The typical response object is an
+addinfourl instance, which defines an info() method that returns
+headers and a geturl() method that returns the url.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import object
+
+class addbase(object):
+    """Base class for addinfo and addclosehook."""
+
+    # XXX Add a method to expose the timeout on the underlying socket?
+
+    def __init__(self, fp):
+        # TODO(jhylton): Is there a better way to delegate using io?
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.read = self.fp.read
+        self.readline = self.fp.readline
+        # TODO(jhylton): Make sure an object with readlines() is also iterable
+        if hasattr(self.fp, "readlines"):
+            self.readlines = self.fp.readlines
+        if hasattr(self.fp, "fileno"):
+            self.fileno = self.fp.fileno
+        else:
+            self.fileno = lambda: None
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Assigning `__iter__` to the instance doesn't work as intended
+        # because the iter builtin does something like `cls.__iter__(obj)`
+        # and thus fails to find the _bound_ method `obj.__iter__`.
+        # Returning just `self.fp` works for built-in file objects but
+        # might not work for general file-like objects.
+        return iter(self.fp)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s at %r whose fp = %r>' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                                             id(self), self.fp)
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self.fp:
+            self.fp.close()
+        self.fp = None
+        self.read = None
+        self.readline = None
+        self.readlines = None
+        self.fileno = None
+        self.__iter__ = None
+        self.__next__ = None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self.fp is None:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file")
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        self.close()
+
+class addclosehook(addbase):
+    """Class to add a close hook to an open file."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fp, closehook, *hookargs):
+        addbase.__init__(self, fp)
+        self.closehook = closehook
+        self.hookargs = hookargs
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self.closehook:
+            self.closehook(*self.hookargs)
+            self.closehook = None
+            self.hookargs = None
+        addbase.close(self)
+
+class addinfo(addbase):
+    """class to add an info() method to an open file."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fp, headers):
+        addbase.__init__(self, fp)
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers
+
+class addinfourl(addbase):
+    """class to add info() and geturl() methods to an open file."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fp, headers, url, code=None):
+        addbase.__init__(self, fp)
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.url = url
+        self.code = code
+
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers
+
+    def getcode(self):
+        return self.code
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        return self.url
+
+del absolute_import, division, unicode_literals, object
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/robotparser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/robotparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0f3651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/urllib/robotparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import str
+""" robotparser.py
+
+    Copyright (C) 2000  Bastian Kleineidam
+
+    You can choose between two licenses when using this package:
+    1) GNU GPLv2
+    2) PSF license for Python 2.2
+
+    The robots.txt Exclusion Protocol is implemented as specified in
+    http://info.webcrawler.com/mak/projects/robots/norobots-rfc.html
+"""
+
+# Was: import urllib.parse, urllib.request
+from future.backports import urllib
+from future.backports.urllib import parse as _parse, request as _request
+urllib.parse = _parse
+urllib.request = _request
+
+
+__all__ = ["RobotFileParser"]
+
+class RobotFileParser(object):
+    """ This class provides a set of methods to read, parse and answer
+    questions about a single robots.txt file.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, url=''):
+        self.entries = []
+        self.default_entry = None
+        self.disallow_all = False
+        self.allow_all = False
+        self.set_url(url)
+        self.last_checked = 0
+
+    def mtime(self):
+        """Returns the time the robots.txt file was last fetched.
+
+        This is useful for long-running web spiders that need to
+        check for new robots.txt files periodically.
+
+        """
+        return self.last_checked
+
+    def modified(self):
+        """Sets the time the robots.txt file was last fetched to the
+        current time.
+
+        """
+        import time
+        self.last_checked = time.time()
+
+    def set_url(self, url):
+        """Sets the URL referring to a robots.txt file."""
+        self.url = url
+        self.host, self.path = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)[1:3]
+
+    def read(self):
+        """Reads the robots.txt URL and feeds it to the parser."""
+        try:
+            f = urllib.request.urlopen(self.url)
+        except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
+            if err.code in (401, 403):
+                self.disallow_all = True
+            elif err.code >= 400:
+                self.allow_all = True
+        else:
+            raw = f.read()
+            self.parse(raw.decode("utf-8").splitlines())
+
+    def _add_entry(self, entry):
+        if "*" in entry.useragents:
+            # the default entry is considered last
+            if self.default_entry is None:
+                # the first default entry wins
+                self.default_entry = entry
+        else:
+            self.entries.append(entry)
+
+    def parse(self, lines):
+        """Parse the input lines from a robots.txt file.
+
+        We allow that a user-agent: line is not preceded by
+        one or more blank lines.
+        """
+        # states:
+        #   0: start state
+        #   1: saw user-agent line
+        #   2: saw an allow or disallow line
+        state = 0
+        entry = Entry()
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if not line:
+                if state == 1:
+                    entry = Entry()
+                    state = 0
+                elif state == 2:
+                    self._add_entry(entry)
+                    entry = Entry()
+                    state = 0
+            # remove optional comment and strip line
+            i = line.find('#')
+            if i >= 0:
+                line = line[:i]
+            line = line.strip()
+            if not line:
+                continue
+            line = line.split(':', 1)
+            if len(line) == 2:
+                line[0] = line[0].strip().lower()
+                line[1] = urllib.parse.unquote(line[1].strip())
+                if line[0] == "user-agent":
+                    if state == 2:
+                        self._add_entry(entry)
+                        entry = Entry()
+                    entry.useragents.append(line[1])
+                    state = 1
+                elif line[0] == "disallow":
+                    if state != 0:
+                        entry.rulelines.append(RuleLine(line[1], False))
+                        state = 2
+                elif line[0] == "allow":
+                    if state != 0:
+                        entry.rulelines.append(RuleLine(line[1], True))
+                        state = 2
+        if state == 2:
+            self._add_entry(entry)
+
+
+    def can_fetch(self, useragent, url):
+        """using the parsed robots.txt decide if useragent can fetch url"""
+        if self.disallow_all:
+            return False
+        if self.allow_all:
+            return True
+        # search for given user agent matches
+        # the first match counts
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(urllib.parse.unquote(url))
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(('','',parsed_url.path,
+            parsed_url.params,parsed_url.query, parsed_url.fragment))
+        url = urllib.parse.quote(url)
+        if not url:
+            url = "/"
+        for entry in self.entries:
+            if entry.applies_to(useragent):
+                return entry.allowance(url)
+        # try the default entry last
+        if self.default_entry:
+            return self.default_entry.allowance(url)
+        # agent not found ==> access granted
+        return True
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ''.join([str(entry) + "\n" for entry in self.entries])
+
+
+class RuleLine(object):
+    """A rule line is a single "Allow:" (allowance==True) or "Disallow:"
+       (allowance==False) followed by a path."""
+    def __init__(self, path, allowance):
+        if path == '' and not allowance:
+            # an empty value means allow all
+            allowance = True
+        self.path = urllib.parse.quote(path)
+        self.allowance = allowance
+
+    def applies_to(self, filename):
+        return self.path == "*" or filename.startswith(self.path)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return (self.allowance and "Allow" or "Disallow") + ": " + self.path
+
+
+class Entry(object):
+    """An entry has one or more user-agents and zero or more rulelines"""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.useragents = []
+        self.rulelines = []
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        ret = []
+        for agent in self.useragents:
+            ret.extend(["User-agent: ", agent, "\n"])
+        for line in self.rulelines:
+            ret.extend([str(line), "\n"])
+        return ''.join(ret)
+
+    def applies_to(self, useragent):
+        """check if this entry applies to the specified agent"""
+        # split the name token and make it lower case
+        useragent = useragent.split("/")[0].lower()
+        for agent in self.useragents:
+            if agent == '*':
+                # we have the catch-all agent
+                return True
+            agent = agent.lower()
+            if agent in useragent:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def allowance(self, filename):
+        """Preconditions:
+        - our agent applies to this entry
+        - filename is URL decoded"""
+        for line in self.rulelines:
+            if line.applies_to(filename):
+                return line.allowance
+        return True
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..196d378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This directory is a Python package.
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/client.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b78e5ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1496 @@
+#
+# XML-RPC CLIENT LIBRARY
+# $Id$
+#
+# an XML-RPC client interface for Python.
+#
+# the marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
+# implement XML-RPC servers.
+#
+# Notes:
+# this version is designed to work with Python 2.1 or newer.
+#
+# History:
+# 1999-01-14 fl  Created
+# 1999-01-15 fl  Changed dateTime to use localtime
+# 1999-01-16 fl  Added Binary/base64 element, default to RPC2 service
+# 1999-01-19 fl  Fixed array data element (from Skip Montanaro)
+# 1999-01-21 fl  Fixed dateTime constructor, etc.
+# 1999-02-02 fl  Added fault handling, handle empty sequences, etc.
+# 1999-02-10 fl  Fixed problem with empty responses (from Skip Montanaro)
+# 1999-06-20 fl  Speed improvements, pluggable parsers/transports (0.9.8)
+# 2000-11-28 fl  Changed boolean to check the truth value of its argument
+# 2001-02-24 fl  Added encoding/Unicode/SafeTransport patches
+# 2001-02-26 fl  Added compare support to wrappers (0.9.9/1.0b1)
+# 2001-03-28 fl  Make sure response tuple is a singleton
+# 2001-03-29 fl  Don't require empty params element (from Nicholas Riley)
+# 2001-06-10 fl  Folded in _xmlrpclib accelerator support (1.0b2)
+# 2001-08-20 fl  Base xmlrpclib.Error on built-in Exception (from Paul Prescod)
+# 2001-09-03 fl  Allow Transport subclass to override getparser
+# 2001-09-10 fl  Lazy import of urllib, cgi, xmllib (20x import speedup)
+# 2001-10-01 fl  Remove containers from memo cache when done with them
+# 2001-10-01 fl  Use faster escape method (80% dumps speedup)
+# 2001-10-02 fl  More dumps microtuning
+# 2001-10-04 fl  Make sure import expat gets a parser (from Guido van Rossum)
+# 2001-10-10 sm  Allow long ints to be passed as ints if they don't overflow
+# 2001-10-17 sm  Test for int and long overflow (allows use on 64-bit systems)
+# 2001-11-12 fl  Use repr() to marshal doubles (from Paul Felix)
+# 2002-03-17 fl  Avoid buffered read when possible (from James Rucker)
+# 2002-04-07 fl  Added pythondoc comments
+# 2002-04-16 fl  Added __str__ methods to datetime/binary wrappers
+# 2002-05-15 fl  Added error constants (from Andrew Kuchling)
+# 2002-06-27 fl  Merged with Python CVS version
+# 2002-10-22 fl  Added basic authentication (based on code from Phillip Eby)
+# 2003-01-22 sm  Add support for the bool type
+# 2003-02-27 gvr Remove apply calls
+# 2003-04-24 sm  Use cStringIO if available
+# 2003-04-25 ak  Add support for nil
+# 2003-06-15 gn  Add support for time.struct_time
+# 2003-07-12 gp  Correct marshalling of Faults
+# 2003-10-31 mvl Add multicall support
+# 2004-08-20 mvl Bump minimum supported Python version to 2.1
+#
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB.
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh.
+#
+# info@pythonware.com
+# http://www.pythonware.com
+#
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The XML-RPC client interface is
+#
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh
+#
+# By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
+# associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
+# and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
+#
+# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
+# its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
+# hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
+# all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
+# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
+# Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
+# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
+# prior permission.
+#
+# SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
+# TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
+# ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
+# BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
+# DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
+# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"""
+Ported using Python-Future from the Python 3.3 standard library.
+
+An XML-RPC client interface for Python.
+
+The marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
+implement XML-RPC servers.
+
+Exported exceptions:
+
+  Error          Base class for client errors
+  ProtocolError  Indicates an HTTP protocol error
+  ResponseError  Indicates a broken response package
+  Fault          Indicates an XML-RPC fault package
+
+Exported classes:
+
+  ServerProxy    Represents a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
+
+  MultiCall      Executor of boxcared xmlrpc requests
+  DateTime       dateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
+                 localtime integer value to generate a "dateTime.iso8601"
+                 XML-RPC value
+  Binary         binary data wrapper
+
+  Marshaller     Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure
+  Unmarshaller   Unmarshal an XML-RPC response from incoming XML event message
+  Transport      Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server
+  SafeTransport  Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server
+
+Exported constants:
+
+  (none)
+
+Exported functions:
+
+  getparser      Create instance of the fastest available parser & attach
+                 to an unmarshalling object
+  dumps          Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
+                 request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
+  loads          Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
+                 name (None if not present).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
+                        unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import bytes, dict, int, range, str
+
+import base64
+# Py2.7 compatibility hack
+base64.encodebytes = base64.encodestring
+base64.decodebytes = base64.decodestring
+import sys
+import time
+from datetime import datetime
+from future.backports.http import client as http_client
+from future.backports.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
+from future.utils import ensure_new_type
+from xml.parsers import expat
+import socket
+import errno
+from io import BytesIO
+try:
+    import gzip
+except ImportError:
+    gzip = None #python can be built without zlib/gzip support
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Internal stuff
+
+def escape(s):
+    s = s.replace("&", "&amp;")
+    s = s.replace("<", "&lt;")
+    return s.replace(">", "&gt;",)
+
+# used in User-Agent header sent
+__version__ = sys.version[:3]
+
+# xmlrpc integer limits
+MAXINT =  2**31-1
+MININT = -2**31
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Error constants (from Dan Libby's specification at
+# http://xmlrpc-epi.sourceforge.net/specs/rfc.fault_codes.php)
+
+# Ranges of errors
+PARSE_ERROR       = -32700
+SERVER_ERROR      = -32600
+APPLICATION_ERROR = -32500
+SYSTEM_ERROR      = -32400
+TRANSPORT_ERROR   = -32300
+
+# Specific errors
+NOT_WELLFORMED_ERROR  = -32700
+UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING  = -32701
+INVALID_ENCODING_CHAR = -32702
+INVALID_XMLRPC        = -32600
+METHOD_NOT_FOUND      = -32601
+INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS = -32602
+INTERNAL_ERROR        = -32603
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Exceptions
+
+##
+# Base class for all kinds of client-side errors.
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    """Base class for client errors."""
+    def __str__(self):
+        return repr(self)
+
+##
+# Indicates an HTTP-level protocol error.  This is raised by the HTTP
+# transport layer, if the server returns an error code other than 200
+# (OK).
+#
+# @param url The target URL.
+# @param errcode The HTTP error code.
+# @param errmsg The HTTP error message.
+# @param headers The HTTP header dictionary.
+
+class ProtocolError(Error):
+    """Indicates an HTTP protocol error."""
+    def __init__(self, url, errcode, errmsg, headers):
+        Error.__init__(self)
+        self.url = url
+        self.errcode = errcode
+        self.errmsg = errmsg
+        self.headers = headers
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "<ProtocolError for %s: %s %s>" %
+            (self.url, self.errcode, self.errmsg)
+            )
+
+##
+# Indicates a broken XML-RPC response package.  This exception is
+# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response is
+# malformed.
+
+class ResponseError(Error):
+    """Indicates a broken response package."""
+    pass
+
+##
+# Indicates an XML-RPC fault response package.  This exception is
+# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response contains
+# a fault string.  This exception can also be used as a class, to
+# generate a fault XML-RPC message.
+#
+# @param faultCode The XML-RPC fault code.
+# @param faultString The XML-RPC fault string.
+
+class Fault(Error):
+    """Indicates an XML-RPC fault package."""
+    def __init__(self, faultCode, faultString, **extra):
+        Error.__init__(self)
+        self.faultCode = faultCode
+        self.faultString = faultString
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<Fault %s: %r>" % (ensure_new_type(self.faultCode),
+                                   ensure_new_type(self.faultString))
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Special values
+
+##
+# Backwards compatibility
+
+boolean = Boolean = bool
+
+##
+# Wrapper for XML-RPC DateTime values.  This converts a time value to
+# the format used by XML-RPC.
+# <p>
+# The value can be given as a datetime object, as a string in the
+# format "yyyymmddThh:mm:ss", as a 9-item time tuple (as returned by
+# time.localtime()), or an integer value (as returned by time.time()).
+# The wrapper uses time.localtime() to convert an integer to a time
+# tuple.
+#
+# @param value The time, given as a datetime object, an ISO 8601 string,
+#              a time tuple, or an integer time value.
+
+
+### For Python-Future:
+def _iso8601_format(value):
+    return "%04d%02d%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % (
+                value.year, value.month, value.day,
+                value.hour, value.minute, value.second)
+###
+# Issue #13305: different format codes across platforms
+# _day0 = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+# if _day0.strftime('%Y') == '0001':      # Mac OS X
+#     def _iso8601_format(value):
+#         return value.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
+# elif _day0.strftime('%4Y') == '0001':   # Linux
+#     def _iso8601_format(value):
+#         return value.strftime("%4Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
+# else:
+#     def _iso8601_format(value):
+#         return value.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S").zfill(17)
+# del _day0
+
+
+def _strftime(value):
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return _iso8601_format(value)
+
+    if not isinstance(value, (tuple, time.struct_time)):
+        if value == 0:
+            value = time.time()
+        value = time.localtime(value)
+
+    return "%04d%02d%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % value[:6]
+
+class DateTime(object):
+    """DateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
+    localtime integer value to generate 'dateTime.iso8601' XML-RPC
+    value.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, value=0):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            self.value = value
+        else:
+            self.value = _strftime(value)
+
+    def make_comparable(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, DateTime):
+            s = self.value
+            o = other.value
+        elif isinstance(other, datetime):
+            s = self.value
+            o = _iso8601_format(other)
+        elif isinstance(other, str):
+            s = self.value
+            o = other
+        elif hasattr(other, "timetuple"):
+            s = self.timetuple()
+            o = other.timetuple()
+        else:
+            otype = (hasattr(other, "__class__")
+                     and other.__class__.__name__
+                     or type(other))
+            raise TypeError("Can't compare %s and %s" %
+                            (self.__class__.__name__, otype))
+        return s, o
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
+        return s < o
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
+        return s <= o
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
+        return s > o
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
+        return s >= o
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
+        return s == o
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
+        return s != o
+
+    def timetuple(self):
+        return time.strptime(self.value, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
+
+    ##
+    # Get date/time value.
+    #
+    # @return Date/time value, as an ISO 8601 string.
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.value
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<DateTime %r at %x>" % (ensure_new_type(self.value), id(self))
+
+    def decode(self, data):
+        self.value = str(data).strip()
+
+    def encode(self, out):
+        out.write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
+        out.write(self.value)
+        out.write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
+
+def _datetime(data):
+    # decode xml element contents into a DateTime structure.
+    value = DateTime()
+    value.decode(data)
+    return value
+
+def _datetime_type(data):
+    return datetime.strptime(data, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
+
+##
+# Wrapper for binary data.  This can be used to transport any kind
+# of binary data over XML-RPC, using BASE64 encoding.
+#
+# @param data An 8-bit string containing arbitrary data.
+
+class Binary(object):
+    """Wrapper for binary data."""
+
+    def __init__(self, data=None):
+        if data is None:
+            data = b""
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)):
+                raise TypeError("expected bytes or bytearray, not %s" %
+                                data.__class__.__name__)
+            data = bytes(data)  # Make a copy of the bytes!
+        self.data = data
+
+    ##
+    # Get buffer contents.
+    #
+    # @return Buffer contents, as an 8-bit string.
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.data, "latin-1")  # XXX encoding?!
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Binary):
+            other = other.data
+        return self.data == other
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, Binary):
+            other = other.data
+        return self.data != other
+
+    def decode(self, data):
+        self.data = base64.decodebytes(data)
+
+    def encode(self, out):
+        out.write("<value><base64>\n")
+        encoded = base64.encodebytes(self.data)
+        out.write(encoded.decode('ascii'))
+        out.write("</base64></value>\n")
+
+def _binary(data):
+    # decode xml element contents into a Binary structure
+    value = Binary()
+    value.decode(data)
+    return value
+
+WRAPPERS = (DateTime, Binary)
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# XML parsers
+
+class ExpatParser(object):
+    # fast expat parser for Python 2.0 and later.
+    def __init__(self, target):
+        self._parser = parser = expat.ParserCreate(None, None)
+        self._target = target
+        parser.StartElementHandler = target.start
+        parser.EndElementHandler = target.end
+        parser.CharacterDataHandler = target.data
+        encoding = None
+        target.xml(encoding, None)
+
+    def feed(self, data):
+        self._parser.Parse(data, 0)
+
+    def close(self):
+        self._parser.Parse("", 1) # end of data
+        del self._target, self._parser # get rid of circular references
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# XML-RPC marshalling and unmarshalling code
+
+##
+# XML-RPC marshaller.
+#
+# @param encoding Default encoding for 8-bit strings.  The default
+#     value is None (interpreted as UTF-8).
+# @see dumps
+
+class Marshaller(object):
+    """Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure.
+
+    Create a Marshaller instance for each set of parameters, and use
+    the "dumps" method to convert your data (represented as a tuple)
+    to an XML-RPC params chunk.  To write a fault response, pass a
+    Fault instance instead.  You may prefer to use the "dumps" module
+    function for this purpose.
+    """
+
+    # by the way, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
+    # that's perfectly ok.
+
+    def __init__(self, encoding=None, allow_none=False):
+        self.memo = {}
+        self.data = None
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.allow_none = allow_none
+
+    dispatch = {}
+
+    def dumps(self, values):
+        out = []
+        write = out.append
+        dump = self.__dump
+        if isinstance(values, Fault):
+            # fault instance
+            write("<fault>\n")
+            dump({'faultCode': values.faultCode,
+                  'faultString': values.faultString},
+                 write)
+            write("</fault>\n")
+        else:
+            # parameter block
+            # FIXME: the xml-rpc specification allows us to leave out
+            # the entire <params> block if there are no parameters.
+            # however, changing this may break older code (including
+            # old versions of xmlrpclib.py), so this is better left as
+            # is for now.  See @XMLRPC3 for more information. /F
+            write("<params>\n")
+            for v in values:
+                write("<param>\n")
+                dump(v, write)
+                write("</param>\n")
+            write("</params>\n")
+        result = "".join(out)
+        return str(result)
+
+    def __dump(self, value, write):
+        try:
+            f = self.dispatch[type(ensure_new_type(value))]
+        except KeyError:
+            # check if this object can be marshalled as a structure
+            if not hasattr(value, '__dict__'):
+                raise TypeError("cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value))
+            # check if this class is a sub-class of a basic type,
+            # because we don't know how to marshal these types
+            # (e.g. a string sub-class)
+            for type_ in type(value).__mro__:
+                if type_ in self.dispatch.keys():
+                    raise TypeError("cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value))
+            # XXX(twouters): using "_arbitrary_instance" as key as a quick-fix
+            # for the p3yk merge, this should probably be fixed more neatly.
+            f = self.dispatch["_arbitrary_instance"]
+        f(self, value, write)
+
+    def dump_nil (self, value, write):
+        if not self.allow_none:
+            raise TypeError("cannot marshal None unless allow_none is enabled")
+        write("<value><nil/></value>")
+    dispatch[type(None)] = dump_nil
+
+    def dump_bool(self, value, write):
+        write("<value><boolean>")
+        write(value and "1" or "0")
+        write("</boolean></value>\n")
+    dispatch[bool] = dump_bool
+
+    def dump_long(self, value, write):
+        if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
+            raise OverflowError("long int exceeds XML-RPC limits")
+        write("<value><int>")
+        write(str(int(value)))
+        write("</int></value>\n")
+    dispatch[int] = dump_long
+
+    # backward compatible
+    dump_int = dump_long
+
+    def dump_double(self, value, write):
+        write("<value><double>")
+        write(repr(ensure_new_type(value)))
+        write("</double></value>\n")
+    dispatch[float] = dump_double
+
+    def dump_unicode(self, value, write, escape=escape):
+        write("<value><string>")
+        write(escape(value))
+        write("</string></value>\n")
+    dispatch[str] = dump_unicode
+
+    def dump_bytes(self, value, write):
+        write("<value><base64>\n")
+        encoded = base64.encodebytes(value)
+        write(encoded.decode('ascii'))
+        write("</base64></value>\n")
+    dispatch[bytes] = dump_bytes
+    dispatch[bytearray] = dump_bytes
+
+    def dump_array(self, value, write):
+        i = id(value)
+        if i in self.memo:
+            raise TypeError("cannot marshal recursive sequences")
+        self.memo[i] = None
+        dump = self.__dump
+        write("<value><array><data>\n")
+        for v in value:
+            dump(v, write)
+        write("</data></array></value>\n")
+        del self.memo[i]
+    dispatch[tuple] = dump_array
+    dispatch[list] = dump_array
+
+    def dump_struct(self, value, write, escape=escape):
+        i = id(value)
+        if i in self.memo:
+            raise TypeError("cannot marshal recursive dictionaries")
+        self.memo[i] = None
+        dump = self.__dump
+        write("<value><struct>\n")
+        for k, v in value.items():
+            write("<member>\n")
+            if not isinstance(k, str):
+                raise TypeError("dictionary key must be string")
+            write("<name>%s</name>\n" % escape(k))
+            dump(v, write)
+            write("</member>\n")
+        write("</struct></value>\n")
+        del self.memo[i]
+    dispatch[dict] = dump_struct
+
+    def dump_datetime(self, value, write):
+        write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
+        write(_strftime(value))
+        write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
+    dispatch[datetime] = dump_datetime
+
+    def dump_instance(self, value, write):
+        # check for special wrappers
+        if value.__class__ in WRAPPERS:
+            self.write = write
+            value.encode(self)
+            del self.write
+        else:
+            # store instance attributes as a struct (really?)
+            self.dump_struct(value.__dict__, write)
+    dispatch[DateTime] = dump_instance
+    dispatch[Binary] = dump_instance
+    # XXX(twouters): using "_arbitrary_instance" as key as a quick-fix
+    # for the p3yk merge, this should probably be fixed more neatly.
+    dispatch["_arbitrary_instance"] = dump_instance
+
+##
+# XML-RPC unmarshaller.
+#
+# @see loads
+
+class Unmarshaller(object):
+    """Unmarshal an XML-RPC response, based on incoming XML event
+    messages (start, data, end).  Call close() to get the resulting
+    data structure.
+
+    Note that this reader is fairly tolerant, and gladly accepts bogus
+    XML-RPC data without complaining (but not bogus XML).
+    """
+
+    # and again, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
+    # that's perfectly ok.
+
+    def __init__(self, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
+        self._type = None
+        self._stack = []
+        self._marks = []
+        self._data = []
+        self._methodname = None
+        self._encoding = "utf-8"
+        self.append = self._stack.append
+        self._use_datetime = use_builtin_types or use_datetime
+        self._use_bytes = use_builtin_types
+
+    def close(self):
+        # return response tuple and target method
+        if self._type is None or self._marks:
+            raise ResponseError()
+        if self._type == "fault":
+            raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
+        return tuple(self._stack)
+
+    def getmethodname(self):
+        return self._methodname
+
+    #
+    # event handlers
+
+    def xml(self, encoding, standalone):
+        self._encoding = encoding
+        # FIXME: assert standalone == 1 ???
+
+    def start(self, tag, attrs):
+        # prepare to handle this element
+        if tag == "array" or tag == "struct":
+            self._marks.append(len(self._stack))
+        self._data = []
+        self._value = (tag == "value")
+
+    def data(self, text):
+        self._data.append(text)
+
+    def end(self, tag):
+        # call the appropriate end tag handler
+        try:
+            f = self.dispatch[tag]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass # unknown tag ?
+        else:
+            return f(self, "".join(self._data))
+
+    #
+    # accelerator support
+
+    def end_dispatch(self, tag, data):
+        # dispatch data
+        try:
+            f = self.dispatch[tag]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass # unknown tag ?
+        else:
+            return f(self, data)
+
+    #
+    # element decoders
+
+    dispatch = {}
+
+    def end_nil (self, data):
+        self.append(None)
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["nil"] = end_nil
+
+    def end_boolean(self, data):
+        if data == "0":
+            self.append(False)
+        elif data == "1":
+            self.append(True)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("bad boolean value")
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["boolean"] = end_boolean
+
+    def end_int(self, data):
+        self.append(int(data))
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["i4"] = end_int
+    dispatch["i8"] = end_int
+    dispatch["int"] = end_int
+
+    def end_double(self, data):
+        self.append(float(data))
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["double"] = end_double
+
+    def end_string(self, data):
+        if self._encoding:
+            data = data.decode(self._encoding)
+        self.append(data)
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["string"] = end_string
+    dispatch["name"] = end_string # struct keys are always strings
+
+    def end_array(self, data):
+        mark = self._marks.pop()
+        # map arrays to Python lists
+        self._stack[mark:] = [self._stack[mark:]]
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["array"] = end_array
+
+    def end_struct(self, data):
+        mark = self._marks.pop()
+        # map structs to Python dictionaries
+        dict = {}
+        items = self._stack[mark:]
+        for i in range(0, len(items), 2):
+            dict[items[i]] = items[i+1]
+        self._stack[mark:] = [dict]
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["struct"] = end_struct
+
+    def end_base64(self, data):
+        value = Binary()
+        value.decode(data.encode("ascii"))
+        if self._use_bytes:
+            value = value.data
+        self.append(value)
+        self._value = 0
+    dispatch["base64"] = end_base64
+
+    def end_dateTime(self, data):
+        value = DateTime()
+        value.decode(data)
+        if self._use_datetime:
+            value = _datetime_type(data)
+        self.append(value)
+    dispatch["dateTime.iso8601"] = end_dateTime
+
+    def end_value(self, data):
+        # if we stumble upon a value element with no internal
+        # elements, treat it as a string element
+        if self._value:
+            self.end_string(data)
+    dispatch["value"] = end_value
+
+    def end_params(self, data):
+        self._type = "params"
+    dispatch["params"] = end_params
+
+    def end_fault(self, data):
+        self._type = "fault"
+    dispatch["fault"] = end_fault
+
+    def end_methodName(self, data):
+        if self._encoding:
+            data = data.decode(self._encoding)
+        self._methodname = data
+        self._type = "methodName" # no params
+    dispatch["methodName"] = end_methodName
+
+## Multicall support
+#
+
+class _MultiCallMethod(object):
+    # some lesser magic to store calls made to a MultiCall object
+    # for batch execution
+    def __init__(self, call_list, name):
+        self.__call_list = call_list
+        self.__name = name
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
+    def __call__(self, *args):
+        self.__call_list.append((self.__name, args))
+
+class MultiCallIterator(object):
+    """Iterates over the results of a multicall. Exceptions are
+    raised in response to xmlrpc faults."""
+
+    def __init__(self, results):
+        self.results = results
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        item = self.results[i]
+        if isinstance(type(item), dict):
+            raise Fault(item['faultCode'], item['faultString'])
+        elif type(item) == type([]):
+            return item[0]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("unexpected type in multicall result")
+
+class MultiCall(object):
+    """server -> a object used to boxcar method calls
+
+    server should be a ServerProxy object.
+
+    Methods can be added to the MultiCall using normal
+    method call syntax e.g.:
+
+    multicall = MultiCall(server_proxy)
+    multicall.add(2,3)
+    multicall.get_address("Guido")
+
+    To execute the multicall, call the MultiCall object e.g.:
+
+    add_result, address = multicall()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, server):
+        self.__server = server
+        self.__call_list = []
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<MultiCall at %x>" % id(self)
+
+    __str__ = __repr__
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, name)
+
+    def __call__(self):
+        marshalled_list = []
+        for name, args in self.__call_list:
+            marshalled_list.append({'methodName' : name, 'params' : args})
+
+        return MultiCallIterator(self.__server.system.multicall(marshalled_list))
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# convenience functions
+
+FastMarshaller = FastParser = FastUnmarshaller = None
+
+##
+# Create a parser object, and connect it to an unmarshalling instance.
+# This function picks the fastest available XML parser.
+#
+# return A (parser, unmarshaller) tuple.
+
+def getparser(use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
+    """getparser() -> parser, unmarshaller
+
+    Create an instance of the fastest available parser, and attach it
+    to an unmarshalling object.  Return both objects.
+    """
+    if FastParser and FastUnmarshaller:
+        if use_builtin_types:
+            mkdatetime = _datetime_type
+            mkbytes = base64.decodebytes
+        elif use_datetime:
+            mkdatetime = _datetime_type
+            mkbytes = _binary
+        else:
+            mkdatetime = _datetime
+            mkbytes = _binary
+        target = FastUnmarshaller(True, False, mkbytes, mkdatetime, Fault)
+        parser = FastParser(target)
+    else:
+        target = Unmarshaller(use_datetime=use_datetime, use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types)
+        if FastParser:
+            parser = FastParser(target)
+        else:
+            parser = ExpatParser(target)
+    return parser, target
+
+##
+# Convert a Python tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC packet.
+#
+# @def dumps(params, **options)
+# @param params A tuple or Fault instance.
+# @keyparam methodname If given, create a methodCall request for
+#     this method name.
+# @keyparam methodresponse If given, create a methodResponse packet.
+#     If used with a tuple, the tuple must be a singleton (that is,
+#     it must contain exactly one element).
+# @keyparam encoding The packet encoding.
+# @return A string containing marshalled data.
+
+def dumps(params, methodname=None, methodresponse=None, encoding=None,
+          allow_none=False):
+    """data [,options] -> marshalled data
+
+    Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
+    request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
+
+    In addition to the data object, the following options can be given
+    as keyword arguments:
+
+        methodname: the method name for a methodCall packet
+
+        methodresponse: true to create a methodResponse packet.
+        If this option is used with a tuple, the tuple must be
+        a singleton (i.e. it can contain only one element).
+
+        encoding: the packet encoding (default is UTF-8)
+
+    All byte strings in the data structure are assumed to use the
+    packet encoding.  Unicode strings are automatically converted,
+    where necessary.
+    """
+
+    assert isinstance(params, (tuple, Fault)), "argument must be tuple or Fault instance"
+    if isinstance(params, Fault):
+        methodresponse = 1
+    elif methodresponse and isinstance(params, tuple):
+        assert len(params) == 1, "response tuple must be a singleton"
+
+    if not encoding:
+        encoding = "utf-8"
+
+    if FastMarshaller:
+        m = FastMarshaller(encoding)
+    else:
+        m = Marshaller(encoding, allow_none)
+
+    data = m.dumps(params)
+
+    if encoding != "utf-8":
+        xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" % str(encoding)
+    else:
+        xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" # utf-8 is default
+
+    # standard XML-RPC wrappings
+    if methodname:
+        # a method call
+        if not isinstance(methodname, str):
+            methodname = methodname.encode(encoding)
+        data = (
+            xmlheader,
+            "<methodCall>\n"
+            "<methodName>", methodname, "</methodName>\n",
+            data,
+            "</methodCall>\n"
+            )
+    elif methodresponse:
+        # a method response, or a fault structure
+        data = (
+            xmlheader,
+            "<methodResponse>\n",
+            data,
+            "</methodResponse>\n"
+            )
+    else:
+        return data # return as is
+    return str("").join(data)
+
+##
+# Convert an XML-RPC packet to a Python object.  If the XML-RPC packet
+# represents a fault condition, this function raises a Fault exception.
+#
+# @param data An XML-RPC packet, given as an 8-bit string.
+# @return A tuple containing the unpacked data, and the method name
+#     (None if not present).
+# @see Fault
+
+def loads(data, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
+    """data -> unmarshalled data, method name
+
+    Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
+    name (None if not present).
+
+    If the XML-RPC packet represents a fault condition, this function
+    raises a Fault exception.
+    """
+    p, u = getparser(use_datetime=use_datetime, use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types)
+    p.feed(data)
+    p.close()
+    return u.close(), u.getmethodname()
+
+##
+# Encode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
+# Content-Encoding: gzip
+# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
+#
+# @param data the unencoded data
+# @return the encoded data
+
+def gzip_encode(data):
+    """data -> gzip encoded data
+
+    Encode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
+    """
+    if not gzip:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    f = BytesIO()
+    gzf = gzip.GzipFile(mode="wb", fileobj=f, compresslevel=1)
+    gzf.write(data)
+    gzf.close()
+    encoded = f.getvalue()
+    f.close()
+    return encoded
+
+##
+# Decode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
+# Content-Encoding: gzip
+# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
+#
+# @param data The encoded data
+# @return the unencoded data
+# @raises ValueError if data is not correctly coded.
+
+def gzip_decode(data):
+    """gzip encoded data -> unencoded data
+
+    Decode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
+    """
+    if not gzip:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+    f = BytesIO(data)
+    gzf = gzip.GzipFile(mode="rb", fileobj=f)
+    try:
+        decoded = gzf.read()
+    except IOError:
+        raise ValueError("invalid data")
+    f.close()
+    gzf.close()
+    return decoded
+
+##
+# Return a decoded file-like object for the gzip encoding
+# as described in RFC 1952.
+#
+# @param response A stream supporting a read() method
+# @return a file-like object that the decoded data can be read() from
+
+class GzipDecodedResponse(gzip.GzipFile if gzip else object):
+    """a file-like object to decode a response encoded with the gzip
+    method, as described in RFC 1952.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, response):
+        #response doesn't support tell() and read(), required by
+        #GzipFile
+        if not gzip:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        self.io = BytesIO(response.read())
+        gzip.GzipFile.__init__(self, mode="rb", fileobj=self.io)
+
+    def close(self):
+        gzip.GzipFile.close(self)
+        self.io.close()
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# request dispatcher
+
+class _Method(object):
+    # some magic to bind an XML-RPC method to an RPC server.
+    # supports "nested" methods (e.g. examples.getStateName)
+    def __init__(self, send, name):
+        self.__send = send
+        self.__name = name
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return _Method(self.__send, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
+    def __call__(self, *args):
+        return self.__send(self.__name, args)
+
+##
+# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTP.
+# <p>
+# You can create custom transports by subclassing this method, and
+# overriding selected methods.
+
+class Transport(object):
+    """Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
+
+    # client identifier (may be overridden)
+    user_agent = "Python-xmlrpc/%s" % __version__
+
+    #if true, we'll request gzip encoding
+    accept_gzip_encoding = True
+
+    # if positive, encode request using gzip if it exceeds this threshold
+    # note that many server will get confused, so only use it if you know
+    # that they can decode such a request
+    encode_threshold = None #None = don't encode
+
+    def __init__(self, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
+        self._use_datetime = use_datetime
+        self._use_builtin_types = use_builtin_types
+        self._connection = (None, None)
+        self._extra_headers = []
+
+    ##
+    # Send a complete request, and parse the response.
+    # Retry request if a cached connection has disconnected.
+    #
+    # @param host Target host.
+    # @param handler Target PRC handler.
+    # @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
+    # @param verbose Debugging flag.
+    # @return Parsed response.
+
+    def request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=False):
+        #retry request once if cached connection has gone cold
+        for i in (0, 1):
+            try:
+                return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
+            except socket.error as e:
+                if i or e.errno not in (errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ECONNABORTED, errno.EPIPE):
+                    raise
+            except http_client.BadStatusLine: #close after we sent request
+                if i:
+                    raise
+
+    def single_request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=False):
+        # issue XML-RPC request
+        try:
+            http_conn = self.send_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
+            resp = http_conn.getresponse()
+            if resp.status == 200:
+                self.verbose = verbose
+                return self.parse_response(resp)
+
+        except Fault:
+            raise
+        except Exception:
+            #All unexpected errors leave connection in
+            # a strange state, so we clear it.
+            self.close()
+            raise
+
+        #We got an error response.
+        #Discard any response data and raise exception
+        if resp.getheader("content-length", ""):
+            resp.read()
+        raise ProtocolError(
+            host + handler,
+            resp.status, resp.reason,
+            dict(resp.getheaders())
+            )
+
+
+    ##
+    # Create parser.
+    #
+    # @return A 2-tuple containing a parser and a unmarshaller.
+
+    def getparser(self):
+        # get parser and unmarshaller
+        return getparser(use_datetime=self._use_datetime,
+                         use_builtin_types=self._use_builtin_types)
+
+    ##
+    # Get authorization info from host parameter
+    # Host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple; if a string,
+    # it is checked for a "user:pw@host" format, and a "Basic
+    # Authentication" header is added if appropriate.
+    #
+    # @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
+    # @return A 3-tuple containing (actual host, extra headers,
+    #     x509 info).  The header and x509 fields may be None.
+
+    def get_host_info(self, host):
+
+        x509 = {}
+        if isinstance(host, tuple):
+            host, x509 = host
+
+        auth, host = urllib_parse.splituser(host)
+
+        if auth:
+            auth = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(auth)
+            auth = base64.encodebytes(auth).decode("utf-8")
+            auth = "".join(auth.split()) # get rid of whitespace
+            extra_headers = [
+                ("Authorization", "Basic " + auth)
+                ]
+        else:
+            extra_headers = []
+
+        return host, extra_headers, x509
+
+    ##
+    # Connect to server.
+    #
+    # @param host Target host.
+    # @return An HTTPConnection object
+
+    def make_connection(self, host):
+        #return an existing connection if possible.  This allows
+        #HTTP/1.1 keep-alive.
+        if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
+            return self._connection[1]
+        # create a HTTP connection object from a host descriptor
+        chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
+        self._connection = host, http_client.HTTPConnection(chost)
+        return self._connection[1]
+
+    ##
+    # Clear any cached connection object.
+    # Used in the event of socket errors.
+    #
+    def close(self):
+        if self._connection[1]:
+            self._connection[1].close()
+            self._connection = (None, None)
+
+    ##
+    # Send HTTP request.
+    #
+    # @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
+    # @param handler Targer RPC handler (a path relative to host)
+    # @param request_body The XML-RPC request body
+    # @param debug Enable debugging if debug is true.
+    # @return An HTTPConnection.
+
+    def send_request(self, host, handler, request_body, debug):
+        connection = self.make_connection(host)
+        headers = self._extra_headers[:]
+        if debug:
+            connection.set_debuglevel(1)
+        if self.accept_gzip_encoding and gzip:
+            connection.putrequest("POST", handler, skip_accept_encoding=True)
+            headers.append(("Accept-Encoding", "gzip"))
+        else:
+            connection.putrequest("POST", handler)
+        headers.append(("Content-Type", "text/xml"))
+        headers.append(("User-Agent", self.user_agent))
+        self.send_headers(connection, headers)
+        self.send_content(connection, request_body)
+        return connection
+
+    ##
+    # Send request headers.
+    # This function provides a useful hook for subclassing
+    #
+    # @param connection httpConnection.
+    # @param headers list of key,value pairs for HTTP headers
+
+    def send_headers(self, connection, headers):
+        for key, val in headers:
+            connection.putheader(key, val)
+
+    ##
+    # Send request body.
+    # This function provides a useful hook for subclassing
+    #
+    # @param connection httpConnection.
+    # @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
+
+    def send_content(self, connection, request_body):
+        #optionally encode the request
+        if (self.encode_threshold is not None and
+            self.encode_threshold < len(request_body) and
+            gzip):
+            connection.putheader("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+            request_body = gzip_encode(request_body)
+
+        connection.putheader("Content-Length", str(len(request_body)))
+        connection.endheaders(request_body)
+
+    ##
+    # Parse response.
+    #
+    # @param file Stream.
+    # @return Response tuple and target method.
+
+    def parse_response(self, response):
+        # read response data from httpresponse, and parse it
+        # Check for new http response object, otherwise it is a file object.
+        if hasattr(response, 'getheader'):
+            if response.getheader("Content-Encoding", "") == "gzip":
+                stream = GzipDecodedResponse(response)
+            else:
+                stream = response
+        else:
+            stream = response
+
+        p, u = self.getparser()
+
+        while 1:
+            data = stream.read(1024)
+            if not data:
+                break
+            if self.verbose:
+                print("body:", repr(data))
+            p.feed(data)
+
+        if stream is not response:
+            stream.close()
+        p.close()
+
+        return u.close()
+
+##
+# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTPS.
+
+class SafeTransport(Transport):
+    """Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
+
+    # FIXME: mostly untested
+
+    def make_connection(self, host):
+        if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
+            return self._connection[1]
+
+        if not hasattr(http_client, "HTTPSConnection"):
+            raise NotImplementedError(
+            "your version of http.client doesn't support HTTPS")
+        # create a HTTPS connection object from a host descriptor
+        # host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple
+        chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
+        self._connection = host, http_client.HTTPSConnection(chost,
+            None, **(x509 or {}))
+        return self._connection[1]
+
+##
+# Standard server proxy.  This class establishes a virtual connection
+# to an XML-RPC server.
+# <p>
+# This class is available as ServerProxy and Server.  New code should
+# use ServerProxy, to avoid confusion.
+#
+# @def ServerProxy(uri, **options)
+# @param uri The connection point on the server.
+# @keyparam transport A transport factory, compatible with the
+#    standard transport class.
+# @keyparam encoding The default encoding used for 8-bit strings
+#    (default is UTF-8).
+# @keyparam verbose Use a true value to enable debugging output.
+#    (printed to standard output).
+# @see Transport
+
+class ServerProxy(object):
+    """uri [,options] -> a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
+
+    uri is the connection point on the server, given as
+    scheme://host/target.
+
+    The standard implementation always supports the "http" scheme.  If
+    SSL socket support is available (Python 2.0), it also supports
+    "https".
+
+    If the target part and the slash preceding it are both omitted,
+    "/RPC2" is assumed.
+
+    The following options can be given as keyword arguments:
+
+        transport: a transport factory
+        encoding: the request encoding (default is UTF-8)
+
+    All 8-bit strings passed to the server proxy are assumed to use
+    the given encoding.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, uri, transport=None, encoding=None, verbose=False,
+                 allow_none=False, use_datetime=False, use_builtin_types=False):
+        # establish a "logical" server connection
+
+        # get the url
+        type, uri = urllib_parse.splittype(uri)
+        if type not in ("http", "https"):
+            raise IOError("unsupported XML-RPC protocol")
+        self.__host, self.__handler = urllib_parse.splithost(uri)
+        if not self.__handler:
+            self.__handler = "/RPC2"
+
+        if transport is None:
+            if type == "https":
+                handler = SafeTransport
+            else:
+                handler = Transport
+            transport = handler(use_datetime=use_datetime,
+                                use_builtin_types=use_builtin_types)
+        self.__transport = transport
+
+        self.__encoding = encoding or 'utf-8'
+        self.__verbose = verbose
+        self.__allow_none = allow_none
+
+    def __close(self):
+        self.__transport.close()
+
+    def __request(self, methodname, params):
+        # call a method on the remote server
+
+        request = dumps(params, methodname, encoding=self.__encoding,
+                        allow_none=self.__allow_none).encode(self.__encoding)
+
+        response = self.__transport.request(
+            self.__host,
+            self.__handler,
+            request,
+            verbose=self.__verbose
+            )
+
+        if len(response) == 1:
+            response = response[0]
+
+        return response
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            "<ServerProxy for %s%s>" %
+            (self.__host, self.__handler)
+            )
+
+    __str__ = __repr__
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        # magic method dispatcher
+        return _Method(self.__request, name)
+
+    # note: to call a remote object with an non-standard name, use
+    # result getattr(server, "strange-python-name")(args)
+
+    def __call__(self, attr):
+        """A workaround to get special attributes on the ServerProxy
+           without interfering with the magic __getattr__
+        """
+        if attr == "close":
+            return self.__close
+        elif attr == "transport":
+            return self.__transport
+        raise AttributeError("Attribute %r not found" % (attr,))
+
+# compatibility
+
+Server = ServerProxy
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# test code
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    # simple test program (from the XML-RPC specification)
+
+    # local server, available from Lib/xmlrpc/server.py
+    server = ServerProxy("http://localhost:8000")
+
+    try:
+        print(server.currentTime.getCurrentTime())
+    except Error as v:
+        print("ERROR", v)
+
+    multi = MultiCall(server)
+    multi.getData()
+    multi.pow(2,9)
+    multi.add(1,2)
+    try:
+        for response in multi():
+            print(response)
+    except Error as v:
+        print("ERROR", v)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/server.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28072bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/backports/xmlrpc/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,999 @@
+r"""
+Ported using Python-Future from the Python 3.3 standard library.
+
+XML-RPC Servers.
+
+This module can be used to create simple XML-RPC servers
+by creating a server and either installing functions, a
+class instance, or by extending the SimpleXMLRPCServer
+class.
+
+It can also be used to handle XML-RPC requests in a CGI
+environment using CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler.
+
+The Doc* classes can be used to create XML-RPC servers that
+serve pydoc-style documentation in response to HTTP
+GET requests. This documentation is dynamically generated
+based on the functions and methods registered with the
+server.
+
+A list of possible usage patterns follows:
+
+1. Install functions:
+
+server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
+server.register_function(pow)
+server.register_function(lambda x,y: x+y, 'add')
+server.serve_forever()
+
+2. Install an instance:
+
+class MyFuncs:
+    def __init__(self):
+        # make all of the sys functions available through sys.func_name
+        import sys
+        self.sys = sys
+    def _listMethods(self):
+        # implement this method so that system.listMethods
+        # knows to advertise the sys methods
+        return list_public_methods(self) + \
+                ['sys.' + method for method in list_public_methods(self.sys)]
+    def pow(self, x, y): return pow(x, y)
+    def add(self, x, y) : return x + y
+
+server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
+server.register_introspection_functions()
+server.register_instance(MyFuncs())
+server.serve_forever()
+
+3. Install an instance with custom dispatch method:
+
+class Math:
+    def _listMethods(self):
+        # this method must be present for system.listMethods
+        # to work
+        return ['add', 'pow']
+    def _methodHelp(self, method):
+        # this method must be present for system.methodHelp
+        # to work
+        if method == 'add':
+            return "add(2,3) => 5"
+        elif method == 'pow':
+            return "pow(x, y[, z]) => number"
+        else:
+            # By convention, return empty
+            # string if no help is available
+            return ""
+    def _dispatch(self, method, params):
+        if method == 'pow':
+            return pow(*params)
+        elif method == 'add':
+            return params[0] + params[1]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('bad method')
+
+server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
+server.register_introspection_functions()
+server.register_instance(Math())
+server.serve_forever()
+
+4. Subclass SimpleXMLRPCServer:
+
+class MathServer(SimpleXMLRPCServer):
+    def _dispatch(self, method, params):
+        try:
+            # We are forcing the 'export_' prefix on methods that are
+            # callable through XML-RPC to prevent potential security
+            # problems
+            func = getattr(self, 'export_' + method)
+        except AttributeError:
+            raise Exception('method "%s" is not supported' % method)
+        else:
+            return func(*params)
+
+    def export_add(self, x, y):
+        return x + y
+
+server = MathServer(("localhost", 8000))
+server.serve_forever()
+
+5. CGI script:
+
+server = CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler()
+server.register_function(pow)
+server.handle_request()
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import int, str
+
+# Written by Brian Quinlan (brian@sweetapp.com).
+# Based on code written by Fredrik Lundh.
+
+from future.backports.xmlrpc.client import Fault, dumps, loads, gzip_encode, gzip_decode
+from future.backports.http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
+import future.backports.http.server as http_server
+from future.backports import socketserver
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import pydoc
+import inspect
+import traceback
+try:
+    import fcntl
+except ImportError:
+    fcntl = None
+
+def resolve_dotted_attribute(obj, attr, allow_dotted_names=True):
+    """resolve_dotted_attribute(a, 'b.c.d') => a.b.c.d
+
+    Resolves a dotted attribute name to an object.  Raises
+    an AttributeError if any attribute in the chain starts with a '_'.
+
+    If the optional allow_dotted_names argument is false, dots are not
+    supported and this function operates similar to getattr(obj, attr).
+    """
+
+    if allow_dotted_names:
+        attrs = attr.split('.')
+    else:
+        attrs = [attr]
+
+    for i in attrs:
+        if i.startswith('_'):
+            raise AttributeError(
+                'attempt to access private attribute "%s"' % i
+                )
+        else:
+            obj = getattr(obj,i)
+    return obj
+
+def list_public_methods(obj):
+    """Returns a list of attribute strings, found in the specified
+    object, which represent callable attributes"""
+
+    return [member for member in dir(obj)
+                if not member.startswith('_') and
+                    callable(getattr(obj, member))]
+
+class SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher(object):
+    """Mix-in class that dispatches XML-RPC requests.
+
+    This class is used to register XML-RPC method handlers
+    and then to dispatch them. This class doesn't need to be
+    instanced directly when used by SimpleXMLRPCServer but it
+    can be instanced when used by the MultiPathXMLRPCServer
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, allow_none=False, encoding=None,
+                 use_builtin_types=False):
+        self.funcs = {}
+        self.instance = None
+        self.allow_none = allow_none
+        self.encoding = encoding or 'utf-8'
+        self.use_builtin_types = use_builtin_types
+
+    def register_instance(self, instance, allow_dotted_names=False):
+        """Registers an instance to respond to XML-RPC requests.
+
+        Only one instance can be installed at a time.
+
+        If the registered instance has a _dispatch method then that
+        method will be called with the name of the XML-RPC method and
+        its parameters as a tuple
+        e.g. instance._dispatch('add',(2,3))
+
+        If the registered instance does not have a _dispatch method
+        then the instance will be searched to find a matching method
+        and, if found, will be called. Methods beginning with an '_'
+        are considered private and will not be called by
+        SimpleXMLRPCServer.
+
+        If a registered function matches a XML-RPC request, then it
+        will be called instead of the registered instance.
+
+        If the optional allow_dotted_names argument is true and the
+        instance does not have a _dispatch method, method names
+        containing dots are supported and resolved, as long as none of
+        the name segments start with an '_'.
+
+            *** SECURITY WARNING: ***
+
+            Enabling the allow_dotted_names options allows intruders
+            to access your module's global variables and may allow
+            intruders to execute arbitrary code on your machine.  Only
+            use this option on a secure, closed network.
+
+        """
+
+        self.instance = instance
+        self.allow_dotted_names = allow_dotted_names
+
+    def register_function(self, function, name=None):
+        """Registers a function to respond to XML-RPC requests.
+
+        The optional name argument can be used to set a Unicode name
+        for the function.
+        """
+
+        if name is None:
+            name = function.__name__
+        self.funcs[name] = function
+
+    def register_introspection_functions(self):
+        """Registers the XML-RPC introspection methods in the system
+        namespace.
+
+        see http://xmlrpc.usefulinc.com/doc/reserved.html
+        """
+
+        self.funcs.update({'system.listMethods' : self.system_listMethods,
+                      'system.methodSignature' : self.system_methodSignature,
+                      'system.methodHelp' : self.system_methodHelp})
+
+    def register_multicall_functions(self):
+        """Registers the XML-RPC multicall method in the system
+        namespace.
+
+        see http://www.xmlrpc.com/discuss/msgReader$1208"""
+
+        self.funcs.update({'system.multicall' : self.system_multicall})
+
+    def _marshaled_dispatch(self, data, dispatch_method = None, path = None):
+        """Dispatches an XML-RPC method from marshalled (XML) data.
+
+        XML-RPC methods are dispatched from the marshalled (XML) data
+        using the _dispatch method and the result is returned as
+        marshalled data. For backwards compatibility, a dispatch
+        function can be provided as an argument (see comment in
+        SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler.do_POST) but overriding the
+        existing method through subclassing is the preferred means
+        of changing method dispatch behavior.
+        """
+
+        try:
+            params, method = loads(data, use_builtin_types=self.use_builtin_types)
+
+            # generate response
+            if dispatch_method is not None:
+                response = dispatch_method(method, params)
+            else:
+                response = self._dispatch(method, params)
+            # wrap response in a singleton tuple
+            response = (response,)
+            response = dumps(response, methodresponse=1,
+                             allow_none=self.allow_none, encoding=self.encoding)
+        except Fault as fault:
+            response = dumps(fault, allow_none=self.allow_none,
+                             encoding=self.encoding)
+        except:
+            # report exception back to server
+            exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
+            response = dumps(
+                Fault(1, "%s:%s" % (exc_type, exc_value)),
+                encoding=self.encoding, allow_none=self.allow_none,
+                )
+
+        return response.encode(self.encoding)
+
+    def system_listMethods(self):
+        """system.listMethods() => ['add', 'subtract', 'multiple']
+
+        Returns a list of the methods supported by the server."""
+
+        methods = set(self.funcs.keys())
+        if self.instance is not None:
+            # Instance can implement _listMethod to return a list of
+            # methods
+            if hasattr(self.instance, '_listMethods'):
+                methods |= set(self.instance._listMethods())
+            # if the instance has a _dispatch method then we
+            # don't have enough information to provide a list
+            # of methods
+            elif not hasattr(self.instance, '_dispatch'):
+                methods |= set(list_public_methods(self.instance))
+        return sorted(methods)
+
+    def system_methodSignature(self, method_name):
+        """system.methodSignature('add') => [double, int, int]
+
+        Returns a list describing the signature of the method. In the
+        above example, the add method takes two integers as arguments
+        and returns a double result.
+
+        This server does NOT support system.methodSignature."""
+
+        # See http://xmlrpc.usefulinc.com/doc/sysmethodsig.html
+
+        return 'signatures not supported'
+
+    def system_methodHelp(self, method_name):
+        """system.methodHelp('add') => "Adds two integers together"
+
+        Returns a string containing documentation for the specified method."""
+
+        method = None
+        if method_name in self.funcs:
+            method = self.funcs[method_name]
+        elif self.instance is not None:
+            # Instance can implement _methodHelp to return help for a method
+            if hasattr(self.instance, '_methodHelp'):
+                return self.instance._methodHelp(method_name)
+            # if the instance has a _dispatch method then we
+            # don't have enough information to provide help
+            elif not hasattr(self.instance, '_dispatch'):
+                try:
+                    method = resolve_dotted_attribute(
+                                self.instance,
+                                method_name,
+                                self.allow_dotted_names
+                                )
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pass
+
+        # Note that we aren't checking that the method actually
+        # be a callable object of some kind
+        if method is None:
+            return ""
+        else:
+            return pydoc.getdoc(method)
+
+    def system_multicall(self, call_list):
+        """system.multicall([{'methodName': 'add', 'params': [2, 2]}, ...]) => \
+[[4], ...]
+
+        Allows the caller to package multiple XML-RPC calls into a single
+        request.
+
+        See http://www.xmlrpc.com/discuss/msgReader$1208
+        """
+
+        results = []
+        for call in call_list:
+            method_name = call['methodName']
+            params = call['params']
+
+            try:
+                # XXX A marshalling error in any response will fail the entire
+                # multicall. If someone cares they should fix this.
+                results.append([self._dispatch(method_name, params)])
+            except Fault as fault:
+                results.append(
+                    {'faultCode' : fault.faultCode,
+                     'faultString' : fault.faultString}
+                    )
+            except:
+                exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
+                results.append(
+                    {'faultCode' : 1,
+                     'faultString' : "%s:%s" % (exc_type, exc_value)}
+                    )
+        return results
+
+    def _dispatch(self, method, params):
+        """Dispatches the XML-RPC method.
+
+        XML-RPC calls are forwarded to a registered function that
+        matches the called XML-RPC method name. If no such function
+        exists then the call is forwarded to the registered instance,
+        if available.
+
+        If the registered instance has a _dispatch method then that
+        method will be called with the name of the XML-RPC method and
+        its parameters as a tuple
+        e.g. instance._dispatch('add',(2,3))
+
+        If the registered instance does not have a _dispatch method
+        then the instance will be searched to find a matching method
+        and, if found, will be called.
+
+        Methods beginning with an '_' are considered private and will
+        not be called.
+        """
+
+        func = None
+        try:
+            # check to see if a matching function has been registered
+            func = self.funcs[method]
+        except KeyError:
+            if self.instance is not None:
+                # check for a _dispatch method
+                if hasattr(self.instance, '_dispatch'):
+                    return self.instance._dispatch(method, params)
+                else:
+                    # call instance method directly
+                    try:
+                        func = resolve_dotted_attribute(
+                            self.instance,
+                            method,
+                            self.allow_dotted_names
+                            )
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        pass
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return func(*params)
+        else:
+            raise Exception('method "%s" is not supported' % method)
+
+class SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    """Simple XML-RPC request handler class.
+
+    Handles all HTTP POST requests and attempts to decode them as
+    XML-RPC requests.
+    """
+
+    # Class attribute listing the accessible path components;
+    # paths not on this list will result in a 404 error.
+    rpc_paths = ('/', '/RPC2')
+
+    #if not None, encode responses larger than this, if possible
+    encode_threshold = 1400 #a common MTU
+
+    #Override form StreamRequestHandler: full buffering of output
+    #and no Nagle.
+    wbufsize = -1
+    disable_nagle_algorithm = True
+
+    # a re to match a gzip Accept-Encoding
+    aepattern = re.compile(r"""
+                            \s* ([^\s;]+) \s*            #content-coding
+                            (;\s* q \s*=\s* ([0-9\.]+))? #q
+                            """, re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    def accept_encodings(self):
+        r = {}
+        ae = self.headers.get("Accept-Encoding", "")
+        for e in ae.split(","):
+            match = self.aepattern.match(e)
+            if match:
+                v = match.group(3)
+                v = float(v) if v else 1.0
+                r[match.group(1)] = v
+        return r
+
+    def is_rpc_path_valid(self):
+        if self.rpc_paths:
+            return self.path in self.rpc_paths
+        else:
+            # If .rpc_paths is empty, just assume all paths are legal
+            return True
+
+    def do_POST(self):
+        """Handles the HTTP POST request.
+
+        Attempts to interpret all HTTP POST requests as XML-RPC calls,
+        which are forwarded to the server's _dispatch method for handling.
+        """
+
+        # Check that the path is legal
+        if not self.is_rpc_path_valid():
+            self.report_404()
+            return
+
+        try:
+            # Get arguments by reading body of request.
+            # We read this in chunks to avoid straining
+            # socket.read(); around the 10 or 15Mb mark, some platforms
+            # begin to have problems (bug #792570).
+            max_chunk_size = 10*1024*1024
+            size_remaining = int(self.headers["content-length"])
+            L = []
+            while size_remaining:
+                chunk_size = min(size_remaining, max_chunk_size)
+                chunk = self.rfile.read(chunk_size)
+                if not chunk:
+                    break
+                L.append(chunk)
+                size_remaining -= len(L[-1])
+            data = b''.join(L)
+
+            data = self.decode_request_content(data)
+            if data is None:
+                return #response has been sent
+
+            # In previous versions of SimpleXMLRPCServer, _dispatch
+            # could be overridden in this class, instead of in
+            # SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher. To maintain backwards compatibility,
+            # check to see if a subclass implements _dispatch and dispatch
+            # using that method if present.
+            response = self.server._marshaled_dispatch(
+                    data, getattr(self, '_dispatch', None), self.path
+                )
+        except Exception as e: # This should only happen if the module is buggy
+            # internal error, report as HTTP server error
+            self.send_response(500)
+
+            # Send information about the exception if requested
+            if hasattr(self.server, '_send_traceback_header') and \
+                    self.server._send_traceback_header:
+                self.send_header("X-exception", str(e))
+                trace = traceback.format_exc()
+                trace = str(trace.encode('ASCII', 'backslashreplace'), 'ASCII')
+                self.send_header("X-traceback", trace)
+
+            self.send_header("Content-length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+        else:
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header("Content-type", "text/xml")
+            if self.encode_threshold is not None:
+                if len(response) > self.encode_threshold:
+                    q = self.accept_encodings().get("gzip", 0)
+                    if q:
+                        try:
+                            response = gzip_encode(response)
+                            self.send_header("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+                        except NotImplementedError:
+                            pass
+            self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(response)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(response)
+
+    def decode_request_content(self, data):
+        #support gzip encoding of request
+        encoding = self.headers.get("content-encoding", "identity").lower()
+        if encoding == "identity":
+            return data
+        if encoding == "gzip":
+            try:
+                return gzip_decode(data)
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                self.send_response(501, "encoding %r not supported" % encoding)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.send_response(400, "error decoding gzip content")
+        else:
+            self.send_response(501, "encoding %r not supported" % encoding)
+        self.send_header("Content-length", "0")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def report_404 (self):
+            # Report a 404 error
+        self.send_response(404)
+        response = b'No such page'
+        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/plain")
+        self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(response)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(response)
+
+    def log_request(self, code='-', size='-'):
+        """Selectively log an accepted request."""
+
+        if self.server.logRequests:
+            BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_request(self, code, size)
+
+class SimpleXMLRPCServer(socketserver.TCPServer,
+                         SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher):
+    """Simple XML-RPC server.
+
+    Simple XML-RPC server that allows functions and a single instance
+    to be installed to handle requests. The default implementation
+    attempts to dispatch XML-RPC calls to the functions or instance
+    installed in the server. Override the _dispatch method inherited
+    from SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher to change this behavior.
+    """
+
+    allow_reuse_address = True
+
+    # Warning: this is for debugging purposes only! Never set this to True in
+    # production code, as will be sending out sensitive information (exception
+    # and stack trace details) when exceptions are raised inside
+    # SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler.do_POST
+    _send_traceback_header = False
+
+    def __init__(self, addr, requestHandler=SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler,
+                 logRequests=True, allow_none=False, encoding=None,
+                 bind_and_activate=True, use_builtin_types=False):
+        self.logRequests = logRequests
+
+        SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher.__init__(self, allow_none, encoding, use_builtin_types)
+        socketserver.TCPServer.__init__(self, addr, requestHandler, bind_and_activate)
+
+        # [Bug #1222790] If possible, set close-on-exec flag; if a
+        # method spawns a subprocess, the subprocess shouldn't have
+        # the listening socket open.
+        if fcntl is not None and hasattr(fcntl, 'FD_CLOEXEC'):
+            flags = fcntl.fcntl(self.fileno(), fcntl.F_GETFD)
+            flags |= fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC
+            fcntl.fcntl(self.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETFD, flags)
+
+class MultiPathXMLRPCServer(SimpleXMLRPCServer):
+    """Multipath XML-RPC Server
+    This specialization of SimpleXMLRPCServer allows the user to create
+    multiple Dispatcher instances and assign them to different
+    HTTP request paths.  This makes it possible to run two or more
+    'virtual XML-RPC servers' at the same port.
+    Make sure that the requestHandler accepts the paths in question.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, addr, requestHandler=SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler,
+                 logRequests=True, allow_none=False, encoding=None,
+                 bind_and_activate=True, use_builtin_types=False):
+
+        SimpleXMLRPCServer.__init__(self, addr, requestHandler, logRequests, allow_none,
+                                    encoding, bind_and_activate, use_builtin_types)
+        self.dispatchers = {}
+        self.allow_none = allow_none
+        self.encoding = encoding or 'utf-8'
+
+    def add_dispatcher(self, path, dispatcher):
+        self.dispatchers[path] = dispatcher
+        return dispatcher
+
+    def get_dispatcher(self, path):
+        return self.dispatchers[path]
+
+    def _marshaled_dispatch(self, data, dispatch_method = None, path = None):
+        try:
+            response = self.dispatchers[path]._marshaled_dispatch(
+               data, dispatch_method, path)
+        except:
+            # report low level exception back to server
+            # (each dispatcher should have handled their own
+            # exceptions)
+            exc_type, exc_value = sys.exc_info()[:2]
+            response = dumps(
+                Fault(1, "%s:%s" % (exc_type, exc_value)),
+                encoding=self.encoding, allow_none=self.allow_none)
+            response = response.encode(self.encoding)
+        return response
+
+class CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler(SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher):
+    """Simple handler for XML-RPC data passed through CGI."""
+
+    def __init__(self, allow_none=False, encoding=None, use_builtin_types=False):
+        SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher.__init__(self, allow_none, encoding, use_builtin_types)
+
+    def handle_xmlrpc(self, request_text):
+        """Handle a single XML-RPC request"""
+
+        response = self._marshaled_dispatch(request_text)
+
+        print('Content-Type: text/xml')
+        print('Content-Length: %d' % len(response))
+        print()
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        sys.stdout.buffer.write(response)
+        sys.stdout.buffer.flush()
+
+    def handle_get(self):
+        """Handle a single HTTP GET request.
+
+        Default implementation indicates an error because
+        XML-RPC uses the POST method.
+        """
+
+        code = 400
+        message, explain = BaseHTTPRequestHandler.responses[code]
+
+        response = http_server.DEFAULT_ERROR_MESSAGE % \
+            {
+             'code' : code,
+             'message' : message,
+             'explain' : explain
+            }
+        response = response.encode('utf-8')
+        print('Status: %d %s' % (code, message))
+        print('Content-Type: %s' % http_server.DEFAULT_ERROR_CONTENT_TYPE)
+        print('Content-Length: %d' % len(response))
+        print()
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        sys.stdout.buffer.write(response)
+        sys.stdout.buffer.flush()
+
+    def handle_request(self, request_text=None):
+        """Handle a single XML-RPC request passed through a CGI post method.
+
+        If no XML data is given then it is read from stdin. The resulting
+        XML-RPC response is printed to stdout along with the correct HTTP
+        headers.
+        """
+
+        if request_text is None and \
+            os.environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD', None) == 'GET':
+            self.handle_get()
+        else:
+            # POST data is normally available through stdin
+            try:
+                length = int(os.environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', None))
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                length = -1
+            if request_text is None:
+                request_text = sys.stdin.read(length)
+
+            self.handle_xmlrpc(request_text)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Self documenting XML-RPC Server.
+
+class ServerHTMLDoc(pydoc.HTMLDoc):
+    """Class used to generate pydoc HTML document for a server"""
+
+    def markup(self, text, escape=None, funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}):
+        """Mark up some plain text, given a context of symbols to look for.
+        Each context dictionary maps object names to anchor names."""
+        escape = escape or self.escape
+        results = []
+        here = 0
+
+        # XXX Note that this regular expression does not allow for the
+        # hyperlinking of arbitrary strings being used as method
+        # names. Only methods with names consisting of word characters
+        # and '.'s are hyperlinked.
+        pattern = re.compile(r'\b((http|ftp)://\S+[\w/]|'
+                                r'RFC[- ]?(\d+)|'
+                                r'PEP[- ]?(\d+)|'
+                                r'(self\.)?((?:\w|\.)+))\b')
+        while 1:
+            match = pattern.search(text, here)
+            if not match: break
+            start, end = match.span()
+            results.append(escape(text[here:start]))
+
+            all, scheme, rfc, pep, selfdot, name = match.groups()
+            if scheme:
+                url = escape(all).replace('"', '&quot;')
+                results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, url))
+            elif rfc:
+                url = 'http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc%d.txt' % int(rfc)
+                results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(all)))
+            elif pep:
+                url = 'http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-%04d/' % int(pep)
+                results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(all)))
+            elif text[end:end+1] == '(':
+                results.append(self.namelink(name, methods, funcs, classes))
+            elif selfdot:
+                results.append('self.<strong>%s</strong>' % name)
+            else:
+                results.append(self.namelink(name, classes))
+            here = end
+        results.append(escape(text[here:]))
+        return ''.join(results)
+
+    def docroutine(self, object, name, mod=None,
+                   funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}, cl=None):
+        """Produce HTML documentation for a function or method object."""
+
+        anchor = (cl and cl.__name__ or '') + '-' + name
+        note = ''
+
+        title = '<a name="%s"><strong>%s</strong></a>' % (
+            self.escape(anchor), self.escape(name))
+
+        if inspect.ismethod(object):
+            args = inspect.getfullargspec(object)
+            # exclude the argument bound to the instance, it will be
+            # confusing to the non-Python user
+            argspec = inspect.formatargspec (
+                    args.args[1:],
+                    args.varargs,
+                    args.varkw,
+                    args.defaults,
+                    annotations=args.annotations,
+                    formatvalue=self.formatvalue
+                )
+        elif inspect.isfunction(object):
+            args = inspect.getfullargspec(object)
+            argspec = inspect.formatargspec(
+                args.args, args.varargs, args.varkw, args.defaults,
+                annotations=args.annotations,
+                formatvalue=self.formatvalue)
+        else:
+            argspec = '(...)'
+
+        if isinstance(object, tuple):
+            argspec = object[0] or argspec
+            docstring = object[1] or ""
+        else:
+            docstring = pydoc.getdoc(object)
+
+        decl = title + argspec + (note and self.grey(
+               '<font face="helvetica, arial">%s</font>' % note))
+
+        doc = self.markup(
+            docstring, self.preformat, funcs, classes, methods)
+        doc = doc and '<dd><tt>%s</tt></dd>' % doc
+        return '<dl><dt>%s</dt>%s</dl>\n' % (decl, doc)
+
+    def docserver(self, server_name, package_documentation, methods):
+        """Produce HTML documentation for an XML-RPC server."""
+
+        fdict = {}
+        for key, value in methods.items():
+            fdict[key] = '#-' + key
+            fdict[value] = fdict[key]
+
+        server_name = self.escape(server_name)
+        head = '<big><big><strong>%s</strong></big></big>' % server_name
+        result = self.heading(head, '#ffffff', '#7799ee')
+
+        doc = self.markup(package_documentation, self.preformat, fdict)
+        doc = doc and '<tt>%s</tt>' % doc
+        result = result + '<p>%s</p>\n' % doc
+
+        contents = []
+        method_items = sorted(methods.items())
+        for key, value in method_items:
+            contents.append(self.docroutine(value, key, funcs=fdict))
+        result = result + self.bigsection(
+            'Methods', '#ffffff', '#eeaa77', ''.join(contents))
+
+        return result
+
+class XMLRPCDocGenerator(object):
+    """Generates documentation for an XML-RPC server.
+
+    This class is designed as mix-in and should not
+    be constructed directly.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # setup variables used for HTML documentation
+        self.server_name = 'XML-RPC Server Documentation'
+        self.server_documentation = \
+            "This server exports the following methods through the XML-RPC "\
+            "protocol."
+        self.server_title = 'XML-RPC Server Documentation'
+
+    def set_server_title(self, server_title):
+        """Set the HTML title of the generated server documentation"""
+
+        self.server_title = server_title
+
+    def set_server_name(self, server_name):
+        """Set the name of the generated HTML server documentation"""
+
+        self.server_name = server_name
+
+    def set_server_documentation(self, server_documentation):
+        """Set the documentation string for the entire server."""
+
+        self.server_documentation = server_documentation
+
+    def generate_html_documentation(self):
+        """generate_html_documentation() => html documentation for the server
+
+        Generates HTML documentation for the server using introspection for
+        installed functions and instances that do not implement the
+        _dispatch method. Alternatively, instances can choose to implement
+        the _get_method_argstring(method_name) method to provide the
+        argument string used in the documentation and the
+        _methodHelp(method_name) method to provide the help text used
+        in the documentation."""
+
+        methods = {}
+
+        for method_name in self.system_listMethods():
+            if method_name in self.funcs:
+                method = self.funcs[method_name]
+            elif self.instance is not None:
+                method_info = [None, None] # argspec, documentation
+                if hasattr(self.instance, '_get_method_argstring'):
+                    method_info[0] = self.instance._get_method_argstring(method_name)
+                if hasattr(self.instance, '_methodHelp'):
+                    method_info[1] = self.instance._methodHelp(method_name)
+
+                method_info = tuple(method_info)
+                if method_info != (None, None):
+                    method = method_info
+                elif not hasattr(self.instance, '_dispatch'):
+                    try:
+                        method = resolve_dotted_attribute(
+                                    self.instance,
+                                    method_name
+                                    )
+                    except AttributeError:
+                        method = method_info
+                else:
+                    method = method_info
+            else:
+                assert 0, "Could not find method in self.functions and no "\
+                          "instance installed"
+
+            methods[method_name] = method
+
+        documenter = ServerHTMLDoc()
+        documentation = documenter.docserver(
+                                self.server_name,
+                                self.server_documentation,
+                                methods
+                            )
+
+        return documenter.page(self.server_title, documentation)
+
+class DocXMLRPCRequestHandler(SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler):
+    """XML-RPC and documentation request handler class.
+
+    Handles all HTTP POST requests and attempts to decode them as
+    XML-RPC requests.
+
+    Handles all HTTP GET requests and interprets them as requests
+    for documentation.
+    """
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        """Handles the HTTP GET request.
+
+        Interpret all HTTP GET requests as requests for server
+        documentation.
+        """
+        # Check that the path is legal
+        if not self.is_rpc_path_valid():
+            self.report_404()
+            return
+
+        response = self.server.generate_html_documentation().encode('utf-8')
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
+        self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(response)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(response)
+
+class DocXMLRPCServer(  SimpleXMLRPCServer,
+                        XMLRPCDocGenerator):
+    """XML-RPC and HTML documentation server.
+
+    Adds the ability to serve server documentation to the capabilities
+    of SimpleXMLRPCServer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, addr, requestHandler=DocXMLRPCRequestHandler,
+                 logRequests=True, allow_none=False, encoding=None,
+                 bind_and_activate=True, use_builtin_types=False):
+        SimpleXMLRPCServer.__init__(self, addr, requestHandler, logRequests,
+                                    allow_none, encoding, bind_and_activate,
+                                    use_builtin_types)
+        XMLRPCDocGenerator.__init__(self)
+
+class DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler(   CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler,
+                                    XMLRPCDocGenerator):
+    """Handler for XML-RPC data and documentation requests passed through
+    CGI"""
+
+    def handle_get(self):
+        """Handles the HTTP GET request.
+
+        Interpret all HTTP GET requests as requests for server
+        documentation.
+        """
+
+        response = self.generate_html_documentation().encode('utf-8')
+
+        print('Content-Type: text/html')
+        print('Content-Length: %d' % len(response))
+        print()
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        sys.stdout.buffer.write(response)
+        sys.stdout.buffer.flush()
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler.__init__(self)
+        XMLRPCDocGenerator.__init__(self)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import datetime
+
+    class ExampleService:
+        def getData(self):
+            return '42'
+
+        class currentTime:
+            @staticmethod
+            def getCurrentTime():
+                return datetime.datetime.now()
+
+    server = SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
+    server.register_function(pow)
+    server.register_function(lambda x,y: x+y, 'add')
+    server.register_instance(ExampleService(), allow_dotted_names=True)
+    server.register_multicall_functions()
+    print('Serving XML-RPC on localhost port 8000')
+    print('It is advisable to run this example server within a secure, closed network.')
+    try:
+        server.serve_forever()
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nKeyboard interrupt received, exiting.")
+        server.server_close()
+        sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bc1649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""
+A module that brings in equivalents of the new and modified Python 3
+builtins into Py2. Has no effect on Py3.
+
+See the docs `here <http://python-future.org/what-else.html>`_
+(``docs/what-else.rst``) for more information.
+
+"""
+
+from future.builtins.iterators import (filter, map, zip)
+# The isinstance import is no longer needed. We provide it only for
+# backward-compatibility with future v0.8.2. It will be removed in future v1.0.
+from future.builtins.misc import (ascii, chr, hex, input, isinstance, next,
+                                  oct, open, pow, round, super, max, min)
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    import builtins
+    bytes = builtins.bytes
+    dict = builtins.dict
+    int = builtins.int
+    list = builtins.list
+    object = builtins.object
+    range = builtins.range
+    str = builtins.str
+    __all__ = []
+else:
+    from future.types import (newbytes as bytes,
+                              newdict as dict,
+                              newint as int,
+                              newlist as list,
+                              newobject as object,
+                              newrange as range,
+                              newstr as str)
+from future import utils
+
+
+if not utils.PY3:
+    # We only import names that shadow the builtins on Py2. No other namespace
+    # pollution on Py2.
+
+    # Only shadow builtins on Py2; no new names
+    __all__ = ['filter', 'map', 'zip',
+               'ascii', 'chr', 'hex', 'input', 'next', 'oct', 'open', 'pow',
+               'round', 'super',
+               'bytes', 'dict', 'int', 'list', 'object', 'range', 'str', 'max', 'min'
+              ]
+
+else:
+    # No namespace pollution on Py3
+    __all__ = []
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/disabled.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/disabled.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6d6ea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/disabled.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+"""
+This disables builtin functions (and one exception class) which are
+removed from Python 3.3.
+
+This module is designed to be used like this::
+
+    from future.builtins.disabled import *
+
+This disables the following obsolete Py2 builtin functions::
+
+    apply, cmp, coerce, execfile, file, input, long,
+    raw_input, reduce, reload, unicode, xrange
+
+We don't hack __builtin__, which is very fragile because it contaminates
+imported modules too. Instead, we just create new functions with
+the same names as the obsolete builtins from Python 2 which raise
+NameError exceptions when called.
+
+Note that both ``input()`` and ``raw_input()`` are among the disabled
+functions (in this module). Although ``input()`` exists as a builtin in
+Python 3, the Python 2 ``input()`` builtin is unsafe to use because it
+can lead to shell injection. Therefore we shadow it by default upon ``from
+future.builtins.disabled import *``, in case someone forgets to import our
+replacement ``input()`` somehow and expects Python 3 semantics.
+
+See the ``future.builtins.misc`` module for a working version of
+``input`` with Python 3 semantics.
+
+(Note that callable() is not among the functions disabled; this was
+reintroduced into Python 3.2.)
+
+This exception class is also disabled:
+
+    StandardError
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import division, absolute_import, print_function
+
+from future import utils
+
+
+OBSOLETE_BUILTINS = ['apply', 'chr', 'cmp', 'coerce', 'execfile', 'file',
+                     'input', 'long', 'raw_input', 'reduce', 'reload',
+                     'unicode', 'xrange', 'StandardError']
+
+
+def disabled_function(name):
+    '''
+    Returns a function that cannot be called
+    '''
+    def disabled(*args, **kwargs):
+        '''
+        A function disabled by the ``future`` module. This function is
+        no longer a builtin in Python 3.
+        '''
+        raise NameError('obsolete Python 2 builtin {0} is disabled'.format(name))
+    return disabled
+
+
+if not utils.PY3:
+    for fname in OBSOLETE_BUILTINS:
+        locals()[fname] = disabled_function(fname)
+    __all__ = OBSOLETE_BUILTINS
+else:
+    __all__ = []
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/iterators.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/iterators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dff651e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/iterators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""
+This module is designed to be used as follows::
+
+    from future.builtins.iterators import *
+
+And then, for example::
+
+    for i in range(10**15):
+        pass
+
+    for (a, b) in zip(range(10**15), range(-10**15, 0)):
+        pass
+
+Note that this is standard Python 3 code, plus some imports that do
+nothing on Python 3.
+
+The iterators this brings in are::
+
+- ``range``
+- ``filter``
+- ``map``
+- ``zip``
+
+On Python 2, ``range`` is a pure-Python backport of Python 3's ``range``
+iterator with slicing support. The other iterators (``filter``, ``map``,
+``zip``) are from the ``itertools`` module on Python 2. On Python 3 these
+are available in the module namespace but not exported for * imports via
+__all__ (zero no namespace pollution).
+
+Note that these are also available in the standard library
+``future_builtins`` module on Python 2 -- but not Python 3, so using
+the standard library version is not portable, nor anywhere near complete.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import division, absolute_import, print_function
+
+import itertools
+from future import utils
+
+if not utils.PY3:
+    filter = itertools.ifilter
+    map = itertools.imap
+    from future.types import newrange as range
+    zip = itertools.izip
+    __all__ = ['filter', 'map', 'range', 'zip']
+else:
+    import builtins
+    filter = builtins.filter
+    map = builtins.map
+    range = builtins.range
+    zip = builtins.zip
+    __all__ = []
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/misc.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f86ce5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""
+A module that brings in equivalents of various modified Python 3 builtins
+into Py2. Has no effect on Py3.
+
+The builtin functions are:
+
+- ``ascii`` (from Py2's future_builtins module)
+- ``hex`` (from Py2's future_builtins module)
+- ``oct`` (from Py2's future_builtins module)
+- ``chr`` (equivalent to ``unichr`` on Py2)
+- ``input`` (equivalent to ``raw_input`` on Py2)
+- ``next`` (calls ``__next__`` if it exists, else ``next`` method)
+- ``open`` (equivalent to io.open on Py2)
+- ``super`` (backport of Py3's magic zero-argument super() function
+- ``round`` (new "Banker's Rounding" behaviour from Py3)
+- ``max`` (new default option from Py3.4)
+- ``min`` (new default option from Py3.4)
+
+``isinstance`` is also currently exported for backwards compatibility
+with v0.8.2, although this has been deprecated since v0.9.
+
+
+input()
+-------
+Like the new ``input()`` function from Python 3 (without eval()), except
+that it returns bytes. Equivalent to Python 2's ``raw_input()``.
+
+Warning: By default, importing this module *removes* the old Python 2
+input() function entirely from ``__builtin__`` for safety. This is
+because forgetting to import the new ``input`` from ``future`` might
+otherwise lead to a security vulnerability (shell injection) on Python 2.
+
+To restore it, you can retrieve it yourself from
+``__builtin__._old_input``.
+
+Fortunately, ``input()`` seems to be seldom used in the wild in Python
+2...
+
+"""
+
+from future import utils
+
+
+if utils.PY2:
+    from io import open
+    from future_builtins import ascii, oct, hex
+    from __builtin__ import unichr as chr, pow as _builtin_pow
+    import __builtin__
+
+    # Only for backward compatibility with future v0.8.2:
+    isinstance = __builtin__.isinstance
+
+    # Warning: Python 2's input() is unsafe and MUST not be able to be used
+    # accidentally by someone who expects Python 3 semantics but forgets
+    # to import it on Python 2. Versions of ``future`` prior to 0.11
+    # deleted it from __builtin__.  Now we keep in __builtin__ but shadow
+    # the name like all others. Just be sure to import ``input``.
+
+    input = raw_input
+
+    from future.builtins.newnext import newnext as next
+    from future.builtins.newround import newround as round
+    from future.builtins.newsuper import newsuper as super
+    from future.builtins.new_min_max import newmax as max
+    from future.builtins.new_min_max import newmin as min
+    from future.types.newint import newint
+
+    _SENTINEL = object()
+
+    def pow(x, y, z=_SENTINEL):
+        """
+        pow(x, y[, z]) -> number
+
+        With two arguments, equivalent to x**y.  With three arguments,
+        equivalent to (x**y) % z, but may be more efficient (e.g. for ints).
+        """
+        # Handle newints
+        if isinstance(x, newint):
+            x = long(x)
+        if isinstance(y, newint):
+            y = long(y)
+        if isinstance(z, newint):
+            z = long(z)
+
+        try:
+            if z == _SENTINEL:
+                return _builtin_pow(x, y)
+            else:
+                return _builtin_pow(x, y, z)
+        except ValueError:
+            if z == _SENTINEL:
+                return _builtin_pow(x+0j, y)
+            else:
+                return _builtin_pow(x+0j, y, z)
+
+
+    # ``future`` doesn't support Py3.0/3.1. If we ever did, we'd add this:
+    #     callable = __builtin__.callable
+
+    __all__ = ['ascii', 'chr', 'hex', 'input', 'isinstance', 'next', 'oct',
+               'open', 'pow', 'round', 'super', 'max', 'min']
+
+else:
+    import builtins
+    ascii = builtins.ascii
+    chr = builtins.chr
+    hex = builtins.hex
+    input = builtins.input
+    next = builtins.next
+    # Only for backward compatibility with future v0.8.2:
+    isinstance = builtins.isinstance
+    oct = builtins.oct
+    open = builtins.open
+    pow = builtins.pow
+    round = builtins.round
+    super = builtins.super
+    if utils.PY34_PLUS:
+        max = builtins.max
+        min = builtins.min
+        __all__ = []
+    else:
+        from future.builtins.new_min_max import newmax as max
+        from future.builtins.new_min_max import newmin as min
+        __all__ = ['min', 'max']
+
+    # The callable() function was removed from Py3.0 and 3.1 and
+    # reintroduced into Py3.2+. ``future`` doesn't support Py3.0/3.1. If we ever
+    # did, we'd add this:
+    # try:
+    #     callable = builtins.callable
+    # except AttributeError:
+    #     # Definition from Pandas
+    #     def callable(obj):
+    #         return any("__call__" in klass.__dict__ for klass in type(obj).__mro__)
+    #     __all__.append('callable')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/new_min_max.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/new_min_max.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f0c2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/new_min_max.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import itertools
+
+from future import utils
+if utils.PY2:
+    from __builtin__ import max as _builtin_max, min as _builtin_min
+else:
+    from builtins import max as _builtin_max, min as _builtin_min
+
+_SENTINEL = object()
+
+
+def newmin(*args, **kwargs):
+    return new_min_max(_builtin_min, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def newmax(*args, **kwargs):
+    return new_min_max(_builtin_max, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def new_min_max(_builtin_func, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    To support the argument "default" introduced in python 3.4 for min and max
+    :param _builtin_func: builtin min or builtin max
+    :param args:
+    :param kwargs:
+    :return: returns the min or max based on the arguments passed
+    """
+
+    for key, _ in kwargs.items():
+        if key not in set(['key', 'default']):
+            raise TypeError('Illegal argument %s', key)
+
+    if len(args) == 0:
+        raise TypeError
+
+    if len(args) != 1 and kwargs.get('default', _SENTINEL) is not _SENTINEL:
+        raise TypeError
+
+    if len(args) == 1:
+        iterator = iter(args[0])
+        try:
+            first = next(iterator)
+        except StopIteration:
+            if kwargs.get('default', _SENTINEL) is not _SENTINEL:
+                return kwargs.get('default')
+            else:
+                raise ValueError('{}() arg is an empty sequence'.format(_builtin_func.__name__))
+        else:
+            iterator = itertools.chain([first], iterator)
+        if kwargs.get('key') is not None:
+            return _builtin_func(iterator, key=kwargs.get('key'))
+        else:
+            return _builtin_func(iterator)
+
+    if len(args) > 1:
+        if kwargs.get('key') is not None:
+            return _builtin_func(args, key=kwargs.get('key'))
+        else:
+            return _builtin_func(args)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newnext.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newnext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..097638a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newnext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+'''
+This module provides a newnext() function in Python 2 that mimics the
+behaviour of ``next()`` in Python 3, falling back to Python 2's behaviour for
+compatibility if this fails.
+
+``newnext(iterator)`` calls the iterator's ``__next__()`` method if it exists. If this
+doesn't exist, it falls back to calling a ``next()`` method.
+
+For example:
+
+    >>> class Odds(object):
+    ...     def __init__(self, start=1):
+    ...         self.value = start - 2
+    ...     def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+    ...         self.value += 2
+    ...         return self.value
+    ...     def __iter__(self):
+    ...         return self
+    ...
+    >>> iterator = Odds()
+    >>> next(iterator)
+    1
+    >>> next(iterator)
+    3
+
+If you are defining your own custom iterator class as above, it is preferable
+to explicitly decorate the class with the @implements_iterator decorator from
+``future.utils`` as follows:
+
+    >>> @implements_iterator
+    ... class Odds(object):
+    ...     # etc
+    ...     pass
+
+This next() function is primarily for consuming iterators defined in Python 3
+code elsewhere that we would like to run on Python 2 or 3.
+'''
+
+_builtin_next = next
+
+_SENTINEL = object()
+
+def newnext(iterator, default=_SENTINEL):
+    """
+    next(iterator[, default])
+
+    Return the next item from the iterator. If default is given and the iterator
+    is exhausted, it is returned instead of raising StopIteration.
+    """
+
+    # args = []
+    # if default is not _SENTINEL:
+    #     args.append(default)
+    try:
+        try:
+            return iterator.__next__()
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:
+                return iterator.next()
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise TypeError("'{0}' object is not an iterator".format(
+                                           iterator.__class__.__name__))
+    except StopIteration as e:
+        if default is _SENTINEL:
+            raise e
+        else:
+            return default
+
+
+__all__ = ['newnext']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newround.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newround.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..394a2c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newround.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""
+``python-future``: pure Python implementation of Python 3 round().
+"""
+
+from future.utils import PYPY, PY26, bind_method
+
+# Use the decimal module for simplicity of implementation (and
+# hopefully correctness).
+from decimal import Decimal, ROUND_HALF_EVEN
+
+
+def newround(number, ndigits=None):
+    """
+    See Python 3 documentation: uses Banker's Rounding.
+
+    Delegates to the __round__ method if for some reason this exists.
+
+    If not, rounds a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default
+    0 digits). This returns an int when called with one argument,
+    otherwise the same type as the number. ndigits may be negative.
+
+    See the test_round method in future/tests/test_builtins.py for
+    examples.
+    """
+    return_int = False
+    if ndigits is None:
+        return_int = True
+        ndigits = 0
+    if hasattr(number, '__round__'):
+        return number.__round__(ndigits)
+
+    if ndigits < 0:
+        raise NotImplementedError('negative ndigits not supported yet')
+    exponent = Decimal('10') ** (-ndigits)
+
+    if PYPY:
+        # Work around issue #24: round() breaks on PyPy with NumPy's types
+        if 'numpy' in repr(type(number)):
+            number = float(number)
+
+    if isinstance(number, Decimal):
+        d = number
+    else:
+        if not PY26:
+            d = Decimal.from_float(number).quantize(exponent,
+                                                rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+        else:
+            d = from_float_26(number).quantize(exponent, rounding=ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+
+    if return_int:
+        return int(d)
+    else:
+        return float(d)
+
+
+### From Python 2.7's decimal.py. Only needed to support Py2.6:
+
+def from_float_26(f):
+    """Converts a float to a decimal number, exactly.
+
+    Note that Decimal.from_float(0.1) is not the same as Decimal('0.1').
+    Since 0.1 is not exactly representable in binary floating point, the
+    value is stored as the nearest representable value which is
+    0x1.999999999999ap-4.  The exact equivalent of the value in decimal
+    is 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625.
+
+    >>> Decimal.from_float(0.1)
+    Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')
+    >>> Decimal.from_float(float('nan'))
+    Decimal('NaN')
+    >>> Decimal.from_float(float('inf'))
+    Decimal('Infinity')
+    >>> Decimal.from_float(-float('inf'))
+    Decimal('-Infinity')
+    >>> Decimal.from_float(-0.0)
+    Decimal('-0')
+
+    """
+    import math as _math
+    from decimal import _dec_from_triple    # only available on Py2.6 and Py2.7 (not 3.3)
+
+    if isinstance(f, (int, long)):        # handle integer inputs
+        return Decimal(f)
+    if _math.isinf(f) or _math.isnan(f):  # raises TypeError if not a float
+        return Decimal(repr(f))
+    if _math.copysign(1.0, f) == 1.0:
+        sign = 0
+    else:
+        sign = 1
+    n, d = abs(f).as_integer_ratio()
+    # int.bit_length() method doesn't exist on Py2.6:
+    def bit_length(d):
+        if d != 0:
+            return len(bin(abs(d))) - 2
+        else:
+            return 0
+    k = bit_length(d) - 1
+    result = _dec_from_triple(sign, str(n*5**k), -k)
+    return result
+
+
+__all__ = ['newround']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newsuper.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newsuper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d3402b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/builtins/newsuper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+'''
+This module provides a newsuper() function in Python 2 that mimics the
+behaviour of super() in Python 3. It is designed to be used as follows:
+
+    from __future__ import division, absolute_import, print_function
+    from future.builtins import super
+
+And then, for example:
+
+    class VerboseList(list):
+        def append(self, item):
+            print('Adding an item')
+            super().append(item)        # new simpler super() function
+
+Importing this module on Python 3 has no effect.
+
+This is based on (i.e. almost identical to) Ryan Kelly's magicsuper
+module here:
+
+    https://github.com/rfk/magicsuper.git
+
+Excerpts from Ryan's docstring:
+
+  "Of course, you can still explicitly pass in the arguments if you want
+  to do something strange.  Sometimes you really do want that, e.g. to
+  skip over some classes in the method resolution order.
+
+  "How does it work?  By inspecting the calling frame to determine the
+  function object being executed and the object on which it's being
+  called, and then walking the object's __mro__ chain to find out where
+  that function was defined.  Yuck, but it seems to work..."
+'''
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+from types import FunctionType
+
+from future.utils import PY3, PY26
+
+
+_builtin_super = super
+
+_SENTINEL = object()
+
+def newsuper(typ=_SENTINEL, type_or_obj=_SENTINEL, framedepth=1):
+    '''Like builtin super(), but capable of magic.
+
+    This acts just like the builtin super() function, but if called
+    without any arguments it attempts to infer them at runtime.
+    '''
+    #  Infer the correct call if used without arguments.
+    if typ is _SENTINEL:
+        # We'll need to do some frame hacking.
+        f = sys._getframe(framedepth)
+
+        try:
+            # Get the function's first positional argument.
+            type_or_obj = f.f_locals[f.f_code.co_varnames[0]]
+        except (IndexError, KeyError,):
+            raise RuntimeError('super() used in a function with no args')
+
+        try:
+            # Get the MRO so we can crawl it.
+            mro = type_or_obj.__mro__
+        except (AttributeError, RuntimeError):  # see issue #160
+            try:
+                mro = type_or_obj.__class__.__mro__
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise RuntimeError('super() used with a non-newstyle class')
+
+        #   A ``for...else`` block?  Yes!  It's odd, but useful.
+        #   If unfamiliar with for...else, see:
+        #
+        #       http://psung.blogspot.com/2007/12/for-else-in-python.html
+        for typ in mro:
+            #  Find the class that owns the currently-executing method.
+            for meth in typ.__dict__.values():
+                # Drill down through any wrappers to the underlying func.
+                # This handles e.g. classmethod() and staticmethod().
+                try:
+                    while not isinstance(meth,FunctionType):
+                        if isinstance(meth, property):
+                            # Calling __get__ on the property will invoke
+                            # user code which might throw exceptions or have
+                            # side effects
+                            meth = meth.fget
+                        else:
+                            try:
+                                meth = meth.__func__
+                            except AttributeError:
+                                meth = meth.__get__(type_or_obj, typ)
+                except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                    continue
+                if meth.func_code is f.f_code:
+                    break   # Aha!  Found you.
+            else:
+                continue    #  Not found! Move onto the next class in MRO.
+            break    #  Found! Break out of the search loop.
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError('super() called outside a method')
+
+    #  Dispatch to builtin super().
+    if type_or_obj is not _SENTINEL:
+        return _builtin_super(typ, type_or_obj)
+    return _builtin_super(typ)
+
+
+def superm(*args, **kwds):
+    f = sys._getframe(1)
+    nm = f.f_code.co_name
+    return getattr(newsuper(framedepth=2),nm)(*args, **kwds)
+
+
+__all__ = ['newsuper']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cd60d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# future.moves package
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+from future.standard_library import import_top_level_modules
+
+if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+    import_top_level_modules()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_dummy_thread.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_dummy_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..688d249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_dummy_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from _dummy_thread import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from dummy_thread import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_markupbase.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_markupbase.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9fb4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_markupbase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from _markupbase import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from markupbase import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_thread.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_thread.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c68018b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/_thread.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from _thread import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from thread import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/builtins.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/builtins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4b6221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/builtins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from builtins import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from __builtin__ import *
+    # Overwrite any old definitions with the equivalent future.builtins ones:
+    from future.builtins import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/collections.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/collections.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..664ee6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/collections.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+from future.utils import PY2, PY26
+__future_module__ = True
+
+from collections import *
+
+if PY2:
+    from UserDict import UserDict
+    from UserList import UserList
+    from UserString import UserString
+
+if PY26:
+    from future.backports.misc import OrderedDict, Counter
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 3):
+    from future.backports.misc import ChainMap, _count_elements
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/configparser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/configparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33d9cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/configparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+if PY2:
+    from ConfigParser import *
+else:
+    from configparser import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/copyreg.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/copyreg.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d08cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/copyreg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    import copyreg, sys
+    # A "*" import uses Python 3's copyreg.__all__ which does not include
+    # all public names in the API surface for copyreg, this avoids that
+    # problem by just making our module _be_ a reference to the actual module.
+    sys.modules['future.moves.copyreg'] = copyreg
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from copy_reg import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..626b406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from dbm import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from whichdb import *
+    from anydbm import *
+
+# Py3.3's dbm/__init__.py imports ndbm but doesn't expose it via __all__.
+# In case some (badly written) code depends on dbm.ndbm after import dbm,
+# we simulate this:
+if PY3:
+    from dbm import ndbm
+else:
+    try:
+        from future.moves.dbm import ndbm
+    except ImportError:
+        ndbm = None
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/dumb.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/dumb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..528383f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/dumb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from dbm.dumb import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from dumbdbm import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/gnu.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/gnu.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68ccf67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/gnu.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from dbm.gnu import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from gdbm import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/ndbm.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/ndbm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c6fff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/dbm/ndbm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from dbm.ndbm import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from dbm import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22ed6e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if PY3:
+    from html import *
+else:
+    # cgi.escape isn't good enough for the single Py3.3 html test to pass.
+    # Define it inline here instead. From the Py3.4 stdlib. Note that the
+    # html.escape() function from the Py3.3 stdlib is not suitable for use on
+    # Py2.x.
+    """
+    General functions for HTML manipulation.
+    """
+
+    def escape(s, quote=True):
+        """
+        Replace special characters "&", "<" and ">" to HTML-safe sequences.
+        If the optional flag quote is true (the default), the quotation mark
+        characters, both double quote (") and single quote (') characters are also
+        translated.
+        """
+        s = s.replace("&", "&amp;") # Must be done first!
+        s = s.replace("<", "&lt;")
+        s = s.replace(">", "&gt;")
+        if quote:
+            s = s.replace('"', "&quot;")
+            s = s.replace('\'', "&#x27;")
+        return s
+
+    __all__ = ['escape']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/entities.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/entities.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56a8860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/entities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from html.entities import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from htmlentitydefs import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/parser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6115b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/html/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if PY3:
+    from html.parser import *
+else:
+    from HTMLParser import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..917b3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if not PY3:
+    __future_module__ = True
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/client.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55f9c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from http.client import *
+else:
+    from httplib import *
+    from httplib import HTTPMessage
+    __future_module__ = True
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/cookiejar.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/cookiejar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea00df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/cookiejar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from http.cookiejar import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from cookielib import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/cookies.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/cookies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b74fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/cookies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from http.cookies import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from Cookie import *
+    from Cookie import Morsel    # left out of __all__ on Py2.7!
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/server.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e75cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/http/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from http.server import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from BaseHTTPServer import *
+    from CGIHTTPServer import *
+    from SimpleHTTPServer import *
+    try:
+        from CGIHTTPServer import _url_collapse_path     # needed for a test
+    except ImportError:
+        try:
+            # Python 2.7.0 to 2.7.3
+            from CGIHTTPServer import (
+                _url_collapse_path_split as _url_collapse_path)
+        except ImportError:
+            # Doesn't exist on Python 2.6.x. Ignore it.
+            pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/itertools.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/itertools.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5eb20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/itertools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from itertools import *
+try:
+    zip_longest = izip_longest
+    filterfalse = ifilterfalse
+except NameError:
+    pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/pickle.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/pickle.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c53d693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/pickle.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from pickle import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    try:
+        from cPickle import *
+    except ImportError:
+        from pickle import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/queue.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/queue.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cb1437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/queue.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from queue import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from Queue import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/reprlib.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/reprlib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a313a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/reprlib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from reprlib import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from repr import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/socketserver.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/socketserver.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..062e084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/socketserver.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from socketserver import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from SocketServer import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/subprocess.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/subprocess.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43ffd2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/subprocess.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY2, PY26
+
+from subprocess import *
+
+if PY2:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from commands import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+
+if PY26:
+    from future.backports.misc import check_output
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/sys.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/sys.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1293bcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/sys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+from sys import *
+
+if PY2:
+    from __builtin__ import intern
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/test/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/test/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cf428b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/test/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if not PY3:
+    __future_module__ = True
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/test/support.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/test/support.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9aa0f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/test/support.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.standard_library import suspend_hooks
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from test.support import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    with suspend_hooks():
+        from test.test_support import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e408296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if not PY3:
+    from Tkinter import *
+    from Tkinter import (_cnfmerge, _default_root, _flatten,
+                          _support_default_root, _test,
+                         _tkinter, _setit)
+
+    try: # >= 2.7.4
+        from Tkinter import (_join) 
+    except ImportError: 
+        pass
+
+    try: # >= 2.7.4
+        from Tkinter import (_stringify)
+    except ImportError: 
+        pass
+
+    try: # >= 2.7.9
+        from Tkinter import (_splitdict)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+else:
+    from tkinter import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/colorchooser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/colorchooser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dde6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/colorchooser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.colorchooser import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkColorChooser import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkColorChooser module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/commondialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/commondialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb7ae8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/commondialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.commondialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkCommonDialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkCommonDialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/constants.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe0981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.constants import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Tkconstants import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Tkconstants module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..113370c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.dialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Dialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Dialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dnd.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dnd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ab4379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/dnd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.dnd import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Tkdnd import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Tkdnd module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/filedialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/filedialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..973923e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/filedialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.filedialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from FileDialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The FileDialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/font.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/font.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..628f399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/font.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.font import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkFont import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkFont module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/messagebox.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/messagebox.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b43d870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/messagebox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.messagebox import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkMessageBox import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkMessageBox module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/scrolledtext.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/scrolledtext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c69db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/scrolledtext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.scrolledtext import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from ScrolledText import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The ScrolledText module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/simpledialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/simpledialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dba93fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/simpledialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.simpledialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from SimpleDialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The SimpleDialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/tix.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/tix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d1718a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/tix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.tix import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Tix import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Tix module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/ttk.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/ttk.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..081c1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/tkinter/ttk.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.ttk import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from ttk import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The ttk module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cf428b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if not PY3:
+    __future_module__ = True
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/error.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/error.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d8ada7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.standard_library import suspend_hooks
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from urllib.error import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+
+    # We use this method to get at the original Py2 urllib before any renaming magic
+    # ContentTooShortError = sys.py2_modules['urllib'].ContentTooShortError
+
+    with suspend_hooks():
+        from urllib import ContentTooShortError
+        from urllib2 import URLError, HTTPError
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/parse.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/parse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9074b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/parse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.standard_library import suspend_hooks
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from urllib.parse import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from urlparse import (ParseResult, SplitResult, parse_qs, parse_qsl,
+                          urldefrag, urljoin, urlparse, urlsplit,
+                          urlunparse, urlunsplit)
+
+    # we use this method to get at the original py2 urllib before any renaming
+    # quote = sys.py2_modules['urllib'].quote
+    # quote_plus = sys.py2_modules['urllib'].quote_plus
+    # unquote = sys.py2_modules['urllib'].unquote
+    # unquote_plus = sys.py2_modules['urllib'].unquote_plus
+    # urlencode = sys.py2_modules['urllib'].urlencode
+    # splitquery = sys.py2_modules['urllib'].splitquery
+
+    with suspend_hooks():
+        from urllib import (quote,
+                            quote_plus,
+                            unquote,
+                            unquote_plus,
+                            urlencode,
+                            splitquery)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/request.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..972aa4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.standard_library import suspend_hooks
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from urllib.request import *
+    # This aren't in __all__:
+    from urllib.request import (getproxies,
+                                pathname2url,
+                                proxy_bypass,
+                                quote,
+                                request_host,
+                                thishost,
+                                unquote,
+                                url2pathname,
+                                urlcleanup,
+                                urljoin,
+                                urlopen,
+                                urlparse,
+                                urlretrieve,
+                                urlsplit,
+                                urlunparse)
+
+    from urllib.parse import (splitattr,
+                              splithost,
+                              splitpasswd,
+                              splitport,
+                              splitquery,
+                              splittag,
+                              splittype,
+                              splituser,
+                              splitvalue,
+                              to_bytes,
+                              unwrap)
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    with suspend_hooks():
+        from urllib import *
+        from urllib2 import *
+        from urlparse import *
+
+        # Rename:
+        from urllib import toBytes    # missing from __all__ on Py2.6
+        to_bytes = toBytes
+
+        # from urllib import (pathname2url,
+        #                     url2pathname,
+        #                     getproxies,
+        #                     urlretrieve,
+        #                     urlcleanup,
+        #                     URLopener,
+        #                     FancyURLopener,
+        #                     proxy_bypass)
+
+        # from urllib2 import (
+        #                  AbstractBasicAuthHandler,
+        #                  AbstractDigestAuthHandler,
+        #                  BaseHandler,
+        #                  CacheFTPHandler,
+        #                  FileHandler,
+        #                  FTPHandler,
+        #                  HTTPBasicAuthHandler,
+        #                  HTTPCookieProcessor,
+        #                  HTTPDefaultErrorHandler,
+        #                  HTTPDigestAuthHandler,
+        #                  HTTPErrorProcessor,
+        #                  HTTPHandler,
+        #                  HTTPPasswordMgr,
+        #                  HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm,
+        #                  HTTPRedirectHandler,
+        #                  HTTPSHandler,
+        #                  URLError,
+        #                  build_opener,
+        #                  install_opener,
+        #                  OpenerDirector,
+        #                  ProxyBasicAuthHandler,
+        #                  ProxyDigestAuthHandler,
+        #                  ProxyHandler,
+        #                  Request,
+        #                  UnknownHandler,
+        #                  urlopen,
+        #                 )
+
+        # from urlparse import (
+        #                  urldefrag
+        #                  urljoin,
+        #                  urlparse,
+        #                  urlunparse,
+        #                  urlsplit,
+        #                  urlunsplit,
+        #                  parse_qs,
+        #                  parse_q"
+        #                 )
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/response.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a287ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from future import standard_library
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from urllib.response import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
+        from urllib import (addbase,
+                            addclosehook,
+                            addinfo,
+                            addinfourl)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/robotparser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/robotparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dc8f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/urllib/robotparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from urllib.robotparser import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from robotparser import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/winreg.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/winreg.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8b1475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/winreg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from winreg import *
+else:
+    __future_module__ = True
+    from _winreg import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/client.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4708cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from xmlrpc.client import *
+else:
+    from xmlrpclib import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/server.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a8af34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/moves/xmlrpc/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from xmlrpc.server import *
+else:
+    from xmlrpclib import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/standard_library/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/standard_library/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cff02f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/standard_library/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+"""
+Python 3 reorganized the standard library (PEP 3108). This module exposes
+several standard library modules to Python 2 under their new Python 3
+names.
+
+It is designed to be used as follows::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+And then these normal Py3 imports work on both Py3 and Py2::
+
+    import builtins
+    import copyreg
+    import queue
+    import reprlib
+    import socketserver
+    import winreg    # on Windows only
+    import test.support
+    import html, html.parser, html.entites
+    import http, http.client, http.server
+    import http.cookies, http.cookiejar
+    import urllib.parse, urllib.request, urllib.response, urllib.error, urllib.robotparser
+    import xmlrpc.client, xmlrpc.server
+
+    import _thread
+    import _dummy_thread
+    import _markupbase
+
+    from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+    from sys import intern
+    from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+    from collections import OrderedDict, Counter, ChainMap     # even on Py2.6
+    from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+    from subprocess import check_output              # even on Py2.6
+
+(The renamed modules and functions are still available under their old
+names on Python 2.)
+
+This is a cleaner alternative to this idiom (see
+http://docs.pythonsprints.com/python3_porting/py-porting.html)::
+
+    try:
+        import queue
+    except ImportError:
+        import Queue as queue
+
+
+Limitations
+-----------
+We don't currently support these modules, but would like to::
+
+    import dbm
+    import dbm.dumb
+    import dbm.gnu
+    import collections.abc  # on Py33
+    import pickle     # should (optionally) bring in cPickle on Python 2
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import sys
+import logging
+import imp
+import contextlib
+import types
+import copy
+import os
+
+# Make a dedicated logger; leave the root logger to be configured
+# by the application.
+flog = logging.getLogger('future_stdlib')
+_formatter = logging.Formatter(logging.BASIC_FORMAT)
+_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+_handler.setFormatter(_formatter)
+flog.addHandler(_handler)
+flog.setLevel(logging.WARN)
+
+from future.utils import PY2, PY3
+
+# The modules that are defined under the same names on Py3 but with
+# different contents in a significant way (e.g. submodules) are:
+#   pickle (fast one)
+#   dbm
+#   urllib
+#   test
+#   email
+
+REPLACED_MODULES = set(['test', 'urllib', 'pickle', 'dbm'])  # add email and dbm when we support it
+
+# The following module names are not present in Python 2.x, so they cause no
+# potential clashes between the old and new names:
+#   http
+#   html
+#   tkinter
+#   xmlrpc
+# Keys: Py2 / real module names
+# Values: Py3 / simulated module names
+RENAMES = {
+           # 'cStringIO': 'io',  # there's a new io module in Python 2.6
+                                 # that provides StringIO and BytesIO
+           # 'StringIO': 'io',   # ditto
+           # 'cPickle': 'pickle',
+           '__builtin__': 'builtins',
+           'copy_reg': 'copyreg',
+           'Queue': 'queue',
+           'future.moves.socketserver': 'socketserver',
+           'ConfigParser': 'configparser',
+           'repr': 'reprlib',
+           # 'FileDialog': 'tkinter.filedialog',
+           # 'tkFileDialog': 'tkinter.filedialog',
+           # 'SimpleDialog': 'tkinter.simpledialog',
+           # 'tkSimpleDialog': 'tkinter.simpledialog',
+           # 'tkColorChooser': 'tkinter.colorchooser',
+           # 'tkCommonDialog': 'tkinter.commondialog',
+           # 'Dialog': 'tkinter.dialog',
+           # 'Tkdnd': 'tkinter.dnd',
+           # 'tkFont': 'tkinter.font',
+           # 'tkMessageBox': 'tkinter.messagebox',
+           # 'ScrolledText': 'tkinter.scrolledtext',
+           # 'Tkconstants': 'tkinter.constants',
+           # 'Tix': 'tkinter.tix',
+           # 'ttk': 'tkinter.ttk',
+           # 'Tkinter': 'tkinter',
+           '_winreg': 'winreg',
+           'thread': '_thread',
+           'dummy_thread': '_dummy_thread',
+           # 'anydbm': 'dbm',   # causes infinite import loop
+           # 'whichdb': 'dbm',  # causes infinite import loop
+           # anydbm and whichdb are handled by fix_imports2
+           # 'dbhash': 'dbm.bsd',
+           # 'dumbdbm': 'dbm.dumb',
+           # 'dbm': 'dbm.ndbm',
+           # 'gdbm': 'dbm.gnu',
+           'future.moves.xmlrpc': 'xmlrpc',
+           # 'future.backports.email': 'email',    # for use by urllib
+           # 'DocXMLRPCServer': 'xmlrpc.server',
+           # 'SimpleXMLRPCServer': 'xmlrpc.server',
+           # 'httplib': 'http.client',
+           # 'htmlentitydefs' : 'html.entities',
+           # 'HTMLParser' : 'html.parser',
+           # 'Cookie': 'http.cookies',
+           # 'cookielib': 'http.cookiejar',
+           # 'BaseHTTPServer': 'http.server',
+           # 'SimpleHTTPServer': 'http.server',
+           # 'CGIHTTPServer': 'http.server',
+           # 'future.backports.test': 'test',  # primarily for renaming test_support to support
+           # 'commands': 'subprocess',
+           # 'urlparse' : 'urllib.parse',
+           # 'robotparser' : 'urllib.robotparser',
+           # 'abc': 'collections.abc',   # for Py33
+           # 'future.utils.six.moves.html': 'html',
+           # 'future.utils.six.moves.http': 'http',
+           'future.moves.html': 'html',
+           'future.moves.http': 'http',
+           # 'future.backports.urllib': 'urllib',
+           # 'future.utils.six.moves.urllib': 'urllib',
+           'future.moves._markupbase': '_markupbase',
+          }
+
+
+# It is complicated and apparently brittle to mess around with the
+# ``sys.modules`` cache in order to support "import urllib" meaning two
+# different things (Py2.7 urllib and backported Py3.3-like urllib) in different
+# contexts. So we require explicit imports for these modules.
+assert len(set(RENAMES.values()) & set(REPLACED_MODULES)) == 0
+
+
+# Harmless renames that we can insert.
+# These modules need names from elsewhere being added to them:
+#   subprocess: should provide getoutput and other fns from commands
+#               module but these fns are missing: getstatus, mk2arg,
+#               mkarg
+#   re:         needs an ASCII constant that works compatibly with Py3
+
+# etc: see lib2to3/fixes/fix_imports.py
+
+# (New module name, new object name, old module name, old object name)
+MOVES = [('collections', 'UserList', 'UserList', 'UserList'),
+         ('collections', 'UserDict', 'UserDict', 'UserDict'),
+         ('collections', 'UserString','UserString', 'UserString'),
+         ('collections', 'ChainMap', 'future.backports.misc', 'ChainMap'),
+         ('itertools', 'filterfalse','itertools', 'ifilterfalse'),
+         ('itertools', 'zip_longest','itertools', 'izip_longest'),
+         ('sys', 'intern','__builtin__', 'intern'),
+         # The re module has no ASCII flag in Py2, but this is the default.
+         # Set re.ASCII to a zero constant. stat.ST_MODE just happens to be one
+         # (and it exists on Py2.6+).
+         ('re', 'ASCII','stat', 'ST_MODE'),
+         ('base64', 'encodebytes','base64', 'encodestring'),
+         ('base64', 'decodebytes','base64', 'decodestring'),
+         ('subprocess', 'getoutput', 'commands', 'getoutput'),
+         ('subprocess', 'getstatusoutput', 'commands', 'getstatusoutput'),
+         ('subprocess', 'check_output', 'future.backports.misc', 'check_output'),
+         ('math', 'ceil', 'future.backports.misc', 'ceil'),
+         ('collections', 'OrderedDict', 'future.backports.misc', 'OrderedDict'),
+         ('collections', 'Counter', 'future.backports.misc', 'Counter'),
+         ('collections', 'ChainMap', 'future.backports.misc', 'ChainMap'),
+         ('itertools', 'count', 'future.backports.misc', 'count'),
+         ('reprlib', 'recursive_repr', 'future.backports.misc', 'recursive_repr'),
+         ('functools', 'cmp_to_key', 'future.backports.misc', 'cmp_to_key'),
+
+# This is no use, since "import urllib.request" etc. still fails:
+#          ('urllib', 'error', 'future.moves.urllib', 'error'),
+#          ('urllib', 'parse', 'future.moves.urllib', 'parse'),
+#          ('urllib', 'request', 'future.moves.urllib', 'request'),
+#          ('urllib', 'response', 'future.moves.urllib', 'response'),
+#          ('urllib', 'robotparser', 'future.moves.urllib', 'robotparser'),
+        ]
+
+
+# A minimal example of an import hook:
+# class WarnOnImport(object):
+#     def __init__(self, *args):
+#         self.module_names = args
+#
+#     def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+#         if fullname in self.module_names:
+#             self.path = path
+#             return self
+#         return None
+#
+#     def load_module(self, name):
+#         if name in sys.modules:
+#             return sys.modules[name]
+#         module_info = imp.find_module(name, self.path)
+#         module = imp.load_module(name, *module_info)
+#         sys.modules[name] = module
+#         flog.warning("Imported deprecated module %s", name)
+#         return module
+
+
+class RenameImport(object):
+    """
+    A class for import hooks mapping Py3 module names etc. to the Py2 equivalents.
+    """
+    # Different RenameImport classes are created when importing this module from
+    # different source files. This causes isinstance(hook, RenameImport) checks
+    # to produce inconsistent results. We add this RENAMER attribute here so
+    # remove_hooks() and install_hooks() can find instances of these classes
+    # easily:
+    RENAMER = True
+
+    def __init__(self, old_to_new):
+        '''
+        Pass in a dictionary-like object mapping from old names to new
+        names. E.g. {'ConfigParser': 'configparser', 'cPickle': 'pickle'}
+        '''
+        self.old_to_new = old_to_new
+        both = set(old_to_new.keys()) & set(old_to_new.values())
+        assert (len(both) == 0 and
+                len(set(old_to_new.values())) == len(old_to_new.values())), \
+               'Ambiguity in renaming (handler not implemented)'
+        self.new_to_old = dict((new, old) for (old, new) in old_to_new.items())
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        # Handles hierarchical importing: package.module.module2
+        new_base_names = set([s.split('.')[0] for s in self.new_to_old])
+        # Before v0.12: Was: if fullname in set(self.old_to_new) | new_base_names:
+        if fullname in new_base_names:
+            return self
+        return None
+
+    def load_module(self, name):
+        path = None
+        if name in sys.modules:
+            return sys.modules[name]
+        elif name in self.new_to_old:
+            # New name. Look up the corresponding old (Py2) name:
+            oldname = self.new_to_old[name]
+            module = self._find_and_load_module(oldname)
+            # module.__future_module__ = True
+        else:
+            module = self._find_and_load_module(name)
+        # In any case, make it available under the requested (Py3) name
+        sys.modules[name] = module
+        return module
+
+    def _find_and_load_module(self, name, path=None):
+        """
+        Finds and loads it. But if there's a . in the name, handles it
+        properly.
+        """
+        bits = name.split('.')
+        while len(bits) > 1:
+            # Treat the first bit as a package
+            packagename = bits.pop(0)
+            package = self._find_and_load_module(packagename, path)
+            try:
+                path = package.__path__
+            except AttributeError:
+                # This could be e.g. moves.
+                flog.debug('Package {0} has no __path__.'.format(package))
+                if name in sys.modules:
+                    return sys.modules[name]
+                flog.debug('What to do here?')
+
+        name = bits[0]
+        module_info = imp.find_module(name, path)
+        return imp.load_module(name, *module_info)
+
+
+class hooks(object):
+    """
+    Acts as a context manager. Saves the state of sys.modules and restores it
+    after the 'with' block.
+
+    Use like this:
+
+    >>> from future import standard_library
+    >>> with standard_library.hooks():
+    ...     import http.client
+    >>> import requests
+
+    For this to work, http.client will be scrubbed from sys.modules after the
+    'with' block. That way the modules imported in the 'with' block will
+    continue to be accessible in the current namespace but not from any
+    imported modules (like requests).
+    """
+    def __enter__(self):
+        # flog.debug('Entering hooks context manager')
+        self.old_sys_modules = copy.copy(sys.modules)
+        self.hooks_were_installed = detect_hooks()
+        # self.scrubbed = scrub_py2_sys_modules()
+        install_hooks()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        # flog.debug('Exiting hooks context manager')
+        # restore_sys_modules(self.scrubbed)
+        if not self.hooks_were_installed:
+            remove_hooks()
+        # scrub_future_sys_modules()
+
+# Sanity check for is_py2_stdlib_module(): We aren't replacing any
+# builtin modules names:
+if PY2:
+    assert len(set(RENAMES.values()) & set(sys.builtin_module_names)) == 0
+
+
+def is_py2_stdlib_module(m):
+    """
+    Tries to infer whether the module m is from the Python 2 standard library.
+    This may not be reliable on all systems.
+    """
+    if PY3:
+        return False
+    if not 'stdlib_path' in is_py2_stdlib_module.__dict__:
+        stdlib_files = [contextlib.__file__, os.__file__, copy.__file__]
+        stdlib_paths = [os.path.split(f)[0] for f in stdlib_files]
+        if not len(set(stdlib_paths)) == 1:
+            # This seems to happen on travis-ci.org. Very strange. We'll try to
+            # ignore it.
+            flog.warn('Multiple locations found for the Python standard '
+                         'library: %s' % stdlib_paths)
+        # Choose the first one arbitrarily
+        is_py2_stdlib_module.stdlib_path = stdlib_paths[0]
+
+    if m.__name__ in sys.builtin_module_names:
+        return True
+
+    if hasattr(m, '__file__'):
+        modpath = os.path.split(m.__file__)
+        if (modpath[0].startswith(is_py2_stdlib_module.stdlib_path) and
+            'site-packages' not in modpath[0]):
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def scrub_py2_sys_modules():
+    """
+    Removes any Python 2 standard library modules from ``sys.modules`` that
+    would interfere with Py3-style imports using import hooks. Examples are
+    modules with the same names (like urllib or email).
+
+    (Note that currently import hooks are disabled for modules like these
+    with ambiguous names anyway ...)
+    """
+    if PY3:
+        return {}
+    scrubbed = {}
+    for modulename in REPLACED_MODULES & set(RENAMES.keys()):
+        if not modulename in sys.modules:
+            continue
+
+        module = sys.modules[modulename]
+
+        if is_py2_stdlib_module(module):
+            flog.debug('Deleting (Py2) {} from sys.modules'.format(modulename))
+            scrubbed[modulename] = sys.modules[modulename]
+            del sys.modules[modulename]
+    return scrubbed
+
+
+def scrub_future_sys_modules():
+    """
+    Deprecated.
+    """
+    return {}
+
+class suspend_hooks(object):
+    """
+    Acts as a context manager. Use like this:
+
+    >>> from future import standard_library
+    >>> standard_library.install_hooks()
+    >>> import http.client
+    >>> # ...
+    >>> with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
+    >>>     import requests     # incompatible with ``future``'s standard library hooks
+
+    If the hooks were disabled before the context, they are not installed when
+    the context is left.
+    """
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.hooks_were_installed = detect_hooks()
+        remove_hooks()
+        # self.scrubbed = scrub_future_sys_modules()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        if self.hooks_were_installed:
+            install_hooks()
+        # restore_sys_modules(self.scrubbed)
+
+
+def restore_sys_modules(scrubbed):
+    """
+    Add any previously scrubbed modules back to the sys.modules cache,
+    but only if it's safe to do so.
+    """
+    clash = set(sys.modules) & set(scrubbed)
+    if len(clash) != 0:
+        # If several, choose one arbitrarily to raise an exception about
+        first = list(clash)[0]
+        raise ImportError('future module {} clashes with Py2 module'
+                          .format(first))
+    sys.modules.update(scrubbed)
+
+
+def install_aliases():
+    """
+    Monkey-patches the standard library in Py2.6/7 to provide
+    aliases for better Py3 compatibility.
+    """
+    if PY3:
+        return
+    # if hasattr(install_aliases, 'run_already'):
+    #     return
+    for (newmodname, newobjname, oldmodname, oldobjname) in MOVES:
+        __import__(newmodname)
+        # We look up the module in sys.modules because __import__ just returns the
+        # top-level package:
+        newmod = sys.modules[newmodname]
+        # newmod.__future_module__ = True
+
+        __import__(oldmodname)
+        oldmod = sys.modules[oldmodname]
+
+        obj = getattr(oldmod, oldobjname)
+        setattr(newmod, newobjname, obj)
+
+    # Hack for urllib so it appears to have the same structure on Py2 as on Py3
+    import urllib
+    from future.backports.urllib import request
+    from future.backports.urllib import response
+    from future.backports.urllib import parse
+    from future.backports.urllib import error
+    from future.backports.urllib import robotparser
+    urllib.request = request
+    urllib.response = response
+    urllib.parse = parse
+    urllib.error = error
+    urllib.robotparser = robotparser
+    sys.modules['urllib.request'] = request
+    sys.modules['urllib.response'] = response
+    sys.modules['urllib.parse'] = parse
+    sys.modules['urllib.error'] = error
+    sys.modules['urllib.robotparser'] = robotparser
+
+    # Patch the test module so it appears to have the same structure on Py2 as on Py3
+    try:
+        import test
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    try:
+        from future.moves.test import support
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        test.support = support
+        sys.modules['test.support'] = support
+
+    # Patch the dbm module so it appears to have the same structure on Py2 as on Py3
+    try:
+        import dbm
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+    else:
+        from future.moves.dbm import dumb
+        dbm.dumb = dumb
+        sys.modules['dbm.dumb'] = dumb
+        try:
+            from future.moves.dbm import gnu
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            dbm.gnu = gnu
+            sys.modules['dbm.gnu'] = gnu
+        try:
+            from future.moves.dbm import ndbm
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            dbm.ndbm = ndbm
+            sys.modules['dbm.ndbm'] = ndbm
+
+    # install_aliases.run_already = True
+
+
+def install_hooks():
+    """
+    This function installs the future.standard_library import hook into
+    sys.meta_path.
+    """
+    if PY3:
+        return
+
+    install_aliases()
+
+    flog.debug('sys.meta_path was: {0}'.format(sys.meta_path))
+    flog.debug('Installing hooks ...')
+
+    # Add it unless it's there already
+    newhook = RenameImport(RENAMES)
+    if not detect_hooks():
+        sys.meta_path.append(newhook)
+    flog.debug('sys.meta_path is now: {0}'.format(sys.meta_path))
+
+
+def enable_hooks():
+    """
+    Deprecated. Use install_hooks() instead. This will be removed by
+    ``future`` v1.0.
+    """
+    install_hooks()
+
+
+def remove_hooks(scrub_sys_modules=False):
+    """
+    This function removes the import hook from sys.meta_path.
+    """
+    if PY3:
+        return
+    flog.debug('Uninstalling hooks ...')
+    # Loop backwards, so deleting items keeps the ordering:
+    for i, hook in list(enumerate(sys.meta_path))[::-1]:
+        if hasattr(hook, 'RENAMER'):
+            del sys.meta_path[i]
+
+    # Explicit is better than implicit. In the future the interface should
+    # probably change so that scrubbing the import hooks requires a separate
+    # function call. Left as is for now for backward compatibility with
+    # v0.11.x.
+    if scrub_sys_modules:
+        scrub_future_sys_modules()
+
+
+def disable_hooks():
+    """
+    Deprecated. Use remove_hooks() instead. This will be removed by
+    ``future`` v1.0.
+    """
+    remove_hooks()
+
+
+def detect_hooks():
+    """
+    Returns True if the import hooks are installed, False if not.
+    """
+    flog.debug('Detecting hooks ...')
+    present = any([hasattr(hook, 'RENAMER') for hook in sys.meta_path])
+    if present:
+        flog.debug('Detected.')
+    else:
+        flog.debug('Not detected.')
+    return present
+
+
+# As of v0.12, this no longer happens implicitly:
+# if not PY3:
+#     install_hooks()
+
+
+if not hasattr(sys, 'py2_modules'):
+    sys.py2_modules = {}
+
+def cache_py2_modules():
+    """
+    Currently this function is unneeded, as we are not attempting to provide import hooks
+    for modules with ambiguous names: email, urllib, pickle.
+    """
+    if len(sys.py2_modules) != 0:
+        return
+    assert not detect_hooks()
+    import urllib
+    sys.py2_modules['urllib'] = urllib
+
+    import email
+    sys.py2_modules['email'] = email
+
+    import pickle
+    sys.py2_modules['pickle'] = pickle
+
+    # Not all Python installations have test module. (Anaconda doesn't, for example.)
+    # try:
+    #     import test
+    # except ImportError:
+    #     sys.py2_modules['test'] = None
+    # sys.py2_modules['test'] = test
+
+    # import dbm
+    # sys.py2_modules['dbm'] = dbm
+
+
+def import_(module_name, backport=False):
+    """
+    Pass a (potentially dotted) module name of a Python 3 standard library
+    module. This function imports the module compatibly on Py2 and Py3 and
+    returns the top-level module.
+
+    Example use:
+        >>> http = import_('http.client')
+        >>> http = import_('http.server')
+        >>> urllib = import_('urllib.request')
+
+    Then:
+        >>> conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(...)
+        >>> response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://mywebsite.com')
+        >>> # etc.
+
+    Use as follows:
+        >>> package_name = import_(module_name)
+
+    On Py3, equivalent to this:
+
+        >>> import module_name
+
+    On Py2, equivalent to this if backport=False:
+
+        >>> from future.moves import module_name
+
+    or to this if backport=True:
+
+        >>> from future.backports import module_name
+
+    except that it also handles dotted module names such as ``http.client``
+    The effect then is like this:
+
+        >>> from future.backports import module
+        >>> from future.backports.module import submodule
+        >>> module.submodule = submodule
+
+    Note that this would be a SyntaxError in Python:
+
+        >>> from future.backports import http.client
+
+    """
+    # Python 2.6 doesn't have importlib in the stdlib, so it requires
+    # the backported ``importlib`` package from PyPI as a dependency to use
+    # this function:
+    import importlib
+
+    if PY3:
+        return __import__(module_name)
+    else:
+        # client.blah = blah
+        # Then http.client = client
+        # etc.
+        if backport:
+            prefix = 'future.backports'
+        else:
+            prefix = 'future.moves'
+        parts = prefix.split('.') + module_name.split('.')
+
+        modules = []
+        for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+            sofar = '.'.join(parts[:i+1])
+            modules.append(importlib.import_module(sofar))
+        for i, part in reversed(list(enumerate(parts))):
+            if i == 0:
+                break
+            setattr(modules[i-1], part, modules[i])
+
+        # Return the next-most top-level module after future.backports / future.moves:
+        return modules[2]
+
+
+def from_import(module_name, *symbol_names, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Example use:
+        >>> HTTPConnection = from_import('http.client', 'HTTPConnection')
+        >>> HTTPServer = from_import('http.server', 'HTTPServer')
+        >>> urlopen, urlparse = from_import('urllib.request', 'urlopen', 'urlparse')
+
+    Equivalent to this on Py3:
+
+        >>> from module_name import symbol_names[0], symbol_names[1], ...
+
+    and this on Py2:
+
+        >>> from future.moves.module_name import symbol_names[0], ...
+
+    or:
+
+        >>> from future.backports.module_name import symbol_names[0], ...
+
+    except that it also handles dotted module names such as ``http.client``.
+    """
+
+    if PY3:
+        return __import__(module_name)
+    else:
+        if 'backport' in kwargs and bool(kwargs['backport']):
+            prefix = 'future.backports'
+        else:
+            prefix = 'future.moves'
+        parts = prefix.split('.') + module_name.split('.')
+        module = importlib.import_module(prefix + '.' + module_name)
+        output = [getattr(module, name) for name in symbol_names]
+        if len(output) == 1:
+            return output[0]
+        else:
+            return output
+
+
+class exclude_local_folder_imports(object):
+    """
+    A context-manager that prevents standard library modules like configparser
+    from being imported from the local python-future source folder on Py3.
+
+    (This was need prior to v0.16.0 because the presence of a configparser
+    folder would otherwise have prevented setuptools from running on Py3. Maybe
+    it's not needed any more?)
+    """
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        assert len(args) > 0
+        self.module_names = args
+        # Disallow dotted module names like http.client:
+        if any(['.' in m for m in self.module_names]):
+            raise NotImplementedError('Dotted module names are not supported')
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.old_sys_path = copy.copy(sys.path)
+        self.old_sys_modules = copy.copy(sys.modules)
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            return
+        # The presence of all these indicates we've found our source folder,
+        # because `builtins` won't have been installed in site-packages by setup.py:
+        FUTURE_SOURCE_SUBFOLDERS = ['future', 'past', 'libfuturize', 'libpasteurize', 'builtins']
+
+        # Look for the future source folder:
+        for folder in self.old_sys_path:
+            if all([os.path.exists(os.path.join(folder, subfolder))
+                    for subfolder in FUTURE_SOURCE_SUBFOLDERS]):
+                # Found it. Remove it.
+                sys.path.remove(folder)
+
+        # Ensure we import the system module:
+        for m in self.module_names:
+            # Delete the module and any submodules from sys.modules:
+            # for key in list(sys.modules):
+            #     if key == m or key.startswith(m + '.'):
+            #         try:
+            #             del sys.modules[key]
+            #         except KeyError:
+            #             pass
+            try:
+                module = __import__(m, level=0)
+            except ImportError:
+                # There's a problem importing the system module. E.g. the
+                # winreg module is not available except on Windows.
+                pass
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        # Restore sys.path and sys.modules:
+        sys.path = self.old_sys_path
+        for m in set(self.old_sys_modules.keys()) - set(sys.modules.keys()):
+            sys.modules[m] = self.old_sys_modules[m]
+
+TOP_LEVEL_MODULES = ['builtins',
+                     'copyreg',
+                     'html',
+                     'http',
+                     'queue',
+                     'reprlib',
+                     'socketserver',
+                     'test',
+                     'tkinter',
+                     'winreg',
+                     'xmlrpc',
+                     '_dummy_thread',
+                     '_markupbase',
+                     '_thread',
+                    ]
+
+def import_top_level_modules():
+    with exclude_local_folder_imports(*TOP_LEVEL_MODULES):
+        for m in TOP_LEVEL_MODULES:
+            try:
+                __import__(m)
+            except ImportError:     # e.g. winreg
+                pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/base.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ef437b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/tests/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import
+import os
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+import sys
+import re
+import warnings
+import io
+from textwrap import dedent
+
+from future.utils import bind_method, PY26, PY3, PY2, PY27
+from future.moves.subprocess import check_output, STDOUT, CalledProcessError
+
+if PY26:
+    import unittest2 as unittest
+
+
+def reformat_code(code):
+    """
+    Removes any leading \n and dedents.
+    """
+    if code.startswith('\n'):
+        code = code[1:]
+    return dedent(code)
+
+
+def order_future_lines(code):
+    """
+    Returns the code block with any ``__future__`` import lines sorted, and
+    then any ``future`` import lines sorted, then any ``builtins`` import lines
+    sorted.
+
+    This only sorts the lines within the expected blocks.
+
+    See test_order_future_lines() for an example.
+    """
+
+    # We need .splitlines(keepends=True), which doesn't exist on Py2,
+    # so we use this instead:
+    lines = code.split('\n')
+
+    uufuture_line_numbers = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines)
+                               if line.startswith('from __future__ import ')]
+
+    future_line_numbers = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines)
+                             if line.startswith('from future')
+                             or line.startswith('from past')]
+
+    builtins_line_numbers = [i for i, line in enumerate(lines)
+                             if line.startswith('from builtins')]
+
+    assert code.lstrip() == code, ('internal usage error: '
+            'dedent the code before calling order_future_lines()')
+
+    def mymax(numbers):
+        return max(numbers) if len(numbers) > 0 else 0
+
+    def mymin(numbers):
+        return min(numbers) if len(numbers) > 0 else float('inf')
+
+    assert mymax(uufuture_line_numbers) <= mymin(future_line_numbers), \
+            'the __future__ and future imports are out of order'
+
+    # assert mymax(future_line_numbers) <= mymin(builtins_line_numbers), \
+    #         'the future and builtins imports are out of order'
+
+    uul = sorted([lines[i] for i in uufuture_line_numbers])
+    sorted_uufuture_lines = dict(zip(uufuture_line_numbers, uul))
+
+    fl = sorted([lines[i] for i in future_line_numbers])
+    sorted_future_lines = dict(zip(future_line_numbers, fl))
+
+    bl = sorted([lines[i] for i in builtins_line_numbers])
+    sorted_builtins_lines = dict(zip(builtins_line_numbers, bl))
+
+    # Replace the old unsorted "from __future__ import ..." lines with the
+    # new sorted ones:
+    new_lines = []
+    for i in range(len(lines)):
+        if i in uufuture_line_numbers:
+            new_lines.append(sorted_uufuture_lines[i])
+        elif i in future_line_numbers:
+            new_lines.append(sorted_future_lines[i])
+        elif i in builtins_line_numbers:
+            new_lines.append(sorted_builtins_lines[i])
+        else:
+            new_lines.append(lines[i])
+    return '\n'.join(new_lines)
+
+
+class VerboseCalledProcessError(CalledProcessError):
+    """
+    Like CalledProcessError, but it displays more information (message and
+    script output) for diagnosing test failures etc.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg, returncode, cmd, output=None):
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.returncode = returncode
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.output = output
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ("Command '%s' failed with exit status %d\nMessage: %s\nOutput: %s"
+                % (self.cmd, self.returncode, self.msg, self.output))
+
+class FuturizeError(VerboseCalledProcessError):
+    pass
+
+class PasteurizeError(VerboseCalledProcessError):
+    pass
+
+
+class CodeHandler(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Handy mixin for test classes for writing / reading / futurizing /
+    running .py files in the test suite.
+    """
+    def setUp(self):
+        """
+        The outputs from the various futurize stages should have the
+        following headers:
+        """
+        # After stage1:
+        # TODO: use this form after implementing a fixer to consolidate
+        #       __future__ imports into a single line:
+        # self.headers1 = """
+        # from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+        # """
+        self.headers1 = reformat_code("""
+        from __future__ import absolute_import
+        from __future__ import division
+        from __future__ import print_function
+        """)
+
+        # After stage2 --all-imports:
+        # TODO: use this form after implementing a fixer to consolidate
+        #       __future__ imports into a single line:
+        # self.headers2 = """
+        # from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+        #                         print_function, unicode_literals)
+        # from future import standard_library
+        # from future.builtins import *
+        # """
+        self.headers2 = reformat_code("""
+        from __future__ import absolute_import
+        from __future__ import division
+        from __future__ import print_function
+        from __future__ import unicode_literals
+        from future import standard_library
+        standard_library.install_aliases()
+        from builtins import *
+        """)
+        self.interpreters = [sys.executable]
+        self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() + os.path.sep
+        pypath = os.getenv('PYTHONPATH')
+        if pypath:
+            self.env = {'PYTHONPATH': os.getcwd() + os.pathsep + pypath}
+        else:
+            self.env = {'PYTHONPATH': os.getcwd()}
+
+    def convert(self, code, stages=(1, 2), all_imports=False, from3=False,
+                reformat=True, run=True, conservative=False):
+        """
+        Converts the code block using ``futurize`` and returns the
+        resulting code.
+
+        Passing stages=[1] or stages=[2] passes the flag ``--stage1`` or
+        ``stage2`` to ``futurize``. Passing both stages runs ``futurize``
+        with both stages by default.
+
+        If from3 is False, runs ``futurize``, converting from Python 2 to
+        both 2 and 3. If from3 is True, runs ``pasteurize`` to convert
+        from Python 3 to both 2 and 3.
+
+        Optionally reformats the code block first using the reformat() function.
+
+        If run is True, runs the resulting code under all Python
+        interpreters in self.interpreters.
+        """
+        if reformat:
+            code = reformat_code(code)
+        self._write_test_script(code)
+        self._futurize_test_script(stages=stages, all_imports=all_imports,
+                                   from3=from3, conservative=conservative)
+        output = self._read_test_script()
+        if run:
+            for interpreter in self.interpreters:
+                _ = self._run_test_script(interpreter=interpreter)
+        return output
+
+    def compare(self, output, expected, ignore_imports=True):
+        """
+        Compares whether the code blocks are equal. If not, raises an
+        exception so the test fails. Ignores any trailing whitespace like
+        blank lines.
+
+        If ignore_imports is True, passes the code blocks into the
+        strip_future_imports method.
+
+        If one code block is a unicode string and the other a
+        byte-string, it assumes the byte-string is encoded as utf-8.
+        """
+        if ignore_imports:
+            output = self.strip_future_imports(output)
+            expected = self.strip_future_imports(expected)
+        if isinstance(output, bytes) and not isinstance(expected, bytes):
+            output = output.decode('utf-8')
+        if isinstance(expected, bytes) and not isinstance(output, bytes):
+            expected = expected.decode('utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(order_future_lines(output.rstrip()),
+                         expected.rstrip())
+
+    def strip_future_imports(self, code):
+        """
+        Strips any of these import lines:
+
+            from __future__ import <anything>
+            from future <anything>
+            from future.<anything>
+            from builtins <anything>
+
+        or any line containing:
+            install_hooks()
+        or:
+            install_aliases()
+
+        Limitation: doesn't handle imports split across multiple lines like
+        this:
+
+            from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
+                                    unicode_literals)
+        """
+        output = []
+        # We need .splitlines(keepends=True), which doesn't exist on Py2,
+        # so we use this instead:
+        for line in code.split('\n'):
+            if not (line.startswith('from __future__ import ')
+                    or line.startswith('from future ')
+                    or line.startswith('from builtins ')
+                    or 'install_hooks()' in line
+                    or 'install_aliases()' in line
+                    # but don't match "from future_builtins" :)
+                    or line.startswith('from future.')):
+                output.append(line)
+        return '\n'.join(output)
+
+    def convert_check(self, before, expected, stages=(1, 2), all_imports=False,
+                      ignore_imports=True, from3=False, run=True,
+                      conservative=False):
+        """
+        Convenience method that calls convert() and compare().
+
+        Reformats the code blocks automatically using the reformat_code()
+        function.
+
+        If all_imports is passed, we add the appropriate import headers
+        for the stage(s) selected to the ``expected`` code-block, so they
+        needn't appear repeatedly in the test code.
+
+        If ignore_imports is True, ignores the presence of any lines
+        beginning:
+
+            from __future__ import ...
+            from future import ...
+
+        for the purpose of the comparison.
+        """
+        output = self.convert(before, stages=stages, all_imports=all_imports,
+                              from3=from3, run=run, conservative=conservative)
+        if all_imports:
+            headers = self.headers2 if 2 in stages else self.headers1
+        else:
+            headers = ''
+
+        reformatted = reformat_code(expected)
+        if headers in reformatted:
+            headers = ''
+
+        self.compare(output, headers + reformatted,
+                     ignore_imports=ignore_imports)
+
+    def unchanged(self, code, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Convenience method to ensure the code is unchanged by the
+        futurize process.
+        """
+        self.convert_check(code, code, **kwargs)
+
+    def _write_test_script(self, code, filename='mytestscript.py'):
+        """
+        Dedents the given code (a multiline string) and writes it out to
+        a file in a temporary folder like /tmp/tmpUDCn7x/mytestscript.py.
+        """
+        if isinstance(code, bytes):
+            code = code.decode('utf-8')
+        # Be explicit about encoding the temp file as UTF-8 (issue #63):
+        with io.open(self.tempdir + filename, 'wt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write(dedent(code))
+
+    def _read_test_script(self, filename='mytestscript.py'):
+        with io.open(self.tempdir + filename, 'rt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            newsource = f.read()
+        return newsource
+
+    def _futurize_test_script(self, filename='mytestscript.py', stages=(1, 2),
+                              all_imports=False, from3=False,
+                              conservative=False):
+        params = []
+        stages = list(stages)
+        if all_imports:
+            params.append('--all-imports')
+        if from3:
+            script = 'pasteurize.py'
+        else:
+            script = 'futurize.py'
+            if stages == [1]:
+                params.append('--stage1')
+            elif stages == [2]:
+                params.append('--stage2')
+            else:
+                assert stages == [1, 2]
+            if conservative:
+                params.append('--conservative')
+            # No extra params needed
+
+        # Absolute file path:
+        fn = self.tempdir + filename
+        call_args = [sys.executable, script] + params + ['-w', fn]
+        try:
+            output = check_output(call_args, stderr=STDOUT, env=self.env)
+        except CalledProcessError as e:
+            with open(fn) as f:
+                msg = (
+                    'Error running the command %s\n'
+                    '%s\n'
+                    'Contents of file %s:\n'
+                    '\n'
+                    '%s') % (
+                        ' '.join(call_args),
+                        'env=%s' % self.env,
+                        fn,
+                        '----\n%s\n----' % f.read(),
+                    )
+            ErrorClass = (FuturizeError if 'futurize' in script else PasteurizeError)
+
+            if not hasattr(e, 'output'):
+                # The attribute CalledProcessError.output doesn't exist on Py2.6
+                e.output = None
+            raise ErrorClass(msg, e.returncode, e.cmd, output=e.output)
+        return output
+
+    def _run_test_script(self, filename='mytestscript.py',
+                         interpreter=sys.executable):
+        # Absolute file path:
+        fn = self.tempdir + filename
+        try:
+            output = check_output([interpreter, fn],
+                                  env=self.env, stderr=STDOUT)
+        except CalledProcessError as e:
+            with open(fn) as f:
+                msg = (
+                    'Error running the command %s\n'
+                    '%s\n'
+                    'Contents of file %s:\n'
+                    '\n'
+                    '%s') % (
+                        ' '.join([interpreter, fn]),
+                        'env=%s' % self.env,
+                        fn,
+                        '----\n%s\n----' % f.read(),
+                    )
+            if not hasattr(e, 'output'):
+                # The attribute CalledProcessError.output doesn't exist on Py2.6
+                e.output = None
+            raise VerboseCalledProcessError(msg, e.returncode, e.cmd, output=e.output)
+        return output
+
+
+# Decorator to skip some tests on Python 2.6 ...
+skip26 = unittest.skipIf(PY26, "this test is known to fail on Py2.6")
+
+
+def expectedFailurePY3(func):
+    if not PY3:
+        return func
+    return unittest.expectedFailure(func)
+
+def expectedFailurePY26(func):
+    if not PY26:
+        return func
+    return unittest.expectedFailure(func)
+
+
+def expectedFailurePY27(func):
+    if not PY27:
+        return func
+    return unittest.expectedFailure(func)
+
+
+def expectedFailurePY2(func):
+    if not PY2:
+        return func
+    return unittest.expectedFailure(func)
+
+
+# Renamed in Py3.3:
+if not hasattr(unittest.TestCase, 'assertRaisesRegex'):
+    unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegex = unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegexp
+
+# From Py3.3:
+def assertRegex(self, text, expected_regex, msg=None):
+    """Fail the test unless the text matches the regular expression."""
+    if isinstance(expected_regex, (str, unicode)):
+        assert expected_regex, "expected_regex must not be empty."
+        expected_regex = re.compile(expected_regex)
+    if not expected_regex.search(text):
+        msg = msg or "Regex didn't match"
+        msg = '%s: %r not found in %r' % (msg, expected_regex.pattern, text)
+        raise self.failureException(msg)
+
+if not hasattr(unittest.TestCase, 'assertRegex'):
+    bind_method(unittest.TestCase, 'assertRegex', assertRegex)
+
+class _AssertRaisesBaseContext(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, expected, test_case, callable_obj=None,
+                 expected_regex=None):
+        self.expected = expected
+        self.test_case = test_case
+        if callable_obj is not None:
+            try:
+                self.obj_name = callable_obj.__name__
+            except AttributeError:
+                self.obj_name = str(callable_obj)
+        else:
+            self.obj_name = None
+        if isinstance(expected_regex, (bytes, str)):
+            expected_regex = re.compile(expected_regex)
+        self.expected_regex = expected_regex
+        self.msg = None
+
+    def _raiseFailure(self, standardMsg):
+        msg = self.test_case._formatMessage(self.msg, standardMsg)
+        raise self.test_case.failureException(msg)
+
+    def handle(self, name, callable_obj, args, kwargs):
+        """
+        If callable_obj is None, assertRaises/Warns is being used as a
+        context manager, so check for a 'msg' kwarg and return self.
+        If callable_obj is not None, call it passing args and kwargs.
+        """
+        if callable_obj is None:
+            self.msg = kwargs.pop('msg', None)
+            return self
+        with self:
+            callable_obj(*args, **kwargs)
+
+class _AssertWarnsContext(_AssertRaisesBaseContext):
+    """A context manager used to implement TestCase.assertWarns* methods."""
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        # The __warningregistry__'s need to be in a pristine state for tests
+        # to work properly.
+        for v in sys.modules.values():
+            if getattr(v, '__warningregistry__', None):
+                v.__warningregistry__ = {}
+        self.warnings_manager = warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)
+        self.warnings = self.warnings_manager.__enter__()
+        warnings.simplefilter("always", self.expected)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
+        self.warnings_manager.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
+        if exc_type is not None:
+            # let unexpected exceptions pass through
+            return
+        try:
+            exc_name = self.expected.__name__
+        except AttributeError:
+            exc_name = str(self.expected)
+        first_matching = None
+        for m in self.warnings:
+            w = m.message
+            if not isinstance(w, self.expected):
+                continue
+            if first_matching is None:
+                first_matching = w
+            if (self.expected_regex is not None and
+                not self.expected_regex.search(str(w))):
+                continue
+            # store warning for later retrieval
+            self.warning = w
+            self.filename = m.filename
+            self.lineno = m.lineno
+            return
+        # Now we simply try to choose a helpful failure message
+        if first_matching is not None:
+            self._raiseFailure('"{}" does not match "{}"'.format(
+                     self.expected_regex.pattern, str(first_matching)))
+        if self.obj_name:
+            self._raiseFailure("{} not triggered by {}".format(exc_name,
+                                                               self.obj_name))
+        else:
+            self._raiseFailure("{} not triggered".format(exc_name))
+
+
+def assertWarns(self, expected_warning, callable_obj=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    """Fail unless a warning of class warnClass is triggered
+       by callable_obj when invoked with arguments args and keyword
+       arguments kwargs.  If a different type of warning is
+       triggered, it will not be handled: depending on the other
+       warning filtering rules in effect, it might be silenced, printed
+       out, or raised as an exception.
+
+       If called with callable_obj omitted or None, will return a
+       context object used like this::
+
+            with self.assertWarns(SomeWarning):
+                do_something()
+
+       An optional keyword argument 'msg' can be provided when assertWarns
+       is used as a context object.
+
+       The context manager keeps a reference to the first matching
+       warning as the 'warning' attribute; similarly, the 'filename'
+       and 'lineno' attributes give you information about the line
+       of Python code from which the warning was triggered.
+       This allows you to inspect the warning after the assertion::
+
+           with self.assertWarns(SomeWarning) as cm:
+               do_something()
+           the_warning = cm.warning
+           self.assertEqual(the_warning.some_attribute, 147)
+    """
+    context = _AssertWarnsContext(expected_warning, self, callable_obj)
+    return context.handle('assertWarns', callable_obj, args, kwargs)
+
+if not hasattr(unittest.TestCase, 'assertWarns'):
+    bind_method(unittest.TestCase, 'assertWarns', assertWarns)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0625077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+"""
+This module contains backports the data types that were significantly changed
+in the transition from Python 2 to Python 3.
+
+- an implementation of Python 3's bytes object (pure Python subclass of
+  Python 2's builtin 8-bit str type)
+- an implementation of Python 3's str object (pure Python subclass of
+  Python 2's builtin unicode type)
+- a backport of the range iterator from Py3 with slicing support
+
+It is used as follows::
+
+    from __future__ import division, absolute_import, print_function
+    from builtins import bytes, dict, int, range, str
+
+to bring in the new semantics for these functions from Python 3. And
+then, for example::
+
+    b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+    assert list(b) == [65, 66, 67, 68]
+    assert repr(b) == "b'ABCD'"
+    assert [65, 66] in b
+
+    # These raise TypeErrors:
+    # b + u'EFGH'
+    # b.split(u'B')
+    # bytes(b',').join([u'Fred', u'Bill'])
+
+
+    s = str(u'ABCD')
+
+    # These raise TypeErrors:
+    # s.join([b'Fred', b'Bill'])
+    # s.startswith(b'A')
+    # b'B' in s
+    # s.find(b'A')
+    # s.replace(u'A', b'a')
+
+    # This raises an AttributeError:
+    # s.decode('utf-8')
+
+    assert repr(s) == 'ABCD'      # consistent repr with Py3 (no u prefix)
+
+
+    for i in range(10**11)[:10]:
+        pass
+
+and::
+
+    class VerboseList(list):
+        def append(self, item):
+            print('Adding an item')
+            super().append(item)        # new simpler super() function
+
+For more information:
+---------------------
+
+- future.types.newbytes
+- future.types.newdict
+- future.types.newint
+- future.types.newobject
+- future.types.newrange
+- future.types.newstr
+
+
+Notes
+=====
+
+range()
+-------
+``range`` is a custom class that backports the slicing behaviour from
+Python 3 (based on the ``xrange`` module by Dan Crosta). See the
+``newrange`` module docstring for more details.
+
+
+super()
+-------
+``super()`` is based on Ryan Kelly's ``magicsuper`` module. See the
+``newsuper`` module docstring for more details.
+
+
+round()
+-------
+Python 3 modifies the behaviour of ``round()`` to use "Banker's Rounding".
+See http://stackoverflow.com/a/10825998. See the ``newround`` module
+docstring for more details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import functools
+from numbers import Integral
+
+from future import utils
+
+
+# Some utility functions to enforce strict type-separation of unicode str and
+# bytes:
+def disallow_types(argnums, disallowed_types):
+    """
+    A decorator that raises a TypeError if any of the given numbered
+    arguments is of the corresponding given type (e.g. bytes or unicode
+    string).
+
+    For example:
+
+        @disallow_types([0, 1], [unicode, bytes])
+        def f(a, b):
+            pass
+
+    raises a TypeError when f is called if a unicode object is passed as
+    `a` or a bytes object is passed as `b`.
+
+    This also skips over keyword arguments, so
+
+        @disallow_types([0, 1], [unicode, bytes])
+        def g(a, b=None):
+            pass
+
+    doesn't raise an exception if g is called with only one argument a,
+    e.g.:
+
+        g(b'Byte string')
+
+    Example use:
+
+    >>> class newbytes(object):
+    ...     @disallow_types([1], [unicode])
+    ...     def __add__(self, other):
+    ...          pass
+
+    >>> newbytes('1234') + u'1234'      #doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    TypeError: can't concat 'bytes' to (unicode) str
+    """
+
+    def decorator(function):
+
+        @functools.wraps(function)
+        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+            # These imports are just for this decorator, and are defined here
+            # to prevent circular imports:
+            from .newbytes import newbytes
+            from .newint import newint
+            from .newstr import newstr
+
+            errmsg = "argument can't be {0}"
+            for (argnum, mytype) in zip(argnums, disallowed_types):
+                # Handle the case where the type is passed as a string like 'newbytes'.
+                if isinstance(mytype, str) or isinstance(mytype, bytes):
+                    mytype = locals()[mytype]
+
+                # Only restrict kw args only if they are passed:
+                if len(args) <= argnum:
+                    break
+
+                # Here we use type() rather than isinstance() because
+                # __instancecheck__ is being overridden. E.g.
+                # isinstance(b'abc', newbytes) is True on Py2.
+                if type(args[argnum]) == mytype:
+                    raise TypeError(errmsg.format(mytype))
+
+            return function(*args, **kwargs)
+        return wrapper
+    return decorator
+
+
+def no(mytype, argnums=(1,)):
+    """
+    A shortcut for the disallow_types decorator that disallows only one type
+    (in any position in argnums).
+
+    Example use:
+
+    >>> class newstr(object):
+    ...     @no('bytes')
+    ...     def __add__(self, other):
+    ...          pass
+
+    >>> newstr(u'1234') + b'1234'     #doctest: +IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+    TypeError: argument can't be bytes
+
+    The object can also be passed directly, but passing the string helps
+    to prevent circular import problems.
+    """
+    if isinstance(argnums, Integral):
+        argnums = (argnums,)
+    disallowed_types = [mytype] * len(argnums)
+    return disallow_types(argnums, disallowed_types)
+
+
+def issubset(list1, list2):
+    """
+    Examples:
+
+    >>> issubset([], [65, 66, 67])
+    True
+    >>> issubset([65], [65, 66, 67])
+    True
+    >>> issubset([65, 66], [65, 66, 67])
+    True
+    >>> issubset([65, 67], [65, 66, 67])
+    False
+    """
+    n = len(list1)
+    for startpos in range(len(list2) - n + 1):
+        if list2[startpos:startpos+n] == list1:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+if utils.PY3:
+    import builtins
+    bytes = builtins.bytes
+    dict = builtins.dict
+    int = builtins.int
+    list = builtins.list
+    object = builtins.object
+    range = builtins.range
+    str = builtins.str
+
+    # The identity mapping
+    newtypes = {bytes: bytes,
+                dict: dict,
+                int: int,
+                list: list,
+                object: object,
+                range: range,
+                str: str}
+
+    __all__ = ['newtypes']
+
+else:
+
+    from .newbytes import newbytes
+    from .newdict import newdict
+    from .newint import newint
+    from .newlist import newlist
+    from .newrange import newrange
+    from .newobject import newobject
+    from .newstr import newstr
+
+    newtypes = {bytes: newbytes,
+                dict: newdict,
+                int: newint,
+                long: newint,
+                list: newlist,
+                object: newobject,
+                range: newrange,
+                str: newbytes,
+                unicode: newstr}
+
+    __all__ = ['newbytes', 'newdict', 'newint', 'newlist', 'newrange', 'newstr', 'newtypes']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newbytes.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newbytes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9d584a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newbytes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+"""
+Pure-Python implementation of a Python 3-like bytes object for Python 2.
+
+Why do this? Without it, the Python 2 bytes object is a very, very
+different beast to the Python 3 bytes object.
+"""
+
+from numbers import Integral
+import string
+import copy
+
+from future.utils import istext, isbytes, PY2, PY3, with_metaclass
+from future.types import no, issubset
+from future.types.newobject import newobject
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Iterable
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+
+_builtin_bytes = bytes
+
+if PY3:
+    # We'll probably never use newstr on Py3 anyway...
+    unicode = str
+
+
+class BaseNewBytes(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        if cls == newbytes:
+            return isinstance(instance, _builtin_bytes)
+        else:
+            return issubclass(instance.__class__, cls)
+
+
+def _newchr(x):
+    if isinstance(x, str):  # this happens on pypy
+        return x.encode('ascii')
+    else:
+        return chr(x)
+
+
+class newbytes(with_metaclass(BaseNewBytes, _builtin_bytes)):
+    """
+    A backport of the Python 3 bytes object to Py2
+    """
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        From the Py3 bytes docstring:
+
+        bytes(iterable_of_ints) -> bytes
+        bytes(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytes
+        bytes(bytes_or_buffer) -> immutable copy of bytes_or_buffer
+        bytes(int) -> bytes object of size given by the parameter initialized with null bytes
+        bytes() -> empty bytes object
+
+        Construct an immutable array of bytes from:
+          - an iterable yielding integers in range(256)
+          - a text string encoded using the specified encoding
+          - any object implementing the buffer API.
+          - an integer
+        """
+
+        encoding = None
+        errors = None
+
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            return super(newbytes, cls).__new__(cls)
+        elif len(args) >= 2:
+            args = list(args)
+            if len(args) == 3:
+                errors = args.pop()
+            encoding=args.pop()
+        # Was: elif isinstance(args[0], newbytes):
+        # We use type() instead of the above because we're redefining
+        # this to be True for all unicode string subclasses. Warning:
+        # This may render newstr un-subclassable.
+        if type(args[0]) == newbytes:
+            # Special-case: for consistency with Py3.3, we return the same object
+            # (with the same id) if a newbytes object is passed into the
+            # newbytes constructor.
+            return args[0]
+        elif isinstance(args[0], _builtin_bytes):
+            value = args[0]
+        elif isinstance(args[0], unicode):
+            try:
+                if 'encoding' in kwargs:
+                    assert encoding is None
+                    encoding = kwargs['encoding']
+                if 'errors' in kwargs:
+                    assert errors is None
+                    errors = kwargs['errors']
+            except AssertionError:
+                raise TypeError('Argument given by name and position')
+            if encoding is None:
+                raise TypeError('unicode string argument without an encoding')
+            ###
+            # Was:   value = args[0].encode(**kwargs)
+            # Python 2.6 string encode() method doesn't take kwargs:
+            # Use this instead:
+            newargs = [encoding]
+            if errors is not None:
+                newargs.append(errors)
+            value = args[0].encode(*newargs)
+            ###
+        elif hasattr(args[0], '__bytes__'):
+            value = args[0].__bytes__()
+        elif isinstance(args[0], Iterable):
+            if len(args[0]) == 0:
+                # This could be an empty list or tuple. Return b'' as on Py3.
+                value = b''
+            else:
+                # Was: elif len(args[0])>0 and isinstance(args[0][0], Integral):
+                #      # It's a list of integers
+                # But then we can't index into e.g. frozensets. Try to proceed
+                # anyway.
+                try:
+                    value = bytearray([_newchr(x) for x in args[0]])
+                except:
+                    raise ValueError('bytes must be in range(0, 256)')
+        elif isinstance(args[0], Integral):
+            if args[0] < 0:
+                raise ValueError('negative count')
+            value = b'\x00' * args[0]
+        else:
+            value = args[0]
+        if type(value) == newbytes:
+            # Above we use type(...) rather than isinstance(...) because the
+            # newbytes metaclass overrides __instancecheck__.
+            # oldbytes(value) gives the wrong thing on Py2: the same
+            # result as str(value) on Py3, e.g. "b'abc'". (Issue #193).
+            # So we handle this case separately:
+            return copy.copy(value)
+        else:
+            return super(newbytes, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'b' + super(newbytes, self).__repr__()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'b' + "'{0}'".format(super(newbytes, self).__str__())
+
+    def __getitem__(self, y):
+        value = super(newbytes, self).__getitem__(y)
+        if isinstance(y, Integral):
+            return ord(value)
+        else:
+            return newbytes(value)
+
+    def __getslice__(self, *args):
+        return self.__getitem__(slice(*args))
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        if isinstance(key, int):
+            newbyteskey = newbytes([key])
+        # Don't use isinstance() here because we only want to catch
+        # newbytes, not Python 2 str:
+        elif type(key) == newbytes:
+            newbyteskey = key
+        else:
+            newbyteskey = newbytes(key)
+        return issubset(list(newbyteskey), list(self))
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).__add__(other))
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def __radd__(self, left):
+        return newbytes(left) + self
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).__mul__(other))
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).__rmul__(other))
+
+    def __mod__(self, vals):
+        if isinstance(vals, newbytes):
+            vals = _builtin_bytes.__str__(vals)
+
+        elif isinstance(vals, tuple):
+            newvals = []
+            for v in vals:
+                if isinstance(v, newbytes):
+                    v = _builtin_bytes.__str__(v)
+                newvals.append(v)
+            vals = tuple(newvals)
+
+        elif (hasattr(vals.__class__, '__getitem__') and
+                hasattr(vals.__class__, 'iteritems')):
+            for k, v in vals.iteritems():
+                if isinstance(v, newbytes):
+                    vals[k] = _builtin_bytes.__str__(v)
+
+        return _builtin_bytes.__mod__(self, vals)
+
+    def __imod__(self, other):
+        return self.__mod__(other)
+
+    def join(self, iterable_of_bytes):
+        errmsg = 'sequence item {0}: expected bytes, {1} found'
+        if isbytes(iterable_of_bytes) or istext(iterable_of_bytes):
+            raise TypeError(errmsg.format(0, type(iterable_of_bytes)))
+        for i, item in enumerate(iterable_of_bytes):
+            if istext(item):
+                raise TypeError(errmsg.format(i, type(item)))
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).join(iterable_of_bytes))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromhex(cls, string):
+        # Only on Py2:
+        return cls(string.replace(' ', '').decode('hex'))
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def find(self, sub, *args):
+        return super(newbytes, self).find(sub, *args)
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def rfind(self, sub, *args):
+        return super(newbytes, self).rfind(sub, *args)
+
+    @no(unicode, (1, 2))
+    def replace(self, old, new, *args):
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).replace(old, new, *args))
+
+    def encode(self, *args):
+        raise AttributeError("encode method has been disabled in newbytes")
+
+    def decode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+        """
+        Returns a newstr (i.e. unicode subclass)
+
+        Decode B using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
+        is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
+        handling scheme.  Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
+        a UnicodeDecodeError.  Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
+        as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
+        able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
+        """
+        # Py2 str.encode() takes encoding and errors as optional parameter,
+        # not keyword arguments as in Python 3 str.
+
+        from future.types.newstr import newstr
+
+        if errors == 'surrogateescape':
+            from future.utils.surrogateescape import register_surrogateescape
+            register_surrogateescape()
+
+        return newstr(super(newbytes, self).decode(encoding, errors))
+
+        # This is currently broken:
+        # # We implement surrogateescape error handling here in addition rather
+        # # than relying on the custom error handler from
+        # # future.utils.surrogateescape to be registered globally, even though
+        # # that is fine in the case of decoding. (But not encoding: see the
+        # # comments in newstr.encode()``.)
+        #
+        # if errors == 'surrogateescape':
+        #     # Decode char by char
+        #     mybytes = []
+        #     for code in self:
+        #         # Code is an int
+        #         if 0x80 <= code <= 0xFF:
+        #             b = 0xDC00 + code
+        #         elif code <= 0x7F:
+        #             b = _unichr(c).decode(encoding=encoding)
+        #         else:
+        #             # # It may be a bad byte
+        #             # FIXME: What to do in this case? See the Py3 docs / tests.
+        #             # # Try swallowing it.
+        #             # continue
+        #             # print("RAISE!")
+        #             raise NotASurrogateError
+        #         mybytes.append(b)
+        #     return newbytes(mybytes)
+        # return newbytes(super(newstr, self).decode(encoding, errors))
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def startswith(self, prefix, *args):
+        return super(newbytes, self).startswith(prefix, *args)
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def endswith(self, prefix, *args):
+        return super(newbytes, self).endswith(prefix, *args)
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1):
+        # Py2 str.split() takes maxsplit as an optional parameter, not as a
+        # keyword argument as in Python 3 bytes.
+        parts = super(newbytes, self).split(sep, maxsplit)
+        return [newbytes(part) for part in parts]
+
+    def splitlines(self, keepends=False):
+        """
+        B.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of lines
+
+        Return a list of the lines in B, breaking at line boundaries.
+        Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
+        is given and true.
+        """
+        # Py2 str.splitlines() takes keepends as an optional parameter,
+        # not as a keyword argument as in Python 3 bytes.
+        parts = super(newbytes, self).splitlines(keepends)
+        return [newbytes(part) for part in parts]
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1):
+        # Py2 str.rsplit() takes maxsplit as an optional parameter, not as a
+        # keyword argument as in Python 3 bytes.
+        parts = super(newbytes, self).rsplit(sep, maxsplit)
+        return [newbytes(part) for part in parts]
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def partition(self, sep):
+        parts = super(newbytes, self).partition(sep)
+        return tuple(newbytes(part) for part in parts)
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def rpartition(self, sep):
+        parts = super(newbytes, self).rpartition(sep)
+        return tuple(newbytes(part) for part in parts)
+
+    @no(unicode, (1,))
+    def rindex(self, sub, *args):
+        '''
+        S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
+
+        Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
+        '''
+        pos = self.rfind(sub, *args)
+        if pos == -1:
+            raise ValueError('substring not found')
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def index(self, sub, *args):
+        '''
+        Returns index of sub in bytes.
+        Raises ValueError if byte is not in bytes and TypeError if can't
+        be converted bytes or its length is not 1.
+        '''
+        if isinstance(sub, int):
+            if len(args) == 0:
+                start, end = 0, len(self)
+            elif len(args) == 1:
+                start = args[0]
+            elif len(args) == 2:
+                start, end = args
+            else:
+                raise TypeError('takes at most 3 arguments')
+            return list(self)[start:end].index(sub)
+        if not isinstance(sub, bytes):
+            try:
+                sub = self.__class__(sub)
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                raise TypeError("can't convert sub to bytes")
+        try:
+            return super(newbytes, self).index(sub, *args)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError('substring not found')
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, (_builtin_bytes, bytearray)):
+            return super(newbytes, self).__eq__(other)
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, _builtin_bytes):
+            return super(newbytes, self).__ne__(other)
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    unorderable_err = 'unorderable types: bytes() and {0}'
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, _builtin_bytes):
+            return super(newbytes, self).__lt__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, _builtin_bytes):
+            return super(newbytes, self).__le__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, _builtin_bytes):
+            return super(newbytes, self).__gt__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, _builtin_bytes):
+            return super(newbytes, self).__ge__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        # We can't just feed a newbytes object into str(), because
+        # newbytes.__str__() returns e.g. "b'blah'", consistent with Py3 bytes.
+        return super(newbytes, self).__str__()
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, name):
+        """
+        A trick to cause the ``hasattr`` builtin-fn to return False for
+        the 'encode' method on Py2.
+        """
+        if name in ['encode', u'encode']:
+            raise AttributeError("encode method has been disabled in newbytes")
+        return super(newbytes, self).__getattribute__(name)
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def rstrip(self, bytes_to_strip=None):
+        """
+        Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument.
+        If the argument is omitted, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.
+        """
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).rstrip(bytes_to_strip))
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def strip(self, bytes_to_strip=None):
+        """
+        Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument.
+        If the argument is omitted, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.
+        """
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).strip(bytes_to_strip))
+
+    def lower(self):
+        """
+        b.lower() -> copy of b
+
+        Return a copy of b with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.
+        """
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).lower())
+
+    @no(unicode)
+    def upper(self):
+        """
+        b.upper() -> copy of b
+
+        Return a copy of b with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase.
+        """
+        return newbytes(super(newbytes, self).upper())
+
+    @classmethod
+    @no(unicode)
+    def maketrans(cls, frm, to):
+        """
+        B.maketrans(frm, to) -> translation table
+
+        Return a translation table (a bytes object of length 256) suitable
+        for use in the bytes or bytearray translate method where each byte
+        in frm is mapped to the byte at the same position in to.
+        The bytes objects frm and to must be of the same length.
+        """
+        return newbytes(string.maketrans(frm, to))
+
+
+__all__ = ['newbytes']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newdict.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newdict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f3a559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newdict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+"""
+A dict subclass for Python 2 that behaves like Python 3's dict
+
+Example use:
+
+>>> from builtins import dict
+>>> d1 = dict()    # instead of {} for an empty dict
+>>> d2 = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+
+The keys, values and items methods now return iterators on Python 2.x
+(with set-like behaviour on Python 2.7).
+
+>>> for d in (d1, d2):
+...     assert not isinstance(d.keys(), list)
+...     assert not isinstance(d.values(), list)
+...     assert not isinstance(d.items(), list)
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from future.utils import with_metaclass
+from future.types.newobject import newobject
+
+
+_builtin_dict = dict
+ver = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+
+class BaseNewDict(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        if cls == newdict:
+            return isinstance(instance, _builtin_dict)
+        else:
+            return issubclass(instance.__class__, cls)
+
+
+class newdict(with_metaclass(BaseNewDict, _builtin_dict)):
+    """
+    A backport of the Python 3 dict object to Py2
+    """
+    def items(self):
+        """
+        On Python 2.7+:
+            D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items
+        On Python 2.6:
+            D.items() -> an iterator over D's items
+        """
+        if ver == (2, 7):
+            return self.viewitems()
+        elif ver == (2, 6):
+            return self.iteritems()
+        elif ver >= (3, 0):
+            return self.items()
+
+    def keys(self):
+        """
+        On Python 2.7+:
+            D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys
+        On Python 2.6:
+            D.keys() -> an iterator over D's keys
+        """
+        if ver == (2, 7):
+            return self.viewkeys()
+        elif ver == (2, 6):
+            return self.iterkeys()
+        elif ver >= (3, 0):
+            return self.keys()
+
+    def values(self):
+        """
+        On Python 2.7+:
+            D.values() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's values
+        On Python 2.6:
+            D.values() -> an iterator over D's values
+        """
+        if ver == (2, 7):
+            return self.viewvalues()
+        elif ver == (2, 6):
+            return self.itervalues()
+        elif ver >= (3, 0):
+            return self.values()
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        dict() -> new empty dictionary
+        dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
+            (key, value) pairs
+        dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
+            d = {}
+            for k, v in iterable:
+                d[k] = v
+        dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
+            in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
+        """
+
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            return super(newdict, cls).__new__(cls)
+        elif type(args[0]) == newdict:
+            value = args[0]
+        else:
+            value = args[0]
+        return super(newdict, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        """
+        Hook for the future.utils.native() function
+        """
+        return dict(self)
+
+
+__all__ = ['newdict']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newint.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newint.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..748dba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+"""
+Backport of Python 3's int, based on Py2's long.
+
+They are very similar. The most notable difference is:
+
+- representation: trailing L in Python 2 removed in Python 3
+"""
+from __future__ import division
+
+import struct
+
+from future.types.newbytes import newbytes
+from future.types.newobject import newobject
+from future.utils import PY3, isint, istext, isbytes, with_metaclass, native
+
+
+if PY3:
+    long = int
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+else:
+    from collections import Iterable
+
+
+class BaseNewInt(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        if cls == newint:
+            # Special case for Py2 short or long int
+            return isinstance(instance, (int, long))
+        else:
+            return issubclass(instance.__class__, cls)
+
+
+class newint(with_metaclass(BaseNewInt, long)):
+    """
+    A backport of the Python 3 int object to Py2
+    """
+    def __new__(cls, x=0, base=10):
+        """
+        From the Py3 int docstring:
+
+        |  int(x=0) -> integer
+        |  int(x, base=10) -> integer
+        |
+        |  Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no
+        |  arguments are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For
+        |  floating point numbers, this truncates towards zero.
+        |
+        |  If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
+        |  bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
+        |  given base.  The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be
+        |  surrounded by whitespace.  The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are
+        |  0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an
+        |  integer literal.
+        |  >>> int('0b100', base=0)
+        |  4
+
+        """
+        try:
+            val = x.__int__()
+        except AttributeError:
+            val = x
+        else:
+            if not isint(val):
+                raise TypeError('__int__ returned non-int ({0})'.format(
+                    type(val)))
+
+        if base != 10:
+            # Explicit base
+            if not (istext(val) or isbytes(val) or isinstance(val, bytearray)):
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "int() can't convert non-string with explicit base")
+            try:
+                return super(newint, cls).__new__(cls, val, base)
+            except TypeError:
+                return super(newint, cls).__new__(cls, newbytes(val), base)
+        # After here, base is 10
+        try:
+            return super(newint, cls).__new__(cls, val)
+        except TypeError:
+            # Py2 long doesn't handle bytearray input with an explicit base, so
+            # handle this here.
+            # Py3: int(bytearray(b'10'), 2) == 2
+            # Py2: int(bytearray(b'10'), 2) == 2 raises TypeError
+            # Py2: long(bytearray(b'10'), 2) == 2 raises TypeError
+            try:
+                return super(newint, cls).__new__(cls, newbytes(val))
+            except:
+                raise TypeError("newint argument must be a string or a number,"
+                                "not '{0}'".format(type(val)))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Without the L suffix
+        """
+        value = super(newint, self).__repr__()
+        assert value[-1] == 'L'
+        return value[:-1]
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__add__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return long(self) + other
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__radd__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return other + long(self)
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__sub__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return long(self) - other
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__rsub__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return other - long(self)
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__mul__(other)
+        if isint(value):
+            return newint(value)
+        elif value is NotImplemented:
+            return long(self) * other
+        return value
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__rmul__(other)
+        if isint(value):
+            return newint(value)
+        elif value is NotImplemented:
+            return other * long(self)
+        return value
+
+    def __div__(self, other):
+        # We override this rather than e.g. relying on object.__div__ or
+        # long.__div__ because we want to wrap the value in a newint()
+        # call if other is another int
+        value = long(self) / other
+        if isinstance(other, (int, long)):
+            return newint(value)
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    def __rdiv__(self, other):
+        value = other / long(self)
+        if isinstance(other, (int, long)):
+            return newint(value)
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    def __idiv__(self, other):
+        # long has no __idiv__ method. Use __itruediv__ and cast back to
+        # newint:
+        value = self.__itruediv__(other)
+        if isinstance(other, (int, long)):
+            return newint(value)
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__truediv__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            value = long(self) / other
+        return value
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other):
+        return super(newint, self).__rtruediv__(other)
+
+    def __itruediv__(self, other):
+        # long has no __itruediv__ method
+        mylong = long(self)
+        mylong /= other
+        return mylong
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other):
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__floordiv__(other))
+
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__rfloordiv__(other))
+
+    def __ifloordiv__(self, other):
+        # long has no __ifloordiv__ method
+        mylong = long(self)
+        mylong //= other
+        return newint(mylong)
+
+    def __mod__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__mod__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return long(self) % other
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __rmod__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__rmod__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return other % long(self)
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __divmod__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__divmod__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            mylong = long(self)
+            return (mylong // other, mylong % other)
+        return (newint(value[0]), newint(value[1]))
+
+    def __rdivmod__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__rdivmod__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            mylong = long(self)
+            return (other // mylong, other % mylong)
+        return (newint(value[0]), newint(value[1]))
+
+    def __pow__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__pow__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return long(self) ** other
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other):
+        value = super(newint, self).__rpow__(other)
+        if value is NotImplemented:
+            return other ** long(self)
+        return newint(value)
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other):
+        if not isint(other):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported operand type(s) for <<: '%s' and '%s'" %
+                (type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__))
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__lshift__(other))
+
+    def __rshift__(self, other):
+        if not isint(other):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported operand type(s) for >>: '%s' and '%s'" %
+                (type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__))
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__rshift__(other))
+
+    def __and__(self, other):
+        if not isint(other):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported operand type(s) for &: '%s' and '%s'" %
+                (type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__))
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__and__(other))
+
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        if not isint(other):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported operand type(s) for |: '%s' and '%s'" %
+                (type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__))
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__or__(other))
+
+    def __xor__(self, other):
+        if not isint(other):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "unsupported operand type(s) for ^: '%s' and '%s'" %
+                (type(self).__name__, type(other).__name__))
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__xor__(other))
+
+    def __neg__(self):
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__neg__())
+
+    def __pos__(self):
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__pos__())
+
+    def __abs__(self):
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__abs__())
+
+    def __invert__(self):
+        return newint(super(newint, self).__invert__())
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return self.__bool__()
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        """
+        So subclasses can override this, Py3-style
+        """
+        return super(newint, self).__nonzero__()
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        return long(self)
+
+    def to_bytes(self, length, byteorder='big', signed=False):
+        """
+        Return an array of bytes representing an integer.
+
+        The integer is represented using length bytes.  An OverflowError is
+        raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of
+        bytes.
+
+        The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
+        integer.  If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
+        beginning of the byte array.  If byteorder is 'little', the most
+        significant byte is at the end of the byte array.  To request the native
+        byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value.
+
+        The signed keyword-only argument determines whether two's complement is
+        used to represent the integer.  If signed is False and a negative integer
+        is given, an OverflowError is raised.
+        """
+        if length < 0:
+            raise ValueError("length argument must be non-negative")
+        if length == 0 and self == 0:
+            return newbytes()
+        if signed and self < 0:
+            bits = length * 8
+            num = (2**bits) + self
+            if num <= 0:
+                raise OverflowError("int too smal to convert")
+        else:
+            if self < 0:
+                raise OverflowError("can't convert negative int to unsigned")
+            num = self
+        if byteorder not in ('little', 'big'):
+            raise ValueError("byteorder must be either 'little' or 'big'")
+        h = b'%x' % num
+        s = newbytes((b'0'*(len(h) % 2) + h).zfill(length*2).decode('hex'))
+        if signed:
+            high_set = s[0] & 0x80
+            if self > 0 and high_set:
+                raise OverflowError("int too big to convert")
+            if self < 0 and not high_set:
+                raise OverflowError("int too small to convert")
+        if len(s) > length:
+            raise OverflowError("int too big to convert")
+        return s if byteorder == 'big' else s[::-1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, mybytes, byteorder='big', signed=False):
+        """
+        Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.
+
+        The mybytes argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an
+        iterable object producing bytes.  Bytes and bytearray are examples of
+        built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.
+
+        The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
+        integer.  If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
+        beginning of the byte array.  If byteorder is 'little', the most
+        significant byte is at the end of the byte array.  To request the native
+        byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value.
+
+        The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether two's complement is
+        used to represent the integer.
+        """
+        if byteorder not in ('little', 'big'):
+            raise ValueError("byteorder must be either 'little' or 'big'")
+        if isinstance(mybytes, unicode):
+            raise TypeError("cannot convert unicode objects to bytes")
+        # mybytes can also be passed as a sequence of integers on Py3.
+        # Test for this:
+        elif isinstance(mybytes, Iterable):
+            mybytes = newbytes(mybytes)
+        b = mybytes if byteorder == 'big' else mybytes[::-1]
+        if len(b) == 0:
+            b = b'\x00'
+        # The encode() method has been disabled by newbytes, but Py2's
+        # str has it:
+        num = int(native(b).encode('hex'), 16)
+        if signed and (b[0] & 0x80):
+            num = num - (2 ** (len(b)*8))
+        return cls(num)
+
+
+# def _twos_comp(val, bits):
+#     """compute the 2's compliment of int value val"""
+#     if( (val&(1<<(bits-1))) != 0 ):
+#         val = val - (1<<bits)
+#     return val
+
+
+__all__ = ['newint']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newlist.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newlist.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74d8f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newlist.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+"""
+A list subclass for Python 2 that behaves like Python 3's list.
+
+The primary difference is that lists have a .copy() method in Py3.
+
+Example use:
+
+>>> from builtins import list
+>>> l1 = list()    # instead of {} for an empty list
+>>> l1.append('hello')
+>>> l2 = l1.copy()
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import copy
+
+from future.utils import with_metaclass
+from future.types.newobject import newobject
+
+
+_builtin_list = list
+ver = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+
+class BaseNewList(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        if cls == newlist:
+            return isinstance(instance, _builtin_list)
+        else:
+            return issubclass(instance.__class__, cls)
+
+
+class newlist(with_metaclass(BaseNewList, _builtin_list)):
+    """
+    A backport of the Python 3 list object to Py2
+    """
+    def copy(self):
+        """
+        L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L
+        """
+        return copy.copy(self)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L"""
+        for i in range(len(self)):
+            self.pop()
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        list() -> new empty list
+        list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
+        """
+
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            return super(newlist, cls).__new__(cls)
+        elif type(args[0]) == newlist:
+            value = args[0]
+        else:
+            value = args[0]
+        return super(newlist, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __add__(self, value):
+        return newlist(super(newlist, self).__add__(value))
+
+    def __radd__(self, left):
+        " left + self "
+        try:
+            return newlist(left) + self
+        except:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __getitem__(self, y):
+        """
+        x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
+
+        Warning: a bug in Python 2.x prevents indexing via a slice from
+        returning a newlist object.
+        """
+        if isinstance(y, slice):
+            return newlist(super(newlist, self).__getitem__(y))
+        else:
+            return super(newlist, self).__getitem__(y)
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        """
+        Hook for the future.utils.native() function
+        """
+        return list(self)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return len(self) > 0
+
+
+__all__ = ['newlist']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newmemoryview.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newmemoryview.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09f804d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newmemoryview.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""
+A pretty lame implementation of a memoryview object for Python 2.6.
+"""
+from numbers import Integral
+import string
+
+from future.utils import istext, isbytes, PY2, with_metaclass
+from future.types import no, issubset
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Iterable
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+# class BaseNewBytes(type):
+#     def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+#         return isinstance(instance, _builtin_bytes)
+
+
+class newmemoryview(object):   # with_metaclass(BaseNewBytes, _builtin_bytes)):
+    """
+    A pretty lame backport of the Python 2.7 and Python 3.x
+    memoryviewview object to Py2.6.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, obj):
+        return obj
+
+
+__all__ = ['newmemoryview']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newobject.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newobject.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31b84fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newobject.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""
+An object subclass for Python 2 that gives new-style classes written in the
+style of Python 3 (with ``__next__`` and unicode-returning ``__str__`` methods)
+the appropriate Python 2-style ``next`` and ``__unicode__`` methods for compatible.
+
+Example use::
+
+    from builtins import object
+
+    my_unicode_str = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+
+    class A(object):
+        def __str__(self):
+            return my_unicode_str
+
+    a = A()
+    print(str(a))
+
+    # On Python 2, these relations hold:
+    assert unicode(a) == my_unicode_string
+    assert str(a) == my_unicode_string.encode('utf-8')
+
+
+Another example::
+
+    from builtins import object
+
+    class Upper(object):
+        def __init__(self, iterable):
+            self._iter = iter(iterable)
+        def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+            return next(self._iter).upper()
+        def __iter__(self):
+            return self
+
+    assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')
+
+"""
+
+
+class newobject(object):
+    """
+    A magical object class that provides Python 2 compatibility methods::
+        next
+        __unicode__
+        __nonzero__
+
+    Subclasses of this class can merely define the Python 3 methods (__next__,
+    __str__, and __bool__).
+    """
+    def next(self):
+        if hasattr(self, '__next__'):
+            return type(self).__next__(self)
+        raise TypeError('newobject is not an iterator')
+
+    def __unicode__(self):
+        # All subclasses of the builtin object should have __str__ defined.
+        # Note that old-style classes do not have __str__ defined.
+        if hasattr(self, '__str__'):
+            s = type(self).__str__(self)
+        else:
+            s = str(self)
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            return s
+        else:
+            return s.decode('utf-8')
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, '__bool__'):
+            return type(self).__bool__(self)
+        if hasattr(self, '__len__'):
+            return type(self).__len__(self)
+        # object has no __nonzero__ method
+        return True
+
+    # Are these ever needed?
+    # def __div__(self):
+    #     return self.__truediv__()
+
+    # def __idiv__(self, other):
+    #     return self.__itruediv__(other)
+
+    def __long__(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, '__int__'):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.__int__()  # not type(self).__int__(self)
+
+    # def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+    #     """
+    #     dict() -> new empty dictionary
+    #     dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
+    #         (key, value) pairs
+    #     dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
+    #         d = {}
+    #         for k, v in iterable:
+    #             d[k] = v
+    #     dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
+    #         in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
+    #     """
+
+    #     if len(args) == 0:
+    #         return super(newdict, cls).__new__(cls)
+    #     elif type(args[0]) == newdict:
+    #         return args[0]
+    #     else:
+    #         value = args[0]
+    #     return super(newdict, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        """
+        Hook for the future.utils.native() function
+        """
+        return object(self)
+
+    __slots__ = []
+
+__all__ = ['newobject']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newopen.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newopen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b75d45a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newopen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""
+A substitute for the Python 3 open() function.
+
+Note that io.open() is more complete but maybe slower. Even so, the
+completeness may be a better default. TODO: compare these
+"""
+
+_builtin_open = open
+
+class newopen(object):
+    """Wrapper providing key part of Python 3 open() interface.
+
+    From IPython's py3compat.py module. License: BSD.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, fname, mode="r", encoding="utf-8"):
+        self.f = _builtin_open(fname, mode)
+        self.enc = encoding
+
+    def write(self, s):
+        return self.f.write(s.encode(self.enc))
+
+    def read(self, size=-1):
+        return self.f.read(size).decode(self.enc)
+
+    def close(self):
+        return self.f.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
+        self.f.close()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newrange.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newrange.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eda01a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newrange.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""
+Nearly identical to xrange.py, by Dan Crosta, from
+
+    https://github.com/dcrosta/xrange.git
+
+This is included here in the ``future`` package rather than pointed to as
+a dependency because there is no package for ``xrange`` on PyPI. It is
+also tweaked to appear like a regular Python 3 ``range`` object rather
+than a Python 2 xrange.
+
+From Dan Crosta's README:
+
+    "A pure-Python implementation of Python 2.7's xrange built-in, with
+    some features backported from the Python 3.x range built-in (which
+    replaced xrange) in that version."
+
+    Read more at
+        https://late.am/post/2012/06/18/what-the-heck-is-an-xrange
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Sequence, Iterator
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Sequence, Iterator
+from itertools import islice
+
+from future.backports.misc import count   # with step parameter on Py2.6
+# For backward compatibility with python-future versions < 0.14.4:
+_count = count
+
+
+class newrange(Sequence):
+    """
+    Pure-Python backport of Python 3's range object.  See `the CPython
+    documentation for details:
+    <http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/functions.html#range>`_
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            start, stop, step = 0, args[0], 1
+        elif len(args) == 2:
+            start, stop, step = args[0], args[1], 1
+        elif len(args) == 3:
+            start, stop, step = args
+        else:
+            raise TypeError('range() requires 1-3 int arguments')
+
+        try:
+            start, stop, step = int(start), int(stop), int(step)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise TypeError('an integer is required')
+
+        if step == 0:
+            raise ValueError('range() arg 3 must not be zero')
+        elif step < 0:
+            stop = min(stop, start)
+        else:
+            stop = max(stop, start)
+
+        self._start = start
+        self._stop = stop
+        self._step = step
+        self._len = (stop - start) // step + bool((stop - start) % step)
+
+    @property
+    def start(self):
+        return self._start
+
+    @property
+    def stop(self):
+        return self._stop
+
+    @property
+    def step(self):
+        return self._step
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        if self._step == 1:
+            return 'range(%d, %d)' % (self._start, self._stop)
+        return 'range(%d, %d, %d)' % (self._start, self._stop, self._step)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (isinstance(other, newrange) and
+                (self._len == 0 == other._len or
+                 (self._start, self._step, self._len) ==
+                 (other._start, other._step, self._len)))
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return self._len
+
+    def index(self, value):
+        """Return the 0-based position of integer `value` in
+        the sequence this range represents."""
+        try:
+            diff = value - self._start
+        except TypeError:
+            raise ValueError('%r is not in range' % value)
+        quotient, remainder = divmod(diff, self._step)
+        if remainder == 0 and 0 <= quotient < self._len:
+            return abs(quotient)
+        raise ValueError('%r is not in range' % value)
+
+    def count(self, value):
+        """Return the number of ocurrences of integer `value`
+        in the sequence this range represents."""
+        # a value can occur exactly zero or one times
+        return int(value in self)
+
+    def __contains__(self, value):
+        """Return ``True`` if the integer `value` occurs in
+        the sequence this range represents."""
+        try:
+            self.index(value)
+            return True
+        except ValueError:
+            return False
+
+    def __reversed__(self):
+        return iter(self[::-1])
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        """Return the element at position ``index`` in the sequence
+        this range represents, or raise :class:`IndexError` if the
+        position is out of range."""
+        if isinstance(index, slice):
+            return self.__getitem_slice(index)
+        if index < 0:
+            # negative indexes access from the end
+            index = self._len + index
+        if index < 0 or index >= self._len:
+            raise IndexError('range object index out of range')
+        return self._start + index * self._step
+
+    def __getitem_slice(self, slce):
+        """Return a range which represents the requested slce
+        of the sequence represented by this range.
+        """
+        scaled_indices = (self._step * n for n in slce.indices(self._len))
+        start_offset, stop_offset, new_step = scaled_indices
+        return newrange(self._start + start_offset,
+                        self._start + stop_offset,
+                        new_step)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Return an iterator which enumerates the elements of the
+        sequence this range represents."""
+        return range_iterator(self)
+
+
+class range_iterator(Iterator):
+    """An iterator for a :class:`range`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, range_):
+        self._stepper = islice(count(range_.start, range_.step), len(range_))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        return next(self._stepper)
+
+    def next(self):
+        return next(self._stepper)
+
+
+__all__ = ['newrange']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newstr.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newstr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ca191f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/types/newstr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+"""
+This module redefines ``str`` on Python 2.x to be a subclass of the Py2
+``unicode`` type that behaves like the Python 3.x ``str``.
+
+The main differences between ``newstr`` and Python 2.x's ``unicode`` type are
+the stricter type-checking and absence of a `u''` prefix in the representation.
+
+It is designed to be used together with the ``unicode_literals`` import
+as follows:
+
+    >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals
+    >>> from builtins import str, isinstance
+
+On Python 3.x and normally on Python 2.x, these expressions hold
+
+    >>> str('blah') is 'blah'
+    True
+    >>> isinstance('blah', str)
+    True
+
+However, on Python 2.x, with this import:
+
+    >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+the same expressions are False:
+
+    >>> str('blah') is 'blah'
+    False
+    >>> isinstance('blah', str)
+    False
+
+This module is designed to be imported together with ``unicode_literals`` on
+Python 2 to bring the meaning of ``str`` back into alignment with unprefixed
+string literals (i.e. ``unicode`` subclasses).
+
+Note that ``str()`` (and ``print()``) would then normally call the
+``__unicode__`` method on objects in Python 2. To define string
+representations of your objects portably across Py3 and Py2, use the
+:func:`python_2_unicode_compatible` decorator in  :mod:`future.utils`.
+
+"""
+
+from numbers import Number
+
+from future.utils import PY3, istext, with_metaclass, isnewbytes
+from future.types import no, issubset
+from future.types.newobject import newobject
+
+
+if PY3:
+    # We'll probably never use newstr on Py3 anyway...
+    unicode = str
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+else:
+    from collections import Iterable
+
+
+class BaseNewStr(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        if cls == newstr:
+            return isinstance(instance, unicode)
+        else:
+            return issubclass(instance.__class__, cls)
+
+
+class newstr(with_metaclass(BaseNewStr, unicode)):
+    """
+    A backport of the Python 3 str object to Py2
+    """
+    no_convert_msg = "Can't convert '{0}' object to str implicitly"
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        From the Py3 str docstring:
+
+          str(object='') -> str
+          str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
+
+          Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
+          errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
+          that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
+          Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
+          or repr(object).
+          encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
+          errors defaults to 'strict'.
+
+        """
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            return super(newstr, cls).__new__(cls)
+        # Special case: If someone requests str(str(u'abc')), return the same
+        # object (same id) for consistency with Py3.3. This is not true for
+        # other objects like list or dict.
+        elif type(args[0]) == newstr and cls == newstr:
+            return args[0]
+        elif isinstance(args[0], unicode):
+            value = args[0]
+        elif isinstance(args[0], bytes):   # i.e. Py2 bytes or newbytes
+            if 'encoding' in kwargs or len(args) > 1:
+                value = args[0].decode(*args[1:], **kwargs)
+            else:
+                value = args[0].__str__()
+        else:
+            value = args[0]
+        return super(newstr, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Without the u prefix
+        """
+
+        value = super(newstr, self).__repr__()
+        # assert value[0] == u'u'
+        return value[1:]
+
+    def __getitem__(self, y):
+        """
+        Warning: Python <= 2.7.6 has a bug that causes this method never to be called
+        when y is a slice object. Therefore the type of newstr()[:2] is wrong
+        (unicode instead of newstr).
+        """
+        return newstr(super(newstr, self).__getitem__(y))
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        errmsg = "'in <string>' requires string as left operand, not {0}"
+        # Don't use isinstance() here because we only want to catch
+        # newstr, not Python 2 unicode:
+        if type(key) == newstr:
+            newkey = key
+        elif isinstance(key, unicode) or isinstance(key, bytes) and not isnewbytes(key):
+            newkey = newstr(key)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(errmsg.format(type(key)))
+        return issubset(list(newkey), list(self))
+
+    @no('newbytes')
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        return newstr(super(newstr, self).__add__(other))
+
+    @no('newbytes')
+    def __radd__(self, left):
+        " left + self "
+        try:
+            return newstr(left) + self
+        except:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        return newstr(super(newstr, self).__mul__(other))
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        return newstr(super(newstr, self).__rmul__(other))
+
+    def join(self, iterable):
+        errmsg = 'sequence item {0}: expected unicode string, found bytes'
+        for i, item in enumerate(iterable):
+            # Here we use type() rather than isinstance() because
+            # __instancecheck__ is being overridden. E.g.
+            # isinstance(b'abc', newbytes) is True on Py2.
+            if isnewbytes(item):
+                raise TypeError(errmsg.format(i))
+        # Support use as a staticmethod: str.join('-', ['a', 'b'])
+        if type(self) == newstr:
+            return newstr(super(newstr, self).join(iterable))
+        else:
+            return newstr(super(newstr, newstr(self)).join(iterable))
+
+    @no('newbytes')
+    def find(self, sub, *args):
+        return super(newstr, self).find(sub, *args)
+
+    @no('newbytes')
+    def rfind(self, sub, *args):
+        return super(newstr, self).rfind(sub, *args)
+
+    @no('newbytes', (1, 2))
+    def replace(self, old, new, *args):
+        return newstr(super(newstr, self).replace(old, new, *args))
+
+    def decode(self, *args):
+        raise AttributeError("decode method has been disabled in newstr")
+
+    def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'):
+        """
+        Returns bytes
+
+        Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
+        is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
+        handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
+        a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
+        'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
+        codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
+        """
+        from future.types.newbytes import newbytes
+        # Py2 unicode.encode() takes encoding and errors as optional parameter,
+        # not keyword arguments as in Python 3 str.
+
+        # For the surrogateescape error handling mechanism, the
+        # codecs.register_error() function seems to be inadequate for an
+        # implementation of it when encoding. (Decoding seems fine, however.)
+        # For example, in the case of
+        #     u'\udcc3'.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape_handler')
+        # after registering the ``surrogateescape_handler`` function in
+        # future.utils.surrogateescape, both Python 2.x and 3.x raise an
+        # exception anyway after the function is called because the unicode
+        # string it has to return isn't encodable strictly as ASCII.
+
+        if errors == 'surrogateescape':
+            if encoding == 'utf-16':
+                # Known to fail here. See test_encoding_works_normally()
+                raise NotImplementedError('FIXME: surrogateescape handling is '
+                                          'not yet implemented properly')
+            # Encode char by char, building up list of byte-strings
+            mybytes = []
+            for c in self:
+                code = ord(c)
+                if 0xD800 <= code <= 0xDCFF:
+                    mybytes.append(newbytes([code - 0xDC00]))
+                else:
+                    mybytes.append(c.encode(encoding=encoding))
+            return newbytes(b'').join(mybytes)
+        return newbytes(super(newstr, self).encode(encoding, errors))
+
+    @no('newbytes', 1)
+    def startswith(self, prefix, *args):
+        if isinstance(prefix, Iterable):
+            for thing in prefix:
+                if isnewbytes(thing):
+                    raise TypeError(self.no_convert_msg.format(type(thing)))
+        return super(newstr, self).startswith(prefix, *args)
+
+    @no('newbytes', 1)
+    def endswith(self, prefix, *args):
+        # Note we need the decorator above as well as the isnewbytes()
+        # check because prefix can be either a bytes object or e.g. a
+        # tuple of possible prefixes. (If it's a bytes object, each item
+        # in it is an int.)
+        if isinstance(prefix, Iterable):
+            for thing in prefix:
+                if isnewbytes(thing):
+                    raise TypeError(self.no_convert_msg.format(type(thing)))
+        return super(newstr, self).endswith(prefix, *args)
+
+    @no('newbytes', 1)
+    def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1):
+        # Py2 unicode.split() takes maxsplit as an optional parameter,
+        # not as a keyword argument as in Python 3 str.
+        parts = super(newstr, self).split(sep, maxsplit)
+        return [newstr(part) for part in parts]
+
+    @no('newbytes', 1)
+    def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1):
+        # Py2 unicode.rsplit() takes maxsplit as an optional parameter,
+        # not as a keyword argument as in Python 3 str.
+        parts = super(newstr, self).rsplit(sep, maxsplit)
+        return [newstr(part) for part in parts]
+
+    @no('newbytes', 1)
+    def partition(self, sep):
+        parts = super(newstr, self).partition(sep)
+        return tuple(newstr(part) for part in parts)
+
+    @no('newbytes', 1)
+    def rpartition(self, sep):
+        parts = super(newstr, self).rpartition(sep)
+        return tuple(newstr(part) for part in parts)
+
+    @no('newbytes', 1)
+    def index(self, sub, *args):
+        """
+        Like newstr.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not
+        found.
+        """
+        pos = self.find(sub, *args)
+        if pos == -1:
+            raise ValueError('substring not found')
+        return pos
+
+    def splitlines(self, keepends=False):
+        """
+        S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings
+
+        Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
+        Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
+        is given and true.
+        """
+        # Py2 unicode.splitlines() takes keepends as an optional parameter,
+        # not as a keyword argument as in Python 3 str.
+        parts = super(newstr, self).splitlines(keepends)
+        return [newstr(part) for part in parts]
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if (isinstance(other, unicode) or
+            isinstance(other, bytes) and not isnewbytes(other)):
+            return super(newstr, self).__eq__(other)
+        else:
+            return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        if (isinstance(self, unicode) or
+            isinstance(self, bytes) and not isnewbytes(self)):
+            return super(newstr, self).__hash__()
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        if (isinstance(other, unicode) or
+            isinstance(other, bytes) and not isnewbytes(other)):
+            return super(newstr, self).__ne__(other)
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    unorderable_err = 'unorderable types: str() and {0}'
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if (isinstance(other, unicode) or
+            isinstance(other, bytes) and not isnewbytes(other)):
+            return super(newstr, self).__lt__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if (isinstance(other, unicode) or
+            isinstance(other, bytes) and not isnewbytes(other)):
+            return super(newstr, self).__le__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if (isinstance(other, unicode) or
+            isinstance(other, bytes) and not isnewbytes(other)):
+            return super(newstr, self).__gt__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if (isinstance(other, unicode) or
+            isinstance(other, bytes) and not isnewbytes(other)):
+            return super(newstr, self).__ge__(other)
+        raise TypeError(self.unorderable_err.format(type(other)))
+
+    def __getattribute__(self, name):
+        """
+        A trick to cause the ``hasattr`` builtin-fn to return False for
+        the 'decode' method on Py2.
+        """
+        if name in ['decode', u'decode']:
+            raise AttributeError("decode method has been disabled in newstr")
+        return super(newstr, self).__getattribute__(name)
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        """
+        A hook for the future.utils.native() function.
+        """
+        return unicode(self)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def maketrans(x, y=None, z=None):
+        """
+        Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
+
+        If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
+        ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
+        Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
+        If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
+        in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
+        character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
+        must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
+        """
+
+        if y is None:
+            assert z is None
+            if not isinstance(x, dict):
+                raise TypeError('if you give only one argument to maketrans it must be a dict')
+            result = {}
+            for (key, value) in x.items():
+                if len(key) > 1:
+                    raise ValueError('keys in translate table must be strings or integers')
+                result[ord(key)] = value
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(x, unicode) and isinstance(y, unicode):
+                raise TypeError('x and y must be unicode strings')
+            if not len(x) == len(y):
+                raise ValueError('the first two maketrans arguments must have equal length')
+            result = {}
+            for (xi, yi) in zip(x, y):
+                if len(xi) > 1:
+                    raise ValueError('keys in translate table must be strings or integers')
+                result[ord(xi)] = ord(yi)
+
+        if z is not None:
+            for char in z:
+                result[ord(char)] = None
+        return result
+
+    def translate(self, table):
+        """
+        S.translate(table) -> str
+
+        Return a copy of the string S, where all characters have been mapped
+        through the given translation table, which must be a mapping of
+        Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
+        Unmapped characters are left untouched. Characters mapped to None
+        are deleted.
+        """
+        l = []
+        for c in self:
+            if ord(c) in table:
+                val = table[ord(c)]
+                if val is None:
+                    continue
+                elif isinstance(val, unicode):
+                    l.append(val)
+                else:
+                    l.append(chr(val))
+            else:
+                l.append(c)
+        return ''.join(l)
+
+    def isprintable(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('fixme')
+
+    def isidentifier(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('fixme')
+
+    def format_map(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('fixme')
+
+
+__all__ = ['newstr']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46bd96d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+"""
+A selection of cross-compatible functions for Python 2 and 3.
+
+This module exports useful functions for 2/3 compatible code:
+
+    * bind_method: binds functions to classes
+    * ``native_str_to_bytes`` and ``bytes_to_native_str``
+    * ``native_str``: always equal to the native platform string object (because
+      this may be shadowed by imports from future.builtins)
+    * lists: lrange(), lmap(), lzip(), lfilter()
+    * iterable method compatibility:
+        - iteritems, iterkeys, itervalues
+        - viewitems, viewkeys, viewvalues
+
+        These use the original method if available, otherwise they use items,
+        keys, values.
+
+    * types:
+
+        * text_type: unicode in Python 2, str in Python 3
+        * string_types: basestring in Python 2, str in Python 3
+        * binary_type: str in Python 2, bytes in Python 3
+        * integer_types: (int, long) in Python 2, int in Python 3
+        * class_types: (type, types.ClassType) in Python 2, type in Python 3
+
+    * bchr(c):
+        Take an integer and make a 1-character byte string
+    * bord(c)
+        Take the result of indexing on a byte string and make an integer
+    * tobytes(s)
+        Take a text string, a byte string, or a sequence of characters taken
+        from a byte string, and make a byte string.
+
+    * raise_from()
+    * raise_with_traceback()
+
+This module also defines these decorators:
+
+    * ``python_2_unicode_compatible``
+    * ``with_metaclass``
+    * ``implements_iterator``
+
+Some of the functions in this module come from the following sources:
+
+    * Jinja2 (BSD licensed: see
+      https://github.com/mitsuhiko/jinja2/blob/master/LICENSE)
+    * Pandas compatibility module pandas.compat
+    * six.py by Benjamin Peterson
+    * Django
+"""
+
+import types
+import sys
+import numbers
+import functools
+import copy
+import inspect
+
+
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
+PY34_PLUS = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 4)
+PY35_PLUS = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 5)
+PY36_PLUS = sys.version_info[0:2] >= (3, 6)
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PY26 = sys.version_info[0:2] == (2, 6)
+PY27 = sys.version_info[0:2] == (2, 7)
+PYPY = hasattr(sys, 'pypy_translation_info')
+
+
+def python_2_unicode_compatible(cls):
+    """
+    A decorator that defines __unicode__ and __str__ methods under Python
+    2. Under Python 3, this decorator is a no-op.
+
+    To support Python 2 and 3 with a single code base, define a __str__
+    method returning unicode text and apply this decorator to the class, like
+    this::
+
+    >>> from future.utils import python_2_unicode_compatible
+
+    >>> @python_2_unicode_compatible
+    ... class MyClass(object):
+    ...     def __str__(self):
+    ...         return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+
+    >>> a = MyClass()
+
+    Then, after this import:
+
+    >>> from future.builtins import str
+
+    the following is ``True`` on both Python 3 and 2::
+
+    >>> str(a) == a.encode('utf-8').decode('utf-8')
+    True
+
+    and, on a Unicode-enabled terminal with the right fonts, these both print the
+    Chinese characters for Confucius::
+
+    >>> print(a)
+    >>> print(str(a))
+
+    The implementation comes from django.utils.encoding.
+    """
+    if not PY3:
+        cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__
+        cls.__str__ = lambda self: self.__unicode__().encode('utf-8')
+    return cls
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """
+    Function from jinja2/_compat.py. License: BSD.
+
+    Use it like this::
+
+        class BaseForm(object):
+            pass
+
+        class FormType(type):
+            pass
+
+        class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):
+            pass
+
+    This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
+    dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces
+    itself with the actual metaclass.  Because of internal type checks
+    we also need to make sure that we downgrade the custom metaclass
+    for one level to something closer to type (that's why __call__ and
+    __init__ comes back from type etc.).
+
+    This has the advantage over six.with_metaclass of not introducing
+    dummy classes into the final MRO.
+    """
+    class metaclass(meta):
+        __call__ = type.__call__
+        __init__ = type.__init__
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if this_bases is None:
+                return type.__new__(cls, name, (), d)
+            return meta(name, bases, d)
+    return metaclass('temporary_class', None, {})
+
+
+# Definitions from pandas.compat and six.py follow:
+if PY3:
+    def bchr(s):
+        return bytes([s])
+    def bstr(s):
+        if isinstance(s, str):
+            return bytes(s, 'latin-1')
+        else:
+            return bytes(s)
+    def bord(s):
+        return s
+
+    string_types = str,
+    integer_types = int,
+    class_types = type,
+    text_type = str
+    binary_type = bytes
+
+else:
+    # Python 2
+    def bchr(s):
+        return chr(s)
+    def bstr(s):
+        return str(s)
+    def bord(s):
+        return ord(s)
+
+    string_types = basestring,
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+    class_types = (type, types.ClassType)
+    text_type = unicode
+    binary_type = str
+
+###
+
+if PY3:
+    def tobytes(s):
+        if isinstance(s, bytes):
+            return s
+        else:
+            if isinstance(s, str):
+                return s.encode('latin-1')
+            else:
+                return bytes(s)
+else:
+    # Python 2
+    def tobytes(s):
+        if isinstance(s, unicode):
+            return s.encode('latin-1')
+        else:
+            return ''.join(s)
+
+tobytes.__doc__ = """
+    Encodes to latin-1 (where the first 256 chars are the same as
+    ASCII.)
+    """
+
+if PY3:
+    def native_str_to_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8'):
+        return s.encode(encoding)
+
+    def bytes_to_native_str(b, encoding='utf-8'):
+        return b.decode(encoding)
+
+    def text_to_native_str(t, encoding=None):
+        return t
+else:
+    # Python 2
+    def native_str_to_bytes(s, encoding=None):
+        from future.types import newbytes    # to avoid a circular import
+        return newbytes(s)
+
+    def bytes_to_native_str(b, encoding=None):
+        return native(b)
+
+    def text_to_native_str(t, encoding='ascii'):
+        """
+        Use this to create a Py2 native string when "from __future__ import
+        unicode_literals" is in effect.
+        """
+        return unicode(t).encode(encoding)
+
+native_str_to_bytes.__doc__ = """
+    On Py3, returns an encoded string.
+    On Py2, returns a newbytes type, ignoring the ``encoding`` argument.
+    """
+
+if PY3:
+    # list-producing versions of the major Python iterating functions
+    def lrange(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(range(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def lzip(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(zip(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def lmap(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(map(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def lfilter(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(filter(*args, **kwargs))
+else:
+    import __builtin__
+    # Python 2-builtin ranges produce lists
+    lrange = __builtin__.range
+    lzip = __builtin__.zip
+    lmap = __builtin__.map
+    lfilter = __builtin__.filter
+
+
+def isidentifier(s, dotted=False):
+    '''
+    A function equivalent to the str.isidentifier method on Py3
+    '''
+    if dotted:
+        return all(isidentifier(a) for a in s.split('.'))
+    if PY3:
+        return s.isidentifier()
+    else:
+        import re
+        _name_re = re.compile(r"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$")
+        return bool(_name_re.match(s))
+
+
+def viewitems(obj, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Function for iterating over dictionary items with the same set-like
+    behaviour on Py2.7 as on Py3.
+
+    Passes kwargs to method."""
+    func = getattr(obj, "viewitems", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.items
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def viewkeys(obj, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Function for iterating over dictionary keys with the same set-like
+    behaviour on Py2.7 as on Py3.
+
+    Passes kwargs to method."""
+    func = getattr(obj, "viewkeys", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.keys
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def viewvalues(obj, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Function for iterating over dictionary values with the same set-like
+    behaviour on Py2.7 as on Py3.
+
+    Passes kwargs to method."""
+    func = getattr(obj, "viewvalues", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.values
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def iteritems(obj, **kwargs):
+    """Use this only if compatibility with Python versions before 2.7 is
+    required. Otherwise, prefer viewitems().
+    """
+    func = getattr(obj, "iteritems", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.items
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def iterkeys(obj, **kwargs):
+    """Use this only if compatibility with Python versions before 2.7 is
+    required. Otherwise, prefer viewkeys().
+    """
+    func = getattr(obj, "iterkeys", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.keys
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def itervalues(obj, **kwargs):
+    """Use this only if compatibility with Python versions before 2.7 is
+    required. Otherwise, prefer viewvalues().
+    """
+    func = getattr(obj, "itervalues", None)
+    if not func:
+        func = obj.values
+    return func(**kwargs)
+
+
+def bind_method(cls, name, func):
+    """Bind a method to class, python 2 and python 3 compatible.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+
+    cls : type
+        class to receive bound method
+    name : basestring
+        name of method on class instance
+    func : function
+        function to be bound as method
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    None
+    """
+    # only python 2 has an issue with bound/unbound methods
+    if not PY3:
+        setattr(cls, name, types.MethodType(func, None, cls))
+    else:
+        setattr(cls, name, func)
+
+
+def getexception():
+    return sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+
+def _get_caller_globals_and_locals():
+    """
+    Returns the globals and locals of the calling frame.
+
+    Is there an alternative to frame hacking here?
+    """
+    caller_frame = inspect.stack()[2]
+    myglobals = caller_frame[0].f_globals
+    mylocals = caller_frame[0].f_locals
+    return myglobals, mylocals
+
+
+def _repr_strip(mystring):
+    """
+    Returns the string without any initial or final quotes.
+    """
+    r = repr(mystring)
+    if r.startswith("'") and r.endswith("'"):
+        return r[1:-1]
+    else:
+        return r
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def raise_from(exc, cause):
+        """
+        Equivalent to:
+
+            raise EXCEPTION from CAUSE
+
+        on Python 3. (See PEP 3134).
+        """
+        myglobals, mylocals = _get_caller_globals_and_locals()
+
+        # We pass the exception and cause along with other globals
+        # when we exec():
+        myglobals = myglobals.copy()
+        myglobals['__python_future_raise_from_exc'] = exc
+        myglobals['__python_future_raise_from_cause'] = cause
+        execstr = "raise __python_future_raise_from_exc from __python_future_raise_from_cause"
+        exec(execstr, myglobals, mylocals)
+
+    def raise_(tp, value=None, tb=None):
+        """
+        A function that matches the Python 2.x ``raise`` statement. This
+        allows re-raising exceptions with the cls value and traceback on
+        Python 2 and 3.
+        """
+        if isinstance(tp, BaseException):
+            # If the first object is an instance, the type of the exception
+            # is the class of the instance, the instance itself is the value,
+            # and the second object must be None.
+            if value is not None:
+                raise TypeError("instance exception may not have a separate value")
+            exc = tp
+        elif isinstance(tp, type) and not issubclass(tp, BaseException):
+            # If the first object is a class, it becomes the type of the
+            # exception.
+            raise TypeError("class must derive from BaseException, not %s" % tp.__name__)
+        else:
+            # The second object is used to determine the exception value: If it
+            # is an instance of the class, the instance becomes the exception
+            # value. If the second object is a tuple, it is used as the argument
+            # list for the class constructor; if it is None, an empty argument
+            # list is used, and any other object is treated as a single argument
+            # to the constructor. The instance so created by calling the
+            # constructor is used as the exception value.
+            if isinstance(value, tp):
+                exc = value
+            elif isinstance(value, tuple):
+                exc = tp(*value)
+            elif value is None:
+                exc = tp()
+            else:
+                exc = tp(value)
+
+        if exc.__traceback__ is not tb:
+            raise exc.with_traceback(tb)
+        raise exc
+
+    def raise_with_traceback(exc, traceback=Ellipsis):
+        if traceback == Ellipsis:
+            _, _, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+        raise exc.with_traceback(traceback)
+
+else:
+    def raise_from(exc, cause):
+        """
+        Equivalent to:
+
+            raise EXCEPTION from CAUSE
+
+        on Python 3. (See PEP 3134).
+        """
+        # Is either arg an exception class (e.g. IndexError) rather than
+        # instance (e.g. IndexError('my message here')? If so, pass the
+        # name of the class undisturbed through to "raise ... from ...".
+        if isinstance(exc, type) and issubclass(exc, Exception):
+            e = exc()
+            # exc = exc.__name__
+            # execstr = "e = " + _repr_strip(exc) + "()"
+            # myglobals, mylocals = _get_caller_globals_and_locals()
+            # exec(execstr, myglobals, mylocals)
+        else:
+            e = exc
+        e.__suppress_context__ = False
+        if isinstance(cause, type) and issubclass(cause, Exception):
+            e.__cause__ = cause()
+            e.__cause__.__traceback__ = sys.exc_info()[2]
+            e.__suppress_context__ = True
+        elif cause is None:
+            e.__cause__ = None
+            e.__suppress_context__ = True
+        elif isinstance(cause, BaseException):
+            e.__cause__ = cause
+            object.__setattr__(e.__cause__,  '__traceback__', sys.exc_info()[2])
+            e.__suppress_context__ = True
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("exception causes must derive from BaseException")
+        e.__context__ = sys.exc_info()[1]
+        raise e
+
+    exec('''
+def raise_(tp, value=None, tb=None):
+    raise tp, value, tb
+
+def raise_with_traceback(exc, traceback=Ellipsis):
+    if traceback == Ellipsis:
+        _, _, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+    raise exc, None, traceback
+'''.strip())
+
+
+raise_with_traceback.__doc__ = (
+"""Raise exception with existing traceback.
+If traceback is not passed, uses sys.exc_info() to get traceback."""
+)
+
+
+# Deprecated alias for backward compatibility with ``future`` versions < 0.11:
+reraise = raise_
+
+
+def implements_iterator(cls):
+    '''
+    From jinja2/_compat.py. License: BSD.
+
+    Use as a decorator like this::
+
+        @implements_iterator
+        class UppercasingIterator(object):
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+            def __next__(self):
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+
+    '''
+    if PY3:
+        return cls
+    else:
+        cls.next = cls.__next__
+        del cls.__next__
+        return cls
+
+if PY3:
+    get_next = lambda x: x.next
+else:
+    get_next = lambda x: x.__next__
+
+
+def encode_filename(filename):
+    if PY3:
+        return filename
+    else:
+        if isinstance(filename, unicode):
+            return filename.encode('utf-8')
+        return filename
+
+
+def is_new_style(cls):
+    """
+    Python 2.7 has both new-style and old-style classes. Old-style classes can
+    be pesky in some circumstances, such as when using inheritance.  Use this
+    function to test for whether a class is new-style. (Python 3 only has
+    new-style classes.)
+    """
+    return hasattr(cls, '__class__') and ('__dict__' in dir(cls)
+                                          or hasattr(cls, '__slots__'))
+
+# The native platform string and bytes types. Useful because ``str`` and
+# ``bytes`` are redefined on Py2 by ``from future.builtins import *``.
+native_str = str
+native_bytes = bytes
+
+
+def istext(obj):
+    """
+    Deprecated. Use::
+        >>> isinstance(obj, str)
+    after this import:
+        >>> from future.builtins import str
+    """
+    return isinstance(obj, type(u''))
+
+
+def isbytes(obj):
+    """
+    Deprecated. Use::
+        >>> isinstance(obj, bytes)
+    after this import:
+        >>> from future.builtins import bytes
+    """
+    return isinstance(obj, type(b''))
+
+
+def isnewbytes(obj):
+    """
+    Equivalent to the result of ``type(obj)  == type(newbytes)``
+    in other words, it is REALLY a newbytes instance, not a Py2 native str
+    object?
+
+    Note that this does not cover subclasses of newbytes, and it is not
+    equivalent to ininstance(obj, newbytes)
+    """
+    return type(obj).__name__ == 'newbytes'
+
+
+def isint(obj):
+    """
+    Deprecated. Tests whether an object is a Py3 ``int`` or either a Py2 ``int`` or
+    ``long``.
+
+    Instead of using this function, you can use:
+
+        >>> from future.builtins import int
+        >>> isinstance(obj, int)
+
+    The following idiom is equivalent:
+
+        >>> from numbers import Integral
+        >>> isinstance(obj, Integral)
+    """
+
+    return isinstance(obj, numbers.Integral)
+
+
+def native(obj):
+    """
+    On Py3, this is a no-op: native(obj) -> obj
+
+    On Py2, returns the corresponding native Py2 types that are
+    superclasses for backported objects from Py3:
+
+    >>> from builtins import str, bytes, int
+
+    >>> native(str(u'ABC'))
+    u'ABC'
+    >>> type(native(str(u'ABC')))
+    unicode
+
+    >>> native(bytes(b'ABC'))
+    b'ABC'
+    >>> type(native(bytes(b'ABC')))
+    bytes
+
+    >>> native(int(10**20))
+    100000000000000000000L
+    >>> type(native(int(10**20)))
+    long
+
+    Existing native types on Py2 will be returned unchanged:
+
+    >>> type(native(u'ABC'))
+    unicode
+    """
+    if hasattr(obj, '__native__'):
+        return obj.__native__()
+    else:
+        return obj
+
+
+# Implementation of exec_ is from ``six``:
+if PY3:
+    import builtins
+    exec_ = getattr(builtins, "exec")
+else:
+    def exec_(code, globs=None, locs=None):
+        """Execute code in a namespace."""
+        if globs is None:
+            frame = sys._getframe(1)
+            globs = frame.f_globals
+            if locs is None:
+                locs = frame.f_locals
+            del frame
+        elif locs is None:
+            locs = globs
+        exec("""exec code in globs, locs""")
+
+
+# Defined here for backward compatibility:
+def old_div(a, b):
+    """
+    DEPRECATED: import ``old_div`` from ``past.utils`` instead.
+
+    Equivalent to ``a / b`` on Python 2 without ``from __future__ import
+    division``.
+
+    TODO: generalize this to other objects (like arrays etc.)
+    """
+    if isinstance(a, numbers.Integral) and isinstance(b, numbers.Integral):
+        return a // b
+    else:
+        return a / b
+
+
+def as_native_str(encoding='utf-8'):
+    '''
+    A decorator to turn a function or method call that returns text, i.e.
+    unicode, into one that returns a native platform str.
+
+    Use it as a decorator like this::
+
+        from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+        class MyClass(object):
+            @as_native_str(encoding='ascii')
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+    '''
+    if PY3:
+        return lambda f: f
+    else:
+        def encoder(f):
+            @functools.wraps(f)
+            def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+                return f(*args, **kwargs).encode(encoding=encoding)
+            return wrapper
+        return encoder
+
+# listvalues and listitems definitions from Nick Coghlan's (withdrawn)
+# PEP 496:
+try:
+    dict.iteritems
+except AttributeError:
+    # Python 3
+    def listvalues(d):
+        return list(d.values())
+    def listitems(d):
+        return list(d.items())
+else:
+    # Python 2
+    def listvalues(d):
+        return d.values()
+    def listitems(d):
+        return d.items()
+
+if PY3:
+    def ensure_new_type(obj):
+        return obj
+else:
+    def ensure_new_type(obj):
+        from future.types.newbytes import newbytes
+        from future.types.newstr import newstr
+        from future.types.newint import newint
+        from future.types.newdict import newdict
+
+        native_type = type(native(obj))
+
+        # Upcast only if the type is already a native (non-future) type
+        if issubclass(native_type, type(obj)):
+            # Upcast
+            if native_type == str:  # i.e. Py2 8-bit str
+                return newbytes(obj)
+            elif native_type == unicode:
+                return newstr(obj)
+            elif native_type == int:
+                return newint(obj)
+            elif native_type == long:
+                return newint(obj)
+            elif native_type == dict:
+                return newdict(obj)
+            else:
+                return obj
+        else:
+            # Already a new type
+            assert type(obj) in [newbytes, newstr]
+            return obj
+
+
+__all__ = ['PY2', 'PY26', 'PY3', 'PYPY',
+           'as_native_str', 'binary_type', 'bind_method', 'bord', 'bstr',
+           'bytes_to_native_str', 'class_types', 'encode_filename',
+           'ensure_new_type', 'exec_', 'get_next', 'getexception',
+           'implements_iterator', 'integer_types', 'is_new_style', 'isbytes',
+           'isidentifier', 'isint', 'isnewbytes', 'istext', 'iteritems',
+           'iterkeys', 'itervalues', 'lfilter', 'listitems', 'listvalues',
+           'lmap', 'lrange', 'lzip', 'native', 'native_bytes', 'native_str',
+           'native_str_to_bytes', 'old_div',
+           'python_2_unicode_compatible', 'raise_',
+           'raise_with_traceback', 'reraise', 'string_types',
+           'text_to_native_str', 'text_type', 'tobytes', 'viewitems',
+           'viewkeys', 'viewvalues', 'with_metaclass'
+           ]
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/surrogateescape.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/surrogateescape.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dcc9fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/future/utils/surrogateescape.py
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+"""
+This is Victor Stinner's pure-Python implementation of PEP 383: the "surrogateescape" error
+handler of Python 3.
+
+Source: misc/python/surrogateescape.py in https://bitbucket.org/haypo/misc
+"""
+
+# This code is released under the Python license and the BSD 2-clause license
+
+import codecs
+import sys
+
+from future import utils
+
+
+FS_ERRORS = 'surrogateescape'
+
+#     # -- Python 2/3 compatibility -------------------------------------
+#     FS_ERRORS = 'my_surrogateescape'
+
+def u(text):
+    if utils.PY3:
+        return text
+    else:
+        return text.decode('unicode_escape')
+
+def b(data):
+    if utils.PY3:
+        return data.encode('latin1')
+    else:
+        return data
+
+if utils.PY3:
+    _unichr = chr
+    bytes_chr = lambda code: bytes((code,))
+else:
+    _unichr = unichr
+    bytes_chr = chr
+
+def surrogateescape_handler(exc):
+    """
+    Pure Python implementation of the PEP 383: the "surrogateescape" error
+    handler of Python 3. Undecodable bytes will be replaced by a Unicode
+    character U+DCxx on decoding, and these are translated into the
+    original bytes on encoding.
+    """
+    mystring = exc.object[exc.start:exc.end]
+
+    try:
+        if isinstance(exc, UnicodeDecodeError):
+            # mystring is a byte-string in this case
+            decoded = replace_surrogate_decode(mystring)
+        elif isinstance(exc, UnicodeEncodeError):
+            # In the case of u'\udcc3'.encode('ascii',
+            # 'this_surrogateescape_handler'), both Python 2.x and 3.x raise an
+            # exception anyway after this function is called, even though I think
+            # it's doing what it should. It seems that the strict encoder is called
+            # to encode the unicode string that this function returns ...
+            decoded = replace_surrogate_encode(mystring)
+        else:
+            raise exc
+    except NotASurrogateError:
+        raise exc
+    return (decoded, exc.end)
+
+
+class NotASurrogateError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+def replace_surrogate_encode(mystring):
+    """
+    Returns a (unicode) string, not the more logical bytes, because the codecs
+    register_error functionality expects this.
+    """
+    decoded = []
+    for ch in mystring:
+        # if utils.PY3:
+        #     code = ch
+        # else:
+        code = ord(ch)
+
+        # The following magic comes from Py3.3's Python/codecs.c file:
+        if not 0xD800 <= code <= 0xDCFF:
+            # Not a surrogate. Fail with the original exception.
+            raise NotASurrogateError
+        # mybytes = [0xe0 | (code >> 12),
+        #            0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3f),
+        #            0x80 | (code & 0x3f)]
+        # Is this a good idea?
+        if 0xDC00 <= code <= 0xDC7F:
+            decoded.append(_unichr(code - 0xDC00))
+        elif code <= 0xDCFF:
+            decoded.append(_unichr(code - 0xDC00))
+        else:
+            raise NotASurrogateError
+    return str().join(decoded)
+
+
+def replace_surrogate_decode(mybytes):
+    """
+    Returns a (unicode) string
+    """
+    decoded = []
+    for ch in mybytes:
+        # We may be parsing newbytes (in which case ch is an int) or a native
+        # str on Py2
+        if isinstance(ch, int):
+            code = ch
+        else:
+            code = ord(ch)
+        if 0x80 <= code <= 0xFF:
+            decoded.append(_unichr(0xDC00 + code))
+        elif code <= 0x7F:
+            decoded.append(_unichr(code))
+        else:
+            # # It may be a bad byte
+            # # Try swallowing it.
+            # continue
+            # print("RAISE!")
+            raise NotASurrogateError
+    return str().join(decoded)
+
+
+def encodefilename(fn):
+    if FS_ENCODING == 'ascii':
+        # ASCII encoder of Python 2 expects that the error handler returns a
+        # Unicode string encodable to ASCII, whereas our surrogateescape error
+        # handler has to return bytes in 0x80-0xFF range.
+        encoded = []
+        for index, ch in enumerate(fn):
+            code = ord(ch)
+            if code < 128:
+                ch = bytes_chr(code)
+            elif 0xDC80 <= code <= 0xDCFF:
+                ch = bytes_chr(code - 0xDC00)
+            else:
+                raise UnicodeEncodeError(FS_ENCODING,
+                    fn, index, index+1,
+                    'ordinal not in range(128)')
+            encoded.append(ch)
+        return bytes().join(encoded)
+    elif FS_ENCODING == 'utf-8':
+        # UTF-8 encoder of Python 2 encodes surrogates, so U+DC80-U+DCFF
+        # doesn't go through our error handler
+        encoded = []
+        for index, ch in enumerate(fn):
+            code = ord(ch)
+            if 0xD800 <= code <= 0xDFFF:
+                if 0xDC80 <= code <= 0xDCFF:
+                    ch = bytes_chr(code - 0xDC00)
+                    encoded.append(ch)
+                else:
+                    raise UnicodeEncodeError(
+                        FS_ENCODING,
+                        fn, index, index+1, 'surrogates not allowed')
+            else:
+                ch_utf8 = ch.encode('utf-8')
+                encoded.append(ch_utf8)
+        return bytes().join(encoded)
+    else:
+        return fn.encode(FS_ENCODING, FS_ERRORS)
+
+def decodefilename(fn):
+    return fn.decode(FS_ENCODING, FS_ERRORS)
+
+FS_ENCODING = 'ascii'; fn = b('[abc\xff]'); encoded = u('[abc\udcff]')
+# FS_ENCODING = 'cp932'; fn = b('[abc\x81\x00]'); encoded = u('[abc\udc81\x00]')
+# FS_ENCODING = 'UTF-8'; fn = b('[abc\xff]'); encoded = u('[abc\udcff]')
+
+
+# normalize the filesystem encoding name.
+# For example, we expect "utf-8", not "UTF8".
+FS_ENCODING = codecs.lookup(FS_ENCODING).name
+
+
+def register_surrogateescape():
+    """
+    Registers the surrogateescape error handler on Python 2 (only)
+    """
+    if utils.PY3:
+        return
+    try:
+        codecs.lookup_error(FS_ERRORS)
+    except LookupError:
+        codecs.register_error(FS_ERRORS, surrogateescape_handler)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    pass
+    # # Tests:
+    # register_surrogateescape()
+
+    # b = decodefilename(fn)
+    # assert b == encoded, "%r != %r" % (b, encoded)
+    # c = encodefilename(b)
+    # assert c == fn, '%r != %r' % (c, fn)
+    # # print("ok")
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e957e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from future.moves.html import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/entities.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/entities.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..211649e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/entities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from html.entities import *
+else:
+    from future.moves.html.entities import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/parser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e394887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/html/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+    raise ImportError('Cannot import module from python-future source folder')
+else:
+    from future.moves.html.parser import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4f853e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    pass
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/client.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6a3100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+assert sys.version_info[0] < 3
+
+from httplib import *
+from httplib import HTTPMessage
+
+# These constants aren't included in __all__ in httplib.py:
+
+from httplib import (HTTP_PORT,
+                     HTTPS_PORT,
+
+                     CONTINUE,
+                     SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS,
+                     PROCESSING,
+
+                     OK,
+                     CREATED,
+                     ACCEPTED,
+                     NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION,
+                     NO_CONTENT,
+                     RESET_CONTENT,
+                     PARTIAL_CONTENT,
+                     MULTI_STATUS,
+                     IM_USED,
+
+                     MULTIPLE_CHOICES,
+                     MOVED_PERMANENTLY,
+                     FOUND,
+                     SEE_OTHER,
+                     NOT_MODIFIED,
+                     USE_PROXY,
+                     TEMPORARY_REDIRECT,
+
+                     BAD_REQUEST,
+                     UNAUTHORIZED,
+                     PAYMENT_REQUIRED,
+                     FORBIDDEN,
+                     NOT_FOUND,
+                     METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED,
+                     NOT_ACCEPTABLE,
+                     PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED,
+                     REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
+                     CONFLICT,
+                     GONE,
+                     LENGTH_REQUIRED,
+                     PRECONDITION_FAILED,
+                     REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE,
+                     REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG,
+                     UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE,
+                     REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE,
+                     EXPECTATION_FAILED,
+                     UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                     LOCKED,
+                     FAILED_DEPENDENCY,
+                     UPGRADE_REQUIRED,
+
+                     INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                     NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
+                     BAD_GATEWAY,
+                     SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                     GATEWAY_TIMEOUT,
+                     HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                     INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE,
+                     NOT_EXTENDED,
+
+                     MAXAMOUNT,
+                    )
+
+# These are not available on Python 2.6.x:
+try:
+    from httplib import LineTooLong, LineAndFileWrapper
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+# These may not be available on all versions of Python 2.6.x or 2.7.x
+try:
+    from httplib import (
+                         _CS_IDLE,
+                         _CS_REQ_STARTED,
+                         _CS_REQ_SENT,
+                         _MAXLINE,
+                         _MAXHEADERS,
+                         _is_legal_header_name,
+                         _is_illegal_header_value,
+                         _METHODS_EXPECTING_BODY
+                        )
+except ImportError:
+    pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookiejar.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookiejar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d847b2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookiejar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+assert sys.version_info[0] < 3
+
+from cookielib import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookies.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb2a823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/cookies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+assert sys.version_info[0] < 3
+
+from Cookie import *
+from Cookie import Morsel    # left out of __all__ on Py2.7!
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/server.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2971055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/http/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+assert sys.version_info[0] < 3
+
+from BaseHTTPServer import *
+from CGIHTTPServer import *
+from SimpleHTTPServer import *
+try:
+    from CGIHTTPServer import _url_collapse_path     # needed for a test
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        # Python 2.7.0 to 2.7.3
+        from CGIHTTPServer import (
+            _url_collapse_path_split as _url_collapse_path)
+    except ImportError:
+        # Doesn't exist on Python 2.6.x. Ignore it.
+        pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb1cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# empty to make this a package
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixer_util.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixer_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48e4689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixer_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+"""
+Utility functions from 2to3, 3to2 and python-modernize (and some home-grown
+ones).
+
+Licences:
+2to3: PSF License v2
+3to2: Apache Software License (from 3to2/setup.py)
+python-modernize licence: BSD (from python-modernize/LICENSE)
+"""
+
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import (FromImport, Newline, is_import,
+                                find_root, does_tree_import, Comma)
+from lib2to3.pytree import Leaf, Node
+from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols as syms, python_grammar
+from lib2to3.pygram import token
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import (Node, Call, Name, syms, Comma, Number)
+import re
+
+
+def canonical_fix_name(fix, avail_fixes):
+    """
+    Examples:
+    >>> canonical_fix_name('fix_wrap_text_literals')
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_wrap_text_literals'
+    >>> canonical_fix_name('wrap_text_literals')
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_wrap_text_literals'
+    >>> canonical_fix_name('wrap_te')
+    ValueError("unknown fixer name")
+    >>> canonical_fix_name('wrap')
+    ValueError("ambiguous fixer name")
+    """
+    if ".fix_" in fix:
+        return fix
+    else:
+        if fix.startswith('fix_'):
+            fix = fix[4:]
+        # Infer the full module name for the fixer.
+        # First ensure that no names clash (e.g.
+        # lib2to3.fixes.fix_blah and libfuturize.fixes.fix_blah):
+        found = [f for f in avail_fixes
+                 if f.endswith('fix_{0}'.format(fix))]
+        if len(found) > 1:
+            raise ValueError("Ambiguous fixer name. Choose a fully qualified "
+                  "module name instead from these:\n" +
+                  "\n".join("  " + myf for myf in found))
+        elif len(found) == 0:
+            raise ValueError("Unknown fixer. Use --list-fixes or -l for a list.")
+        return found[0]
+
+
+
+## These functions are from 3to2 by Joe Amenta:
+
+def Star(prefix=None):
+    return Leaf(token.STAR, u'*', prefix=prefix)
+
+def DoubleStar(prefix=None):
+    return Leaf(token.DOUBLESTAR, u'**', prefix=prefix)
+
+def Minus(prefix=None):
+    return Leaf(token.MINUS, u'-', prefix=prefix)
+
+def commatize(leafs):
+    """
+    Accepts/turns: (Name, Name, ..., Name, Name)
+    Returns/into: (Name, Comma, Name, Comma, ..., Name, Comma, Name)
+    """
+    new_leafs = []
+    for leaf in leafs:
+        new_leafs.append(leaf)
+        new_leafs.append(Comma())
+    del new_leafs[-1]
+    return new_leafs
+
+def indentation(node):
+    """
+    Returns the indentation for this node
+    Iff a node is in a suite, then it has indentation.
+    """
+    while node.parent is not None and node.parent.type != syms.suite:
+        node = node.parent
+    if node.parent is None:
+        return u""
+    # The first three children of a suite are NEWLINE, INDENT, (some other node)
+    # INDENT.value contains the indentation for this suite
+    # anything after (some other node) has the indentation as its prefix.
+    if node.type == token.INDENT:
+        return node.value
+    elif node.prev_sibling is not None and node.prev_sibling.type == token.INDENT:
+        return node.prev_sibling.value
+    elif node.prev_sibling is None:
+        return u""
+    else:
+        return node.prefix
+
+def indentation_step(node):
+    """
+    Dirty little trick to get the difference between each indentation level
+    Implemented by finding the shortest indentation string
+    (technically, the "least" of all of the indentation strings, but
+    tabs and spaces mixed won't get this far, so those are synonymous.)
+    """
+    r = find_root(node)
+    # Collect all indentations into one set.
+    all_indents = set(i.value for i in r.pre_order() if i.type == token.INDENT)
+    if not all_indents:
+        # nothing is indented anywhere, so we get to pick what we want
+        return u"    " # four spaces is a popular convention
+    else:
+        return min(all_indents)
+
+def suitify(parent):
+    """
+    Turn the stuff after the first colon in parent's children
+    into a suite, if it wasn't already
+    """
+    for node in parent.children:
+        if node.type == syms.suite:
+            # already in the prefered format, do nothing
+            return
+
+    # One-liners have no suite node, we have to fake one up
+    for i, node in enumerate(parent.children):
+        if node.type == token.COLON:
+            break
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(u"No class suite and no ':'!")
+    # Move everything into a suite node
+    suite = Node(syms.suite, [Newline(), Leaf(token.INDENT, indentation(node) + indentation_step(node))])
+    one_node = parent.children[i+1]
+    one_node.remove()
+    one_node.prefix = u''
+    suite.append_child(one_node)
+    parent.append_child(suite)
+
+def NameImport(package, as_name=None, prefix=None):
+    """
+    Accepts a package (Name node), name to import it as (string), and
+    optional prefix and returns a node:
+    import <package> [as <as_name>]
+    """
+    if prefix is None:
+        prefix = u""
+    children = [Name(u"import", prefix=prefix), package]
+    if as_name is not None:
+        children.extend([Name(u"as", prefix=u" "),
+                         Name(as_name, prefix=u" ")])
+    return Node(syms.import_name, children)
+
+_compound_stmts = (syms.if_stmt, syms.while_stmt, syms.for_stmt, syms.try_stmt, syms.with_stmt)
+_import_stmts = (syms.import_name, syms.import_from)
+
+def import_binding_scope(node):
+    """
+    Generator yields all nodes for which a node (an import_stmt) has scope
+    The purpose of this is for a call to _find() on each of them
+    """
+    # import_name / import_from are small_stmts
+    assert node.type in _import_stmts
+    test = node.next_sibling
+    # A small_stmt can only be followed by a SEMI or a NEWLINE.
+    while test.type == token.SEMI:
+        nxt = test.next_sibling
+        # A SEMI can only be followed by a small_stmt or a NEWLINE
+        if nxt.type == token.NEWLINE:
+            break
+        else:
+            yield nxt
+        # A small_stmt can only be followed by either a SEMI or a NEWLINE
+        test = nxt.next_sibling
+    # Covered all subsequent small_stmts after the import_stmt
+    # Now to cover all subsequent stmts after the parent simple_stmt
+    parent = node.parent
+    assert parent.type == syms.simple_stmt
+    test = parent.next_sibling
+    while test is not None:
+        # Yes, this will yield NEWLINE and DEDENT.  Deal with it.
+        yield test
+        test = test.next_sibling
+
+    context = parent.parent
+    # Recursively yield nodes following imports inside of a if/while/for/try/with statement
+    if context.type in _compound_stmts:
+        # import is in a one-liner
+        c = context
+        while c.next_sibling is not None:
+            yield c.next_sibling
+            c = c.next_sibling
+        context = context.parent
+
+    # Can't chain one-liners on one line, so that takes care of that.
+
+    p = context.parent
+    if p is None:
+        return
+
+    # in a multi-line suite
+
+    while p.type in _compound_stmts:
+
+        if context.type == syms.suite:
+            yield context
+
+        context = context.next_sibling
+
+        if context is None:
+            context = p.parent
+            p = context.parent
+            if p is None:
+                break
+
+def ImportAsName(name, as_name, prefix=None):
+    new_name = Name(name)
+    new_as = Name(u"as", prefix=u" ")
+    new_as_name = Name(as_name, prefix=u" ")
+    new_node = Node(syms.import_as_name, [new_name, new_as, new_as_name])
+    if prefix is not None:
+        new_node.prefix = prefix
+    return new_node
+
+
+def is_docstring(node):
+    """
+    Returns True if the node appears to be a docstring
+    """
+    return (node.type == syms.simple_stmt and
+            len(node.children) > 0 and node.children[0].type == token.STRING)
+
+
+def future_import(feature, node):
+    """
+    This seems to work
+    """
+    root = find_root(node)
+
+    if does_tree_import(u"__future__", feature, node):
+        return
+
+    # Look for a shebang or encoding line
+    shebang_encoding_idx = None
+
+    for idx, node in enumerate(root.children):
+        # Is it a shebang or encoding line?
+        if is_shebang_comment(node) or is_encoding_comment(node):
+            shebang_encoding_idx = idx
+        if is_docstring(node):
+            # skip over docstring
+            continue
+        names = check_future_import(node)
+        if not names:
+            # not a future statement; need to insert before this
+            break
+        if feature in names:
+            # already imported
+            return
+
+    import_ = FromImport(u'__future__', [Leaf(token.NAME, feature, prefix=" ")])
+    if shebang_encoding_idx == 0 and idx == 0:
+        # If this __future__ import would go on the first line,
+        # detach the shebang / encoding prefix from the current first line.
+        # and attach it to our new __future__ import node.
+        import_.prefix = root.children[0].prefix
+        root.children[0].prefix = u''
+        # End the __future__ import line with a newline and add a blank line
+        # afterwards:
+    children = [import_ , Newline()]
+    root.insert_child(idx, Node(syms.simple_stmt, children))
+
+
+def future_import2(feature, node):
+    """
+    An alternative to future_import() which might not work ...
+    """
+    root = find_root(node)
+
+    if does_tree_import(u"__future__", feature, node):
+        return
+
+    insert_pos = 0
+    for idx, node in enumerate(root.children):
+        if node.type == syms.simple_stmt and node.children and \
+           node.children[0].type == token.STRING:
+            insert_pos = idx + 1
+            break
+
+    for thing_after in root.children[insert_pos:]:
+        if thing_after.type == token.NEWLINE:
+            insert_pos += 1
+            continue
+
+        prefix = thing_after.prefix
+        thing_after.prefix = u""
+        break
+    else:
+        prefix = u""
+
+    import_ = FromImport(u"__future__", [Leaf(token.NAME, feature, prefix=u" ")])
+
+    children = [import_, Newline()]
+    root.insert_child(insert_pos, Node(syms.simple_stmt, children, prefix=prefix))
+
+def parse_args(arglist, scheme):
+    u"""
+    Parse a list of arguments into a dict
+    """
+    arglist = [i for i in arglist if i.type != token.COMMA]
+
+    ret_mapping = dict([(k, None) for k in scheme])
+
+    for i, arg in enumerate(arglist):
+        if arg.type == syms.argument and arg.children[1].type == token.EQUAL:
+            # argument < NAME '=' any >
+            slot = arg.children[0].value
+            ret_mapping[slot] = arg.children[2]
+        else:
+            slot = scheme[i]
+            ret_mapping[slot] = arg
+
+    return ret_mapping
+
+
+# def is_import_from(node):
+#     """Returns true if the node is a statement "from ... import ..."
+#     """
+#     return node.type == syms.import_from
+
+
+def is_import_stmt(node):
+    return (node.type == syms.simple_stmt and node.children and
+            is_import(node.children[0]))
+
+
+def touch_import_top(package, name_to_import, node):
+    """Works like `does_tree_import` but adds an import statement at the
+    top if it was not imported (but below any __future__ imports) and below any
+    comments such as shebang lines).
+
+    Based on lib2to3.fixer_util.touch_import()
+
+    Calling this multiple times adds the imports in reverse order.
+
+    Also adds "standard_library.install_aliases()" after "from future import
+    standard_library".  This should probably be factored into another function.
+    """
+
+    root = find_root(node)
+
+    if does_tree_import(package, name_to_import, root):
+        return
+
+    # Ideally, we would look for whether futurize --all-imports has been run,
+    # as indicated by the presence of ``from builtins import (ascii, ...,
+    # zip)`` -- and, if it has, we wouldn't import the name again.
+
+    # Look for __future__ imports and insert below them
+    found = False
+    for name in ['absolute_import', 'division', 'print_function',
+                 'unicode_literals']:
+        if does_tree_import('__future__', name, root):
+            found = True
+            break
+    if found:
+        # At least one __future__ import. We want to loop until we've seen them
+        # all.
+        start, end = None, None
+        for idx, node in enumerate(root.children):
+            if check_future_import(node):
+                start = idx
+                # Start looping
+                idx2 = start
+                while node:
+                    node = node.next_sibling
+                    idx2 += 1
+                    if not check_future_import(node):
+                        end = idx2
+                        break
+                break
+        assert start is not None
+        assert end is not None
+        insert_pos = end
+    else:
+        # No __future__ imports.
+        # We look for a docstring and insert the new node below that. If no docstring
+        # exists, just insert the node at the top.
+        for idx, node in enumerate(root.children):
+            if node.type != syms.simple_stmt:
+                break
+            if not is_docstring(node):
+                # This is the usual case.
+                break
+        insert_pos = idx
+
+    if package is None:
+        import_ = Node(syms.import_name, [
+            Leaf(token.NAME, u"import"),
+            Leaf(token.NAME, name_to_import, prefix=u" ")
+        ])
+    else:
+        import_ = FromImport(package, [Leaf(token.NAME, name_to_import, prefix=u" ")])
+        if name_to_import == u'standard_library':
+            # Add:
+            #     standard_library.install_aliases()
+            # after:
+            #     from future import standard_library
+            install_hooks = Node(syms.simple_stmt,
+                                 [Node(syms.power,
+                                       [Leaf(token.NAME, u'standard_library'),
+                                        Node(syms.trailer, [Leaf(token.DOT, u'.'),
+                                        Leaf(token.NAME, u'install_aliases')]),
+                                        Node(syms.trailer, [Leaf(token.LPAR, u'('),
+                                                            Leaf(token.RPAR, u')')])
+                                       ])
+                                 ]
+                                )
+            children_hooks = [install_hooks, Newline()]
+        else:
+            children_hooks = []
+
+        # FromImport(package, [Leaf(token.NAME, name_to_import, prefix=u" ")])
+
+    children_import = [import_, Newline()]
+    old_prefix = root.children[insert_pos].prefix
+    root.children[insert_pos].prefix = u''
+    root.insert_child(insert_pos, Node(syms.simple_stmt, children_import, prefix=old_prefix))
+    if len(children_hooks) > 0:
+        root.insert_child(insert_pos + 1, Node(syms.simple_stmt, children_hooks))
+
+
+## The following functions are from python-modernize by Armin Ronacher:
+# (a little edited).
+
+def check_future_import(node):
+    """If this is a future import, return set of symbols that are imported,
+    else return None."""
+    # node should be the import statement here
+    savenode = node
+    if not (node.type == syms.simple_stmt and node.children):
+        return set()
+    node = node.children[0]
+    # now node is the import_from node
+    if not (node.type == syms.import_from and
+            # node.type == token.NAME and      # seems to break it
+            hasattr(node.children[1], 'value') and
+            node.children[1].value == u'__future__'):
+        return set()
+    if node.children[3].type == token.LPAR:
+        node = node.children[4]
+    else:
+        node = node.children[3]
+    # now node is the import_as_name[s]
+    # print(python_grammar.number2symbol[node.type])  # breaks sometimes
+    if node.type == syms.import_as_names:
+        result = set()
+        for n in node.children:
+            if n.type == token.NAME:
+                result.add(n.value)
+            elif n.type == syms.import_as_name:
+                n = n.children[0]
+                assert n.type == token.NAME
+                result.add(n.value)
+        return result
+    elif node.type == syms.import_as_name:
+        node = node.children[0]
+        assert node.type == token.NAME
+        return set([node.value])
+    elif node.type == token.NAME:
+        return set([node.value])
+    else:
+        # TODO: handle brackets like this:
+        #     from __future__ import (absolute_import, division)
+        assert False, "strange import: %s" % savenode
+
+
+SHEBANG_REGEX = r'^#!.*python'
+ENCODING_REGEX = r"^#.*coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)"
+
+
+def is_shebang_comment(node):
+    """
+    Comments are prefixes for Leaf nodes. Returns whether the given node has a
+    prefix that looks like a shebang line or an encoding line:
+
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        #!/usr/bin/python3
+    """
+    return bool(re.match(SHEBANG_REGEX, node.prefix))
+
+
+def is_encoding_comment(node):
+    """
+    Comments are prefixes for Leaf nodes. Returns whether the given node has a
+    prefix that looks like an encoding line:
+
+        # coding: utf-8
+        # encoding: utf-8
+        # -*- coding: <encoding name> -*-
+        # vim: set fileencoding=<encoding name> :
+    """
+    return bool(re.match(ENCODING_REGEX, node.prefix))
+
+
+def wrap_in_fn_call(fn_name, args, prefix=None):
+    """
+    Example:
+    >>> wrap_in_fn_call("oldstr", (arg,))
+    oldstr(arg)
+
+    >>> wrap_in_fn_call("olddiv", (arg1, arg2))
+    olddiv(arg1, arg2)
+
+    >>> wrap_in_fn_call("olddiv", [arg1, comma, arg2, comma, arg3])
+    olddiv(arg1, arg2, arg3)
+    """
+    assert len(args) > 0
+    if len(args) == 2:
+        expr1, expr2 = args
+        newargs = [expr1, Comma(), expr2]
+    else:
+        newargs = args
+    return Call(Name(fn_name), newargs, prefix=prefix)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b56250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import sys
+from lib2to3 import refactor
+
+# The following fixers are "safe": they convert Python 2 code to more
+# modern Python 2 code. They should be uncontroversial to apply to most
+# projects that are happy to drop support for Py2.5 and below. Applying
+# them first will reduce the size of the patch set for the real porting.
+lib2to3_fix_names_stage1 = set([
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_apply',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_except',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_exec',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_exitfunc',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_funcattrs',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_has_key',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_idioms',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_import',    # makes any implicit relative imports explicit. (Use with ``from __future__ import absolute_import)
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_intern',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_isinstance',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_methodattrs',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_ne',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_next',         # would replace ``next`` method names
+                                        # with ``__next__``.
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_numliterals',    # turns 1L into 1, 0755 into 0o755
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_paren',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_print',        # see the libfuturize fixer that also
+                                        # adds ``from __future__ import print_function``
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_raise',   # uses incompatible with_traceback() method on exceptions
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_reduce',    # reduce is available in functools on Py2.6/Py2.7
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_renames',        # sys.maxint -> sys.maxsize
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_set_literal',  # this is unnecessary and breaks Py2.6 support
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_repr',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_standarderror',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_sys_exc',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_throw',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_tuple_params',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_types',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_ws_comma',       # can perhaps decrease readability: see issue #58
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_xreadlines',
+])
+
+# The following fixers add a dependency on the ``future`` package on order to
+# support Python 2:
+lib2to3_fix_names_stage2 = set([
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_buffer',    # perhaps not safe. Test this.
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_callable',  # not needed in Py3.2+
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_dict',        # TODO: add support for utils.viewitems() etc. and move to stage2
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_execfile',  # some problems: see issue #37.
+                                     # We use a custom fixer instead (see below)
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_future',    # we don't want to remove __future__ imports
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_getcwdu',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports',   # called by libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports2',  # we don't handle this yet (dbm)
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_input',     # Called conditionally by libfuturize.fixes.fix_input
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools_imports',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_filter',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_long',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_map',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_metaclass', # causes SyntaxError in Py2! Use the one from ``six`` instead
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_next',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_nonzero',     # TODO: cause this to import ``object`` and/or add a decorator for mapping __bool__ to __nonzero__
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_operator',    # we will need support for this by e.g. extending the Py2 operator module to provide those functions in Py3
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_raw_input',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_unicode',   # strips off the u'' prefix, which removes a potentially helpful source of information for disambiguating unicode/byte strings
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_urllib',    # included in libfuturize.fix_future_standard_library_urllib
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_xrange',    # custom one because of a bug with Py3.3's lib2to3
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_zip',
+])
+
+libfuturize_fix_names_stage1 = set([
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_absolute_import',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_next_call',  # obj.next() -> next(obj). Unlike
+                                        # lib2to3.fixes.fix_next, doesn't change
+                                        # the ``next`` method to ``__next__``.
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_print_with_import',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_raise',
+    # 'libfuturize.fixes.fix_order___future__imports',  # TODO: consolidate to a single line to simplify testing
+])
+
+libfuturize_fix_names_stage2 = set([
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_basestring',
+    # 'libfuturize.fixes.fix_add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals',  # just in case
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_cmp',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_division_safe',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_execfile',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_builtins',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library_urllib',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_input',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_metaclass',
+    'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_newstyle',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_object',
+    # 'libfuturize.fixes.fix_order___future__imports',  # TODO: consolidate to a single line to simplify testing
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_unicode_keep_u',
+    # 'libfuturize.fixes.fix_unicode_literals_import',
+    'libfuturize.fixes.fix_xrange_with_import',  # custom one because of a bug with Py3.3's lib2to3
+])
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_UserDict.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_UserDict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb0cfac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_UserDict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+"""Fix UserDict.
+
+Incomplete!
+
+TODO: base this on fix_urllib perhaps?
+"""
+
+
+# Local imports
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, attr_chain
+from lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports import alternates, build_pattern, FixImports
+
+MAPPING = {'UserDict':  'collections',
+}
+
+# def alternates(members):
+#     return "(" + "|".join(map(repr, members)) + ")"
+#
+#
+# def build_pattern(mapping=MAPPING):
+#     mod_list = ' | '.join(["module_name='%s'" % key for key in mapping])
+#     bare_names = alternates(mapping.keys())
+#
+#     yield """name_import=import_name< 'import' ((%s) |
+#                multiple_imports=dotted_as_names< any* (%s) any* >) >
+#           """ % (mod_list, mod_list)
+#     yield """import_from< 'from' (%s) 'import' ['(']
+#               ( any | import_as_name< any 'as' any > |
+#                 import_as_names< any* >)  [')'] >
+#           """ % mod_list
+#     yield """import_name< 'import' (dotted_as_name< (%s) 'as' any > |
+#                multiple_imports=dotted_as_names<
+#                  any* dotted_as_name< (%s) 'as' any > any* >) >
+#           """ % (mod_list, mod_list)
+#
+#     # Find usages of module members in code e.g. thread.foo(bar)
+#     yield "power< bare_with_attr=(%s) trailer<'.' any > any* >" % bare_names
+
+
+# class FixUserDict(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+class FixUserdict(FixImports):
+
+    BM_compatible = True
+    keep_line_order = True
+    # This is overridden in fix_imports2.
+    mapping = MAPPING
+
+    # We want to run this fixer late, so fix_import doesn't try to make stdlib
+    # renames into relative imports.
+    run_order = 6
+
+    def build_pattern(self):
+        return "|".join(build_pattern(self.mapping))
+
+    def compile_pattern(self):
+        # We override this, so MAPPING can be pragmatically altered and the
+        # changes will be reflected in PATTERN.
+        self.PATTERN = self.build_pattern()
+        super(FixImports, self).compile_pattern()
+
+    # Don't match the node if it's within another match.
+    def match(self, node):
+        match = super(FixImports, self).match
+        results = match(node)
+        if results:
+            # Module usage could be in the trailer of an attribute lookup, so we
+            # might have nested matches when "bare_with_attr" is present.
+            if "bare_with_attr" not in results and \
+                    any(match(obj) for obj in attr_chain(node, "parent")):
+                return False
+            return results
+        return False
+
+    def start_tree(self, tree, filename):
+        super(FixImports, self).start_tree(tree, filename)
+        self.replace = {}
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        import_mod = results.get("module_name")
+        if import_mod:
+            mod_name = import_mod.value
+            new_name = unicode(self.mapping[mod_name])
+            import_mod.replace(Name(new_name, prefix=import_mod.prefix))
+            if "name_import" in results:
+                # If it's not a "from x import x, y" or "import x as y" import,
+                # marked its usage to be replaced.
+                self.replace[mod_name] = new_name
+            if "multiple_imports" in results:
+                # This is a nasty hack to fix multiple imports on a line (e.g.,
+                # "import StringIO, urlparse"). The problem is that I can't
+                # figure out an easy way to make a pattern recognize the keys of
+                # MAPPING randomly sprinkled in an import statement.
+                results = self.match(node)
+                if results:
+                    self.transform(node, results)
+        else:
+            # Replace usage of the module.
+            bare_name = results["bare_with_attr"][0]
+            new_name = self.replace.get(bare_name.value)
+            if new_name:
+                bare_name.replace(Name(new_name, prefix=bare_name.prefix))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_absolute_import.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_absolute_import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eab9c52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_absolute_import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""
+Fixer for import statements, with a __future__ import line.
+
+Based on lib2to3/fixes/fix_import.py, but extended slightly so it also
+supports Cython modules.
+
+If spam is being imported from the local directory, this import:
+    from spam import eggs
+becomes:
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from .spam import eggs
+
+and this import:
+    import spam
+becomes:
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from . import spam
+"""
+
+from os.path import dirname, join, exists, sep
+from lib2to3.fixes.fix_import import FixImport
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import FromImport, syms
+from lib2to3.fixes.fix_import import traverse_imports
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import future_import
+
+
+class FixAbsoluteImport(FixImport):
+    run_order = 9
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        """
+        Copied from FixImport.transform(), but with this line added in
+        any modules that had implicit relative imports changed:
+
+            from __future__ import absolute_import"
+        """
+        if self.skip:
+            return
+        imp = results['imp']
+
+        if node.type == syms.import_from:
+            # Some imps are top-level (eg: 'import ham')
+            # some are first level (eg: 'import ham.eggs')
+            # some are third level (eg: 'import ham.eggs as spam')
+            # Hence, the loop
+            while not hasattr(imp, 'value'):
+                imp = imp.children[0]
+            if self.probably_a_local_import(imp.value):
+                imp.value = u"." + imp.value
+                imp.changed()
+                future_import(u"absolute_import", node)
+        else:
+            have_local = False
+            have_absolute = False
+            for mod_name in traverse_imports(imp):
+                if self.probably_a_local_import(mod_name):
+                    have_local = True
+                else:
+                    have_absolute = True
+            if have_absolute:
+                if have_local:
+                    # We won't handle both sibling and absolute imports in the
+                    # same statement at the moment.
+                    self.warning(node, "absolute and local imports together")
+                return
+
+            new = FromImport(u".", [imp])
+            new.prefix = node.prefix
+            future_import(u"absolute_import", node)
+            return new
+
+    def probably_a_local_import(self, imp_name):
+        """
+        Like the corresponding method in the base class, but this also
+        supports Cython modules.
+        """
+        if imp_name.startswith(u"."):
+            # Relative imports are certainly not local imports.
+            return False
+        imp_name = imp_name.split(u".", 1)[0]
+        base_path = dirname(self.filename)
+        base_path = join(base_path, imp_name)
+        # If there is no __init__.py next to the file its not in a package
+        # so can't be a relative import.
+        if not exists(join(dirname(base_path), "__init__.py")):
+            return False
+        for ext in [".py", sep, ".pyc", ".so", ".sl", ".pyd", ".pyx"]:
+            if exists(base_path + ext):
+                return True
+        return False
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37d7fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""
+Fixer for adding:
+
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from __future__ import division
+    from __future__ import print_function
+
+This is "stage 1": hopefully uncontroversial changes.
+
+Stage 2 adds ``unicode_literals``.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import future_import
+
+class FixAddFutureImportsExceptUnicodeLiterals(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "file_input"
+
+    run_order = 9
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        # Reverse order:
+        future_import(u"absolute_import", node)
+        future_import(u"division", node)
+        future_import(u"print_function", node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_basestring.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_basestring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5676d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_basestring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""
+Fixer that adds ``from past.builtins import basestring`` if there is a
+reference to ``basestring``
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+class FixBasestring(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+
+    PATTERN = "'basestring'"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        touch_import_top(u'past.builtins', 'basestring', node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_bytes.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_bytes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4202122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_bytes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""Optional fixer that changes all unprefixed string literals "..." to b"...".
+
+br'abcd' is a SyntaxError on Python 2 but valid on Python 3.
+ur'abcd' is a SyntaxError on Python 3 but valid on Python 2.
+
+"""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import re
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+_literal_re = re.compile(r"[^bBuUrR]?[\'\"]")
+
+class FixBytes(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "STRING"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        if node.type == token.STRING:
+            if _literal_re.match(node.value):
+                new = node.clone()
+                new.value = u'b' + new.value
+                return new
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_cmp.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_cmp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..762eb4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_cmp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+Fixer for the cmp() function on Py2, which was removed in Py3.
+
+Adds this import line::
+
+    from past.builtins import cmp
+
+if cmp() is called in the code.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+expression = "name='cmp'"
+
+
+class FixCmp(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    run_order = 9
+
+    PATTERN = """
+              power<
+                 ({0}) trailer< '(' args=[any] ')' >
+              rest=any* >
+              """.format(expression)
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        name = results["name"]
+        touch_import_top(u'past.builtins', name.value, node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6975a52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""
+UNFINISHED
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Adds this import line:
+
+    from __future__ import division
+
+at the top so the code runs identically on Py3 and Py2.6/2.7
+"""
+
+from libpasteurize.fixes.fix_division import FixDivision
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division_safe.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division_safe.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d5909c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_division_safe.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Adds this import line:
+
+    from __future__ import division
+
+at the top and changes any old-style divisions to be calls to
+past.utils.old_div so the code runs as before on Py2.6/2.7 and has the same
+behaviour on Py3.
+
+If "from __future__ import division" is already in effect, this fixer does
+nothing.
+"""
+
+import re
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Leaf, Node, Comma
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import (token, future_import, touch_import_top,
+                                    wrap_in_fn_call)
+
+
+def match_division(node):
+    u"""
+    __future__.division redefines the meaning of a single slash for division,
+    so we match that and only that.
+    """
+    slash = token.SLASH
+    return node.type == slash and not node.next_sibling.type == slash and \
+                                  not node.prev_sibling.type == slash
+
+const_re = re.compile('^[0-9]*[.][0-9]*$')
+
+def is_floaty(node):
+    return _is_floaty(node.prev_sibling) or _is_floaty(node.next_sibling)
+
+
+def _is_floaty(expr):
+    if isinstance(expr, list):
+        expr = expr[0]
+
+    if isinstance(expr, Leaf):
+        # If it's a leaf, let's see if it's a numeric constant containing a '.'
+        return const_re.match(expr.value)
+    elif isinstance(expr, Node):
+        # If the expression is a node, let's see if it's a direct cast to float
+        if isinstance(expr.children[0], Leaf):
+            return expr.children[0].value == u'float'
+    return False
+
+
+class FixDivisionSafe(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    # BM_compatible = True
+    run_order = 4    # this seems to be ignored?
+
+    _accept_type = token.SLASH
+
+    PATTERN = """
+    term<(not('/') any)+ '/' ((not('/') any))>
+    """
+
+    def start_tree(self, tree, name):
+        """
+        Skip this fixer if "__future__.division" is already imported.
+        """
+        super(FixDivisionSafe, self).start_tree(tree, name)
+        self.skip = "division" in tree.future_features
+
+    def match(self, node):
+        u"""
+        Since the tree needs to be fixed once and only once if and only if it
+        matches, we can start discarding matches after the first.
+        """
+        if node.type == self.syms.term:
+            matched = False
+            skip = False
+            children = []
+            for child in node.children:
+                if skip:
+                    skip = False
+                    continue
+                if match_division(child) and not is_floaty(child):
+                    matched = True
+
+                    # Strip any leading space for the first number:
+                    children[0].prefix = u''
+
+                    children = [wrap_in_fn_call("old_div",
+                                                children + [Comma(), child.next_sibling.clone()],
+                                                prefix=node.prefix)]
+                    skip = True
+                else:
+                    children.append(child.clone())
+            if matched:
+                return Node(node.type, children, fixers_applied=node.fixers_applied)
+
+        return False
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        if self.skip:
+            return
+        future_import(u"division", node)
+        touch_import_top(u'past.utils', u'old_div', node)
+        return results
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_execfile.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_execfile.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfe9d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_execfile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""
+Fixer for the execfile() function on Py2, which was removed in Py3.
+
+The Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_execfile.py module has some problems: see
+python-future issue #37. This fixer merely imports execfile() from
+past.builtins and leaves the code alone.
+
+Adds this import line::
+
+    from past.builtins import execfile
+
+for the function execfile() that was removed from Py3.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+expression = "name='execfile'"
+
+
+class FixExecfile(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    run_order = 9
+
+    PATTERN = """
+              power<
+                 ({0}) trailer< '(' args=[any] ')' >
+              rest=any* >
+              """.format(expression)
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        name = results["name"]
+        touch_import_top(u'past.builtins', name.value, node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eea6c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Adds this import line::
+
+    from builtins import XYZ
+
+for each of the functions XYZ that is used in the module.
+
+Adds these imports after any other imports (in an initial block of them).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols as syms
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, Call, in_special_context
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+# All builtins are:
+#     from future.builtins.iterators import (filter, map, zip)
+#     from future.builtins.misc import (ascii, chr, hex, input, isinstance, oct, open, round, super)
+#     from future.types import (bytes, dict, int, range, str)
+# We don't need isinstance any more.
+
+replaced_builtin_fns = '''filter map zip
+                       ascii chr hex input next oct
+                       bytes range str raw_input'''.split()
+                       # This includes raw_input as a workaround for the
+                       # lib2to3 fixer for raw_input on Py3 (only), allowing
+                       # the correct import to be included. (Py3 seems to run
+                       # the fixers the wrong way around, perhaps ignoring the
+                       # run_order class attribute below ...)
+
+expression = '|'.join(["name='{0}'".format(name) for name in replaced_builtin_fns])
+
+
+class FixFutureBuiltins(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    run_order = 7
+
+    # Currently we only match uses as a function. This doesn't match e.g.:
+    #     if isinstance(s, str):
+    #         ...
+    PATTERN = """
+              power<
+                 ({0}) trailer< '(' [arglist=any] ')' >
+              rest=any* >
+              |
+              power<
+                  'map' trailer< '(' [arglist=any] ')' >
+              >
+              """.format(expression)
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        name = results["name"]
+        touch_import_top(u'builtins', name.value, node)
+        # name.replace(Name(u"input", prefix=name.prefix))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1c3f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Changes any imports needed to reflect the standard library reorganization. Also
+Also adds these import lines:
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_aliases()
+
+after any __future__ imports but before any other imports.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports import FixImports
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+class FixFutureStandardLibrary(FixImports):
+    run_order = 8
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        result = super(FixFutureStandardLibrary, self).transform(node, results)
+        # TODO: add a blank line between any __future__ imports and this?
+        touch_import_top(u'future', u'standard_library', node)
+        return result
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library_urllib.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library_urllib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf67388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_future_standard_library_urllib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+A special fixer that ensures that these lines have been added::
+
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+even if the only module imported was ``urllib``, in which case the regular fixer
+wouldn't have added these lines.
+
+"""
+
+from lib2to3.fixes.fix_urllib import FixUrllib
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top, find_root
+
+
+class FixFutureStandardLibraryUrllib(FixUrllib):     # not a subclass of FixImports
+    run_order = 8
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        # transform_member() in lib2to3/fixes/fix_urllib.py breaks node so find_root(node)
+        # no longer works after the super() call below. So we find the root first:
+        root = find_root(node)
+        result = super(FixFutureStandardLibraryUrllib, self).transform(node, results)
+        # TODO: add a blank line between any __future__ imports and this?
+        touch_import_top(u'future', u'standard_library', root)
+        return result
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_input.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_input.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a43882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_input.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""
+Fixer for input.
+
+Does a check for `from builtins import input` before running the lib2to3 fixer.
+The fixer will not run when the input is already present.
+
+
+this:
+    a = input()
+becomes:
+    from builtins import input
+    a = eval(input())
+
+and this:
+    from builtins import input
+    a = input()
+becomes (no change):
+    from builtins import input
+    a = input()
+"""
+
+import lib2to3.fixes.fix_input
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import does_tree_import
+
+
+class FixInput(lib2to3.fixes.fix_input.FixInput):
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+
+        if does_tree_import('builtins', 'input', node):
+            return
+
+        return super(FixInput, self).transform(node, results)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ac41c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+"""Fixer for __metaclass__ = X -> (future.utils.with_metaclass(X)) methods.
+
+   The various forms of classef (inherits nothing, inherits once, inherints
+   many) don't parse the same in the CST so we look at ALL classes for
+   a __metaclass__ and if we find one normalize the inherits to all be
+   an arglist.
+
+   For one-liner classes ('class X: pass') there is no indent/dedent so
+   we normalize those into having a suite.
+
+   Moving the __metaclass__ into the classdef can also cause the class
+   body to be empty so there is some special casing for that as well.
+
+   This fixer also tries very hard to keep original indenting and spacing
+   in all those corner cases.
+"""
+# This is a derived work of Lib/lib2to3/fixes/fix_metaclass.py under the
+# copyright of the Python Software Foundation, licensed under the Python
+# Software Foundation License 2.
+#
+# Copyright notice:
+#
+#     Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+#     2011, 2012, 2013 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Full license text: http://docs.python.org/3.4/license.html
+
+# Author: Jack Diederich, Daniel Neuhäuser
+
+# Local imports
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pygram import token
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, syms, Node, Leaf, touch_import, Call, \
+    String, Comma, parenthesize
+
+
+def has_metaclass(parent):
+    """ we have to check the cls_node without changing it.
+        There are two possiblities:
+          1)  clsdef => suite => simple_stmt => expr_stmt => Leaf('__meta')
+          2)  clsdef => simple_stmt => expr_stmt => Leaf('__meta')
+    """
+    for node in parent.children:
+        if node.type == syms.suite:
+            return has_metaclass(node)
+        elif node.type == syms.simple_stmt and node.children:
+            expr_node = node.children[0]
+            if expr_node.type == syms.expr_stmt and expr_node.children:
+                left_side = expr_node.children[0]
+                if isinstance(left_side, Leaf) and \
+                        left_side.value == '__metaclass__':
+                    return True
+    return False
+
+
+def fixup_parse_tree(cls_node):
+    """ one-line classes don't get a suite in the parse tree so we add
+        one to normalize the tree
+    """
+    for node in cls_node.children:
+        if node.type == syms.suite:
+            # already in the preferred format, do nothing
+            return
+
+    # !%@#! oneliners have no suite node, we have to fake one up
+    for i, node in enumerate(cls_node.children):
+        if node.type == token.COLON:
+            break
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("No class suite and no ':'!")
+
+    # move everything into a suite node
+    suite = Node(syms.suite, [])
+    while cls_node.children[i+1:]:
+        move_node = cls_node.children[i+1]
+        suite.append_child(move_node.clone())
+        move_node.remove()
+    cls_node.append_child(suite)
+    node = suite
+
+
+def fixup_simple_stmt(parent, i, stmt_node):
+    """ if there is a semi-colon all the parts count as part of the same
+        simple_stmt.  We just want the __metaclass__ part so we move
+        everything efter the semi-colon into its own simple_stmt node
+    """
+    for semi_ind, node in enumerate(stmt_node.children):
+        if node.type == token.SEMI: # *sigh*
+            break
+    else:
+        return
+
+    node.remove() # kill the semicolon
+    new_expr = Node(syms.expr_stmt, [])
+    new_stmt = Node(syms.simple_stmt, [new_expr])
+    while stmt_node.children[semi_ind:]:
+        move_node = stmt_node.children[semi_ind]
+        new_expr.append_child(move_node.clone())
+        move_node.remove()
+    parent.insert_child(i, new_stmt)
+    new_leaf1 = new_stmt.children[0].children[0]
+    old_leaf1 = stmt_node.children[0].children[0]
+    new_leaf1.prefix = old_leaf1.prefix
+
+
+def remove_trailing_newline(node):
+    if node.children and node.children[-1].type == token.NEWLINE:
+        node.children[-1].remove()
+
+
+def find_metas(cls_node):
+    # find the suite node (Mmm, sweet nodes)
+    for node in cls_node.children:
+        if node.type == syms.suite:
+            break
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("No class suite!")
+
+    # look for simple_stmt[ expr_stmt[ Leaf('__metaclass__') ] ]
+    for i, simple_node in list(enumerate(node.children)):
+        if simple_node.type == syms.simple_stmt and simple_node.children:
+            expr_node = simple_node.children[0]
+            if expr_node.type == syms.expr_stmt and expr_node.children:
+                # Check if the expr_node is a simple assignment.
+                left_node = expr_node.children[0]
+                if isinstance(left_node, Leaf) and \
+                        left_node.value == u'__metaclass__':
+                    # We found a assignment to __metaclass__.
+                    fixup_simple_stmt(node, i, simple_node)
+                    remove_trailing_newline(simple_node)
+                    yield (node, i, simple_node)
+
+
+def fixup_indent(suite):
+    """ If an INDENT is followed by a thing with a prefix then nuke the prefix
+        Otherwise we get in trouble when removing __metaclass__ at suite start
+    """
+    kids = suite.children[::-1]
+    # find the first indent
+    while kids:
+        node = kids.pop()
+        if node.type == token.INDENT:
+            break
+
+    # find the first Leaf
+    while kids:
+        node = kids.pop()
+        if isinstance(node, Leaf) and node.type != token.DEDENT:
+            if node.prefix:
+                node.prefix = u''
+            return
+        else:
+            kids.extend(node.children[::-1])
+
+
+class FixMetaclass(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+
+    PATTERN = """
+    classdef<any*>
+    """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        if not has_metaclass(node):
+            return
+
+        fixup_parse_tree(node)
+
+        # find metaclasses, keep the last one
+        last_metaclass = None
+        for suite, i, stmt in find_metas(node):
+            last_metaclass = stmt
+            stmt.remove()
+
+        text_type = node.children[0].type # always Leaf(nnn, 'class')
+
+        # figure out what kind of classdef we have
+        if len(node.children) == 7:
+            # Node(classdef, ['class', 'name', '(', arglist, ')', ':', suite])
+            #                 0        1       2    3        4    5    6
+            if node.children[3].type == syms.arglist:
+                arglist = node.children[3]
+            # Node(classdef, ['class', 'name', '(', 'Parent', ')', ':', suite])
+            else:
+                parent = node.children[3].clone()
+                arglist = Node(syms.arglist, [parent])
+                node.set_child(3, arglist)
+        elif len(node.children) == 6:
+            # Node(classdef, ['class', 'name', '(',  ')', ':', suite])
+            #                 0        1       2     3    4    5
+            arglist = Node(syms.arglist, [])
+            node.insert_child(3, arglist)
+        elif len(node.children) == 4:
+            # Node(classdef, ['class', 'name', ':', suite])
+            #                 0        1       2    3
+            arglist = Node(syms.arglist, [])
+            node.insert_child(2, Leaf(token.RPAR, u')'))
+            node.insert_child(2, arglist)
+            node.insert_child(2, Leaf(token.LPAR, u'('))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unexpected class definition")
+
+        # now stick the metaclass in the arglist
+        meta_txt = last_metaclass.children[0].children[0]
+        meta_txt.value = 'metaclass'
+        orig_meta_prefix = meta_txt.prefix
+
+        # Was: touch_import(None, u'future.utils', node)
+        touch_import(u'future.utils', u'with_metaclass', node)
+
+        metaclass = last_metaclass.children[0].children[2].clone()
+        metaclass.prefix = u''
+
+        arguments = [metaclass]
+
+        if arglist.children:
+            if len(arglist.children) == 1:
+                base = arglist.children[0].clone()
+                base.prefix = u' '
+            else:
+                # Unfortunately six.with_metaclass() only allows one base
+                # class, so we have to dynamically generate a base class if
+                # there is more than one.
+                bases = parenthesize(arglist.clone())
+                bases.prefix = u' '
+                base = Call(Name('type'), [
+                    String("'NewBase'"),
+                    Comma(),
+                    bases,
+                    Comma(),
+                    Node(
+                        syms.atom,
+                        [Leaf(token.LBRACE, u'{'), Leaf(token.RBRACE, u'}')],
+                        prefix=u' '
+                    )
+                ], prefix=u' ')
+            arguments.extend([Comma(), base])
+
+        arglist.replace(Call(
+            Name(u'with_metaclass', prefix=arglist.prefix),
+            arguments
+        ))
+
+        fixup_indent(suite)
+
+        # check for empty suite
+        if not suite.children:
+            # one-liner that was just __metaclass_
+            suite.remove()
+            pass_leaf = Leaf(text_type, u'pass')
+            pass_leaf.prefix = orig_meta_prefix
+            node.append_child(pass_leaf)
+            node.append_child(Leaf(token.NEWLINE, u'\n'))
+
+        elif len(suite.children) > 1 and \
+                 (suite.children[-2].type == token.INDENT and
+                  suite.children[-1].type == token.DEDENT):
+            # there was only one line in the class body and it was __metaclass__
+            pass_leaf = Leaf(text_type, u'pass')
+            suite.insert_child(-1, pass_leaf)
+            suite.insert_child(-1, Leaf(token.NEWLINE, u'\n'))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_next_call.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_next_call.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..282f185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_next_call.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+Based on fix_next.py by Collin Winter.
+
+Replaces it.next() -> next(it), per PEP 3114.
+
+Unlike fix_next.py, this fixer doesn't replace the name of a next method with __next__,
+which would break Python 2 compatibility without further help from fixers in
+stage 2.
+"""
+
+# Local imports
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols as syms
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, Call, find_binding
+
+bind_warning = "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed by global binding"
+
+
+class FixNextCall(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = """
+    power< base=any+ trailer< '.' attr='next' > trailer< '(' ')' > >
+    |
+    power< head=any+ trailer< '.' attr='next' > not trailer< '(' ')' > >
+    |
+    global=global_stmt< 'global' any* 'next' any* >
+    """
+
+    order = "pre" # Pre-order tree traversal
+
+    def start_tree(self, tree, filename):
+        super(FixNextCall, self).start_tree(tree, filename)
+
+        n = find_binding('next', tree)
+        if n:
+            self.warning(n, bind_warning)
+            self.shadowed_next = True
+        else:
+            self.shadowed_next = False
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        assert results
+
+        base = results.get("base")
+        attr = results.get("attr")
+        name = results.get("name")
+
+        if base:
+            if self.shadowed_next:
+                # Omit this:
+                # attr.replace(Name("__next__", prefix=attr.prefix))
+                pass
+            else:
+                base = [n.clone() for n in base]
+                base[0].prefix = ""
+                node.replace(Call(Name("next", prefix=node.prefix), base))
+        elif name:
+            # Omit this:
+            # n = Name("__next__", prefix=name.prefix)
+            # name.replace(n)
+            pass
+        elif attr:
+            # We don't do this transformation if we're assigning to "x.next".
+            # Unfortunately, it doesn't seem possible to do this in PATTERN,
+            #  so it's being done here.
+            if is_assign_target(node):
+                head = results["head"]
+                if "".join([str(n) for n in head]).strip() == '__builtin__':
+                    self.warning(node, bind_warning)
+                return
+            # Omit this:
+            # attr.replace(Name("__next__"))
+        elif "global" in results:
+            self.warning(node, bind_warning)
+            self.shadowed_next = True
+
+
+### The following functions help test if node is part of an assignment
+###  target.
+
+def is_assign_target(node):
+    assign = find_assign(node)
+    if assign is None:
+        return False
+
+    for child in assign.children:
+        if child.type == token.EQUAL:
+            return False
+        elif is_subtree(child, node):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+def find_assign(node):
+    if node.type == syms.expr_stmt:
+        return node
+    if node.type == syms.simple_stmt or node.parent is None:
+        return None
+    return find_assign(node.parent)
+
+def is_subtree(root, node):
+    if root == node:
+        return True
+    return any(is_subtree(c, node) for c in root.children)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_object.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_object.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..accf2c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_object.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""
+Fixer that adds ``from builtins import object`` if there is a line
+like this:
+    class Foo(object):
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+class FixObject(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"classdef< 'class' NAME '(' name='object' ')' colon=':' any >"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        touch_import_top(u'builtins', 'object', node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_oldstr_wrap.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_oldstr_wrap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad58771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_oldstr_wrap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Adds this import line:
+
+    from past.builtins import str as oldstr
+
+at the top and wraps any unadorned string literals 'abc' or explicit byte-string
+literals b'abc' in oldstr() calls so the code has the same behaviour on Py3 as
+on Py2.6/2.7.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import re
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import syms
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import (future_import, touch_import_top,
+                                    wrap_in_fn_call)
+
+
+_literal_re = re.compile(r"[^uUrR]?[\'\"]")
+
+
+class FixOldstrWrap(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "STRING"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        if node.type == token.STRING:
+            touch_import_top(u'past.types', u'oldstr', node)
+            if _literal_re.match(node.value):
+                new = node.clone()
+                # Strip any leading space or comments:
+                # TODO: check: do we really want to do this?
+                new.prefix = u''
+                new.value = u'b' + new.value
+                wrapped = wrap_in_fn_call("oldstr", [new], prefix=node.prefix)
+                return wrapped
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_order___future__imports.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_order___future__imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00d7ef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_order___future__imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""
+UNFINISHED
+
+Fixer for turning multiple lines like these:
+
+    from __future__ import division
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from __future__ import print_function
+
+into a single line like this:
+
+    from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function)
+
+This helps with testing of ``futurize``.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import future_import
+
+class FixOrderFutureImports(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "file_input"
+
+    run_order = 10
+
+    # def match(self, node):
+    #     """
+    #     Match only once per file
+    #     """
+    #     if hasattr(node, 'type') and node.type == syms.file_input:
+    #         return True
+    #     return False
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        # TODO    # write me
+        pass
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..247b91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Copyright 2006 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+
+"""Fixer for print.
+
+Change:
+    "print"          into "print()"
+    "print ..."      into "print(...)"
+    "print(...)"     not changed
+    "print ... ,"    into "print(..., end=' ')"
+    "print >>x, ..." into "print(..., file=x)"
+
+No changes are applied if print_function is imported from __future__
+
+"""
+
+# Local imports
+from lib2to3 import patcomp, pytree, fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, Call, Comma, String
+# from libmodernize import add_future
+
+parend_expr = patcomp.compile_pattern(
+              """atom< '(' [arith_expr|atom|power|term|STRING|NAME] ')' >"""
+              )
+
+
+class FixPrint(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    BM_compatible = True
+
+    PATTERN = """
+              simple_stmt< any* bare='print' any* > | print_stmt
+              """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        assert results
+
+        bare_print = results.get("bare")
+
+        if bare_print:
+            # Special-case print all by itself.
+            bare_print.replace(Call(Name(u"print"), [],
+                               prefix=bare_print.prefix))
+            # The "from __future__ import print_function"" declaration is added
+            # by the fix_print_with_import fixer, so we skip it here.
+            # add_future(node, u'print_function')
+            return
+        assert node.children[0] == Name(u"print")
+        args = node.children[1:]
+        if len(args) == 1 and parend_expr.match(args[0]):
+            # We don't want to keep sticking parens around an
+            # already-parenthesised expression.
+            return
+
+        sep = end = file = None
+        if args and args[-1] == Comma():
+            args = args[:-1]
+            end = " "
+        if args and args[0] == pytree.Leaf(token.RIGHTSHIFT, u">>"):
+            assert len(args) >= 2
+            file = args[1].clone()
+            args = args[3:] # Strip a possible comma after the file expression
+        # Now synthesize a print(args, sep=..., end=..., file=...) node.
+        l_args = [arg.clone() for arg in args]
+        if l_args:
+            l_args[0].prefix = u""
+        if sep is not None or end is not None or file is not None:
+            if sep is not None:
+                self.add_kwarg(l_args, u"sep", String(repr(sep)))
+            if end is not None:
+                self.add_kwarg(l_args, u"end", String(repr(end)))
+            if file is not None:
+                self.add_kwarg(l_args, u"file", file)
+        n_stmt = Call(Name(u"print"), l_args)
+        n_stmt.prefix = node.prefix
+
+        # Note that there are corner cases where adding this future-import is
+        # incorrect, for example when the file also has a 'print ()' statement
+        # that was intended to print "()".
+        # add_future(node, u'print_function')
+        return n_stmt
+
+    def add_kwarg(self, l_nodes, s_kwd, n_expr):
+        # XXX All this prefix-setting may lose comments (though rarely)
+        n_expr.prefix = u""
+        n_argument = pytree.Node(self.syms.argument,
+                                 (Name(s_kwd),
+                                  pytree.Leaf(token.EQUAL, u"="),
+                                  n_expr))
+        if l_nodes:
+            l_nodes.append(Comma())
+            n_argument.prefix = u" "
+        l_nodes.append(n_argument)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print_with_import.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print_with_import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3449046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_print_with_import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Turns any print statements into functions and adds this import line:
+
+    from __future__ import print_function
+
+at the top to retain compatibility with Python 2.6+.
+"""
+
+from libfuturize.fixes.fix_print import FixPrint
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import future_import
+
+class FixPrintWithImport(FixPrint):
+    run_order = 7
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        # Add the __future__ import first. (Otherwise any shebang or encoding
+        # comment line attached as a prefix to the print statement will be
+        # copied twice and appear twice.)
+        future_import(u'print_function', node)
+        n_stmt = super(FixPrintWithImport, self).transform(node, results)
+        return n_stmt
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_raise.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_raise.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f751841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_raise.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+"""Fixer for 'raise E, V'
+
+From Armin Ronacher's ``python-modernize``.
+
+raise         -> raise
+raise E       -> raise E
+raise E, 5    -> raise E(5)
+raise E, 5, T -> raise E(5).with_traceback(T)
+raise E, None, T -> raise E.with_traceback(T)
+
+raise (((E, E'), E''), E'''), 5 -> raise E(5)
+raise "foo", V, T               -> warns about string exceptions
+
+raise E, (V1, V2) -> raise E(V1, V2)
+raise E, (V1, V2), T -> raise E(V1, V2).with_traceback(T)
+
+
+CAVEATS:
+1) "raise E, V, T" cannot be translated safely in general. If V
+   is not a tuple or a (number, string, None) literal, then:
+
+   raise E, V, T -> from future.utils import raise_
+                    raise_(E, V, T)
+"""
+# Author: Collin Winter, Armin Ronacher, Mark Huang
+
+# Local imports
+from lib2to3 import pytree, fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, Call, is_tuple, Comma, Attr, ArgList
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+class FixRaise(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = """
+    raise_stmt< 'raise' exc=any [',' val=any [',' tb=any]] >
+    """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        syms = self.syms
+
+        exc = results["exc"].clone()
+        if exc.type == token.STRING:
+            msg = "Python 3 does not support string exceptions"
+            self.cannot_convert(node, msg)
+            return
+
+        # Python 2 supports
+        #  raise ((((E1, E2), E3), E4), E5), V
+        # as a synonym for
+        #  raise E1, V
+        # Since Python 3 will not support this, we recurse down any tuple
+        # literals, always taking the first element.
+        if is_tuple(exc):
+            while is_tuple(exc):
+                # exc.children[1:-1] is the unparenthesized tuple
+                # exc.children[1].children[0] is the first element of the tuple
+                exc = exc.children[1].children[0].clone()
+            exc.prefix = u" "
+
+        if "tb" in results:
+            tb = results["tb"].clone()
+        else:
+            tb = None
+
+        if "val" in results:
+            val = results["val"].clone()
+            if is_tuple(val):
+                # Assume that exc is a subclass of Exception and call exc(*val).
+                args = [c.clone() for c in val.children[1:-1]]
+                exc = Call(exc, args)
+            elif val.type in (token.NUMBER, token.STRING):
+                # Handle numeric and string literals specially, e.g.
+                # "raise Exception, 5" -> "raise Exception(5)".
+                val.prefix = u""
+                exc = Call(exc, [val])
+            elif val.type == token.NAME and val.value == u"None":
+                # Handle None specially, e.g.
+                # "raise Exception, None" -> "raise Exception".
+                pass
+            else:
+                # val is some other expression. If val evaluates to an instance
+                # of exc, it should just be raised. If val evaluates to None,
+                # a default instance of exc should be raised (as above). If val
+                # evaluates to a tuple, exc(*val) should be called (as
+                # above). Otherwise, exc(val) should be called. We can only
+                # tell what to do at runtime, so defer to future.utils.raise_(),
+                # which handles all of these cases.
+                touch_import_top(u"future.utils", u"raise_", node)
+                exc.prefix = u""
+                args = [exc, Comma(), val]
+                if tb is not None:
+                    args += [Comma(), tb]
+                return Call(Name(u"raise_"), args)
+
+        if tb is not None:
+            tb.prefix = ""
+            exc_list = Attr(exc, Name('with_traceback')) + [ArgList([tb])]
+        else:
+            exc_list = [exc]
+
+        return pytree.Node(syms.raise_stmt,
+                           [Name(u"raise")] + exc_list,
+                           prefix=node.prefix)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_remove_old__future__imports.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_remove_old__future__imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9336f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_remove_old__future__imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""
+Fixer for removing any of these lines:
+
+    from __future__ import with_statement
+    from __future__ import nested_scopes
+    from __future__ import generators
+
+The reason is that __future__ imports like these are required to be the first
+line of code (after docstrings) on Python 2.6+, which can get in the way.
+
+These imports are always enabled in Python 2.6+, which is the minimum sane
+version to target for Py2/3 compatibility.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import remove_future_import
+
+class FixRemoveOldFutureImports(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "file_input"
+    run_order = 1
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        remove_future_import(u"with_statement", node)
+        remove_future_import(u"nested_scopes", node)
+        remove_future_import(u"generators", node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_keep_u.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_keep_u.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e9a4e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_keep_u.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""Fixer that changes unicode to str and unichr to chr, but -- unlike the
+lib2to3 fix_unicode.py fixer, does not change u"..." into "...".
+
+The reason is that Py3.3+ supports the u"..." string prefix, and, if
+present, the prefix may provide useful information for disambiguating
+between byte strings and unicode strings, which is often the hardest part
+of the porting task.
+
+"""
+
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+_mapping = {u"unichr" : u"chr", u"unicode" : u"str"}
+
+class FixUnicodeKeepU(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "'unicode' | 'unichr'"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        if node.type == token.NAME:
+            new = node.clone()
+            new.value = _mapping[node.value]
+            return new
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_literals_import.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_literals_import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51c5062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_unicode_literals_import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""
+Adds this import:
+
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import future_import
+
+class FixUnicodeLiteralsImport(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "file_input"
+
+    run_order = 9
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        future_import(u"unicode_literals", node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_xrange_with_import.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_xrange_with_import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c910f81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/fixes/fix_xrange_with_import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Turns any xrange calls into range calls and adds this import line:
+
+    from builtins import range
+
+at the top.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3.fixes.fix_xrange import FixXrange
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+class FixXrangeWithImport(FixXrange):
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        result = super(FixXrangeWithImport, self).transform(node, results)
+        touch_import_top('builtins', 'range', node)
+        return result
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/main.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..634c2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libfuturize/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+"""
+futurize: automatic conversion to clean 2/3 code using ``python-future``
+======================================================================
+
+Like Armin Ronacher's modernize.py, ``futurize`` attempts to produce clean
+standard Python 3 code that runs on both Py2 and Py3.
+
+One pass
+--------
+
+Use it like this on Python 2 code:
+
+  $ futurize --verbose mypython2script.py
+
+This will attempt to port the code to standard Py3 code that also
+provides Py2 compatibility with the help of the right imports from
+``future``.
+
+To write changes to the files, use the -w flag.
+
+Two stages
+----------
+
+The ``futurize`` script can also be called in two separate stages. First:
+
+  $ futurize --stage1 mypython2script.py
+
+This produces more modern Python 2 code that is not yet compatible with Python
+3. The tests should still run and the diff should be uncontroversial to apply to
+most Python projects that are willing to drop support for Python 2.5 and lower.
+
+After this, the recommended approach is to explicitly mark all strings that must
+be byte-strings with a b'' prefix and all text (unicode) strings with a u''
+prefix, and then invoke the second stage of Python 2 to 2/3 conversion with::
+
+  $ futurize --stage2 mypython2script.py
+
+Stage 2 adds a dependency on ``future``. It converts most remaining Python
+2-specific code to Python 3 code and adds appropriate imports from ``future``
+to restore Py2 support.
+
+The command above leaves all unadorned string literals as native strings
+(byte-strings on Py2, unicode strings on Py3). If instead you would like all
+unadorned string literals to be promoted to unicode, you can also pass this
+flag:
+
+  $ futurize --stage2 --unicode-literals mypython2script.py
+
+This adds the declaration ``from __future__ import unicode_literals`` to the
+top of each file, which implicitly declares all unadorned string literals to be
+unicode strings (``unicode`` on Py2).
+
+All imports
+-----------
+
+The --all-imports option forces adding all ``__future__`` imports,
+``builtins`` imports, and standard library aliases, even if they don't
+seem necessary for the current state of each module. (This can simplify
+testing, and can reduce the need to think about Py2 compatibility when editing
+the code further.)
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals)
+import future.utils
+from future import __version__
+
+import sys
+import logging
+import optparse
+import os
+
+from lib2to3.main import warn, StdoutRefactoringTool
+from lib2to3 import refactor
+
+from libfuturize.fixes import (lib2to3_fix_names_stage1,
+                               lib2to3_fix_names_stage2,
+                               libfuturize_fix_names_stage1,
+                               libfuturize_fix_names_stage2)
+
+fixer_pkg = 'libfuturize.fixes'
+
+
+def main(args=None):
+    """Main program.
+
+    Args:
+        fixer_pkg: the name of a package where the fixers are located.
+        args: optional; a list of command line arguments. If omitted,
+              sys.argv[1:] is used.
+
+    Returns a suggested exit status (0, 1, 2).
+    """
+
+    # Set up option parser
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage="futurize [options] file|dir ...")
+    parser.add_option("-V", "--version", action="store_true",
+                      help="Report the version number of futurize")
+    parser.add_option("-a", "--all-imports", action="store_true",
+                      help="Add all __future__ and future imports to each module")
+    parser.add_option("-1", "--stage1", action="store_true",
+                      help="Modernize Python 2 code only; no compatibility with Python 3 (or dependency on ``future``)")
+    parser.add_option("-2", "--stage2", action="store_true",
+                      help="Take modernized (stage1) code and add a dependency on ``future`` to provide Py3 compatibility.")
+    parser.add_option("-0", "--both-stages", action="store_true",
+                      help="Apply both stages 1 and 2")
+    parser.add_option("-u", "--unicode-literals", action="store_true",
+                      help="Add ``from __future__ import unicode_literals`` to implicitly convert all unadorned string literals '' into unicode strings")
+    parser.add_option("-f", "--fix", action="append", default=[],
+                      help="Each FIX specifies a transformation; default: all.\nEither use '-f division -f metaclass' etc. or use the fully-qualified module name: '-f lib2to3.fixes.fix_types -f libfuturize.fixes.fix_unicode_keep_u'")
+    parser.add_option("-j", "--processes", action="store", default=1,
+                      type="int", help="Run 2to3 concurrently")
+    parser.add_option("-x", "--nofix", action="append", default=[],
+                      help="Prevent a fixer from being run.")
+    parser.add_option("-l", "--list-fixes", action="store_true",
+                      help="List available transformations")
+    parser.add_option("-p", "--print-function", action="store_true",
+                      help="Modify the grammar so that print() is a function")
+    parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true",
+                      help="More verbose logging")
+    parser.add_option("--no-diffs", action="store_true",
+                      help="Don't show diffs of the refactoring")
+    parser.add_option("-w", "--write", action="store_true",
+                      help="Write back modified files")
+    parser.add_option("-n", "--nobackups", action="store_true", default=False,
+                      help="Don't write backups for modified files.")
+    parser.add_option("-o", "--output-dir", action="store", type="str",
+                      default="", help="Put output files in this directory "
+                      "instead of overwriting the input files.  Requires -n. "
+                      "For Python >= 2.7 only.")
+    parser.add_option("-W", "--write-unchanged-files", action="store_true",
+                      help="Also write files even if no changes were required"
+                      " (useful with --output-dir); implies -w.")
+    parser.add_option("--add-suffix", action="store", type="str", default="",
+                      help="Append this string to all output filenames."
+                      " Requires -n if non-empty. For Python >= 2.7 only."
+                      "ex: --add-suffix='3' will generate .py3 files.")
+
+    # Parse command line arguments
+    flags = {}
+    refactor_stdin = False
+    options, args = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    if options.write_unchanged_files:
+        flags["write_unchanged_files"] = True
+        if not options.write:
+            warn("--write-unchanged-files/-W implies -w.")
+        options.write = True
+    # If we allowed these, the original files would be renamed to backup names
+    # but not replaced.
+    if options.output_dir and not options.nobackups:
+        parser.error("Can't use --output-dir/-o without -n.")
+    if options.add_suffix and not options.nobackups:
+        parser.error("Can't use --add-suffix without -n.")
+
+    if not options.write and options.no_diffs:
+        warn("not writing files and not printing diffs; that's not very useful")
+    if not options.write and options.nobackups:
+        parser.error("Can't use -n without -w")
+    if "-" in args:
+        refactor_stdin = True
+        if options.write:
+            print("Can't write to stdin.", file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+    # Is this ever necessary?
+    if options.print_function:
+        flags["print_function"] = True
+
+    # Set up logging handler
+    level = logging.DEBUG if options.verbose else logging.INFO
+    logging.basicConfig(format='%(name)s: %(message)s', level=level)
+    logger = logging.getLogger('libfuturize.main')
+
+    if options.stage1 or options.stage2:
+        assert options.both_stages is None
+        options.both_stages = False
+    else:
+        options.both_stages = True
+
+    avail_fixes = set()
+
+    if options.stage1 or options.both_stages:
+        avail_fixes.update(lib2to3_fix_names_stage1)
+        avail_fixes.update(libfuturize_fix_names_stage1)
+    if options.stage2 or options.both_stages:
+        avail_fixes.update(lib2to3_fix_names_stage2)
+        avail_fixes.update(libfuturize_fix_names_stage2)
+
+    if options.unicode_literals:
+        avail_fixes.add('libfuturize.fixes.fix_unicode_literals_import')
+
+    if options.version:
+        print(__version__)
+        return 0
+    if options.list_fixes:
+        print("Available transformations for the -f/--fix option:")
+        # for fixname in sorted(refactor.get_all_fix_names(fixer_pkg)):
+        for fixname in sorted(avail_fixes):
+            print(fixname)
+        if not args:
+            return 0
+    if not args:
+        print("At least one file or directory argument required.",
+              file=sys.stderr)
+        print("Use --help to show usage.", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    unwanted_fixes = set()
+    for fix in options.nofix:
+        if ".fix_" in fix:
+            unwanted_fixes.add(fix)
+        else:
+            # Infer the full module name for the fixer.
+            # First ensure that no names clash (e.g.
+            # lib2to3.fixes.fix_blah and libfuturize.fixes.fix_blah):
+            found = [f for f in avail_fixes
+                     if f.endswith('fix_{0}'.format(fix))]
+            if len(found) > 1:
+                print("Ambiguous fixer name. Choose a fully qualified "
+                      "module name instead from these:\n" +
+                      "\n".join("  " + myf for myf in found),
+                      file=sys.stderr)
+                return 2
+            elif len(found) == 0:
+                print("Unknown fixer. Use --list-fixes or -l for a list.",
+                      file=sys.stderr)
+                return 2
+            unwanted_fixes.add(found[0])
+
+    extra_fixes = set()
+    if options.all_imports:
+        if options.stage1:
+            prefix = 'libfuturize.fixes.'
+            extra_fixes.add(prefix +
+                            'fix_add__future__imports_except_unicode_literals')
+        else:
+            # In case the user hasn't run stage1 for some reason:
+            prefix = 'libpasteurize.fixes.'
+            extra_fixes.add(prefix + 'fix_add_all__future__imports')
+            extra_fixes.add(prefix + 'fix_add_future_standard_library_import')
+            extra_fixes.add(prefix + 'fix_add_all_future_builtins')
+    explicit = set()
+    if options.fix:
+        all_present = False
+        for fix in options.fix:
+            if fix == 'all':
+                all_present = True
+            else:
+                if ".fix_" in fix:
+                    explicit.add(fix)
+                else:
+                    # Infer the full module name for the fixer.
+                    # First ensure that no names clash (e.g.
+                    # lib2to3.fixes.fix_blah and libfuturize.fixes.fix_blah):
+                    found = [f for f in avail_fixes
+                             if f.endswith('fix_{0}'.format(fix))]
+                    if len(found) > 1:
+                        print("Ambiguous fixer name. Choose a fully qualified "
+                              "module name instead from these:\n" +
+                              "\n".join("  " + myf for myf in found),
+                              file=sys.stderr)
+                        return 2
+                    elif len(found) == 0:
+                        print("Unknown fixer. Use --list-fixes or -l for a list.",
+                              file=sys.stderr)
+                        return 2
+                    explicit.add(found[0])
+        if len(explicit & unwanted_fixes) > 0:
+            print("Conflicting usage: the following fixers have been "
+                  "simultaneously requested and disallowed:\n" +
+                  "\n".join("  " + myf for myf in (explicit & unwanted_fixes)),
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        requested = avail_fixes.union(explicit) if all_present else explicit
+    else:
+        requested = avail_fixes.union(explicit)
+    fixer_names = (requested | extra_fixes) - unwanted_fixes
+
+    input_base_dir = os.path.commonprefix(args)
+    if (input_base_dir and not input_base_dir.endswith(os.sep)
+        and not os.path.isdir(input_base_dir)):
+        # One or more similar names were passed, their directory is the base.
+        # os.path.commonprefix() is ignorant of path elements, this corrects
+        # for that weird API.
+        input_base_dir = os.path.dirname(input_base_dir)
+    if options.output_dir:
+        input_base_dir = input_base_dir.rstrip(os.sep)
+        logger.info('Output in %r will mirror the input directory %r layout.',
+                    options.output_dir, input_base_dir)
+
+    # Initialize the refactoring tool
+    if future.utils.PY26:
+        extra_kwargs = {}
+    else:
+        extra_kwargs = {
+                        'append_suffix': options.add_suffix,
+                        'output_dir': options.output_dir,
+                        'input_base_dir': input_base_dir,
+                       }
+
+    rt = StdoutRefactoringTool(
+            sorted(fixer_names), flags, sorted(explicit),
+            options.nobackups, not options.no_diffs,
+            **extra_kwargs)
+
+    # Refactor all files and directories passed as arguments
+    if not rt.errors:
+        if refactor_stdin:
+            rt.refactor_stdin()
+        else:
+            try:
+                rt.refactor(args, options.write, None,
+                            options.processes)
+            except refactor.MultiprocessingUnsupported:
+                assert options.processes > 1
+                print("Sorry, -j isn't " \
+                      "supported on this platform.", file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        rt.summarize()
+
+    # Return error status (0 if rt.errors is zero)
+    return int(bool(rt.errors))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb1cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# empty to make this a package
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..905aec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import sys
+from lib2to3 import refactor
+
+# The original set of these fixes comes from lib3to2 (https://bitbucket.org/amentajo/lib3to2):
+fix_names = set([
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_add_all__future__imports',  # from __future__ import absolute_import etc. on separate lines
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_add_future_standard_library_import',  # we force adding this import for now, even if it doesn't seem necessary to the fix_future_standard_library fixer, for ease of testing
+                 # 'libfuturize.fixes.fix_order___future__imports',  # consolidates to a single line to simplify testing -- UNFINISHED
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_future_builtins',   # adds "from future.builtins import *"
+                 'libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library', # adds "from future import standard_library"
+
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_annotations',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_bitlength',  # ints have this in Py2.7
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_bool',    # need a decorator or Mixin
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_bytes',   # leave bytes as bytes
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_classdecorator',  # available in
+                 # Py2.6+
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_collections', hmmm ...
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_dctsetcomp',  # avail in Py27
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_division',   # yes
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_except',   # avail in Py2.6+
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_features',  # ?
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_fullargspec',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_funcattrs',
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_getcwd',
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_imports',   # adds "from future import standard_library"
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_imports2',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_input',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_int',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_intern',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_itertools',
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_kwargs',   # yes, we want this
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_memoryview',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_metaclass',  # write a custom handler for
+                 # this
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_methodattrs',  # __func__ and __self__ seem to be defined on Py2.7 already
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_newstyle',   # yes, we want this: explicit inheritance from object. Without new-style classes in Py2, super() will break etc.
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_next',   # use a decorator for this
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_numliterals',   # prob not
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_open',   # huh?
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_print',  # no way
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_printfunction',  # adds __future__ import print_function
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_raise_',   # TODO: get this working!
+
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_range',  # nope
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_reduce',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_setliteral',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_str',
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_super',  # maybe, if our magic super() isn't robust enough
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_throw',   # yes, if Py3 supports it
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_unittest',
+                 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_unpacking',  # yes, this is useful
+                 # 'libpasteurize.fixes.fix_with'      # way out of date
+                ])
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/feature_base.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/feature_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c36d9a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/feature_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+u"""
+Base classes for features that are backwards-incompatible.
+
+Usage:
+features = Features()
+features.add(Feature("py3k_feature", "power< 'py3k' any* >", "2.7"))
+PATTERN = features.PATTERN
+"""
+
+pattern_unformatted = u"%s=%s" # name=pattern, for dict lookups
+message_unformatted = u"""
+%s is only supported in Python %s and above."""
+
+class Feature(object):
+    u"""
+    A feature has a name, a pattern, and a minimum version of Python 2.x
+    required to use the feature (or 3.x if there is no backwards-compatible
+    version of 2.x)
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name, PATTERN, version):
+        self.name = name
+        self._pattern = PATTERN
+        self.version = version
+
+    def message_text(self):
+        u"""
+        Format the above text with the name and minimum version required.
+        """
+        return message_unformatted % (self.name, self.version)
+
+class Features(set):
+    u"""
+    A set of features that generates a pattern for the features it contains.
+    This set will act like a mapping in that we map names to patterns.
+    """
+    mapping = {}
+
+    def update_mapping(self):
+        u"""
+        Called every time we care about the mapping of names to features.
+        """
+        self.mapping = dict([(f.name, f) for f in iter(self)])
+
+    @property
+    def PATTERN(self):
+        u"""
+        Uses the mapping of names to features to return a PATTERN suitable
+        for using the lib2to3 patcomp.
+        """
+        self.update_mapping()
+        return u" |\n".join([pattern_unformatted % (f.name, f._pattern) for f in iter(self)])
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        u"""
+        Implement a simple mapping to get patterns from names.
+        """
+        return self.mapping[key]
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all__future__imports.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all__future__imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a151f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all__future__imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""
+Fixer for adding:
+
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from __future__ import division
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+This is done when converting from Py3 to both Py3/Py2.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import future_import
+
+class FixAddAllFutureImports(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "file_input"
+    run_order = 1
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        future_import(u"absolute_import", node)
+        future_import(u"division", node)
+        future_import(u"print_function", node)
+        future_import(u"unicode_literals", node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all_future_builtins.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all_future_builtins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22911ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_all_future_builtins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Adds this import line::
+
+    from builtins import (ascii, bytes, chr, dict, filter, hex, input,
+                          int, list, map, next, object, oct, open, pow,
+                          range, round, str, super, zip)
+
+to a module, irrespective of whether each definition is used.
+
+Adds these imports after any other imports (in an initial block of them).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+class FixAddAllFutureBuiltins(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "file_input"
+    run_order = 1
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        # import_str = """(ascii, bytes, chr, dict, filter, hex, input,
+        #                      int, list, map, next, object, oct, open, pow,
+        #                      range, round, str, super, zip)"""
+        touch_import_top(u'builtins', '*', node)
+
+        # builtins = """ascii bytes chr dict filter hex input
+        #                      int list map next object oct open pow
+        #                      range round str super zip"""
+        # for builtin in sorted(builtins.split(), reverse=True):
+        #     touch_import_top(u'builtins', builtin, node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_future_standard_library_import.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_future_standard_library_import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0778406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_add_future_standard_library_import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""
+For the ``future`` package.
+
+Adds this import line:
+
+    from future import standard_library
+
+after any __future__ imports but before any other imports. Doesn't actually
+change the imports to Py3 style.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+class FixAddFutureStandardLibraryImport(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    PATTERN = "file_input"
+    run_order = 8
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        # TODO: add a blank line between any __future__ imports and this?
+        touch_import_top(u'future', u'standard_library', node)
+        # TODO: also add standard_library.install_hooks()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_annotations.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_annotations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..884b674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_annotations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+u"""
+Fixer to remove function annotations
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import syms
+
+warning_text = u"Removing function annotations completely."
+
+def param_without_annotations(node):
+    return node.children[0]
+
+class FixAnnotations(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    warned = False
+
+    def warn_once(self, node, reason):
+        if not self.warned:
+            self.warned = True
+            self.warning(node, reason=reason)
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+              funcdef< 'def' any parameters< '(' [params=any] ')' > ['->' ret=any] ':' any* >
+              """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        u"""
+        This just strips annotations from the funcdef completely.
+        """
+        params = results.get(u"params")
+        ret = results.get(u"ret")
+        if ret is not None:
+            assert ret.prev_sibling.type == token.RARROW, u"Invalid return annotation"
+            self.warn_once(node, reason=warning_text)
+            ret.prev_sibling.remove()
+            ret.remove()
+        if params is None: return
+        if params.type == syms.typedargslist:
+            # more than one param in a typedargslist
+            for param in params.children:
+                if param.type == syms.tname:
+                    self.warn_once(node, reason=warning_text)
+                    param.replace(param_without_annotations(param))
+        elif params.type == syms.tname:
+            # one param
+            self.warn_once(node, reason=warning_text)
+            params.replace(param_without_annotations(params))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_division.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_division.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a04871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_division.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for division: from __future__ import division if needed
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import token, future_import
+
+def match_division(node):
+    u"""
+    __future__.division redefines the meaning of a single slash for division,
+    so we match that and only that.
+    """
+    slash = token.SLASH
+    return node.type == slash and not node.next_sibling.type == slash and \
+                                  not node.prev_sibling.type == slash
+
+class FixDivision(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    run_order = 4    # this seems to be ignored?
+
+    def match(self, node):
+        u"""
+        Since the tree needs to be fixed once and only once if and only if it
+        matches, then we can start discarding matches after we make the first.
+        """
+        return match_division(node)
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        future_import(u"division", node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_features.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_features.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52630f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_features.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+u"""
+Warn about features that are not present in Python 2.5, giving a message that
+points to the earliest version of Python 2.x (or 3.x, if none) that supports it
+"""
+
+from .feature_base import Feature, Features
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+
+FEATURES = [
+   #(FeatureName,
+   #    FeaturePattern,
+   # FeatureMinVersion,
+   #),
+    (u"memoryview",
+        u"power < 'memoryview' trailer < '(' any* ')' > any* >",
+     u"2.7",
+    ),
+    (u"numbers",
+        u"""import_from< 'from' 'numbers' 'import' any* > |
+           import_name< 'import' ('numbers' dotted_as_names< any* 'numbers' any* >) >""",
+     u"2.6",
+    ),
+    (u"abc",
+        u"""import_name< 'import' ('abc' dotted_as_names< any* 'abc' any* >) > |
+           import_from< 'from' 'abc' 'import' any* >""",
+     u"2.6",
+    ),
+    (u"io",
+        u"""import_name< 'import' ('io' dotted_as_names< any* 'io' any* >) > |
+           import_from< 'from' 'io' 'import' any* >""",
+     u"2.6",
+    ),
+    (u"bin",
+        u"power< 'bin' trailer< '(' any* ')' > any* >",
+     u"2.6",
+    ),
+    (u"formatting",
+        u"power< any trailer< '.' 'format' > trailer< '(' any* ')' > >",
+     u"2.6",
+    ),
+    (u"nonlocal",
+        u"global_stmt< 'nonlocal' any* >",
+     u"3.0",
+    ),
+    (u"with_traceback",
+        u"trailer< '.' 'with_traceback' >",
+     u"3.0",
+    ),
+]
+
+class FixFeatures(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    run_order = 9 # Wait until all other fixers have run to check for these
+
+    # To avoid spamming, we only want to warn for each feature once.
+    features_warned = set()
+
+    # Build features from the list above
+    features = Features([Feature(name, pattern, version) for \
+                                name, pattern, version in FEATURES])
+
+    PATTERN = features.PATTERN
+
+    def match(self, node):
+        to_ret = super(FixFeatures, self).match(node)
+        # We want the mapping only to tell us the node's specific information.
+        try:
+            del to_ret[u'node']
+        except Exception:
+            # We want it to delete the 'node' from the results
+            # if it's there, so we don't care if it fails for normal reasons.
+            pass
+        return to_ret
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        for feature_name in results:
+            if feature_name in self.features_warned:
+                continue
+            else:
+                curr_feature = self.features[feature_name]
+                if curr_feature.version >= u"3":
+                    fail = self.cannot_convert
+                else:
+                    fail = self.warning
+                fail(node, reason=curr_feature.message_text())
+                self.features_warned.add(feature_name)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_fullargspec.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_fullargspec.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bd37e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_fullargspec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for getfullargspec -> getargspec
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name
+
+warn_msg = u"some of the values returned by getfullargspec are not valid in Python 2 and have no equivalent."
+
+class FixFullargspec(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"'getfullargspec'"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        self.warning(node, warn_msg)
+        return Name(u"getargspec", prefix=node.prefix)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6849679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_future_builtins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""
+Adds this import line:
+
+    from builtins import XYZ
+
+for each of the functions XYZ that is used in the module.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols as syms
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, Call, in_special_context
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+# All builtins are:
+#     from future.builtins.iterators import (filter, map, zip)
+#     from future.builtins.misc import (ascii, chr, hex, input, isinstance, oct, open, round, super)
+#     from future.types import (bytes, dict, int, range, str)
+# We don't need isinstance any more.
+
+replaced_builtins = '''filter map zip
+                       ascii chr hex input next oct open round super
+                       bytes dict int range str'''.split()
+
+expression = '|'.join(["name='{0}'".format(name) for name in replaced_builtins])
+
+
+class FixFutureBuiltins(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+    BM_compatible = True
+    run_order = 9
+
+    # Currently we only match uses as a function. This doesn't match e.g.:
+    #     if isinstance(s, str):
+    #         ...
+    PATTERN = """
+              power<
+                 ({0}) trailer< '(' args=[any] ')' >
+              rest=any* >
+              """.format(expression)
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        name = results["name"]
+        touch_import_top(u'builtins', name.value, node)
+        # name.replace(Name(u"input", prefix=name.prefix))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_getcwd.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_getcwd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b7f002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_getcwd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for os.getcwd() -> os.getcwdu().
+Also warns about "from os import getcwd", suggesting the above form.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name
+
+class FixGetcwd(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+              power< 'os' trailer< dot='.' name='getcwd' > any* >
+              |
+              import_from< 'from' 'os' 'import' bad='getcwd' >
+              """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        if u"name" in results:
+            name = results[u"name"]
+            name.replace(Name(u"getcwdu", prefix=name.prefix))
+        elif u"bad" in results:
+            # Can't convert to getcwdu and then expect to catch every use.
+            self.cannot_convert(node, u"import os, use os.getcwd() instead.")
+            return
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(u"For some reason, the pattern matcher failed.")
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d6718f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for standard library imports renamed in Python 3
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, is_probably_builtin, Newline, does_tree_import
+from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols as syms
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.pytree import Node, Leaf
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+# from ..fixer_util import NameImport
+
+# used in simple_mapping_to_pattern()
+MAPPING = {u"reprlib": u"repr",
+           u"winreg": u"_winreg",
+           u"configparser": u"ConfigParser",
+           u"copyreg": u"copy_reg",
+           u"queue": u"Queue",
+           u"socketserver": u"SocketServer",
+           u"_markupbase": u"markupbase",
+           u"test.support": u"test.test_support",
+           u"dbm.bsd": u"dbhash",
+           u"dbm.ndbm": u"dbm",
+           u"dbm.dumb": u"dumbdbm",
+           u"dbm.gnu": u"gdbm",
+           u"html.parser": u"HTMLParser",
+           u"html.entities": u"htmlentitydefs",
+           u"http.client": u"httplib",
+           u"http.cookies": u"Cookie",
+           u"http.cookiejar": u"cookielib",
+#          "tkinter": "Tkinter",
+           u"tkinter.dialog": u"Dialog",
+           u"tkinter._fix": u"FixTk",
+           u"tkinter.scrolledtext": u"ScrolledText",
+           u"tkinter.tix": u"Tix",
+           u"tkinter.constants": u"Tkconstants",
+           u"tkinter.dnd": u"Tkdnd",
+           u"tkinter.__init__": u"Tkinter",
+           u"tkinter.colorchooser": u"tkColorChooser",
+           u"tkinter.commondialog": u"tkCommonDialog",
+           u"tkinter.font": u"tkFont",
+           u"tkinter.ttk": u"ttk",
+           u"tkinter.messagebox": u"tkMessageBox",
+           u"tkinter.turtle": u"turtle",
+           u"urllib.robotparser": u"robotparser",
+           u"xmlrpc.client": u"xmlrpclib",
+           u"builtins": u"__builtin__",
+}
+
+# generic strings to help build patterns
+# these variables mean (with http.client.HTTPConnection as an example):
+# name = http
+# attr = client
+# used = HTTPConnection
+# fmt_name is a formatted subpattern (simple_name_match or dotted_name_match)
+
+# helps match 'queue', as in 'from queue import ...'
+simple_name_match = u"name='%s'"
+# helps match 'client', to be used if client has been imported from http
+subname_match = u"attr='%s'"
+# helps match 'http.client', as in 'import urllib.request'
+dotted_name_match = u"dotted_name=dotted_name< %s '.' %s >"
+# helps match 'queue', as in 'queue.Queue(...)'
+power_onename_match = u"%s"
+# helps match 'http.client', as in 'http.client.HTTPConnection(...)'
+power_twoname_match = u"power< %s trailer< '.' %s > any* >"
+# helps match 'client.HTTPConnection', if 'client' has been imported from http
+power_subname_match = u"power< %s any* >"
+# helps match 'from http.client import HTTPConnection'
+from_import_match = u"from_import=import_from< 'from' %s 'import' imported=any >"
+# helps match 'from http import client'
+from_import_submod_match = u"from_import_submod=import_from< 'from' %s 'import' (%s | import_as_name< %s 'as' renamed=any > | import_as_names< any* (%s | import_as_name< %s 'as' renamed=any >) any* > ) >"
+# helps match 'import urllib.request'
+name_import_match = u"name_import=import_name< 'import' %s > | name_import=import_name< 'import' dotted_as_name< %s 'as' renamed=any > >"
+# helps match 'import http.client, winreg'
+multiple_name_import_match = u"name_import=import_name< 'import' dotted_as_names< names=any* > >"
+
+def all_patterns(name):
+    u"""
+    Accepts a string and returns a pattern of possible patterns involving that name
+    Called by simple_mapping_to_pattern for each name in the mapping it receives.
+    """
+
+    # i_ denotes an import-like node
+    # u_ denotes a node that appears to be a usage of the name
+    if u'.' in name:
+        name, attr = name.split(u'.', 1)
+        simple_name = simple_name_match % (name)
+        simple_attr = subname_match % (attr)
+        dotted_name = dotted_name_match % (simple_name, simple_attr)
+        i_from = from_import_match % (dotted_name)
+        i_from_submod = from_import_submod_match % (simple_name, simple_attr, simple_attr, simple_attr, simple_attr)
+        i_name = name_import_match % (dotted_name, dotted_name)
+        u_name = power_twoname_match % (simple_name, simple_attr)
+        u_subname = power_subname_match % (simple_attr)
+        return u' | \n'.join((i_name, i_from, i_from_submod, u_name, u_subname))
+    else:
+        simple_name = simple_name_match % (name)
+        i_name = name_import_match % (simple_name, simple_name)
+        i_from = from_import_match % (simple_name)
+        u_name = power_onename_match % (simple_name)
+        return u' | \n'.join((i_name, i_from, u_name))
+
+
+class FixImports(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u' | \n'.join([all_patterns(name) for name in MAPPING])
+    PATTERN = u' | \n'.join((PATTERN, multiple_name_import_match))
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        touch_import_top(u'future', u'standard_library', node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports2.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70444e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_imports2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for complicated imports
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, String, FromImport, Newline, Comma
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+TK_BASE_NAMES = (u'ACTIVE', u'ALL', u'ANCHOR', u'ARC',u'BASELINE', u'BEVEL', u'BOTH',
+                 u'BOTTOM', u'BROWSE', u'BUTT', u'CASCADE', u'CENTER', u'CHAR',
+                 u'CHECKBUTTON', u'CHORD', u'COMMAND', u'CURRENT', u'DISABLED',
+                 u'DOTBOX', u'E', u'END', u'EW', u'EXCEPTION', u'EXTENDED', u'FALSE',
+                 u'FIRST', u'FLAT', u'GROOVE', u'HIDDEN', u'HORIZONTAL', u'INSERT',
+                 u'INSIDE', u'LAST', u'LEFT', u'MITER', u'MOVETO', u'MULTIPLE', u'N',
+                 u'NE', u'NO', u'NONE', u'NORMAL', u'NS', u'NSEW', u'NUMERIC', u'NW',
+                 u'OFF', u'ON', u'OUTSIDE', u'PAGES', u'PIESLICE', u'PROJECTING',
+                 u'RADIOBUTTON', u'RAISED', u'READABLE', u'RIDGE', u'RIGHT',
+                 u'ROUND', u'S', u'SCROLL', u'SE', u'SEL', u'SEL_FIRST', u'SEL_LAST',
+                 u'SEPARATOR', u'SINGLE', u'SOLID', u'SUNKEN', u'SW', u'StringTypes',
+                 u'TOP', u'TRUE', u'TclVersion', u'TkVersion', u'UNDERLINE',
+                 u'UNITS', u'VERTICAL', u'W', u'WORD', u'WRITABLE', u'X', u'Y', u'YES',
+                 u'wantobjects')
+
+PY2MODULES = {
+              u'urllib2' : (
+                  u'AbstractBasicAuthHandler', u'AbstractDigestAuthHandler',
+                  u'AbstractHTTPHandler', u'BaseHandler', u'CacheFTPHandler',
+                  u'FTPHandler', u'FileHandler', u'HTTPBasicAuthHandler',
+                  u'HTTPCookieProcessor', u'HTTPDefaultErrorHandler',
+                  u'HTTPDigestAuthHandler', u'HTTPError', u'HTTPErrorProcessor',
+                  u'HTTPHandler', u'HTTPPasswordMgr',
+                  u'HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm', u'HTTPRedirectHandler',
+                  u'HTTPSHandler', u'OpenerDirector', u'ProxyBasicAuthHandler',
+                  u'ProxyDigestAuthHandler', u'ProxyHandler', u'Request',
+                  u'StringIO', u'URLError', u'UnknownHandler', u'addinfourl',
+                  u'build_opener', u'install_opener', u'parse_http_list',
+                  u'parse_keqv_list', u'randombytes', u'request_host', u'urlopen'),
+              u'urllib' : (
+                  u'ContentTooShortError', u'FancyURLopener',u'URLopener',
+                  u'basejoin', u'ftperrors', u'getproxies',
+                  u'getproxies_environment', u'localhost', u'pathname2url',
+                  u'quote', u'quote_plus', u'splitattr', u'splithost',
+                  u'splitnport', u'splitpasswd', u'splitport', u'splitquery',
+                  u'splittag', u'splittype', u'splituser', u'splitvalue',
+                  u'thishost', u'unquote', u'unquote_plus', u'unwrap',
+                  u'url2pathname', u'urlcleanup', u'urlencode', u'urlopen',
+                  u'urlretrieve',),
+              u'urlparse' : (
+                  u'parse_qs', u'parse_qsl', u'urldefrag', u'urljoin',
+                  u'urlparse', u'urlsplit', u'urlunparse', u'urlunsplit'),
+              u'dbm' : (
+                  u'ndbm', u'gnu', u'dumb'),
+              u'anydbm' : (
+                  u'error', u'open'),
+              u'whichdb' : (
+                  u'whichdb',),
+              u'BaseHTTPServer' : (
+                  u'BaseHTTPRequestHandler', u'HTTPServer'),
+              u'CGIHTTPServer' : (
+                  u'CGIHTTPRequestHandler',),
+              u'SimpleHTTPServer' : (
+                  u'SimpleHTTPRequestHandler',),
+              u'FileDialog' : TK_BASE_NAMES + (
+                  u'FileDialog', u'LoadFileDialog', u'SaveFileDialog',
+                  u'dialogstates', u'test'),
+              u'tkFileDialog' : (
+                  u'Directory', u'Open', u'SaveAs', u'_Dialog', u'askdirectory',
+                  u'askopenfile', u'askopenfilename', u'askopenfilenames',
+                  u'askopenfiles', u'asksaveasfile', u'asksaveasfilename'),
+              u'SimpleDialog' : TK_BASE_NAMES + (
+                  u'SimpleDialog',),
+              u'tkSimpleDialog' : TK_BASE_NAMES + (
+                  u'askfloat', u'askinteger', u'askstring', u'Dialog'),
+              u'SimpleXMLRPCServer' : (
+                  u'CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler', u'SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher',
+                  u'SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler', u'SimpleXMLRPCServer',
+                  u'list_public_methods', u'remove_duplicates',
+                  u'resolve_dotted_attribute'),
+              u'DocXMLRPCServer' : (
+                  u'DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler', u'DocXMLRPCRequestHandler',
+                  u'DocXMLRPCServer', u'ServerHTMLDoc',u'XMLRPCDocGenerator'),
+                }
+
+MAPPING = { u'urllib.request' :
+                (u'urllib2', u'urllib'),
+            u'urllib.error' :
+                (u'urllib2', u'urllib'),
+            u'urllib.parse' :
+                (u'urllib2', u'urllib', u'urlparse'),
+            u'dbm.__init__' :
+                (u'anydbm', u'whichdb'),
+            u'http.server' :
+                (u'CGIHTTPServer', u'SimpleHTTPServer', u'BaseHTTPServer'),
+            u'tkinter.filedialog' :
+                (u'tkFileDialog', u'FileDialog'),
+            u'tkinter.simpledialog' :
+                (u'tkSimpleDialog', u'SimpleDialog'),
+            u'xmlrpc.server' :
+                (u'DocXMLRPCServer', u'SimpleXMLRPCServer'),
+            }
+
+# helps match 'http', as in 'from http.server import ...'
+simple_name = u"name='%s'"
+# helps match 'server', as in 'from http.server import ...'
+simple_attr = u"attr='%s'"
+# helps match 'HTTPServer', as in 'from http.server import HTTPServer'
+simple_using = u"using='%s'"
+# helps match 'urllib.request', as in 'import urllib.request'
+dotted_name = u"dotted_name=dotted_name< %s '.' %s >"
+# helps match 'http.server', as in 'http.server.HTTPServer(...)'
+power_twoname = u"pow=power< %s trailer< '.' %s > trailer< '.' using=any > any* >"
+# helps match 'dbm.whichdb', as in 'dbm.whichdb(...)'
+power_onename = u"pow=power< %s trailer< '.' using=any > any* >"
+# helps match 'from http.server import HTTPServer'
+# also helps match 'from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler'
+# also helps match 'from http.server import *'
+from_import = u"from_import=import_from< 'from' %s 'import' (import_as_name< using=any 'as' renamed=any> | in_list=import_as_names< using=any* > | using='*' | using=NAME) >"
+# helps match 'import urllib.request'
+name_import = u"name_import=import_name< 'import' (%s | in_list=dotted_as_names< imp_list=any* >) >"
+
+#############
+# WON'T FIX #
+#############
+
+# helps match 'import urllib.request as name'
+name_import_rename = u"name_import_rename=dotted_as_name< %s 'as' renamed=any >"
+# helps match 'from http import server'
+from_import_rename = u"from_import_rename=import_from< 'from' %s 'import' (%s | import_as_name< %s 'as' renamed=any > | in_list=import_as_names< any* (%s | import_as_name< %s 'as' renamed=any >) any* >) >"
+
+
+def all_modules_subpattern():
+    u"""
+    Builds a pattern for all toplevel names
+    (urllib, http, etc)
+    """
+    names_dot_attrs = [mod.split(u".") for mod in MAPPING]
+    ret = u"( " + u" | ".join([dotted_name % (simple_name % (mod[0]),
+                                            simple_attr % (mod[1])) for mod in names_dot_attrs])
+    ret += u" | "
+    ret += u" | ".join([simple_name % (mod[0]) for mod in names_dot_attrs if mod[1] == u"__init__"]) + u" )"
+    return ret
+
+
+def build_import_pattern(mapping1, mapping2):
+    u"""
+    mapping1: A dict mapping py3k modules to all possible py2k replacements
+    mapping2: A dict mapping py2k modules to the things they do
+    This builds a HUGE pattern to match all ways that things can be imported
+    """
+    # py3k: urllib.request, py2k: ('urllib2', 'urllib')
+    yield from_import % (all_modules_subpattern())
+    for py3k, py2k in mapping1.items():
+        name, attr = py3k.split(u'.')
+        s_name = simple_name % (name)
+        s_attr = simple_attr % (attr)
+        d_name = dotted_name % (s_name, s_attr)
+        yield name_import % (d_name)
+        yield power_twoname % (s_name, s_attr)
+        if attr == u'__init__':
+            yield name_import % (s_name)
+            yield power_onename % (s_name)
+        yield name_import_rename % (d_name)
+        yield from_import_rename % (s_name, s_attr, s_attr, s_attr, s_attr)
+
+
+class FixImports2(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    run_order = 4
+
+    PATTERN = u" | \n".join(build_import_pattern(MAPPING, PY2MODULES))
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        touch_import_top(u'future', u'standard_library', node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_kwargs.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_kwargs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..290f991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_kwargs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for Python 3 function parameter syntax
+This fixer is rather sensitive to incorrect py3k syntax.
+"""
+
+# Note: "relevant" parameters are parameters following the first STAR in the list.
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import token, String, Newline, Comma, Name
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import indentation, suitify, DoubleStar
+
+_assign_template = u"%(name)s = %(kwargs)s['%(name)s']; del %(kwargs)s['%(name)s']"
+_if_template = u"if '%(name)s' in %(kwargs)s: %(assign)s"
+_else_template = u"else: %(name)s = %(default)s"
+_kwargs_default_name = u"_3to2kwargs"
+
+def gen_params(raw_params):
+    u"""
+    Generator that yields tuples of (name, default_value) for each parameter in the list
+    If no default is given, then it is default_value is None (not Leaf(token.NAME, 'None'))
+    """
+    assert raw_params[0].type == token.STAR and len(raw_params) > 2
+    curr_idx = 2 # the first place a keyword-only parameter name can be is index 2
+    max_idx = len(raw_params)
+    while curr_idx < max_idx:
+        curr_item = raw_params[curr_idx]
+        prev_item = curr_item.prev_sibling
+        if curr_item.type != token.NAME:
+            curr_idx += 1
+            continue
+        if prev_item is not None and prev_item.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
+            break
+        name = curr_item.value
+        nxt = curr_item.next_sibling
+        if nxt is not None and nxt.type == token.EQUAL:
+            default_value = nxt.next_sibling
+            curr_idx += 2
+        else:
+            default_value = None
+        yield (name, default_value)
+        curr_idx += 1
+
+def remove_params(raw_params, kwargs_default=_kwargs_default_name):
+    u"""
+    Removes all keyword-only args from the params list and a bare star, if any.
+    Does not add the kwargs dict if needed.
+    Returns True if more action is needed, False if not
+    (more action is needed if no kwargs dict exists)
+    """
+    assert raw_params[0].type == token.STAR
+    if raw_params[1].type == token.COMMA:
+        raw_params[0].remove()
+        raw_params[1].remove()
+        kw_params = raw_params[2:]
+    else:
+        kw_params = raw_params[3:]
+    for param in kw_params:
+        if param.type != token.DOUBLESTAR:
+            param.remove()
+        else:
+            return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+def needs_fixing(raw_params, kwargs_default=_kwargs_default_name):
+    u"""
+    Returns string with the name of the kwargs dict if the params after the first star need fixing
+    Otherwise returns empty string
+    """
+    found_kwargs = False
+    needs_fix = False
+
+    for t in raw_params[2:]:
+        if t.type == token.COMMA:
+            # Commas are irrelevant at this stage.
+            continue
+        elif t.type == token.NAME and not found_kwargs:
+            # Keyword-only argument: definitely need to fix.
+            needs_fix = True
+        elif t.type == token.NAME and found_kwargs:
+            # Return 'foobar' of **foobar, if needed.
+            return t.value if needs_fix else u''
+        elif t.type == token.DOUBLESTAR:
+            # Found either '*' from **foobar.
+            found_kwargs = True
+    else:
+        # Never found **foobar.  Return a synthetic name, if needed.
+        return kwargs_default if needs_fix else u''
+
+class FixKwargs(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    run_order = 7 # Run after function annotations are removed
+
+    PATTERN = u"funcdef< 'def' NAME parameters< '(' arglist=typedargslist< params=any* > ')' > ':' suite=any >"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        params_rawlist = results[u"params"]
+        for i, item in enumerate(params_rawlist):
+            if item.type == token.STAR:
+                params_rawlist = params_rawlist[i:]
+                break
+        else:
+            return
+        # params is guaranteed to be a list starting with *.
+        # if fixing is needed, there will be at least 3 items in this list:
+        # [STAR, COMMA, NAME] is the minimum that we need to worry about.
+        new_kwargs = needs_fixing(params_rawlist)
+        # new_kwargs is the name of the kwargs dictionary.
+        if not new_kwargs:
+            return
+        suitify(node)
+
+        # At this point, params_rawlist is guaranteed to be a list
+        # beginning with a star that includes at least one keyword-only param
+        # e.g., [STAR, NAME, COMMA, NAME, COMMA, DOUBLESTAR, NAME] or
+        # [STAR, COMMA, NAME], or [STAR, COMMA, NAME, COMMA, DOUBLESTAR, NAME]
+
+        # Anatomy of a funcdef: ['def', 'name', parameters, ':', suite]
+        # Anatomy of that suite: [NEWLINE, INDENT, first_stmt, all_other_stmts]
+        # We need to insert our new stuff before the first_stmt and change the
+        # first_stmt's prefix.
+
+        suite = node.children[4]
+        first_stmt = suite.children[2]
+        ident = indentation(first_stmt)
+
+        for name, default_value in gen_params(params_rawlist):
+            if default_value is None:
+                suite.insert_child(2, Newline())
+                suite.insert_child(2, String(_assign_template %{u'name':name, u'kwargs':new_kwargs}, prefix=ident))
+            else:
+                suite.insert_child(2, Newline())
+                suite.insert_child(2, String(_else_template %{u'name':name, u'default':default_value}, prefix=ident))
+                suite.insert_child(2, Newline())
+                suite.insert_child(2, String(_if_template %{u'assign':_assign_template %{u'name':name, u'kwargs':new_kwargs}, u'name':name, u'kwargs':new_kwargs}, prefix=ident))
+        first_stmt.prefix = ident
+        suite.children[2].prefix = u""
+
+        # Now, we need to fix up the list of params.
+
+        must_add_kwargs = remove_params(params_rawlist)
+        if must_add_kwargs:
+            arglist = results[u'arglist']
+            if len(arglist.children) > 0 and arglist.children[-1].type != token.COMMA:
+                arglist.append_child(Comma())
+            arglist.append_child(DoubleStar(prefix=u" "))
+            arglist.append_child(Name(new_kwargs))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_memoryview.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_memoryview.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a20f6f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_memoryview.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for memoryview(s) -> buffer(s).
+Explicit because some memoryview methods are invalid on buffer objects.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name
+
+
+class FixMemoryview(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    explicit = True # User must specify that they want this.
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+              power< name='memoryview' trailer< '(' [any] ')' >
+              rest=any* >
+              """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        name = results[u"name"]
+        name.replace(Name(u"buffer", prefix=name.prefix))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52dd1d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_metaclass.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for (metaclass=X) -> __metaclass__ = X
+Some semantics (see PEP 3115) may be altered in the translation."""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, syms, Node, Leaf, Newline, find_root
+from lib2to3.pygram import token
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import indentation, suitify
+# from ..fixer_util import Name, syms, Node, Leaf, Newline, find_root, indentation, suitify
+
+def has_metaclass(parent):
+    results = None
+    for node in parent.children:
+        kids = node.children
+        if node.type == syms.argument:
+            if kids[0] == Leaf(token.NAME, u"metaclass") and \
+                kids[1] == Leaf(token.EQUAL, u"=") and \
+                kids[2]:
+                #Hack to avoid "class X(=):" with this case.
+                results = [node] + kids
+                break
+        elif node.type == syms.arglist:
+            # Argument list... loop through it looking for:
+            # Node(*, [*, Leaf(token.NAME, u"metaclass"), Leaf(token.EQUAL, u"="), Leaf(*, *)]
+            for child in node.children:
+                if results: break
+                if child.type == token.COMMA:
+                    #Store the last comma, which precedes the metaclass
+                    comma = child
+                elif type(child) == Node:
+                    meta = equal = name = None
+                    for arg in child.children:
+                        if arg == Leaf(token.NAME, u"metaclass"):
+                            #We have the (metaclass) part
+                            meta = arg
+                        elif meta and arg == Leaf(token.EQUAL, u"="):
+                            #We have the (metaclass=) part
+                            equal = arg
+                        elif meta and equal:
+                            #Here we go, we have (metaclass=X)
+                            name = arg
+                            results = (comma, meta, equal, name)
+                            break
+    return results
+
+
+class FixMetaclass(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+    classdef<any*>
+    """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        meta_results = has_metaclass(node)
+        if not meta_results: return
+        for meta in meta_results:
+            meta.remove()
+        target = Leaf(token.NAME, u"__metaclass__")
+        equal = Leaf(token.EQUAL, u"=", prefix=u" ")
+        # meta is the last item in what was returned by has_metaclass(): name
+        name = meta
+        name.prefix = u" "
+        stmt_node = Node(syms.atom, [target, equal, name])
+
+        suitify(node)
+        for item in node.children:
+            if item.type == syms.suite:
+                for stmt in item.children:
+                    if stmt.type == token.INDENT:
+                        # Insert, in reverse order, the statement, a newline,
+                        # and an indent right after the first indented line
+                        loc = item.children.index(stmt) + 1
+                        # Keep consistent indentation form
+                        ident = Leaf(token.INDENT, stmt.value)
+                        item.insert_child(loc, ident)
+                        item.insert_child(loc, Newline())
+                        item.insert_child(loc, stmt_node)
+                        break
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_newstyle.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_newstyle.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc6b3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_newstyle.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for "class Foo: ..." -> "class Foo(object): ..."
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import LParen, RParen, Name
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import touch_import_top
+
+
+def insert_object(node, idx):
+    node.insert_child(idx, RParen())
+    node.insert_child(idx, Name(u"object"))
+    node.insert_child(idx, LParen())
+
+class FixNewstyle(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    # Match:
+    #   class Blah:
+    # and:
+    #   class Blah():
+
+    PATTERN = u"classdef< 'class' NAME ['(' ')'] colon=':' any >"
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        colon = results[u"colon"]
+        idx = node.children.index(colon)
+        if (node.children[idx-2].value == '(' and
+            node.children[idx-1].value == ')'):
+            del node.children[idx-2:idx]
+            idx -= 2
+        insert_object(node, idx)
+        touch_import_top(u'builtins', 'object', node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_next.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_next.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ecb6c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_next.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for:
+it.__next__() -> it.next().
+next(it) -> it.next().
+"""
+
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.pygram import python_symbols as syms
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Name, Call, find_binding, Attr
+
+bind_warning = u"Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed by global binding"
+
+
+class FixNext(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+    power< base=any+ trailer< '.' attr='__next__' > any* >
+    |
+    power< head='next' trailer< '(' arg=any ')' > any* >
+    |
+    classdef< 'class' base=any+ ':'
+              suite< any*
+                     funcdef< 'def'
+                              attr='__next__'
+                              parameters< '(' NAME ')' > any+ >
+                     any* > >
+    """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        assert results
+
+        base = results.get(u"base")
+        attr = results.get(u"attr")
+        head = results.get(u"head")
+        arg_ = results.get(u"arg")
+        if arg_:
+            arg = arg_.clone()
+            head.replace(Attr(Name(unicode(arg),prefix=head.prefix),
+                              Name(u"next")))
+            arg_.remove()
+        elif base:
+            attr.replace(Name(u"next", prefix=attr.prefix))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_printfunction.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_printfunction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2a6e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_printfunction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for print: from __future__ import print_function.
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import future_import
+
+class FixPrintfunction(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    # explicit = True
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+              power< 'print' trailer < '(' any* ')' > any* >
+              """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        future_import(u"print_function", node)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c9c192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+u"""Fixer for 'raise E(V).with_traceback(T)' -> 'raise E, V, T'"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Comma, Node, Leaf, token, syms
+
+class FixRaise(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+    raise_stmt< 'raise' (power< name=any [trailer< '(' val=any* ')' >]
+        [trailer< '.' 'with_traceback' > trailer< '(' trc=any ')' >] > | any) ['from' chain=any] >"""
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        name, val, trc = (results.get(u"name"), results.get(u"val"), results.get(u"trc"))
+        chain = results.get(u"chain")
+        if chain is not None:
+            self.warning(node, u"explicit exception chaining is not supported in Python 2")
+            chain.prev_sibling.remove()
+            chain.remove()
+        if trc is not None:
+            val = val[0] if val else Leaf(token.NAME, u"None")
+            val.prefix = trc.prefix = u" "
+            kids = [Leaf(token.NAME, u"raise"), name.clone(), Comma(),
+                    val.clone(), Comma(), trc.clone()]
+            raise_stmt = Node(syms.raise_stmt, kids)
+            node.replace(raise_stmt)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise_.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise_.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f020c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_raise_.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+u"""Fixer for
+              raise E(V).with_traceback(T)
+    to:
+              from future.utils import raise_
+              ...
+              raise_(E, V, T)
+
+TODO: FIXME!!
+
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Comma, Node, Leaf, token, syms
+
+class FixRaise(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+    raise_stmt< 'raise' (power< name=any [trailer< '(' val=any* ')' >]
+        [trailer< '.' 'with_traceback' > trailer< '(' trc=any ')' >] > | any) ['from' chain=any] >"""
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        FIXME
+        name, val, trc = (results.get(u"name"), results.get(u"val"), results.get(u"trc"))
+        chain = results.get(u"chain")
+        if chain is not None:
+            self.warning(node, u"explicit exception chaining is not supported in Python 2")
+            chain.prev_sibling.remove()
+            chain.remove()
+        if trc is not None:
+            val = val[0] if val else Leaf(token.NAME, u"None")
+            val.prefix = trc.prefix = u" "
+            kids = [Leaf(token.NAME, u"raise"), name.clone(), Comma(),
+                    val.clone(), Comma(), trc.clone()]
+            raise_stmt = Node(syms.raise_stmt, kids)
+            node.replace(raise_stmt)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_throw.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_throw.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0feed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_throw.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+u"""Fixer for 'g.throw(E(V).with_traceback(T))' -> 'g.throw(E, V, T)'"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from lib2to3.pytree import Node, Leaf
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import token
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import Comma
+
+class FixThrow(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+    power< any trailer< '.' 'throw' >
+        trailer< '(' args=power< exc=any trailer< '(' val=any* ')' >
+        trailer< '.' 'with_traceback' > trailer< '(' trc=any ')' > > ')' > >
+    """
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        syms = self.syms
+        exc, val, trc = (results[u"exc"], results[u"val"], results[u"trc"])
+        val = val[0] if val else Leaf(token.NAME, u"None")
+        val.prefix = trc.prefix = u" "
+        kids = [exc.clone(), Comma(), val.clone(), Comma(), trc.clone()]
+        args = results[u"args"]
+        args.children = kids
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_unpacking.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_unpacking.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2d3207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/fixes/fix_unpacking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+u"""
+Fixer for:
+(a,)* *b (,c)* [,] = s
+for (a,)* *b (,c)* [,] in d: ...
+"""
+
+from lib2to3 import fixer_base
+from itertools import count
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import (Assign, Comma, Call, Newline, Name,
+                                Number, token, syms, Node, Leaf)
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import indentation, suitify, commatize
+# from libfuturize.fixer_util import Assign, Comma, Call, Newline, Name, Number, indentation, suitify, commatize, token, syms, Node, Leaf
+
+def assignment_source(num_pre, num_post, LISTNAME, ITERNAME):
+    u"""
+    Accepts num_pre and num_post, which are counts of values
+    before and after the starg (not including the starg)
+    Returns a source fit for Assign() from fixer_util
+    """
+    children = []
+    pre = unicode(num_pre)
+    post = unicode(num_post)
+    # This code builds the assignment source from lib2to3 tree primitives.
+    # It's not very readable, but it seems like the most correct way to do it.
+    if num_pre > 0:
+        pre_part = Node(syms.power, [Name(LISTNAME), Node(syms.trailer, [Leaf(token.LSQB, u"["), Node(syms.subscript, [Leaf(token.COLON, u":"), Number(pre)]), Leaf(token.RSQB, u"]")])])
+        children.append(pre_part)
+        children.append(Leaf(token.PLUS, u"+", prefix=u" "))
+    main_part = Node(syms.power, [Leaf(token.LSQB, u"[", prefix=u" "), Name(LISTNAME), Node(syms.trailer, [Leaf(token.LSQB, u"["), Node(syms.subscript, [Number(pre) if num_pre > 0 else Leaf(1, u""), Leaf(token.COLON, u":"), Node(syms.factor, [Leaf(token.MINUS, u"-"), Number(post)]) if num_post > 0 else Leaf(1, u"")]), Leaf(token.RSQB, u"]"), Leaf(token.RSQB, u"]")])])
+    children.append(main_part)
+    if num_post > 0:
+        children.append(Leaf(token.PLUS, u"+", prefix=u" "))
+        post_part = Node(syms.power, [Name(LISTNAME, prefix=u" "), Node(syms.trailer, [Leaf(token.LSQB, u"["), Node(syms.subscript, [Node(syms.factor, [Leaf(token.MINUS, u"-"), Number(post)]), Leaf(token.COLON, u":")]), Leaf(token.RSQB, u"]")])])
+        children.append(post_part)
+    source = Node(syms.arith_expr, children)
+    return source
+
+class FixUnpacking(fixer_base.BaseFix):
+
+    PATTERN = u"""
+    expl=expr_stmt< testlist_star_expr<
+        pre=(any ',')*
+            star_expr< '*' name=NAME >
+        post=(',' any)* [','] > '=' source=any > |
+    impl=for_stmt< 'for' lst=exprlist<
+        pre=(any ',')*
+            star_expr< '*' name=NAME >
+        post=(',' any)* [','] > 'in' it=any ':' suite=any>"""
+
+    def fix_explicit_context(self, node, results):
+        pre, name, post, source = (results.get(n) for n in (u"pre", u"name", u"post", u"source"))
+        pre = [n.clone() for n in pre if n.type == token.NAME]
+        name.prefix = u" "
+        post = [n.clone() for n in post if n.type == token.NAME]
+        target = [n.clone() for n in commatize(pre + [name.clone()] + post)]
+        # to make the special-case fix for "*z, = ..." correct with the least
+        # amount of modification, make the left-side into a guaranteed tuple
+        target.append(Comma())
+        source.prefix = u""
+        setup_line = Assign(Name(self.LISTNAME), Call(Name(u"list"), [source.clone()]))
+        power_line = Assign(target, assignment_source(len(pre), len(post), self.LISTNAME, self.ITERNAME))
+        return setup_line, power_line
+
+    def fix_implicit_context(self, node, results):
+        u"""
+        Only example of the implicit context is
+        a for loop, so only fix that.
+        """
+        pre, name, post, it = (results.get(n) for n in (u"pre", u"name", u"post", u"it"))
+        pre = [n.clone() for n in pre if n.type == token.NAME]
+        name.prefix = u" "
+        post = [n.clone() for n in post if n.type == token.NAME]
+        target = [n.clone() for n in commatize(pre + [name.clone()] + post)]
+        # to make the special-case fix for "*z, = ..." correct with the least
+        # amount of modification, make the left-side into a guaranteed tuple
+        target.append(Comma())
+        source = it.clone()
+        source.prefix = u""
+        setup_line = Assign(Name(self.LISTNAME), Call(Name(u"list"), [Name(self.ITERNAME)]))
+        power_line = Assign(target, assignment_source(len(pre), len(post), self.LISTNAME, self.ITERNAME))
+        return setup_line, power_line
+
+    def transform(self, node, results):
+        u"""
+        a,b,c,d,e,f,*g,h,i = range(100) changes to
+        _3to2list = list(range(100))
+        a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i, = _3to2list[:6] + [_3to2list[6:-2]] + _3to2list[-2:]
+
+        and
+
+        for a,b,*c,d,e in iter_of_iters: do_stuff changes to
+        for _3to2iter in iter_of_iters:
+            _3to2list = list(_3to2iter)
+            a,b,c,d,e, = _3to2list[:2] + [_3to2list[2:-2]] + _3to2list[-2:]
+            do_stuff
+        """
+        self.LISTNAME = self.new_name(u"_3to2list")
+        self.ITERNAME = self.new_name(u"_3to2iter")
+        expl, impl = results.get(u"expl"), results.get(u"impl")
+        if expl is not None:
+            setup_line, power_line = self.fix_explicit_context(node, results)
+            setup_line.prefix = expl.prefix
+            power_line.prefix = indentation(expl.parent)
+            setup_line.append_child(Newline())
+            parent = node.parent
+            i = node.remove()
+            parent.insert_child(i, power_line)
+            parent.insert_child(i, setup_line)
+        elif impl is not None:
+            setup_line, power_line = self.fix_implicit_context(node, results)
+            suitify(node)
+            suite = [k for k in node.children if k.type == syms.suite][0]
+            setup_line.prefix = u""
+            power_line.prefix = suite.children[1].value
+            suite.children[2].prefix = indentation(suite.children[2])
+            suite.insert_child(2, Newline())
+            suite.insert_child(2, power_line)
+            suite.insert_child(2, Newline())
+            suite.insert_child(2, setup_line)
+            results.get(u"lst").replace(Name(self.ITERNAME, prefix=u" "))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/main.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/main.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4179174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/libpasteurize/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+"""
+pasteurize: automatic conversion of Python 3 code to clean 2/3 code
+===================================================================
+
+``pasteurize`` attempts to convert existing Python 3 code into source-compatible
+Python 2 and 3 code.
+
+Use it like this on Python 3 code:
+
+  $ pasteurize --verbose mypython3script.py
+
+This removes any Py3-only syntax (e.g. new metaclasses) and adds these
+import lines:
+
+    from __future__ import absolute_import
+    from __future__ import division
+    from __future__ import print_function
+    from __future__ import unicode_literals
+    from future import standard_library
+    standard_library.install_hooks()
+    from builtins import *
+
+To write changes to the files, use the -w flag.
+
+It also adds any other wrappers needed for Py2/3 compatibility.
+
+Note that separate stages are not available (or needed) when converting from
+Python 3 with ``pasteurize`` as they are when converting from Python 2 with
+``futurize``.
+
+The --all-imports option forces adding all ``__future__`` imports,
+``builtins`` imports, and standard library aliases, even if they don't
+seem necessary for the current state of each module. (This can simplify
+testing, and can reduce the need to think about Py2 compatibility when editing
+the code further.)
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals)
+
+import sys
+import logging
+import optparse
+from lib2to3.main import main, warn, StdoutRefactoringTool
+from lib2to3 import refactor
+
+from future import __version__
+from libpasteurize.fixes import fix_names
+
+
+def main(args=None):
+    """Main program.
+
+    Returns a suggested exit status (0, 1, 2).
+    """
+    # Set up option parser
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage="pasteurize [options] file|dir ...")
+    parser.add_option("-V", "--version", action="store_true",
+                      help="Report the version number of pasteurize")
+    parser.add_option("-a", "--all-imports", action="store_true",
+                      help="Adds all __future__ and future imports to each module")
+    parser.add_option("-f", "--fix", action="append", default=[],
+                      help="Each FIX specifies a transformation; default: all")
+    parser.add_option("-j", "--processes", action="store", default=1,
+                      type="int", help="Run 2to3 concurrently")
+    parser.add_option("-x", "--nofix", action="append", default=[],
+                      help="Prevent a fixer from being run.")
+    parser.add_option("-l", "--list-fixes", action="store_true",
+                      help="List available transformations")
+    # parser.add_option("-p", "--print-function", action="store_true",
+    #                   help="Modify the grammar so that print() is a function")
+    parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true",
+                      help="More verbose logging")
+    parser.add_option("--no-diffs", action="store_true",
+                      help="Don't show diffs of the refactoring")
+    parser.add_option("-w", "--write", action="store_true",
+                      help="Write back modified files")
+    parser.add_option("-n", "--nobackups", action="store_true", default=False,
+                      help="Don't write backups for modified files.")
+
+    # Parse command line arguments
+    refactor_stdin = False
+    flags = {}
+    options, args = parser.parse_args(args)
+    fixer_pkg = 'libpasteurize.fixes'
+    avail_fixes = fix_names
+    flags["print_function"] = True
+
+    if not options.write and options.no_diffs:
+        warn("not writing files and not printing diffs; that's not very useful")
+    if not options.write and options.nobackups:
+        parser.error("Can't use -n without -w")
+    if options.version:
+        print(__version__)
+        return 0
+    if options.list_fixes:
+        print("Available transformations for the -f/--fix option:")
+        for fixname in sorted(avail_fixes):
+            print(fixname)
+        if not args:
+            return 0
+    if not args:
+        print("At least one file or directory argument required.",
+              file=sys.stderr)
+        print("Use --help to show usage.", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+    if "-" in args:
+        refactor_stdin = True
+        if options.write:
+            print("Can't write to stdin.", file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+
+    # Set up logging handler
+    level = logging.DEBUG if options.verbose else logging.INFO
+    logging.basicConfig(format='%(name)s: %(message)s', level=level)
+
+    unwanted_fixes = set()
+    for fix in options.nofix:
+        if ".fix_" in fix:
+            unwanted_fixes.add(fix)
+        else:
+            # Infer the full module name for the fixer.
+            # First ensure that no names clash (e.g.
+            # lib2to3.fixes.fix_blah and libfuturize.fixes.fix_blah):
+            found = [f for f in avail_fixes
+                     if f.endswith('fix_{0}'.format(fix))]
+            if len(found) > 1:
+                print("Ambiguous fixer name. Choose a fully qualified "
+                      "module name instead from these:\n" +
+                      "\n".join("  " + myf for myf in found),
+                      file=sys.stderr)
+                return 2
+            elif len(found) == 0:
+                print("Unknown fixer. Use --list-fixes or -l for a list.",
+                      file=sys.stderr)
+                return 2
+            unwanted_fixes.add(found[0])
+
+    extra_fixes = set()
+    if options.all_imports:
+        prefix = 'libpasteurize.fixes.'
+        extra_fixes.add(prefix + 'fix_add_all__future__imports')
+        extra_fixes.add(prefix + 'fix_add_future_standard_library_import')
+        extra_fixes.add(prefix + 'fix_add_all_future_builtins')
+
+    explicit = set()
+    if options.fix:
+        all_present = False
+        for fix in options.fix:
+            if fix == 'all':
+                all_present = True
+            else:
+                if ".fix_" in fix:
+                    explicit.add(fix)
+                else:
+                    # Infer the full module name for the fixer.
+                    # First ensure that no names clash (e.g.
+                    # lib2to3.fixes.fix_blah and libpasteurize.fixes.fix_blah):
+                    found = [f for f in avail_fixes
+                             if f.endswith('fix_{0}'.format(fix))]
+                    if len(found) > 1:
+                        print("Ambiguous fixer name. Choose a fully qualified "
+                              "module name instead from these:\n" +
+                              "\n".join("  " + myf for myf in found),
+                              file=sys.stderr)
+                        return 2
+                    elif len(found) == 0:
+                        print("Unknown fixer. Use --list-fixes or -l for a list.",
+                              file=sys.stderr)
+                        return 2
+                    explicit.add(found[0])
+        if len(explicit & unwanted_fixes) > 0:
+            print("Conflicting usage: the following fixers have been "
+                  "simultaneously requested and disallowed:\n" +
+                  "\n".join("  " + myf for myf in (explicit & unwanted_fixes)),
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            return 2
+        requested = avail_fixes.union(explicit) if all_present else explicit
+    else:
+        requested = avail_fixes.union(explicit)
+
+    fixer_names = requested | extra_fixes - unwanted_fixes
+
+    # Initialize the refactoring tool
+    rt = StdoutRefactoringTool(sorted(fixer_names), flags, set(),
+                               options.nobackups, not options.no_diffs)
+
+    # Refactor all files and directories passed as arguments
+    if not rt.errors:
+        if refactor_stdin:
+            rt.refactor_stdin()
+        else:
+            try:
+                rt.refactor(args, options.write, None,
+                            options.processes)
+            except refactor.MultiprocessingUnsupported:
+                assert options.processes > 1
+                print("Sorry, -j isn't " \
+                      "supported on this platform.", file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+        rt.summarize()
+
+    # Return error status (0 if rt.errors is zero)
+    return int(bool(rt.errors))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1471303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# coding=utf-8
+"""
+past: compatibility with Python 2 from Python 3
+===============================================
+
+``past`` is a package to aid with Python 2/3 compatibility. Whereas ``future``
+contains backports of Python 3 constructs to Python 2, ``past`` provides
+implementations of some Python 2 constructs in Python 3 and tools to import and
+run Python 2 code in Python 3. It is intended to be used sparingly, as a way of
+running old Python 2 code from Python 3 until the code is ported properly.
+
+Potential uses for libraries:
+
+- as a step in porting a Python 2 codebase to Python 3 (e.g. with the ``futurize`` script)
+- to provide Python 3 support for previously Python 2-only libraries with the
+  same APIs as on Python 2 -- particularly with regard to 8-bit strings (the
+  ``past.builtins.str`` type).
+- to aid in providing minimal-effort Python 3 support for applications using
+  libraries that do not yet wish to upgrade their code properly to Python 3, or
+  wish to upgrade it gradually to Python 3 style.
+
+
+Here are some code examples that run identically on Python 3 and 2::
+
+    >>> from past.builtins import str as oldstr
+
+    >>> philosopher = oldstr(u'\u5b54\u5b50'.encode('utf-8'))
+    >>> # This now behaves like a Py2 byte-string on both Py2 and Py3.
+    >>> # For example, indexing returns a Python 2-like string object, not
+    >>> # an integer:
+    >>> philosopher[0]
+    '\xe5'
+    >>> type(philosopher[0])
+    <past.builtins.oldstr>
+
+    >>> # List-producing versions of range, reduce, map, filter
+    >>> from past.builtins import range, reduce
+    >>> range(10)
+    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+    >>> reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+    15
+
+    >>> # Other functions removed in Python 3 are resurrected ...
+    >>> from past.builtins import execfile
+    >>> execfile('myfile.py')
+
+    >>> from past.builtins import raw_input
+    >>> name = raw_input('What is your name? ')
+    What is your name? [cursor]
+
+    >>> from past.builtins import reload
+    >>> reload(mymodule)   # equivalent to imp.reload(mymodule) in Python 3
+
+    >>> from past.builtins import xrange
+    >>> for i in xrange(10):
+    ...     pass
+
+
+It also provides import hooks so you can import and use Python 2 modules like
+this::
+
+    $ python3
+
+    >>> from past.translation import autotranslate
+    >>> authotranslate('mypy2module')
+    >>> import mypy2module
+
+until the authors of the Python 2 modules have upgraded their code. Then, for
+example::
+
+    >>> mypy2module.func_taking_py2_string(oldstr(b'abcd'))
+
+
+Credits
+-------
+
+:Author:  Ed Schofield, Jordan M. Adler, et al
+:Sponsor: Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia: http://pythoncharmers.com
+
+
+Licensing
+---------
+Copyright 2013-2019 Python Charmers Pty Ltd, Australia.
+The software is distributed under an MIT licence. See LICENSE.txt.
+"""
+
+from future import __version__, __copyright__, __license__
+
+__title__ = 'past'
+__author__ = 'Ed Schofield'
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b19e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""
+A resurrection of some old functions from Python 2 for use in Python 3. These
+should be used sparingly, to help with porting efforts, since code using them
+is no longer standard Python 3 code.
+
+This module provides the following:
+
+1. Implementations of these builtin functions which have no equivalent on Py3:
+
+- apply
+- chr
+- cmp
+- execfile
+
+2. Aliases:
+
+- intern <- sys.intern
+- raw_input <- input
+- reduce <- functools.reduce
+- reload <- imp.reload
+- unichr <- chr
+- unicode <- str
+- xrange <- range
+
+3. List-producing versions of the corresponding Python 3 iterator-producing functions:
+
+- filter
+- map
+- range
+- zip
+
+4. Forward-ported Py2 types:
+
+- basestring
+- dict
+- str
+- long
+- unicode
+
+"""
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+from past.builtins.noniterators import (filter, map, range, reduce, zip)
+# from past.builtins.misc import (ascii, hex, input, oct, open)
+if PY3:
+    from past.types import (basestring,
+                            olddict as dict,
+                            oldstr as str,
+                            long,
+                            unicode)
+else:
+    from __builtin__ import (basestring, dict, str, long, unicode)
+
+from past.builtins.misc import (apply, chr, cmp, execfile, intern, oct,
+                                raw_input, reload, unichr, unicode, xrange)
+from past import utils
+
+
+if utils.PY3:
+    # We only import names that shadow the builtins on Py3. No other namespace
+    # pollution on Py3.
+
+    # Only shadow builtins on Py3; no new names
+    __all__ = ['filter', 'map', 'range', 'reduce', 'zip',
+               'basestring', 'dict', 'str', 'long', 'unicode',
+               'apply', 'chr', 'cmp', 'execfile', 'intern', 'raw_input',
+               'reload', 'unichr', 'xrange'
+              ]
+
+else:
+    # No namespace pollution on Py2
+    __all__ = []
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/misc.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/misc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba50aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/misc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import inspect
+
+from future.utils import PY2, PY3, exec_
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Mapping
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+if PY3:
+    import builtins
+    from collections.abc import Mapping
+
+    def apply(f, *args, **kw):
+        return f(*args, **kw)
+
+    from past.builtins import str as oldstr
+
+    def chr(i):
+        """
+        Return a byte-string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i <= 256
+        """
+        return oldstr(bytes((i,)))
+
+    def cmp(x, y):
+        """
+        cmp(x, y) -> integer
+
+        Return negative if x<y, zero if x==y, positive if x>y.
+        """
+        return (x > y) - (x < y)
+
+    from sys import intern
+
+    def oct(number):
+        """oct(number) -> string
+
+        Return the octal representation of an integer
+        """
+        return '0' + builtins.oct(number)[2:]
+
+    raw_input = input
+    from imp import reload
+    unicode = str
+    unichr = chr
+    xrange = range
+else:
+    import __builtin__
+    from collections import Mapping
+    apply = __builtin__.apply
+    chr = __builtin__.chr
+    cmp = __builtin__.cmp
+    execfile = __builtin__.execfile
+    intern = __builtin__.intern
+    oct = __builtin__.oct
+    raw_input = __builtin__.raw_input
+    reload = __builtin__.reload
+    unicode = __builtin__.unicode
+    unichr = __builtin__.unichr
+    xrange = __builtin__.xrange
+
+
+if PY3:
+    def execfile(filename, myglobals=None, mylocals=None):
+        """
+        Read and execute a Python script from a file in the given namespaces.
+        The globals and locals are dictionaries, defaulting to the current
+        globals and locals. If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
+        """
+        if myglobals is None:
+            # There seems to be no alternative to frame hacking here.
+            caller_frame = inspect.stack()[1]
+            myglobals = caller_frame[0].f_globals
+            mylocals = caller_frame[0].f_locals
+        elif mylocals is None:
+            # Only if myglobals is given do we set mylocals to it.
+            mylocals = myglobals
+        if not isinstance(myglobals, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError('globals must be a mapping')
+        if not isinstance(mylocals, Mapping):
+            raise TypeError('locals must be a mapping')
+        with open(filename, "rb") as fin:
+             source = fin.read()
+        code = compile(source, filename, "exec")
+        exec_(code, myglobals, mylocals)
+
+
+if PY3:
+    __all__ = ['apply', 'chr', 'cmp', 'execfile', 'intern', 'raw_input',
+               'reload', 'unichr', 'unicode', 'xrange']
+else:
+    __all__ = []
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/noniterators.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/noniterators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..183ffff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/builtins/noniterators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+"""
+This module is designed to be used as follows::
+
+    from past.builtins.noniterators import filter, map, range, reduce, zip
+
+And then, for example::
+
+    assert isinstance(range(5), list)
+
+The list-producing functions this brings in are::
+
+- ``filter``
+- ``map``
+- ``range``
+- ``reduce``
+- ``zip``
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import division, absolute_import, print_function
+
+from itertools import chain, starmap
+import itertools       # since zip_longest doesn't exist on Py2
+from past.types import basestring
+from past.utils import PY3
+
+
+def flatmap(f, items):
+    return chain.from_iterable(map(f, items))
+
+
+if PY3:
+    import builtins
+
+    # list-producing versions of the major Python iterating functions
+    def oldfilter(*args):
+        """
+        filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string
+
+        Return those items of sequence for which function(item) is true.
+        If function is None, return the items that are true.  If sequence
+        is a tuple or string, return the same type, else return a list.
+        """
+        mytype = type(args[1])
+        if isinstance(args[1], basestring):
+            return mytype().join(builtins.filter(*args))
+        elif isinstance(args[1], (tuple, list)):
+            return mytype(builtins.filter(*args))
+        else:
+            # Fall back to list. Is this the right thing to do?
+            return list(builtins.filter(*args))
+
+    # This is surprisingly difficult to get right. For example, the
+    # solutions here fail with the test cases in the docstring below:
+    # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8072755/
+    def oldmap(func, *iterables):
+        """
+        map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list
+
+        Return a list of the results of applying the function to the
+        items of the argument sequence(s).  If more than one sequence is
+        given, the function is called with an argument list consisting of
+        the corresponding item of each sequence, substituting None for
+        missing values when not all sequences have the same length.  If
+        the function is None, return a list of the items of the sequence
+        (or a list of tuples if more than one sequence).
+
+        Test cases:
+        >>> oldmap(None, 'hello world')
+        ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']
+
+        >>> oldmap(None, range(4))
+        [0, 1, 2, 3]
+
+        More test cases are in test_past.test_builtins.
+        """
+        zipped = itertools.zip_longest(*iterables)
+        l = list(zipped)
+        if len(l) == 0:
+            return []
+        if func is None:
+            result = l
+        else:
+            result = list(starmap(func, l))
+
+        # Inspect to see whether it's a simple sequence of tuples
+        try:
+            if max([len(item) for item in result]) == 1:
+                return list(chain.from_iterable(result))
+            # return list(flatmap(func, result))
+        except TypeError as e:
+            # Simple objects like ints have no len()
+            pass
+        return result
+
+        ############################
+        ### For reference, the source code for Py2.7 map function:
+        # static PyObject *
+        # builtin_map(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
+        # {
+        #     typedef struct {
+        #         PyObject *it;           /* the iterator object */
+        #         int saw_StopIteration;  /* bool:  did the iterator end? */
+        #     } sequence;
+        #
+        #     PyObject *func, *result;
+        #     sequence *seqs = NULL, *sqp;
+        #     Py_ssize_t n, len;
+        #     register int i, j;
+        #
+        #     n = PyTuple_Size(args);
+        #     if (n < 2) {
+        #         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+        #                         "map() requires at least two args");
+        #         return NULL;
+        #     }
+        #
+        #     func = PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0);
+        #     n--;
+        #
+        #     if (func == Py_None) {
+        #         if (PyErr_WarnPy3k("map(None, ...) not supported in 3.x; "
+        #                            "use list(...)", 1) < 0)
+        #             return NULL;
+        #         if (n == 1) {
+        #             /* map(None, S) is the same as list(S). */
+        #             return PySequence_List(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 1));
+        #         }
+        #     }
+        #
+        #     /* Get space for sequence descriptors.  Must NULL out the iterator
+        #      * pointers so that jumping to Fail_2 later doesn't see trash.
+        #      */
+        #     if ((seqs = PyMem_NEW(sequence, n)) == NULL) {
+        #         PyErr_NoMemory();
+        #         return NULL;
+        #     }
+        #     for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        #         seqs[i].it = (PyObject*)NULL;
+        #         seqs[i].saw_StopIteration = 0;
+        #     }
+        #
+        #     /* Do a first pass to obtain iterators for the arguments, and set len
+        #      * to the largest of their lengths.
+        #      */
+        #     len = 0;
+        #     for (i = 0, sqp = seqs; i < n; ++i, ++sqp) {
+        #         PyObject *curseq;
+        #         Py_ssize_t curlen;
+        #
+        #         /* Get iterator. */
+        #         curseq = PyTuple_GetItem(args, i+1);
+        #         sqp->it = PyObject_GetIter(curseq);
+        #         if (sqp->it == NULL) {
+        #             static char errmsg[] =
+        #                 "argument %d to map() must support iteration";
+        #             char errbuf[sizeof(errmsg) + 25];
+        #             PyOS_snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), errmsg, i+2);
+        #             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, errbuf);
+        #             goto Fail_2;
+        #         }
+        #
+        #         /* Update len. */
+        #         curlen = _PyObject_LengthHint(curseq, 8);
+        #         if (curlen > len)
+        #             len = curlen;
+        #     }
+        #
+        #     /* Get space for the result list. */
+        #     if ((result = (PyObject *) PyList_New(len)) == NULL)
+        #         goto Fail_2;
+        #
+        #     /* Iterate over the sequences until all have stopped. */
+        #     for (i = 0; ; ++i) {
+        #         PyObject *alist, *item=NULL, *value;
+        #         int numactive = 0;
+        #
+        #         if (func == Py_None && n == 1)
+        #             alist = NULL;
+        #         else if ((alist = PyTuple_New(n)) == NULL)
+        #             goto Fail_1;
+        #
+        #         for (j = 0, sqp = seqs; j < n; ++j, ++sqp) {
+        #             if (sqp->saw_StopIteration) {
+        #                 Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        #                 item = Py_None;
+        #             }
+        #             else {
+        #                 item = PyIter_Next(sqp->it);
+        #                 if (item)
+        #                     ++numactive;
+        #                 else {
+        #                     if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        #                         Py_XDECREF(alist);
+        #                         goto Fail_1;
+        #                     }
+        #                     Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        #                     item = Py_None;
+        #                     sqp->saw_StopIteration = 1;
+        #                 }
+        #             }
+        #             if (alist)
+        #                 PyTuple_SET_ITEM(alist, j, item);
+        #             else
+        #                 break;
+        #         }
+        #
+        #         if (!alist)
+        #             alist = item;
+        #
+        #         if (numactive == 0) {
+        #             Py_DECREF(alist);
+        #             break;
+        #         }
+        #
+        #         if (func == Py_None)
+        #             value = alist;
+        #         else {
+        #             value = PyEval_CallObject(func, alist);
+        #             Py_DECREF(alist);
+        #             if (value == NULL)
+        #                 goto Fail_1;
+        #         }
+        #         if (i >= len) {
+        #             int status = PyList_Append(result, value);
+        #             Py_DECREF(value);
+        #             if (status < 0)
+        #                 goto Fail_1;
+        #         }
+        #         else if (PyList_SetItem(result, i, value) < 0)
+        #             goto Fail_1;
+        #     }
+        #
+        #     if (i < len && PyList_SetSlice(result, i, len, NULL) < 0)
+        #         goto Fail_1;
+        #
+        #     goto Succeed;
+        #
+        # Fail_1:
+        #     Py_DECREF(result);
+        # Fail_2:
+        #     result = NULL;
+        # Succeed:
+        #     assert(seqs);
+        #     for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        #         Py_XDECREF(seqs[i].it);
+        #     PyMem_DEL(seqs);
+        #     return result;
+        # }
+
+    def oldrange(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(builtins.range(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    def oldzip(*args, **kwargs):
+        return list(builtins.zip(*args, **kwargs))
+
+    filter = oldfilter
+    map = oldmap
+    range = oldrange
+    from functools import reduce
+    zip = oldzip
+    __all__ = ['filter', 'map', 'range', 'reduce', 'zip']
+
+else:
+    import __builtin__
+    # Python 2-builtin ranges produce lists
+    filter = __builtin__.filter
+    map = __builtin__.map
+    range = __builtin__.range
+    reduce = __builtin__.reduce
+    zip = __builtin__.zip
+    __all__ = []
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/translation/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/translation/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c67886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/translation/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+past.translation
+==================
+
+The ``past.translation`` package provides an import hook for Python 3 which
+transparently runs ``futurize`` fixers over Python 2 code on import to convert
+print statements into functions, etc.
+
+It is intended to assist users in migrating to Python 3.x even if some
+dependencies still only support Python 2.x.
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Once your Py2 package is installed in the usual module search path, the import
+hook is invoked as follows:
+
+    >>> from past.translation import autotranslate
+    >>> autotranslate('mypackagename')
+
+Or:
+
+    >>> autotranslate(['mypackage1', 'mypackage2'])
+
+You can unregister the hook using::
+
+    >>> from past.translation import remove_hooks
+    >>> remove_hooks()
+
+Author: Ed Schofield.
+Inspired by and based on ``uprefix`` by Vinay M. Sajip.
+"""
+
+import imp
+import logging
+import marshal
+import os
+import sys
+import copy
+from lib2to3.pgen2.parse import ParseError
+from lib2to3.refactor import RefactoringTool
+
+from libfuturize import fixes
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+
+myfixes = (list(fixes.libfuturize_fix_names_stage1) +
+           list(fixes.lib2to3_fix_names_stage1) +
+           list(fixes.libfuturize_fix_names_stage2) +
+           list(fixes.lib2to3_fix_names_stage2))
+
+
+# We detect whether the code is Py2 or Py3 by applying certain lib2to3 fixers
+# to it. If the diff is empty, it's Python 3 code.
+
+py2_detect_fixers = [
+# From stage 1:
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_apply',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_dict',        # TODO: add support for utils.viewitems() etc. and move to stage2
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_except',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_execfile',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_exitfunc',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_funcattrs',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_filter',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_has_key',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_idioms',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_import',    # makes any implicit relative imports explicit. (Use with ``from __future__ import absolute_import)
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_intern',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_isinstance',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_methodattrs',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_ne',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_numliterals',    # turns 1L into 1, 0755 into 0o755
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_paren',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_print',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_raise',   # uses incompatible with_traceback() method on exceptions
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_renames',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_reduce',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_set_literal',  # this is unnecessary and breaks Py2.6 support
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_repr',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_standarderror',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_sys_exc',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_throw',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_tuple_params',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_types',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_ws_comma',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_xreadlines',
+
+# From stage 2:
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_basestring',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_buffer',    # perhaps not safe. Test this.
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_callable',  # not needed in Py3.2+
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_dict',        # TODO: add support for utils.viewitems() etc.
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_exec',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_future',    # we don't want to remove __future__ imports
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_getcwdu',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports',   # called by libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports2',  # we don't handle this yet (dbm)
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_input',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_itertools_imports',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_long',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_map',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_metaclass', # causes SyntaxError in Py2! Use the one from ``six`` instead
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_next',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_nonzero',     # TODO: add a decorator for mapping __bool__ to __nonzero__
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_operator',    # we will need support for this by e.g. extending the Py2 operator module to provide those functions in Py3
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_raw_input',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_unicode',   # strips off the u'' prefix, which removes a potentially helpful source of information for disambiguating unicode/byte strings
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_urllib',
+    'lib2to3.fixes.fix_xrange',
+    # 'lib2to3.fixes.fix_zip',
+]
+
+
+class RTs:
+    """
+    A namespace for the refactoring tools. This avoids creating these at
+    the module level, which slows down the module import. (See issue #117).
+
+    There are two possible grammars: with or without the print statement.
+    Hence we have two possible refactoring tool implementations.
+    """
+    _rt = None
+    _rtp = None
+    _rt_py2_detect = None
+    _rtp_py2_detect = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def setup():
+        """
+        Call this before using the refactoring tools to create them on demand
+        if needed.
+        """
+        if None in [RTs._rt, RTs._rtp]:
+            RTs._rt = RefactoringTool(myfixes)
+            RTs._rtp = RefactoringTool(myfixes, {'print_function': True})
+
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def setup_detect_python2():
+        """
+        Call this before using the refactoring tools to create them on demand
+        if needed.
+        """
+        if None in [RTs._rt_py2_detect, RTs._rtp_py2_detect]:
+            RTs._rt_py2_detect = RefactoringTool(py2_detect_fixers)
+            RTs._rtp_py2_detect = RefactoringTool(py2_detect_fixers,
+                                                  {'print_function': True})
+
+
+# We need to find a prefix for the standard library, as we don't want to
+# process any files there (they will already be Python 3).
+#
+# The following method is used by Sanjay Vinip in uprefix. This fails for
+# ``conda`` environments:
+#     # In a non-pythonv virtualenv, sys.real_prefix points to the installed Python.
+#     # In a pythonv venv, sys.base_prefix points to the installed Python.
+#     # Outside a virtual environment, sys.prefix points to the installed Python.
+
+#     if hasattr(sys, 'real_prefix'):
+#         _syslibprefix = sys.real_prefix
+#     else:
+#         _syslibprefix = getattr(sys, 'base_prefix', sys.prefix)
+
+# Instead, we use the portion of the path common to both the stdlib modules
+# ``math`` and ``urllib``.
+
+def splitall(path):
+    """
+    Split a path into all components. From Python Cookbook.
+    """
+    allparts = []
+    while True:
+        parts = os.path.split(path)
+        if parts[0] == path:  # sentinel for absolute paths
+            allparts.insert(0, parts[0])
+            break
+        elif parts[1] == path: # sentinel for relative paths
+            allparts.insert(0, parts[1])
+            break
+        else:
+            path = parts[0]
+            allparts.insert(0, parts[1])
+    return allparts
+
+
+def common_substring(s1, s2):
+    """
+    Returns the longest common substring to the two strings, starting from the
+    left.
+    """
+    chunks = []
+    path1 = splitall(s1)
+    path2 = splitall(s2)
+    for (dir1, dir2) in zip(path1, path2):
+        if dir1 != dir2:
+            break
+        chunks.append(dir1)
+    return os.path.join(*chunks)
+
+# _stdlibprefix = common_substring(math.__file__, urllib.__file__)
+
+
+def detect_python2(source, pathname):
+    """
+    Returns a bool indicating whether we think the code is Py2
+    """
+    RTs.setup_detect_python2()
+    try:
+        tree = RTs._rt_py2_detect.refactor_string(source, pathname)
+    except ParseError as e:
+        if e.msg != 'bad input' or e.value != '=':
+            raise
+        tree = RTs._rtp.refactor_string(source, pathname)
+
+    if source != str(tree)[:-1]:   # remove added newline
+        # The above fixers made changes, so we conclude it's Python 2 code
+        logger.debug('Detected Python 2 code: {0}'.format(pathname))
+        return True
+    else:
+        logger.debug('Detected Python 3 code: {0}'.format(pathname))
+        return False
+
+
+class Py2Fixer(object):
+    """
+    An import hook class that uses lib2to3 for source-to-source translation of
+    Py2 code to Py3.
+    """
+
+    # See the comments on :class:future.standard_library.RenameImport.
+    # We add this attribute here so remove_hooks() and install_hooks() can
+    # unambiguously detect whether the import hook is installed:
+    PY2FIXER = True
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.found = None
+        self.base_exclude_paths = ['future', 'past']
+        self.exclude_paths = copy.copy(self.base_exclude_paths)
+        self.include_paths = []
+
+    def include(self, paths):
+        """
+        Pass in a sequence of module names such as 'plotrique.plotting' that,
+        if present at the leftmost side of the full package name, would
+        specify the module to be transformed from Py2 to Py3.
+        """
+        self.include_paths += paths
+
+    def exclude(self, paths):
+        """
+        Pass in a sequence of strings such as 'mymodule' that, if
+        present at the leftmost side of the full package name, would cause
+        the module not to undergo any source transformation.
+        """
+        self.exclude_paths += paths
+
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+        logger.debug('Running find_module: {0}...'.format(fullname))
+        if '.' in fullname:
+            parent, child = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)
+            if path is None:
+                loader = self.find_module(parent, path)
+                mod = loader.load_module(parent)
+                path = mod.__path__
+            fullname = child
+
+        # Perhaps we should try using the new importlib functionality in Python
+        # 3.3: something like this?
+        # thing = importlib.machinery.PathFinder.find_module(fullname, path)
+        try:
+            self.found = imp.find_module(fullname, path)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug('Py2Fixer could not find {0}')
+            logger.debug('Exception was: {0})'.format(fullname, e))
+            return None
+        self.kind = self.found[-1][-1]
+        if self.kind == imp.PKG_DIRECTORY:
+            self.pathname = os.path.join(self.found[1], '__init__.py')
+        elif self.kind == imp.PY_SOURCE:
+            self.pathname = self.found[1]
+        return self
+
+    def transform(self, source):
+        # This implementation uses lib2to3,
+        # you can override and use something else
+        # if that's better for you
+
+        # lib2to3 likes a newline at the end
+        RTs.setup()
+        source += '\n'
+        try:
+            tree = RTs._rt.refactor_string(source, self.pathname)
+        except ParseError as e:
+            if e.msg != 'bad input' or e.value != '=':
+                raise
+            tree = RTs._rtp.refactor_string(source, self.pathname)
+        # could optimise a bit for only doing str(tree) if
+        # getattr(tree, 'was_changed', False) returns True
+        return str(tree)[:-1] # remove added newline
+
+    def load_module(self, fullname):
+        logger.debug('Running load_module for {0}...'.format(fullname))
+        if fullname in sys.modules:
+            mod = sys.modules[fullname]
+        else:
+            if self.kind in (imp.PY_COMPILED, imp.C_EXTENSION, imp.C_BUILTIN,
+                             imp.PY_FROZEN):
+                convert = False
+            # elif (self.pathname.startswith(_stdlibprefix)
+            #       and 'site-packages' not in self.pathname):
+            #     # We assume it's a stdlib package in this case. Is this too brittle?
+            #     # Please file a bug report at https://github.com/PythonCharmers/python-future
+            #     # if so.
+            #     convert = False
+            # in theory, other paths could be configured to be excluded here too
+            elif any([fullname.startswith(path) for path in self.exclude_paths]):
+                convert = False
+            elif any([fullname.startswith(path) for path in self.include_paths]):
+                convert = True
+            else:
+                convert = False
+            if not convert:
+                logger.debug('Excluded {0} from translation'.format(fullname))
+                mod = imp.load_module(fullname, *self.found)
+            else:
+                logger.debug('Autoconverting {0} ...'.format(fullname))
+                mod = imp.new_module(fullname)
+                sys.modules[fullname] = mod
+
+                # required by PEP 302
+                mod.__file__ = self.pathname
+                mod.__name__ = fullname
+                mod.__loader__ = self
+
+                # This:
+                #     mod.__package__ = '.'.join(fullname.split('.')[:-1])
+                # seems to result in "SystemError: Parent module '' not loaded,
+                # cannot perform relative import" for a package's __init__.py
+                # file. We use the approach below. Another option to try is the
+                # minimal load_module pattern from the PEP 302 text instead.
+
+                # Is the test in the next line more or less robust than the
+                # following one? Presumably less ...
+                # ispkg = self.pathname.endswith('__init__.py')
+
+                if self.kind == imp.PKG_DIRECTORY:
+                    mod.__path__ = [ os.path.dirname(self.pathname) ]
+                    mod.__package__ = fullname
+                else:
+                    #else, regular module
+                    mod.__path__ = []
+                    mod.__package__ = fullname.rpartition('.')[0]
+
+                try:
+                    cachename = imp.cache_from_source(self.pathname)
+                    if not os.path.exists(cachename):
+                        update_cache = True
+                    else:
+                        sourcetime = os.stat(self.pathname).st_mtime
+                        cachetime = os.stat(cachename).st_mtime
+                        update_cache = cachetime < sourcetime
+                    # # Force update_cache to work around a problem with it being treated as Py3 code???
+                    # update_cache = True
+                    if not update_cache:
+                        with open(cachename, 'rb') as f:
+                            data = f.read()
+                            try:
+                                code = marshal.loads(data)
+                            except Exception:
+                                # pyc could be corrupt. Regenerate it
+                                update_cache = True
+                    if update_cache:
+                        if self.found[0]:
+                            source = self.found[0].read()
+                        elif self.kind == imp.PKG_DIRECTORY:
+                            with open(self.pathname) as f:
+                                source = f.read()
+
+                        if detect_python2(source, self.pathname):
+                            source = self.transform(source)
+
+                        code = compile(source, self.pathname, 'exec')
+
+                        dirname = os.path.dirname(cachename)
+                        try:
+                            if not os.path.exists(dirname):
+                                os.makedirs(dirname)
+                            with open(cachename, 'wb') as f:
+                                data = marshal.dumps(code)
+                                f.write(data)
+                        except Exception:   # could be write-protected
+                            pass
+                    exec(code, mod.__dict__)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    # must remove module from sys.modules
+                    del sys.modules[fullname]
+                    raise # keep it simple
+
+        if self.found[0]:
+            self.found[0].close()
+        return mod
+
+_hook = Py2Fixer()
+
+
+def install_hooks(include_paths=(), exclude_paths=()):
+    if isinstance(include_paths, str):
+        include_paths = (include_paths,)
+    if isinstance(exclude_paths, str):
+        exclude_paths = (exclude_paths,)
+    assert len(include_paths) + len(exclude_paths) > 0, 'Pass at least one argument'
+    _hook.include(include_paths)
+    _hook.exclude(exclude_paths)
+    # _hook.debug = debug
+    enable = sys.version_info[0] >= 3   # enabled for all 3.x+
+    if enable and _hook not in sys.meta_path:
+        sys.meta_path.insert(0, _hook)  # insert at beginning. This could be made a parameter
+
+    # We could return the hook when there are ways of configuring it
+    #return _hook
+
+
+def remove_hooks():
+    if _hook in sys.meta_path:
+        sys.meta_path.remove(_hook)
+
+
+def detect_hooks():
+    """
+    Returns True if the import hooks are installed, False if not.
+    """
+    return _hook in sys.meta_path
+    # present = any([hasattr(hook, 'PY2FIXER') for hook in sys.meta_path])
+    # return present
+
+
+class hooks(object):
+    """
+    Acts as a context manager. Use like this:
+
+    >>> from past import translation
+    >>> with translation.hooks():
+    ...     import mypy2module
+    >>> import requests        # py2/3 compatible anyway
+    >>> # etc.
+    """
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.hooks_were_installed = detect_hooks()
+        install_hooks()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        if not self.hooks_were_installed:
+            remove_hooks()
+
+
+class suspend_hooks(object):
+    """
+    Acts as a context manager. Use like this:
+
+    >>> from past import translation
+    >>> translation.install_hooks()
+    >>> import http.client
+    >>> # ...
+    >>> with translation.suspend_hooks():
+    >>>     import requests     # or others that support Py2/3
+
+    If the hooks were disabled before the context, they are not installed when
+    the context is left.
+    """
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.hooks_were_installed = detect_hooks()
+        remove_hooks()
+        return self
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        if self.hooks_were_installed:
+            install_hooks()
+
+
+# alias
+autotranslate = install_hooks
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91dd270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""
+Forward-ports of types from Python 2 for use with Python 3:
+
+- ``basestring``: equivalent to ``(str, bytes)`` in ``isinstance`` checks
+- ``dict``: with list-producing .keys() etc. methods
+- ``str``: bytes-like, but iterating over them doesn't product integers
+- ``long``: alias of Py3 int with ``L`` suffix in the ``repr``
+- ``unicode``: alias of Py3 str with ``u`` prefix in the ``repr``
+
+"""
+
+from past import utils
+
+if utils.PY2:
+    import __builtin__
+    basestring = __builtin__.basestring
+    dict = __builtin__.dict
+    str = __builtin__.str
+    long = __builtin__.long
+    unicode = __builtin__.unicode
+    __all__ = []
+else:
+    from .basestring import basestring
+    from .olddict import olddict
+    from .oldstr import oldstr
+    long = int
+    unicode = str
+    # from .unicode import unicode
+    __all__ = ['basestring', 'olddict', 'oldstr', 'long', 'unicode']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/basestring.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/basestring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cab22f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/basestring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""
+An implementation of the basestring type for Python 3
+
+Example use:
+
+>>> s = b'abc'
+>>> assert isinstance(s, basestring)
+>>> from past.types import str as oldstr
+>>> s2 = oldstr(b'abc')
+>>> assert isinstance(s2, basestring)
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from past.utils import with_metaclass, PY2
+
+if PY2:
+    str = unicode
+
+ver = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+
+class BaseBaseString(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        return isinstance(instance, (bytes, str))
+
+    def __subclasshook__(cls, thing):
+        # TODO: What should go here?
+        raise NotImplemented
+
+
+class basestring(with_metaclass(BaseBaseString)):
+    """
+    A minimal backport of the Python 2 basestring type to Py3
+    """
+
+
+__all__ = ['basestring']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/olddict.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/olddict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f92a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/olddict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""
+A dict subclass for Python 3 that behaves like Python 2's dict
+
+Example use:
+
+>>> from past.builtins import dict
+>>> d1 = dict()    # instead of {} for an empty dict
+>>> d2 = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+
+The keys, values and items methods now return lists on Python 3.x and there are
+methods for iterkeys, itervalues, iteritems, and viewkeys etc.
+
+>>> for d in (d1, d2):
+...     assert isinstance(d.keys(), list)
+...     assert isinstance(d.values(), list)
+...     assert isinstance(d.items(), list)
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+from past.utils import with_metaclass
+
+
+_builtin_dict = dict
+ver = sys.version_info[:2]
+
+
+class BaseOldDict(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        return isinstance(instance, _builtin_dict)
+
+
+class olddict(with_metaclass(BaseOldDict, _builtin_dict)):
+    """
+    A backport of the Python 3 dict object to Py2
+    """
+    iterkeys = _builtin_dict.keys
+    viewkeys = _builtin_dict.keys
+
+    def keys(self):
+        return list(super(olddict, self).keys())
+
+    itervalues = _builtin_dict.values
+    viewvalues = _builtin_dict.values
+
+    def values(self):
+        return list(super(olddict, self).values())
+
+    iteritems = _builtin_dict.items
+    viewitems = _builtin_dict.items
+
+    def items(self):
+        return list(super(olddict, self).items())
+
+    def has_key(self, k):
+        """
+        D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False
+        """
+        return k in self
+
+    # def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+    #     """
+    #     dict() -> new empty dictionary
+    #     dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
+    #         (key, value) pairs
+    #     dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
+    #         d = {}
+    #         for k, v in iterable:
+    #             d[k] = v
+    #     dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
+    #         in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
+
+    #     """
+    #
+    #     if len(args) == 0:
+    #         return super(olddict, cls).__new__(cls)
+    #     # Was: elif isinstance(args[0], newbytes):
+    #     # We use type() instead of the above because we're redefining
+    #     # this to be True for all unicode string subclasses. Warning:
+    #     # This may render newstr un-subclassable.
+    #     elif type(args[0]) == olddict:
+    #         return args[0]
+    #     # elif isinstance(args[0], _builtin_dict):
+    #     #     value = args[0]
+    #     else:
+    #         value = args[0]
+    #     return super(olddict, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        """
+        Hook for the past.utils.native() function
+        """
+        return super(oldbytes, self)
+
+
+__all__ = ['olddict']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/oldstr.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/oldstr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a477d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/types/oldstr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""
+Pure-Python implementation of a Python 2-like str object for Python 3.
+"""
+
+from numbers import Integral
+
+from past.utils import PY2, with_metaclass
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Iterable
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+_builtin_bytes = bytes
+
+
+class BaseOldStr(type):
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        return isinstance(instance, _builtin_bytes)
+
+
+def unescape(s):
+    """
+    Interprets strings with escape sequences
+
+    Example:
+    >>> s = unescape(r'abc\\def')   # i.e. 'abc\\\\def'
+    >>> print(s)
+    'abc\def'
+    >>> s2 = unescape('abc\\ndef')
+    >>> len(s2)
+    8
+    >>> print(s2)
+    abc
+    def
+    """
+    return s.encode().decode('unicode_escape')
+
+
+class oldstr(with_metaclass(BaseOldStr, _builtin_bytes)):
+    """
+    A forward port of the Python 2 8-bit string object to Py3
+    """
+    # Python 2 strings have no __iter__ method:
+    @property
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise AttributeError
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return [thing for thing in dir(_builtin_bytes) if thing != '__iter__']
+
+    # def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+    #     """
+    #     From the Py3 bytes docstring:
+
+    #     bytes(iterable_of_ints) -> bytes
+    #     bytes(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytes
+    #     bytes(bytes_or_buffer) -> immutable copy of bytes_or_buffer
+    #     bytes(int) -> bytes object of size given by the parameter initialized with null bytes
+    #     bytes() -> empty bytes object
+    #
+    #     Construct an immutable array of bytes from:
+    #       - an iterable yielding integers in range(256)
+    #       - a text string encoded using the specified encoding
+    #       - any object implementing the buffer API.
+    #       - an integer
+    #     """
+    #
+    #     if len(args) == 0:
+    #         return super(newbytes, cls).__new__(cls)
+    #     # Was: elif isinstance(args[0], newbytes):
+    #     # We use type() instead of the above because we're redefining
+    #     # this to be True for all unicode string subclasses. Warning:
+    #     # This may render newstr un-subclassable.
+    #     elif type(args[0]) == newbytes:
+    #         return args[0]
+    #     elif isinstance(args[0], _builtin_bytes):
+    #         value = args[0]
+    #     elif isinstance(args[0], unicode):
+    #         if 'encoding' not in kwargs:
+    #             raise TypeError('unicode string argument without an encoding')
+    #         ###
+    #         # Was:   value = args[0].encode(**kwargs)
+    #         # Python 2.6 string encode() method doesn't take kwargs:
+    #         # Use this instead:
+    #         newargs = [kwargs['encoding']]
+    #         if 'errors' in kwargs:
+    #             newargs.append(kwargs['errors'])
+    #         value = args[0].encode(*newargs)
+    #         ###
+    #     elif isinstance(args[0], Iterable):
+    #         if len(args[0]) == 0:
+    #             # What is this?
+    #             raise ValueError('unknown argument type')
+    #         elif len(args[0]) > 0 and isinstance(args[0][0], Integral):
+    #             # It's a list of integers
+    #             value = b''.join([chr(x) for x in args[0]])
+    #         else:
+    #             raise ValueError('item cannot be interpreted as an integer')
+    #     elif isinstance(args[0], Integral):
+    #         if args[0] < 0:
+    #             raise ValueError('negative count')
+    #         value = b'\x00' * args[0]
+    #     else:
+    #         value = args[0]
+    #     return super(newbytes, cls).__new__(cls, value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        s = super(oldstr, self).__repr__()   # e.g. b'abc' on Py3, b'abc' on Py3
+        return s[1:]
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        s = super(oldstr, self).__str__()   # e.g. "b'abc'" or "b'abc\\ndef'
+        # TODO: fix this:
+        assert s[:2] == "b'" and s[-1] == "'"
+        return unescape(s[2:-1])            # e.g. 'abc'    or 'abc\ndef'
+
+    def __getitem__(self, y):
+        if isinstance(y, Integral):
+            return super(oldstr, self).__getitem__(slice(y, y+1))
+        else:
+            return super(oldstr, self).__getitem__(y)
+
+    def __getslice__(self, *args):
+        return self.__getitem__(slice(*args))
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        if isinstance(key, int):
+            return False
+
+    def __native__(self):
+        return bytes(self)
+
+
+__all__ = ['oldstr']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/utils/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/utils/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6b2642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/past/utils/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+"""
+Various non-built-in utility functions and definitions for Py2
+compatibility in Py3.
+
+For example:
+
+    >>> # The old_div() function behaves like Python 2's / operator
+    >>> # without "from __future__ import division"
+    >>> from past.utils import old_div
+    >>> old_div(3, 2)    # like 3/2 in Py2
+    0
+    >>> old_div(3, 2.0)  # like 3/2.0 in Py2
+    1.5
+"""
+
+import sys
+import numbers
+
+PY3 = sys.version_info[0] >= 3
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+PYPY = hasattr(sys, 'pypy_translation_info')
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """
+    Function from jinja2/_compat.py. License: BSD.
+
+    Use it like this::
+
+        class BaseForm(object):
+            pass
+
+        class FormType(type):
+            pass
+
+        class Form(with_metaclass(FormType, BaseForm)):
+            pass
+
+    This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
+    dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces
+    itself with the actual metaclass.  Because of internal type checks
+    we also need to make sure that we downgrade the custom metaclass
+    for one level to something closer to type (that's why __call__ and
+    __init__ comes back from type etc.).
+
+    This has the advantage over six.with_metaclass of not introducing
+    dummy classes into the final MRO.
+    """
+    class metaclass(meta):
+        __call__ = type.__call__
+        __init__ = type.__init__
+        def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+            if this_bases is None:
+                return type.__new__(cls, name, (), d)
+            return meta(name, bases, d)
+    return metaclass('temporary_class', None, {})
+
+
+def native(obj):
+    """
+    On Py2, this is a no-op: native(obj) -> obj
+
+    On Py3, returns the corresponding native Py3 types that are
+    superclasses for forward-ported objects from Py2:
+
+    >>> from past.builtins import str, dict
+
+    >>> native(str(b'ABC'))   # Output on Py3 follows. On Py2, output is 'ABC'
+    b'ABC'
+    >>> type(native(str(b'ABC')))
+    bytes
+
+    Existing native types on Py3 will be returned unchanged:
+
+    >>> type(native(b'ABC'))
+    bytes
+    """
+    if hasattr(obj, '__native__'):
+        return obj.__native__()
+    else:
+        return obj
+
+
+# An alias for future.utils.old_div():
+def old_div(a, b):
+    """
+    Equivalent to ``a / b`` on Python 2 without ``from __future__ import
+    division``.
+
+    TODO: generalize this to other objects (like arrays etc.)
+    """
+    if isinstance(a, numbers.Integral) and isinstance(b, numbers.Integral):
+        return a // b
+    else:
+        return a / b
+
+__all__ = ['PY3', 'PY2', 'PYPY', 'with_metaclass', 'native', 'old_div']
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/queue/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/queue/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22bd296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/queue/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from Queue import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/reprlib/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/reprlib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ccf9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/reprlib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from repr import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/socketserver/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/socketserver/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5b8c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/socketserver/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from SocketServer import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb730c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from Tkinter import *
+    from Tkinter import (_cnfmerge, _default_root, _flatten,
+                          _support_default_root, _test,
+                         _tkinter, _setit)
+
+    try: # >= 2.7.4
+        from Tkinter import (_join) 
+    except ImportError: 
+        pass
+
+    try: # >= 2.7.4
+        from Tkinter import (_stringify)
+    except ImportError: 
+        pass
+
+    try: # >= 2.7.9
+        from Tkinter import (_splitdict)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/colorchooser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/colorchooser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dde6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/colorchooser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.colorchooser import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkColorChooser import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkColorChooser module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/commondialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/commondialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb7ae8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/commondialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.commondialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkCommonDialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkCommonDialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/constants.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe0981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.constants import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Tkconstants import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Tkconstants module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/dialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/dialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..113370c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/dialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.dialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Dialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Dialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/dnd.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/dnd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ab4379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/dnd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.dnd import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Tkdnd import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Tkdnd module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/filedialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/filedialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93a1538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/filedialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.filedialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from FileDialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The FileDialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
+    try:
+        from tkFileDialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkFileDialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/font.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/font.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..628f399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/font.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.font import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkFont import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkFont module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/messagebox.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/messagebox.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b43d870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/messagebox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.messagebox import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from tkMessageBox import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The tkMessageBox module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/scrolledtext.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/scrolledtext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c69db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/scrolledtext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.scrolledtext import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from ScrolledText import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The ScrolledText module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/simpledialog.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/simpledialog.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dba93fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/simpledialog.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.simpledialog import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from SimpleDialog import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The SimpleDialog module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/tix.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/tix.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d1718a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/tix.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.tix import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from Tix import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The Tix module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/ttk.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/ttk.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..081c1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/tkinter/ttk.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.utils import PY3
+
+if PY3:
+    from tkinter.ttk import *
+else:
+    try:
+        from ttk import *
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError('The ttk module is missing. Does your Py2 '
+                          'installation include tkinter?')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/winreg/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/winreg/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97243bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/winreg/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+__future_module__ = True
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    from _winreg import *
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4f853e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    pass
+else:
+    raise ImportError('This package should not be accessible on Python 3. '
+                      'Either you are trying to run from the python-future src folder '
+                      'or your installation of python-future is corrupted.')
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/client.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/client.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8d0827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+assert sys.version_info[0] < 3
+from xmlrpclib import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/server.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/server.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8d0827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/src/xmlrpc/server.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import sys
+
+assert sys.version_info[0] < 3
+from xmlrpclib import *
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_backports.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_backports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9eeb741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_backports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for various backported functions and classes in ``future.backports``
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
+import sys
+import copy
+import inspect
+import pickle
+from random import randrange, shuffle
+
+from future.backports.misc import (count,
+                                   _count,
+                                   OrderedDict,
+                                   Counter,
+                                   ChainMap,
+                                   _count_elements)
+from future.utils import PY2, PY26
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26, expectedFailurePY27
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
+
+
+class CountTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test the count function."""
+
+    def _test_count_func(self, func):
+        self.assertEqual(next(func(1)), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(func(start=1)), 1)
+
+        c = func()
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 2)
+        c = func(1, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 2)
+        c = func(step=1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 1)
+        c = func(start=1, step=1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 2)
+
+        c = func(-1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), -1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 1)
+        c = func(1, -1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), -1)
+        c = func(-1, -1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), -1)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(next(c), -3)
+
+    def test_count(self):
+        """Test the count function."""
+        self._test_count_func(count)
+
+    def test_own_count(self):
+        """Test own count implementation."""
+        if PY26:
+            self.assertIs(count, _count)
+        else:
+            self.assertNotEqual(count, _count)
+            self._test_count_func(_count)
+
+
+################################################################################
+### ChainMap (helper class for configparser and the string module)
+################################################################################
+
+class TestChainMap(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_basics(self):
+        c = ChainMap()
+        c['a'] = 1
+        c['b'] = 2
+        d = c.new_child()
+        d['b'] = 20
+        d['c'] = 30
+        self.assertEqual(d.maps, [{'b':20, 'c':30}, {'a':1, 'b':2}])  # check internal state
+        self.assertEqual(d.items(), dict(a=1, b=20, c=30).items())    # check items/iter/getitem
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 3)                                   # check len
+        for key in 'abc':                                             # check contains
+            self.assertIn(key, d)
+        for k, v in dict(a=1, b=20, c=30, z=100).items():             # check get
+            self.assertEqual(d.get(k, 100), v)
+
+        del d['b']                                                    # unmask a value
+        self.assertEqual(d.maps, [{'c':30}, {'a':1, 'b':2}])          # check internal state
+        self.assertEqual(d.items(), dict(a=1, b=2, c=30).items())     # check items/iter/getitem
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 3)                                   # check len
+        for key in 'abc':                                             # check contains
+            self.assertIn(key, d)
+        for k, v in dict(a=1, b=2, c=30, z=100).items():              # check get
+            self.assertEqual(d.get(k, 100), v)
+        self.assertIn(repr(d), [                                      # check repr
+            type(d).__name__ + "({'c': 30}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2})",
+            type(d).__name__ + "({'c': 30}, {'b': 2, 'a': 1})"
+        ])
+
+        for e in d.copy(), copy.copy(d):                               # check shallow copies
+            self.assertEqual(d, e)
+            self.assertEqual(d.maps, e.maps)
+            self.assertIsNot(d, e)
+            self.assertIsNot(d.maps[0], e.maps[0])
+            for m1, m2 in zip(d.maps[1:], e.maps[1:]):
+                self.assertIs(m1, m2)
+
+        _ChainMap = ChainMap
+
+        for e in [pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(d)),
+                  copy.deepcopy(d),
+                  eval(repr(d))
+                ]:                                                    # check deep copies
+            self.assertEqual(d, e)
+            self.assertEqual(d.maps, e.maps)
+            self.assertIsNot(d, e)
+            for m1, m2 in zip(d.maps, e.maps):
+                self.assertIsNot(m1, m2, e)
+
+        f = d.new_child()
+        f['b'] = 5
+        self.assertEqual(f.maps, [{'b': 5}, {'c':30}, {'a':1, 'b':2}])
+        self.assertEqual(f.parents.maps, [{'c':30}, {'a':1, 'b':2}])   # check parents
+        self.assertEqual(f['b'], 5)                                    # find first in chain
+        self.assertEqual(f.parents['b'], 2)                            # look beyond maps[0]
+
+    def test_contructor(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ChainMap().maps, [{}])                        # no-args --> one new dict
+        self.assertEqual(ChainMap({1:2}).maps, [{1:2}])                # 1 arg --> list
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        self.assertFalse(ChainMap())
+        self.assertFalse(ChainMap({}, {}))
+        self.assertTrue(ChainMap({1:2}, {}))
+        self.assertTrue(ChainMap({}, {1:2}))
+
+    def test_missing(self):
+        class DefaultChainMap(ChainMap):
+            def __missing__(self, key):
+                return 999
+        d = DefaultChainMap(dict(a=1, b=2), dict(b=20, c=30))
+        for k, v in dict(a=1, b=2, c=30, d=999).items():
+            self.assertEqual(d[k], v)                                  # check __getitem__ w/missing
+        for k, v in dict(a=1, b=2, c=30, d=77).items():
+            self.assertEqual(d.get(k, 77), v)                          # check get() w/ missing
+        for k, v in dict(a=True, b=True, c=True, d=False).items():
+            self.assertEqual(k in d, v)                                # check __contains__ w/missing
+        self.assertEqual(d.pop('a', 1001), 1, d)
+        self.assertEqual(d.pop('a', 1002), 1002)                       # check pop() w/missing
+        self.assertEqual(d.popitem(), ('b', 2))                        # check popitem() w/missing
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            d.popitem()
+
+    def test_dict_coercion(self):
+        d = ChainMap(dict(a=1, b=2), dict(b=20, c=30))
+        self.assertEqual(dict(d), dict(a=1, b=2, c=30))
+        self.assertEqual(dict(d.items()), dict(a=1, b=2, c=30))
+
+
+################################################################################
+### Counter
+################################################################################
+
+class CounterSubclassWithSetItem(Counter):
+    # Test a counter subclass that overrides __setitem__
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        self.called = False
+        Counter.__init__(self, *args, **kwds)
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self.called = True
+        Counter.__setitem__(self, key, value)
+
+class CounterSubclassWithGet(Counter):
+    # Test a counter subclass that overrides get()
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+        self.called = False
+        Counter.__init__(self, *args, **kwds)
+    def get(self, key, default):
+        self.called = True
+        return Counter.get(self, key, default)
+
+class TestCounter(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_basics(self):
+        c = Counter('abcaba')
+        self.assertEqual(c, Counter({'a':3 , 'b': 2, 'c': 1}))
+        self.assertEqual(c, Counter(a=3, b=2, c=1))
+        self.assertIsInstance(c, dict)
+        self.assertIsInstance(c, Mapping)
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Counter, dict))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Counter, Mapping))
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(c.values()), 6)
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(c.values()), [1, 2, 3])
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(c.keys()), ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(c), ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(c.items()),
+                         [('a', 3), ('b', 2), ('c', 1)])
+        self.assertEqual(c['b'], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(c['z'], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(c.__contains__('c'), True)
+        self.assertEqual(c.__contains__('z'), False)
+        self.assertEqual(c.get('b', 10), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(c.get('z', 10), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(c, dict(a=3, b=2, c=1))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(c), "Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 2, 'c': 1})")
+        self.assertEqual(c.most_common(), [('a', 3), ('b', 2), ('c', 1)])
+        for i in range(5):
+            self.assertEqual(c.most_common(i),
+                             [('a', 3), ('b', 2), ('c', 1)][:i])
+        self.assertEqual(''.join(sorted(c.elements())), 'aaabbc')
+        c['a'] += 1         # increment an existing value
+        c['b'] -= 2         # sub existing value to zero
+        del c['c']          # remove an entry
+        del c['c']          # make sure that del doesn't raise KeyError
+        c['d'] -= 2         # sub from a missing value
+        c['e'] = -5         # directly assign a missing value
+        c['f'] += 4         # add to a missing value
+        self.assertEqual(c, dict(a=4, b=0, d=-2, e=-5, f=4))
+        self.assertEqual(''.join(sorted(c.elements())), 'aaaaffff')
+        self.assertEqual(c.pop('f'), 4)
+        self.assertNotIn('f', c)
+        for i in range(3):
+            elem, cnt = c.popitem()
+            self.assertNotIn(elem, c)
+        c.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(c, {})
+        self.assertEqual(repr(c), 'Counter()')
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, Counter.fromkeys, 'abc')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, c)
+        c.update(dict(a=5, b=3))
+        c.update(c=1)
+        c.update(Counter('a' * 50 + 'b' * 30))
+        c.update()          # test case with no args
+        c.__init__('a' * 500 + 'b' * 300)
+        c.__init__('cdc')
+        c.__init__()
+        self.assertEqual(c, dict(a=555, b=333, c=3, d=1))
+        self.assertEqual(c.setdefault('d', 5), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(c['d'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(c.setdefault('e', 5), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(c['e'], 5)
+
+    def test_copying(self):
+        # Check that counters are copyable, deepcopyable, picklable, and
+        #have a repr/eval round-trip
+        words = Counter('which witch had which witches wrist watch'.split())
+        update_test = Counter()
+        update_test.update(words)
+        for i, dup in enumerate([
+                    words.copy(),
+                    copy.copy(words),
+                    copy.deepcopy(words),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 0)),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 1)),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, 2)),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(words, -1)),
+                    eval(repr(words)),
+                    update_test,
+                    Counter(words),
+                    ]):
+            msg = (i, dup, words)
+            self.assertTrue(dup is not words)
+            self.assertEqual(dup, words)
+            self.assertEqual(len(dup), len(words))
+            self.assertEqual(type(dup), type(words))
+
+    def test_copy_subclass(self):
+        class MyCounter(Counter):
+            pass
+        c = MyCounter('slartibartfast')
+        d = c.copy()
+        self.assertEqual(d, c)
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), len(c))
+        self.assertEqual(type(d), type(c))
+
+    def test_conversions(self):
+        # Convert to: set, list, dict
+        s = 'she sells sea shells by the sea shore'
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(Counter(s).elements()), sorted(s))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(Counter(s)), sorted(set(s)))
+        self.assertEqual(dict(Counter(s)), dict(Counter(s).items()))
+        self.assertEqual(set(Counter(s)), set(s))
+
+    def test_invariant_for_the_in_operator(self):
+        c = Counter(a=10, b=-2, c=0)
+        for elem in c:
+            self.assertTrue(elem in c)
+            self.assertIn(elem, c)
+
+    def test_multiset_operations(self):
+        # Verify that adding a zero counter will strip zeros and negatives
+        c = Counter(a=10, b=-2, c=0) + Counter()
+        self.assertEqual(dict(c), dict(a=10))
+
+        elements = 'abcd'
+        for i in range(1000):
+            # test random pairs of multisets
+            p = Counter(dict((elem, randrange(-2,4)) for elem in elements))
+            p.update(e=1, f=-1, g=0)
+            q = Counter(dict((elem, randrange(-2,4)) for elem in elements))
+            q.update(h=1, i=-1, j=0)
+            for counterop, numberop in [
+                (Counter.__add__, lambda x, y: max(0, x+y)),
+                (Counter.__sub__, lambda x, y: max(0, x-y)),
+                (Counter.__or__, lambda x, y: max(0,x,y)),
+                (Counter.__and__, lambda x, y: max(0, min(x,y))),
+            ]:
+                result = counterop(p, q)
+                for x in elements:
+                    self.assertEqual(numberop(p[x], q[x]), result[x],
+                                     (counterop, x, p, q))
+                # verify that results exclude non-positive counts
+                self.assertTrue(x>0 for x in result.values())
+
+        elements = 'abcdef'
+        for i in range(100):
+            # verify that random multisets with no repeats are exactly like sets
+            p = Counter(dict((elem, randrange(0, 2)) for elem in elements))
+            q = Counter(dict((elem, randrange(0, 2)) for elem in elements))
+            for counterop, setop in [
+                (Counter.__sub__, set.__sub__),
+                (Counter.__or__, set.__or__),
+                (Counter.__and__, set.__and__),
+            ]:
+                counter_result = counterop(p, q)
+                set_result = setop(set(p.elements()), set(q.elements()))
+                self.assertEqual(counter_result, dict.fromkeys(set_result, 1))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY27
+    def test_inplace_operations(self):
+        elements = 'abcd'
+        for i in range(1000):
+            # test random pairs of multisets
+            p = Counter(dict((elem, randrange(-2,4)) for elem in elements))
+            p.update(e=1, f=-1, g=0)
+            q = Counter(dict((elem, randrange(-2,4)) for elem in elements))
+            q.update(h=1, i=-1, j=0)
+            for inplace_op, regular_op in [
+                (Counter.__iadd__, Counter.__add__),
+                (Counter.__isub__, Counter.__sub__),
+                (Counter.__ior__, Counter.__or__),
+                (Counter.__iand__, Counter.__and__),
+            ]:
+                c = p.copy()
+                c_id = id(c)
+                regular_result = regular_op(c, q)
+                inplace_result = inplace_op(c, q)
+                self.assertEqual(inplace_result, regular_result)
+                self.assertEqual(id(inplace_result), c_id)
+
+    def test_subtract(self):
+        c = Counter(a=-5, b=0, c=5, d=10, e=15,g=40)
+        c.subtract(a=1, b=2, c=-3, d=10, e=20, f=30, h=-50)
+        self.assertEqual(c, Counter(a=-6, b=-2, c=8, d=0, e=-5, f=-30, g=40, h=50))
+        c = Counter(a=-5, b=0, c=5, d=10, e=15,g=40)
+        c.subtract(Counter(a=1, b=2, c=-3, d=10, e=20, f=30, h=-50))
+        self.assertEqual(c, Counter(a=-6, b=-2, c=8, d=0, e=-5, f=-30, g=40, h=50))
+        c = Counter('aaabbcd')
+        c.subtract('aaaabbcce')
+        self.assertEqual(c, Counter(a=-1, b=0, c=-1, d=1, e=-1))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY27
+    def test_unary(self):
+        c = Counter(a=-5, b=0, c=5, d=10, e=15,g=40)
+        self.assertEqual(dict(+c), dict(c=5, d=10, e=15, g=40))
+        self.assertEqual(dict(-c), dict(a=5))
+
+    def test_repr_nonsortable(self):
+        c = Counter(a=2, b=None)
+        r = repr(c)
+        self.assertIn("'a': 2", r)
+        self.assertIn("'b': None", r)
+
+    def test_helper_function(self):
+        # two paths, one for real dicts and one for other mappings
+        elems = list('abracadabra')
+
+        d = dict()
+        _count_elements(d, elems)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'a': 5, 'r': 2, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 1})
+
+        m = OrderedDict()
+        _count_elements(m, elems)
+        self.assertEqual(m,
+             OrderedDict([('a', 5), ('b', 2), ('r', 2), ('c', 1), ('d', 1)]))
+
+        # test fidelity to the pure python version
+        c = CounterSubclassWithSetItem('abracadabra')
+        self.assertTrue(c.called)
+        c = CounterSubclassWithGet('abracadabra')
+        self.assertTrue(c.called)
+
+
+################################################################################
+### OrderedDict
+################################################################################
+
+class TestOrderedDict(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_init(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)], None)                                 # too many args
+        pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5)]
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(OrderedDict(dict(pairs)).items()), pairs)           # dict input
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(OrderedDict(**dict(pairs)).items()), pairs)         # kwds input
+        self.assertEqual(list(OrderedDict(pairs).items()), pairs)                   # pairs input
+        self.assertEqual(list(OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 9), ('d', 4)],
+                                          c=3, e=5).items()), pairs)                # mixed input
+
+        # Make sure that direct calls to __init__ do not clear previous contents
+        d = OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 44), ('e', 55)])
+        d.__init__([('e', 5), ('f', 6)], g=7, d=4)
+        self.assertEqual(list(d.items()),
+            [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6), ('g', 7)])
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            OrderedDict().update([('a', 1), ('b', 2)], None)                        # too many args
+        pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5)]
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od.update(dict(pairs))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(od.items()), pairs)                                 # dict input
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od.update(**dict(pairs))
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(od.items()), pairs)                                 # kwds input
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od.update(pairs)
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), pairs)                                   # pairs input
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od.update([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 9), ('d', 4)], c=3, e=5)
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), pairs)                                   # mixed input
+
+        ### The tests below fail on Py2.6
+        if PY26:
+            return
+        # Issue 9137: Named argument called 'other' or 'self'
+        # shouldn't be treated specially.
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od.update(self=23)
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), [('self', 23)])
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od.update(other={})
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), [('other', {})])
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od.update(red=5, blue=6, other=7, self=8)
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(list(od.items())),
+                         [('blue', 6), ('other', 7), ('red', 5), ('self', 8)])
+
+        # Make sure that direct calls to update do not clear previous contents
+        # add that updates items are not moved to the end
+        d = OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 44), ('e', 55)])
+        d.update([('e', 5), ('f', 6)], g=7, d=4)
+        self.assertEqual(list(d.items()),
+            [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6), ('g', 7)])
+
+    def test_abc(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(OrderedDict(), MutableMapping)
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(OrderedDict, MutableMapping))
+
+    def test_clear(self):
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        shuffle(pairs)
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        self.assertEqual(len(od), len(pairs))
+        od.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(od), 0)
+
+    def test_delitem(self):
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        del od['a']
+        self.assertNotIn('a', od)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            del od['a']
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), pairs[:2] + pairs[3:])
+
+    def test_setitem(self):
+        od = OrderedDict([('d', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3), ('a', 4), ('e', 5)])
+        od['c'] = 10           # existing element
+        od['f'] = 20           # new element
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()),
+                         [('d', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 10), ('a', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 20)])
+
+    def test_iterators(self):
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        shuffle(pairs)
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        self.assertEqual(list(od), [t[0] for t in pairs])
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.keys()), [t[0] for t in pairs])
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.values()), [t[1] for t in pairs])
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), pairs)
+        self.assertEqual(list(reversed(od)),
+                         [t[0] for t in reversed(pairs)])
+
+    def test_popitem(self):
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        shuffle(pairs)
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        while pairs:
+            self.assertEqual(od.popitem(), pairs.pop())
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            od.popitem()
+        self.assertEqual(len(od), 0)
+
+    def test_pop(self):
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        shuffle(pairs)
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        shuffle(pairs)
+        while pairs:
+            k, v = pairs.pop()
+            self.assertEqual(od.pop(k), v)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            od.pop('xyz')
+        self.assertEqual(len(od), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(od.pop(k, 12345), 12345)
+
+        # make sure pop still works when __missing__ is defined
+        class Missing(OrderedDict):
+            def __missing__(self, key):
+                return 0
+        m = Missing(a=1)
+        self.assertEqual(m.pop('b', 5), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(m.pop('a', 6), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(m.pop('a', 6), 6)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            m.pop('a')
+
+    def test_equality(self):
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        shuffle(pairs)
+        od1 = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        od2 = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        self.assertEqual(od1, od2)          # same order implies equality
+        pairs = pairs[2:] + pairs[:2]
+        od2 = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        self.assertNotEqual(od1, od2)       # different order implies inequality
+        # comparison to regular dict is not order sensitive
+        self.assertEqual(od1, dict(od2))
+        self.assertEqual(dict(od2), od1)
+        # different length implied inequality
+        self.assertNotEqual(od1, OrderedDict(pairs[:-1]))
+
+    def test_copying(self):
+        # Check that ordered dicts are copyable, deepcopyable, picklable,
+        # and have a repr/eval round-trip
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        update_test = OrderedDict()
+        update_test.update(od)
+        for i, dup in enumerate([
+                    od.copy(),
+                    copy.copy(od),
+                    copy.deepcopy(od),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 0)),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 1)),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 2)),
+                    # pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, 3)),
+                    pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(od, -1)),
+                    eval(repr(od)),
+                    update_test,
+                    OrderedDict(od),
+                    ]):
+            self.assertTrue(dup is not od)
+            self.assertEqual(dup, od)
+            self.assertEqual(list(dup.items()), list(od.items()))
+            self.assertEqual(len(dup), len(od))
+            self.assertEqual(type(dup), type(od))
+
+    def test_yaml_linkage(self):
+        # Verify that __reduce__ is setup in a way that supports PyYAML's dump() feature.
+        # In yaml, lists are native but tuples are not.
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        # yaml.dump(od) -->
+        # '!!python/object/apply:__main__.OrderedDict\n- - [a, 1]\n  - [b, 2]\n'
+        self.assertTrue(all(type(pair)==list for pair in od.__reduce__()[1]))
+
+    # def test_reduce_not_too_fat(self):
+    #     # do not save instance dictionary if not needed
+    #     pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+    #     od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+    #     self.assertEqual(len(od.__reduce__()), 2)
+    #     od.x = 10
+    #     self.assertEqual(len(od.__reduce__()), 3)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        od = OrderedDict([('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)])
+        self.assertEqual(repr(od),
+            "OrderedDict([('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)])")
+        self.assertEqual(eval(repr(od)), od)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(OrderedDict()), "OrderedDict()")
+
+    def test_repr_recursive(self):
+        # See issue #9826
+        od = OrderedDict.fromkeys('abc')
+        od['x'] = od
+        self.assertEqual(repr(od),
+            "OrderedDict([('a', None), ('b', None), ('c', None), ('x', ...)])")
+
+    def test_setdefault(self):
+        pairs = [('c', 1), ('b', 2), ('a', 3), ('d', 4), ('e', 5), ('f', 6)]
+        shuffle(pairs)
+        od = OrderedDict(pairs)
+        pair_order = list(od.items())
+        self.assertEqual(od.setdefault('a', 10), 3)
+        # make sure order didn't change
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), pair_order)
+        self.assertEqual(od.setdefault('x', 10), 10)
+        # make sure 'x' is added to the end
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items())[-1], ('x', 10))
+
+        # make sure setdefault still works when __missing__ is defined
+        class Missing(OrderedDict):
+            def __missing__(self, key):
+                return 0
+        self.assertEqual(Missing().setdefault(5, 9), 9)
+
+    def test_reinsert(self):
+        # Given insert a, insert b, delete a, re-insert a,
+        # verify that a is now later than b.
+        od = OrderedDict()
+        od['a'] = 1
+        od['b'] = 2
+        del od['a']
+        od['a'] = 1
+        self.assertEqual(list(od.items()), [('b', 2), ('a', 1)])
+
+    @expectedFailurePY27
+    def test_move_to_end(self):
+        od = OrderedDict.fromkeys('abcde')
+        self.assertEqual(list(od), list('abcde'))
+        od.move_to_end('c')
+        self.assertEqual(list(od), list('abdec'))
+        od.move_to_end('c', 0)
+        self.assertEqual(list(od), list('cabde'))
+        od.move_to_end('c', 0)
+        self.assertEqual(list(od), list('cabde'))
+        od.move_to_end('e')
+        self.assertEqual(list(od), list('cabde'))
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            od.move_to_end('x')
+
+    def test_override_update(self):
+        # Verify that subclasses can override update() without breaking __init__()
+        class MyOD(OrderedDict):
+            def update(self, *args, **kwds):
+                raise Exception()
+        items = [('a', 1), ('c', 3), ('b', 2)]
+        self.assertEqual(list(MyOD(items).items()), items)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_buffer.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_buffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74cfb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_buffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+# Tests that work for both bytes and buffer objects.
+# See PEP 3137.
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import *
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY26
+
+import struct
+import sys
+
+
+class MixinBytesBufferCommonTests(object):
+    """Tests that work for both bytes and buffer objects.
+    See PEP 3137.
+    """
+
+    def marshal(self, x):
+        """Convert x into the appropriate type for these tests."""
+        raise RuntimeError('test class must provide a marshal method')
+
+    def test_islower(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'').islower())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'a').islower())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'A').islower())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'\n').islower())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'abc').islower())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'aBc').islower())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'abc\n').islower())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').islower, 42)
+
+    def test_isupper(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'').isupper())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'a').isupper())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'A').isupper())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'\n').isupper())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'ABC').isupper())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'AbC').isupper())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'ABC\n').isupper())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').isupper, 42)
+
+    def test_istitle(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'').istitle())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'a').istitle())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'A').istitle())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'\n').istitle())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'A Titlecased Line').istitle())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'A\nTitlecased Line').istitle())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'A Titlecased, Line').istitle())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'Not a capitalized String').istitle())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'Not\ta Titlecase String').istitle())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'Not--a Titlecase String').istitle())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'NOT').istitle())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').istitle, 42)
+
+    def test_isspace(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'').isspace())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'a').isspace())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b' ').isspace())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'\t').isspace())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'\r').isspace())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'\n').isspace())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b' \t\r\n').isspace())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b' \t\r\na').isspace())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').isspace, 42)
+
+    def test_isalpha(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'').isalpha())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'a').isalpha())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'A').isalpha())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'\n').isalpha())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'abc').isalpha())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'aBc123').isalpha())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'abc\n').isalpha())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').isalpha, 42)
+
+    def test_isalnum(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'').isalnum())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'a').isalnum())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'A').isalnum())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'\n').isalnum())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'123abc456').isalnum())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'a1b3c').isalnum())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'aBc000 ').isalnum())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'abc\n').isalnum())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').isalnum, 42)
+
+    def test_isdigit(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'').isdigit())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'a').isdigit())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'0').isdigit())
+        self.assertTrue(self.marshal(b'0123456789').isdigit())
+        self.assertFalse(self.marshal(b'0123456789a').isdigit())
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').isdigit, 42)
+
+    def test_lower(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'hello'), self.marshal(b'HeLLo').lower())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'hello'), self.marshal(b'hello').lower())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'hello').lower, 42)
+
+    def test_upper(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'HELLO'), self.marshal(b'HeLLo').upper())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'HELLO'), self.marshal(b'HELLO').upper())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'hello').upper, 42)
+
+    def test_capitalize(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b' hello '), self.marshal(b' hello ').capitalize())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Hello '), self.marshal(b'Hello ').capitalize())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Hello '), self.marshal(b'hello ').capitalize())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Aaaa'), self.marshal(b'aaaa').capitalize())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Aaaa'), self.marshal(b'AaAa').capitalize())
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'hello').capitalize, 42)
+
+    def test_ljust(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc       '), self.marshal(b'abc').ljust(10))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc   '), self.marshal(b'abc').ljust(6))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').ljust(3))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').ljust(2))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc*******'), self.marshal(b'abc').ljust(10, b'*'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').ljust)
+
+    def test_rjust(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'       abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').rjust(10))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'   abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').rjust(6))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').rjust(3))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').rjust(2))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'*******abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').rjust(10, b'*'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').rjust)
+
+    def test_center(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'   abc    '), self.marshal(b'abc').center(10))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b' abc  '), self.marshal(b'abc').center(6))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').center(3))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc'), self.marshal(b'abc').center(2))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'***abc****'), self.marshal(b'abc').center(10, b'*'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').center)
+
+    def test_swapcase(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'hEllO CoMPuTErS'),
+            self.marshal(bytes(b'HeLLo cOmpUteRs')).swapcase())
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'hello').swapcase, 42)
+
+    def test_zfill(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'123'), self.marshal(b'123').zfill(2))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'123'), self.marshal(b'123').zfill(3))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'0123'), self.marshal(b'123').zfill(4))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'+123'), self.marshal(b'+123').zfill(3))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'+123'), self.marshal(b'+123').zfill(4))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'+0123'), self.marshal(b'+123').zfill(5))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'-123'), self.marshal(b'-123').zfill(3))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'-123'), self.marshal(b'-123').zfill(4))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'-0123'), self.marshal(b'-123').zfill(5))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'000'), self.marshal(b'').zfill(3))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'34'), self.marshal(b'34').zfill(1))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'0034'), self.marshal(b'34').zfill(4))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'123').zfill)
+
+    def test_expandtabs(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc\rab      def\ng       hi'),
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc\rab      def\ng       hi'),
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(8))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc\rab  def\ng   hi'),
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(4))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc\r\nab  def\ng   hi'),
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\r\nab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(4))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc\rab      def\ng       hi'),
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc\rab      def\ng       hi'),
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\rab\tdef\ng\thi').expandtabs(8))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi'),
+            self.marshal(b'abc\r\nab\r\ndef\ng\r\nhi').expandtabs(4))
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'  a\n b'), self.marshal(b' \ta\n\tb').expandtabs(1))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'hello').expandtabs, 42, 42)
+        # This test is only valid when sizeof(int) == sizeof(void*) == 4.
+        if sys.maxsize < (1 << 32) and struct.calcsize('P') == 4:
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError,
+                              self.marshal(b'\ta\n\tb').expandtabs, sys.maxsize)
+
+    def test_title(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b' Hello '), self.marshal(b' hello ').title())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Hello '), self.marshal(b'hello ').title())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Hello '), self.marshal(b'Hello ').title())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Format This As Title String'),
+                         self.marshal(b'fOrMaT thIs aS titLe String').title())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Format,This-As*Title;String'),
+                         self.marshal(b'fOrMaT,thIs-aS*titLe;String').title())
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'Getint'), self.marshal(b'getInt').title())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'hello').title, 42)
+
+    def test_splitlines(self):
+        self.assertEqual([bytes(b'abc'), bytes(b'def'), bytes(b''), bytes(b'ghi')],
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\ndef\n\rghi').splitlines())
+        self.assertEqual([bytes(b'abc'), bytes(b'def'), bytes(b''), bytes(b'ghi')],
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\ndef\n\r\nghi').splitlines())
+        self.assertEqual([bytes(b'abc'), bytes(b'def'), bytes(b'ghi')],
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\ndef\r\nghi').splitlines())
+        # TODO: add bytes calls around these too ...
+        self.assertEqual([b'abc', b'def', b'ghi'],
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\ndef\r\nghi\n').splitlines())
+        self.assertEqual([b'abc', b'def', b'ghi', b''],
+                         self.marshal(b'abc\ndef\r\nghi\n\r').splitlines())
+        self.assertEqual([b'', b'abc', b'def', b'ghi', b''],
+                         self.marshal(b'\nabc\ndef\r\nghi\n\r').splitlines())
+        self.assertEqual([b'', b'abc', b'def', b'ghi', b''],
+                         self.marshal(b'\nabc\ndef\r\nghi\n\r').splitlines(False))
+        self.assertEqual([b'\n', b'abc\n', b'def\r\n', b'ghi\n', b'\r'],
+                         self.marshal(b'\nabc\ndef\r\nghi\n\r').splitlines(True))
+        self.assertEqual([b'', b'abc', b'def', b'ghi', b''],
+                         self.marshal(b'\nabc\ndef\r\nghi\n\r').splitlines(False))
+        self.assertEqual([b'\n', b'abc\n', b'def\r\n', b'ghi\n', b'\r'],
+                         self.marshal(b'\nabc\ndef\r\nghi\n\r').splitlines(True))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.marshal(b'abc').splitlines, 42, 42)
+
+
+# From Python-3.3.5/Lib/test/test_bytes.py:
+
+class BytearrayPEP3137Test(unittest.TestCase,
+                           MixinBytesBufferCommonTests):
+    def marshal(self, x):
+        return bytearray(bytes(x))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_returns_new_copy(self):
+        val = self.marshal(b'1234')
+        # On immutable types these MAY return a reference to themselves
+        # but on mutable types like bytearray they MUST return a new copy.
+        for methname in ('zfill', 'rjust', 'ljust', 'center'):
+            method = getattr(val, methname)
+            newval = method(3)
+            self.assertEqual(val, newval)
+            self.assertTrue(val is not newval,
+                            methname+' returned self on a mutable object')
+        for expr in ('val.split()[0]', 'val.rsplit()[0]',
+                     'val.partition(b".")[0]', 'val.rpartition(b".")[2]',
+                     'val.splitlines()[0]', 'val.replace(b"", b"")'):
+            newval = eval(expr)
+            self.assertEqual(val, newval)
+            self.assertTrue(val is not newval,
+                            expr+' returned val on a mutable object')
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_builtins.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_builtins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca07b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_builtins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1876 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests to make sure the behaviour of the builtins is sensible and correct.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import (bytes, dict, int, range, round, str, super,
+                             ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow,
+                             filter, map, zip, min, max)
+
+from future.utils import PY3, exec_, native_str, implements_iterator
+from future.tests.base import (unittest, skip26, expectedFailurePY2,
+                               expectedFailurePY26)
+
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import tempfile
+import os
+from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
+from numbers import Integral
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+
+class TestBuiltins(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() + os.path.sep
+
+    def test_super(self):
+        class verbose_list(list):
+            '''
+            A class that uses the new simpler super() function
+            '''
+            def append(self, item):
+                print('Adding an item')
+                super().append(item)
+
+        l = verbose_list()
+        l.append('blah')
+        self.assertEqual(l[0], 'blah')
+        self.assertEqual(len(l), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l, list))
+
+    def test_super_2(self):
+        """
+        This occurs in the backported email/_header_value_parser.py
+        module and seems to fail.
+        """
+        class Terminal(str):
+            def __new__(cls, value, token_type):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, value)
+                self.token_type = token_type
+                self.defects = []
+                return self
+
+        DOT = Terminal('.', 'dot')
+
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_isinstance_int(self):
+        """
+        Redefining ``int`` to a ``long`` subclass on Py2 makes this
+        test fail unless __instancecheck__() is defined appropriately (or
+        isinstance is redefined, as we used to do ...)
+        """
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(int(1), int))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(1.0, int))
+
+    def test_isinstance_Integral(self):
+        """
+        Tests the preferred alternative to the above
+        """
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0, Integral))
+
+    def test_isinstance_long(self):
+        """
+        Py2's long doesn't inherit from int!
+        """
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(10**100, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(int(2**64), int))
+        if not PY3:
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(long(1), int))
+        # Note: the following is a SyntaxError on Py3:
+        # self.assertTrue(isinstance(1L, int))
+
+    def test_isinstance_bytes(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b'byte-string', bytes))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b'byte-string', str))
+
+    def test_isinstance_str(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance('string', str))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(u'string', str))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(u'string', bytes))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_type(self):
+        """
+        The following fails when passed a unicode string on Python
+        (including when unicode_literals is in effect) and fails when
+        passed a byte-string on Python 3. So type() always wants a native
+        string as the first argument.
+
+        TODO: maybe provide a replacement that works identically on Py2/3?
+        """
+        mytype = type('blah', (dict,), {"old": 1, "new": 2})
+        d = mytype()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, mytype))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, dict))
+
+    def test_isinstance_tuple_of_types(self):
+        # These two should be equivalent, even if ``int`` is a special
+        # backported type.
+        label = 1
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(label, (float, Decimal)) or
+                        isinstance(label, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(label, (float, Decimal, int)))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(10**100, (float, Decimal, int)))
+
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b'blah', (str, bytes)))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b'blah', (bytes, float, int)))
+
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b'blah', (str, Decimal, float, int)))
+
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance('blah', (str, Decimal, float, int)))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(u'blah', (Decimal, float, int, str)))
+
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance('blah', (bytes, Decimal, float, int)))
+
+    def test_round(self):
+        """
+        Note that the Python 2.x round() function fails these tests. The
+        Python 3.x round() function passes them, as should our custom
+        round() function.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.1250, 2), 0.12)
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.1350, 2), 0.14)
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.1251, 2), 0.13)
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.125000001, 2), 0.13)
+        self.assertEqual(round(123.5, 0), 124.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(123.5), 124)
+        self.assertEqual(round(12.35, 2), 12.35)
+        self.assertEqual(round(12.35, 1), 12.3)
+        self.assertEqual(round(12.35, 0), 12.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(123.5, 1), 123.5)
+
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(round(123.5, 0), float))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(round(123.5), Integral))
+
+    @unittest.skip('negative ndigits not implemented yet')
+    def test_round_negative_ndigits(self):
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.1350, 0), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.1350, -1), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.1350, -2), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.1350, -3), 0.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(12.35, -1), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(12.35, -2), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(123.5, -1), 120.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(123.5, -2), 100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(123.551, -2), 100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(123.551, -3), 0.0)
+
+    def test_newnext_doc_example(self):
+        # Python 3-style iterator:
+        class Upper(object):
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        # from future.builtins import next
+        itr = Upper('hello')
+        self.assertEqual(next(itr), 'H')
+        self.assertEqual(next(itr), 'E')
+        # This doesn't work on Py2 because next() isn't defined:
+        # self.assertEqual(list(itr), 'LLO')
+
+        # Check that regular Py2 iterators with just a .next method also work:
+        itr2 = iter(['one', 'three', 'five'])
+        self.assertEqual(next(itr2), 'one')
+
+
+##############################################################
+# Below here are the tests from Py3.3'2 test_builtin.py module
+##############################################################
+
+from future.backports.test.support import TESTFN, unlink,  run_unittest, check_warnings
+import ast
+import collections
+
+import io
+import locale
+import os
+import pickle
+import platform
+import random
+import sys
+import traceback
+import types
+# Imported above more portably (using unittest2 on Py2.6):
+import warnings
+from operator import neg
+try:
+    import pty, signal
+except ImportError:
+    pty = signal = None
+
+
+class Squares:
+
+    def __init__(self, max):
+        self.max = max
+        self.sofar = []
+
+    def __len__(self): return len(self.sofar)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        if not 0 <= i < self.max: raise IndexError
+        n = len(self.sofar)
+        while n <= i:
+            self.sofar.append(n*n)
+            n += 1
+        return self.sofar[i]
+
+class StrSquares:
+
+    def __init__(self, max):
+        self.max = max
+        self.sofar = []
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.sofar)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        if not 0 <= i < self.max:
+            raise IndexError
+        n = len(self.sofar)
+        while n <= i:
+            self.sofar.append(str(n*n))
+            n += 1
+        return self.sofar[i]
+
+class BitBucket:
+    def write(self, line):
+        pass
+
+test_conv_no_sign = [
+        ('0', 0),
+        ('1', 1),
+        ('9', 9),
+        ('10', 10),
+        ('99', 99),
+        ('100', 100),
+        ('314', 314),
+        (' 314', 314),
+        ('314 ', 314),
+        ('  \t\t  314  \t\t  ', 314),
+        (repr(sys.maxsize), sys.maxsize),
+        ('  1x', ValueError),
+        ('  1  ', 1),
+        ('  1\02  ', ValueError),
+        ('', ValueError),
+        (' ', ValueError),
+        ('  \t\t  ', ValueError),
+        (str(b'\u0663\u0661\u0664 ','raw-unicode-escape'), 314),
+        (chr(0x200), ValueError),
+]
+
+test_conv_sign = [
+        ('0', 0),
+        ('1', 1),
+        ('9', 9),
+        ('10', 10),
+        ('99', 99),
+        ('100', 100),
+        ('314', 314),
+        (' 314', ValueError),
+        ('314 ', 314),
+        ('  \t\t  314  \t\t  ', ValueError),
+        (repr(sys.maxsize), sys.maxsize),
+        ('  1x', ValueError),
+        ('  1  ', ValueError),
+        ('  1\02  ', ValueError),
+        ('', ValueError),
+        (' ', ValueError),
+        ('  \t\t  ', ValueError),
+        (str(b'\u0663\u0661\u0664 ','raw-unicode-escape'), 314),
+        (chr(0x200), ValueError),
+]
+
+class TestFailingBool:
+    def __bool__(self):
+        raise RuntimeError
+    # On Py2:
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+class TestFailingIter:
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+def filter_char(arg):
+    return ord(arg) > ord("d")
+
+def map_char(arg):
+    return chr(ord(arg)+1)
+
+class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Helper to check picklability
+    def check_iter_pickle(self, it, seq):
+        itorg = it
+        d = pickle.dumps(it)
+        it = pickle.loads(d)
+        self.assertEqual(type(itorg), type(it))
+        self.assertEqual(list(it), seq)
+
+        #test the iterator after dropping one from it
+        it = pickle.loads(d)
+        try:
+            next(it)
+        except StopIteration:
+            return
+        d = pickle.dumps(it)
+        it = pickle.loads(d)
+        self.assertEqual(list(it), seq[1:])
+
+    def test_import(self):
+        __import__('sys')
+        __import__('time')
+        __import__('string')
+        __import__(name='sys')
+        __import__(name='time', level=0)
+        self.assertRaises(ImportError, __import__, 'spamspam')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, __import__, '')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 'sys', name='sys')
+
+    def test_abs(self):
+        # int
+        self.assertEqual(abs(0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(1234), 1234)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(-1234), 1234)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(-sys.maxsize-1) > 0)
+        # float
+        self.assertEqual(abs(0.0), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(3.14), 3.14)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(-3.14), 3.14)
+        # str
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, 'a')
+        # bool
+        self.assertEqual(abs(True), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(False), 0)
+        # other
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, None)
+        class AbsClass(object):
+            def __abs__(self):
+                return -5
+        self.assertEqual(abs(AbsClass()), -5)
+
+    def test_all(self):
+        self.assertEqual(all([2, 4, 6]), True)
+        self.assertEqual(all([2, None, 6]), False)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, [2, TestFailingBool(), 6])
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, 10)               # Non-iterable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all)                   # No args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args
+        self.assertEqual(all([]), True)                     # Empty iterator
+        self.assertEqual(all([0, TestFailingBool()]), False)# Short-circuit
+        S = [50, 60]
+        self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), True)
+        S = [50, 40, 60]
+        self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), False)
+
+    def test_any(self):
+        self.assertEqual(any([None, None, None]), False)
+        self.assertEqual(any([None, 4, None]), True)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, [None, TestFailingBool(), 6])
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, TestFailingIter())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, 10)               # Non-iterable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any)                   # No args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args
+        self.assertEqual(any([]), False)                    # Empty iterator
+        self.assertEqual(any([1, TestFailingBool()]), True) # Short-circuit
+        S = [40, 60, 30]
+        self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), True)
+        S = [10, 20, 30]
+        self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), False)
+
+    def test_ascii(self):
+        # Was: self.assertEqual(ascii(''), "''")  # '\'\'')
+        # Heisenbug on Py2.7?!
+        self.assertEqual(ascii(0), '0')
+        self.assertEqual(ascii(()), '()')
+        self.assertEqual(ascii([]), '[]')
+        self.assertEqual(ascii({}), '{}')
+        a = []
+        a.append(a)
+        self.assertEqual(ascii(a), '[[...]]')
+        a = {}
+        a[0] = a
+        self.assertEqual(ascii(a), '{0: {...}}')
+        # Advanced checks for unicode strings
+        def _check_uni(s):
+            self.assertEqual(ascii(s), repr(s))
+        _check_uni("'")
+        _check_uni('"')
+        _check_uni('"\'')
+        _check_uni('\0')
+        _check_uni('\r\n\t .')
+        # Unprintable non-ASCII characters
+        _check_uni('\x85')
+        _check_uni('\u1fff')
+        _check_uni('\U00012fff')
+        # Lone surrogates
+        _check_uni('\ud800')
+        _check_uni('\udfff')
+
+        # Issue #9804: surrogates should be joined even for printable
+        # wide characters (UCS-2 builds).
+
+        # Fails on Py2.7. Was:
+        # self.assertEqual(ascii('\U0001d121'), "'\\U0001d121'")
+        # # All together
+        # s = "'\0\"\n\r\t abcd\x85é\U00012fff\uD800\U0001D121xxx."
+        # self.assertEqual(ascii(s),
+        #     r"""'\'\x00"\n\r\t abcd\x85\xe9\U00012fff\ud800\U0001d121xxx.'""")
+
+    def test_neg(self):
+        x = -sys.maxsize-1
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x, int))
+        self.assertEqual(-x, sys.maxsize+1)
+
+    def test_callable(self):
+        self.assertTrue(callable(len))
+        self.assertFalse(callable("a"))
+        self.assertTrue(callable(callable))
+        self.assertTrue(callable(lambda x, y: x + y))
+        self.assertFalse(callable(__builtins__))
+        def f(): pass
+        self.assertTrue(callable(f))
+
+        class C1(object):   # Was: class C1:  (old-style class on Py2)
+            def meth(self): pass
+        self.assertTrue(callable(C1))
+        c = C1()
+        self.assertTrue(callable(c.meth))
+        self.assertFalse(callable(c))
+
+        # __call__ is looked up on the class, not the instance
+        c.__call__ = None
+        self.assertFalse(callable(c))
+        c.__call__ = lambda self: 0
+        self.assertFalse(callable(c))
+        del c.__call__
+        self.assertFalse(callable(c))
+
+        class C2(object):
+            def __call__(self): pass
+        c2 = C2()
+        self.assertTrue(callable(c2))
+        c2.__call__ = None
+        self.assertTrue(callable(c2))
+        class C3(C2): pass
+        c3 = C3()
+        self.assertTrue(callable(c3))
+
+    def test_chr(self):
+        self.assertEqual(chr(32), ' ')
+        self.assertEqual(chr(65), 'A')
+        self.assertEqual(chr(97), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0xff), '\xff')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 1<<24)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, chr)
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x0000FFFF), "\U0000FFFF")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 0x00110000)
+        self.assertRaises((OverflowError, ValueError), chr, 2**32)
+
+    @unittest.skip('FIXME: skip on narrow builds?')
+    def test_ord_big(self):
+        """
+        These tests seem to fail on OS X (narrow Python build?)
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(chr(sys.maxunicode),
+                         str('\\U0010ffff'.encode("ascii"), 'unicode-escape'))
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U0000FFFF"), 0x0000FFFF)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U00010000"), 0x00010000)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U00010001"), 0x00010001)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U000FFFFE"), 0x000FFFFE)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U000FFFFF"), 0x000FFFFF)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U00100000"), 0x00100000)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U00100001"), 0x00100001)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U0010FFFE"), 0x0010FFFE)
+        self.assertEqual(ord("\U0010FFFF"), 0x0010FFFF)
+
+    @unittest.skip('FIXME: skip on narrow builds?')
+    def test_chr_big(self):
+        """
+        These tests seem to fail on OS X (narrow Python build?)
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(ord(chr(0x10FFFF)), 0x10FFFF)
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x00010000), "\U00010000")
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x00010001), "\U00010001")
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x000FFFFE), "\U000FFFFE")
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x000FFFFF), "\U000FFFFF")
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x00100000), "\U00100000")
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x00100001), "\U00100001")
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x0010FFFE), "\U0010FFFE")
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0x0010FFFF), "\U0010FFFF")
+
+    def test_compile(self):
+        compile('print(1)\n', '', 'exec')
+        bom = b'\xef\xbb\xbf'
+        compile(bom + b'print(1)\n', '', 'exec')
+        compile(source='pass', filename='?', mode='exec')
+        compile(dont_inherit=0, filename='tmp', source='0', mode='eval')
+        compile('pass', '?', dont_inherit=1, mode='exec')
+        # Fails on Py2.7:
+        # Was: compile(memoryview(b"text"), "name", "exec")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print(42)\n', '<string>', 'badmode')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print(42)\n', '<string>', 'single', 0xff)
+        # Raises TypeError in Python < v3.5, ValueError in v3.5:
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError), compile, chr(0), 'f', 'exec')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, 'pass', '?', 'exec',
+                          mode='eval', source='0', filename='tmp')
+        compile('print("\xe5")\n', '', 'exec')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, str('a = 1'), 'f', 'bad')
+
+        # test the optimize argument
+        # These tests fail on Py2.7 ...
+
+        # codestr = '''def f():
+        # """doc"""
+        # try:
+        #     assert False
+        # except AssertionError:
+        #     return (True, f.__doc__)
+        # else:
+        #     return (False, f.__doc__)
+        # '''
+        # def f(): """doc"""
+        # values = [(-1, __debug__, f.__doc__),
+        #           (0, True, 'doc'),
+        #           (1, False, 'doc'),
+        #           (2, False, None)]
+        # for optval, debugval, docstring in values:
+        #     # test both direct compilation and compilation via AST
+        #     codeobjs = []
+        #     codeobjs.append(compile(codestr, "<test>", "exec", optimize=optval))
+        #     tree = ast.parse(codestr)
+        #     codeobjs.append(compile(tree, "<test>", "exec", optimize=optval))
+        #     for code in codeobjs:
+        #         ns = {}
+        #         exec_(code, ns)
+        #         rv = ns['f']()
+        #         self.assertEqual(rv, (debugval, docstring))
+
+    def test_delattr(self):
+        sys.spam = 1
+        delattr(sys, 'spam')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, delattr)
+
+    def test_dir(self):
+        # dir(wrong number of arguments)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, 42, 42)
+
+        # dir() - local scope
+        local_var = 1
+        self.assertIn('local_var', dir())
+
+        # dir(module)
+        self.assertIn('exit', dir(sys))
+
+        # dir(module_with_invalid__dict__)
+        class Foo(types.ModuleType):
+            __dict__ = 8
+        f = Foo(native_str("foo"))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)
+
+        # dir(type)
+        self.assertIn("strip", dir(str))
+        self.assertNotIn("__mro__", dir(str))
+
+        # dir(obj)
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.x = 7
+                self.y = 8
+                self.z = 9
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertIn("y", dir(f))
+
+        # dir(obj_no__dict__)
+        class Foo(object):
+            __slots__ = []
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertIn("__repr__", dir(f))
+
+        # dir(obj_no__class__with__dict__)
+        # (an ugly trick to cause getattr(f, "__class__") to fail)
+        class Foo(object):
+            __slots__ = ["__class__", "__dict__"]
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.bar = "wow"
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertNotIn("__repr__", dir(f))
+        self.assertIn("bar", dir(f))
+
+        # dir(obj_using __dir__)
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return ["kan", "ga", "roo"]
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertTrue(dir(f) == ["ga", "kan", "roo"])
+
+        # dir(obj__dir__tuple)
+        # Was:
+        # class Foo(object):
+        #     def __dir__(self):
+        #         return ("b", "c", "a")
+        # res = dir(Foo())
+        # self.assertIsInstance(res, list)
+        # self.assertTrue(res == ["a", "b", "c"])
+
+        # dir(obj__dir__not_sequence)
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return 7
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)
+
+        # These tests fail on Py2:
+        # # dir(traceback)
+        # try:
+        #     raise IndexError
+        # except:
+        #     self.assertEqual(len(dir(sys.exc_info()[2])), 4)
+        #
+        # # test that object has a __dir__()
+        # self.assertEqual(sorted([].__dir__()), dir([]))
+
+    def test_divmod(self):
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7), (1, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7), (-2, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, -7), (-2, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, -7), (1, -5))
+
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-sys.maxsize-1, -1), (sys.maxsize+1, 0))
+
+        for num, denom, exp_result in [ (3.25, 1.0, (3.0, 0.25)),
+                                        (-3.25, 1.0, (-4.0, 0.75)),
+                                        (3.25, -1.0, (-4.0, -0.75)),
+                                        (-3.25, -1.0, (3.0, -0.25))]:
+            result = divmod(num, denom)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(result[0], exp_result[0])
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(result[1], exp_result[1])
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, divmod)
+
+    def test_eval(self):
+        self.assertEqual(eval('1+1'), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(eval(' 1+1\n'), 2)
+        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals) , 1)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals, locals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('b', globals, locals), 200)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('c', globals, locals), 300)
+        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}
+        bom = b'\xef\xbb\xbf'
+        self.assertEqual(eval(bom + b'a', globals, locals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('"\xe5"', globals), "\xe5")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, ())
+        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, bom[:2] + b'a')
+
+    def test_general_eval(self):
+        # Tests that general mappings can be used for the locals argument
+
+        class M:
+            "Test mapping interface versus possible calls from eval()."
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                if key == 'a':
+                    return 12
+                raise KeyError
+            def keys(self):
+                return list('xyz')
+
+        m = M()
+        g = globals()
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, m), 12)
+        self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, m)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, m), list('xyz'))
+        self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, m), g)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, m), m)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', m)
+        class A:
+            "Non-mapping"
+            pass
+        m = A()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', g, m)
+
+        # Verify that dict subclasses work as well
+        class D(dict):
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                if key == 'a':
+                    return 12
+                return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
+            def keys(self):
+                return list('xyz')
+
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, d), 12)
+        self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, d)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, d), list('xyz'))
+        self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, d), g)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, d), d)
+
+        # Verify locals stores (used by list comps)
+        eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, d)
+        if PY3:
+            from collections import UserDict
+        else:
+            from UserDict import UserDict
+        eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, UserDict())
+
+        class SpreadSheet:
+            "Sample application showing nested, calculated lookups."
+            _cells = {}
+            def __setitem__(self, key, formula):
+                self._cells[key] = formula
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                return eval(self._cells[key], globals(), self)
+
+        ss = SpreadSheet()
+        ss['a1'] = '5'
+        ss['a2'] = 'a1*6'
+        ss['a3'] = 'a2*7'
+        self.assertEqual(ss['a3'], 210)
+
+        # Verify that dir() catches a non-list returned by eval
+        # SF bug #1004669
+        class C:
+            def __getitem__(self, item):
+                raise KeyError(item)
+            def keys(self):
+                return 1 # used to be 'a' but that's no longer an error
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'dir()', globals(), C())
+
+    def test_exec_(self):
+        g = {}
+        exec_('z = 1', g)
+        if '__builtins__' in g:
+            del g['__builtins__']
+        self.assertEqual(g, {'z': 1})
+
+        exec_('z = 1+1', g)
+        if '__builtins__' in g:
+            del g['__builtins__']
+        self.assertEqual(g, {'z': 2})
+        g = {}
+        l = {}
+
+        with check_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", "global statement",
+                    module="<string>")
+            exec_('global a; a = 1; b = 2', g, l)
+        if '__builtins__' in g:
+            del g['__builtins__']
+        if '__builtins__' in l:
+            del l['__builtins__']
+        self.assertEqual((g, l), ({'a': 1}, {'b': 2}))
+
+    def test_exec_globals(self):
+        code = compile("print('Hello World!')", "", "exec")
+        # no builtin function
+        # Was:
+        # self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "name 'print' is not defined",
+        #                        exec_, code, {'__builtins__': {}})
+        # Now:
+        self.assertRaises(NameError,
+                          exec_, code, {'__builtins__': {}})
+        # __builtins__ must be a mapping type
+        # Was:
+        # self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+        #                   exec_, code, {'__builtins__': 123})
+        # Raises a NameError again on Py2
+
+        # no __build_class__ function
+        code = compile("class A: pass", "", "exec")
+        # Was:
+        # self.assertRaisesRegex(NameError, "__build_class__ not found",
+        #                        exec_, code, {'__builtins__': {}})
+        self.assertRaises(NameError,
+                          exec_, code, {'__builtins__': {}})
+
+        class frozendict_error(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        class frozendict(dict):
+            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+                raise frozendict_error("frozendict is readonly")
+
+        # This test seems to fail with "TypeError: 'module' object is not iterable":
+        # # read-only builtins
+        # frozen_builtins = frozendict(__builtins__)
+        # code = compile("__builtins__['superglobal']=2; print(superglobal)", "test", "exec")
+        # self.assertRaises(frozendict_error,
+        #                   exec_, code, {'__builtins__': frozen_builtins})
+
+        # read-only globals
+        namespace = frozendict({})
+        code = compile("x=1", "test", "exec")
+        self.assertRaises(frozendict_error,
+                          exec_, code, namespace)
+
+    def test_exec_redirected(self):
+        savestdout = sys.stdout
+        sys.stdout = None # Whatever that cannot flush()
+        try:
+            # Used to raise SystemError('error return without exception set')
+            exec_('a')
+        except NameError:
+            pass
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = savestdout
+
+    def test_filter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda c: 'a' <= c <= 'z', 'Hello World')), list('elloorld'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(None, [1, 'hello', [], [3], '', None, 9, 0])), [1, 'hello', [3], 9])
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, -3, 9, 0, 2])), [1, 9, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(None, Squares(10))), [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81])
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda x: x%2, Squares(10))), [1, 9, 25, 49, 81])
+        def identity(item):
+            return 1
+        filter(identity, Squares(5))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter)
+        class BadSeq(object):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                if index<4:
+                    return 42
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, filter(lambda x: x, BadSeq()))
+        def badfunc():
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, list, filter(badfunc, range(5)))
+
+        # test bltinmodule.c::filtertuple()
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(None, (1, 2))), [1, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(lambda x: x>=3, (1, 2, 3, 4))), [3, 4])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, list, filter(42, (1, 2)))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_filter_pickle(self):
+        f1 = filter(filter_char, "abcdeabcde")
+        f2 = filter(filter_char, "abcdeabcde")
+        self.check_iter_pickle(f1, list(f2))
+
+    def test_getattr(self):
+        self.assertTrue(getattr(sys, 'stdout') is sys.stdout)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1, "foo")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr)
+        # These tests fail on Py2:
+        # self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, sys, chr(sys.maxunicode))
+        # unicode surrogates are not encodable to the default encoding (utf8)
+        # self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, 1, "\uDAD1\uD51E")
+        # This test fails on Py2
+
+    def test_hasattr(self):
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(sys, 'stdout'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr, sys, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr)
+        # Fails on Py2:
+        # self.assertEqual(False, hasattr(sys, chr(sys.maxunicode)))
+
+        # Check that hasattr propagates all exceptions outside of
+        # AttributeError.
+        class A(object):
+            def __getattr__(self, what):
+                raise SystemExit
+        self.assertRaises(SystemExit, hasattr, A(), "b")
+        class B(object):
+            def __getattr__(self, what):
+                raise ValueError
+        # Was: self.assertRaises(ValueError, hasattr, B(), "b")
+        # Fails on Py2
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        hash(None)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1.0))
+        hash('spam')
+        self.assertEqual(hash('spam'), hash(b'spam'))
+        hash((0,1,2,3))
+        def f(): pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, [])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, {})
+        # Bug 1536021: Allow hash to return long objects
+        class X:
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return 2**100
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(hash(X()), int))
+        class Z(int):
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return self
+        self.assertEqual(hash(Z(42)), hash(42))
+
+    def test_hex(self):
+        self.assertEqual(hex(16), '0x10')
+        self.assertEqual(hex(-16), '-0x10')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hex, {})
+
+    def test_id(self):
+        id(None)
+        id(1)
+        id(1.0)
+        id('spam')
+        id((0,1,2,3))
+        id([0,1,2,3])
+        id({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'ham': 3})
+
+    # Test input() later, alphabetized as if it were raw_input
+
+    def test_iter(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter, 42, 42)
+        lists = [("1", "2"), ["1", "2"], "12"]
+        for l in lists:
+            i = iter(l)
+            self.assertEqual(next(i), '1')
+            self.assertEqual(next(i), '2')
+            self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, i)
+
+    def test_isinstance(self):
+        class C:
+            pass
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        class E:
+            pass
+        c = C()
+        d = D()
+        e = E()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, C))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, C))
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance(e, C))
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance(c, D))
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance('foo', E))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance, E, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance)
+
+    def test_issubclass(self):
+        class C:
+            pass
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        class E:
+            pass
+        c = C()
+        d = D()
+        e = E()
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(D, C))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, C))
+        self.assertTrue(not issubclass(C, D))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, 'foo', E)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, E, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass)
+
+    def test_len(self):
+        self.assertEqual(len('123'), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(len(()), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len((1, 2, 3, 4)), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(len([1, 2, 3, 4]), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(len({}), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len({'a':1, 'b': 2}), 2)
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __len__(self):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, BadSeq())
+        class InvalidLen:
+            def __len__(self):
+                return None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, InvalidLen())
+        class FloatLen:
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 4.5
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, FloatLen())
+        class HugeLen:
+            def __len__(self):
+                return sys.maxsize + 1
+        # Was: self.assertRaises(OverflowError, len, HugeLen())
+        class NoLenMethod(object): pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, NoLenMethod())
+
+    def test_map(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(lambda x: x*x, range(1,4))),
+            [1, 4, 9]
+        )
+        try:
+            from math import sqrt
+        except ImportError:
+            def sqrt(x):
+                return pow(x, 0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(lambda x: list(map(sqrt, x)), [[16, 4], [81, 9]])),
+            [[4.0, 2.0], [9.0, 3.0]]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(lambda x, y: x+y, [1,3,2], [9,1,4])),
+            [10, 4, 6]
+        )
+
+        def plus(*v):
+            accu = 0
+            for i in v: accu = accu + i
+            return accu
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(plus, [1, 3, 7])),
+            [1, 3, 7]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2])),
+            [1+4, 3+9, 7+2]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2], [1, 1, 0])),
+            [1+4+1, 3+9+1, 7+2+0]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(int, Squares(10))),
+            [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
+        )
+        def Max(a, b):
+            if a is None:
+                return b
+            if b is None:
+                return a
+            return max(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(map(Max, Squares(3), Squares(2))),
+            [0, 1]
+        )
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, map)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, map, lambda x: x, 42)
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __iter__(self):
+                raise ValueError
+                yield None
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, map(lambda x: x, BadSeq()))
+        def badfunc(x):
+            raise RuntimeError
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, list, map(badfunc, range(5)))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_map_pickle(self):
+        m1 = map(map_char, "Is this the real life?")
+        m2 = map(map_char, "Is this the real life?")
+        self.check_iter_pickle(m1, list(m2))
+
+    def test_max(self):
+        self.assertEqual(max('123123'), '3')
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(max((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(max([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3.0), 3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2.0, 3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(max(1.0, 2, 3), 3)
+
+        for stmt in (
+            "max(key=int)",                 # no args
+            "max(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable
+            "max(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword
+            "max(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords
+            "max(1, 2, key=1)",             # keyfunc is not callable
+            ):
+            try:
+                exec_(stmt, globals())
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail(stmt)
+
+        self.assertEqual(max((1,), key=neg), 1)     # one elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(max((1,2), key=neg), 1)    # two elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, key=neg), 1)     # two elems
+
+        data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
+        keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
+        f = keys.__getitem__
+        self.assertEqual(max(data, key=f),
+                         sorted(reversed(data), key=f)[-1])
+
+        self.assertEqual(max([], default=5), 5)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            max(None, default=5)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            max(1, 2, default=0)
+        self.assertEqual(max([], default=0), 0)
+        self.assertIs(max([], default=None), None)
+
+    def test_min(self):
+        self.assertEqual(min('123123'), '1')
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3.0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2.0, 3), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min(1.0, 2, 3), 1.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, min)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, min, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, ())
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, BadSeq())
+        self.assertEqual(max(x for x in [5, 4, 3]), 5)
+
+        for stmt in (
+            "min(key=int)",                 # no args
+            "min(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable
+            "min(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword
+            "min(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords
+            "min(1, 2, key=1)",             # keyfunc is not callable
+            ):
+            try:
+                exec_(stmt, globals())
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail(stmt)
+
+        self.assertEqual(min((1,), key=neg), 1)     # one elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(min((1,2), key=neg), 2)    # two elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, key=neg), 2)     # two elems
+
+        data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
+        keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
+        f = keys.__getitem__
+        self.assertEqual(min(data, key=f),
+                         sorted(data, key=f)[0])
+        self.assertEqual(min([], default=5), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(min([], default=0), 0)
+        self.assertIs(min([], default=None), None)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            max(None, default=5)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            max(1, 2, default=0)
+
+        # Test iterables that can only be looped once #510
+        self.assertEqual(min(x for x in [5]), 5)
+
+    def test_next(self):
+        it = iter(range(2))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
+
+        class Iter(object):
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+            def __next__(self):
+                raise StopIteration
+
+        # Was: it = iter(Iter())
+        # Needs this on Py2:
+        Iter = implements_iterator(Iter)
+        it = iter(Iter())
+        self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+
+        def gen():
+            yield 1
+            return
+
+        it = gen()
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
+
+    def test_oct(self):
+        self.assertEqual(oct(100), '0o144')
+        self.assertEqual(oct(-100), '-0o144')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, oct, ())
+
+    def write_testfile(self):
+        # NB the first 4 lines are also used to test input, below
+        fp = open(TESTFN, 'w')
+        try:
+            fp.write('1+1\n')
+            fp.write('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')
+            fp.write('.\n')
+            fp.write('Dear John\n')
+            fp.write('XXX'*100)
+            fp.write('YYY'*100)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def test_open(self):
+        self.write_testfile()
+        fp = open(TESTFN, 'r')
+        try:
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), 'Dear')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(100), ' John\n')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.read(300), 'XXX'*100)
+            self.assertEqual(fp.read(1000), 'YYY'*100)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+            unlink(TESTFN)
+
+    def test_open_default_encoding(self):
+        old_environ = dict(os.environ)
+        try:
+            # try to get a user preferred encoding different than the current
+            # locale encoding to check that open() uses the current locale
+            # encoding and not the user preferred encoding
+            for key in ('LC_ALL', 'LANG', 'LC_CTYPE'):
+                if key in os.environ:
+                    del os.environ[key]
+
+            self.write_testfile()
+            current_locale_encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+            fp = open(TESTFN, 'w')
+            try:
+                self.assertEqual(fp.encoding, current_locale_encoding)
+            finally:
+                fp.close()
+                unlink(TESTFN)
+        finally:
+            os.environ.clear()
+            os.environ.update(old_environ)
+
+    def test_ord(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ord(' '), 32)
+        self.assertEqual(ord('A'), 65)
+        self.assertEqual(ord('a'), 97)
+        self.assertEqual(ord('\x80'), 128)
+        self.assertEqual(ord('\xff'), 255)
+
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b' '), 32)
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b'A'), 65)
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b'a'), 97)
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b'\x80'), 128)
+        self.assertEqual(ord(b'\xff'), 255)
+
+        self.assertEqual(ord(chr(sys.maxunicode)), sys.maxunicode)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, 42)
+
+    def test_pow(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pow(0,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(0,1), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(1,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(1,1), 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,10), 1024)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,20), 1024*1024)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,30), 1024*1024*1024)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,1), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,2), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,3), -8)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,1), 0.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,1), 1.)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,10), 1024.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,20), 1024.*1024.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,30), 1024.*1024.*1024.)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,1), -2.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,2), 4.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,3), -8.)
+
+        for x in 2, int(2), 2.0:
+            for y in 10, int(10), 10.0:
+                for z in 1000, int(1000), 1000.0:
+                    if isinstance(x, float) or \
+                       isinstance(y, float) or \
+                       isinstance(z, float):
+                        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, x, y, z)
+                    else:
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(x, y, z), 24.0)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-1, 0.5), 1j)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-1, 1/3), 0.5 + 0.8660254037844386j)
+
+        # Raises TypeError in Python < v3.5, ValueError in v3.5:
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError), pow, -1, -2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1, 2, 0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow)
+
+    def test_input(self):
+        self.write_testfile()
+        fp = open(TESTFN, 'r')
+        savestdin = sys.stdin
+        savestdout = sys.stdout # Eats the echo
+        try:
+            sys.stdin = fp
+            sys.stdout = BitBucket()
+            self.assertEqual(input(), "1+1")
+            self.assertEqual(input(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.')
+            self.assertEqual(input('testing\n'), 'Dear John')
+
+            # SF 1535165: don't segfault on closed stdin
+            # sys.stdout must be a regular file for triggering
+            sys.stdout = savestdout
+            sys.stdin.close()
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, input)
+
+            sys.stdout = BitBucket()
+            sys.stdin = io.StringIO("NULL\0")
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, input, 42, 42)
+            sys.stdin = io.StringIO("    'whitespace'")
+            self.assertEqual(input(), "    'whitespace'")
+            sys.stdin = io.StringIO()
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, input)
+
+            del sys.stdout
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')
+            del sys.stdin
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')
+        finally:
+            sys.stdin = savestdin
+            sys.stdout = savestdout
+            fp.close()
+            unlink(TESTFN)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pty, "the pty and signal modules must be available")
+    def check_input_tty(self, prompt, terminal_input, stdio_encoding=None):
+        if not sys.stdin.isatty() or not sys.stdout.isatty():
+            self.skipTest("stdin and stdout must be ttys")
+        r, w = os.pipe()
+        try:
+            pid, fd = pty.fork()
+        except (OSError, AttributeError) as e:
+            os.close(r)
+            os.close(w)
+            self.skipTest("pty.fork() raised {0}".format(e))
+        if pid == 0:
+            # Child
+            try:
+                # Make sure we don't get stuck if there's a problem
+                signal.alarm(2)
+                os.close(r)
+                # Check the error handlers are accounted for
+                if stdio_encoding:
+                    sys.stdin = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdin.detach(),
+                                                 encoding=stdio_encoding,
+                                                 errors='surrogateescape')
+                    sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.detach(),
+                                                  encoding=stdio_encoding,
+                                                  errors='replace')
+                with open(w, "w") as wpipe:
+                    print("tty =", sys.stdin.isatty() and sys.stdout.isatty(), file=wpipe)
+                    print(ascii(input(prompt)), file=wpipe)
+            except:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+            finally:
+                # We don't want to return to unittest...
+                os._exit(0)
+        # Parent
+        os.close(w)
+        os.write(fd, terminal_input + b"\r\n")
+        # Get results from the pipe
+        with open(r, "r") as rpipe:
+            lines = []
+            while True:
+                line = rpipe.readline().strip()
+                if line == "":
+                    # The other end was closed => the child exited
+                    break
+                lines.append(line)
+        # Check the result was got and corresponds to the user's terminal input
+        if len(lines) != 2:
+            # Something went wrong, try to get at stderr
+            with open(fd, "r", encoding="ascii", errors="ignore") as child_output:
+                self.fail("got %d lines in pipe but expected 2, child output was:\n%s"
+                          % (len(lines), child_output.read()))
+        os.close(fd)
+        # Check we did exercise the GNU readline path
+        self.assertIn(lines[0], set(['tty = True', 'tty = False']))
+        if lines[0] != 'tty = True':
+            self.skipTest("standard IO in should have been a tty")
+        input_result = eval(lines[1])   # ascii() -> eval() roundtrip
+        if stdio_encoding:
+            expected = terminal_input.decode(stdio_encoding, 'surrogateescape')
+        else:
+            expected = terminal_input.decode(sys.stdin.encoding)  # what else?
+        self.assertEqual(input_result, expected)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_input_tty(self):
+        # Test input() functionality when wired to a tty (the code path
+        # is different and invokes GNU readline if available).
+        self.check_input_tty("prompt", b"quux")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_input_tty_non_ascii(self):
+        # Check stdin/stdout encoding is used when invoking GNU readline
+        self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux\xe9", "utf-8")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_input_tty_non_ascii_unicode_errors(self):
+        # Check stdin/stdout error handler is used when invoking GNU readline
+        self.check_input_tty("prompté", b"quux\xe9", "ascii")
+
+    # test_int(): see test_int.py for tests of built-in function int().
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        # Was: self.assertEqual(repr(''), "\'\'")
+        # Why is this failing on Py2.7? A Heisenbug ...
+        self.assertEqual(repr(0), '0')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(()), '()')
+        self.assertEqual(repr([]), '[]')
+        self.assertEqual(repr({}), '{}')
+
+        # Future versions of the above:
+        self.assertEqual(repr(str('')), '\'\'')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(int(0)), '0')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(dict({})), '{}')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(dict()), '{}')
+
+        a = []
+        a.append(a)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), '[[...]]')
+        a = {}
+        a[0] = a
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), '{0: {...}}')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_round(self):
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.0), 0.0)
+        # Was: self.assertEqual(type(round(0.0)), int)
+        # Now:
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(round(0.0), int))
+        self.assertEqual(round(1.0), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.0), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.0), 1000000000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1e20), 1e20)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1.0), -1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-10.0), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.0), -1000000000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1e20), -1e20)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.1), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1.1), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.1), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.1), 1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1.1), -1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-10.1), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.1), -1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.9), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(9.9), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(999999999.9), 1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-0.9), -1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-9.9), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-999999999.9), -1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-8.0, -1), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, -1)), float)
+
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 0)), float)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 1)), float)
+
+        # Check even / odd rounding behaviour
+        self.assertEqual(round(5.5), 6)
+        self.assertEqual(round(6.5), 6)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-5.5), -6)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-6.5), -6)
+
+        # Check behavior on ints
+        self.assertEqual(round(0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(8), 8)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-8), -8)
+        # Was:
+        # self.assertEqual(type(round(0)), int)
+        # self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, -1)), int)
+        # self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 0)), int)
+        # self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 1)), int)
+        # Now:
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(round(0), int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(round(-8, -1), int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(round(-8, 0), int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(round(-8, 1), int))
+
+        # test new kwargs
+        self.assertEqual(round(number=-8.0, ndigits=-1), -10.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round)
+
+        # test generic rounding delegation for reals
+        class TestRound:
+            def __round__(self):
+                return 23
+
+        class TestNoRound:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(TestRound()), 23)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, 1, 2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, TestNoRound())
+
+        t = TestNoRound()
+        t.__round__ = lambda *args: args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t, 0)
+
+    # # Some versions of glibc for alpha have a bug that affects
+    # # float -> integer rounding (floor, ceil, rint, round) for
+    # # values in the range [2**52, 2**53).  See:
+    # #
+    # #   http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5350
+    # #
+    # # We skip this test on Linux/alpha if it would fail.
+    # linux_alpha = (platform.system().startswith('Linux') and
+    #                platform.machine().startswith('alpha'))
+    # system_round_bug = round(5e15+1) != 5e15+1
+    # @unittest.skipIf(PY26)linux_alpha and system_round_bug,
+    #                  "test will fail;  failure is probably due to a "
+    #                  "buggy system round function")
+    @skip26
+    def test_round_large(self):
+        # Issue #1869: integral floats should remain unchanged
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15-1), 5e15-1)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15), 5e15)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15+1), 5e15+1)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15+2), 5e15+2)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15+3), 5e15+3)
+
+    def test_setattr(self):
+        setattr(sys, 'spam', 1)
+        self.assertEqual(sys.spam, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, sys, 1, 'spam')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr)
+
+    # test_str(): see test_unicode.py and test_bytes.py for str() tests.
+
+    def test_sum(self):
+        self.assertEqual(sum([]), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(list(range(2,8))), 27)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(iter(list(range(2,8)))), 27)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(Squares(10)), 285)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(iter(Squares(10))), 285)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([[1], [2], [3]], []), [1, 2, 3])
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'], '')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [b'a', b'c'], b'')
+        # Was:
+        # values = [bytearray(b'a'), bytearray(b'b')]
+        # self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, values, bytearray(b''))
+        # Currently fails on Py2 -- i.e. sum(values, bytearray(b'')) is allowed
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [[1], [2], [3]])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}]*2, {2:3})
+
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, sum, BadSeq())
+
+        empty = []
+        sum(([x] for x in range(10)), empty)
+        self.assertEqual(empty, [])
+
+    def test_type(self):
+        self.assertEqual(type(''),  type('123'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(''), type(()))
+
+    # We don't want self in vars(), so these are static methods
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_vars_f0():
+        return vars()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_vars_f2():
+        BuiltinTest.get_vars_f0()
+        a = 1
+        b = 2
+        return vars()
+
+    class C_get_vars(object):
+        def getDict(self):
+            return {'a':2}
+        __dict__ = property(fget=getDict)
+
+    def test_vars(self):
+        self.assertEqual(set(vars()), set(dir()))
+        self.assertEqual(set(vars(sys)), set(dir(sys)))
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f0(), {})
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f2(), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(vars(self.C_get_vars()), {'a':2})
+
+    def test_zip(self):
+        a = (1, 2, 3)
+        b = (4, 5, 6)
+        t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, b)), t)
+        b = [4, 5, 6]
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, b)), t)
+        b = (4, 5, 6, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, b)), t)
+        class I:
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if i < 0 or i > 2: raise IndexError
+                return i + 4
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, I())), t)
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip()), [])
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip(*[])), [])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, None)
+        class G:
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, a, G())
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, zip, a, TestFailingIter())
+
+        # Make sure zip doesn't try to allocate a billion elements for the
+        # result list when one of its arguments doesn't say how long it is.
+        # A MemoryError is the most likely failure mode.
+        class SequenceWithoutALength:
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if i == 5:
+                    raise IndexError
+                else:
+                    return i
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(zip(SequenceWithoutALength(), range(2**30))),
+            list(enumerate(range(5)))
+        )
+
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if i == 5:
+                    raise ValueError
+                else:
+                    return i
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, zip(BadSeq(), BadSeq()))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_zip_pickle(self):
+        a = (1, 2, 3)
+        b = (4, 5, 6)
+        t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
+        z1 = zip(a, b)
+        self.check_iter_pickle(z1, t)
+
+    def test_format(self):
+        # Test the basic machinery of the format() builtin.  Don't test
+        #  the specifics of the various formatters
+        self.assertEqual(format(3, ''), '3')
+
+        # Returns some classes to use for various tests.  There's
+        #  an old-style version, and a new-style version
+        def classes_new():
+            class A(object):
+                def __init__(self, x):
+                    self.x = x
+                def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                    return str(self.x) + format_spec
+            class DerivedFromA(A):
+                pass
+
+            class Simple(object): pass
+            class DerivedFromSimple(Simple):
+                def __init__(self, x):
+                    self.x = x
+                def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                    return str(self.x) + format_spec
+            class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass
+            return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2
+
+        def class_test(A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2):
+            self.assertEqual(format(A(3), 'spec'), '3spec')
+            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromA(4), 'spec'), '4spec')
+            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple(5), 'abc'), '5abc')
+            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple2(10), 'abcdef'),
+                             '10abcdef')
+
+        class_test(*classes_new())
+
+        def empty_format_spec(value):
+            # test that:
+            #  format(x, '') == str(x)
+            #  format(x) == str(x)
+            self.assertEqual(format(value, ""), str(value))
+            self.assertEqual(format(value), str(value))
+
+        # for builtin types, format(x, "") == str(x)
+        empty_format_spec(17**13)
+        empty_format_spec(1.0)
+        empty_format_spec(3.1415e104)
+        empty_format_spec(-3.1415e104)
+        empty_format_spec(3.1415e-104)
+        empty_format_spec(-3.1415e-104)
+        empty_format_spec(object)
+        empty_format_spec(None)
+
+        # TypeError because self.__format__ returns the wrong type
+        class BadFormatResult:
+            def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                return 1.0
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, BadFormatResult(), "")
+
+        # TypeError because format_spec is not unicode or str
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), 4)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), object())
+
+        # tests for object.__format__ really belong elsewhere, but
+        #  there's no good place to put them
+        x = object().__format__('')
+        self.assertTrue(x.startswith('<object object at'))
+
+        # first argument to object.__format__ must be string
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, object())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, None)
+
+        # --------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Issue #7994: object.__format__ with a non-empty format string is
+        #  deprecated
+        def test_deprecated_format_string(obj, fmt_str, should_raise_warning):
+            if sys.version_info[0] == 3 and sys.version_info[1] >= 4:
+                if should_raise_warning:
+                    self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, obj, fmt_str)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        format(obj, fmt_str)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        self.fail('object.__format__ raised TypeError unexpectedly')
+            else:
+                with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+                    warnings.simplefilter("always", DeprecationWarning)
+                    format(obj, fmt_str)
+            # Was:
+            # if should_raise_warning:
+            #     self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
+            #     self.assertIsInstance(w[0].message, DeprecationWarning)
+            #     self.assertIn('object.__format__ with a non-empty format '
+            #                   'string', str(w[0].message))
+            # else:
+            #     self.assertEqual(len(w), 0)
+            # Py2.7 fails these tests
+
+        fmt_strs = ['', 's']
+
+        class A:
+            def __format__(self, fmt_str):
+                return format('', fmt_str)
+
+        for fmt_str in fmt_strs:
+            test_deprecated_format_string(A(), fmt_str, False)
+
+        class B:
+            pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+
+        for cls in [object, B, C]:
+            for fmt_str in fmt_strs:
+                test_deprecated_format_string(cls(), fmt_str, len(fmt_str) != 0)
+        # --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        # make sure we can take a subclass of str as a format spec
+        class DerivedFromStr(str): pass
+        self.assertEqual(format(0, DerivedFromStr('10')), '         0')
+
+    def test_bin(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bin(0), '0b0')
+        self.assertEqual(bin(1), '0b1')
+        self.assertEqual(bin(-1), '-0b1')
+        self.assertEqual(bin(2**65), '0b1' + '0' * 65)
+        self.assertEqual(bin(2**65-1), '0b' + '1' * 65)
+        self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65)), '-0b1' + '0' * 65)
+        self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65-1)), '-0b' + '1' * 65)
+
+    def test_bytearray_translate(self):
+        x = bytearray(b"abc")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, x.translate, b"1", 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, x.translate, b"1"*256, 1)
+
+    def test_construct_singletons(self):
+        for const in None, Ellipsis, NotImplemented:
+            tp = type(const)
+            # Was: self.assertIs(tp(), const)
+            # Fails for Py2
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, tp, 1, 2)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, tp, a=1, b=2)
+
+class TestSorted(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        data = list(range(100))
+        copy = data[:]
+        random.shuffle(copy)
+        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy))
+        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
+
+        data.reverse()
+        random.shuffle(copy)
+        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, key=lambda x: -x))
+        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
+        random.shuffle(copy)
+        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, reverse=1))
+        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
+
+    def test_inputtypes(self):
+        s = 'abracadabra'
+        types = [list, tuple, str]
+        for T in types:
+            self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))
+
+        s = ''.join(set(s))  # unique letters only
+        types = [str, set, frozenset, list, tuple, dict.fromkeys]
+        for T in types:
+            self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))
+
+    def test_baddecorator(self):
+        data = 'The quick Brown fox Jumped over The lazy Dog'.split()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sorted, data, None, lambda x,y: 0)
+
+
+    # def test_input(self, interpreter='python2'):
+    #     """
+    #     Passes in a string to the waiting input()
+    #     """
+    #     code = '''
+    #     from future.builtins import input
+    #     def greet(name):
+    #         print "Hello, {0}!".format(name)
+    #     print "What's your name?"
+    #     name = input()
+    #     greet(name)
+    #     '''
+    #     with open(self.tempdir + 'input_test_script.py', 'w') as f:
+    #         f.write(textwrap.dedent(code))
+    #     p1 = Popen([interpreter, 'input_test_script.py'], stdout=PIPE, stdin=PIPE, stderr=None)
+    #     (stdout, stderr) = p1.communicate(b'Ed')
+    #     # print(stdout)
+    #     # print(stderr)
+    #     self.assertEqual(stdout, b"What's your name?\nHello, Ed!\n")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_builtins_explicit_import.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_builtins_explicit_import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24800c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_builtins_explicit_import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""
+Tests to make sure that all builtins can be imported explicitly from the
+future.builtins namespace.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import (filter, map, zip)
+from future.builtins import (ascii, chr, hex, input, isinstance, next, oct, open)
+from future.builtins import (bytes, dict, int, range, round, str, super)
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class TestBuiltinsExplicitImport(unittest.TestCase):
+    pass
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_bytes.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_bytes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b157d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_bytes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,786 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the backported bytes object
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+from future.builtins import *
+from future import utils
+
+from numbers import Integral
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY2
+
+
+TEST_UNICODE_STR = u'ℝεα∂@ßʟ℮ ☂ℯṧт υηḯ¢☺ḓ℮'
+# Tk icon as a .gif:
+TEST_BYTE_STR = b'GIF89a\x0e\x00\x0b\x00\x80\xff\x00\xff\x00\x00\xc0\xc0\xc0!\xf9\x04\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00,\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0e\x00\x0b\x00@\x02\x1f\x0c\x8e\x10\xbb\xcan\x90\x99\xaf&\xd8\x1a\xce\x9ar\x06F\xd7\xf1\x90\xa1c\x9e\xe8\x84\x99\x89\x97\xa2J\x01\x00;\x1a\x14\x00;;\xba\nD\x14\x00\x00;;'
+
+
+class TestBytes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_bytes_encoding_arg(self):
+        """
+        The bytes class has changed in Python 3 to accept an
+        additional argument in the constructor: encoding.
+
+        It would be nice to support this without breaking the
+        isinstance(..., bytes) test below.
+        """
+        u = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+        b = bytes(u, encoding='utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))
+
+        nu = str(u)
+        b = bytes(nu, encoding='utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))
+
+    def test_bytes_encoding_arg_issue_193(self):
+        """
+        This used to be True: bytes(str(u'abc'), 'utf8') == b"b'abc'"
+        """
+        u = u'abc'
+        b = bytes(str(u), 'utf8')
+        self.assertNotEqual(b, b"b'abc'")
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(b, bytes(b'abc'))
+
+    def test_bytes_encoding_arg_non_kwarg(self):
+        """
+        As above, but with a positional argument
+        """
+        u = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+        b = bytes(u, 'utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))
+
+        nu = str(u)
+        b = bytes(nu, 'utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(b, u.encode('utf-8'))
+
+    def test_bytes_string_no_encoding(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes(u'ABC')
+
+    def test_bytes_int(self):
+        """
+        In Py3, bytes(int) -> bytes object of size given by the parameter initialized with null
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(5), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        # Test using newint:
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(int(5)), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(bytes(int(5)), bytes))
+
+        # Negative counts are not allowed in Py3:
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            bytes(-1)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            bytes(int(-1))
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, 'test not needed on Py3: all ints are long')
+    def test_bytes_long(self):
+        """
+        As above, but explicitly feeding in a long on Py2. Note that
+        checks like:
+            isinstance(n, int)
+        are fragile on Py2, because isinstance(10L, int) is False.
+        """
+        m = long(5)
+        n = long(-1)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(m), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        # Negative counts are not allowed in Py3:
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            bytes(n)
+
+    def test_bytes_empty(self):
+        """
+        bytes() -> b''
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(), b'')
+
+    def test_bytes_iterable_of_ints(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes([65, 66, 67]), b'ABC')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes([int(120), int(121), int(122)]), b'xyz')
+
+    def test_bytes_bytes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'ABC'), b'ABC')
+
+    def test_bytes_is_bytes(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABC')
+        self.assertTrue(bytes(b) is b)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(bytes(b)), "b'ABC'")
+
+    def test_bytes_fromhex(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bytes.fromhex('bb 0f'), b'\xbb\x0f')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes.fromhex('1234'), b'\x124')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes.fromhex('12ffa0'), b'\x12\xff\xa0')
+        b = b'My bytestring'
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b).fromhex('bb 0f'), b'\xbb\x0f')
+
+    def test_isinstance_bytes(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(bytes(b'blah'), bytes))
+
+    def test_isinstance_bytes_subclass(self):
+        """
+        Issue #89
+        """
+        value = bytes(b'abc')
+        class Magic(bytes):
+            pass
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, bytes))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(value, Magic))
+
+    def test_isinstance_oldbytestrings_bytes(self):
+        """
+        Watch out for this. Byte-strings produced in various places in Py2
+        are of type 'str'. With 'from future.builtins import bytes', 'bytes'
+        is redefined to be a subclass of 'str', not just an alias for 'str'.
+        """
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b'blah', bytes))   # not with the redefined bytes obj
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(u'blah'.encode('utf-8'), bytes))   # not with the redefined bytes obj
+
+    def test_bytes_getitem(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(b[0], 65)
+        self.assertEqual(b[-1], 68)
+        self.assertEqual(b[0:1], b'A')
+        self.assertEqual(b[:], b'ABCD')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_b_literal_creates_newbytes_object(self):
+        """
+        It would nice if the b'' literal syntax could be coaxed into producing
+        bytes objects somehow ... ;)
+        """
+        b = b'ABCD'
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(b[0], 65)
+        self.assertTrue(repr(b).startswith('b'))
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(repr(b).startswith('b'))
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(str(b), "b'ABCD'")
+
+    def test_bytes_setitem(self):
+        b = b'ABCD'
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b[0] = b'B'
+
+    def test_bytes_iteration(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        for item in b:
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(item, Integral))
+        self.assertEqual(list(b), [65, 66, 67, 68])
+
+    def test_bytes_plus_unicode_string(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        u = u'EFGH'
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b + u
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            u + b
+
+    def test_bytes_plus_bytes(self):
+        b1 = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        b2 = b1 + b1
+        self.assertEqual(b2, b'ABCDABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b2, bytes))
+
+        b3 = b1 + b'ZYXW'
+        self.assertEqual(b3, b'ABCDZYXW')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b3, bytes))
+
+        b4 = b'ZYXW' + b1
+        self.assertEqual(b4, b'ZYXWABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b4, bytes))
+
+    def test_find_not_found(self):
+        self.assertEqual(-1, bytes(b'ABCDE').find(b':'))
+
+    def test_find_found(self):
+        self.assertEqual(2, bytes(b'AB:CD:E').find(b':'))
+
+    def test_rfind_not_found(self):
+        self.assertEqual(-1, bytes(b'ABCDE').rfind(b':'))
+
+    def test_rfind_found(self):
+        self.assertEqual(5, bytes(b'AB:CD:E').rfind(b':'))
+
+    def test_bytes_join_bytes(self):
+        b = bytes(b' * ')
+        strings = [b'AB', b'EFGH', b'IJKL']
+        result = b.join(strings)
+        self.assertEqual(result, b'AB * EFGH * IJKL')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, bytes))
+
+    def test_bytes_join_others(self):
+        b = bytes(b' ')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b.join([42])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b.join(b'blah')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b.join(bytes(b'blah'))
+
+    def test_bytes_join_unicode_strings(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        strings = [u'EFGH', u'IJKL']
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b.join(strings)
+
+    def test_bytes_replace(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        c = b.replace(b'A', b'F')
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'FBCD')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, bytes))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b.replace(b'A', u'F')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b.replace(u'A', b'F')
+
+    def test_bytes_partition(self):
+        b1 = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        parts = b1.partition(b'B')
+        self.assertEqual(parts, (b'A', b'B', b'CD'))
+        self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(p, bytes) for p in parts]))
+
+        b2 = bytes(b'ABCDABCD')
+        parts = b2.partition(b'B')
+        self.assertEqual(parts, (b'A', b'B', b'CDABCD'))
+
+    def test_bytes_rpartition(self):
+        b2 = bytes(b'ABCDABCD')
+        parts = b2.rpartition(b'B')
+        self.assertEqual(parts, (b'ABCDA', b'B', b'CD'))
+        self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(p, bytes) for p in parts]))
+
+    def test_bytes_contains_something(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(b'A' in b)
+        self.assertTrue(65 in b)
+
+        self.assertTrue(b'AB' in b)
+        self.assertTrue(bytes([65, 66]) in b)
+
+        self.assertFalse(b'AC' in b)
+        self.assertFalse(bytes([65, 67]) in b)
+
+        self.assertFalse(b'Z' in b)
+        self.assertFalse(99 in b)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            u'A' in b
+
+    def test_bytes_index(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(b.index(b'B'), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(b.index(67), 2)
+
+    def test_startswith(self):
+        b = bytes(b'abcd')
+        self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b'a'))
+        self.assertTrue(b.startswith((b'a', b'b')))
+        self.assertTrue(b.startswith(bytes(b'ab')))
+        self.assertFalse(b.startswith((b'A', b'B')))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            b.startswith(65)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            b.startswith([b'A'])
+        exc = str(cm.exception)
+        # self.assertIn('bytes', exc)
+        # self.assertIn('tuple', exc)
+
+    def test_endswith(self):
+        b = bytes(b'abcd')
+        self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b'd'))
+        self.assertTrue(b.endswith((b'c', b'd')))
+        self.assertTrue(b.endswith(bytes(b'cd')))
+        self.assertFalse(b.endswith((b'A', b'B')))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            b.endswith(65)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            b.endswith([b'D'])
+        exc = str(cm.exception)
+        # self.assertIn('bytes', exc)
+        # self.assertIn('tuple', exc)
+
+    def test_decode(self):
+        b = bytes(b'abcd')
+        s = b.decode('utf-8')
+        self.assertEqual(s, 'abcd')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, str))
+
+    def test_encode(self):
+        b = bytes(b'abcd')
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as cm:
+            b.encode('utf-8')
+
+    def test_eq(self):
+        """
+        Equals: ==
+        """
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(b == b'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(b'ABCD', b)
+        self.assertEqual(b, b)
+        self.assertFalse(b == b'ABC')
+        self.assertFalse(b == bytes(b'ABC'))
+        self.assertFalse(b == u'ABCD')
+        self.assertFalse(b == str('ABCD'))
+        # Fails:
+        # self.assertFalse(u'ABCD' == b)
+        self.assertFalse(str('ABCD') == b)
+
+        self.assertFalse(b == list(b))
+        self.assertFalse(b == str(b))
+        self.assertFalse(b == u'ABC')
+        self.assertFalse(bytes(b'Z') == 90)
+
+    def test_ne(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertFalse(b != b)
+        self.assertFalse(b != b'ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(b != b'ABCDEFG')
+        self.assertTrue(b != bytes(b'ABCDEFG'))
+        self.assertTrue(b'ABCDEFG' != b)
+
+        # self.assertTrue(b'ABCD' != u'ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(b != u'ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(b != u'ABCDE')
+        self.assertTrue(bytes(b'') != str(u''))
+        self.assertTrue(str(u'') != bytes(b''))
+
+        self.assertTrue(b != list(b))
+        self.assertTrue(b != str(b))
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        d = {}
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        native_b = b'ABCD'
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        native_s = u'ABCD'
+        d[b] = b
+        d[s] = s
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)
+        # This should overwrite d[s] but not d[b]:
+        d[native_s] = native_s
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)
+        # This should overwrite d[native_s] again:
+        d[s] = s
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(set(d.keys()), set([s, b]))
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_hash_with_native_types(self):
+        # Warning: initializing the dict with native Py2 types throws the
+        # hashing out:
+        d = {u'ABCD': u'ABCD', b'ABCD': b'ABCD'}
+        # On Py2: len(d) == 1
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        d[s] = s
+        d[b] = b
+        # Fails:
+        self.assertEqual(len(d) > 1)
+
+    def test_add(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABC')
+        c = bytes(b'XYZ')
+        d = b + c
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(d, b'ABCXYZ')
+        f = b + b'abc'
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(f, b'ABCabc')
+        g = b'abc' + b
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(g, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(g, b'abcABC')
+
+    def test_cmp(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABC')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b > 3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b > u'XYZ'
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b <= 3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b >= int(3)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b < 3.3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b > (3.3 + 3j)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b >= (1, 2)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b <= [1, 2]
+
+    def test_mul(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABC')
+        c = b * 4
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'ABCABCABCABC')
+        d = b * int(4)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(d, b'ABCABCABCABC')
+        if utils.PY2:
+            e = b * long(4)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, bytes))
+            self.assertEqual(e, b'ABCABCABCABC')
+
+    def test_rmul(self):
+        b = bytes(b'XYZ')
+        c = 3 * b
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'XYZXYZXYZ')
+        d = b * int(3)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, bytes))
+        self.assertEqual(d, b'XYZXYZXYZ')
+        if utils.PY2:
+            e = long(3) * b
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, bytes))
+            self.assertEqual(e, b'XYZXYZXYZ')
+
+    def test_slice(self):
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        c1 = b[:]
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c1, bytes))
+        self.assertTrue(c1 == b)
+        # The following is not true, whereas it is true normally on Py2 and
+        # Py3. Does this matter?:
+        # self.assertTrue(c1 is b)
+
+        c2 = b[10:]
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c2, bytes))
+        self.assertTrue(c2 == bytes(b''))
+        self.assertTrue(c2 == b'')
+
+        c3 = b[:0]
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c3, bytes))
+        self.assertTrue(c3 == bytes(b''))
+        self.assertTrue(c3 == b'')
+
+        c4 = b[:1]
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c4, bytes))
+        self.assertTrue(c4 == bytes(b'A'))
+        self.assertTrue(c4 == b'A')
+
+        c5 = b[:-1]
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c5, bytes))
+        self.assertTrue(c5 == bytes(b'ABC'))
+        self.assertTrue(c5 == b'ABC')
+
+    def test_bytes_frozenset(self):
+        _ALWAYS_SAFE = bytes(b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
+                             b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+                             b'0123456789'
+                             b'_.-')                   # from Py3.3's urllib.parse
+        s = frozenset(_ALWAYS_SAFE)
+        self.assertTrue(65 in s)
+        self.assertFalse(64 in s)
+        # Convert back to bytes
+        b1 = bytes(s)
+        self.assertTrue(65 in b1)
+        self.assertEqual(set(b1), set(_ALWAYS_SAFE))
+
+    def test_bytes_within_range(self):
+        """
+        Python 3 does this:
+        >>> bytes([255, 254, 256])
+        ValueError
+          ...
+        ValueError: bytes must be in range(0, 256)
+
+        Ensure our bytes() constructor has the same behaviour
+        """
+        b1 = bytes([254, 255])
+        self.assertEqual(b1, b'\xfe\xff')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            b2 = bytes([254, 255, 256])
+
+    def test_bytes_hasattr_encode(self):
+        """
+        This test tests whether hasattr(b, 'encode') is False, like it is on Py3.
+        """
+        b = bytes(b'abcd')
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(b, 'encode'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(b, 'decode'))
+
+    def test_quote_from_bytes(self):
+        """
+        This test was failing in the backported urllib.parse module in quote_from_bytes
+        """
+        empty = bytes([])
+        self.assertEqual(empty, b'')
+        self.assertTrue(type(empty), bytes)
+
+        empty2 = bytes(())
+        self.assertEqual(empty2, b'')
+        self.assertTrue(type(empty2), bytes)
+
+        safe = bytes(u'Philosopher guy: 孔子. More text here.'.encode('utf-8'))
+        safe = bytes([c for c in safe if c < 128])
+        self.assertEqual(safe, b'Philosopher guy: . More text here.')
+        self.assertTrue(type(safe), bytes)
+
+    def test_rstrip(self):
+        b = bytes(b'abcd')
+        c = b.rstrip(b'd')
+        self.assertEqual(c, b'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(type(c), type(b))
+
+    def test_maketrans(self):
+        """
+        Issue #51.
+
+        Test is from Py3.3.5.
+        """
+        transtable = b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\x7f\x80\x81\x82\x83\x84\x85\x86\x87\x88\x89\x8a\x8b\x8c\x8d\x8e\x8f\x90\x91\x92\x93\x94\x95\x96\x97\x98\x99\x9a\x9b\x9c\x9d\x9e\x9f\xa0\xa1\xa2\xa3\xa4\xa5\xa6\xa7\xa8\xa9\xaa\xab\xac\xad\xae\xaf\xb0\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5\xb6\xb7\xb8\xb9\xba\xbb\xbc\xbd\xbe\xbf\xc0\xc1\xc2\xc3\xc4\xc5\xc6\xc7\xc8\xc9\xca\xcb\xcc\xcd\xce\xcf\xd0\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd5\xd6\xd7\xd8\xd9\xda\xdb\xdc\xdd\xde\xdf\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe5\xe6\xe7\xe8\xe9\xea\xeb\xec\xed\xee\xef\xf0\xf1\xf2\xf3\xf4\xf5\xf6\xf7\xf8\xf9\xfa\xfb\xfc\xfd\xfe\xff'
+        self.assertEqual(bytes.maketrans(b'', b''), transtable)
+
+        transtable = b'\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`xyzdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374\375\376\377'
+        self.assertEqual(bytes.maketrans(b'abc', b'xyz'), transtable)
+
+        transtable = b'\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374xyz'
+        self.assertEqual(bytes.maketrans(b'\375\376\377', b'xyz'), transtable)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bytes.maketrans, b'abc', b'xyzq')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes.maketrans, 'abc', 'def')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(utils.PY2, 'test requires Python 2')
+    def test_mod_custom_dict(self):
+        import UserDict
+
+        class MyDict(UserDict.UserDict):
+            pass
+
+        d = MyDict()
+        d['foo'] = bytes(b'bar')
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(d, dict))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, UserDict.UserDict))
+
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%(foo)s') % d, b'bar')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(utils.PY35_PLUS or utils.PY2,
+                         'test requires Python 2 or 3.5+')
+    def test_mod_more(self):
+        self.assertEqual(b'%s' % b'aaa', b'aaa')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%s') % b'aaa', b'aaa')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%s') % bytes(b'aaa'), b'aaa')
+
+        self.assertEqual(b'%s' % (b'aaa',), b'aaa')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%s') % (b'aaa',), b'aaa')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%s') % (bytes(b'aaa'),), b'aaa')
+
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%(x)s') % {b'x': b'aaa'}, b'aaa')
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%(x)s') % {b'x': bytes(b'aaa')}, b'aaa')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(utils.PY35_PLUS or utils.PY2,
+                         'test requires Python 2 or 3.5+')
+    def test_mod(self):
+        """
+        From Py3.5 test suite (post-PEP 461).
+
+        The bytes mod code is in _PyBytes_Format() in bytesobject.c in Py3.5.
+        """
+
+        # XXX Add support for %b!
+        #
+        # b = bytes(b'hello, %b!')
+        # orig = b
+        # b = b % b'world'
+        # self.assertEqual(b, b'hello, world!')
+        # self.assertEqual(orig, b'hello, %b!')
+        # self.assertFalse(b is orig)
+
+        b = bytes(b'%s / 100 = %d%%')
+        a = b % (b'seventy-nine', 79)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%')
+
+        b = bytes(b'%s / 100 = %d%%')
+        a = b % (bytes(b'seventy-nine'), 79)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(utils.PY35_PLUS or utils.PY2,
+                         'test requires Python 2 or 3.5+')
+    def test_imod(self):
+        """
+        From Py3.5 test suite (post-PEP 461)
+        """
+        # if (3, 0) <= sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 5):
+        #     raise unittest.SkipTest('bytes % not yet implemented on Py3.0-3.4')
+
+        # b = bytes(b'hello, %b!')
+        # orig = b
+        # b %= b'world'
+        # self.assertEqual(b, b'hello, world!')
+        # self.assertEqual(orig, b'hello, %b!')
+        # self.assertFalse(b is orig)
+
+        b = bytes(b'%s / 100 = %d%%')
+        b %= (b'seventy-nine', 79)
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%')
+
+        b = bytes(b'%s / 100 = %d%%')
+        b %= (bytes(b'seventy-nine'), 79)
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%')
+
+    # def test_mod_pep_461(self):
+    #     """
+    #     Test for the PEP 461 functionality (resurrection of %s formatting for
+    #     bytes).
+    #     """
+    #     b1 = bytes(b'abc%b')
+    #     b2 = b1 % b'def'
+    #     self.assertEqual(b2, b'abcdef')
+    #     self.assertTrue(isinstance(b2, bytes))
+    #     self.assertEqual(type(b2), bytes)
+    #     b3 = b1 % bytes(b'def')
+    #     self.assertEqual(b3, b'abcdef')
+    #     self.assertTrue(isinstance(b3, bytes))
+    #     self.assertEqual(type(b3), bytes)
+    #
+    #     # %s is supported for backwards compatibility with Py2's str
+    #     b4 = bytes(b'abc%s')
+    #     b5 = b4 % b'def'
+    #     self.assertEqual(b5, b'abcdef')
+    #     self.assertTrue(isinstance(b5, bytes))
+    #     self.assertEqual(type(b5), bytes)
+    #     b6 = b4 % bytes(b'def')
+    #     self.assertEqual(b6, b'abcdef')
+    #     self.assertTrue(isinstance(b6, bytes))
+    #     self.assertEqual(type(b6), bytes)
+    #
+    #     self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%c') % 48, b'0')
+    #     self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%c') % b'a', b'a')
+    #
+    #     # For any numeric code %x, formatting of
+    #     #     b"%x" % val
+    #     # is supposed to be equivalent to
+    #     #     ("%x" % val).encode("ascii")
+    #     for code in b'xdiouxXeEfFgG':
+    #         bytechar = bytes([code])
+    #         pct_str = u"%" + bytechar.decode('ascii')
+    #         for val in range(300):
+    #             self.assertEqual(bytes(b"%" + bytechar) % val,
+    #                              (pct_str % val).encode("ascii"))
+    #
+    #     with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+    #         bytes(b'%b') % 3.14
+    #         # Traceback (most recent call last):
+    #         # ...
+    #         # TypeError: b'%b' does not accept 'float'
+    #
+    #     with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+    #         bytes(b'%b') % 'hello world!'
+    #         # Traceback (most recent call last):
+    #         # ...
+    #         # TypeError: b'%b' does not accept 'str'
+    #
+    #     self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % 3.14, b'3.14')
+    #
+    #     self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % b'abc', b"b'abc'")
+    #     self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % bytes(b'abc'), b"b'abc'")
+    #
+    #     self.assertEqual(bytes(b'%a') % 'def', b"'def'")
+    #
+    #     # PEP 461 was updated after an Py3.5 alpha release to specify that %r is now supported
+    #     # for compatibility: http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0461/#id16
+    #     assert bytes(b'%r' % b'abc') == bytes(b'%a' % b'abc')
+    #
+    #     # with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+    #     #     bytes(b'%r' % 'abc')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        """
+        Issue #96 (for newbytes instead of newobject)
+        """
+        if utils.PY2:
+            from collections import Container
+        else:
+            from collections.abc import Container
+
+        class Base(bytes):
+            pass
+
+        class Foo(Base, Container):
+            def __contains__(self, item):
+                return False
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_with_metaclass_and_bytes(self):
+        """
+        Issue #91 (for newdict instead of newobject)
+        """
+        from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+        class MetaClass(type):
+            pass
+
+        class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, bytes)):
+            pass
+
+    def test_surrogateescape_decoding(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether surrogateescape decoding works correctly.
+        """
+        pairs = [(u'\udcc3', b'\xc3'),
+                 (u'\udcff', b'\xff')]
+
+        for (s, b) in pairs:
+            decoded = bytes(b).decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')
+            self.assertEqual(s, decoded)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(decoded, str))
+            self.assertEqual(b, decoded.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+    def test_issue_171_part_a(self):
+        b1 = str(u'abc \u0123 do re mi').encode(u'utf_8')
+        b2 = bytes(u'abc \u0123 do re mi', u'utf_8')
+        b3 = bytes(str(u'abc \u0123 do re mi'), u'utf_8')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_issue_171_part_b(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether:
+        >>> nativebytes = bytes ; nativestr = str ; from builtins import *
+        >>> nativebytes(bytes(b'asdf'))[0] == b'a' == b'asdf'
+        """
+        nativebytes = type(b'')
+        nativestr = type('')
+        b = nativebytes(bytes(b'asdf'))
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'asdf')
+
+    def test_cast_to_bytes(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether __bytes__ method is called
+        """
+
+        class TestObject:
+            def __bytes__(self):
+                return b'asdf'
+
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(TestObject()), b'asdf')
+
+    def test_cast_to_bytes_iter_precedence(self):
+        """
+        Tests that call to __bytes__ is preferred to iteration
+        """
+
+        class TestObject:
+            def __bytes__(self):
+                return b'asdf'
+
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return iter(b'hjkl')
+
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(TestObject()), b'asdf')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_chainmap.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_chainmap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2440401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_chainmap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+"""
+Tests for the future.standard_library module
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+from future import standard_library
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest, CodeHandler, expectedFailurePY2
+
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import os
+import copy
+import textwrap
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+
+
+class TestChainMap(CodeHandler):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.interpreter = sys.executable
+        standard_library.install_aliases()
+        super(TestChainMap, self).setUp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # standard_library.remove_hooks()
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def simple_cm():
+        from collections import ChainMap
+        c = ChainMap()
+        c['one'] = 1
+        c['two'] = 2
+    
+        cc = c.new_child()
+        cc['one'] = 'one'
+    
+        return c, cc
+    
+    
+    def test_repr(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        order1 = "ChainMap({'one': 'one'}, {'one': 1, 'two': 2})"
+        order2 = "ChainMap({'one': 'one'}, {'two': 2, 'one': 1})"
+        assert repr(cc) in [order1, order2]
+    
+    
+    def test_recursive_repr(self):
+        """
+        Test for degnerative recursive cases. Very unlikely in
+        ChainMaps. But all must bow before the god of testing coverage.
+        """
+        from collections import ChainMap
+        c = ChainMap()
+        c['one'] = c
+        assert repr(c) == "ChainMap({'one': ...})"
+    
+    
+    def test_get(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        assert cc.get('two') == 2
+        assert cc.get('three') == None
+        assert cc.get('three', 'notthree') == 'notthree'
+    
+    
+    def test_bool(self):
+        from collections import ChainMap
+        c = ChainMap()
+        assert not(bool(c))
+    
+        c['one'] = 1
+        c['two'] = 2
+        assert bool(c)
+    
+        cc = c.new_child()
+        cc['one'] = 'one'
+        assert cc
+    
+    
+    def test_fromkeys(self):
+        from collections import ChainMap
+        keys = 'a b c'.split()
+        c = ChainMap.fromkeys(keys)
+        assert len(c) == 3
+        assert c['a'] == None
+        assert c['b'] == None
+        assert c['c'] == None
+    
+    
+    def test_copy(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+        new_cc = cc.copy()
+        assert new_cc is not cc
+        assert sorted(new_cc.items()) == sorted(cc.items())
+    
+    
+    def test_parents(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        new_c = cc.parents
+        assert c is not new_c
+        assert len(new_c) == 2
+        assert new_c['one'] == c['one']
+        assert new_c['two'] == c['two']
+    
+    
+    def test_delitem(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            del cc['two']
+    
+        del cc['one']
+        assert len(cc) == 2
+        assert cc['one'] == 1
+        assert cc['two'] == 2
+    
+    
+    def test_popitem(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        assert cc.popitem() == ('one', 'one')
+    
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            cc.popitem()
+    
+    
+    def test_pop(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        assert cc.pop('one') == 'one'
+    
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            cc.pop('two')
+    
+        assert len(cc) == 2
+    
+    
+    def test_clear(self):
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        cc.clear()
+        assert len(cc) == 2
+        assert cc['one'] == 1
+        assert cc['two'] == 2
+    
+    
+    def test_missing(self):
+    
+        c, cc = TestChainMap.simple_cm()
+    
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            cc['clown']
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_common_iterators.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_common_iterators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d274c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_common_iterators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
+from future.builtins.iterators import *
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class TestIterators(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_range(self):
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(range(10)), list)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(range(10)), 45)
+        self.assertTrue(9 in range(10))
+        self.assertEqual(list(range(5)), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        self.assertEqual(repr(range(10)), 'range(0, 10)')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(range(1, 10)), 'range(1, 10)')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(range(1, 1)), 'range(1, 1)')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(range(-10, 10, 2)), 'range(-10, 10, 2)')
+
+    def test_map(self):
+        def square(x):
+            return x**2
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(map(square, range(10))), list)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(map(square, range(10))), 285)
+        self.assertEqual(list(map(square, range(3))), [0, 1, 4])
+
+    def test_zip(self):
+        a = range(10)
+        b = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(zip(a, b)), list)
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip(a, b)), [(0, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2, 'c')])
+
+    def test_filter(self):
+        a = range(10)
+        def is_odd(x):
+            return x % 2 == 1
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(filter(is_odd, a)), list)
+        self.assertEqual(list(filter(is_odd, a)), [1, 3, 5, 7, 9])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_decorators.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ec2bb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""
+Tests to make sure the decorators (implements_iterator and
+python2_unicode_compatible) are working.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division
+from future import utils
+from future.builtins import *
+from future.utils import implements_iterator, python_2_unicode_compatible
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class TestDecorators(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_python_2_unicode_compatible_decorator(self):
+        my_unicode_str = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+        # With the decorator:
+        @python_2_unicode_compatible
+        class A(object):
+            def __str__(self):
+                return my_unicode_str
+        a = A()
+        assert len(str(a)) == 18
+        if not utils.PY3:
+            assert hasattr(a, '__unicode__')
+        self.assertEqual(str(a), my_unicode_str)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(str(a).encode('utf-8'), bytes))
+
+        # Manual equivalent on Py2 without the decorator:
+        if not utils.PY3:
+            class B(object):
+                def __unicode__(self):
+                    return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+                def __str__(self):
+                    return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
+            b = B()
+            assert str(a) == str(b)
+
+    def test_implements_iterator(self):
+
+        @implements_iterator
+        class MyIter(object):
+            def __next__(self):
+                return 'Next!'
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        itr = MyIter()
+        self.assertEqual(next(itr), 'Next!')
+
+        itr2 = MyIter()
+        for i, item in enumerate(itr2):
+            if i >= 3:
+                break
+            self.assertEqual(item, 'Next!')
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_dict.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_dict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff9dd4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_dict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the backported class:`dict` class.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+from future.builtins import *
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY2
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+class TestDict(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.d1 = {'C': 1, 'B': 2, 'A': 3}
+        self.d2 = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+
+    def test_dict_empty(self):
+        """
+        dict() -> {}
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(dict(), {})
+
+    def test_dict_dict(self):
+        """
+        Exrapolated from issue #50 -- newlist(newlist([...]))
+        """
+        d = dict({1: 2, 2: 4, 3: 9})
+        d2 = dict(d)
+        self.assertEqual(len(d2), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(d2, d)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d2, dict))
+        self.assertTrue(type(d2) == dict)
+
+    def test_dict_eq(self):
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(dict(d), d)
+
+    def test_dict_keys(self):
+        """
+        The keys, values and items methods should now return iterators on
+        Python 2.x (with set-like behaviour on Python 2.7).
+        """
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d)), set(d))
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d).keys()), set(d.keys()))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dict(d).keys()[0]
+
+    def test_dict_values(self):
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d).values()), set(d.values()))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dict(d).values()[0]
+
+    def test_dict_items(self):
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d).items()), set(d.items()))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dict(d).items()[0]
+
+    def test_isinstance_dict(self):
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, dict))
+
+    def test_isinstance_dict_subclass(self):
+        """
+        Issue #89
+        """
+        value = dict()
+        class Magic(dict):
+            pass
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, dict))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(value, Magic))
+
+    def test_dict_getitem(self):
+        d = dict({'C': 1, 'B': 2, 'A': 3})
+        self.assertEqual(d['C'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d['B'], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(d['A'], 3)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            self.assertEqual(d['D'])
+
+    def test_methods_do_not_produce_lists(self):
+        for d in (dict(self.d1), self.d2):
+            assert not isinstance(d.keys(), list)
+            assert not isinstance(d.values(), list)
+            assert not isinstance(d.items(), list)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info[:2] == (2, 6),
+             'set-like behaviour of dict methods is only available in Py2.7+')
+    def test_set_like_behaviour(self):
+        d1, d2 = self.d1, self.d2
+        assert d1.keys() & d2.keys() == set()
+        assert isinstance(d1.keys() & d2.keys(), set)
+        assert isinstance(d1.values() | d2.keys(), set)
+        assert isinstance(d1.items() | d2.items(), set)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_braces_create_newdict_object(self):
+        """
+        It would nice if the {} dict syntax could be coaxed
+        into producing our new dict objects somehow ...
+        """
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertTrue(type(d) == dict)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        """
+        Issue #96 (for newdict instead of newobject)
+        """
+        if utils.PY2:
+            from collections import Container
+        else:
+            from collections.abc import Container
+
+        class Base(dict):
+            pass
+
+        class Foo(Base, Container):
+            def __contains__(self, item):
+                return False
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_with_metaclass_and_dict(self):
+        """
+        Issue #91 (for newdict instead of newobject)
+        """
+        from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+        class MetaClass(type):
+            pass
+
+        class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, dict)):
+            pass
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_email_multipart.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_email_multipart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbd93b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_email_multipart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Tests for multipart emails."""
+
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+import future.backports.email as email
+import future.backports.email.mime.multipart
+from future.builtins import list
+
+class EmailMultiPartTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for handling multipart email Messages."""
+
+    def test_multipart_serialize_without_boundary(self):
+        """Tests that serializing an empty multipart email does not fail."""
+        multipart_message = email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart()
+        self.assertIsNot(multipart_message.as_string(), None)
+
+    def test_multipart_set_boundary_does_not_change_header_type(self):
+        """
+        Tests that Message.set_boundary() does not cause Python2 errors.
+        
+        In particular, tests that set_boundary does not cause the type of the
+        message headers list to be changed from the future built-in list.
+        """
+        multipart_message = email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart()
+        headers_type = type(multipart_message._headers)
+        self.assertEqual(headers_type, type(list()))
+
+        boundary = '===============6387699881409002085=='
+        multipart_message.set_boundary(boundary)
+        headers_type = type(multipart_message._headers)
+        self.assertEqual(headers_type, type(list()))
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_explicit_imports.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_explicit_imports.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a23c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_explicit_imports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""
+This tests whether explicit imports like
+
+    from future.builtins import str, range
+
+etc. all work as expected on both Python 2 and Python 3.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals
+
+import copy
+
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class TestExplicitImports(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_py3_builtin_imports(self):
+        from future.builtins import (input,
+                                     filter,
+                                     map,
+                                     range,
+                                     round,
+                                     super,
+                                     str,
+                                     zip)
+
+    def test_py2k_disabled_builtins(self):
+        """
+        On Py2 these should import.
+        """
+        if not utils.PY3:
+            from future.builtins.disabled import (apply,
+                                                  cmp,
+                                                  coerce,
+                                                  execfile,
+                                                  file,
+                                                  long,
+                                                  raw_input,
+                                                  reduce,
+                                                  reload,
+                                                  unicode,
+                                                  xrange,
+                                                  StandardError)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_futurize.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_futurize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d7c42d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_futurize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1432 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+import pprint
+import tempfile
+from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
+import os
+
+from libfuturize.fixer_util import is_shebang_comment, is_encoding_comment
+from lib2to3.fixer_util import FromImport
+from lib2to3.pytree import Leaf, Node
+from lib2to3.pygram import token
+
+from future.tests.base import (CodeHandler, unittest, skip26, reformat_code,
+                               order_future_lines, expectedFailurePY26)
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+
+class TestLibFuturize(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # For tests that need a text file:
+        _, self.textfilename = tempfile.mkstemp(text=True)
+        super(TestLibFuturize, self).setUp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        os.unlink(self.textfilename)
+
+    def test_correct_exit_status(self):
+        """
+        Issue #119: futurize and pasteurize were not exiting with the correct
+        status code. This is because the status code returned from
+        libfuturize.main.main() etc. was a ``newint``, which sys.exit() always
+        translates into 1!
+        """
+        from libfuturize.main import main
+        retcode = main([self.textfilename])
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(retcode, int))   # i.e. Py2 builtin int
+
+    def test_is_shebang_comment(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether the fixer_util.is_encoding_comment() function is working.
+        """
+        shebang_comments = [u'#!/usr/bin/env python\n'
+                             u"#!/usr/bin/python2\n",
+                             u"#! /usr/bin/python3\n",
+                            ]
+        not_shebang_comments = [u"# I saw a giant python\n",
+                                 u"# I have never seen a python2\n",
+                               ]
+        for comment in shebang_comments:
+            node = FromImport(u'math', [Leaf(token.NAME, u'cos', prefix=" ")])
+            node.prefix = comment
+            self.assertTrue(is_shebang_comment(node))
+
+        for comment in not_shebang_comments:
+            node = FromImport(u'math', [Leaf(token.NAME, u'cos', prefix=" ")])
+            node.prefix = comment
+            self.assertFalse(is_shebang_comment(node))
+
+
+    def test_is_encoding_comment(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether the fixer_util.is_encoding_comment() function is working.
+        """
+        encoding_comments = [u"# coding: utf-8",
+                             u"# encoding: utf-8",
+                             u"# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-",
+                             u"# vim: set fileencoding=iso-8859-15 :",
+                            ]
+        not_encoding_comments = [u"# We use the file encoding utf-8",
+                                 u"coding = 'utf-8'",
+                                 u"encoding = 'utf-8'",
+                                ]
+        for comment in encoding_comments:
+            node = FromImport(u'math', [Leaf(token.NAME, u'cos', prefix=" ")])
+            node.prefix = comment
+            self.assertTrue(is_encoding_comment(node))
+
+        for comment in not_encoding_comments:
+            node = FromImport(u'math', [Leaf(token.NAME, u'cos', prefix=" ")])
+            node.prefix = comment
+            self.assertFalse(is_encoding_comment(node))
+
+
+class TestFuturizeSimple(CodeHandler):
+    """
+    This class contains snippets of Python 2 code (invalid Python 3) and
+    tests for whether they can be passed to ``futurize`` and immediately
+    run under both Python 2 again and Python 3.
+    """
+
+    def test_encoding_comments_kept_at_top(self):
+        """
+        Issues #10 and #97: If there is a source encoding comment line
+        (PEP 263), is it kept at the top of a module by ``futurize``?
+        """
+        before = """
+        # coding=utf-8
+
+        print 'Hello'
+        """
+        after = """
+        # coding=utf-8
+
+        from __future__ import print_function
+        print('Hello')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+        before = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        # -*- coding: latin-1 -*-"
+
+        print 'Hello'
+        """
+        after = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        # -*- coding: latin-1 -*-"
+
+        from __future__ import print_function
+        print('Hello')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_multiline_future_import(self):
+        """
+        Issue #113: don't crash if a future import has multiple lines
+        """
+        text = """
+        from __future__ import (
+            division
+        )
+        """
+        self.convert(text)
+
+    def test_shebang_blank_with_future_division_import(self):
+        """
+        Issue #43: Is shebang line preserved as the first
+        line by futurize when followed by a blank line?
+        """
+        before = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+        import math
+        1 / 5
+        """
+        after = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+        from __future__ import division
+        from past.utils import old_div
+        import math
+        old_div(1, 5)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_shebang_blank_with_print_import(self):
+        before = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+
+        import math
+        print 'Hello'
+        """
+        after = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        from __future__ import print_function
+
+        import math
+        print('Hello')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_shebang_comment(self):
+        """
+        Issue #43: Is shebang line preserved as the first
+        line by futurize when followed by a comment?
+        """
+        before = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        # some comments
+        # and more comments
+
+        import math
+        print 'Hello!'
+        """
+        after = """
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        # some comments
+        # and more comments
+        from __future__ import print_function
+
+        import math
+        print('Hello!')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_shebang_docstring(self):
+        """
+        Issue #43: Is shebang line preserved as the first
+        line by futurize when followed by a docstring?
+        """
+        before = '''
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        """
+        a doc string
+        """
+        import math
+        print 'Hello!'
+        '''
+        after = '''
+        #!/usr/bin/env python
+        """
+        a doc string
+        """
+        from __future__ import print_function
+        import math
+        print('Hello!')
+        '''
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_oldstyle_classes(self):
+        """
+        Stage 2 should convert old-style to new-style classes. This makes
+        the new-style class explicit and reduces the gap between the
+        behaviour (e.g.  method resolution order) on Py2 and Py3. It also
+        allows us to provide ``newobject`` (see
+        test_oldstyle_classes_iterator).
+        """
+        before = """
+        class Blah:
+            pass
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import object
+        class Blah(object):
+            pass
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, ignore_imports=False)
+
+    def test_oldstyle_classes_iterator(self):
+        """
+        An old-style class used as an iterator should be converted
+        properly. This requires ``futurize`` to do both steps (adding
+        inheritance from object and adding the newobject import) in the
+        right order. Any next() method should also be renamed to __next__.
+        """
+        before = """
+        class Upper:
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def next(self):
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import next
+        from builtins import object
+        class Upper(object):
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def __next__(self):
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, ignore_imports=False)
+
+        # Try it again with this convention: class Upper():
+        before2 = """
+        class Upper():
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def next(self):
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        assert list(Upper('hello')) == list('HELLO')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before2, after)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_problematic_string(self):
+        """ This string generates a SyntaxError on Python 3 unless it has
+        an r prefix.
+        """
+        before = r"""
+        s = 'The folder is "C:\Users"'.
+        """
+        after = r"""
+        s = r'The folder is "C:\Users"'.
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    @unittest.skip('--tobytes feature removed for now ...')
+    def test_tobytes(self):
+        """
+        The --tobytes option converts all UNADORNED string literals 'abcd' to b'abcd'.
+        It does apply to multi-line strings but doesn't apply if it's a raw
+        string, because ur'abcd' is a SyntaxError on Python 2 and br'abcd' is a
+        SyntaxError on Python 3.
+        """
+        before = r"""
+        s0 = '1234'
+        s1 = '''5678
+        '''
+        s2 = "9abc"
+        # Unchanged:
+        s3 = r'1234'
+        s4 = R"defg"
+        s5 = u'hijk'
+        s6 = u"lmno"
+        s7 = b'lmno'
+        s8 = b"pqrs"
+        """
+        after = r"""
+        s0 = b'1234'
+        s1 = b'''5678
+        '''
+        s2 = b"9abc"
+        # Unchanged:
+        s3 = r'1234'
+        s4 = R"defg"
+        s5 = u'hijk'
+        s6 = u"lmno"
+        s7 = b'lmno'
+        s8 = b"pqrs"
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, tobytes=True)
+
+    def test_cmp(self):
+        before = """
+        assert cmp(1, 2) == -1
+        assert cmp(2, 1) == 1
+        """
+        after = """
+        from past.builtins import cmp
+        assert cmp(1, 2) == -1
+        assert cmp(2, 1) == 1
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=(1, 2), ignore_imports=False)
+
+    def test_execfile(self):
+        before = """
+        with open('mytempfile.py', 'w') as f:
+            f.write('x = 1')
+        execfile('mytempfile.py')
+        x += 1
+        assert x == 2
+        """
+        after = """
+        from past.builtins import execfile
+        with open('mytempfile.py', 'w') as f:
+            f.write('x = 1')
+        execfile('mytempfile.py')
+        x += 1
+        assert x == 2
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=(1, 2), ignore_imports=False)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_izip(self):
+        before = """
+        from itertools import izip
+        for (a, b) in izip([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]):
+            pass
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import zip
+        for (a, b) in zip([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]):
+            pass
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=(1, 2), ignore_imports=False)
+
+    def test_UserList(self):
+        before = """
+        from UserList import UserList
+        a = UserList([1, 3, 5])
+        assert len(a) == 3
+        """
+        after = """
+        from collections import UserList
+        a = UserList([1, 3, 5])
+        assert len(a) == 3
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=(1, 2), ignore_imports=True)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_no_unneeded_list_calls(self):
+        """
+        TODO: get this working
+        """
+        code = """
+        for (a, b) in zip(range(3), range(3, 6)):
+            pass
+        """
+        self.unchanged(code)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_import_builtins(self):
+        before = """
+        a = raw_input()
+        b = open(a, b, c)
+        c = filter(a, b)
+        d = map(a, b)
+        e = isinstance(a, str)
+        f = bytes(a, encoding='utf-8')
+        for g in xrange(10**10):
+            pass
+        h = reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        super(MyClass, self)
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import bytes
+        from builtins import filter
+        from builtins import input
+        from builtins import map
+        from builtins import range
+        from functools import reduce
+        a = input()
+        b = open(a, b, c)
+        c = list(filter(a, b))
+        d = list(map(a, b))
+        e = isinstance(a, str)
+        f = bytes(a, encoding='utf-8')
+        for g in range(10**10):
+            pass
+        h = reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        super(MyClass, self)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, ignore_imports=False, run=False)
+
+    def test_input_without_import(self):
+        before = """
+        a = input()
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import input
+        a = eval(input())
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, ignore_imports=False, run=False)
+
+    def test_input_with_import(self):
+        before = """
+        from builtins import input
+        a = input()
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import input
+        a = input()
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, ignore_imports=False, run=False)
+
+    def test_xrange(self):
+        """
+        The ``from builtins import range`` line was being added to the
+        bottom of the file as of v0.11.4, but only using Py2.7's lib2to3.
+        (Py3.3's lib2to3 seems to work.)
+        """
+        before = """
+        for i in xrange(10):
+            pass
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import range
+        for i in range(10):
+            pass
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, ignore_imports=False)
+
+    def test_source_coding_utf8(self):
+        """
+        Tests to ensure that the source coding line is not corrupted or
+        removed. It must be left as the first line in the file (including
+        before any __future__ imports). Also tests whether the unicode
+        characters in this encoding are parsed correctly and left alone.
+        """
+        code = """
+        # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+        icons = [u"◐", u"◓", u"◑", u"◒"]
+        """
+
+    def test_exception_syntax(self):
+        """
+        Test of whether futurize handles the old-style exception syntax
+        """
+        before = """
+        try:
+            pass
+        except IOError, e:
+            val = e.errno
+        """
+        after = """
+        try:
+            pass
+        except IOError as e:
+            val = e.errno
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_super(self):
+        """
+        This tests whether futurize keeps the old two-argument super() calls the
+        same as before. It should, because this still works in Py3.
+        """
+        code = '''
+        class VerboseList(list):
+            def append(self, item):
+                print('Adding an item')
+                super(VerboseList, self).append(item)
+        '''
+        self.unchanged(code)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_file(self):
+        """
+        file() as a synonym for open() is obsolete and invalid on Python 3.
+        """
+        before = '''
+        f = file(self.textfilename)
+        data = f.read()
+        f.close()
+        '''
+        after = '''
+        f = open(__file__)
+        data = f.read()
+        f.close()
+        '''
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_apply(self):
+        before = '''
+        def addup(*x):
+            return sum(x)
+
+        assert apply(addup, (10,20)) == 30
+        '''
+        after = """
+        def addup(*x):
+            return sum(x)
+
+        assert addup(*(10,20)) == 30
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    @unittest.skip('not implemented yet')
+    def test_download_pypi_package_and_test(self):
+        URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/{0}/json'
+
+        import requests
+        package = 'future'
+        r = requests.get(URL.format(package))
+        pprint.pprint(r.json())
+
+        download_url = r.json()['urls'][0]['url']
+        filename = r.json()['urls'][0]['filename']
+        # r2 = requests.get(download_url)
+        # with open('/tmp/' + filename, 'w') as tarball:
+        #     tarball.write(r2.content)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_raw_input(self):
+        """
+        Passes in a string to the waiting input() after futurize
+        conversion.
+
+        The code is the first snippet from these docs:
+            http://docs.python.org/2/library/2to3.html
+        """
+        before = """
+        from io import BytesIO
+        def greet(name):
+            print "Hello, {0}!".format(name)
+        print "What's your name?"
+        import sys
+        oldstdin = sys.stdin
+
+        sys.stdin = BytesIO(b'Ed\\n')
+        name = raw_input()
+        greet(name.decode())
+
+        sys.stdin = oldstdin
+        assert name == b'Ed'
+        """
+        desired = """
+        from io import BytesIO
+        def greet(name):
+            print("Hello, {0}!".format(name))
+        print("What's your name?")
+        import sys
+        oldstdin = sys.stdin
+
+        sys.stdin = BytesIO(b'Ed\\n')
+        name = input()
+        greet(name.decode())
+
+        sys.stdin = oldstdin
+        assert name == b'Ed'
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, desired, run=False)
+
+        for interpreter in self.interpreters:
+            p1 = Popen([interpreter, self.tempdir + 'mytestscript.py'],
+                       stdout=PIPE, stdin=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
+            (stdout, stderr) = p1.communicate(b'Ed')
+            self.assertEqual(stderr, b'')
+            self.assertEqual(stdout, b"What's your name?\nHello, Ed!\n")
+
+    def test_literal_prefixes_are_not_stripped(self):
+        """
+        Tests to ensure that the u'' and b'' prefixes on unicode strings and
+        byte strings are not removed by the futurize script.  Removing the
+        prefixes on Py3.3+ is unnecessary and loses some information -- namely,
+        that the strings have explicitly been marked as unicode or bytes,
+        rather than just e.g. a guess by some automated tool about what they
+        are.
+        """
+        code = '''
+        s = u'unicode string'
+        b = b'byte string'
+        '''
+        self.unchanged(code)
+
+    def test_division(self):
+        before = """
+        x = 1 / 2
+        """
+        after = """
+        from past.utils import old_div
+        x = old_div(1, 2)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1, 2])
+
+    def test_already_future_division(self):
+        code = """
+        from __future__ import division
+        x = 1 / 2
+        assert x == 0.5
+        y = 3. / 2.
+        assert y == 1.5
+        """
+        self.unchanged(code)
+
+
+class TestFuturizeRenamedStdlib(CodeHandler):
+    @unittest.skip('Infinite loop?')
+    def test_renamed_modules(self):
+        before = """
+        import ConfigParser
+        import copy_reg
+        import cPickle
+        import cStringIO
+        """
+        after = """
+        import configparser
+        import copyreg
+        import pickle
+        import io
+        """
+        # We can't run the converted code because configparser may
+        # not be there.
+        self.convert_check(before, after, run=False)
+
+    @unittest.skip('Not working yet ...')
+    def test_urllib_refactor(self):
+        # Code like this using urllib is refactored by futurize --stage2 to use
+        # the new Py3 module names, but ``future`` doesn't support urllib yet.
+        before = """
+        import urllib
+
+        URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/future/json'
+        package = 'future'
+        r = urllib.urlopen(URL.format(package))
+        data = r.read()
+        """
+        after = """
+        from future import standard_library
+        standard_library.install_aliases()
+        import urllib.request
+
+        URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/future/json'
+        package = 'future'
+        r = urllib.request.urlopen(URL.format(package))
+        data = r.read()
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    @unittest.skip('Infinite loop?')
+    def test_renamed_copy_reg_and_cPickle_modules(self):
+        """
+        Example from docs.python.org/2/library/copy_reg.html
+        """
+        before = """
+        import copy_reg
+        import copy
+        import cPickle
+        class C(object):
+            def __init__(self, a):
+                self.a = a
+
+        def pickle_c(c):
+            print('pickling a C instance...')
+            return C, (c.a,)
+
+        copy_reg.pickle(C, pickle_c)
+        c = C(1)
+        d = copy.copy(c)
+        p = cPickle.dumps(c)
+        """
+        after = """
+        import copyreg
+        import copy
+        import pickle
+        class C(object):
+            def __init__(self, a):
+                self.a = a
+
+        def pickle_c(c):
+            print('pickling a C instance...')
+            return C, (c.a,)
+
+        copyreg.pickle(C, pickle_c)
+        c = C(1)
+        d = copy.copy(c)
+        p = pickle.dumps(c)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_Py2_StringIO_module(self):
+        """
+        This requires that the argument to io.StringIO be made a
+        unicode string explicitly if we're not using unicode_literals:
+
+        Ideally, there would be a fixer for this. For now:
+
+        TODO: add the Py3 equivalent for this to the docs. Also add back
+        a test for the unicode_literals case.
+        """
+        before = """
+        import cStringIO
+        import StringIO
+        s1 = cStringIO.StringIO('my string')
+        s2 = StringIO.StringIO('my other string')
+        assert isinstance(s1, cStringIO.InputType)
+        """
+
+        # There is no io.InputType in Python 3. futurize should change this to
+        # something like this. But note that the input to io.StringIO
+        # must be a unicode string on both Py2 and Py3.
+        after = """
+        import io
+        import io
+        s1 = io.StringIO(u'my string')
+        s2 = io.StringIO(u'my other string')
+        assert isinstance(s1, io.StringIO)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+
+class TestFuturizeStage1(CodeHandler):
+    """
+    Tests "stage 1": safe optimizations: modernizing Python 2 code so that it
+    uses print functions, new-style exception syntax, etc.
+
+    The behaviour should not change and this should introduce no dependency on
+    the ``future`` package. It produces more modern Python 2-only code. The
+    goal is to reduce the size of the real porting patch-set by performing
+    the uncontroversial patches first.
+    """
+
+    def test_apply(self):
+        """
+        apply() should be changed by futurize --stage1
+        """
+        before = '''
+        def f(a, b):
+            return a + b
+
+        args = (1, 2)
+        assert apply(f, args) == 3
+        assert apply(f, ('a', 'b')) == 'ab'
+        '''
+        after = '''
+        def f(a, b):
+            return a + b
+
+        args = (1, 2)
+        assert f(*args) == 3
+        assert f(*('a', 'b')) == 'ab'
+        '''
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+
+    def test_next_1(self):
+        """
+        Custom next methods should not be converted to __next__ in stage1, but
+        any obj.next() calls should be converted to next(obj).
+        """
+        before = """
+        class Upper:
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def next(self):                 # note the Py2 interface
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        itr = Upper('hello')
+        assert itr.next() == 'H'
+        assert next(itr) == 'E'
+        assert list(itr) == list('LLO')
+        """
+
+        after = """
+        class Upper:
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def next(self):                 # note the Py2 interface
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        itr = Upper('hello')
+        assert next(itr) == 'H'
+        assert next(itr) == 'E'
+        assert list(itr) == list('LLO')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1], run=PY2)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_next_2(self):
+        """
+        This version of the above doesn't currently work: the self._iter.next() call in
+        line 5 isn't converted to next(self._iter).
+        """
+        before = """
+        class Upper:
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def next(self):                 # note the Py2 interface
+                return self._iter.next().upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        itr = Upper('hello')
+        assert itr.next() == 'H'
+        assert next(itr) == 'E'
+        assert list(itr) == list('LLO')
+        """
+
+        after = """
+        class Upper(object):
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def next(self):                 # note the Py2 interface
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        itr = Upper('hello')
+        assert next(itr) == 'H'
+        assert next(itr) == 'E'
+        assert list(itr) == list('LLO')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1], run=PY2)
+
+    def test_xrange(self):
+        """
+        xrange should not be changed by futurize --stage1
+        """
+        code = '''
+        for i in xrange(10):
+            pass
+        '''
+        self.unchanged(code, stages=[1], run=PY2)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_absolute_import_changes(self):
+        """
+        Implicit relative imports should be converted to absolute or explicit
+        relative imports correctly.
+
+        Issue #16 (with porting bokeh/bbmodel.py)
+        """
+        with open(self.tempdir + 'specialmodels.py', 'w') as f:
+            f.write('pass')
+
+        before = """
+        import specialmodels.pandasmodel
+        specialmodels.pandasmodel.blah()
+        """
+        after = """
+        from __future__ import absolute_import
+        from .specialmodels import pandasmodel
+        pandasmodel.blah()
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+
+    def test_safe_futurize_imports(self):
+        """
+        The standard library module names should not be changed until stage 2
+        """
+        before = """
+        import ConfigParser
+        import HTMLParser
+        from itertools import ifilterfalse
+
+        ConfigParser.ConfigParser
+        HTMLParser.HTMLParser
+        assert list(ifilterfalse(lambda x: x % 2, [2, 4])) == [2, 4]
+        """
+        self.unchanged(before, stages=[1], run=PY2)
+
+    def test_print(self):
+        before = """
+        print 'Hello'
+        """
+        after = """
+        print('Hello')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+
+        before = """
+        import sys
+        print >> sys.stderr, 'Hello', 'world'
+        """
+        after = """
+        import sys
+        print('Hello', 'world', file=sys.stderr)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+
+    def test_print_already_function(self):
+        """
+        Running futurize --stage1 should not add a second set of parentheses
+        """
+        before = """
+        print('Hello')
+        """
+        self.unchanged(before, stages=[1])
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_print_already_function_complex(self):
+        """
+        Running futurize --stage1 does add a second second set of parentheses
+        in this case. This is because the underlying lib2to3 has two distinct
+        grammars -- with a print statement and with a print function -- and,
+        when going forwards (2 to both), futurize assumes print is a statement,
+        which raises a ParseError.
+        """
+        before = """
+        import sys
+        print('Hello', 'world', file=sys.stderr)
+        """
+        self.unchanged(before, stages=[1])
+
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        before = """
+        try:
+            raise AttributeError('blah')
+        except AttributeError, e:
+            pass
+        """
+        after = """
+        try:
+            raise AttributeError('blah')
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            pass
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_string_exceptions(self):
+        """
+        2to3 does not convert string exceptions: see
+        http://python3porting.com/differences.html.
+        """
+        before = """
+        try:
+            raise "old string exception"
+        except Exception, e:
+            pass
+        """
+        after = """
+        try:
+            raise Exception("old string exception")
+        except Exception as e:
+            pass
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+
+    def test_oldstyle_classes(self):
+        """
+        We don't convert old-style classes to new-style automatically in
+        stage 1 (but we should in stage 2). So Blah should not inherit
+        explicitly from object yet.
+        """
+        before = """
+        class Blah:
+            pass
+        """
+        self.unchanged(before, stages=[1])
+
+    def test_stdlib_modules_not_changed(self):
+        """
+        Standard library module names should not be changed in stage 1
+        """
+        before = """
+        import ConfigParser
+        import HTMLParser
+        import collections
+
+        print 'Hello'
+        try:
+            raise AttributeError('blah')
+        except AttributeError, e:
+            pass
+        """
+        after = """
+        import ConfigParser
+        import HTMLParser
+        import collections
+
+        print('Hello')
+        try:
+            raise AttributeError('blah')
+        except AttributeError as e:
+            pass
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1], run=PY2)
+
+    def test_octal_literals(self):
+        before = """
+        mode = 0644
+        """
+        after = """
+        mode = 0o644
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_long_int_literals(self):
+        before = """
+        bignumber = 12345678901234567890L
+        """
+        after = """
+        bignumber = 12345678901234567890
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test___future___import_position(self):
+        """
+        Issue #4: __future__ imports inserted too low in file: SyntaxError
+        """
+        code = """
+        # Comments here
+        # and here
+        __version__=''' $Id$ '''
+        __doc__="A Sequencer class counts things. It aids numbering and formatting lists."
+        __all__='Sequencer getSequencer setSequencer'.split()
+        #
+        # another comment
+        #
+
+        CONSTANTS = [ 0, 01, 011, 0111, 012, 02, 021, 0211, 02111, 013 ]
+        _RN_LETTERS = "IVXLCDM"
+
+        def my_func(value):
+            pass
+
+        ''' Docstring-like comment here '''
+        """
+        self.convert(code)
+
+    def test_issue_45(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether running futurize -f libfuturize.fixes.fix_future_standard_library_urllib
+        on the code below causes a ValueError (issue #45).
+        """
+        code = r"""
+            from __future__ import print_function
+            from urllib import urlopen, urlencode
+            oeis_url = 'http://oeis.org/'
+            def _fetch(url):
+                try:
+                    f = urlopen(url)
+                    result = f.read()
+                    f.close()
+                    return result
+                except IOError as msg:
+                    raise IOError("%s\nError fetching %s." % (msg, url))
+        """
+        self.convert(code)
+
+    def test_order_future_lines(self):
+        """
+        Tests the internal order_future_lines() function.
+        """
+        before = '''
+               # comment here
+               from __future__ import print_function
+               from __future__ import absolute_import
+                                 # blank line or comment here
+               from future.utils import with_metaclass
+               from builtins import zzz
+               from builtins import aaa
+               from builtins import blah
+               # another comment
+
+               import something_else
+               code_here
+               more_code_here
+               '''
+        after = '''
+               # comment here
+               from __future__ import absolute_import
+               from __future__ import print_function
+                                 # blank line or comment here
+               from future.utils import with_metaclass
+               from builtins import aaa
+               from builtins import blah
+               from builtins import zzz
+               # another comment
+
+               import something_else
+               code_here
+               more_code_here
+               '''
+        self.assertEqual(order_future_lines(reformat_code(before)),
+                         reformat_code(after))
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_issue_12(self):
+        """
+        Issue #12: This code shouldn't be upset by additional imports.
+        __future__ imports must appear at the top of modules since about Python
+        2.5.
+        """
+        code = """
+        from __future__ import with_statement
+        f = open('setup.py')
+        for i in xrange(100):
+            pass
+        """
+        self.unchanged(code)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_range_necessary_list_calls(self):
+        """
+        On Py2.6 (only), the xrange_with_import fixer somehow seems to cause
+            l = range(10)
+        to be converted to:
+            l = list(list(range(10)))
+        with an extra list(...) call.
+        """
+        before = """
+        l = range(10)
+        assert isinstance(l, list)
+        for i in range(3):
+            print i
+        for i in xrange(3):
+            print i
+        """
+        after = """
+        from __future__ import print_function
+        from builtins import range
+        l = list(range(10))
+        assert isinstance(l, list)
+        for i in range(3):
+            print(i)
+        for i in range(3):
+            print(i)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_basestring(self):
+        """
+        The 2to3 basestring fixer breaks working Py2 code that uses basestring.
+        This tests whether something sensible is done instead.
+        """
+        before = """
+        assert isinstance('hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(u'hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(b'hello', basestring)
+        """
+        after = """
+        from past.builtins import basestring
+        assert isinstance('hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(u'hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(b'hello', basestring)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_safe_division(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether Py2 scripts using old-style division still work
+        after futurization.
+        """
+        before = """
+        import random
+        class fraction(object):
+            numer = 0
+            denom = 0
+            def __init__(self, numer, denom):
+                self.numer = numer
+                self.denom = denom
+
+            def total_count(self):
+                return self.numer * 50
+
+        x = 3 / 2
+        y = 3. / 2
+        foo = list(range(100))
+        assert x == 1 and isinstance(x, int)
+        assert y == 1.5 and isinstance(y, float)
+        a = 1 + foo[len(foo) / 2]
+        b = 1 + foo[len(foo) * 3 / 4]
+        assert a == 51
+        assert b == 76
+        r = random.randint(0, 1000) * 1.0 / 1000
+        output = { "SUCCESS": 5, "TOTAL": 10 }
+        output["SUCCESS"] * 100 / output["TOTAL"]
+        obj = fraction(1, 50)
+        val = float(obj.numer) / obj.denom * 1e-9
+        obj.numer * obj.denom / val
+        obj.total_count() * val / 100
+        obj.numer / obj.denom * 1e-9
+        obj.numer / (obj.denom * 1e-9)
+        obj.numer / obj.denom / 1e-9
+        obj.numer / (obj.denom / 1e-9)
+        original_numer = 1
+        original_denom = 50
+        100 * abs(obj.numer - original_numer) / float(max(obj.denom, original_denom))
+        100 * abs(obj.numer - original_numer) / max(obj.denom, original_denom)
+        float(original_numer) * float(original_denom) / float(obj.numer)
+        """
+        after = """
+        from __future__ import division
+        from past.utils import old_div
+        import random
+        class fraction(object):
+            numer = 0
+            denom = 0
+            def __init__(self, numer, denom):
+                self.numer = numer
+                self.denom = denom
+
+            def total_count(self):
+                return self.numer * 50
+
+        x = old_div(3, 2)
+        y = 3. / 2
+        foo = list(range(100))
+        assert x == 1 and isinstance(x, int)
+        assert y == 1.5 and isinstance(y, float)
+        a = 1 + foo[old_div(len(foo), 2)]
+        b = 1 + foo[old_div(len(foo) * 3, 4)]
+        assert a == 51
+        assert b == 76
+        r = random.randint(0, 1000) * 1.0 / 1000
+        output = { "SUCCESS": 5, "TOTAL": 10 }
+        old_div(output["SUCCESS"] * 100, output["TOTAL"])
+        obj = fraction(1, 50)
+        val = float(obj.numer) / obj.denom * 1e-9
+        old_div(obj.numer * obj.denom, val)
+        old_div(obj.total_count() * val, 100)
+        old_div(obj.numer, obj.denom) * 1e-9
+        old_div(obj.numer, (obj.denom * 1e-9))
+        old_div(old_div(obj.numer, obj.denom), 1e-9)
+        old_div(obj.numer, (old_div(obj.denom, 1e-9)))
+        original_numer = 1
+        original_denom = 50
+        100 * abs(obj.numer - original_numer) / float(max(obj.denom, original_denom))
+        old_div(100 * abs(obj.numer - original_numer), max(obj.denom, original_denom))
+        float(original_numer) * float(original_denom) / float(obj.numer)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_safe_division_overloaded(self):
+        """
+        If division is overloaded, futurize may produce spurious old_div
+        calls.  This test is for whether the code still works on Py2
+        despite these calls.
+        """
+        before = """
+        class Path(str):
+            def __div__(self, other):
+                return self.__truediv__(other)
+            def __truediv__(self, other):
+                return Path(str(self) + '/' + str(other))
+        path1 = Path('home')
+        path2 = Path('user')
+        z = path1 / path2
+        assert isinstance(z, Path)
+        assert str(z) == 'home/user'
+        """
+        after = """
+        from __future__ import division
+        from past.utils import old_div
+        class Path(str):
+            def __div__(self, other):
+                return self.__truediv__(other)
+            def __truediv__(self, other):
+                return Path(str(self) + '/' + str(other))
+        path1 = Path('home')
+        path2 = Path('user')
+        z = old_div(path1, path2)
+        assert isinstance(z, Path)
+        assert str(z) == 'home/user'
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+    def test_basestring_issue_156(self):
+        before = """
+        x = str(3)
+        allowed_types = basestring, int
+        assert isinstance('', allowed_types)
+        assert isinstance(u'', allowed_types)
+        assert isinstance(u'foo', basestring)
+        """
+        after = """
+        from builtins import str
+        from past.builtins import basestring
+        x = str(3)
+        allowed_types = basestring, int
+        assert isinstance('', allowed_types)
+        assert isinstance(u'', allowed_types)
+        assert isinstance(u'foo', basestring)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after)
+
+
+class TestConservativeFuturize(CodeHandler):
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_basestring(self):
+        """
+        In conservative mode, futurize would not modify "basestring"
+        but merely import it from ``past``, and the following code would still
+        run on both Py2 and Py3.
+        """
+        before = """
+        assert isinstance('hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(u'hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(b'hello', basestring)
+        """
+        after = """
+        from past.builtins import basestring
+        assert isinstance('hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(u'hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(b'hello', basestring)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, conservative=True)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_open(self):
+        """
+        In conservative mode, futurize would not import io.open because
+        this changes the default return type from bytes to text.
+        """
+        before = """
+        filename = 'temp_file_open.test'
+        contents = 'Temporary file contents. Delete me.'
+        with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(contents)
+
+        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        assert isinstance(data, str)
+        assert data == contents
+        """
+        after = """
+        from past.builtins import open, str as oldbytes, unicode
+        filename = oldbytes(b'temp_file_open.test')
+        contents = oldbytes(b'Temporary file contents. Delete me.')
+        with open(filename, oldbytes(b'w')) as f:
+            f.write(contents)
+
+        with open(filename, oldbytes(b'r')) as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        assert isinstance(data, oldbytes)
+        assert data == contents
+        assert isinstance(oldbytes(b'hello'), basestring)
+        assert isinstance(unicode(u'hello'), basestring)
+        assert isinstance(oldbytes(b'hello'), basestring)
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, conservative=True)
+
+
+class TestFuturizeAllImports(CodeHandler):
+    """
+    Tests "futurize --all-imports".
+    """
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_all_imports(self):
+        before = """
+        import math
+        import os
+        l = range(10)
+        assert isinstance(l, list)
+        print 'Hello'
+        for i in xrange(100):
+            pass
+        print('Hello')
+        """
+        after = """
+        from __future__ import absolute_import
+        from __future__ import division
+        from __future__ import print_function
+        from __future__ import unicode_literals
+        from future import standard_library
+        standard_library.install_aliases()
+        from builtins import *
+        from builtins import range
+        import math
+        import os
+        l = list(range(10))
+        assert isinstance(l, list)
+        print('Hello')
+        for i in range(100):
+            pass
+        print('Hello')
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, all_imports=True, ignore_imports=False)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_html.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_html.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..251a530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_html.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""
+Tests for the html module functions.
+
+Adapted for the python-future module from the Python 3.3 standard library tests.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from future import standard_library
+
+with standard_library.hooks():
+    import html
+
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class HtmlTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_escape(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            html.escape('\'<script>"&foo;"</script>\''),
+            '&#x27;&lt;script&gt;&quot;&amp;foo;&quot;&lt;/script&gt;&#x27;')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            html.escape('\'<script>"&foo;"</script>\'', False),
+            '\'&lt;script&gt;"&amp;foo;"&lt;/script&gt;\'')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_htmlparser.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_htmlparser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a745ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_htmlparser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the html.parser functions.
+
+Adapted for the python-future module from the Python 3.3 standard library
+tests.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future import standard_library, utils
+from future.builtins import *
+
+from future.backports.test import support
+import future.backports.html.parser as html_parser
+
+import pprint
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+import sys
+
+# print(html_parser.__doc__, file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+class EventCollector(html_parser.HTMLParser):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+        self.events = []
+        self.append = self.events.append
+        html_parser.HTMLParser.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
+
+    def get_events(self):
+        # Normalize the list of events so that buffer artefacts don't
+        # separate runs of contiguous characters.
+        L = []
+        prevtype = None
+        for event in self.events:
+            type = event[0]
+            if type == prevtype == "data":
+                L[-1] = ("data", L[-1][1] + event[1])
+            else:
+                L.append(event)
+            prevtype = type
+        self.events = L
+        return L
+
+    # structure markup
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+        self.append(("starttag", tag, attrs))
+
+    def handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs):
+        self.append(("startendtag", tag, attrs))
+
+    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
+        self.append(("endtag", tag))
+
+    # all other markup
+
+    def handle_comment(self, data):
+        self.append(("comment", data))
+
+    def handle_charref(self, data):
+        self.append(("charref", data))
+
+    def handle_data(self, data):
+        self.append(("data", data))
+
+    def handle_decl(self, data):
+        self.append(("decl", data))
+
+    def handle_entityref(self, data):
+        self.append(("entityref", data))
+
+    def handle_pi(self, data):
+        self.append(("pi", data))
+
+    def unknown_decl(self, decl):
+        self.append(("unknown decl", decl))
+
+
+class EventCollectorExtra(EventCollector):
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+        EventCollector.handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs)
+        self.append(("starttag_text", self.get_starttag_text()))
+
+
+class TestCaseBase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def get_collector(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _run_check(self, source, expected_events, collector=None):
+        if collector is None:
+            collector = self.get_collector()
+        parser = collector
+        for s in source:
+            parser.feed(s)
+        parser.close()
+        events = parser.get_events()
+        if events != expected_events:
+            self.fail("received events did not match expected events\n"
+                      "Expected:\n" + pprint.pformat(expected_events) +
+                      "\nReceived:\n" + pprint.pformat(events))
+
+    def _run_check_extra(self, source, events):
+        self._run_check(source, events, EventCollectorExtra())
+
+    def _parse_error(self, source):
+        def parse(source=source):
+            parser = self.get_collector()
+            parser.feed(source)
+            parser.close()
+        self.assertRaises(html_parser.HTMLParseError, parse)
+
+
+class HTMLParserStrictTestCase(TestCaseBase):
+
+    def get_collector(self):
+        with support.check_warnings(("", DeprecationWarning), quiet=False):
+            return EventCollector(strict=True)
+
+    def test_processing_instruction_only(self):
+        self._run_check("<?processing instruction>", [
+            ("pi", "processing instruction"),
+            ])
+        self._run_check("<?processing instruction ?>", [
+            ("pi", "processing instruction ?"),
+            ])
+
+    def test_simple_html(self):
+        self._run_check("""
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC 'foo'>
+<HTML>&entity;&#32;
+<!--comment1a
+-></foo><bar>&lt;<?pi?></foo<bar
+comment1b-->
+<Img sRc='Bar' isMAP>sample
+text
+&#x201C;
+<!--comment2a-- --comment2b-->
+</Html>
+""", [
+    ("data", "\n"),
+    ("decl", "DOCTYPE html PUBLIC 'foo'"),
+    ("data", "\n"),
+    ("starttag", "html", []),
+    ("entityref", "entity"),
+    ("charref", "32"),
+    ("data", "\n"),
+    ("comment", "comment1a\n-></foo><bar>&lt;<?pi?></foo<bar\ncomment1b"),
+    ("data", "\n"),
+    ("starttag", "img", [("src", "Bar"), ("ismap", None)]),
+    ("data", "sample\ntext\n"),
+    ("charref", "x201C"),
+    ("data", "\n"),
+    ("comment", "comment2a-- --comment2b"),
+    ("data", "\n"),
+    ("endtag", "html"),
+    ("data", "\n"),
+    ])
+
+    def test_malformatted_charref(self):
+        self._run_check("<p>&#bad;</p>", [
+            ("starttag", "p", []),
+            ("data", "&#bad;"),
+            ("endtag", "p"),
+        ])
+
+    def test_unclosed_entityref(self):
+        self._run_check("&entityref foo", [
+            ("entityref", "entityref"),
+            ("data", " foo"),
+            ])
+
+    def test_bad_nesting(self):
+        # Strangely, this *is* supposed to test that overlapping
+        # elements are allowed.  HTMLParser is more geared toward
+        # lexing the input that parsing the structure.
+        self._run_check("<a><b></a></b>", [
+            ("starttag", "a", []),
+            ("starttag", "b", []),
+            ("endtag", "a"),
+            ("endtag", "b"),
+            ])
+
+    def test_bare_ampersands(self):
+        self._run_check("this text & contains & ampersands &", [
+            ("data", "this text & contains & ampersands &"),
+            ])
+
+    def test_bare_pointy_brackets(self):
+        self._run_check("this < text > contains < bare>pointy< brackets", [
+            ("data", "this < text > contains < bare>pointy< brackets"),
+            ])
+
+    def test_illegal_declarations(self):
+        self._parse_error('<!spacer type="block" height="25">')
+
+    def test_starttag_end_boundary(self):
+        self._run_check("""<a b='<'>""", [("starttag", "a", [("b", "<")])])
+        self._run_check("""<a b='>'>""", [("starttag", "a", [("b", ">")])])
+
+    def test_buffer_artefacts(self):
+        output = [("starttag", "a", [("b", "<")])]
+        self._run_check(["<a b='<'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a ", "b='<'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b", "='<'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b=", "'<'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b='<", "'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b='<'", ">"], output)
+
+        output = [("starttag", "a", [("b", ">")])]
+        self._run_check(["<a b='>'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a ", "b='>'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b", "='>'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b=", "'>'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b='>", "'>"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<a b='>'", ">"], output)
+
+        output = [("comment", "abc")]
+        self._run_check(["", "<!--abc-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<", "!--abc-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!", "--abc-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!-", "-abc-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!--", "abc-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!--a", "bc-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!--ab", "c-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!--abc", "-->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!--abc-", "->"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!--abc--", ">"], output)
+        self._run_check(["<!--abc-->", ""], output)
+
+    def test_starttag_junk_chars(self):
+        self._parse_error("</>")
+        self._parse_error("</$>")
+        self._parse_error("</")
+        self._parse_error("</a")
+        self._parse_error("<a<a>")
+        self._parse_error("</a<a>")
+        self._parse_error("<!")
+        self._parse_error("<a")
+        self._parse_error("<a foo='bar'")
+        self._parse_error("<a foo='bar")
+        self._parse_error("<a foo='>'")
+        self._parse_error("<a foo='>")
+
+    def test_valid_doctypes(self):
+        # from http://www.w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html
+        dtds = ['HTML',  # HTML5 doctype
+                ('HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"'),
+                ('HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"'),
+                ('html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"'),
+                ('html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd"'),
+                ('math PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd"'),
+                ('html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD '
+                 'XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd"'),
+                ('svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" '
+                 '"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"'),
+                'html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"',
+                'html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"']
+        for dtd in dtds:
+            self._run_check("<!DOCTYPE %s>" % dtd,
+                            [('decl', 'DOCTYPE ' + dtd)])
+
+    def test_declaration_junk_chars(self):
+        self._parse_error("<!DOCTYPE foo $ >")
+
+    def test_startendtag(self):
+        self._run_check("<p/>", [
+            ("startendtag", "p", []),
+            ])
+        self._run_check("<p></p>", [
+            ("starttag", "p", []),
+            ("endtag", "p"),
+            ])
+        self._run_check("<p><img src='foo' /></p>", [
+            ("starttag", "p", []),
+            ("startendtag", "img", [("src", "foo")]),
+            ("endtag", "p"),
+            ])
+
+    def test_get_starttag_text(self):
+        s = """<foo:bar   \n   one="1"\ttwo=2   >"""
+        self._run_check_extra(s, [
+            ("starttag", "foo:bar", [("one", "1"), ("two", "2")]),
+            ("starttag_text", s)])
+
+    def test_cdata_content(self):
+        contents = [
+            '<!-- not a comment --> &not-an-entity-ref;',
+            "<not a='start tag'>",
+            '<a href="" /> <p> <span></span>',
+            'foo = "</scr" + "ipt>";',
+            'foo = "</SCRIPT" + ">";',
+            'foo = <\n/script> ',
+            '<!-- document.write("</scr" + "ipt>"); -->',
+            ('\n//<![CDATA[\n'
+             'document.write(\'<s\'+\'cript type="text/javascript" '
+             'src="http://www.example.org/r=\'+new '
+             'Date().getTime()+\'"><\\/s\'+\'cript>\');\n//]]>'),
+            '\n<!-- //\nvar foo = 3.14;\n// -->\n',
+            'foo = "</sty" + "le>";',
+            '<!-- \u2603 -->',
+            # these two should be invalid according to the HTML 5 spec,
+            # section 8.1.2.2
+            #'foo = </\nscript>',
+            #'foo = </ script>',
+        ]
+        elements = ['script', 'style', 'SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'Script', 'Style']
+        for content in contents:
+            for element in elements:
+                element_lower = element.lower()
+                s = '<{element}>{content}</{element}>'.format(element=element,
+                                                               content=content)
+                self._run_check(s, [("starttag", element_lower, []),
+                                    ("data", content),
+                                    ("endtag", element_lower)])
+
+    def test_cdata_with_closing_tags(self):
+        # see issue #13358
+        # make sure that HTMLParser calls handle_data only once for each CDATA.
+        # The normal event collector normalizes  the events in get_events,
+        # so we override it to return the original list of events.
+        class Collector(EventCollector):
+            def get_events(self):
+                return self.events
+
+        content = """<!-- not a comment --> &not-an-entity-ref;
+                  <a href="" /> </p><p> <span></span></style>
+                  '</script' + '>'"""
+        for element in [' script', 'script ', ' script ',
+                        '\nscript', 'script\n', '\nscript\n']:
+            element_lower = element.lower().strip()
+            s = '<script>{content}</{element}>'.format(element=element,
+                                                       content=content)
+            self._run_check(s, [("starttag", element_lower, []),
+                                ("data", content),
+                                ("endtag", element_lower)],
+                            collector=Collector())
+
+    def test_comments(self):
+        html = ("<!-- I'm a valid comment -->"
+                '<!--me too!-->'
+                '<!------>'
+                '<!---->'
+                '<!----I have many hyphens---->'
+                '<!-- I have a > in the middle -->'
+                '<!-- and I have -- in the middle! -->')
+        expected = [('comment', " I'm a valid comment "),
+                    ('comment', 'me too!'),
+                    ('comment', '--'),
+                    ('comment', ''),
+                    ('comment', '--I have many hyphens--'),
+                    ('comment', ' I have a > in the middle '),
+                    ('comment', ' and I have -- in the middle! ')]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_condcoms(self):
+        html = ('<!--[if IE & !(lte IE 8)]>aren\'t<![endif]-->'
+                '<!--[if IE 8]>condcoms<![endif]-->'
+                '<!--[if lte IE 7]>pretty?<![endif]-->')
+        expected = [('comment', "[if IE & !(lte IE 8)]>aren't<![endif]"),
+                    ('comment', '[if IE 8]>condcoms<![endif]'),
+                    ('comment', '[if lte IE 7]>pretty?<![endif]')]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+
+class HTMLParserTolerantTestCase(HTMLParserStrictTestCase):
+
+    def get_collector(self):
+        return EventCollector(strict=False)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, 'not working on Py3.3.4 for some reason ...')
+    def test_tolerant_parsing(self):
+        self._run_check('<html <html>te>>xt&a<<bc</a></html>\n'
+                        '<img src="URL><//img></html</html>', [
+                            ('starttag', 'html', [('<html', None)]),
+                            ('data', 'te>>xt'),
+                            ('entityref', 'a'),
+                            ('data', '<<bc'),
+                            ('endtag', 'a'),
+                            ('endtag', 'html'),
+                            ('data', '\n<img src="URL>'),
+                            ('comment', '/img'),
+                            ('endtag', 'html<')])
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, 'not working on Py3.3.4 for some reason ...')
+    def test_starttag_junk_chars(self):
+        self._run_check("</>", [])
+        self._run_check("</$>", [('comment', '$')])
+        self._run_check("</", [('data', '</')])
+        self._run_check("</a", [('data', '</a')])
+        # XXX this might be wrong
+        self._run_check("<a<a>", [('data', '<a'), ('starttag', 'a', [])])
+        self._run_check("</a<a>", [('endtag', 'a<a')])
+        self._run_check("<!", [('data', '<!')])
+        self._run_check("<a", [('data', '<a')])
+        self._run_check("<a foo='bar'", [('data', "<a foo='bar'")])
+        self._run_check("<a foo='bar", [('data', "<a foo='bar")])
+        self._run_check("<a foo='>'", [('data', "<a foo='>'")])
+        self._run_check("<a foo='>", [('data', "<a foo='>")])
+
+    def test_slashes_in_starttag(self):
+        self._run_check('<a foo="var"/>', [('startendtag', 'a', [('foo', 'var')])])
+        html = ('<img width=902 height=250px '
+                'src="/sites/default/files/images/homepage/foo.jpg" '
+                '/*what am I doing here*/ />')
+        expected = [(
+            'startendtag', 'img',
+            [('width', '902'), ('height', '250px'),
+             ('src', '/sites/default/files/images/homepage/foo.jpg'),
+             ('*what', None), ('am', None), ('i', None),
+             ('doing', None), ('here*', None)]
+        )]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+        html = ('<a / /foo/ / /=/ / /bar/ / />'
+                '<a / /foo/ / /=/ / /bar/ / >')
+        expected = [
+            ('startendtag', 'a', [('foo', None), ('=', None), ('bar', None)]),
+            ('starttag', 'a', [('foo', None), ('=', None), ('bar', None)])
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+        #see issue #14538
+        html = ('<meta><meta / ><meta // ><meta / / >'
+                '<meta/><meta /><meta //><meta//>')
+        expected = [
+            ('starttag', 'meta', []), ('starttag', 'meta', []),
+            ('starttag', 'meta', []), ('starttag', 'meta', []),
+            ('startendtag', 'meta', []), ('startendtag', 'meta', []),
+            ('startendtag', 'meta', []), ('startendtag', 'meta', []),
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_declaration_junk_chars(self):
+        self._run_check("<!DOCTYPE foo $ >", [('decl', 'DOCTYPE foo $ ')])
+
+    def test_illegal_declarations(self):
+        self._run_check('<!spacer type="block" height="25">',
+                        [('comment', 'spacer type="block" height="25"')])
+
+    def test_with_unquoted_attributes(self):
+        # see #12008
+        html = ("<html><body bgcolor=d0ca90 text='181008'>"
+                "<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=1 width=100% ><tr>"
+                "<td align=left><font size=-1>"
+                "- <a href=/rabota/><span class=en> software-and-i</span></a>"
+                "- <a href='/1/'><span class=en> library</span></a></table>")
+        expected = [
+            ('starttag', 'html', []),
+            ('starttag', 'body', [('bgcolor', 'd0ca90'), ('text', '181008')]),
+            ('starttag', 'table',
+                [('cellspacing', '0'), ('cellpadding', '1'), ('width', '100%')]),
+            ('starttag', 'tr', []),
+            ('starttag', 'td', [('align', 'left')]),
+            ('starttag', 'font', [('size', '-1')]),
+            ('data', '- '), ('starttag', 'a', [('href', '/rabota/')]),
+            ('starttag', 'span', [('class', 'en')]), ('data', ' software-and-i'),
+            ('endtag', 'span'), ('endtag', 'a'),
+            ('data', '- '), ('starttag', 'a', [('href', '/1/')]),
+            ('starttag', 'span', [('class', 'en')]), ('data', ' library'),
+            ('endtag', 'span'), ('endtag', 'a'), ('endtag', 'table')
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_comma_between_attributes(self):
+        self._run_check('<form action="/xxx.php?a=1&amp;b=2&amp", '
+                        'method="post">', [
+                            ('starttag', 'form',
+                                [('action', '/xxx.php?a=1&b=2&'),
+                                 (',', None), ('method', 'post')])])
+
+    def test_weird_chars_in_unquoted_attribute_values(self):
+        self._run_check('<form action=bogus|&#()value>', [
+                            ('starttag', 'form',
+                                [('action', 'bogus|&#()value')])])
+
+    def test_invalid_end_tags(self):
+        # A collection of broken end tags. <br> is used as separator.
+        # see http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/tokenization.html#end-tag-open-state
+        # and #13993
+        html = ('<br></label</p><br></div end tmAd-leaderBoard><br></<h4><br>'
+                '</li class="unit"><br></li\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</ul><br></><br>')
+        expected = [('starttag', 'br', []),
+                    # < is part of the name, / is discarded, p is an attribute
+                    ('endtag', 'label<'),
+                    ('starttag', 'br', []),
+                    # text and attributes are discarded
+                    ('endtag', 'div'),
+                    ('starttag', 'br', []),
+                    # comment because the first char after </ is not a-zA-Z
+                    ('comment', '<h4'),
+                    ('starttag', 'br', []),
+                    # attributes are discarded
+                    ('endtag', 'li'),
+                    ('starttag', 'br', []),
+                    # everything till ul (included) is discarded
+                    ('endtag', 'li'),
+                    ('starttag', 'br', []),
+                    # </> is ignored
+                    ('starttag', 'br', [])]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_broken_invalid_end_tag(self):
+        # This is technically wrong (the "> shouldn't be included in the 'data')
+        # but is probably not worth fixing it (in addition to all the cases of
+        # the previous test, it would require a full attribute parsing).
+        # see #13993
+        html = '<b>This</b attr=">"> confuses the parser'
+        expected = [('starttag', 'b', []),
+                    ('data', 'This'),
+                    ('endtag', 'b'),
+                    ('data', '"> confuses the parser')]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_correct_detection_of_start_tags(self):
+        # see #13273
+        html = ('<div style=""    ><b>The <a href="some_url">rain</a> '
+                '<br /> in <span>Spain</span></b></div>')
+        expected = [
+            ('starttag', 'div', [('style', '')]),
+            ('starttag', 'b', []),
+            ('data', 'The '),
+            ('starttag', 'a', [('href', 'some_url')]),
+            ('data', 'rain'),
+            ('endtag', 'a'),
+            ('data', ' '),
+            ('startendtag', 'br', []),
+            ('data', ' in '),
+            ('starttag', 'span', []),
+            ('data', 'Spain'),
+            ('endtag', 'span'),
+            ('endtag', 'b'),
+            ('endtag', 'div')
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+        html = '<div style="", foo = "bar" ><b>The <a href="some_url">rain</a>'
+        expected = [
+            ('starttag', 'div', [('style', ''), (',', None), ('foo', 'bar')]),
+            ('starttag', 'b', []),
+            ('data', 'The '),
+            ('starttag', 'a', [('href', 'some_url')]),
+            ('data', 'rain'),
+            ('endtag', 'a'),
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_unescape_function(self):
+        p = self.get_collector()
+        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&#bad;'),'&#bad;')
+        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&#0038;'),'&')
+        # see #12888
+        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&#123; ' * 1050), '{ ' * 1050)
+        # see #15156
+        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&Eacuteric&Eacute;ric'
+                                    '&alphacentauri&alpha;centauri'),
+                                    'ÉricÉric&alphacentauriαcentauri')
+        self.assertEqual(p.unescape('&co;'), '&co;')
+
+    def test_broken_comments(self):
+        html = ('<! not really a comment >'
+                '<! not a comment either -->'
+                '<! -- close enough -->'
+                '<!><!<-- this was an empty comment>'
+                '<!!! another bogus comment !!!>')
+        expected = [
+            ('comment', ' not really a comment '),
+            ('comment', ' not a comment either --'),
+            ('comment', ' -- close enough --'),
+            ('comment', ''),
+            ('comment', '<-- this was an empty comment'),
+            ('comment', '!! another bogus comment !!!'),
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_broken_condcoms(self):
+        # these condcoms are missing the '--' after '<!' and before the '>'
+        html = ('<![if !(IE)]>broken condcom<![endif]>'
+                '<![if ! IE]><link href="favicon.tiff"/><![endif]>'
+                '<![if !IE 6]><img src="firefox.png" /><![endif]>'
+                '<![if !ie 6]><b>foo</b><![endif]>'
+                '<![if (!IE)|(lt IE 9)]><img src="mammoth.bmp" /><![endif]>')
+        # According to the HTML5 specs sections "8.2.4.44 Bogus comment state"
+        # and "8.2.4.45 Markup declaration open state", comment tokens should
+        # be emitted instead of 'unknown decl', but calling unknown_decl
+        # provides more flexibility.
+        # See also Lib/_markupbase.py:parse_declaration
+        expected = [
+            ('unknown decl', 'if !(IE)'),
+            ('data', 'broken condcom'),
+            ('unknown decl', 'endif'),
+            ('unknown decl', 'if ! IE'),
+            ('startendtag', 'link', [('href', 'favicon.tiff')]),
+            ('unknown decl', 'endif'),
+            ('unknown decl', 'if !IE 6'),
+            ('startendtag', 'img', [('src', 'firefox.png')]),
+            ('unknown decl', 'endif'),
+            ('unknown decl', 'if !ie 6'),
+            ('starttag', 'b', []),
+            ('data', 'foo'),
+            ('endtag', 'b'),
+            ('unknown decl', 'endif'),
+            ('unknown decl', 'if (!IE)|(lt IE 9)'),
+            ('startendtag', 'img', [('src', 'mammoth.bmp')]),
+            ('unknown decl', 'endif')
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+
+class AttributesStrictTestCase(TestCaseBase):
+
+    def get_collector(self):
+        with support.check_warnings(("", DeprecationWarning), quiet=False):
+            return EventCollector(strict=True)
+
+    def test_attr_syntax(self):
+        output = [
+          ("starttag", "a", [("b", "v"), ("c", "v"), ("d", "v"), ("e", None)])
+        ]
+        self._run_check("""<a b='v' c="v" d=v e>""", output)
+        self._run_check("""<a  b = 'v' c = "v" d = v e>""", output)
+        self._run_check("""<a\nb\n=\n'v'\nc\n=\n"v"\nd\n=\nv\ne>""", output)
+        self._run_check("""<a\tb\t=\t'v'\tc\t=\t"v"\td\t=\tv\te>""", output)
+
+    def test_attr_values(self):
+        self._run_check("""<a b='xxx\n\txxx' c="yyy\t\nyyy" d='\txyz\n'>""",
+                        [("starttag", "a", [("b", "xxx\n\txxx"),
+                                            ("c", "yyy\t\nyyy"),
+                                            ("d", "\txyz\n")])])
+        self._run_check("""<a b='' c="">""",
+                        [("starttag", "a", [("b", ""), ("c", "")])])
+        # Regression test for SF patch #669683.
+        self._run_check("<e a=rgb(1,2,3)>",
+                        [("starttag", "e", [("a", "rgb(1,2,3)")])])
+        # Regression test for SF bug #921657.
+        self._run_check(
+            "<a href=mailto:xyz@example.com>",
+            [("starttag", "a", [("href", "mailto:xyz@example.com")])])
+
+    def test_attr_nonascii(self):
+        # see issue 7311
+        self._run_check(
+            "<img src=/foo/bar.png alt=\u4e2d\u6587>",
+            [("starttag", "img", [("src", "/foo/bar.png"),
+                                  ("alt", "\u4e2d\u6587")])])
+        self._run_check(
+            "<a title='\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8' href='\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8.html'>",
+            [("starttag", "a", [("title", "\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8"),
+                                ("href", "\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8.html")])])
+        self._run_check(
+            '<a title="\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8" href="\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8.html">',
+            [("starttag", "a", [("title", "\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8"),
+                                ("href", "\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8.html")])])
+
+    def test_attr_entity_replacement(self):
+        self._run_check(
+            "<a b='&amp;&gt;&lt;&quot;&apos;'>",
+            [("starttag", "a", [("b", "&><\"'")])])
+
+    def test_attr_funky_names(self):
+        self._run_check(
+            "<a a.b='v' c:d=v e-f=v>",
+            [("starttag", "a", [("a.b", "v"), ("c:d", "v"), ("e-f", "v")])])
+
+    def test_entityrefs_in_attributes(self):
+        self._run_check(
+            "<html foo='&euro;&amp;&#97;&#x61;&unsupported;'>",
+            [("starttag", "html", [("foo", "\u20AC&aa&unsupported;")])])
+
+
+
+class AttributesTolerantTestCase(AttributesStrictTestCase):
+
+    def get_collector(self):
+        return EventCollector(strict=False)
+
+    def test_attr_funky_names2(self):
+        self._run_check(
+            "<a $><b $=%><c \=/>",
+            [("starttag", "a", [("$", None)]),
+             ("starttag", "b", [("$", "%")]),
+             ("starttag", "c", [("\\", "/")])])
+
+    def test_entities_in_attribute_value(self):
+        # see #1200313
+        for entity in ['&', '&amp;', '&#38;', '&#x26;']:
+            self._run_check('<a href="%s">' % entity,
+                            [("starttag", "a", [("href", "&")])])
+            self._run_check("<a href='%s'>" % entity,
+                            [("starttag", "a", [("href", "&")])])
+            self._run_check("<a href=%s>" % entity,
+                            [("starttag", "a", [("href", "&")])])
+
+    def test_malformed_attributes(self):
+        # see #13357
+        html = (
+            "<a href=test'style='color:red;bad1'>test - bad1</a>"
+            "<a href=test'+style='color:red;ba2'>test - bad2</a>"
+            "<a href=test'&nbsp;style='color:red;bad3'>test - bad3</a>"
+            "<a href = test'&nbsp;style='color:red;bad4'  >test - bad4</a>"
+        )
+        expected = [
+            ('starttag', 'a', [('href', "test'style='color:red;bad1'")]),
+            ('data', 'test - bad1'), ('endtag', 'a'),
+            ('starttag', 'a', [('href', "test'+style='color:red;ba2'")]),
+            ('data', 'test - bad2'), ('endtag', 'a'),
+            ('starttag', 'a', [('href', "test'\xa0style='color:red;bad3'")]),
+            ('data', 'test - bad3'), ('endtag', 'a'),
+            ('starttag', 'a', [('href', "test'\xa0style='color:red;bad4'")]),
+            ('data', 'test - bad4'), ('endtag', 'a')
+        ]
+        self._run_check(html, expected)
+
+    def test_malformed_adjacent_attributes(self):
+        # see #12629
+        self._run_check('<x><y z=""o"" /></x>',
+                        [('starttag', 'x', []),
+                            ('startendtag', 'y', [('z', ''), ('o""', None)]),
+                            ('endtag', 'x')])
+        self._run_check('<x><y z="""" /></x>',
+                        [('starttag', 'x', []),
+                            ('startendtag', 'y', [('z', ''), ('""', None)]),
+                            ('endtag', 'x')])
+
+    # see #755670 for the following 3 tests
+    def test_adjacent_attributes(self):
+        self._run_check('<a width="100%"cellspacing=0>',
+                        [("starttag", "a",
+                          [("width", "100%"), ("cellspacing","0")])])
+
+        self._run_check('<a id="foo"class="bar">',
+                        [("starttag", "a",
+                          [("id", "foo"), ("class","bar")])])
+
+    def test_missing_attribute_value(self):
+        self._run_check('<a v=>',
+                        [("starttag", "a", [("v", "")])])
+
+    def test_javascript_attribute_value(self):
+        self._run_check("<a href=javascript:popup('/popup/help.html')>",
+                        [("starttag", "a",
+                          [("href", "javascript:popup('/popup/help.html')")])])
+
+    def test_end_tag_in_attribute_value(self):
+        # see #1745761
+        self._run_check("<a href='http://www.example.org/\">;'>spam</a>",
+                        [("starttag", "a",
+                          [("href", "http://www.example.org/\">;")]),
+                         ("data", "spam"), ("endtag", "a")])
+
+def test_main():
+    support.run_unittest(HTMLParserStrictTestCase, HTMLParserTolerantTestCase,
+                         AttributesStrictTestCase, AttributesTolerantTestCase)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # unittest.main()
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_http_cookiejar.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_http_cookiejar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..079026b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_http_cookiejar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1755 @@
+"""Tests for http/cookiejar.py."""
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future.builtins import range
+from future.builtins import open
+
+import os
+import re
+import time
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26, expectedFailurePY26
+import future.backports.test.support as test_support
+import future.backports.urllib.request as urllib_request
+
+from future.backports.http.cookiejar import (time2isoz, http2time,
+     iso2time, time2netscape,
+     parse_ns_headers, join_header_words, split_header_words, Cookie,
+     CookieJar, DefaultCookiePolicy, LWPCookieJar, MozillaCookieJar,
+     LoadError, lwp_cookie_str, DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT, escape_path,
+     reach, is_HDN, domain_match, user_domain_match, request_path,
+     request_port, request_host)
+
+
+class DateTimeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_time2isoz(self):
+        base = 1019227000
+        day = 24*3600
+        self.assertEqual(time2isoz(base), "2002-04-19 14:36:40Z")
+        self.assertEqual(time2isoz(base+day), "2002-04-20 14:36:40Z")
+        self.assertEqual(time2isoz(base+2*day), "2002-04-21 14:36:40Z")
+        self.assertEqual(time2isoz(base+3*day), "2002-04-22 14:36:40Z")
+
+        az = time2isoz()
+        bz = time2isoz(500000)
+        for text in (az, bz):
+            self.assertRegex(text, r"^\d{4}-\d\d-\d\d \d\d:\d\d:\d\dZ$",
+                             "bad time2isoz format: %s %s" % (az, bz))
+
+    def test_http2time(self):
+        def parse_date(text):
+            return time.gmtime(http2time(text))[:6]
+
+        self.assertEqual(parse_date("01 Jan 2001"), (2001, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0.0))
+
+        # this test will break around year 2070
+        self.assertEqual(parse_date("03-Feb-20"), (2020, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0.0))
+
+        # this test will break around year 2048
+        self.assertEqual(parse_date("03-Feb-98"), (1998, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0.0))
+
+    def test_http2time_formats(self):
+        # test http2time for supported dates.  Test cases with 2 digit year
+        # will probably break in year 2044.
+        tests = [
+         'Thu, 03 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT',  # proposed new HTTP format
+         'Thursday, 03-Feb-94 00:00:00 GMT',  # old rfc850 HTTP format
+         'Thursday, 03-Feb-1994 00:00:00 GMT',  # broken rfc850 HTTP format
+
+         '03 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT',  # HTTP format (no weekday)
+         '03-Feb-94 00:00:00 GMT',  # old rfc850 (no weekday)
+         '03-Feb-1994 00:00:00 GMT',  # broken rfc850 (no weekday)
+         '03-Feb-1994 00:00 GMT',  # broken rfc850 (no weekday, no seconds)
+         '03-Feb-1994 00:00',  # broken rfc850 (no weekday, no seconds, no tz)
+         '02-Feb-1994 24:00',  # broken rfc850 (no weekday, no seconds,
+                               # no tz) using hour 24 with yesterday date
+
+         '03-Feb-94',  # old rfc850 HTTP format (no weekday, no time)
+         '03-Feb-1994',  # broken rfc850 HTTP format (no weekday, no time)
+         '03 Feb 1994',  # proposed new HTTP format (no weekday, no time)
+
+         # A few tests with extra space at various places
+         '  03   Feb   1994  0:00  ',
+         '  03-Feb-1994  ',
+        ]
+
+        test_t = 760233600  # assume broken POSIX counting of seconds
+        result = time2isoz(test_t)
+        expected = "1994-02-03 00:00:00Z"
+        self.assertEqual(result, expected,
+                         "%s  =>  '%s' (%s)" % (test_t, result, expected))
+
+        for s in tests:
+            self.assertEqual(http2time(s), test_t, s)
+            self.assertEqual(http2time(s.lower()), test_t, s.lower())
+            self.assertEqual(http2time(s.upper()), test_t, s.upper())
+
+    def test_http2time_garbage(self):
+        for test in [
+            '',
+            'Garbage',
+            'Mandag 16. September 1996',
+            '01-00-1980',
+            '01-13-1980',
+            '00-01-1980',
+            '32-01-1980',
+            '01-01-1980 25:00:00',
+            '01-01-1980 00:61:00',
+            '01-01-1980 00:00:62',
+            ]:
+            self.assertIsNone(http2time(test),
+                              "http2time(%s) is not None\n"
+                              "http2time(test) %s" % (test, http2time(test)))
+
+    def test_iso2time(self):
+        def parse_date(text):
+            return time.gmtime(iso2time(text))[:6]
+
+        # ISO 8601 compact format
+        self.assertEqual(parse_date("19940203T141529Z"),
+                         (1994, 2, 3, 14, 15, 29))
+
+        # ISO 8601 with time behind UTC
+        self.assertEqual(parse_date("1994-02-03 07:15:29 -0700"),
+                         (1994, 2, 3, 14, 15, 29))
+
+        # ISO 8601 with time ahead of UTC
+        self.assertEqual(parse_date("1994-02-03 19:45:29 +0530"),
+                         (1994, 2, 3, 14, 15, 29))
+
+    def test_iso2time_formats(self):
+        # test iso2time for supported dates.
+        tests = [
+            '1994-02-03 00:00:00 -0000', # ISO 8601 format
+            '1994-02-03 00:00:00 +0000', # ISO 8601 format
+            '1994-02-03 00:00:00',       # zone is optional
+            '1994-02-03',                # only date
+            '1994-02-03T00:00:00',       # Use T as separator
+            '19940203',                  # only date
+            '1994-02-02 24:00:00',       # using hour-24 yesterday date
+            '19940203T000000Z',          # ISO 8601 compact format
+
+            # A few tests with extra space at various places
+            '  1994-02-03 ',
+            '  1994-02-03T00:00:00  ',
+        ]
+
+        test_t = 760233600  # assume broken POSIX counting of seconds
+        for s in tests:
+            self.assertEqual(iso2time(s), test_t, s)
+            self.assertEqual(iso2time(s.lower()), test_t, s.lower())
+            self.assertEqual(iso2time(s.upper()), test_t, s.upper())
+
+    def test_iso2time_garbage(self):
+        for test in [
+            '',
+            'Garbage',
+            'Thursday, 03-Feb-94 00:00:00 GMT',
+            '1980-00-01',
+            '1980-13-01',
+            '1980-01-00',
+            '1980-01-32',
+            '1980-01-01 25:00:00',
+            '1980-01-01 00:61:00',
+            '01-01-1980 00:00:62',
+            '01-01-1980T00:00:62',
+            '19800101T250000Z'
+            '1980-01-01 00:00:00 -2500',
+            ]:
+            self.assertIsNone(iso2time(test),
+                              "iso2time(%s) is not None\n"
+                              "iso2time(test) %s" % (test, iso2time(test)))
+
+
+class HeaderTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_parse_ns_headers(self):
+        # quotes should be stripped
+        expected = [[('foo', 'bar'), ('expires', 2209069412), ('version', '0')]]
+        for hdr in [
+            'foo=bar; expires=01 Jan 2040 22:23:32 GMT',
+            'foo=bar; expires="01 Jan 2040 22:23:32 GMT"',
+            ]:
+            self.assertEqual(parse_ns_headers([hdr]), expected)
+
+    def test_parse_ns_headers_version(self):
+
+        # quotes should be stripped
+        expected = [[('foo', 'bar'), ('version', '1')]]
+        for hdr in [
+            'foo=bar; version="1"',
+            'foo=bar; Version="1"',
+            ]:
+            self.assertEqual(parse_ns_headers([hdr]), expected)
+
+    def test_parse_ns_headers_special_names(self):
+        # names such as 'expires' are not special in first name=value pair
+        # of Set-Cookie: header
+        # Cookie with name 'expires'
+        hdr = 'expires=01 Jan 2040 22:23:32 GMT'
+        expected = [[("expires", "01 Jan 2040 22:23:32 GMT"), ("version", "0")]]
+        self.assertEqual(parse_ns_headers([hdr]), expected)
+
+    def test_join_header_words(self):
+        joined = join_header_words([[("foo", None), ("bar", "baz")]])
+        self.assertEqual(joined, "foo; bar=baz")
+
+        self.assertEqual(join_header_words([[]]), "")
+
+    def test_split_header_words(self):
+        tests = [
+            ("foo", [[("foo", None)]]),
+            ("foo=bar", [[("foo", "bar")]]),
+            ("   foo   ", [[("foo", None)]]),
+            ("   foo=   ", [[("foo", "")]]),
+            ("   foo=", [[("foo", "")]]),
+            ("   foo=   ; ", [[("foo", "")]]),
+            ("   foo=   ; bar= baz ", [[("foo", ""), ("bar", "baz")]]),
+            ("foo=bar bar=baz", [[("foo", "bar"), ("bar", "baz")]]),
+            # doesn't really matter if this next fails, but it works ATM
+            ("foo= bar=baz", [[("foo", "bar=baz")]]),
+            ("foo=bar;bar=baz", [[("foo", "bar"), ("bar", "baz")]]),
+            ('foo bar baz', [[("foo", None), ("bar", None), ("baz", None)]]),
+            ("a, b, c", [[("a", None)], [("b", None)], [("c", None)]]),
+            (r'foo; bar=baz, spam=, foo="\,\;\"", bar= ',
+             [[("foo", None), ("bar", "baz")],
+              [("spam", "")], [("foo", ',;"')], [("bar", "")]]),
+            ]
+
+        for arg, expect in tests:
+            try:
+                result = split_header_words([arg])
+            except:
+                import traceback, io
+                f = io.StringIO()
+                traceback.print_exc(None, f)
+                result = "(error -- traceback follows)\n\n%s" % f.getvalue()
+            self.assertEqual(result,  expect, """
+When parsing: '%s'
+Expected:     '%s'
+Got:          '%s'
+""" % (arg, expect, result))
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        tests = [
+            ("foo", "foo"),
+            ("foo=bar", "foo=bar"),
+            ("   foo   ", "foo"),
+            ("foo=", 'foo=""'),
+            ("foo=bar bar=baz", "foo=bar; bar=baz"),
+            ("foo=bar;bar=baz", "foo=bar; bar=baz"),
+            ('foo bar baz', "foo; bar; baz"),
+            (r'foo="\"" bar="\\"', r'foo="\""; bar="\\"'),
+            ('foo,,,bar', 'foo, bar'),
+            ('foo=bar,bar=baz', 'foo=bar, bar=baz'),
+
+            ('text/html; charset=iso-8859-1',
+             'text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"'),
+
+            ('foo="bar"; port="80,81"; discard, bar=baz',
+             'foo=bar; port="80,81"; discard, bar=baz'),
+
+            (r'Basic realm="\"foo\\\\bar\""',
+             r'Basic; realm="\"foo\\\\bar\""')
+            ]
+
+        for arg, expect in tests:
+            input = split_header_words([arg])
+            res = join_header_words(input)
+            self.assertEqual(res, expect, """
+When parsing: '%s'
+Expected:     '%s'
+Got:          '%s'
+Input was:    '%s'
+""" % (arg, expect, res, input))
+
+
+class FakeResponse(object):
+    def __init__(self, headers=[], url=None):
+        """
+        headers: list of RFC822-style 'Key: value' strings
+        """
+        import email
+        # The email.message_from_string is available on both Py2.7 and Py3.3
+        self._headers = email.message_from_string("\n".join(headers))
+        self._url = url
+    def info(self): return self._headers
+
+def interact_2965(cookiejar, url, *set_cookie_hdrs):
+    return _interact(cookiejar, url, set_cookie_hdrs, "Set-Cookie2")
+
+def interact_netscape(cookiejar, url, *set_cookie_hdrs):
+    return _interact(cookiejar, url, set_cookie_hdrs, "Set-Cookie")
+
+def _interact(cookiejar, url, set_cookie_hdrs, hdr_name):
+    """Perform a single request / response cycle, returning Cookie: header."""
+    req = urllib_request.Request(url)
+    cookiejar.add_cookie_header(req)
+    cookie_hdr = req.get_header("Cookie", "")
+    headers = []
+    for hdr in set_cookie_hdrs:
+        headers.append("%s: %s" % (hdr_name, hdr))
+    res = FakeResponse(headers, url)
+    cookiejar.extract_cookies(res, req)
+    return cookie_hdr
+
+
+class FileCookieJarTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    @skip26
+    def test_lwp_valueless_cookie(self):
+        # cookies with no value should be saved and loaded consistently
+        filename = test_support.TESTFN
+        c = LWPCookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'boo')
+        self.assertEqual(c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["boo"].value, None)
+        try:
+            c.save(filename, ignore_discard=True)
+            c = LWPCookieJar()
+            c.load(filename, ignore_discard=True)
+        finally:
+            try: os.unlink(filename)
+            except OSError: pass
+        self.assertEqual(c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["boo"].value, None)
+
+    def test_bad_magic(self):
+        # OSErrors (eg. file doesn't exist) are allowed to propagate
+        filename = test_support.TESTFN
+        for cookiejar_class in LWPCookieJar, MozillaCookieJar:
+            c = cookiejar_class()
+            try:
+                c.load(filename="for this test to work, a file with this "
+                                "filename should not exist")
+            # Py2.7 raises IOError, which is an alias of OSError only on Py3:
+            except (OSError, IOError) as exc:
+                # an OSError subclass (likely FileNotFoundError), but not
+                # LoadError
+                self.assertIsNot(exc.__class__, LoadError)
+            else:
+                self.fail("expected OSError for invalid filename")
+        # Invalid contents of cookies file (eg. bad magic string)
+        # causes a LoadError.
+        try:
+            with open(filename, "w") as f:
+                f.write("oops\n")
+                for cookiejar_class in LWPCookieJar, MozillaCookieJar:
+                    c = cookiejar_class()
+                    self.assertRaises(LoadError, c.load, filename)
+        finally:
+            try: os.unlink(filename)
+            except OSError: pass
+
+class CookieTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    # XXX
+    # Get rid of string comparisons where not actually testing str / repr.
+    # .clear() etc.
+    # IP addresses like 50 (single number, no dot) and domain-matching
+    #  functions (and is_HDN)?  See draft RFC 2965 errata.
+    # Strictness switches
+    # is_third_party()
+    # unverifiability / third-party blocking
+    # Netscape cookies work the same as RFC 2965 with regard to port.
+    # Set-Cookie with negative max age.
+    # If turn RFC 2965 handling off, Set-Cookie2 cookies should not clobber
+    #  Set-Cookie cookies.
+    # Cookie2 should be sent if *any* cookies are not V1 (ie. V0 OR V2 etc.).
+    # Cookies (V1 and V0) with no expiry date should be set to be discarded.
+    # RFC 2965 Quoting:
+    #  Should accept unquoted cookie-attribute values?  check errata draft.
+    #   Which are required on the way in and out?
+    #  Should always return quoted cookie-attribute values?
+    # Proper testing of when RFC 2965 clobbers Netscape (waiting for errata).
+    # Path-match on return (same for V0 and V1).
+    # RFC 2965 acceptance and returning rules
+    #  Set-Cookie2 without version attribute is rejected.
+
+    # Netscape peculiarities list from Ronald Tschalar.
+    # The first two still need tests, the rest are covered.
+## - Quoting: only quotes around the expires value are recognized as such
+##   (and yes, some folks quote the expires value); quotes around any other
+##   value are treated as part of the value.
+## - White space: white space around names and values is ignored
+## - Default path: if no path parameter is given, the path defaults to the
+##   path in the request-uri up to, but not including, the last '/'. Note
+##   that this is entirely different from what the spec says.
+## - Commas and other delimiters: Netscape just parses until the next ';'.
+##   This means it will allow commas etc inside values (and yes, both
+##   commas and equals are commonly appear in the cookie value). This also
+##   means that if you fold multiple Set-Cookie header fields into one,
+##   comma-separated list, it'll be a headache to parse (at least my head
+##   starts hurting every time I think of that code).
+## - Expires: You'll get all sorts of date formats in the expires,
+##   including emtpy expires attributes ("expires="). Be as flexible as you
+##   can, and certainly don't expect the weekday to be there; if you can't
+##   parse it, just ignore it and pretend it's a session cookie.
+## - Domain-matching: Netscape uses the 2-dot rule for _all_ domains, not
+##   just the 7 special TLD's listed in their spec. And folks rely on
+##   that...
+
+    def test_domain_return_ok(self):
+        # test optimization: .domain_return_ok() should filter out most
+        # domains in the CookieJar before we try to access them (because that
+        # may require disk access -- in particular, with MSIECookieJar)
+        # This is only a rough check for performance reasons, so it's not too
+        # critical as long as it's sufficiently liberal.
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy()
+        for url, domain, ok in [
+            ("http://foo.bar.com/", "blah.com", False),
+            ("http://foo.bar.com/", "rhubarb.blah.com", False),
+            ("http://foo.bar.com/", "rhubarb.foo.bar.com", False),
+            ("http://foo.bar.com/", ".foo.bar.com", True),
+            ("http://foo.bar.com/", "foo.bar.com", True),
+            ("http://foo.bar.com/", ".bar.com", True),
+            ("http://foo.bar.com/", "com", True),
+            ("http://foo.com/", "rhubarb.foo.com", False),
+            ("http://foo.com/", ".foo.com", True),
+            ("http://foo.com/", "foo.com", True),
+            ("http://foo.com/", "com", True),
+            ("http://foo/", "rhubarb.foo", False),
+            ("http://foo/", ".foo", True),
+            ("http://foo/", "foo", True),
+            ("http://foo/", "foo.local", True),
+            ("http://foo/", ".local", True),
+            ]:
+            request = urllib_request.Request(url)
+            r = pol.domain_return_ok(domain, request)
+            if ok: self.assertTrue(r)
+            else: self.assertFalse(r)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_missing_value(self):
+        # missing = sign in Cookie: header is regarded by Mozilla as a missing
+        # name, and by http.cookiejar as a missing value
+        filename = test_support.TESTFN
+        c = MozillaCookieJar(filename)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'eggs')
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", '"spam"; path=/foo/')
+        cookie = c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["eggs"]
+        self.assertIsNone(cookie.value)
+        self.assertEqual(cookie.name, "eggs")
+        cookie = c._cookies["www.acme.com"]['/foo/']['"spam"']
+        self.assertIsNone(cookie.value)
+        self.assertEqual(cookie.name, '"spam"')
+        self.assertEqual(lwp_cookie_str(cookie), (
+            r'"spam"; path="/foo/"; domain="www.acme.com"; '
+            'path_spec; discard; version=0'))
+        old_str = repr(c)
+        c.save(ignore_expires=True, ignore_discard=True)
+        try:
+            c = MozillaCookieJar(filename)
+            c.revert(ignore_expires=True, ignore_discard=True)
+        finally:
+            os.unlink(c.filename)
+        # cookies unchanged apart from lost info re. whether path was specified
+        self.assertEqual(
+            repr(c),
+            re.sub("path_specified=%s" % True, "path_specified=%s" % False,
+                   old_str)
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/foo/"),
+                         '"spam"; eggs')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_rfc2109_handling(self):
+        # RFC 2109 cookies are handled as RFC 2965 or Netscape cookies,
+        # dependent on policy settings
+        for rfc2109_as_netscape, rfc2965, version in [
+            # default according to rfc2965 if not explicitly specified
+            (None, False, 0),
+            (None, True, 1),
+            # explicit rfc2109_as_netscape
+            (False, False, None),  # version None here means no cookie stored
+            (False, True, 1),
+            (True, False, 0),
+            (True, True, 0),
+            ]:
+            policy = DefaultCookiePolicy(
+                rfc2109_as_netscape=rfc2109_as_netscape,
+                rfc2965=rfc2965)
+            c = CookieJar(policy)
+            interact_netscape(c, "http://www.example.com/", "ni=ni; Version=1")
+            try:
+                cookie = c._cookies["www.example.com"]["/"]["ni"]
+            except KeyError:
+                self.assertIsNone(version)  # didn't expect a stored cookie
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(cookie.version, version)
+                # 2965 cookies are unaffected
+                interact_2965(c, "http://www.example.com/",
+                              "foo=bar; Version=1")
+                if rfc2965:
+                    cookie2965 = c._cookies["www.example.com"]["/"]["foo"]
+                    self.assertEqual(cookie2965.version, 1)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_ns_parser(self):
+        c = CookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/",
+                          'spam=eggs; DoMain=.acme.com; port; blArgh="feep"')
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'ni=ni; port=80,8080')
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com:80/", 'nini=ni')
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com:80/", 'foo=bar; expires=')
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com:80/", 'spam=eggs; '
+                          'expires="Foo Bar 25 33:22:11 3022"')
+
+        cookie = c._cookies[".acme.com"]["/"]["spam"]
+        self.assertEqual(cookie.domain, ".acme.com")
+        self.assertTrue(cookie.domain_specified)
+        self.assertEqual(cookie.port, DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT)
+        self.assertFalse(cookie.port_specified)
+        # case is preserved
+        self.assertTrue(cookie.has_nonstandard_attr("blArgh"))
+        self.assertFalse(cookie.has_nonstandard_attr("blargh"))
+
+        cookie = c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["ni"]
+        self.assertEqual(cookie.domain, "www.acme.com")
+        self.assertFalse(cookie.domain_specified)
+        self.assertEqual(cookie.port, "80,8080")
+        self.assertTrue(cookie.port_specified)
+
+        cookie = c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["nini"]
+        self.assertIsNone(cookie.port)
+        self.assertFalse(cookie.port_specified)
+
+        # invalid expires should not cause cookie to be dropped
+        foo = c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["foo"]
+        spam = c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["foo"]
+        self.assertIsNone(foo.expires)
+        self.assertIsNone(spam.expires)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_ns_parser_special_names(self):
+        # names such as 'expires' are not special in first name=value pair
+        # of Set-Cookie: header
+        c = CookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'expires=eggs')
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'version=eggs; spam=eggs')
+
+        cookies = c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]
+        self.assertIn('expires', cookies)
+        self.assertIn('version', cookies)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_expires(self):
+        # if expires is in future, keep cookie...
+        c = CookieJar()
+        future = time2netscape(time.time()+3600)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'spam="bar"; expires=%s' %
+                          future)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        now = time2netscape(time.time()-1)
+        # ... and if in past or present, discard it
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'foo="eggs"; expires=%s' %
+                          now)
+        h = interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        self.assertIn('spam="bar"', h)
+        self.assertNotIn("foo", h)
+
+        # max-age takes precedence over expires, and zero max-age is request to
+        # delete both new cookie and any old matching cookie
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'eggs="bar"; expires=%s' %
+                          future)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'bar="bar"; expires=%s' %
+                          future)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'eggs="bar"; '
+                          'expires=%s; max-age=0' % future)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'bar="bar"; '
+                          'max-age=0; expires=%s' % future)
+        h = interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+
+        # test expiry at end of session for cookies with no expires attribute
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.rhubarb.net/", 'whum="fizz"')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+        c.clear_session_cookies()
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        self.assertIn('spam="bar"', h)
+
+        # XXX RFC 2965 expiry rules (some apply to V0 too)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_default_path(self):
+        # RFC 2965
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True)
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'spam="bar"; Version="1"')
+        self.assertIn("/", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/blah", 'eggs="bar"; Version="1"')
+        self.assertIn("/", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/blah/rhubarb",
+                      'eggs="bar"; Version="1"')
+        self.assertIn("/blah/", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/blah/rhubarb/",
+                      'eggs="bar"; Version="1"')
+        self.assertIn("/blah/rhubarb/", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+        # Netscape
+
+        c = CookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/", 'spam="bar"')
+        self.assertIn("/", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+        c = CookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/blah", 'eggs="bar"')
+        self.assertIn("/", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+        c = CookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/blah/rhubarb", 'eggs="bar"')
+        self.assertIn("/blah", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+        c = CookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.acme.com/blah/rhubarb/", 'eggs="bar"')
+        self.assertIn("/blah/rhubarb", c._cookies["www.acme.com"])
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_default_path_with_query(self):
+        cj = CookieJar()
+        uri = "http://example.com/?spam/eggs"
+        value = 'eggs="bar"'
+        interact_netscape(cj, uri, value)
+        # Default path does not include query, so is "/", not "/?spam".
+        self.assertIn("/", cj._cookies["example.com"])
+        # Cookie is sent back to the same URI.
+        self.assertEqual(interact_netscape(cj, uri), value)
+
+    def test_escape_path(self):
+        cases = [
+            # quoted safe
+            ("/foo%2f/bar", "/foo%2F/bar"),
+            ("/foo%2F/bar", "/foo%2F/bar"),
+            # quoted %
+            ("/foo%%/bar", "/foo%%/bar"),
+            # quoted unsafe
+            ("/fo%19o/bar", "/fo%19o/bar"),
+            ("/fo%7do/bar", "/fo%7Do/bar"),
+            # unquoted safe
+            ("/foo/bar&", "/foo/bar&"),
+            ("/foo//bar", "/foo//bar"),
+            ("\176/foo/bar", "\176/foo/bar"),
+            # unquoted unsafe
+            ("/foo\031/bar", "/foo%19/bar"),
+            ("/\175foo/bar", "/%7Dfoo/bar"),
+            # unicode, latin-1 range
+            ("/foo/bar\u00fc", "/foo/bar%C3%BC"),     # UTF-8 encoded
+            # unicode
+            ("/foo/bar\uabcd", "/foo/bar%EA%AF%8D"),  # UTF-8 encoded
+            ]
+        for arg, result in cases:
+            self.assertEqual(escape_path(arg), result)
+
+    def test_request_path(self):
+        # with parameters
+        req = urllib_request.Request(
+            "http://www.example.com/rheum/rhaponticum;"
+            "foo=bar;sing=song?apples=pears&spam=eggs#ni")
+        self.assertEqual(request_path(req),
+                         "/rheum/rhaponticum;foo=bar;sing=song")
+        # without parameters
+        req = urllib_request.Request(
+            "http://www.example.com/rheum/rhaponticum?"
+            "apples=pears&spam=eggs#ni")
+        self.assertEqual(request_path(req), "/rheum/rhaponticum")
+        # missing final slash
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.example.com")
+        self.assertEqual(request_path(req), "/")
+
+    def test_request_port(self):
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com:1234/",
+                                     headers={"Host": "www.acme.com:4321"})
+        self.assertEqual(request_port(req), "1234")
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/",
+                                     headers={"Host": "www.acme.com:4321"})
+        self.assertEqual(request_port(req), DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT)
+
+    def test_request_host(self):
+        # this request is illegal (RFC2616, 14.2.3)
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://1.1.1.1/",
+                                     headers={"Host": "www.acme.com:80"})
+        # libwww-perl wants this response, but that seems wrong (RFC 2616,
+        # section 5.2, point 1., and RFC 2965 section 1, paragraph 3)
+        #self.assertEqual(request_host(req), "www.acme.com")
+        self.assertEqual(request_host(req), "1.1.1.1")
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/",
+                                     headers={"Host": "irrelevant.com"})
+        self.assertEqual(request_host(req), "www.acme.com")
+        # port shouldn't be in request-host
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com:2345/resource.html",
+                                     headers={"Host": "www.acme.com:5432"})
+        self.assertEqual(request_host(req), "www.acme.com")
+
+    def test_is_HDN(self):
+        self.assertTrue(is_HDN("foo.bar.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(is_HDN("1foo2.3bar4.5com"))
+        self.assertFalse(is_HDN("192.168.1.1"))
+        self.assertFalse(is_HDN(""))
+        self.assertFalse(is_HDN("."))
+        self.assertFalse(is_HDN(".foo.bar.com"))
+        self.assertFalse(is_HDN("..foo"))
+        self.assertFalse(is_HDN("foo."))
+
+    def test_reach(self):
+        self.assertEqual(reach("www.acme.com"), ".acme.com")
+        self.assertEqual(reach("acme.com"), "acme.com")
+        self.assertEqual(reach("acme.local"), ".local")
+        self.assertEqual(reach(".local"), ".local")
+        self.assertEqual(reach(".com"), ".com")
+        self.assertEqual(reach("."), ".")
+        self.assertEqual(reach(""), "")
+        self.assertEqual(reach("192.168.0.1"), "192.168.0.1")
+
+    def test_domain_match(self):
+        self.assertTrue(domain_match("192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.1"))
+        self.assertFalse(domain_match("192.168.1.1", ".168.1.1"))
+        self.assertTrue(domain_match("x.y.com", "x.Y.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(domain_match("x.y.com", ".Y.com"))
+        self.assertFalse(domain_match("x.y.com", "Y.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(domain_match("a.b.c.com", ".c.com"))
+        self.assertFalse(domain_match(".c.com", "a.b.c.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(domain_match("example.local", ".local"))
+        self.assertFalse(domain_match("blah.blah", ""))
+        self.assertFalse(domain_match("", ".rhubarb.rhubarb"))
+        self.assertTrue(domain_match("", ""))
+
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("acme.com", "acme.com"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("acme.com", ".acme.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("rhubarb.acme.com", ".acme.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("www.rhubarb.acme.com", ".acme.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("x.y.com", "x.Y.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("x.y.com", ".Y.com"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("x.y.com", "Y.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("y.com", "Y.com"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match(".y.com", "Y.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match(".y.com", ".Y.com"))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("x.y.com", ".com"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("x.y.com", "com"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("x.y.com", "m"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("x.y.com", ".m"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("x.y.com", ""))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("x.y.com", "."))
+        self.assertTrue(user_domain_match("192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.1"))
+        # not both HDNs, so must string-compare equal to match
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("192.168.1.1", ".168.1.1"))
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("192.168.1.1", "."))
+        # empty string is a special case
+        self.assertFalse(user_domain_match("192.168.1.1", ""))
+
+    def test_wrong_domain(self):
+        # Cookies whose effective request-host name does not domain-match the
+        # domain are rejected.
+
+        # XXX far from complete
+        c = CookieJar()
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.nasty.com/",
+                      'foo=bar; domain=friendly.org; Version="1"')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 0)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_strict_domain(self):
+        # Cookies whose domain is a country-code tld like .co.uk should
+        # not be set if CookiePolicy.strict_domain is true.
+        cp = DefaultCookiePolicy(strict_domain=True)
+        cj = CookieJar(policy=cp)
+        interact_netscape(cj, "http://example.co.uk/", 'no=problemo')
+        interact_netscape(cj, "http://example.co.uk/",
+                          'okey=dokey; Domain=.example.co.uk')
+        self.assertEqual(len(cj), 2)
+        for pseudo_tld in [".co.uk", ".org.za", ".tx.us", ".name.us"]:
+            interact_netscape(cj, "http://example.%s/" % pseudo_tld,
+                              'spam=eggs; Domain=.co.uk')
+            self.assertEqual(len(cj), 2)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_two_component_domain_ns(self):
+        # Netscape: .www.bar.com, www.bar.com, .bar.com, bar.com, no domain
+        # should all get accepted, as should .acme.com, acme.com and no domain
+        # for 2-component domains like acme.com.
+        c = CookieJar()
+
+        # two-component V0 domain is OK
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://foo.net/", 'ns=bar')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(c._cookies["foo.net"]["/"]["ns"].value, "bar")
+        self.assertEqual(interact_netscape(c, "http://foo.net/"), "ns=bar")
+        # *will* be returned to any other domain (unlike RFC 2965)...
+        self.assertEqual(interact_netscape(c, "http://www.foo.net/"),
+                         "ns=bar")
+        # ...unless requested otherwise
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(
+            strict_ns_domain=DefaultCookiePolicy.DomainStrictNonDomain)
+        c.set_policy(pol)
+        self.assertEqual(interact_netscape(c, "http://www.foo.net/"), "")
+
+        # unlike RFC 2965, even explicit two-component domain is OK,
+        # because .foo.net matches foo.net
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://foo.net/foo/",
+                          'spam1=eggs; domain=foo.net')
+        # even if starts with a dot -- in NS rules, .foo.net matches foo.net!
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://foo.net/foo/bar/",
+                          'spam2=eggs; domain=.foo.net')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(c._cookies[".foo.net"]["/foo"]["spam1"].value,
+                         "eggs")
+        self.assertEqual(c._cookies[".foo.net"]["/foo/bar"]["spam2"].value,
+                         "eggs")
+        self.assertEqual(interact_netscape(c, "http://foo.net/foo/bar/"),
+                         "spam2=eggs; spam1=eggs; ns=bar")
+
+        # top-level domain is too general
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://foo.net/", 'nini="ni"; domain=.net')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+
+##         # Netscape protocol doesn't allow non-special top level domains (such
+##         # as co.uk) in the domain attribute unless there are at least three
+##         # dots in it.
+        # Oh yes it does!  Real implementations don't check this, and real
+        # cookies (of course) rely on that behaviour.
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://foo.co.uk", 'nasty=trick; domain=.co.uk')
+##         self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 4)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_two_component_domain_rfc2965(self):
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True)
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+
+        # two-component V1 domain is OK
+        interact_2965(c, "http://foo.net/", 'foo=bar; Version="1"')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(c._cookies["foo.net"]["/"]["foo"].value, "bar")
+        self.assertEqual(interact_2965(c, "http://foo.net/"),
+                         "$Version=1; foo=bar")
+        # won't be returned to any other domain (because domain was implied)
+        self.assertEqual(interact_2965(c, "http://www.foo.net/"), "")
+
+        # unless domain is given explicitly, because then it must be
+        # rewritten to start with a dot: foo.net --> .foo.net, which does
+        # not domain-match foo.net
+        interact_2965(c, "http://foo.net/foo",
+                      'spam=eggs; domain=foo.net; path=/foo; Version="1"')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(interact_2965(c, "http://foo.net/foo"),
+                         "$Version=1; foo=bar")
+
+        # explicit foo.net from three-component domain www.foo.net *does* get
+        # set, because .foo.net domain-matches .foo.net
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.foo.net/foo/",
+                      'spam=eggs; domain=foo.net; Version="1"')
+        self.assertEqual(c._cookies[".foo.net"]["/foo/"]["spam"].value,
+                         "eggs")
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(interact_2965(c, "http://foo.net/foo/"),
+                         "$Version=1; foo=bar")
+        self.assertEqual(interact_2965(c, "http://www.foo.net/foo/"),
+                         '$Version=1; spam=eggs; $Domain="foo.net"')
+
+        # top-level domain is too general
+        interact_2965(c, "http://foo.net/",
+                      'ni="ni"; domain=".net"; Version="1"')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+
+        # RFC 2965 doesn't require blocking this
+        interact_2965(c, "http://foo.co.uk/",
+                      'nasty=trick; domain=.co.uk; Version="1"')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_domain_allow(self):
+        c = CookieJar(policy=DefaultCookiePolicy(
+            blocked_domains=["acme.com"],
+            allowed_domains=["www.acme.com"]))
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://acme.com/")
+        headers = ["Set-Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; path=/"]
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://acme.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 0)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.coyote.com/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.coyote.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+
+        # set a cookie with non-allowed domain...
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.coyote.com/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.coyote.com/")
+        cookies = c.make_cookies(res, req)
+        c.set_cookie(cookies[0])
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+        # ... and check is doesn't get returned
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+        self.assertFalse(req.has_header("Cookie"))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_domain_block(self):
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(
+            rfc2965=True, blocked_domains=[".acme.com"])
+        c = CookieJar(policy=pol)
+        headers = ["Set-Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; path=/"]
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 0)
+
+        p = pol.set_blocked_domains(["acme.com"])
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+
+        c.clear()
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.roadrunner.net/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.roadrunner.net/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.roadrunner.net/")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+        self.assertTrue(req.has_header("Cookie"))
+        self.assertTrue(req.has_header("Cookie2"))
+
+        c.clear()
+        pol.set_blocked_domains([".acme.com"])
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+
+        # set a cookie with blocked domain...
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        cookies = c.make_cookies(res, req)
+        c.set_cookie(cookies[0])
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+        # ... and check is doesn't get returned
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+        self.assertFalse(req.has_header("Cookie"))
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_secure(self):
+        for ns in True, False:
+            for whitespace in " ", "":
+                c = CookieJar()
+                if ns:
+                    pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=False)
+                    int = interact_netscape
+                    vs = ""
+                else:
+                    pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True)
+                    int = interact_2965
+                    vs = "; Version=1"
+                c.set_policy(pol)
+                url = "http://www.acme.com/"
+                int(c, url, "foo1=bar%s%s" % (vs, whitespace))
+                int(c, url, "foo2=bar%s; secure%s" %  (vs, whitespace))
+                self.assertFalse(
+                    c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["foo1"].secure,
+                    "non-secure cookie registered secure")
+                self.assertTrue(
+                    c._cookies["www.acme.com"]["/"]["foo2"].secure,
+                    "secure cookie registered non-secure")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_quote_cookie_value(self):
+        c = CookieJar(policy=DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/", r'foo=\b"a"r; Version=1')
+        h = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        self.assertEqual(h, r'$Version=1; foo=\\b\"a\"r')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_missing_final_slash(self):
+        # Missing slash from request URL's abs_path should be assumed present.
+        url = "http://www.acme.com"
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+        interact_2965(c, url, "foo=bar; Version=1")
+        req = urllib_request.Request(url)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+        self.assertTrue(req.has_header("Cookie"))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_domain_mirror(self):
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True)
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, "spam=eggs; Version=1")
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertNotIn("Domain", h,
+                     "absent domain returned with domain present")
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, 'spam=eggs; Version=1; Domain=.bar.com')
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertIn('$Domain=".bar.com"', h, "domain not returned")
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        # note missing initial dot in Domain
+        interact_2965(c, url, 'spam=eggs; Version=1; Domain=bar.com')
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertIn('$Domain="bar.com"', h, "domain not returned")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_path_mirror(self):
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True)
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, "spam=eggs; Version=1")
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertNotIn("Path", h, "absent path returned with path present")
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, 'spam=eggs; Version=1; Path=/')
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertIn('$Path="/"', h, "path not returned")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_port_mirror(self):
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True)
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, "spam=eggs; Version=1")
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertNotIn("Port", h, "absent port returned with port present")
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, "spam=eggs; Version=1; Port")
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertRegex(h, "\$Port([^=]|$)",
+                         "port with no value not returned with no value")
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, 'spam=eggs; Version=1; Port="80"')
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertIn('$Port="80"', h,
+                      "port with single value not returned with single value")
+
+        c = CookieJar(pol)
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, 'spam=eggs; Version=1; Port="80,8080"')
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertIn('$Port="80,8080"', h,
+                      "port with multiple values not returned with multiple "
+                      "values")
+
+    def test_no_return_comment(self):
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+        url = "http://foo.bar.com/"
+        interact_2965(c, url, 'spam=eggs; Version=1; '
+                      'Comment="does anybody read these?"; '
+                      'CommentURL="http://foo.bar.net/comment.html"')
+        h = interact_2965(c, url)
+        self.assertNotIn("Comment", h,
+            "Comment or CommentURL cookie-attributes returned to server")
+
+    def test_Cookie_iterator(self):
+        cs = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+        # add some random cookies
+        interact_2965(cs, "http://blah.spam.org/", 'foo=eggs; Version=1; '
+                      'Comment="does anybody read these?"; '
+                      'CommentURL="http://foo.bar.net/comment.html"')
+        interact_netscape(cs, "http://www.acme.com/blah/", "spam=bar; secure")
+        interact_2965(cs, "http://www.acme.com/blah/",
+                      "foo=bar; secure; Version=1")
+        interact_2965(cs, "http://www.acme.com/blah/",
+                      "foo=bar; path=/; Version=1")
+        interact_2965(cs, "http://www.sol.no",
+                      r'bang=wallop; version=1; domain=".sol.no"; '
+                      r'port="90,100, 80,8080"; '
+                      r'max-age=100; Comment = "Just kidding! (\"|\\\\) "')
+
+        versions = [1, 1, 1, 0, 1]
+        names = ["bang", "foo", "foo", "spam", "foo"]
+        domains = [".sol.no", "blah.spam.org", "www.acme.com",
+                   "www.acme.com", "www.acme.com"]
+        paths = ["/", "/", "/", "/blah", "/blah/"]
+
+        for i in range(4):
+            i = 0
+            for c in cs:
+                self.assertIsInstance(c, Cookie)
+                self.assertEqual(c.version, versions[i])
+                self.assertEqual(c.name, names[i])
+                self.assertEqual(c.domain, domains[i])
+                self.assertEqual(c.path, paths[i])
+                i = i + 1
+
+    def test_parse_ns_headers(self):
+        # missing domain value (invalid cookie)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            parse_ns_headers(["foo=bar; path=/; domain"]),
+            [[("foo", "bar"),
+              ("path", "/"), ("domain", None), ("version", "0")]]
+            )
+        # invalid expires value
+        self.assertEqual(
+            parse_ns_headers(["foo=bar; expires=Foo Bar 12 33:22:11 2000"]),
+            [[("foo", "bar"), ("expires", None), ("version", "0")]]
+            )
+        # missing cookie value (valid cookie)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            parse_ns_headers(["foo"]),
+            [[("foo", None), ("version", "0")]]
+            )
+        # shouldn't add version if header is empty
+        self.assertEqual(parse_ns_headers([""]), [])
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_bad_cookie_header(self):
+
+        def cookiejar_from_cookie_headers(headers):
+            c = CookieJar()
+            req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.example.com/")
+            r = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.example.com/")
+            c.extract_cookies(r, req)
+            return c
+
+        # none of these bad headers should cause an exception to be raised
+        for headers in [
+            ["Set-Cookie: "],  # actually, nothing wrong with this
+            ["Set-Cookie2: "],  # ditto
+            # missing domain value
+            ["Set-Cookie2: a=foo; path=/; Version=1; domain"],
+            # bad max-age
+            ["Set-Cookie: b=foo; max-age=oops"],
+            # bad version
+            ["Set-Cookie: b=foo; version=spam"],
+            ]:
+            c = cookiejar_from_cookie_headers(headers)
+            # these bad cookies shouldn't be set
+            self.assertEqual(len(c), 0)
+
+        # cookie with invalid expires is treated as session cookie
+        headers = ["Set-Cookie: c=foo; expires=Foo Bar 12 33:22:11 2000"]
+        c = cookiejar_from_cookie_headers(headers)
+        cookie = c._cookies["www.example.com"]["/"]["c"]
+        self.assertIsNone(cookie.expires)
+
+
+class LWPCookieTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Tests taken from libwww-perl, with a few modifications and additions.
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_netscape_example_1(self):
+        #-------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # First we check that it works for the original example at
+        # http://www.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html
+
+        # Client requests a document, and receives in the response:
+        #
+        #       Set-Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; path=/; expires=Wednesday, 09-Nov-99 23:12:40 GMT
+        #
+        # When client requests a URL in path "/" on this server, it sends:
+        #
+        #       Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE
+        #
+        # Client requests a document, and receives in the response:
+        #
+        #       Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001; path=/
+        #
+        # When client requests a URL in path "/" on this server, it sends:
+        #
+        #       Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001
+        #
+        # Client receives:
+        #
+        #       Set-Cookie: SHIPPING=FEDEX; path=/fo
+        #
+        # When client requests a URL in path "/" on this server, it sends:
+        #
+        #       Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001
+        #
+        # When client requests a URL in path "/foo" on this server, it sends:
+        #
+        #       Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001; SHIPPING=FEDEX
+        #
+        # The last Cookie is buggy, because both specifications say that the
+        # most specific cookie must be sent first.  SHIPPING=FEDEX is the
+        # most specific and should thus be first.
+
+        year_plus_one = time.localtime()[0] + 1
+
+        headers = []
+
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965 = True))
+
+        #req = urllib_request.Request("http://1.1.1.1/",
+        #              headers={"Host": "www.acme.com:80"})
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com:80/",
+                      headers={"Host": "www.acme.com:80"})
+
+        headers.append(
+            "Set-Cookie: CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE; path=/ ; "
+            "expires=Wednesday, 09-Nov-%d 23:12:40 GMT" % year_plus_one)
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Cookie"), "CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE")
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Cookie2"), '$Version="1"')
+
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001; path=/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/foo/bar")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        h = req.get_header("Cookie")
+        self.assertIn("PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001", h)
+        self.assertIn("CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE", h)
+
+        headers.append('Set-Cookie: SHIPPING=FEDEX; path=/foo')
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        h = req.get_header("Cookie")
+        self.assertIn("PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001", h)
+        self.assertIn("CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE", h)
+        self.assertNotIn("SHIPPING=FEDEX", h)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/foo/")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        h = req.get_header("Cookie")
+        self.assertIn("PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001", h)
+        self.assertIn("CUSTOMER=WILE_E_COYOTE", h)
+        self.assertTrue(h.startswith("SHIPPING=FEDEX;"))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_netscape_example_2(self):
+        # Second Example transaction sequence:
+        #
+        # Assume all mappings from above have been cleared.
+        #
+        # Client receives:
+        #
+        #       Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001; path=/
+        #
+        # When client requests a URL in path "/" on this server, it sends:
+        #
+        #       Cookie: PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001
+        #
+        # Client receives:
+        #
+        #       Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=RIDING_ROCKET_0023; path=/ammo
+        #
+        # When client requests a URL in path "/ammo" on this server, it sends:
+        #
+        #       Cookie: PART_NUMBER=RIDING_ROCKET_0023; PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001
+        #
+        #       NOTE: There are two name/value pairs named "PART_NUMBER" due to
+        #       the inheritance of the "/" mapping in addition to the "/ammo" mapping.
+
+        c = CookieJar()
+        headers = []
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/")
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001; path=/")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/")
+
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Cookie"),
+                         "PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001")
+
+        headers.append(
+            "Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=RIDING_ROCKET_0023; path=/ammo")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.acme.com/ammo")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        self.assertRegex(req.get_header("Cookie"),
+                         r"PART_NUMBER=RIDING_ROCKET_0023;\s*"
+                          "PART_NUMBER=ROCKET_LAUNCHER_0001")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_ietf_example_1(self):
+        #-------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Then we test with the examples from draft-ietf-http-state-man-mec-03.txt
+        #
+        # 5.  EXAMPLES
+
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+
+        #
+        # 5.1  Example 1
+        #
+        # Most detail of request and response headers has been omitted.  Assume
+        # the user agent has no stored cookies.
+        #
+        #   1.  User Agent -> Server
+        #
+        #       POST /acme/login HTTP/1.1
+        #       [form data]
+        #
+        #       User identifies self via a form.
+        #
+        #   2.  Server -> User Agent
+        #
+        #       HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+        #       Set-Cookie2: Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"
+        #
+        #       Cookie reflects user's identity.
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(
+            c, 'http://www.acme.com/acme/login',
+            'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"')
+        self.assertFalse(cookie)
+
+        #
+        #   3.  User Agent -> Server
+        #
+        #       POST /acme/pickitem HTTP/1.1
+        #       Cookie: $Version="1"; Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Path="/acme"
+        #       [form data]
+        #
+        #       User selects an item for ``shopping basket.''
+        #
+        #   4.  Server -> User Agent
+        #
+        #       HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+        #       Set-Cookie2: Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; Version="1";
+        #               Path="/acme"
+        #
+        #       Shopping basket contains an item.
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, 'http://www.acme.com/acme/pickitem',
+                               'Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; '
+                               'Version="1"; Path="/acme"');
+        self.assertRegex(cookie,
+            r'^\$Version="?1"?; Customer="?WILE_E_COYOTE"?; \$Path="/acme"$')
+
+        #
+        #   5.  User Agent -> Server
+        #
+        #       POST /acme/shipping HTTP/1.1
+        #       Cookie: $Version="1";
+        #               Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Path="/acme";
+        #               Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; $Path="/acme"
+        #       [form data]
+        #
+        #       User selects shipping method from form.
+        #
+        #   6.  Server -> User Agent
+        #
+        #       HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+        #       Set-Cookie2: Shipping="FedEx"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"
+        #
+        #       New cookie reflects shipping method.
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/acme/shipping",
+                               'Shipping="FedEx"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"')
+
+        self.assertRegex(cookie, r'^\$Version="?1"?;')
+        self.assertRegex(cookie, r'Part_Number="?Rocket_Launcher_0001"?;'
+                                  '\s*\$Path="\/acme"')
+        self.assertRegex(cookie, r'Customer="?WILE_E_COYOTE"?;'
+                                  '\s*\$Path="\/acme"')
+
+        #
+        #   7.  User Agent -> Server
+        #
+        #       POST /acme/process HTTP/1.1
+        #       Cookie: $Version="1";
+        #               Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Path="/acme";
+        #               Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; $Path="/acme";
+        #               Shipping="FedEx"; $Path="/acme"
+        #       [form data]
+        #
+        #       User chooses to process order.
+        #
+        #   8.  Server -> User Agent
+        #
+        #       HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+        #
+        #       Transaction is complete.
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/acme/process")
+        self.assertRegex(cookie, r'Shipping="?FedEx"?;\s*\$Path="\/acme"')
+        self.assertIn("WILE_E_COYOTE", cookie)
+
+        #
+        # The user agent makes a series of requests on the origin server, after
+        # each of which it receives a new cookie.  All the cookies have the same
+        # Path attribute and (default) domain.  Because the request URLs all have
+        # /acme as a prefix, and that matches the Path attribute, each request
+        # contains all the cookies received so far.
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_ietf_example_2(self):
+        # 5.2  Example 2
+        #
+        # This example illustrates the effect of the Path attribute.  All detail
+        # of request and response headers has been omitted.  Assume the user agent
+        # has no stored cookies.
+
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+
+        # Imagine the user agent has received, in response to earlier requests,
+        # the response headers
+        #
+        # Set-Cookie2: Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; Version="1";
+        #         Path="/acme"
+        #
+        # and
+        #
+        # Set-Cookie2: Part_Number="Riding_Rocket_0023"; Version="1";
+        #         Path="/acme/ammo"
+
+        interact_2965(
+            c, "http://www.acme.com/acme/ammo/specific",
+            'Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"',
+            'Part_Number="Riding_Rocket_0023"; Version="1"; Path="/acme/ammo"')
+
+        # A subsequent request by the user agent to the (same) server for URLs of
+        # the form /acme/ammo/...  would include the following request header:
+        #
+        # Cookie: $Version="1";
+        #         Part_Number="Riding_Rocket_0023"; $Path="/acme/ammo";
+        #         Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; $Path="/acme"
+        #
+        # Note that the NAME=VALUE pair for the cookie with the more specific Path
+        # attribute, /acme/ammo, comes before the one with the less specific Path
+        # attribute, /acme.  Further note that the same cookie name appears more
+        # than once.
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/acme/ammo/...")
+        self.assertRegex(cookie, r"Riding_Rocket_0023.*Rocket_Launcher_0001")
+
+        # A subsequent request by the user agent to the (same) server for a URL of
+        # the form /acme/parts/ would include the following request header:
+        #
+        # Cookie: $Version="1"; Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; $Path="/acme"
+        #
+        # Here, the second cookie's Path attribute /acme/ammo is not a prefix of
+        # the request URL, /acme/parts/, so the cookie does not get forwarded to
+        # the server.
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/acme/parts/")
+        self.assertIn("Rocket_Launcher_0001", cookie)
+        self.assertNotIn("Riding_Rocket_0023", cookie)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_rejection(self):
+        # Test rejection of Set-Cookie2 responses based on domain, path, port.
+        pol = DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True)
+
+        c = LWPCookieJar(policy=pol)
+
+        max_age = "max-age=3600"
+
+        # illegal domain (no embedded dots)
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com",
+                               'foo=bar; domain=".com"; version=1')
+        self.assertFalse(c)
+
+        # legal domain
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com",
+                               'ping=pong; domain="acme.com"; version=1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+
+        # illegal domain (host prefix "www.a" contains a dot)
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.a.acme.com",
+                               'whiz=bang; domain="acme.com"; version=1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 1)
+
+        # legal domain
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.a.acme.com",
+                               'wow=flutter; domain=".a.acme.com"; version=1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+
+        # can't partially match an IP-address
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://125.125.125.125",
+                               'zzzz=ping; domain="125.125.125"; version=1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+
+        # illegal path (must be prefix of request path)
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.sol.no",
+                               'blah=rhubarb; domain=".sol.no"; path="/foo"; '
+                               'version=1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+
+        # legal path
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.sol.no/foo/bar",
+                               'bing=bong; domain=".sol.no"; path="/foo"; '
+                               'version=1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+
+        # illegal port (request-port not in list)
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.sol.no",
+                               'whiz=ffft; domain=".sol.no"; port="90,100"; '
+                               'version=1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+
+        # legal port
+        cookie = interact_2965(
+            c, "http://www.sol.no",
+            r'bang=wallop; version=1; domain=".sol.no"; '
+            r'port="90,100, 80,8080"; '
+            r'max-age=100; Comment = "Just kidding! (\"|\\\\) "')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 4)
+
+        # port attribute without any value (current port)
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.sol.no",
+                               'foo9=bar; version=1; domain=".sol.no"; port; '
+                               'max-age=100;')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 5)
+
+        # encoded path
+        # LWP has this test, but unescaping allowed path characters seems
+        # like a bad idea, so I think this should fail:
+##         cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.sol.no/foo/",
+##                           r'foo8=bar; version=1; path="/%66oo"')
+        # but this is OK, because '<' is not an allowed HTTP URL path
+        # character:
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.sol.no/<oo/",
+                               r'foo8=bar; version=1; path="/%3coo"')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 6)
+
+        # save and restore
+        filename = test_support.TESTFN
+
+        try:
+            c.save(filename, ignore_discard=True)
+            old = repr(c)
+
+            c = LWPCookieJar(policy=pol)
+            c.load(filename, ignore_discard=True)
+        finally:
+            try: os.unlink(filename)
+            except OSError: pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(old, repr(c))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_url_encoding(self):
+        # Try some URL encodings of the PATHs.
+        # (the behaviour here has changed from libwww-perl)
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/foo%2f%25/"
+                         "%3c%3c%0Anew%C3%A5/%C3%A5",
+                      "foo  =   bar; version    =   1")
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(
+            c, "http://www.acme.com/foo%2f%25/<<%0anew\345/\346\370\345",
+            'bar=baz; path="/foo/"; version=1');
+        version_re = re.compile(r'^\$version=\"?1\"?', re.I)
+        self.assertIn("foo=bar", cookie)
+        self.assertRegex(cookie, version_re)
+
+        cookie = interact_2965(
+            c, "http://www.acme.com/foo/%25/<<%0anew\345/\346\370\345")
+        self.assertFalse(cookie)
+
+        # unicode URL doesn't raise exception
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/\xfc")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_mozilla(self):
+        # Save / load Mozilla/Netscape cookie file format.
+        year_plus_one = time.localtime()[0] + 1
+
+        filename = test_support.TESTFN
+
+        c = MozillaCookieJar(filename,
+                             policy=DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/",
+                      "foo1=bar; max-age=100; Version=1")
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/",
+                      'foo2=bar; port="80"; max-age=100; Discard; Version=1')
+        interact_2965(c, "http://www.acme.com/", "foo3=bar; secure; Version=1")
+
+        expires = "expires=09-Nov-%d 23:12:40 GMT" % (year_plus_one,)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.foo.com/",
+                          "fooa=bar; %s" % expires)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.foo.com/",
+                          "foob=bar; Domain=.foo.com; %s" % expires)
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://www.foo.com/",
+                          "fooc=bar; Domain=www.foo.com; %s" % expires)
+
+        def save_and_restore(cj, ignore_discard):
+            try:
+                cj.save(ignore_discard=ignore_discard)
+                new_c = MozillaCookieJar(filename,
+                                         DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+                new_c.load(ignore_discard=ignore_discard)
+            finally:
+                try: os.unlink(filename)
+                except OSError: pass
+            return new_c
+
+        new_c = save_and_restore(c, True)
+        self.assertEqual(len(new_c), 6)  # none discarded
+        self.assertIn("name='foo1', value='bar'", repr(new_c))
+
+        new_c = save_and_restore(c, False)
+        self.assertEqual(len(new_c), 4)  # 2 of them discarded on save
+        self.assertIn("name='foo1', value='bar'", repr(new_c))
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_netscape_misc(self):
+        # Some additional Netscape cookies tests.
+        c = CookieJar()
+        headers = []
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://foo.bar.acme.com/foo")
+
+        # Netscape allows a host part that contains dots
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: Customer=WILE_E_COYOTE; domain=.acme.com")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/foo")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        # and that the domain is the same as the host without adding a leading
+        # dot to the domain.  Should not quote even if strange chars are used
+        # in the cookie value.
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: PART_NUMBER=3,4; domain=foo.bar.acme.com")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.acme.com/foo")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://foo.bar.acme.com/foo")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+        self.assertIn("PART_NUMBER=3,4", req.get_header("Cookie"))
+        self.assertIn("Customer=WILE_E_COYOTE",req.get_header("Cookie"))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_intranet_domains_2965(self):
+        # Test handling of local intranet hostnames without a dot.
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965=True))
+        interact_2965(c, "http://example/",
+                      "foo1=bar; PORT; Discard; Version=1;")
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://example/",
+                               'foo2=bar; domain=".local"; Version=1')
+        self.assertIn("foo1=bar", cookie)
+
+        interact_2965(c, "http://example/", 'foo3=bar; Version=1')
+        cookie = interact_2965(c, "http://example/")
+        self.assertIn("foo2=bar", cookie)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 3)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_intranet_domains_ns(self):
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965 = False))
+        interact_netscape(c, "http://example/", "foo1=bar")
+        cookie = interact_netscape(c, "http://example/",
+                                   'foo2=bar; domain=.local')
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+        self.assertIn("foo1=bar", cookie)
+
+        cookie = interact_netscape(c, "http://example/")
+        self.assertIn("foo2=bar", cookie)
+        self.assertEqual(len(c), 2)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_empty_path(self):
+        # Test for empty path
+        # Broken web-server ORION/1.3.38 returns to the client response like
+        #
+        #       Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=ABCDERANDOM123; Path=
+        #
+        # ie. with Path set to nothing.
+        # In this case, extract_cookies() must set cookie to / (root)
+        c = CookieJar(DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965 = True))
+        headers = []
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.ants.com/")
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=ABCDERANDOM123; Path=")
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, "http://www.ants.com/")
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.ants.com/")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Cookie"),
+                         "JSESSIONID=ABCDERANDOM123")
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Cookie2"), '$Version="1"')
+
+        # missing path in the request URI
+        req = urllib_request.Request("http://www.ants.com:8080")
+        c.add_cookie_header(req)
+
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Cookie"),
+                         "JSESSIONID=ABCDERANDOM123")
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Cookie2"), '$Version="1"')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_session_cookies(self):
+        year_plus_one = time.localtime()[0] + 1
+
+        # Check session cookies are deleted properly by
+        # CookieJar.clear_session_cookies method
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request('http://www.perlmeister.com/scripts')
+        headers = []
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: s1=session;Path=/scripts")
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: p1=perm; Domain=.perlmeister.com;"
+                       "Path=/;expires=Fri, 02-Feb-%d 23:24:20 GMT" %
+                       year_plus_one)
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: p2=perm;Path=/;expires=Fri, "
+                       "02-Feb-%d 23:24:20 GMT" % year_plus_one)
+        headers.append("Set-Cookie: s2=session;Path=/scripts;"
+                       "Domain=.perlmeister.com")
+        headers.append('Set-Cookie2: s3=session;Version=1;Discard;Path="/"')
+        res = FakeResponse(headers, 'http://www.perlmeister.com/scripts')
+
+        c = CookieJar()
+        c.extract_cookies(res, req)
+        # How many session/permanent cookies do we have?
+        counter = {"session_after": 0,
+                   "perm_after": 0,
+                   "session_before": 0,
+                   "perm_before": 0}
+        for cookie in c:
+            key = "%s_before" % cookie.value
+            counter[key] = counter[key] + 1
+        c.clear_session_cookies()
+        # How many now?
+        for cookie in c:
+            key = "%s_after" % cookie.value
+            counter[key] = counter[key] + 1
+
+            # a permanent cookie got lost accidently
+        self.assertEqual(counter["perm_after"], counter["perm_before"])
+            # a session cookie hasn't been cleared
+        self.assertEqual(counter["session_after"], 0)
+            # we didn't have session cookies in the first place
+        self.assertNotEqual(counter["session_before"], 0)
+
+
+def test_main(verbose=None):
+    test_support.run_unittest(
+        DateTimeTests,
+        HeaderTests,
+        CookieTests,
+        FileCookieJarTests,
+        LWPCookieTests,
+        )
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main(verbose=True)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_httplib.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_httplib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1e2b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_httplib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+"""
+Tests for the http.client module
+
+Adapted for the python-future module from the Python 2.7 standard
+library tests.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import *
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26
+
+from future.backports.http import client
+from future.backports.test import support
+import array
+import io
+import socket
+import errno
+import sys
+
+TestCase = unittest.TestCase
+HOST = support.HOST
+
+
+class FakeSocket(object):
+    def __init__(self, text, fileclass=io.BytesIO):
+        if isinstance(text, str):
+            text = str(text).encode('ascii')
+        self.text = text
+        self.fileclass = fileclass
+        self.data = bytes(b'')
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        # self.data += bytes(data)
+        olddata = self.data
+        assert isinstance(olddata, bytes)
+        if utils.PY3:
+            self.data += data
+        else:
+            if isinstance(data, type(u'')):     # i.e. unicode
+                newdata = data.encode('ascii')
+            elif isinstance(data, type(b'')):   # native string type. FIXME!
+                newdata = bytes(data)
+            elif isinstance(data, bytes):
+                newdata = data
+            elif isinstance(data, array.array):
+                newdata = data.tostring()
+            else:
+                newdata = bytes(b'').join(chr(d) for d in bytes(data))
+            self.data += newdata
+
+    def makefile(self, mode, bufsize=None):
+        if mode != 'r' and mode != 'rb':
+            raise client.UnimplementedFileMode()
+        return self.fileclass(self.text)
+
+class EPipeSocket(FakeSocket):
+
+    def __init__(self, text, pipe_trigger):
+        # When sendall() is called with pipe_trigger, raise EPIPE.
+        FakeSocket.__init__(self, text)
+        self.pipe_trigger = pipe_trigger
+
+    def sendall(self, data):
+        if self.pipe_trigger in data:
+            raise socket.error(errno.EPIPE, "gotcha")
+        self.data += data
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+class NoEOFBytesIO(io.BytesIO):
+    """Like BytesIO, but raises AssertionError on EOF.
+
+    This is used below to test that http.client doesn't try to read
+    more from the underlying file than it should.
+    """
+    def read(self, n=-1):
+        data = io.BytesIO.read(self, n)
+        if data == b'':
+            raise AssertionError('caller tried to read past EOF')
+        return data
+
+    def readline(self, length=None):
+        data = io.BytesIO.readline(self, length)
+        if data == b'':
+            raise AssertionError('caller tried to read past EOF')
+        return data
+
+
+@skip26
+class HeaderTests(TestCase):
+    def test_auto_headers(self):
+        # Some headers are added automatically, but should not be added by
+        # .request() if they are explicitly set.
+
+        class HeaderCountingBuffer(list):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.count = {}
+            def append(self, item):
+                kv = item.split(b':')
+                if len(kv) > 1:
+                    # item is a 'Key: Value' header string
+                    lcKey = kv[0].decode('ascii').lower()
+                    self.count.setdefault(lcKey, 0)
+                    self.count[lcKey] += 1
+                list.append(self, item)
+
+        for explicit_header in True, False:
+            for header in 'Content-length', 'Host', 'Accept-encoding':
+                conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+                conn.sock = FakeSocket('blahblahblah')
+                conn._buffer = HeaderCountingBuffer()
+
+                body = 'spamspamspam'
+                headers = {}
+                if explicit_header:
+                    headers[header] = str(len(body))
+                conn.request('POST', '/', body, headers)
+                self.assertEqual(conn._buffer.count[header.lower()], 1)
+
+    def test_content_length_0(self):
+
+        class ContentLengthChecker(list):
+            def __init__(self):
+                list.__init__(self)
+                self.content_length = None
+            def append(self, item):
+                kv = item.split(b':', 1)
+                if len(kv) > 1 and kv[0].lower() == b'content-length':
+                    self.content_length = kv[1].strip()
+                list.append(self, item)
+
+        # POST with empty body
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+        conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
+        conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
+        conn.request('POST', '/', '')
+        self.assertEqual(conn._buffer.content_length, b'0',
+                        'Header Content-Length not set')
+
+        # PUT request with empty body
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+        conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
+        conn._buffer = ContentLengthChecker()
+        conn.request('PUT', '/', '')
+        self.assertEqual(conn._buffer.content_length, b'0',
+                        'Header Content-Length not set')
+
+    def test_putheader(self):
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+        conn.sock = FakeSocket(None)
+        conn.putrequest('GET','/')
+        conn.putheader('Content-length', 42)
+        self.assertTrue(b'Content-length: 42' in conn._buffer)
+
+    def test_ipv6host_header(self):
+        # Default host header on IPv6 transaction should wrapped by [] if
+        # its actual IPv6 address
+        expected = bytes(b'GET /foo HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: [2001::]:81\r\n') + \
+                   bytes(b'Accept-Encoding: identity\r\n\r\n')
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('[2001::]:81')
+        sock = FakeSocket('')
+        conn.sock = sock
+        conn.request('GET', '/foo')
+        self.assertTrue(sock.data.startswith(expected))
+
+        expected = bytes(b'GET /foo HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: [2001:102A::]\r\n') + \
+                   bytes(b'Accept-Encoding: identity\r\n\r\n')
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('[2001:102A::]')
+        sock = FakeSocket('')
+        conn.sock = sock
+        conn.request('GET', '/foo')
+        self.assertTrue(sock.data.startswith(expected))
+
+
+@skip26
+class BasicTest(TestCase):
+    def test_status_lines(self):
+        # Test HTTP status lines
+
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok\r\n\r\nText"
+        sock = FakeSocket(body)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock)
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(), b'Text')
+        self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 400.100 Not Ok\r\n\r\nText"
+        sock = FakeSocket(body)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock)
+        self.assertRaises(client.BadStatusLine, resp.begin)
+
+    def test_bad_status_repr(self):
+        exc = client.BadStatusLine('')
+        if not utils.PY3:
+            self.assertEqual(repr(exc), '''BadStatusLine("u\'\'",)''')
+        else:
+            self.assertIn(repr(exc), ('''BadStatusLine("''",)''', '''BadStatusLine("''")'''))
+
+    def test_partial_reads(self):
+        # if we have a length, the system knows when to close itself
+        # same behaviour than when we read the whole thing with read()
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\nText"
+        sock = FakeSocket(body)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock)
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(2), b'Te')
+        self.assertFalse(resp.isclosed())
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(2), b'xt')
+        self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+
+    def test_partial_reads_no_content_length(self):
+        # when no length is present, the socket should be gracefully closed when
+        # all data was read
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok\r\n\r\nText"
+        sock = FakeSocket(body)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock)
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(2), b'Te')
+        self.assertFalse(resp.isclosed())
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(2), b'xt')
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(1), b'')
+        self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+
+    def test_partial_reads_incomplete_body(self):
+        # if the server shuts down the connection before the whole
+        # content-length is delivered, the socket is gracefully closed
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok\r\nContent-Length: 10\r\n\r\nText"
+        sock = FakeSocket(body)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock)
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(2), b'Te')
+        self.assertFalse(resp.isclosed())
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(2), b'xt')
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(1), b'')
+        self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+
+    def test_host_port(self):
+        # Check invalid host_port
+
+        # Note that http.client does not accept user:password@ in the host-port.
+        for hp in ("www.python.org:abc", "user:password@www.python.org"):
+            self.assertRaises(client.InvalidURL, client.HTTPConnection, hp)
+
+        for hp, h, p in (("[fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b]:8000", "fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b",
+                          8000),
+                         ("www.python.org:80", "www.python.org", 80),
+                         ("www.python.org", "www.python.org", 80),
+                         ("www.python.org:", "www.python.org", 80),
+                         ("[fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b]", "fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b", 80)):
+            c = client.HTTPConnection(hp)
+            self.assertEqual(h, c.host)
+            self.assertEqual(p, c.port)
+
+    def test_response_headers(self):
+        # test response with multiple message headers with the same field name.
+        text = ('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
+                'Set-Cookie: Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE";'
+                ' Version="1"; Path="/acme"\r\n'
+                'Set-Cookie: Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; Version="1";'
+                ' Path="/acme"\r\n'
+                '\r\n'
+                'No body\r\n')
+        hdr = ('Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"'
+               ', '
+               'Part_Number="Rocket_Launcher_0001"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"')
+        s = FakeSocket(text)
+        r = client.HTTPResponse(s)
+        r.begin()
+        cookies = r.getheader("Set-Cookie")
+        self.assertEqual(cookies, hdr)
+
+    def test_read_head(self):
+        # Test that the library doesn't attempt to read any data
+        # from a HEAD request.  (Tickles SF bug #622042.)
+        sock = FakeSocket(
+            'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
+            'Content-Length: 14432\r\n'
+            '\r\n',
+            NoEOFBytesIO)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock, method="HEAD")
+        resp.begin()
+        if resp.read():
+            self.fail("Did not expect response from HEAD request")
+
+    def test_send_file(self):
+        expected = (bytes(b'GET /foo HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n') +
+                    bytes(b'Accept-Encoding: identity\r\nContent-Length:'))
+
+        # __file__ will usually be the .pyc, i.e. binary data
+        with open(__file__, 'rb') as body:
+            conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+            sock = FakeSocket(body)
+            conn.sock = sock
+            conn.request('GET', '/foo', body)
+            self.assertTrue(sock.data.startswith(expected), '%r != %r' %
+                    (sock.data[:len(expected)], expected))
+
+    def test_send(self):
+        expected = bytes(b'this is a test this is only a test')
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection('example.com')
+        sock = FakeSocket(None)
+        conn.sock = sock
+        conn.send(expected)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, sock.data)
+        sock.data = bytes(b'')
+        if utils.PY3:
+            mydata = array.array('b', expected)
+        else:
+            mydata = array.array(b'b', expected)
+        conn.send(mydata)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, sock.data)
+        sock.data = bytes(b'')
+        conn.send(io.BytesIO(expected))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, sock.data)
+
+    def test_chunked(self):
+        chunked_start = (
+            'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
+            'Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n'
+            'a\r\n'
+            'hello worl\r\n'
+            '1\r\n'
+            'd\r\n'
+        )
+        sock = FakeSocket(chunked_start + '0\r\n')
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock, method="GET")
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(), b'hello world')
+        resp.close()
+
+        for x in ('', 'foo\r\n'):
+            sock = FakeSocket(chunked_start + x)
+            resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock, method="GET")
+            resp.begin()
+            try:
+                resp.read()
+            except client.IncompleteRead as i:
+                self.assertEqual(i.partial, b'hello world')
+                self.assertEqual(repr(i),'IncompleteRead(11 bytes read)')
+                self.assertEqual(str(i),'IncompleteRead(11 bytes read)')
+            else:
+                self.fail('IncompleteRead expected')
+            finally:
+                resp.close()
+
+    def test_chunked_head(self):
+        chunked_start = (
+            'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
+            'Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n'
+            'a\r\n'
+            'hello world\r\n'
+            '1\r\n'
+            'd\r\n'
+        )
+        sock = FakeSocket(chunked_start + '0\r\n')
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock, method="HEAD")
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(), b'')
+        self.assertEqual(resp.status, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(resp.reason, 'OK')
+        self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+
+    def test_negative_content_length(self):
+        sock = FakeSocket('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
+                          'Content-Length: -1\r\n\r\nHello\r\n')
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock, method="GET")
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(), b'Hello\r\n')
+        self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+
+    def test_incomplete_read(self):
+        sock = FakeSocket('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 10\r\n\r\nHello\r\n')
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock, method="GET")
+        resp.begin()
+        try:
+            resp.read()
+        except client.IncompleteRead as i:
+            self.assertEqual(i.partial, b'Hello\r\n')
+            self.assertEqual(repr(i),
+                             "IncompleteRead(7 bytes read, 3 more expected)")
+            self.assertEqual(str(i),
+                             "IncompleteRead(7 bytes read, 3 more expected)")
+            self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+        else:
+            self.fail('IncompleteRead expected')
+
+    def test_epipe(self):
+        sock = EPipeSocket(
+            "HTTP/1.0 401 Authorization Required\r\n"
+            "Content-type: text/html\r\n"
+            "WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=\"example\"\r\n",
+            b"Content-Length")
+        conn = client.HTTPConnection("example.com")
+        conn.sock = sock
+        self.assertRaises(socket.error,
+                          lambda: conn.request("PUT", "/url", "body"))
+        resp = conn.getresponse()
+        self.assertEqual(401, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual("Basic realm=\"example\"",
+                         resp.getheader("www-authenticate"))
+
+    def test_filenoattr(self):
+        # Just test the fileno attribute in the HTTPResponse Object.
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok\r\n\r\nText"
+        sock = FakeSocket(body)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(resp,'fileno'),
+                'HTTPResponse should expose a fileno attribute')
+
+    # Test lines overflowing the max line size (_MAXLINE in http.client)
+
+    def test_overflowing_status_line(self):
+        self.skipTest("disabled for HTTP 0.9 support")
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok" + "k" * 65536 + "\r\n"
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(FakeSocket(body))
+        self.assertRaises((client.LineTooLong, client.BadStatusLine), resp.begin)
+
+    def test_overflowing_header_line(self):
+        body = (
+            'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
+            'X-Foo: bar' + 'r' * 65536 + '\r\n\r\n'
+        )
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(FakeSocket(body))
+        self.assertRaises(client.LineTooLong, resp.begin)
+
+    def test_overflowing_chunked_line(self):
+        body = (
+            'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
+            'Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n'
+            + '0' * 65536 + 'a\r\n'
+            'hello world\r\n'
+            '0\r\n'
+        )
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(FakeSocket(body))
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertRaises(client.LineTooLong, resp.read)
+
+    def test_early_eof(self):
+        # Test httpresponse with no \r\n termination,
+        body = "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok"
+        sock = FakeSocket(body)
+        resp = client.HTTPResponse(sock)
+        resp.begin()
+        self.assertEqual(resp.read(), b'')
+        self.assertTrue(resp.isclosed())
+
+@skip26
+class OfflineTest(TestCase):
+    def test_responses(self):
+        self.assertEqual(client.responses[client.NOT_FOUND], "Not Found")
+
+
+@skip26
+class SourceAddressTest(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.serv = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        self.port = support.bind_port(self.serv)
+        self.source_port = support.find_unused_port()
+        self.serv.listen(5)
+        self.conn = None
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if self.conn:
+            self.conn.close()
+            self.conn = None
+        self.serv.close()
+        self.serv = None
+
+    def testHTTPConnectionSourceAddress(self):
+        self.conn = client.HTTPConnection(HOST, self.port,
+                source_address=('', self.source_port))
+        self.conn.connect()
+        self.assertEqual(self.conn.sock.getsockname()[1], self.source_port)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(client, 'HTTPSConnection'),
+                     'http.client.HTTPSConnection not defined')
+    def testHTTPSConnectionSourceAddress(self):
+        self.conn = client.HTTPSConnection(HOST, self.port,
+                source_address=('', self.source_port))
+        # We don't test anything here other the constructor not barfing as
+        # this code doesn't deal with setting up an active running SSL server
+        # for an ssl_wrapped connect() to actually return from.
+
+
+@skip26
+class TimeoutTest(TestCase):
+    PORT = None
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.serv = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        TimeoutTest.PORT = support.bind_port(self.serv)
+        self.serv.listen(5)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.serv.close()
+        self.serv = None
+
+    def testTimeoutAttribute(self):
+        '''This will prove that the timeout gets through
+        HTTPConnection and into the socket.
+        '''
+        # default -- use global socket timeout
+        self.assertTrue(socket.getdefaulttimeout() is None)
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
+        try:
+            httpConn = client.HTTPConnection(HOST, TimeoutTest.PORT)
+            httpConn.connect()
+        finally:
+            socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
+        self.assertEqual(httpConn.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+        httpConn.close()
+
+        # no timeout -- do not use global socket default
+        self.assertTrue(socket.getdefaulttimeout() is None)
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
+        try:
+            httpConn = client.HTTPConnection(HOST, TimeoutTest.PORT,
+                                              timeout=None)
+            httpConn.connect()
+        finally:
+            socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
+        self.assertEqual(httpConn.sock.gettimeout(), None)
+        httpConn.close()
+
+        # a value
+        httpConn = client.HTTPConnection(HOST, TimeoutTest.PORT, timeout=30)
+        httpConn.connect()
+        self.assertEqual(httpConn.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+        httpConn.close()
+
+
+@skip26
+class HTTPSTest(TestCase):
+
+    def test_attributes(self):
+        # simple test to check it's storing it
+        if hasattr(client, 'HTTPSConnection'):
+            h = client.HTTPSConnection(HOST, TimeoutTest.PORT, timeout=30)
+            self.assertEqual(h.timeout, 30)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(not hasattr(client, 'HTTPSConnection'), 'http.client.HTTPSConnection not available')
+    def test_host_port(self):
+        # Check invalid host_port
+
+        # Note that httplib does not accept user:password@ in the host-port.
+        for hp in ("www.python.org:abc", "user:password@www.python.org"):
+            self.assertRaises(client.InvalidURL, client.HTTPSConnection, hp)
+
+        for hp, h, p in (("[fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b]:8000", "fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b",
+                          8000),
+                         ("pypi.python.org:443", "pypi.python.org", 443),
+                         ("pypi.python.org", "pypi.python.org", 443),
+                         ("pypi.python.org:", "pypi.python.org", 443),
+                         ("[fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b]", "fe80::207:e9ff:fe9b", 443)):
+            c = client.HTTPSConnection(hp)
+            self.assertEqual(h, c.host)
+            self.assertEqual(p, c.port)
+
+
+# def test_main(verbose=None):
+#     support.run_unittest(HeaderTests, OfflineTest, BasicTest, TimeoutTest,
+#                          HTTPSTest, SourceAddressTest)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_import_star.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_import_star.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffffe8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_import_star.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"""
+This tests whether
+
+    from future.builtins import *
+
+works as expected:
+- This should NOT introduce namespace pollution on Py3.
+- On Python 2, this should not introduce any symbols that aren't in
+  __builtin__.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals
+
+import copy
+
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26
+
+
+original_locals = set(copy.copy(locals()))
+original_globals = set(copy.copy(globals()))
+new_names = set(['original_locals', 'original_globals', 'new_names'])
+from future.builtins import *
+new_locals = set(copy.copy(locals())) - new_names - original_locals
+new_globals = set(copy.copy(globals())) - new_names - original_globals - \
+              set(['new_locals'])
+
+
+class TestImportStar(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_namespace_pollution_locals(self):
+        if utils.PY3:
+            self.assertEqual(len(new_locals), 0,
+                             'namespace pollution: {0}'.format(new_locals))
+        else:
+            pass   # maybe check that no new symbols are introduced
+
+    def test_namespace_pollution_globals(self):
+        if utils.PY3:
+            self.assertEqual(len(new_globals), 0,
+                             'namespace pollution: {0}'.format(new_globals))
+        else:
+            pass   # maybe check that no new symbols are introduced
+
+    def test_iterators(self):
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(range(10)), list)
+
+    def test_super(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        self.assertIsNot(str, bytes)            # Py2: assertIsNot only in 2.7
+        self.assertEqual(str('blah'), u'blah')  # Py3.3 and Py2 only
+
+    def test_python_2_unicode_compatible_decorator(self):
+        # This should not be in the namespace
+        assert 'python_2_unicode_compatible' not in locals()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_imports_httplib.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_imports_httplib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e84287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_imports_httplib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+import sys
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class ImportHttplibTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_issue_159(self):
+        """
+        The latest version of urllib3 (as of 2015-07-25)
+        uses http.client.HTTPMessage, which isn't normally
+        exported on Py2 through __all__ in httplib.py.
+        """
+        from http.client import HTTPMessage
+        if PY2:
+            import mimetools
+            assert issubclass(HTTPMessage, mimetools.Message)
+        else:
+            import email.message
+            assert issubclass(HTTPMessage, email.message.Message)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_imports_urllib.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_imports_urllib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbc616f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_imports_urllib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
+import sys
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+
+
+class ImportUrllibTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_urllib(self):
+        """
+        Tests that urllib isn't changed from under our feet. (This might not
+        even be a problem?)
+        """
+        from future import standard_library
+        import urllib
+        orig_file = urllib.__file__
+        with standard_library.hooks():
+            import urllib.response
+        self.assertEqual(orig_file, urllib.__file__)
+
+    def test_issue_158(self):
+        """
+        CherryPy conditional import in _cpcompat.py: issue 158
+        """
+        install_aliases()
+        try:
+            from urllib.parse import unquote as parse_unquote
+
+            def unquote_qs(atom, encoding, errors='strict'):
+                return parse_unquote(
+                    atom.replace('+', ' '),
+                    encoding=encoding,
+                    errors=errors)
+        except ImportError:
+            from urllib import unquote as parse_unquote
+
+            def unquote_qs(atom, encoding, errors='strict'):
+                return parse_unquote(atom.replace('+', ' ')).decode(encoding, errors)
+        self.assertEqual(unquote_qs('/%7Econnolly/', 'utf-8'),
+                         '/~connolly/')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_int.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_int.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..573a0d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_int.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1096 @@
+"""
+int tests from Py3.3
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import *
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY2
+from future.utils import PY26, PY2, raise_from
+
+import sys
+import random
+import array
+
+try:
+    import numpy as np
+except ImportError:
+    np = None
+
+try:
+    from future.standard_library.test import support
+except ImportError:
+    def cpython_only(f):
+        return f
+else:
+    cpython_only = support.cpython_only
+
+
+L = [
+        ('0', 0),
+        ('1', 1),
+        ('9', 9),
+        ('10', 10),
+        ('99', 99),
+        ('100', 100),
+        ('314', 314),
+        (' 314', 314),
+        ('314 ', 314),
+        ('  \t\t  314  \t\t  ', 314),
+        (repr(sys.maxsize), sys.maxsize),
+        ('  1x', ValueError),
+        ('  1  ', 1),
+        ('  1\02  ', ValueError),
+        ('', ValueError),
+        (' ', ValueError),
+        ('  \t\t  ', ValueError),
+        ("\u0200", ValueError)
+]
+
+class IntTestCases(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.longMessage = True
+
+    def test_isinstance_int_subclass(self):
+        """
+        Issue #89
+        """
+        value = int(10)
+        class Magic(int):
+            pass
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, int))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(value, Magic))
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        self.assertEqual(int(314), 314)
+        self.assertEqual(int(3.14), 3)
+        # Check that conversion from float truncates towards zero
+        self.assertEqual(int(-3.14), -3)
+        self.assertEqual(int(3.9), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(int(-3.9), -3)
+        self.assertEqual(int(3.5), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(int(-3.5), -3)
+        self.assertEqual(int("-3"), -3)
+        self.assertEqual(int(" -3 "), -3)
+        self.assertEqual(int("\N{EM SPACE}-3\N{EN SPACE}"), -3)
+        # Different base:
+        self.assertEqual(int("10",16), 16)
+        # Test conversion from strings and various anomalies
+        for s, v in L:
+            for sign in "", "+", "-":
+                for prefix in "", " ", "\t", "  \t\t  ":
+                    ss = prefix + sign + s
+                    vv = v
+                    if sign == "-" and v is not ValueError:
+                        vv = -v
+                    try:
+                        self.assertEqual(int(ss), vv)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        pass
+
+        s = repr(-1-sys.maxsize)
+        x = int(s)
+        self.assertEqual(x+1, -sys.maxsize)
+        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)
+        # should return int
+        self.assertEqual(int(s[1:]), sys.maxsize+1)
+
+        # should return int
+        x = int(1e100)
+        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)
+        x = int(-1e100)
+        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)
+
+
+        # SF bug 434186:  0x80000000/2 != 0x80000000>>1.
+        # Worked by accident in Windows release build, but failed in debug build.
+        # Failed in all Linux builds.
+        x = -1-sys.maxsize
+        self.assertEqual(x >> 1, x//2)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '123\0')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '53', 40)
+
+        # SF bug 1545497: embedded NULs were not detected with
+        # explicit base
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '123\0', 10)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '123\x00 245', 20)
+
+        x = int('1' * 600)
+        self.assertIsInstance(x, int)
+
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, 1, 12)
+
+        self.assertEqual(int('0o123', 0), 83)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0x123', 16), 291)
+
+        # Bug 1679: "0x" is not a valid hex literal
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0x", 16)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0x", 0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0o", 8)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0o", 0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0b", 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, "0b", 0)
+
+        # SF bug 1334662: int(string, base) wrong answers
+        # Various representations of 2**32 evaluated to 0
+        # rather than 2**32 in previous versions
+
+        self.assertEqual(int('100000000000000000000000000000000', 2), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('102002022201221111211', 3), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('10000000000000000', 4), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('32244002423141', 5), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1550104015504', 6), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('211301422354', 7), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('40000000000', 8), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('12068657454', 9), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4294967296', 10), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1904440554', 11), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('9ba461594', 12), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('535a79889', 13), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('2ca5b7464', 14), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1a20dcd81', 15), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('100000000', 16), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('a7ffda91', 17), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('704he7g4', 18), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4f5aff66', 19), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('3723ai4g', 20), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('281d55i4', 21), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1fj8b184', 22), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1606k7ic', 23), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('mb994ag', 24), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('hek2mgl', 25), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('dnchbnm', 26), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('b28jpdm', 27), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('8pfgih4', 28), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('76beigg', 29), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('5qmcpqg', 30), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4q0jto4', 31), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4000000', 32), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('3aokq94', 33), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('2qhxjli', 34), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('2br45qb', 35), 4294967296)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1z141z4', 36), 4294967296)
+
+        # tests with base 0
+        # this fails on 3.0, but in 2.x the old octal syntax is allowed
+        self.assertEqual(int(' 0o123  ', 0), 83)
+        self.assertEqual(int(' 0o123  ', 0), 83)
+        self.assertEqual(int('000', 0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0o123', 0), 83)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0x123', 0), 291)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0b100', 0), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(int(' 0O123   ', 0), 83)
+        self.assertEqual(int(' 0X123  ', 0), 291)
+        self.assertEqual(int(' 0B100 ', 0), 4)
+
+        # without base still base 10
+        self.assertEqual(int('0123'), 123)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0123', 10), 123)
+
+        # tests with prefix and base != 0
+        self.assertEqual(int('0x123', 16), 291)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0o123', 8), 83)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0b100', 2), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0X123', 16), 291)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0O123', 8), 83)
+        self.assertEqual(int('0B100', 2), 4)
+
+        # the code has special checks for the first character after the
+        #  type prefix
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0b2', 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0b02', 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0B2', 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0B02', 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0o8', 8)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0o08', 8)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0O8', 8)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0O08', 8)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0xg', 16)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0x0g', 16)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0Xg', 16)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '0X0g', 16)
+
+        # SF bug 1334662: int(string, base) wrong answers
+        # Checks for proper evaluation of 2**32 + 1
+        self.assertEqual(int('100000000000000000000000000000001', 2), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('102002022201221111212', 3), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('10000000000000001', 4), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('32244002423142', 5), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1550104015505', 6), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('211301422355', 7), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('40000000001', 8), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('12068657455', 9), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4294967297', 10), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1904440555', 11), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('9ba461595', 12), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('535a7988a', 13), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('2ca5b7465', 14), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1a20dcd82', 15), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('100000001', 16), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('a7ffda92', 17), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('704he7g5', 18), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4f5aff67', 19), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('3723ai4h', 20), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('281d55i5', 21), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1fj8b185', 22), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1606k7id', 23), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('mb994ah', 24), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('hek2mgm', 25), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('dnchbnn', 26), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('b28jpdn', 27), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('8pfgih5', 28), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('76beigh', 29), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('5qmcpqh', 30), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4q0jto5', 31), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('4000001', 32), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('3aokq95', 33), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('2qhxjlj', 34), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('2br45qc', 35), 4294967297)
+        self.assertEqual(int('1z141z5', 36), 4294967297)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2     # fails on Py2
+    @cpython_only
+    def test_small_ints(self):
+        # Bug #3236: Return small longs from PyLong_FromString
+        self.assertIs(int('10'), 10)
+        self.assertIs(int('-1'), -1)
+        self.assertIs(int(b'10'), 10)
+        self.assertIs(int(b'-1'), -1)
+
+    def test_no_args(self):
+        self.assertEqual(int(), 0)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info >= (3, 7),
+            "The first parameter must be positional with Python >= 3.7"
+    )
+    def test_x_keyword_arg(self):
+        # Test invoking int() using keyword arguments.
+        self.assertEqual(int(x=1.2), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(int(x='100', base=2), 4)
+
+    def text_base_keyword_arg(self):
+        self.assertEqual(int('100', base=2), 4)
+
+    def test_newint_plus_float(self):
+        minutes = int(100)
+        second = 0.0
+        seconds = minutes*60 + second
+        self.assertEqual(seconds, 6000)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(seconds, float))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_keyword_args_2(self):
+        # newint causes these to fail:
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, base=10)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, base=0)
+
+    def test_non_numeric_input_types(self):
+        # Test possible non-numeric types for the argument x, including
+        # subclasses of the explicitly documented accepted types.
+        class CustomStr(str): pass
+        class CustomBytes(bytes): pass
+        class CustomByteArray(bytearray): pass
+
+        values = [b'100',
+                  bytearray(b'100'),
+                  CustomStr('100'),
+                  CustomBytes(b'100'),
+                  CustomByteArray(b'100')]
+
+        for x in values:
+            msg = 'x has type %s' % type(x).__name__
+            self.assertEqual(int(x), 100, msg=msg)
+            self.assertEqual(int(x, 2), 4, msg=msg)
+
+    def test_newint_of_newstr(self):
+        a = str(u'123')
+        b = int(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b, 123)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, int))
+
+    def test_string_float(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '1.2')
+
+    def test_intconversion(self):
+        # Test __int__()
+        class ClassicMissingMethods:
+            pass
+        # The following raises an AttributeError (for '__trunc__') on Py2
+        # but a TypeError on Py3 (which uses new-style classes).
+        # Perhaps nothing is to be done but avoiding old-style classes!
+        # ...
+        # self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, ClassicMissingMethods())
+
+        class MissingMethods(object):
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, MissingMethods())
+
+        class Foo0:
+            def __int__(self):
+                return 42
+
+        class Foo1(object):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return 42
+
+        class Foo2(int):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return 42
+
+        class Foo3(int):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return self.real
+
+        class Foo4(int):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return 42
+
+        class Foo5(int):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return 42.
+
+        self.assertEqual(int(Foo0()), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(int(Foo1()), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(int(Foo2()), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(int(Foo3()), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(int(Foo4()), 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int, Foo5())
+
+        class Classic:
+            pass
+        for base in (object, Classic):
+            class IntOverridesTrunc(base):
+                def __int__(self):
+                    return 42
+                def __trunc__(self):
+                    return -12
+            self.assertEqual(int(IntOverridesTrunc()), 42)
+
+            class JustTrunc(base):
+                def __trunc__(self):
+                    return 42
+            # This fails on Python 2.x:
+            # if not PY26:
+            #     self.assertEqual(int(JustTrunc()), 42)
+
+            for trunc_result_base in (object, Classic):
+                class Integral(trunc_result_base):
+                    def __int__(self):
+                        return 42
+
+                class TruncReturnsNonInt(base):
+                    def __trunc__(self):
+                        return Integral()
+                # Fails on Python 2.6:
+                # self.assertEqual(int(TruncReturnsNonInt()), 42)
+
+                class NonIntegral(trunc_result_base):
+                    def __trunc__(self):
+                        # Check that we avoid infinite recursion.
+                        return NonIntegral()
+
+                class TruncReturnsNonIntegral(base):
+                    def __trunc__(self):
+                        return NonIntegral()
+                try:
+                    int(TruncReturnsNonIntegral())
+                except TypeError as e:
+                    # self.assertEqual(str(e),
+                    #                   "__trunc__ returned non-Integral"
+                    #                   " (type NonIntegral)")
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    self.fail("Failed to raise TypeError with %s" %
+                              ((base, trunc_result_base),))
+
+                # Regression test for bugs.python.org/issue16060.
+                class BadInt(trunc_result_base):
+                    def __int__(self):
+                        return 42.0
+
+                class TruncReturnsBadInt(base):
+                    def __trunc__(self):
+                        return BadInt()
+
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    int(TruncReturnsBadInt())
+
+    ####################################################################
+    # future-specific tests are below:
+    ####################################################################
+
+    # Exception messages in Py2 are 8-bit strings. The following fails,
+    # even if the testlist strings are wrapped in str() calls...
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_error_message(self):
+        testlist = ('\xbd', '123\xbd', '  123 456  ')
+        for s in testlist:
+            try:
+                int(s)
+            except ValueError as e:
+                self.assertIn(s.strip(), e.args[0])
+            else:
+                self.fail("Expected int(%r) to raise a ValueError", s)
+
+    def test_bytes_mul(self):
+        self.assertEqual(b'\x00' * int(5), b'\x00' * 5)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(b'\x00') * int(5), bytes(b'\x00') * 5)
+
+    def test_str_mul(self):
+        self.assertEqual(u'\x00' * int(5), u'\x00' * 5)
+        self.assertEqual(str(u'\x00') * int(5), str(u'\x00') * 5)
+
+    def test_int_bytes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(int(b'a\r\n', 16), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(int(bytes(b'a\r\n'), 16), 10)
+
+    def test_divmod(self):
+        """
+        Test int.__divmod__
+        """
+        vals = [10**i for i in range(0, 20)]
+        for i in range(200):
+            x = random.choice(vals)
+            y = random.choice(vals)
+            assert divmod(int(x), int(y)) == divmod(x, y)
+            assert divmod(int(-x), int(y)) == divmod(-x, y)
+            assert divmod(int(x), int(-y)) == divmod(x, -y)
+            assert divmod(int(-x), int(-y)) == divmod(-x, -y)
+
+            assert divmod(int(x), float(y)) == divmod(x, float(y))
+            assert divmod(int(-x), float(y)) == divmod(-x, float(y))
+            assert divmod(int(x), float(-y)) == divmod(x, float(-y))
+            assert divmod(int(-x), float(-y)) == divmod(-x, float(-y))
+
+        def _frange(x, y, step):
+            _x = x ; i = 0
+            while _x < y:
+                yield _x
+                i += 1 ; _x = x + i * step
+
+        for i in range(20):
+            for d in _frange(0.005, 5.0, 0.005):
+                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(i), d), divmod(i, d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))
+                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(-i), d), divmod(-i, d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))
+                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(i), -d), divmod(i, -d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))
+                self.assertEqual(divmod(int(-i), -d), divmod(-i, -d), msg='i={0}; d={1}'.format(i, d))
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        """
+        Issue #38
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 5., 0.6)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 5, 0.6)    # the __future__.division import is in
+                                        # effect
+
+    def test_truediv(self):
+        """
+        Test int.__truediv__ and friends (rtruediv, itruediv)
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 2, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
+                                      # is in effect
+        self.assertEqual(type(a / 2), float)
+
+        b = int(2)
+        self.assertEqual(a / b, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
+                                      # is in effect
+        self.assertEqual(type(a / b), float)
+
+        c = int(3) / b
+        self.assertEqual(c, 1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))
+
+        d = int(5)
+        d /= 5
+        self.assertEqual(d, 1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, float))
+
+        e = int(10)
+        f = int(20)
+        e /= f
+        self.assertEqual(e, 0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, float))
+
+
+    def test_idiv(self):
+        a = int(3)
+        a /= 2
+        self.assertEqual(a, 1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, float))
+        b = int(10)
+        b /= 2
+        self.assertEqual(b, 5.0)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, float))
+        c = int(-3)
+        c /= 2.0
+        self.assertEqual(c, -1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))
+
+    def test_floordiv(self):
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a // 2, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(a // 2), int)    # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // 2, int))
+
+        b = int(2)
+        self.assertEqual(a // b, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(a // b), int)    # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // b, int))
+
+        c = 3 // b
+        self.assertEqual(c, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(c), int)         # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, int))
+
+        d = int(5)
+        d //= 5
+        self.assertEqual(d, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(d), int)         # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, int))
+
+        e = int(10)
+        f = int(20)
+        e //= f
+        self.assertEqual(e, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(type(e), int)         # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))
+
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        """
+        Issue #38
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 5., 0.6)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 5, 0.6)    # the __future__.division import is in
+                                        # effect
+
+    def test_truediv(self):
+        """
+        Test int.__truediv__ and friends (rtruediv, itruediv)
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 2, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
+                                      # is in effect
+        self.assertEqual(type(a / 2), float)
+
+        b = int(2)
+        self.assertEqual(a / b, 1.5)  # since "from __future__ import division"
+                                      # is in effect
+        self.assertEqual(type(a / b), float)
+
+        c = int(3) / b
+        self.assertEqual(c, 1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))
+
+        d = int(5)
+        d /= 5
+        self.assertEqual(d, 1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, float))
+
+        e = int(10)
+        f = int(20)
+        e /= f
+        self.assertEqual(e, 0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, float))
+
+
+    def test_idiv(self):
+        a = int(3)
+        a /= 2
+        self.assertEqual(a, 1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, float))
+        b = int(10)
+        b /= 2
+        self.assertEqual(b, 5.0)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, float))
+        c = int(-3)
+        c /= 2.0
+        self.assertEqual(c, -1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))
+
+
+    def test_floordiv(self):
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a // 2, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(a // 2), int)    # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // 2, int))
+
+        b = int(2)
+        self.assertEqual(a // b, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(a // b), int)    # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a // b, int))
+
+        c = 3 // b
+        self.assertEqual(c, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(c), int)         # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, int))
+
+        d = int(5)
+        d //= 5
+        self.assertEqual(d, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(d), int)         # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, int))
+
+        e = int(10)
+        f = int(20)
+        e //= f
+        self.assertEqual(e, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(type(e), int)         # i.e. another newint
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(np is None, "test requires NumPy")
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_numpy_cast_as_long_and_newint(self):
+        """
+        NumPy currently doesn't like subclasses of ``long``. This should be fixed.
+        """
+        class longsubclass(long):
+            pass
+
+        a = np.arange(10**3, dtype=np.float64).reshape(10, 100)
+        b = a.astype(longsubclass)
+        c = a.astype(int)
+        print(b.dtype)
+        assert b.dtype == np.int64 == c.dtype
+
+    def test_upcasting_to_floats(self):
+        """
+        Integers should automatically be upcasted to floats for arithmetic
+        operations.
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+
+        # Addition with floats.
+        self.assertEqual(a + 0.5, 3.5)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5 + a, 3.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a + 0.5, float))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 + a, float))
+
+        # Subtraction with floats.
+        self.assertEqual(a - 0.5, 2.5)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5 - a, -2.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a - 0.5, float))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 - a, float))
+
+        # Multiplication with floats.
+        self.assertEqual(a * 0.5, 1.5)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5 * a, 1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a * 0.5, float))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 * a, float))
+
+        # Division with floats.
+        self.assertEqual(a / 0.5, 6.0)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5 / a, 0.5 / 3.0)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a / 0.5, float))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 / a, float))
+
+        # Modulo with floats.
+        self.assertEqual(a % 0.5, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5 % a, 0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a % 0.5, float))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5 % a, float))
+
+        # Power with floats.
+        self.assertEqual(1.0 ** a, 1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(1.0 ** a, float))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a ** 1.0, a)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ** 1.0, float))
+
+    def test_upcasting_to_complex(self):
+        """
+        Integers should automatically be upcasted to complex numbers for
+        arithmetic operations.
+
+        Python 3 cannot mod complex numbers so this does not have to be
+        supported here.
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+
+        # Addition with complex.
+        self.assertEqual(a + 0.5j, 3.0 + 0.5j)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5j + a, 3.0 + 0.5j)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a + 0.5j, complex))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j + a, complex))
+
+        # Subtraction with complex.
+        self.assertEqual(a - 0.5j, 3.0 - 0.5j)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5j - a, -3.0 + 0.5j)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a - 0.5j, complex))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j - a, complex))
+
+        # Multiplication with complex.
+        self.assertEqual(a * 0.5j, 1.5j)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5j * a, 1.5j)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a * 0.5j, complex))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j * a, complex))
+
+        # Division with complex.
+        self.assertEqual(a / 0.5j, -6.0j)
+        self.assertEqual(0.5j / a, (0.5 / 3.0) * 1j)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a / 0.5j, complex))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(0.5j / a, complex))
+
+        # Power with floats.
+        self.assertEqual(5.0j ** int(1), 5.0j)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(5.0j ** int(1), complex))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a ** 1.0j, 3.0 ** 1.0j)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ** 1.0j, complex))
+
+    def test_more_arithmetics(self):
+        """
+        More arithmetic tests to improve test coverage.
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        b = int(5)
+        c = int(-5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(b - a, 2)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b - a, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a * b, 15)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a * b, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(b % a, 2)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b % a, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a ** b, 243)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ** b, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(abs(c), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(c), b)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(abs(c), int))
+
+    def test_bitwise_operations(self):
+        """
+        Tests bitwise operations.
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        b = int(1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(a >> b, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(a >> 1, 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a >> b, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a >> 1, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a << b, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(a << 1, 6)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a << b, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a << 1, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a & b, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(a & 1, 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a & b, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a & 1, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a | b, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(a | 1, 3)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a | b, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a | 1, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(a ^ b, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(a ^ 1, 2)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ^ b, int))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a ^ 1, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(~a, -4)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(~a, int))
+
+    def test_unary_operators(self):
+        a = int(3)
+        b = int(-3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(+a, a)
+        self.assertEqual(+a, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(+b, b)
+        self.assertEqual(+b, -3)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(+a, int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(-a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(-a, -3)
+        self.assertEqual(-b, a)
+        self.assertEqual(-b, 3)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(-a, int))
+
+    def test_to_bytes(self):
+        def check(tests, byteorder, signed=False):
+            for test, expected in tests.items():
+                try:
+                    self.assertEqual(
+                        int(test).to_bytes(len(expected), byteorder, signed=signed),
+                        expected)
+                except Exception as err:
+                    raise_from(AssertionError(
+                        "failed to convert {0} with byteorder={1} and signed={2}"
+                        .format(test, byteorder, signed)), err)
+
+        # Convert integers to signed big-endian byte arrays.
+        tests1 = {
+            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
+            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
+            -1: bytes(b'\xff'),
+            -127: bytes(b'\x81'),
+            -128: bytes(b'\x80'),
+            -129: bytes(b'\xff\x7f'),
+            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
+            129: bytes(b'\x00\x81'),
+            -255: bytes(b'\xff\x01'),
+            -256: bytes(b'\xff\x00'),
+            255: bytes(b'\x00\xff'),
+            256: bytes(b'\x01\x00'),
+            32767: bytes(b'\x7f\xff'),
+            -32768: bytes(b'\xff\x80\x00'),
+            65535: bytes(b'\x00\xff\xff'),
+            -65536: bytes(b'\xff\x00\x00'),
+            -8388608: bytes(b'\x80\x00\x00')
+        }
+        check(tests1, 'big', signed=True)
+
+        # Convert integers to signed little-endian byte arrays.
+        tests2 = {
+            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
+            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
+            -1: bytes(b'\xff'),
+            -127: bytes(b'\x81'),
+            -128: bytes(b'\x80'),
+            -129: bytes(b'\x7f\xff'),
+            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
+            129: bytes(b'\x81\x00'),
+            -255: bytes(b'\x01\xff'),
+            -256: bytes(b'\x00\xff'),
+            255: bytes(b'\xff\x00'),
+            256: bytes(b'\x00\x01'),
+            32767: bytes(b'\xff\x7f'),
+            -32768: bytes(b'\x00\x80'),
+            65535: bytes(b'\xff\xff\x00'),
+            -65536: bytes(b'\x00\x00\xff'),
+            -8388608: bytes(b'\x00\x00\x80')
+        }
+        check(tests2, 'little', signed=True)
+
+        # Convert integers to unsigned big-endian byte arrays.
+        tests3 = {
+            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
+            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
+            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
+            128: bytes(b'\x80'),
+            255: bytes(b'\xff'),
+            256: bytes(b'\x01\x00'),
+            32767: bytes(b'\x7f\xff'),
+            32768: bytes(b'\x80\x00'),
+            65535: bytes(b'\xff\xff'),
+            65536: bytes(b'\x01\x00\x00')
+        }
+        check(tests3, 'big', signed=False)
+
+        # Convert integers to unsigned little-endian byte arrays.
+        tests4 = {
+            0: bytes(b'\x00'),
+            1: bytes(b'\x01'),
+            127: bytes(b'\x7f'),
+            128: bytes(b'\x80'),
+            255: bytes(b'\xff'),
+            256: bytes(b'\x00\x01'),
+            32767: bytes(b'\xff\x7f'),
+            32768: bytes(b'\x00\x80'),
+            65535: bytes(b'\xff\xff'),
+            65536: bytes(b'\x00\x00\x01')
+        }
+        check(tests4, 'little', signed=False)
+
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'big', signed=False)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'big', signed=True)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'little', signed=False)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(256).to_bytes, 1, 'little', signed=True)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(-1).to_bytes, 2, 'big', signed=False),
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(-1).to_bytes, 2, 'little', signed=False)
+        self.assertEqual(int(0).to_bytes(0, 'big'), b'')
+        self.assertEqual(int(1).to_bytes(5, 'big'), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01')
+        self.assertEqual(int(0).to_bytes(5, 'big'), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
+        self.assertEqual(int(-1).to_bytes(5, 'big', signed=True),
+                         bytes(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff'))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, int(1).to_bytes, 0, 'big')
+
+    def test_from_bytes(self):
+        def check(tests, byteorder, signed=False):
+            for test, expected in tests.items():
+                try:
+                    self.assertEqual(
+                        int.from_bytes(test, byteorder, signed=signed),
+                        int(expected))
+                except Exception as err:
+                    raise_from(AssertionError(
+                        "failed to convert {0} with byteorder={1!r} and signed={2}"
+                        .format(test, byteorder, signed)), err)
+
+        # Convert signed big-endian byte arrays to integers.
+        tests1 = {
+            bytes(b''): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x00'): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 1,
+            bytes(b'\xff'): -1,
+            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): -1,
+            bytes(b'\x81'): -127,
+            bytes(b'\x80'): -128,
+            bytes(b'\xff\x7f'): -129,
+            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x81'): 129,
+            bytes(b'\xff\x01'): -255,
+            bytes(b'\xff\x00'): -256,
+            bytes(b'\x00\xff'): 255,
+            bytes(b'\x01\x00'): 256,
+            bytes(b'\x7f\xff'): 32767,
+            bytes(b'\x80\x00'): -32768,
+            bytes(b'\x00\xff\xff'): 65535,
+            bytes(b'\xff\x00\x00'): -65536,
+            bytes(b'\x80\x00\x00'): -8388608
+        }
+        # check(tests1, 'big', signed=True)
+
+        # Convert signed little-endian byte arrays to integers.
+        tests2 = {
+            bytes(b''): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x00'): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 256,
+            bytes(b'\xff'): -1,
+            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): -1,
+            bytes(b'\x81'): -127,
+            bytes(b'\x80'): -128,
+            bytes(b'\x7f\xff'): -129,
+            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
+            bytes(b'\x81\x00'): 129,
+            bytes(b'\x01\xff'): -255,
+            bytes(b'\x00\xff'): -256,
+            bytes(b'\xff\x00'): 255,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 256,
+            bytes(b'\xff\x7f'): 32767,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x80'): -32768,
+            bytes(b'\xff\xff\x00'): 65535,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x00\xff'): -65536,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x00\x80'): -8388608
+        }
+        # check(tests2, 'little', signed=True)
+
+        # Convert unsigned big-endian byte arrays to integers.
+        tests3 = {
+            bytes(b''): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
+            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
+            bytes(b'\x80'): 128,
+            bytes(b'\xff'): 255,
+            bytes(b'\x01\x00'): 256,
+            bytes(b'\x7f\xff'): 32767,
+            bytes(b'\x80\x00'): 32768,
+            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): 65535,
+            bytes(b'\x01\x00\x00'): 65536,
+        }
+        check(tests3, 'big', signed=False)
+
+        # Convert integers to unsigned little-endian byte arrays.
+        tests4 = {
+            bytes(b''): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x00'): 0,
+            bytes(b'\x01'): 1,
+            bytes(b'\x7f'): 127,
+            bytes(b'\x80'): 128,
+            bytes(b'\xff'): 255,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x01'): 256,
+            bytes(b'\xff\x7f'): 32767,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x80'): 32768,
+            bytes(b'\xff\xff'): 65535,
+            bytes(b'\x00\x00\x01'): 65536,
+        }
+        check(tests4, 'little', signed=False)
+
+        class myint(int):
+            pass
+
+        if PY2:
+            import __builtin__
+            oldbytes = __builtin__.bytes
+            types = (bytes, oldbytes)
+        else:
+            types = (bytes,)
+        for mytype in types:
+            self.assertIs(type(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x00'), 'big')), myint)
+            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'big'), 1)
+            self.assertIs(
+                type(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x00'), 'big', signed=False)), myint)
+            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'big', signed=False), 1)
+            self.assertIs(type(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x00'), 'little')), myint)
+            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'little'), 1)
+            self.assertIs(type(myint.from_bytes(
+                mytype(b'\x00'), 'little', signed=False)), myint)
+            self.assertEqual(myint.from_bytes(mytype(b'\x01'), 'little', signed=False), 1)
+            # self.assertEqual(
+            #     int.from_bytes([255, 0, 0], 'big', signed=True), -65536)
+            # self.assertEqual(
+            #     int.from_bytes((255, 0, 0), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
+            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
+            #     bytearray(mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
+            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
+            #     bytearray(mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
+            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
+            #     array.array('B', mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
+            # self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(
+            #     memoryview(mytype(b'\xff\x00\x00')), 'big', signed=True), -65536)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, u"", 'big')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, u"\x00", 'big')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, myint.from_bytes, u"", 'big')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, myint.from_bytes, u"\x00", 'big')
+
+        types = (int, lambda x: x) if PY2 else (lambda x: x,)
+        for mytype in types:
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int.from_bytes, [mytype(256)], 'big')
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int.from_bytes, [mytype(0)], 'big\x00')
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int.from_bytes, [mytype(0)], 'little\x00')
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big')
+            # self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big', True)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, myint.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big')
+            # self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, mytype(0), 'big', True)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        """
+        Issue #96 (for newint instead of newobject)
+        """
+        import collections.abc
+
+        class Base(int):
+            pass
+
+        class Foo(Base, collections.abc.Container):
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return 0
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_with_metaclass_and_int(self):
+        """
+        Issue #91 (for newint instead of newobject)
+        """
+        from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+        class MetaClass(type):
+            pass
+
+        class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, int)):
+            pass
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_int_old_division.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_int_old_division.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be6fded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_int_old_division.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+"""
+Py2 only. int tests involving division for the case that:
+
+    >>> from __future__ import division
+
+is not in effect.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import,
+                        print_function, unicode_literals)
+from future import standard_library
+from future.builtins import *
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+import sys
+import random
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(not PY2, 'old division tests only for Py2')
+class IntTestCasesOldDivision(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.longMessage = True
+
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        """
+        Issue #38
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 5., 0.6)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 5, 0)
+
+
+    def test_idiv(self):
+        a = int(3)
+        a /= 2
+        self.assertEqual(a, 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, int))
+        b = int(10)
+        b /= 2
+        self.assertEqual(b, 5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, int))
+        c = int(-3)
+        c /= 2.0
+        self.assertEqual(c, -1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, float))
+
+
+    def test_truediv(self):
+        """
+        Test int.__truediv__ and friends (rtruediv, itruediv)
+        """
+        a = int(3)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 2, 1)  # since "from __future__ import division"
+                                      # is in effect
+        self.assertEqual(type(a / 2), int)
+
+        b = int(2)
+        self.assertEqual(a / b, 1)  # since "from __future__ import division"
+                                      # is in effect
+        self.assertEqual(type(a / b), int)
+
+        c = int(3) / b
+        self.assertEqual(c, 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, int))
+
+        d = int(5)
+        d /= 5
+        self.assertEqual(d, 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, int))
+
+        e = int(10)
+        f = int(20)
+        e /= f
+        self.assertEqual(e, 0)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))
+
+
+    def test_divmod(self):
+        """
+        Test int.__divmod__
+        """
+        vals = [10**i for i in range(0, 20)]
+        for i in range(200):
+            x = random.choice(vals)
+            y = random.choice(vals)
+            self.assertEqual(int(y).__rdivmod__(int(x)), divmod(x, y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+            self.assertEqual(int(-y).__rdivmod__(int(x)), divmod(x, -y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+            self.assertEqual(int(y).__rdivmod__(int(-x)), divmod(-x, y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+            self.assertEqual(int(-y).__rdivmod__(int(-x)), divmod(-x, -y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+
+            self.assertEqual(int(x).__rdivmod__(int(y)), long(x).__rdivmod__(y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+            self.assertEqual(int(-x).__rdivmod__(int(y)), long(-x).__rdivmod__(y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+            self.assertEqual(int(x).__rdivmod__(int(-y)), long(x).__rdivmod__(-y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+            self.assertEqual(int(-x).__rdivmod__(int(-y)), long(-x).__rdivmod__(-y), msg='x={0}; y={1}'.format(x, y))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_isinstance.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_isinstance.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c0a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_isinstance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+"""
+From the Python 3.3 test suite
+"""
+
+from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, unicode_literals)
+from future.builtins import *
+
+# Tests some corner cases with isinstance() and issubclass().  While these
+# tests use new style classes and properties, they actually do whitebox
+# testing of error conditions uncovered when using extension types.
+
+import sys
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class TestIsInstanceExceptions(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Test to make sure that an AttributeError when accessing the instance's
+    # class's bases is masked.  This was actually a bug in Python 2.2 and
+    # 2.2.1 where the exception wasn't caught but it also wasn't being cleared
+    # (leading to an "undetected error" in the debug build).  Set up is,
+    # isinstance(inst, cls) where:
+    #
+    # - cls isn't a type, or a tuple
+    # - cls has a __bases__ attribute
+    # - inst has a __class__ attribute
+    # - inst.__class__ as no __bases__ attribute
+    #
+    # Sounds complicated, I know, but this mimics a situation where an
+    # extension type raises an AttributeError when its __bases__ attribute is
+    # gotten.  In that case, isinstance() should return False.
+    def test_class_has_no_bases(self):
+        class I(object):
+            def getclass(self):
+                # This must return an object that has no __bases__ attribute
+                return None
+            __class__ = property(getclass)
+
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                return ()
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(I(), C()))
+
+    # Like above except that inst.__class__.__bases__ raises an exception
+    # other than AttributeError
+    def test_bases_raises_other_than_attribute_error(self):
+        class E(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                raise RuntimeError
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        class I(object):
+            def getclass(self):
+                return E()
+            __class__ = property(getclass)
+
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                return ()
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, isinstance, I(), C())
+
+    # Here's a situation where getattr(cls, '__bases__') raises an exception.
+    # If that exception is not AttributeError, it should not get masked
+    def test_dont_mask_non_attribute_error(self):
+        class I: pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                raise RuntimeError
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, isinstance, I(), C())
+
+    # Like above, except that getattr(cls, '__bases__') raises an
+    # AttributeError, which /should/ get masked as a TypeError
+    def test_mask_attribute_error(self):
+        class I: pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                raise AttributeError
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance, I(), C())
+
+    # check that we don't mask non AttributeErrors
+    # see: http://bugs.python.org/issue1574217
+    def test_isinstance_dont_mask_non_attribute_error(self):
+        class C(object):
+            def getclass(self):
+                raise RuntimeError
+            __class__ = property(getclass)
+
+        # This fails on Python 2.7:
+        # c = C()
+        # self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, isinstance, c, bool)
+
+        # # test another code path
+        # class D: pass
+        # self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, isinstance, c, D)
+
+
+# These tests are similar to above, but tickle certain code paths in
+# issubclass() instead of isinstance() -- really PyObject_IsSubclass()
+# vs. PyObject_IsInstance().
+class TestIsSubclassExceptions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_dont_mask_non_attribute_error(self):
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                raise RuntimeError
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        class S(C): pass
+
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, issubclass, C(), S())
+
+    def test_mask_attribute_error(self):
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                raise AttributeError
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        class S(C): pass
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, C(), S())
+
+    # Like above, but test the second branch, where the __bases__ of the
+    # second arg (the cls arg) is tested.  This means the first arg must
+    # return a valid __bases__, and it's okay for it to be a normal --
+    # unrelated by inheritance -- class.
+    def test_dont_mask_non_attribute_error_in_cls_arg(self):
+        class B: pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                raise RuntimeError
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, issubclass, B, C())
+
+    def test_mask_attribute_error_in_cls_arg(self):
+        class B: pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            def getbases(self):
+                raise AttributeError
+            __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, B, C())
+
+
+
+# meta classes for creating abstract classes and instances
+class AbstractClass(object):
+    def __init__(self, bases):
+        self.bases = bases
+
+    def getbases(self):
+        return self.bases
+    __bases__ = property(getbases)
+
+    def __call__(self):
+        return AbstractInstance(self)
+
+class AbstractInstance(object):
+    def __init__(self, klass):
+        self.klass = klass
+
+    def getclass(self):
+        return self.klass
+    __class__ = property(getclass)
+
+# abstract classes
+AbstractSuper = AbstractClass(bases=())
+
+AbstractChild = AbstractClass(bases=(AbstractSuper,))
+
+# normal classes
+class Super:
+    pass
+
+class Child(Super):
+    pass
+
+# new-style classes
+class NewSuper(object):
+    pass
+
+class NewChild(NewSuper):
+    pass
+
+
+
+class TestIsInstanceIsSubclass(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Tests to ensure that isinstance and issubclass work on abstract
+    # classes and instances.  Before the 2.2 release, TypeErrors were
+    # raised when boolean values should have been returned.  The bug was
+    # triggered by mixing 'normal' classes and instances were with
+    # 'abstract' classes and instances.  This case tries to test all
+    # combinations.
+
+    def test_isinstance_normal(self):
+        # normal instances
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(Super(), Super))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(Super(), Child))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(Super(), AbstractSuper))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(Super(), AbstractChild))
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(Child(), Super))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(Child(), AbstractSuper))
+
+    def test_isinstance_abstract(self):
+        # abstract instances
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(AbstractSuper(), AbstractSuper))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(AbstractSuper(), AbstractChild))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(AbstractSuper(), Super))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(AbstractSuper(), Child))
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(AbstractChild(), AbstractChild))
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(AbstractChild(), AbstractSuper))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(AbstractChild(), Super))
+        self.assertEqual(False, isinstance(AbstractChild(), Child))
+
+    def test_subclass_normal(self):
+        # normal classes
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(Super, Super))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(Super, AbstractSuper))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(Super, Child))
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(Child, Child))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(Child, Super))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(Child, AbstractSuper))
+
+    def test_subclass_abstract(self):
+        # abstract classes
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(AbstractSuper, AbstractSuper))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(AbstractSuper, AbstractChild))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(AbstractSuper, Child))
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(AbstractChild, AbstractChild))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(AbstractChild, AbstractSuper))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(AbstractChild, Super))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(AbstractChild, Child))
+
+    def test_subclass_tuple(self):
+        # test with a tuple as the second argument classes
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(Child, (Child,)))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(Child, (Super,)))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(Super, (Child,)))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(Super, (Child, Super)))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(Child, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(Super, (Child, (Super,))))
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(NewChild, (NewChild,)))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(NewChild, (NewSuper,)))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(NewSuper, (NewChild,)))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(NewSuper, (NewChild, NewSuper)))
+        self.assertEqual(False, issubclass(NewChild, ()))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(NewSuper, (NewChild, (NewSuper,))))
+
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(int, (int, (float, int))))
+        self.assertEqual(True, issubclass(str, (str, (Child, NewChild, str))))
+
+    def test_subclass_recursion_limit(self):
+        # make sure that issubclass raises RuntimeError before the C stack is
+        # blown
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, blowstack, issubclass, str, str)
+
+    def test_isinstance_recursion_limit(self):
+        # make sure that issubclass raises RuntimeError before the C stack is
+        # blown
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, blowstack, isinstance, '', str)
+
+def blowstack(fxn, arg, compare_to):
+    # Make sure that calling isinstance with a deeply nested tuple for its
+    # argument will raise RuntimeError eventually.
+    tuple_arg = (compare_to,)
+    for cnt in range(sys.getrecursionlimit()+5):
+        tuple_arg = (tuple_arg,)
+        fxn(arg, tuple_arg)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_libfuturize_fixers.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_libfuturize_fixers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ac0b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_libfuturize_fixers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4413 @@
+""" Test suite for the fixer modules.
+
+Based on lib2to3/tests/test_fixers.py
+
+"""
+# Support code for test_*.py files, from lib2to3/tests/support.py by Collin Winter:
+
+# Python imports
+import sys
+import os
+import os.path
+from itertools import chain
+from textwrap import dedent
+from operator import itemgetter
+from lib2to3 import pygram, pytree, refactor, fixer_util
+from lib2to3.pgen2 import driver
+
+# Local imports
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+from future.builtins import str
+
+
+test_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+proj_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(test_dir, ".."))
+# grammar_path = os.path.join(test_dir, "..", "Grammar.txt")
+# grammar = driver.load_grammar(grammar_path)
+# driver = driver.Driver(grammar, convert=pytree.convert)
+#
+# def parse_string(string):
+#     return driver.parse_string(reformat(string), debug=True)
+
+def run_all_tests(test_mod=None, tests=None):
+    if tests is None:
+        tests = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(test_mod)
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(tests)
+
+def reformat(string):
+    return dedent(string) + u"\n\n"
+
+def get_refactorer(fixer_pkg="lib2to3", fixers=None, options=None):
+    """
+    A convenience function for creating a RefactoringTool for tests.
+
+    fixers is a list of fixers for the RefactoringTool to use. By default
+    "lib2to3.fixes.*" is used. options is an optional dictionary of options to
+    be passed to the RefactoringTool.
+    """
+    if fixers is not None:
+        fixers = [fixer_pkg + ".fixes.fix_" + fix for fix in fixers]
+    else:
+        fixers = refactor.get_fixers_from_package(fixer_pkg + ".fixes")
+    options = options or {}
+    return refactor.RefactoringTool(fixers, options, explicit=True)
+
+def all_project_files():
+    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(proj_dir):
+        for filename in filenames:
+            if filename.endswith(".py"):
+                yield os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+
+
+class FixerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    # Other test cases can subclass this class and replace "fixer_pkg" with
+    # their own.
+    def setUp(self, fix_list=None, fixer_pkg="libfuturize", options=None):
+        if fix_list is None:
+            fix_list = [self.fixer]
+        self.refactor = get_refactorer(fixer_pkg, fix_list, options)
+        self.fixer_log = []
+        self.filename = u"<string>"
+
+        for fixer in chain(self.refactor.pre_order,
+                           self.refactor.post_order):
+            fixer.log = self.fixer_log
+
+    def _check(self, before, after):
+        before = reformat(before)
+        after = reformat(after)
+        tree = self.refactor.refactor_string(before, self.filename)
+        self.assertEqual(after, str(tree))
+        return tree
+
+    def check(self, before, after, ignore_warnings=False):
+        tree = self._check(before, after)
+        self.assertTrue(tree.was_changed)
+        if not ignore_warnings:
+            self.assertEqual(self.fixer_log, [])
+
+    def warns(self, before, after, message, unchanged=False):
+        tree = self._check(before, after)
+        self.assertTrue(message in "".join(self.fixer_log))
+        if not unchanged:
+            self.assertTrue(tree.was_changed)
+
+    def warns_unchanged(self, before, message):
+        self.warns(before, before, message, unchanged=True)
+
+    def unchanged(self, before, ignore_warnings=False):
+        self._check(before, before)
+        if not ignore_warnings:
+            self.assertEqual(self.fixer_log, [])
+
+    def assert_runs_after(self, *names):
+        fixes = [self.fixer]
+        fixes.extend(names)
+        r = get_refactorer("lib2to3", fixes)
+        (pre, post) = r.get_fixers()
+        n = "fix_" + self.fixer
+        if post and post[-1].__class__.__module__.endswith(n):
+            # We're the last fixer to run
+            return
+        if pre and pre[-1].__class__.__module__.endswith(n) and not post:
+            # We're the last in pre and post is empty
+            return
+        self.fail("Fixer run order (%s) is incorrect; %s should be last."\
+               %(", ".join([x.__class__.__module__ for x in (pre+post)]), n))
+
+
+############### EDIT the tests below ...
+#
+# class Test_ne(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "ne"
+#
+#     def test_basic(self):
+#         b = """if x <> y:
+#             pass"""
+#
+#         a = """if x != y:
+#             pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_print(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "print_"
+#
+#     def test_print(self):
+#         b = """print 'Hello world'"""
+#         a = """from __future__ import print_function\nprint('Hello world')"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_apply(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "apply"
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """x = apply(f, g + h)"""
+#         a = """x = f(*g + h)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_intern(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "intern"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =   intern(  a  )"""
+#         a = """import sys\nx =   sys.intern(  a  )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """y = intern("b" # test
+#               )"""
+#         a = """import sys\ny = sys.intern("b" # test
+#               )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """z = intern(a+b+c.d,   )"""
+#         a = """import sys\nz = sys.intern(a+b+c.d,   )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test(self):
+#         b = """x = intern(a)"""
+#         a = """import sys\nx = sys.intern(a)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """z = intern(a+b+c.d,)"""
+#         a = """import sys\nz = sys.intern(a+b+c.d,)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """intern("y%s" % 5).replace("y", "")"""
+#         a = """import sys\nsys.intern("y%s" % 5).replace("y", "")"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     # These should not be refactored
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """intern(a=1)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """intern(f, g)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """intern(*h)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """intern(**i)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """intern()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_reduce(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "reduce"
+#
+#     def test_simple_call(self):
+#         b = "reduce(a, b, c)"
+#         a = "from functools import reduce\nreduce(a, b, c)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_bug_7253(self):
+#         # fix_tuple_params was being bad and orphaning nodes in the tree.
+#         b = "def x(arg): reduce(sum, [])"
+#         a = "from functools import reduce\ndef x(arg): reduce(sum, [])"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_call_with_lambda(self):
+#         b = "reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, seq)"
+#         a = "from functools import reduce\nreduce(lambda x, y: x + y, seq)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = "reduce(a)"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = "reduce(a, b=42)"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = "reduce(a, b, c, d)"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = "reduce(**c)"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = "reduce()"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+
+class Test_print(FixerTestCase):
+    fixer = "print"
+
+    def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+        b = """print 1,   1+1,   1+1+1"""
+        a = """print(1,   1+1,   1+1+1)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_idempotency(self):
+        s = """print()"""
+        self.unchanged(s)
+
+        s = """print('')"""
+        self.unchanged(s)
+
+    def test_idempotency_print_as_function(self):
+        self.refactor.driver.grammar = pygram.python_grammar_no_print_statement
+        s = """print(1, 1+1, 1+1+1)"""
+        self.unchanged(s)
+
+        s = """print()"""
+        self.unchanged(s)
+
+        s = """print('')"""
+        self.unchanged(s)
+
+    def test_1(self):
+        b = """print 1, 1+1, 1+1+1"""
+        a = """print(1, 1+1, 1+1+1)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_2(self):
+        b = """print 1, 2"""
+        a = """print(1, 2)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_3(self):
+        b = """print"""
+        a = """print()"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_4(self):
+        # from bug 3000
+        b = """print whatever; print"""
+        a = """print(whatever); print()"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_5(self):
+        b = """print; print whatever;"""
+        a = """print(); print(whatever);"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tuple(self):
+        b = """print (a, b, c)"""
+        a = """print((a, b, c))"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    # trailing commas
+
+    def test_trailing_comma_1(self):
+        b = """print 1, 2, 3,"""
+        a = """print(1, 2, 3, end=' ')"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_trailing_comma_2(self):
+        b = """print 1, 2,"""
+        a = """print(1, 2, end=' ')"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_trailing_comma_3(self):
+        b = """print 1,"""
+        a = """print(1, end=' ')"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    # >> stuff
+
+    def test_vargs_without_trailing_comma(self):
+        b = """print >>sys.stderr, 1, 2, 3"""
+        a = """print(1, 2, 3, file=sys.stderr)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_with_trailing_comma(self):
+        b = """print >>sys.stderr, 1, 2,"""
+        a = """print(1, 2, end=' ', file=sys.stderr)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_no_trailing_comma(self):
+        b = """print >>sys.stderr, 1+1"""
+        a = """print(1+1, file=sys.stderr)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_spaces_before_file(self):
+        b = """print >>  sys.stderr"""
+        a = """print(file=sys.stderr)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_with_future_print_function(self):
+        s = "from __future__ import print_function\n" \
+            "print('Hai!', end=' ')"
+        self.unchanged(s)
+
+        b = "print 'Hello, world!'"
+        a = "print('Hello, world!')"
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+
+# class Test_exec(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "exec"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """  exec code in ns1,   ns2"""
+#         a = """  exec(code, ns1,   ns2)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_basic(self):
+#         b = """exec code"""
+#         a = """exec(code)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_with_globals(self):
+#         b = """exec code in ns"""
+#         a = """exec(code, ns)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_with_globals_locals(self):
+#         b = """exec code in ns1, ns2"""
+#         a = """exec(code, ns1, ns2)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_complex_1(self):
+#         b = """exec (a.b()) in ns"""
+#         a = """exec((a.b()), ns)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_complex_2(self):
+#         b = """exec a.b() + c in ns"""
+#         a = """exec(a.b() + c, ns)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     # These should not be touched
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_1(self):
+#         s = """exec(code)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_2(self):
+#         s = """exec (code)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_3(self):
+#         s = """exec(code, ns)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_4(self):
+#         s = """exec(code, ns1, ns2)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_repr(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "repr"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =   `1 + 2`"""
+#         a = """x =   repr(1 + 2)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_simple_1(self):
+#         b = """x = `1 + 2`"""
+#         a = """x = repr(1 + 2)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_simple_2(self):
+#         b = """y = `x`"""
+#         a = """y = repr(x)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_complex(self):
+#         b = """z = `y`.__repr__()"""
+#         a = """z = repr(y).__repr__()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tuple(self):
+#         b = """x = `1, 2, 3`"""
+#         a = """x = repr((1, 2, 3))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_nested(self):
+#         b = """x = `1 + `2``"""
+#         a = """x = repr(1 + repr(2))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_nested_tuples(self):
+#         b = """x = `1, 2 + `3, 4``"""
+#         a = """x = repr((1, 2 + repr((3, 4))))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_except(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "except"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except (RuntimeError, ImportError),    e:
+#                 pass"""
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except (RuntimeError, ImportError) as    e:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_simple(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Foo, e:
+#                 pass"""
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Foo as e:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_simple_no_space_before_target(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Foo,e:
+#                 pass"""
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Foo as e:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tuple_unpack(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 try:
+#                     pass
+#                 except Exception, (f, e):
+#                     pass
+#                 except ImportError, e:
+#                     pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 try:
+#                     pass
+#                 except Exception as xxx_todo_changeme:
+#                     (f, e) = xxx_todo_changeme.args
+#                     pass
+#                 except ImportError as e:
+#                     pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_multi_class(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except (RuntimeError, ImportError), e:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except (RuntimeError, ImportError) as e:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_list_unpack(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception, [a, b]:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception as xxx_todo_changeme:
+#                 [a, b] = xxx_todo_changeme.args
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_weird_target_1(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception, d[5]:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception as xxx_todo_changeme:
+#                 d[5] = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_weird_target_2(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception, a.foo:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception as xxx_todo_changeme:
+#                 a.foo = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_weird_target_3(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception, a().foo:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception as xxx_todo_changeme:
+#                 a().foo = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_bare_except(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception, a:
+#                 pass
+#             except:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception as a:
+#                 pass
+#             except:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_bare_except_and_else_finally(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception, a:
+#                 pass
+#             except:
+#                 pass
+#             else:
+#                 pass
+#             finally:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception as a:
+#                 pass
+#             except:
+#                 pass
+#             else:
+#                 pass
+#             finally:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_multi_fixed_excepts_before_bare_except(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except TypeError, b:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception, a:
+#                 pass
+#             except:
+#                 pass"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except TypeError as b:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception as a:
+#                 pass
+#             except:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_one_line_suites(self):
+#         b = """
+#             try: raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError, e:
+#                 pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             try: raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError as e:
+#                 pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#         b = """
+#             try:
+#                 raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError, e: pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             try:
+#                 raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError as e: pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#         b = """
+#             try: raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError, e: pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             try: raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError as e: pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#         b = """
+#             try: raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError, e: pass
+#             else: function()
+#             finally: done()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             try: raise TypeError
+#             except TypeError as e: pass
+#             else: function()
+#             finally: done()
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     # These should not be touched:
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except Exception:
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_3(self):
+#         s = """
+#             try:
+#                 pass
+#             except (Exception, SystemExit):
+#                 pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+
+class Test_raise(FixerTestCase):
+    fixer = "raise"
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        b = """raise Exception, 5"""
+        a = """raise Exception(5)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+        b = """raise Exception,5"""
+        a = """raise Exception(5)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+        b = """raise   Exception,    5"""
+        a = """raise   Exception(5)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_with_comments(self):
+        b = """raise Exception, 5 # foo"""
+        a = """raise Exception(5) # foo"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+        b = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception, 5, 6 # foo"""
+        a = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception(5).with_traceback(6) # foo"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_None_value(self):
+        b = """raise Exception(5), None, tb"""
+        a = """raise Exception(5).with_traceback(tb)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tuple_value(self):
+        b = """raise Exception, (5, 6, 7)"""
+        a = """raise Exception(5, 6, 7)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tuple_exc_1(self):
+        b = """raise (((E1, E2), E3), E4), 5"""
+        a = """raise E1(5)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tuple_exc_2(self):
+        b = """raise (E1, (E2, E3), E4), 5"""
+        a = """raise E1(5)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_unknown_value(self):
+        b = """
+        raise E, V"""
+        a = """
+        from future.utils import raise_
+        raise_(E, V)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_unknown_value_with_traceback_with_comments(self):
+        b = """
+        raise E, Func(arg1, arg2, arg3), tb # foo"""
+        a = """
+        from future.utils import raise_
+        raise_(E, Func(arg1, arg2, arg3), tb) # foo"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    # These should produce a warning
+
+    def test_string_exc(self):
+        s = """raise 'foo'"""
+        self.warns_unchanged(s, "Python 3 does not support string exceptions")
+
+    def test_string_exc_val(self):
+        s = """raise "foo", 5"""
+        self.warns_unchanged(s, "Python 3 does not support string exceptions")
+
+    def test_string_exc_val_tb(self):
+        s = """raise "foo", 5, 6"""
+        self.warns_unchanged(s, "Python 3 does not support string exceptions")
+
+    # These should result in traceback-assignment
+
+    def test_tb_1(self):
+        b = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception, 5, 6"""
+        a = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception(5).with_traceback(6)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tb_2(self):
+        b = """def foo():
+                    a = 5
+                    raise Exception, 5, 6
+                    b = 6"""
+        a = """def foo():
+                    a = 5
+                    raise Exception(5).with_traceback(6)
+                    b = 6"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tb_3(self):
+        b = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception,5,6"""
+        a = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception(5).with_traceback(6)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tb_4(self):
+        b = """def foo():
+                    a = 5
+                    raise Exception,5,6
+                    b = 6"""
+        a = """def foo():
+                    a = 5
+                    raise Exception(5).with_traceback(6)
+                    b = 6"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tb_5(self):
+        b = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception, (5, 6, 7), 6"""
+        a = """def foo():
+                    raise Exception(5, 6, 7).with_traceback(6)"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+
+    def test_tb_6(self):
+        b = """def foo():
+                    a = 5
+                    raise Exception, (5, 6, 7), 6
+                    b = 6"""
+        a = """def foo():
+                    a = 5
+                    raise Exception(5, 6, 7).with_traceback(6)
+                    b = 6"""
+        self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_throw(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "throw"
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """g.throw(Exception, 5)"""
+#         a = """g.throw(Exception(5))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """g.throw(Exception,5)"""
+#         a = """g.throw(Exception(5))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = """g.throw(Exception, (5, 6, 7))"""
+#         a = """g.throw(Exception(5, 6, 7))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_4(self):
+#         b = """5 + g.throw(Exception, 5)"""
+#         a = """5 + g.throw(Exception(5))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     # These should produce warnings
+#
+#     def test_warn_1(self):
+#         s = """g.throw("foo")"""
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Python 3 does not support string exceptions")
+#
+#     def test_warn_2(self):
+#         s = """g.throw("foo", 5)"""
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Python 3 does not support string exceptions")
+#
+#     def test_warn_3(self):
+#         s = """g.throw("foo", 5, 6)"""
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Python 3 does not support string exceptions")
+#
+#     # These should not be touched
+#
+#     def test_untouched_1(self):
+#         s = """g.throw(Exception)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_untouched_2(self):
+#         s = """g.throw(Exception(5, 6))"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_untouched_3(self):
+#         s = """5 + g.throw(Exception(5, 6))"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     # These should result in traceback-assignment
+#
+#     def test_tb_1(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     g.throw(Exception, 5, 6)"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     g.throw(Exception(5).with_traceback(6))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tb_2(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     g.throw(Exception, 5, 6)
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     g.throw(Exception(5).with_traceback(6))
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tb_3(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     g.throw(Exception,5,6)"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     g.throw(Exception(5).with_traceback(6))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tb_4(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     g.throw(Exception,5,6)
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     g.throw(Exception(5).with_traceback(6))
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tb_5(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     g.throw(Exception, (5, 6, 7), 6)"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     g.throw(Exception(5, 6, 7).with_traceback(6))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tb_6(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     g.throw(Exception, (5, 6, 7), 6)
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     g.throw(Exception(5, 6, 7).with_traceback(6))
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tb_7(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     a + g.throw(Exception, 5, 6)"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     a + g.throw(Exception(5).with_traceback(6))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_tb_8(self):
+#         b = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     a + g.throw(Exception, 5, 6)
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         a = """def foo():
+#                     a = 5
+#                     a + g.throw(Exception(5).with_traceback(6))
+#                     b = 6"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_long(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "long"
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """x = long(x)"""
+#         a = """x = int(x)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """y = isinstance(x, long)"""
+#         a = """y = isinstance(x, int)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = """z = type(x) in (int, long)"""
+#         a = """z = type(x) in (int, int)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """long = True"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """s.long = True"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """def long(): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """class long(): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """def f(long): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """def f(g, long): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """def f(x, long=True): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =   long(  x  )"""
+#         a = """x =   int(  x  )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_execfile(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "execfile"
+#
+#     def test_conversion(self):
+#         b = """execfile("fn")"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open("fn").read(), "fn", 'exec'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """execfile("fn", glob)"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open("fn").read(), "fn", 'exec'), glob)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """execfile("fn", glob, loc)"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open("fn").read(), "fn", 'exec'), glob, loc)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """execfile("fn", globals=glob)"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open("fn").read(), "fn", 'exec'), globals=glob)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """execfile("fn", locals=loc)"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open("fn").read(), "fn", 'exec'), locals=loc)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """execfile("fn", globals=glob, locals=loc)"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open("fn").read(), "fn", 'exec'), globals=glob, locals=loc)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_spacing(self):
+#         b = """execfile( "fn" )"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open( "fn" ).read(), "fn", 'exec'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """execfile("fn",  globals = glob)"""
+#         a = """exec(compile(open("fn").read(), "fn", 'exec'),  globals = glob)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_isinstance(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "isinstance"
+#
+#     def test_remove_multiple_items(self):
+#         b = """isinstance(x, (int, int, int))"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, int)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """isinstance(x, (int, float, int, int, float))"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, (int, float))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """isinstance(x, (int, float, int, int, float, str))"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, (int, float, str))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """isinstance(foo() + bar(), (x(), y(), x(), int, int))"""
+#         a = """isinstance(foo() + bar(), (x(), y(), x(), int))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """if    isinstance(  foo(), (  bar, bar, baz )) : pass"""
+#         a = """if    isinstance(  foo(), (  bar, baz )) : pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         self.unchanged("isinstance(x, (str, int))")
+#
+# class Test_dict(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "dict"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = "if   d. keys  (  )  : pass"
+#         a = "if   list(d. keys  (  ))  : pass"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "if   d. items  (  )  : pass"
+#         a = "if   list(d. items  (  ))  : pass"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "if   d. iterkeys  ( )  : pass"
+#         a = "if   iter(d. keys  ( ))  : pass"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "[i for i in    d.  iterkeys(  )  ]"
+#         a = "[i for i in    d.  keys(  )  ]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "if   d. viewkeys  ( )  : pass"
+#         a = "if   d. keys  ( )  : pass"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "[i for i in    d.  viewkeys(  )  ]"
+#         a = "[i for i in    d.  keys(  )  ]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_trailing_comment(self):
+#         b = "d.keys() # foo"
+#         a = "list(d.keys()) # foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "d.items()  # foo"
+#         a = "list(d.items())  # foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "d.iterkeys()  # foo"
+#         a = "iter(d.keys())  # foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """[i for i in d.iterkeys() # foo
+#                ]"""
+#         a = """[i for i in d.keys() # foo
+#                ]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """[i for i in d.iterkeys() # foo
+#                ]"""
+#         a = """[i for i in d.keys() # foo
+#                ]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "d.viewitems()  # foo"
+#         a = "d.items()  # foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         for wrapper in fixer_util.consuming_calls:
+#             s = "s = %s(d.keys())" % wrapper
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             s = "s = %s(d.values())" % wrapper
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             s = "s = %s(d.items())" % wrapper
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_01(self):
+#         b = "d.keys()"
+#         a = "list(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "a[0].foo().keys()"
+#         a = "list(a[0].foo().keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_02(self):
+#         b = "d.items()"
+#         a = "list(d.items())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_03(self):
+#         b = "d.values()"
+#         a = "list(d.values())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_04(self):
+#         b = "d.iterkeys()"
+#         a = "iter(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_05(self):
+#         b = "d.iteritems()"
+#         a = "iter(d.items())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_06(self):
+#         b = "d.itervalues()"
+#         a = "iter(d.values())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_07(self):
+#         s = "list(d.keys())"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_08(self):
+#         s = "sorted(d.keys())"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_09(self):
+#         b = "iter(d.keys())"
+#         a = "iter(list(d.keys()))"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_10(self):
+#         b = "foo(d.keys())"
+#         a = "foo(list(d.keys()))"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_11(self):
+#         b = "for i in d.keys(): print i"
+#         a = "for i in list(d.keys()): print i"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_12(self):
+#         b = "for i in d.iterkeys(): print i"
+#         a = "for i in d.keys(): print i"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_13(self):
+#         b = "[i for i in d.keys()]"
+#         a = "[i for i in list(d.keys())]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_14(self):
+#         b = "[i for i in d.iterkeys()]"
+#         a = "[i for i in d.keys()]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_15(self):
+#         b = "(i for i in d.keys())"
+#         a = "(i for i in list(d.keys()))"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_16(self):
+#         b = "(i for i in d.iterkeys())"
+#         a = "(i for i in d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_17(self):
+#         b = "iter(d.iterkeys())"
+#         a = "iter(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_18(self):
+#         b = "list(d.iterkeys())"
+#         a = "list(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_19(self):
+#         b = "sorted(d.iterkeys())"
+#         a = "sorted(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_20(self):
+#         b = "foo(d.iterkeys())"
+#         a = "foo(iter(d.keys()))"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_21(self):
+#         b = "print h.iterkeys().next()"
+#         a = "print iter(h.keys()).next()"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_22(self):
+#         b = "print h.keys()[0]"
+#         a = "print list(h.keys())[0]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_23(self):
+#         b = "print list(h.iterkeys().next())"
+#         a = "print list(iter(h.keys()).next())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_24(self):
+#         b = "for x in h.keys()[0]: print x"
+#         a = "for x in list(h.keys())[0]: print x"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_25(self):
+#         b = "d.viewkeys()"
+#         a = "d.keys()"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_26(self):
+#         b = "d.viewitems()"
+#         a = "d.items()"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_27(self):
+#         b = "d.viewvalues()"
+#         a = "d.values()"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_14(self):
+#         b = "[i for i in d.viewkeys()]"
+#         a = "[i for i in d.keys()]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_15(self):
+#         b = "(i for i in d.viewkeys())"
+#         a = "(i for i in d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_17(self):
+#         b = "iter(d.viewkeys())"
+#         a = "iter(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_18(self):
+#         b = "list(d.viewkeys())"
+#         a = "list(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_19(self):
+#         b = "sorted(d.viewkeys())"
+#         a = "sorted(d.keys())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_xrange(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "xrange"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =    xrange(  10  )"""
+#         a = """x =    range(  10  )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = xrange(  1  ,  10   )"""
+#         a = """x = range(  1  ,  10   )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = xrange(  0  ,  10 ,  2 )"""
+#         a = """x = range(  0  ,  10 ,  2 )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_single_arg(self):
+#         b = """x = xrange(10)"""
+#         a = """x = range(10)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_two_args(self):
+#         b = """x = xrange(1, 10)"""
+#         a = """x = range(1, 10)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_three_args(self):
+#         b = """x = xrange(0, 10, 2)"""
+#         a = """x = range(0, 10, 2)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_wrap_in_list(self):
+#         b = """x = range(10, 3, 9)"""
+#         a = """x = list(range(10, 3, 9))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = foo(range(10, 3, 9))"""
+#         a = """x = foo(list(range(10, 3, 9)))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = range(10, 3, 9) + [4]"""
+#         a = """x = list(range(10, 3, 9)) + [4]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = range(10)[::-1]"""
+#         a = """x = list(range(10))[::-1]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = range(10)  [3]"""
+#         a = """x = list(range(10))  [3]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_xrange_in_for(self):
+#         b = """for i in xrange(10):\n    j=i"""
+#         a = """for i in range(10):\n    j=i"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """[i for i in xrange(10)]"""
+#         a = """[i for i in range(10)]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_range_in_for(self):
+#         self.unchanged("for i in range(10): pass")
+#         self.unchanged("[i for i in range(10)]")
+#
+#     def test_in_contains_test(self):
+#         self.unchanged("x in range(10, 3, 9)")
+#
+#     def test_in_consuming_context(self):
+#         for call in fixer_util.consuming_calls:
+#             self.unchanged("a = %s(range(10))" % call)
+#
+# class Test_xrange_with_reduce(FixerTestCase):
+#
+#     def setUp(self):
+#         super(Test_xrange_with_reduce, self).setUp(["xrange", "reduce"])
+#
+#     def test_double_transform(self):
+#         b = """reduce(x, xrange(5))"""
+#         a = """from functools import reduce
+# reduce(x, range(5))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_raw_input(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "raw_input"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =    raw_input(   )"""
+#         a = """x =    input(   )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = raw_input(   ''   )"""
+#         a = """x = input(   ''   )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """x = raw_input()"""
+#         a = """x = input()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """x = raw_input('')"""
+#         a = """x = input('')"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = """x = raw_input('prompt')"""
+#         a = """x = input('prompt')"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_4(self):
+#         b = """x = raw_input(foo(a) + 6)"""
+#         a = """x = input(foo(a) + 6)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_5(self):
+#         b = """x = raw_input(invite).split()"""
+#         a = """x = input(invite).split()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_6(self):
+#         b = """x = raw_input(invite) . split ()"""
+#         a = """x = input(invite) . split ()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_8(self):
+#         b = "x = int(raw_input())"
+#         a = "x = int(input())"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_funcattrs(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "funcattrs"
+#
+#     attrs = ["closure", "doc", "name", "defaults", "code", "globals", "dict"]
+#
+#     def test(self):
+#         for attr in self.attrs:
+#             b = "a.func_%s" % attr
+#             a = "a.__%s__" % attr
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "self.foo.func_%s.foo_bar" % attr
+#             a = "self.foo.__%s__.foo_bar" % attr
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         for attr in self.attrs:
+#             s = "foo(func_%s + 5)" % attr
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             s = "f(foo.__%s__)" % attr
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             s = "f(foo.__%s__.foo)" % attr
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_xreadlines(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "xreadlines"
+#
+#     def test_call(self):
+#         b = "for x in f.xreadlines(): pass"
+#         a = "for x in f: pass"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "for x in foo().xreadlines(): pass"
+#         a = "for x in foo(): pass"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "for x in (5 + foo()).xreadlines(): pass"
+#         a = "for x in (5 + foo()): pass"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_attr_ref(self):
+#         b = "foo(f.xreadlines + 5)"
+#         a = "foo(f.__iter__ + 5)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "foo(f().xreadlines + 5)"
+#         a = "foo(f().__iter__ + 5)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "foo((5 + f()).xreadlines + 5)"
+#         a = "foo((5 + f()).__iter__ + 5)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = "for x in f.xreadlines(5): pass"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = "for x in f.xreadlines(k=5): pass"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = "for x in f.xreadlines(*k, **v): pass"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = "foo(xreadlines)"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#
+# class ImportsFixerTests:
+#
+#     def test_import_module(self):
+#         for old, new in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "import %s" % old
+#             a = "import %s" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "import foo, %s, bar" % old
+#             a = "import foo, %s, bar" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_from(self):
+#         for old, new in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "from %s import foo" % old
+#             a = "from %s import foo" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "from %s import foo, bar" % old
+#             a = "from %s import foo, bar" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "from %s import (yes, no)" % old
+#             a = "from %s import (yes, no)" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_module_as(self):
+#         for old, new in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "import %s as foo_bar" % old
+#             a = "import %s as foo_bar" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "import %s as foo_bar" % old
+#             a = "import %s as foo_bar" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_from_as(self):
+#         for old, new in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "from %s import foo as bar" % old
+#             a = "from %s import foo as bar" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_star(self):
+#         for old, new in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "from %s import *" % old
+#             a = "from %s import *" % new
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_module_usage(self):
+#         for old, new in self.modules.items():
+#             b = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 foo(%s.bar)
+#                 """ % (old, old)
+#             a = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 foo(%s.bar)
+#                 """ % (new, new)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = """
+#                 from %s import x
+#                 %s = 23
+#                 """ % (old, old)
+#             a = """
+#                 from %s import x
+#                 %s = 23
+#                 """ % (new, old)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             s = """
+#                 def f():
+#                     %s.method()
+#                 """ % (old,)
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             # test nested usage
+#             b = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 %s.bar(%s.foo)
+#                 """ % (old, old, old)
+#             a = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 %s.bar(%s.foo)
+#                 """ % (new, new, new)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 x.%s
+#                 """ % (old, old)
+#             a = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 x.%s
+#                 """ % (new, old)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_imports(FixerTestCase, ImportsFixerTests):
+#     fixer = "imports"
+#
+#     def test_multiple_imports(self):
+#         b = """import urlparse, cStringIO"""
+#         a = """import urllib.parse, io"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_multiple_imports_as(self):
+#         b = """
+#             import copy_reg as bar, HTMLParser as foo, urlparse
+#             s = urlparse.spam(bar.foo())
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             import copyreg as bar, html.parser as foo, urllib.parse
+#             s = urllib.parse.spam(bar.foo())
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_imports2(FixerTestCase, ImportsFixerTests):
+#     fixer = "imports2"
+#
+#
+# class Test_imports_fixer_order(FixerTestCase, ImportsFixerTests):
+#
+#     def setUp(self):
+#         super(Test_imports_fixer_order, self).setUp(['imports', 'imports2'])
+#         from ..fixes.fix_imports2 import MAPPING as mapping2
+#         self.modules = mapping2.copy()
+#         from ..fixes.fix_imports import MAPPING as mapping1
+#         for key in ('dbhash', 'dumbdbm', 'dbm', 'gdbm'):
+#             self.modules[key] = mapping1[key]
+#
+#     def test_after_local_imports_refactoring(self):
+#         for fix in ("imports", "imports2"):
+#             self.fixer = fix
+#             self.assert_runs_after("import")
+#
+#
+# class Test_urllib(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "urllib"
+#     from ..fixes.fix_urllib import MAPPING as modules
+#
+#     def test_import_module(self):
+#         for old, changes in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "import %s" % old
+#             a = "import %s" % ", ".join(map(itemgetter(0), changes))
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_from(self):
+#         for old, changes in self.modules.items():
+#             all_members = []
+#             for new, members in changes:
+#                 for member in members:
+#                     all_members.append(member)
+#                     b = "from %s import %s" % (old, member)
+#                     a = "from %s import %s" % (new, member)
+#                     self.check(b, a)
+#
+#                     s = "from foo import %s" % member
+#                     self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#                 b = "from %s import %s" % (old, ", ".join(members))
+#                 a = "from %s import %s" % (new, ", ".join(members))
+#                 self.check(b, a)
+#
+#                 s = "from foo import %s" % ", ".join(members)
+#                 self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             # test the breaking of a module into multiple replacements
+#             b = "from %s import %s" % (old, ", ".join(all_members))
+#             a = "\n".join(["from %s import %s" % (new, ", ".join(members))
+#                             for (new, members) in changes])
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_module_as(self):
+#         for old in self.modules:
+#             s = "import %s as foo" % old
+#             self.warns_unchanged(s, "This module is now multiple modules")
+#
+#     def test_import_from_as(self):
+#         for old, changes in self.modules.items():
+#             for new, members in changes:
+#                 for member in members:
+#                     b = "from %s import %s as foo_bar" % (old, member)
+#                     a = "from %s import %s as foo_bar" % (new, member)
+#                     self.check(b, a)
+#                     b = "from %s import %s as blah, %s" % (old, member, member)
+#                     a = "from %s import %s as blah, %s" % (new, member, member)
+#                     self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_star(self):
+#         for old in self.modules:
+#             s = "from %s import *" % old
+#             self.warns_unchanged(s, "Cannot handle star imports")
+#
+#     def test_indented(self):
+#         b = """
+# def foo():
+#     from urllib import urlencode, urlopen
+# """
+#         a = """
+# def foo():
+#     from urllib.parse import urlencode
+#     from urllib.request import urlopen
+# """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+# def foo():
+#     other()
+#     from urllib import urlencode, urlopen
+# """
+#         a = """
+# def foo():
+#     other()
+#     from urllib.parse import urlencode
+#     from urllib.request import urlopen
+# """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+#
+#     def test_import_module_usage(self):
+#         for old, changes in self.modules.items():
+#             for new, members in changes:
+#                 for member in members:
+#                     new_import = ", ".join([n for (n, mems)
+#                                             in self.modules[old]])
+#                     b = """
+#                         import %s
+#                         foo(%s.%s)
+#                         """ % (old, old, member)
+#                     a = """
+#                         import %s
+#                         foo(%s.%s)
+#                         """ % (new_import, new, member)
+#                     self.check(b, a)
+#                     b = """
+#                         import %s
+#                         %s.%s(%s.%s)
+#                         """ % (old, old, member, old, member)
+#                     a = """
+#                         import %s
+#                         %s.%s(%s.%s)
+#                         """ % (new_import, new, member, new, member)
+#                     self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_input(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "input"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =   input(   )"""
+#         a = """x =   eval(input(   ))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = input(   ''   )"""
+#         a = """x = eval(input(   ''   ))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_trailing_comment(self):
+#         b = """x = input()  #  foo"""
+#         a = """x = eval(input())  #  foo"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_idempotency(self):
+#         s = """x = eval(input())"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """x = eval(input(''))"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """x = eval(input(foo(5) + 9))"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """x = input()"""
+#         a = """x = eval(input())"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """x = input('')"""
+#         a = """x = eval(input(''))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = """x = input('prompt')"""
+#         a = """x = eval(input('prompt'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_4(self):
+#         b = """x = input(foo(5) + 9)"""
+#         a = """x = eval(input(foo(5) + 9))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_tuple_params(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "tuple_params"
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_1(self):
+#         s = """def foo(): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_2(self):
+#         s = """def foo(a, b, c): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_3(self):
+#         s = """def foo(a=3, b=4, c=5): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c)):
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme):
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c), d):
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme, d):
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c), d) -> e:
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme, d) -> e:
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_semicolon(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c)): x = 5; y = 7"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme): ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme; x = 5; y = 7"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_keywords(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c), d, e=5) -> z:
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme, d, e=5) -> z:
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_varargs(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c), d, *vargs, **kwargs) -> z:
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme, d, *vargs, **kwargs) -> z:
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_multi_1(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c), (d, e, f)) -> z:
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme, xxx_todo_changeme1) -> z:
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 (d, e, f) = xxx_todo_changeme1
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_multi_2(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(x, ((a, b), c), d, (e, f, g), y) -> z:
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(x, xxx_todo_changeme, d, xxx_todo_changeme1, y) -> z:
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 (e, f, g) = xxx_todo_changeme1
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_docstring(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def foo(((a, b), c), (d, e, f)) -> z:
+#                 "foo foo foo foo"
+#                 x = 5"""
+#
+#         a = """
+#             def foo(xxx_todo_changeme, xxx_todo_changeme1) -> z:
+#                 "foo foo foo foo"
+#                 ((a, b), c) = xxx_todo_changeme
+#                 (d, e, f) = xxx_todo_changeme1
+#                 x = 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_no_change(self):
+#         s = """lambda x: x + 5"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_parens_single_arg(self):
+#         b = """lambda (x): x + 5"""
+#         a = """lambda x: x + 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda(x): x + 5"""
+#         a = """lambda x: x + 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda ((((x)))): x + 5"""
+#         a = """lambda x: x + 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda((((x)))): x + 5"""
+#         a = """lambda x: x + 5"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_simple(self):
+#         b = """lambda (x, y): x + f(y)"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y: x_y[0] + f(x_y[1])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda(x, y): x + f(y)"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y: x_y[0] + f(x_y[1])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda (((x, y))): x + f(y)"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y: x_y[0] + f(x_y[1])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda(((x, y))): x + f(y)"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y: x_y[0] + f(x_y[1])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_one_tuple(self):
+#         b = """lambda (x,): x + f(x)"""
+#         a = """lambda x1: x1[0] + f(x1[0])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda (((x,))): x + f(x)"""
+#         a = """lambda x1: x1[0] + f(x1[0])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_simple_multi_use(self):
+#         b = """lambda (x, y): x + x + f(x) + x"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y: x_y[0] + x_y[0] + f(x_y[0]) + x_y[0]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_simple_reverse(self):
+#         b = """lambda (x, y): y + x"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y: x_y[1] + x_y[0]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_nested(self):
+#         b = """lambda (x, (y, z)): x + y + z"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y_z: x_y_z[0] + x_y_z[1][0] + x_y_z[1][1]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """lambda (((x, (y, z)))): x + y + z"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y_z: x_y_z[0] + x_y_z[1][0] + x_y_z[1][1]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_lambda_nested_multi_use(self):
+#         b = """lambda (x, (y, z)): x + y + f(y)"""
+#         a = """lambda x_y_z: x_y_z[0] + x_y_z[1][0] + f(x_y_z[1][0])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_methodattrs(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "methodattrs"
+#
+#     attrs = ["func", "self", "class"]
+#
+#     def test(self):
+#         for attr in self.attrs:
+#             b = "a.im_%s" % attr
+#             if attr == "class":
+#                 a = "a.__self__.__class__"
+#             else:
+#                 a = "a.__%s__" % attr
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "self.foo.im_%s.foo_bar" % attr
+#             if attr == "class":
+#                 a = "self.foo.__self__.__class__.foo_bar"
+#             else:
+#                 a = "self.foo.__%s__.foo_bar" % attr
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         for attr in self.attrs:
+#             s = "foo(im_%s + 5)" % attr
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             s = "f(foo.__%s__)" % attr
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#             s = "f(foo.__%s__.foo)" % attr
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_next(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "next"
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """it.next()"""
+#         a = """next(it)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """a.b.c.d.next()"""
+#         a = """next(a.b.c.d)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = """(a + b).next()"""
+#         a = """next((a + b))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_4(self):
+#         b = """a().next()"""
+#         a = """next(a())"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_5(self):
+#         b = """a().next() + b"""
+#         a = """next(a()) + b"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_6(self):
+#         b = """c(      a().next() + b)"""
+#         a = """c(      next(a()) + b)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation_1(self):
+#         b = """
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a)
+#                 a.next()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a)
+#                 next(a)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation_2(self):
+#         b = """
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a) # abc
+#                 # def
+#                 a.next()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a) # abc
+#                 # def
+#                 next(a)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation_3(self):
+#         b = """
+#             next = 5
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a)
+#                 a.next()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             next = 5
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a)
+#                 a.__next__()
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a, ignore_warnings=True)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation_4(self):
+#         b = """
+#             next = 5
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a) # abc
+#                 # def
+#                 a.next()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             next = 5
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(a) # abc
+#                 # def
+#                 a.__next__()
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a, ignore_warnings=True)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation_5(self):
+#         b = """
+#             next = 5
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(foo(a), # abc
+#                     a.next())
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             next = 5
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(foo(a), # abc
+#                     a.__next__())
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a, ignore_warnings=True)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation_6(self):
+#         b = """
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(foo(a), # abc
+#                     a.next())
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             for a in b:
+#                 foo(foo(a), # abc
+#                     next(a))
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_method_1(self):
+#         b = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def __next__(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_method_2(self):
+#         b = """
+#             class A(object):
+#                 def next(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             class A(object):
+#                 def __next__(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_method_3(self):
+#         b = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(x):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def __next__(x):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_method_4(self):
+#         b = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def __init__(self, foo):
+#                     self.foo = foo
+#
+#                 def next(self):
+#                     pass
+#
+#                 def __iter__(self):
+#                     return self
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def __init__(self, foo):
+#                     self.foo = foo
+#
+#                 def __next__(self):
+#                     pass
+#
+#                 def __iter__(self):
+#                     return self
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_method_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_assign_simple(self):
+#         s = """
+#             next = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_assign_tuple_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             (next, a) = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_assign_tuple_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             (a, (b, (next, c)), a) = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_assign_list_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             [next, a] = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_assign_list_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             [a, [b, [next, c]], a] = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_builtin_assign(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 __builtin__.next = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_builtin_assign_in_tuple(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 (a, __builtin__.next) = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_builtin_assign_in_list(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 [a, __builtin__.next] = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_assign_to_next(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 A.next = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_assign_to_next_in_tuple(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 (a, A.next) = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_assign_to_next_in_list(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def foo():
+#                 [a, A.next] = foo
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_import_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             import foo.bar as next
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_import_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             import bar, bar.foo as next
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_import_3(self):
+#         s = """
+#             import bar, bar.foo as next, baz
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_import_from_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             from x import next
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_import_from_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             from x.a import next
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_import_from_3(self):
+#         s = """
+#             from x import a, next, b
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_import_from_4(self):
+#         s = """
+#             from x.a import a, next, b
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_funcdef_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def next(a):
+#                 pass
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self, a, b):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_funcdef_2(self):
+#         b = """
+#             def next(a):
+#                 pass
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def next(self):
+#                     pass
+#
+#             it.next()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             def next(a):
+#                 pass
+#
+#             class A:
+#                 def __next__(self):
+#                     pass
+#
+#             it.__next__()
+#             """
+#         self.warns(b, a, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_global_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def f():
+#                 global next
+#                 next = 5
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_global_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def f():
+#                 global a, next, b
+#                 next = 5
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_for_simple(self):
+#         s = """
+#             for next in it():
+#                 pass
+#
+#             b = 5
+#             c = 6
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_for_tuple_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             for next, b in it():
+#                 pass
+#
+#             b = 5
+#             c = 6
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_shadowing_for_tuple_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             for a, (next, c), b in it():
+#                 pass
+#
+#             b = 5
+#             c = 6
+#             """
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "Calls to builtin next() possibly shadowed")
+#
+#     def test_noncall_access_1(self):
+#         b = """gnext = g.next"""
+#         a = """gnext = g.__next__"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_noncall_access_2(self):
+#         b = """f(g.next + 5)"""
+#         a = """f(g.__next__ + 5)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_noncall_access_3(self):
+#         b = """f(g().next + 5)"""
+#         a = """f(g().__next__ + 5)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_nonzero(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "nonzero"
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def __nonzero__(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             class A:
+#                 def __bool__(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """
+#             class A(object):
+#                 def __nonzero__(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             class A(object):
+#                 def __bool__(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_1(self):
+#         s = """
+#             class A(object):
+#                 def __bool__(self):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_2(self):
+#         s = """
+#             class A(object):
+#                 def __nonzero__(self, a):
+#                     pass
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_func(self):
+#         s = """
+#             def __nonzero__(self):
+#                 pass
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_numliterals(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "numliterals"
+#
+#     def test_octal_1(self):
+#         b = """0755"""
+#         a = """0o755"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_long_int_1(self):
+#         b = """a = 12L"""
+#         a = """a = 12"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_long_int_2(self):
+#         b = """a = 12l"""
+#         a = """a = 12"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_long_hex(self):
+#         b = """b = 0x12l"""
+#         a = """b = 0x12"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_comments_and_spacing(self):
+#         b = """b =   0x12L"""
+#         a = """b =   0x12"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """b = 0755 # spam"""
+#         a = """b = 0o755 # spam"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_int(self):
+#         s = """5"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_float(self):
+#         s = """5.0"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_octal(self):
+#         s = """0o755"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_hex(self):
+#         s = """0xABC"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_exp(self):
+#         s = """5.0e10"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_complex_int(self):
+#         s = """5 + 4j"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_complex_float(self):
+#         s = """5.4 + 4.9j"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_complex_bare(self):
+#         s = """4j"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#         s = """4.4j"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_renames(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "renames"
+#
+#     modules = {"sys":  ("maxint", "maxsize"),
+#               }
+#
+#     def test_import_from(self):
+#         for mod, (old, new) in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "from %s import %s" % (mod, old)
+#             a = "from %s import %s" % (mod, new)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             s = "from foo import %s" % old
+#             self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_import_from_as(self):
+#         for mod, (old, new) in self.modules.items():
+#             b = "from %s import %s as foo_bar" % (mod, old)
+#             a = "from %s import %s as foo_bar" % (mod, new)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_module_usage(self):
+#         for mod, (old, new) in self.modules.items():
+#             b = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 foo(%s, %s.%s)
+#                 """ % (mod, mod, mod, old)
+#             a = """
+#                 import %s
+#                 foo(%s, %s.%s)
+#                 """ % (mod, mod, mod, new)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def XXX_test_from_import_usage(self):
+#         # not implemented yet
+#         for mod, (old, new) in self.modules.items():
+#             b = """
+#                 from %s import %s
+#                 foo(%s, %s)
+#                 """ % (mod, old, mod, old)
+#             a = """
+#                 from %s import %s
+#                 foo(%s, %s)
+#                 """ % (mod, new, mod, new)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_unicode(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "unicode"
+#
+#     def test_whitespace(self):
+#         b = """unicode( x)"""
+#         a = """str( x)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """ unicode(x )"""
+#         a = """ str(x )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """ u'h'"""
+#         a = """ 'h'"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unicode_call(self):
+#         b = """unicode(x, y, z)"""
+#         a = """str(x, y, z)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unichr(self):
+#         b = """unichr(u'h')"""
+#         a = """chr('h')"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unicode_literal_1(self):
+#         b = '''u"x"'''
+#         a = '''"x"'''
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unicode_literal_2(self):
+#         b = """ur'x'"""
+#         a = """r'x'"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unicode_literal_3(self):
+#         b = """UR'''x''' """
+#         a = """R'''x''' """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_callable(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "callable"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """callable(    x)"""
+#         a = """import collections\nisinstance(    x, collections.Callable)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if     callable(x): pass"""
+#         a = """import collections
+# if     isinstance(x, collections.Callable): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_callable_call(self):
+#         b = """callable(x)"""
+#         a = """import collections\nisinstance(x, collections.Callable)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_global_import(self):
+#         b = """
+# def spam(foo):
+#     callable(foo)"""[1:]
+#         a = """
+# import collections
+# def spam(foo):
+#     isinstance(foo, collections.Callable)"""[1:]
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+# import collections
+# def spam(foo):
+#     callable(foo)"""[1:]
+#         # same output if it was already imported
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+# from collections import *
+# def spam(foo):
+#     callable(foo)"""[1:]
+#         a = """
+# from collections import *
+# import collections
+# def spam(foo):
+#     isinstance(foo, collections.Callable)"""[1:]
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+# do_stuff()
+# do_some_other_stuff()
+# assert callable(do_stuff)"""[1:]
+#         a = """
+# import collections
+# do_stuff()
+# do_some_other_stuff()
+# assert isinstance(do_stuff, collections.Callable)"""[1:]
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+# if isinstance(do_stuff, Callable):
+#     assert callable(do_stuff)
+#     do_stuff(do_stuff)
+#     if not callable(do_stuff):
+#         exit(1)
+#     else:
+#         assert callable(do_stuff)
+# else:
+#     assert not callable(do_stuff)"""[1:]
+#         a = """
+# import collections
+# if isinstance(do_stuff, Callable):
+#     assert isinstance(do_stuff, collections.Callable)
+#     do_stuff(do_stuff)
+#     if not isinstance(do_stuff, collections.Callable):
+#         exit(1)
+#     else:
+#         assert isinstance(do_stuff, collections.Callable)
+# else:
+#     assert not isinstance(do_stuff, collections.Callable)"""[1:]
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_callable_should_not_change(self):
+#         a = """callable(*x)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#         a = """callable(x, y)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#         a = """callable(x, kw=y)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#         a = """callable()"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+# class Test_filter(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "filter"
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =   filter(    foo,     'abc'   )"""
+#         a = """x =   list(filter(    foo,     'abc'   ))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x =   filter(  None , 'abc'  )"""
+#         a = """x =   [_f for _f in 'abc' if _f]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_filter_basic(self):
+#         b = """x = filter(None, 'abc')"""
+#         a = """x = [_f for _f in 'abc' if _f]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = len(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         a = """x = len(list(filter(f, 'abc')))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = filter(lambda x: x%2 == 0, range(10))"""
+#         a = """x = [x for x in range(10) if x%2 == 0]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # Note the parens around x
+#         b = """x = filter(lambda (x): x%2 == 0, range(10))"""
+#         a = """x = [x for x in range(10) if x%2 == 0]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # XXX This (rare) case is not supported
+# ##         b = """x = filter(f, 'abc')[0]"""
+# ##         a = """x = list(filter(f, 'abc'))[0]"""
+# ##         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_filter_nochange(self):
+#         a = """b.join(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """(a + foo(5)).join(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """iter(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """list(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """list(filter(f, 'abc'))[0]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """set(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """set(filter(f, 'abc')).pop()"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """tuple(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """any(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """all(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sum(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(filter(f, 'abc'), key=blah)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(filter(f, 'abc'), key=blah)[0]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """enumerate(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """enumerate(filter(f, 'abc'), start=1)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """for i in filter(f, 'abc'): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """[x for x in filter(f, 'abc')]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """(x for x in filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#     def test_future_builtins(self):
+#         a = "from future_builtins import spam, filter; filter(f, 'ham')"
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#         b = """from future_builtins import spam; x = filter(f, 'abc')"""
+#         a = """from future_builtins import spam; x = list(filter(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         a = "from future_builtins import *; filter(f, 'ham')"
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+# class Test_map(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "map"
+#
+#     def check(self, b, a):
+#         self.unchanged("from future_builtins import map; " + b, a)
+#         super(Test_map, self).check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_prefix_preservation(self):
+#         b = """x =    map(   f,    'abc'   )"""
+#         a = """x =    list(map(   f,    'abc'   ))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_trailing_comment(self):
+#         b = """x = map(f, 'abc')   #   foo"""
+#         a = """x = list(map(f, 'abc'))   #   foo"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_None_with_multiple_arguments(self):
+#         s = """x = map(None, a, b, c)"""
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "cannot convert map(None, ...) with "
+#                              "multiple arguments")
+#
+#     def test_map_basic(self):
+#         b = """x = map(f, 'abc')"""
+#         a = """x = list(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = len(map(f, 'abc', 'def'))"""
+#         a = """x = len(list(map(f, 'abc', 'def')))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = map(None, 'abc')"""
+#         a = """x = list('abc')"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = map(lambda x: x+1, range(4))"""
+#         a = """x = [x+1 for x in range(4)]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # Note the parens around x
+#         b = """x = map(lambda (x): x+1, range(4))"""
+#         a = """x = [x+1 for x in range(4)]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             foo()
+#             # foo
+#             map(f, x)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             foo()
+#             # foo
+#             list(map(f, x))
+#             """
+#         self.warns(b, a, "You should use a for loop here")
+#
+#         # XXX This (rare) case is not supported
+# ##         b = """x = map(f, 'abc')[0]"""
+# ##         a = """x = list(map(f, 'abc'))[0]"""
+# ##         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_map_nochange(self):
+#         a = """b.join(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """(a + foo(5)).join(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """iter(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """list(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """list(map(f, 'abc'))[0]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """set(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """set(map(f, 'abc')).pop()"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """tuple(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """any(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """all(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sum(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(map(f, 'abc'), key=blah)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(map(f, 'abc'), key=blah)[0]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """enumerate(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """enumerate(map(f, 'abc'), start=1)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """for i in map(f, 'abc'): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """[x for x in map(f, 'abc')]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """(x for x in map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#     def test_future_builtins(self):
+#         a = "from future_builtins import spam, map, eggs; map(f, 'ham')"
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#         b = """from future_builtins import spam, eggs; x = map(f, 'abc')"""
+#         a = """from future_builtins import spam, eggs; x = list(map(f, 'abc'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         a = "from future_builtins import *; map(f, 'ham')"
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+# class Test_zip(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "zip"
+#
+#     def check(self, b, a):
+#         self.unchanged("from future_builtins import zip; " + b, a)
+#         super(Test_zip, self).check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_zip_basic(self):
+#         b = """x = zip(a, b, c)"""
+#         a = """x = list(zip(a, b, c))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = len(zip(a, b))"""
+#         a = """x = len(list(zip(a, b)))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_zip_nochange(self):
+#         a = """b.join(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """(a + foo(5)).join(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """iter(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """list(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """list(zip(a, b))[0]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """set(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """set(zip(a, b)).pop()"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """tuple(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """any(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """all(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sum(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(zip(a, b), key=blah)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """sorted(zip(a, b), key=blah)[0]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """enumerate(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """enumerate(zip(a, b), start=1)"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """for i in zip(a, b): pass"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """[x for x in zip(a, b)]"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#         a = """(x for x in zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#     def test_future_builtins(self):
+#         a = "from future_builtins import spam, zip, eggs; zip(a, b)"
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#         b = """from future_builtins import spam, eggs; x = zip(a, b)"""
+#         a = """from future_builtins import spam, eggs; x = list(zip(a, b))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         a = "from future_builtins import *; zip(a, b)"
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+# class Test_standarderror(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "standarderror"
+#
+#     def test(self):
+#         b = """x =    StandardError()"""
+#         a = """x =    Exception()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """x = StandardError(a, b, c)"""
+#         a = """x = Exception(a, b, c)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """f(2 + StandardError(a, b, c))"""
+#         a = """f(2 + Exception(a, b, c))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_types(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "types"
+#
+#     def test_basic_types_convert(self):
+#         b = """types.StringType"""
+#         a = """bytes"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """types.DictType"""
+#         a = """dict"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """types . IntType"""
+#         a = """int"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """types.ListType"""
+#         a = """list"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """types.LongType"""
+#         a = """int"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """types.NoneType"""
+#         a = """type(None)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_idioms(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "idioms"
+#
+#     def test_while(self):
+#         b = """while 1: foo()"""
+#         a = """while True: foo()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """while   1: foo()"""
+#         a = """while   True: foo()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             while 1:
+#                 foo()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             while True:
+#                 foo()
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_while_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """while 11: foo()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """while 0: foo()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """while foo(): foo()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """while []: foo()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_eq_simple(self):
+#         b = """type(x) == T"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   type(x) == T: pass"""
+#         a = """if   isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_eq_reverse(self):
+#         b = """T == type(x)"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   T == type(x): pass"""
+#         a = """if   isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_eq_expression(self):
+#         b = """type(x+y) == d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x+y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """type(   x  +  y) == d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x  +  y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_is_simple(self):
+#         b = """type(x) is T"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   type(x) is T: pass"""
+#         a = """if   isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_is_reverse(self):
+#         b = """T is type(x)"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   T is type(x): pass"""
+#         a = """if   isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_is_expression(self):
+#         b = """type(x+y) is d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x+y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """type(   x  +  y) is d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x  +  y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_is_not_simple(self):
+#         b = """type(x) is not T"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   type(x) is not T: pass"""
+#         a = """if   not isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_is_not_reverse(self):
+#         b = """T is not type(x)"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   T is not type(x): pass"""
+#         a = """if   not isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_is_not_expression(self):
+#         b = """type(x+y) is not d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x+y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """type(   x  +  y) is not d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x  +  y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_ne_simple(self):
+#         b = """type(x) != T"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   type(x) != T: pass"""
+#         a = """if   not isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_ne_reverse(self):
+#         b = """T != type(x)"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x, T)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """if   T != type(x): pass"""
+#         a = """if   not isinstance(x, T): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_ne_expression(self):
+#         b = """type(x+y) != d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x+y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """type(   x  +  y) != d.get('T')"""
+#         a = """not isinstance(x  +  y, d.get('T'))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_type_unchanged(self):
+#         a = """type(x).__name__"""
+#         self.unchanged(a)
+#
+#     def test_sort_list_call(self):
+#         b = """
+#             v = list(t)
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(t)
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             v = list(foo(b) + d)
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(foo(b) + d)
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             while x:
+#                 v = list(t)
+#                 v.sort()
+#                 foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             while x:
+#                 v = sorted(t)
+#                 foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             v = list(t)
+#             # foo
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(t)
+#             # foo
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = r"""
+#             v = list(   t)
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = r"""
+#             v = sorted(   t)
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = r"""
+#             try:
+#                 m = list(s)
+#                 m.sort()
+#             except: pass
+#             """
+#
+#         a = r"""
+#             try:
+#                 m = sorted(s)
+#             except: pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = r"""
+#             try:
+#                 m = list(s)
+#                 # foo
+#                 m.sort()
+#             except: pass
+#             """
+#
+#         a = r"""
+#             try:
+#                 m = sorted(s)
+#                 # foo
+#             except: pass
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = r"""
+#             m = list(s)
+#             # more comments
+#             m.sort()"""
+#
+#         a = r"""
+#             m = sorted(s)
+#             # more comments"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_sort_simple_expr(self):
+#         b = """
+#             v = t
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(t)
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             v = foo(b)
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(foo(b))
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             v = b.keys()
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(b.keys())
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             v = foo(b) + d
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(foo(b) + d)
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             while x:
+#                 v = t
+#                 v.sort()
+#                 foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             while x:
+#                 v = sorted(t)
+#                 foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             v = t
+#             # foo
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             v = sorted(t)
+#             # foo
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = r"""
+#             v =   t
+#             v.sort()
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         a = r"""
+#             v =   sorted(t)
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_sort_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """
+#             v = list(t)
+#             w.sort()
+#             foo(w)
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """
+#             v = list(t)
+#             v.sort(u)
+#             foo(v)
+#             """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_basestring(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "basestring"
+#
+#     def test_basestring(self):
+#         b = """isinstance(x, basestring)"""
+#         a = """isinstance(x, str)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_buffer(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "buffer"
+#
+#     def test_buffer(self):
+#         b = """x = buffer(y)"""
+#         a = """x = memoryview(y)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_slicing(self):
+#         b = """buffer(y)[4:5]"""
+#         a = """memoryview(y)[4:5]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+# class Test_future(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "future"
+#
+#     def test_future(self):
+#         b = """from __future__ import braces"""
+#         a = """"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """# comment\nfrom __future__ import braces"""
+#         a = """# comment\n"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """from __future__ import braces\n# comment"""
+#         a = """\n# comment"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_run_order(self):
+#         self.assert_runs_after('print')
+#
+# class Test_itertools(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "itertools"
+#
+#     def checkall(self, before, after):
+#         # Because we need to check with and without the itertools prefix
+#         # and on each of the three functions, these loops make it all
+#         # much easier
+#         for i in ('itertools.', ''):
+#             for f in ('map', 'filter', 'zip'):
+#                 b = before %(i+'i'+f)
+#                 a = after %(f)
+#                 self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_0(self):
+#         # A simple example -- test_1 covers exactly the same thing,
+#         # but it's not quite as clear.
+#         b = "itertools.izip(a, b)"
+#         a = "zip(a, b)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """%s(f, a)"""
+#         a = """%s(f, a)"""
+#         self.checkall(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_qualified(self):
+#         b = """itertools.ifilterfalse(a, b)"""
+#         a = """itertools.filterfalse(a, b)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """itertools.izip_longest(a, b)"""
+#         a = """itertools.zip_longest(a, b)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """ifilterfalse(a, b)"""
+#         a = """filterfalse(a, b)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """izip_longest(a, b)"""
+#         a = """zip_longest(a, b)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_space_1(self):
+#         b = """    %s(f, a)"""
+#         a = """    %s(f, a)"""
+#         self.checkall(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_space_2(self):
+#         b = """    itertools.ifilterfalse(a, b)"""
+#         a = """    itertools.filterfalse(a, b)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """    itertools.izip_longest(a, b)"""
+#         a = """    itertools.zip_longest(a, b)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_run_order(self):
+#         self.assert_runs_after('map', 'zip', 'filter')
+#
+#
+# class Test_itertools_imports(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = 'itertools_imports'
+#
+#     def test_reduced(self):
+#         b = "from itertools import imap, izip, foo"
+#         a = "from itertools import foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from itertools import bar, imap, izip, foo"
+#         a = "from itertools import bar, foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from itertools import chain, imap, izip"
+#         a = "from itertools import chain"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_comments(self):
+#         b = "#foo\nfrom itertools import imap, izip"
+#         a = "#foo\n"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_none(self):
+#         b = "from itertools import imap, izip"
+#         a = ""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from itertools import izip"
+#         a = ""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_as(self):
+#         b = "from itertools import izip, bar as bang, imap"
+#         a = "from itertools import bar as bang"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from itertools import izip as _zip, imap, bar"
+#         a = "from itertools import bar"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from itertools import imap as _map"
+#         a = ""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from itertools import imap as _map, izip as _zip"
+#         a = ""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         s = "from itertools import bar as bang"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_ifilter_and_zip_longest(self):
+#         for name in "filterfalse", "zip_longest":
+#             b = "from itertools import i%s" % (name,)
+#             a = "from itertools import %s" % (name,)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "from itertools import imap, i%s, foo" % (name,)
+#             a = "from itertools import %s, foo" % (name,)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#             b = "from itertools import bar, i%s, foo" % (name,)
+#             a = "from itertools import bar, %s, foo" % (name,)
+#             self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_star(self):
+#         s = "from itertools import *"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = "from itertools import foo"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#
+# class Test_import(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "import"
+#
+#     def setUp(self):
+#         super(Test_import, self).setUp()
+#         # Need to replace fix_import's exists method
+#         # so we can check that it's doing the right thing
+#         self.files_checked = []
+#         self.present_files = set()
+#         self.always_exists = True
+#         def fake_exists(name):
+#             self.files_checked.append(name)
+#             return self.always_exists or (name in self.present_files)
+#
+#         from lib2to3.fixes import fix_import
+#         fix_import.exists = fake_exists
+#
+#     def tearDown(self):
+#         from lib2to3.fixes import fix_import
+#         fix_import.exists = os.path.exists
+#
+#     def check_both(self, b, a):
+#         self.always_exists = True
+#         super(Test_import, self).check(b, a)
+#         self.always_exists = False
+#         super(Test_import, self).unchanged(b)
+#
+#     def test_files_checked(self):
+#         def p(path):
+#             # Takes a unix path and returns a path with correct separators
+#             return os.path.pathsep.join(path.split("/"))
+#
+#         self.always_exists = False
+#         self.present_files = set(['__init__.py'])
+#         expected_extensions = ('.py', os.path.sep, '.pyc', '.so', '.sl', '.pyd')
+#         names_to_test = (p("/spam/eggs.py"), "ni.py", p("../../shrubbery.py"))
+#
+#         for name in names_to_test:
+#             self.files_checked = []
+#             self.filename = name
+#             self.unchanged("import jam")
+#
+#             if os.path.dirname(name):
+#                 name = os.path.dirname(name) + '/jam'
+#             else:
+#                 name = 'jam'
+#             expected_checks = set(name + ext for ext in expected_extensions)
+#             expected_checks.add("__init__.py")
+#
+#             self.assertEqual(set(self.files_checked), expected_checks)
+#
+#     def test_not_in_package(self):
+#         s = "import bar"
+#         self.always_exists = False
+#         self.present_files = set(["bar.py"])
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_with_absolute_import_enabled(self):
+#         s = "from __future__ import absolute_import\nimport bar"
+#         self.always_exists = False
+#         self.present_files = set(["__init__.py", "bar.py"])
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_in_package(self):
+#         b = "import bar"
+#         a = "from . import bar"
+#         self.always_exists = False
+#         self.present_files = set(["__init__.py", "bar.py"])
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_from_package(self):
+#         b = "import bar"
+#         a = "from . import bar"
+#         self.always_exists = False
+#         self.present_files = set(["__init__.py", "bar" + os.path.sep])
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_already_relative_import(self):
+#         s = "from . import bar"
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_comments_and_indent(self):
+#         b = "import bar # Foo"
+#         a = "from . import bar # Foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_from(self):
+#         b = "from foo import bar, baz"
+#         a = "from .foo import bar, baz"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from foo import bar"
+#         a = "from .foo import bar"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "from foo import (bar, baz)"
+#         a = "from .foo import (bar, baz)"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_dotted_from(self):
+#         b = "from green.eggs import ham"
+#         a = "from .green.eggs import ham"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_from_as(self):
+#         b = "from green.eggs import ham as spam"
+#         a = "from .green.eggs import ham as spam"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import(self):
+#         b = "import foo"
+#         a = "from . import foo"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "import foo, bar"
+#         a = "from . import foo, bar"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "import foo, bar, x"
+#         a = "from . import foo, bar, x"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "import x, y, z"
+#         a = "from . import x, y, z"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_import_as(self):
+#         b = "import foo as x"
+#         a = "from . import foo as x"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "import a as b, b as c, c as d"
+#         a = "from . import a as b, b as c, c as d"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_local_and_absolute(self):
+#         self.always_exists = False
+#         self.present_files = set(["foo.py", "__init__.py"])
+#
+#         s = "import foo, bar"
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, "absolute and local imports together")
+#
+#     def test_dotted_import(self):
+#         b = "import foo.bar"
+#         a = "from . import foo.bar"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_dotted_import_as(self):
+#         b = "import foo.bar as bang"
+#         a = "from . import foo.bar as bang"
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_prefix(self):
+#         b = """
+#         # prefix
+#         import foo.bar
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         # prefix
+#         from . import foo.bar
+#         """
+#         self.check_both(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_set_literal(FixerTestCase):
+#
+#     fixer = "set_literal"
+#
+#     def test_basic(self):
+#         b = """set([1, 2, 3])"""
+#         a = """{1, 2, 3}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set((1, 2, 3))"""
+#         a = """{1, 2, 3}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set((1,))"""
+#         a = """{1}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([1])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set((a, b))"""
+#         a = """{a, b}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([a, b])"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set((a*234, f(args=23)))"""
+#         a = """{a*234, f(args=23)}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([a*23, f(23)])"""
+#         a = """{a*23, f(23)}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([a-234**23])"""
+#         a = """{a-234**23}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_listcomps(self):
+#         b = """set([x for x in y])"""
+#         a = """{x for x in y}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([x for x in y if x == m])"""
+#         a = """{x for x in y if x == m}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([x for x in y for a in b])"""
+#         a = """{x for x in y for a in b}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([f(x) - 23 for x in y])"""
+#         a = """{f(x) - 23 for x in y}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_whitespace(self):
+#         b = """set( [1, 2])"""
+#         a = """{1, 2}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([1 ,  2])"""
+#         a = """{1 ,  2}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([ 1 ])"""
+#         a = """{ 1 }"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set( [1] )"""
+#         a = """{1}"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([  1,  2  ])"""
+#         a = """{  1,  2  }"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set([x  for x in y ])"""
+#         a = """{x  for x in y }"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """set(
+#                    [1, 2]
+#                )
+#             """
+#         a = """{1, 2}\n"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_comments(self):
+#         b = """set((1, 2)) # Hi"""
+#         a = """{1, 2} # Hi"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # This isn't optimal behavior, but the fixer is optional.
+#         b = """
+#             # Foo
+#             set( # Bar
+#                (1, 2)
+#             )
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             # Foo
+#             {1, 2}
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """set()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """set(a)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """set(a, b, c)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         # Don't transform generators because they might have to be lazy.
+#         s = """set(x for x in y)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """set(x for x in y if z)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """set(a*823-23**2 + f(23))"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#
+# class Test_sys_exc(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "sys_exc"
+#
+#     def test_0(self):
+#         b = "sys.exc_type"
+#         a = "sys.exc_info()[0]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = "sys.exc_value"
+#         a = "sys.exc_info()[1]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = "sys.exc_traceback"
+#         a = "sys.exc_info()[2]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = "sys.exc_type # Foo"
+#         a = "sys.exc_info()[0] # Foo"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_4(self):
+#         b = "sys.  exc_type"
+#         a = "sys.  exc_info()[0]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_5(self):
+#         b = "sys  .exc_type"
+#         a = "sys  .exc_info()[0]"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_paren(FixerTestCase):
+#     fixer = "paren"
+#
+#     def test_0(self):
+#         b = """[i for i in 1, 2 ]"""
+#         a = """[i for i in (1, 2) ]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_1(self):
+#         b = """[i for i in 1, 2, ]"""
+#         a = """[i for i in (1, 2,) ]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_2(self):
+#         b = """[i for i  in     1, 2 ]"""
+#         a = """[i for i  in     (1, 2) ]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_3(self):
+#         b = """[i for i in 1, 2 if i]"""
+#         a = """[i for i in (1, 2) if i]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_4(self):
+#         b = """[i for i in 1,    2    ]"""
+#         a = """[i for i in (1,    2)    ]"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_5(self):
+#         b = """(i for i in 1, 2)"""
+#         a = """(i for i in (1, 2))"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_6(self):
+#         b = """(i for i in 1   ,2   if i)"""
+#         a = """(i for i in (1   ,2)   if i)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_0(self):
+#         s = """[i for i in (1, 2)]"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_1(self):
+#         s = """[i for i in foo()]"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_2(self):
+#         s = """[i for i in (1, 2) if nothing]"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_3(self):
+#         s = """(i for i in (1, 2))"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged_4(self):
+#         s = """[i for i in m]"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+# class Test_metaclass(FixerTestCase):
+#
+#     fixer = 'metaclass'
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         self.unchanged("class X(): pass")
+#         self.unchanged("class X(object): pass")
+#         self.unchanged("class X(object1, object2): pass")
+#         self.unchanged("class X(object1, object2, object3): pass")
+#         self.unchanged("class X(metaclass=Meta): pass")
+#         self.unchanged("class X(b, arg=23, metclass=Meta): pass")
+#         self.unchanged("class X(b, arg=23, metaclass=Meta, other=42): pass")
+#
+#         s = """
+#         class X:
+#             def __metaclass__(self): pass
+#         """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """
+#         class X:
+#             a[23] = 74
+#         """
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_comments(self):
+#         b = """
+#         class X:
+#             # hi
+#             __metaclass__ = AppleMeta
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(metaclass=AppleMeta):
+#             # hi
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#         class X:
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta
+#             # Bedtime!
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(metaclass=Meta):
+#             pass
+#             # Bedtime!
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_meta(self):
+#         # no-parent class, odd body
+#         b = """
+#         class X():
+#             __metaclass__ = Q
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(metaclass=Q):
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # one parent class, no body
+#         b = """class X(object): __metaclass__ = Q"""
+#         a = """class X(object, metaclass=Q): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+#         # one parent, simple body
+#         b = """
+#         class X(object):
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta
+#             bar = 7
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(object, metaclass=Meta):
+#             bar = 7
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#         class X:
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta; x = 4; g = 23
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(metaclass=Meta):
+#             x = 4; g = 23
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # one parent, simple body, __metaclass__ last
+#         b = """
+#         class X(object):
+#             bar = 7
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(object, metaclass=Meta):
+#             bar = 7
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # redefining __metaclass__
+#         b = """
+#         class X():
+#             __metaclass__ = A
+#             __metaclass__ = B
+#             bar = 7
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(metaclass=B):
+#             bar = 7
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # multiple inheritance, simple body
+#         b = """
+#         class X(clsA, clsB):
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta
+#             bar = 7
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(clsA, clsB, metaclass=Meta):
+#             bar = 7
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         # keywords in the class statement
+#         b = """class m(a, arg=23): __metaclass__ = Meta"""
+#         a = """class m(a, arg=23, metaclass=Meta): pass"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#         class X(expression(2 + 4)):
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(expression(2 + 4), metaclass=Meta):
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#         class X(expression(2 + 4), x**4):
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(expression(2 + 4), x**4, metaclass=Meta):
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#         class X:
+#             __metaclass__ = Meta
+#             save.py = 23
+#         """
+#         a = """
+#         class X(metaclass=Meta):
+#             save.py = 23
+#         """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_getcwdu(FixerTestCase):
+#
+#     fixer = 'getcwdu'
+#
+#     def test_basic(self):
+#         b = """os.getcwdu"""
+#         a = """os.getcwd"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """os.getcwdu()"""
+#         a = """os.getcwd()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """meth = os.getcwdu"""
+#         a = """meth = os.getcwd"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """os.getcwdu(args)"""
+#         a = """os.getcwd(args)"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_comment(self):
+#         b = """os.getcwdu() # Foo"""
+#         a = """os.getcwd() # Foo"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """os.getcwd()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """getcwdu()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#         s = """os.getcwdb()"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
+#
+#     def test_indentation(self):
+#         b = """
+#             if 1:
+#                 os.getcwdu()
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             if 1:
+#                 os.getcwd()
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_multilation(self):
+#         b = """os .getcwdu()"""
+#         a = """os .getcwd()"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """os.  getcwdu"""
+#         a = """os.  getcwd"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """os.getcwdu (  )"""
+#         a = """os.getcwd (  )"""
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#
+# class Test_operator(FixerTestCase):
+#
+#     fixer = "operator"
+#
+#     def test_operator_isCallable(self):
+#         b = "operator.isCallable(x)"
+#         a = "hasattr(x, '__call__')"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_operator_sequenceIncludes(self):
+#         b = "operator.sequenceIncludes(x, y)"
+#         a = "operator.contains(x, y)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "operator .sequenceIncludes(x, y)"
+#         a = "operator .contains(x, y)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "operator.  sequenceIncludes(x, y)"
+#         a = "operator.  contains(x, y)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_operator_isSequenceType(self):
+#         b = "operator.isSequenceType(x)"
+#         a = "import collections\nisinstance(x, collections.Sequence)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_operator_isMappingType(self):
+#         b = "operator.isMappingType(x)"
+#         a = "import collections\nisinstance(x, collections.Mapping)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_operator_isNumberType(self):
+#         b = "operator.isNumberType(x)"
+#         a = "import numbers\nisinstance(x, numbers.Number)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_operator_repeat(self):
+#         b = "operator.repeat(x, n)"
+#         a = "operator.mul(x, n)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "operator .repeat(x, n)"
+#         a = "operator .mul(x, n)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "operator.  repeat(x, n)"
+#         a = "operator.  mul(x, n)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_operator_irepeat(self):
+#         b = "operator.irepeat(x, n)"
+#         a = "operator.imul(x, n)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "operator .irepeat(x, n)"
+#         a = "operator .imul(x, n)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = "operator.  irepeat(x, n)"
+#         a = "operator.  imul(x, n)"
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_bare_isCallable(self):
+#         s = "isCallable(x)"
+#         t = "You should use 'hasattr(x, '__call__')' here."
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, t)
+#
+#     def test_bare_sequenceIncludes(self):
+#         s = "sequenceIncludes(x, y)"
+#         t = "You should use 'operator.contains(x, y)' here."
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, t)
+#
+#     def test_bare_operator_isSequenceType(self):
+#         s = "isSequenceType(z)"
+#         t = "You should use 'isinstance(z, collections.Sequence)' here."
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, t)
+#
+#     def test_bare_operator_isMappingType(self):
+#         s = "isMappingType(x)"
+#         t = "You should use 'isinstance(x, collections.Mapping)' here."
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, t)
+#
+#     def test_bare_operator_isNumberType(self):
+#         s = "isNumberType(y)"
+#         t = "You should use 'isinstance(y, numbers.Number)' here."
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, t)
+#
+#     def test_bare_operator_repeat(self):
+#         s = "repeat(x, n)"
+#         t = "You should use 'operator.mul(x, n)' here."
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, t)
+#
+#     def test_bare_operator_irepeat(self):
+#         s = "irepeat(y, 187)"
+#         t = "You should use 'operator.imul(y, 187)' here."
+#         self.warns_unchanged(s, t)
+#
+#
+# class Test_exitfunc(FixerTestCase):
+#
+#     fixer = "exitfunc"
+#
+#     def test_simple(self):
+#         b = """
+#             import sys
+#             sys.exitfunc = my_atexit
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             import sys
+#             import atexit
+#             atexit.register(my_atexit)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_names_import(self):
+#         b = """
+#             import sys, crumbs
+#             sys.exitfunc = my_func
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             import sys, crumbs, atexit
+#             atexit.register(my_func)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_complex_expression(self):
+#         b = """
+#             import sys
+#             sys.exitfunc = do(d)/a()+complex(f=23, g=23)*expression
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             import sys
+#             import atexit
+#             atexit.register(do(d)/a()+complex(f=23, g=23)*expression)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_comments(self):
+#         b = """
+#             import sys # Foo
+#             sys.exitfunc = f # Blah
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             import sys
+#             import atexit # Foo
+#             atexit.register(f) # Blah
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#         b = """
+#             import apples, sys, crumbs, larry # Pleasant comments
+#             sys.exitfunc = func
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             import apples, sys, crumbs, larry, atexit # Pleasant comments
+#             atexit.register(func)
+#             """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_in_a_function(self):
+#         b = """
+#             import sys
+#             def f():
+#                 sys.exitfunc = func
+#             """
+#         a = """
+#             import sys
+#             import atexit
+#             def f():
+#                 atexit.register(func)
+#              """
+#         self.check(b, a)
+#
+#     def test_no_sys_import(self):
+#         b = """sys.exitfunc = f"""
+#         a = """atexit.register(f)"""
+#         msg = ("Can't find sys import; Please add an atexit import at the "
+#             "top of your file.")
+#         self.warns(b, a, msg)
+#
+#
+#     def test_unchanged(self):
+#         s = """f(sys.exitfunc)"""
+#         self.unchanged(s)
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_list.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_list.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16fb84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the backported class:`list` class.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+from future.builtins import *
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY2
+
+
+class TestList(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_isinstance_list(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance([], list))
+        self.assertEqual([1, 2, 3], list([1, 2, 3]))
+
+    def test_isinstance_list_subclass(self):
+        """
+        Issue #89
+        """
+        value = list([1, 2, 3])
+        class Magic(list):
+            pass
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, list))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(value, Magic))
+
+    def test_list_empty(self):
+        """
+        list() -> []
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(list(), [])
+
+    def test_list_clear(self):
+        l = list()
+        l.append(1)
+        l.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(l), 0)
+        l.extend([2, 3])
+        l.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(l), 0)
+
+    def test_list_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(list(list()), [])
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(list(list()), list))
+
+    def test_list_list2(self):
+        """
+        Issue #50
+        """
+        l = list([1, 2, 3])
+        l2 = list(l)
+        self.assertEqual(len(l2), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(l2, [1, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_list_equal(self):
+        l = [1, 3, 5]
+        self.assertEqual(list(l), l)
+
+    def test_list_getitem(self):
+        l = list('ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(l, ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
+        self.assertEqual(l[0], 'A')
+        self.assertEqual(l[-1], 'D')
+        self.assertEqual(l[0:1], ['A'])
+        self.assertEqual(l[0:2], ['A', 'B'])
+        self.assertEqual(''.join(l[:]), 'ABCD')
+
+    def test_list_setitem(self):
+        l = list('ABCD')
+        l[1] = b'B'
+        self.assertEqual(l, ['A', b'B', 'C', 'D'])
+
+    def test_list_iteration(self):
+        l = list('ABCD')
+        for item in l:
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(item, str))
+
+    def test_list_plus_list(self):
+        l1 = list('ABCD')
+        l2 = ['E', 'F', 'G', 'H']
+        self.assertEqual(l1 + l2, ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H'])
+        self.assertEqual(type(l1 + l2), list)
+        self.assertEqual(l2 + l1, ['E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
+        self.assertEqual(l2 + l1, list('EFGHABCD'))
+        self.assertEqual(type(l2 + l1), list)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2 + l1, list))
+
+    def test_list_contains_something(self):
+        l = list('ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue('A' in l)
+        self.assertFalse(['A', 'B'] in l)
+
+    def test_list_index(self):
+        l = list('ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(l.index('B'), 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            l.index('')
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        l = list('ABCD')
+        l2 = l.copy()
+        self.assertEqual(l, l2)
+        l2.pop()
+        self.assertNotEqual(l, l2)
+
+    # @unittest.skip('Fails on Python <= 2.7.6 due to list subclass slicing bug')
+    def test_slice(self):
+        """
+        Do slices return newlist objects?
+        """
+        l = list(u'abcd')
+        self.assertEqual(l[:2], [u'a', u'b'])
+        # Fails due to bug on Py2:
+        # self.assertEqual(type(l[:2]), list)
+        self.assertEqual(l[-2:], [u'c', u'd'])
+        # Fails due to bug on Py2:
+        # self.assertEqual(type(l[-2:]), list)
+
+    # @unittest.skip('Fails on Python <= 2.7.6 due to list subclass slicing bug')
+    def test_subclassing(self):
+        """
+        Can newlist be subclassed and do list methods then return instances of
+        the same class? (This is the Py3 behaviour).
+        """
+        class SubClass(list):
+            pass
+        l = SubClass(u'abcd')
+        l2 = SubClass(str(u'abcd'))
+        self.assertEqual(type(l), SubClass)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l, list))
+        # Fails on Py2.7 but passes on Py3.3:
+        # self.assertEqual(type(l + l), list)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l[0], str))
+        self.assertEqual(type(l2[0]), str)
+        # This is not true on Py3.3:
+        # self.assertEqual(type(l[:2]), SubClass)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l[:2], list))
+
+    def test_subclassing_2(self):
+        """
+        Tests __new__ method in subclasses. Fails in versions <= 0.11.4
+        """
+        class SubClass(list):
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                self = list.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+                assert type(self) == SubClass
+                return self
+        l = SubClass(u'abcd')
+        self.assertEqual(type(l), SubClass)
+        self.assertEqual(l, [u'a', u'b', u'c', u'd'])
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        l = list([])
+        l2 = list([1, 3, 5])
+        self.assertFalse(bool(l))
+        self.assertTrue(bool(l2))
+        l2.clear()
+        self.assertFalse(bool(l2))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        """
+        Issue #96 (for newdict instead of newobject)
+        """
+        if utils.PY2:
+            from collections import Container
+        else:
+            from collections.abc import Container
+
+        class Base(list):
+            pass
+
+        class Foo(Base, Container):
+            def __contains__(self, item):
+                return False
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_with_metaclass_and_list(self):
+        """
+        Issue #91 (for newdict instead of newobject)
+        """
+        from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+        class MetaClass(type):
+            pass
+
+        class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, list)):
+            pass
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_magicsuper.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_magicsuper.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5bbe09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_magicsuper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""
+Tests for the super() function.
+
+Based on Ryan Kelly's magicsuper.tests
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
+import future.builtins.newsuper
+from future.builtins import super
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+from future import utils
+
+
+class TestMagicSuper(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_basic_diamond(self):
+        class Base(object):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return 2 * value
+        class Sub1(Base):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return 7 + super().calc(value)
+        class Sub2(Base):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return super().calc(value) - 1
+        class Diamond(Sub1,Sub2):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return 3 * super().calc(value)
+        b = Base()
+        s1 = Sub1()
+        s2 = Sub2()
+        d = Diamond()
+        for x in range(10):
+            self.assertEqual(b.calc(x),2*x)
+            self.assertEqual(s1.calc(x),7+(2*x))
+            self.assertEqual(s2.calc(x),(2*x)-1)
+            self.assertEqual(d.calc(x),3*(7+((2*x)-1)))
+
+    def test_with_unrelated_methods(self):
+        class Base(object):
+            def hello(self):
+                return "world"
+        class Sub(Base):
+            def hello(self):
+                return "hello " + super().hello()
+            def other(self):
+                pass
+        class SubSub(Sub):
+            def other(self):
+                return super().other()
+        ss = SubSub()
+        self.assertEqual(ss.hello(),"hello world")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, "this test isn't relevant on Py3")
+    def test_fails_for_oldstyle_class(self):
+        class OldStyle:
+            def testme(self):
+                return super().testme()
+        o = OldStyle()
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError,o.testme)
+
+    def test_fails_for_raw_functions(self):
+        def not_a_method():
+            super().not_a_method()
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError,not_a_method)
+        def not_a_method(self):
+            super().not_a_method()
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError,not_a_method,self)
+        else:
+            self.assertRaises(AttributeError,not_a_method,self)
+
+    def assertSuperEquals(self,sobj1,sobj2):
+        assert sobj1.__self__ is sobj2.__self__
+        assert sobj1.__self_class__ is sobj2.__self_class__
+        assert sobj1.__thisclass__ is sobj2.__thisclass__
+
+    def test_call_with_args_does_nothing(self):
+        if utils.PY2:
+            from __builtin__ import super as builtin_super
+        else:
+            from builtins import super as builtin_super
+        class Base(object):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return 2 * value
+        class Sub1(Base):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return 7 + super().calc(value)
+        class Sub2(Base):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return super().calc(value) - 1
+        class Diamond(Sub1,Sub2):
+            def calc(self,value):
+                return 3 * super().calc(value)
+        for cls in (Base,Sub1,Sub2,Diamond,):
+            obj = cls()
+            self.assertSuperEquals(builtin_super(cls), super(cls))
+            self.assertSuperEquals(builtin_super(cls,obj), super(cls,obj))
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, "this test isn't relevant for Py3's super()")
+    def test_superm(self):
+        class Base(object):
+            def getit(self):
+                return 2
+        class Sub(Base):
+            def getit(self):
+                return 10 * future.builtins.newsuper.superm()
+        s = Sub()
+        self.assertEqual(s.getit(),20)
+
+    def test_use_inside_dunder_new(self):
+        class Terminal(str):
+            def __new__(cls, value, token_type):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, value)
+                self.token_type = token_type
+                return self
+        DOT = Terminal(".", "dit")
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(DOT, str))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(DOT, Terminal))
+
+    def test_use_inside_classmethod(self):
+        class Base(object):
+            @classmethod
+            def getit(cls):
+                return 42
+        class Singleton(Base):
+            @classmethod
+            def getit(cls):
+                print(super())
+                return super().getit() + 1
+        self.assertEqual(Singleton.getit(), 43)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_object.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_object.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f99cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_object.py
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+"""
+Tests to make sure the newobject object (which defines Python 2-compatible
+``__unicode__`` and ``next`` methods) is working.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division
+from future import utils
+from future.builtins import object, str, next, int, super
+from future.utils import implements_iterator, python_2_unicode_compatible
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY2
+
+
+class TestNewObject(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_object_implements_py2_unicode_method(self):
+        my_unicode_str = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+        class A(object):
+            def __str__(self):
+                return my_unicode_str
+        a = A()
+        self.assertEqual(len(str(a)), 18)
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(a, '__unicode__'))
+        else:
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(a, '__unicode__'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(a), my_unicode_str)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(str(a).encode('utf-8'), bytes))
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(type(unicode(a)) == unicode)
+            self.assertEqual(unicode(a), my_unicode_str)
+
+        # Manual equivalent on Py2 without the decorator:
+        if not utils.PY3:
+            class B(object):
+                def __unicode__(self):
+                    return u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+                def __str__(self):
+                    return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
+            b = B()
+            assert str(a) == str(b)
+
+    def test_implements_py2_iterator(self):
+
+        class Upper(object):
+            def __init__(self, iterable):
+                self._iter = iter(iterable)
+            def __next__(self):                 # note the Py3 interface
+                return next(self._iter).upper()
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        self.assertEqual(list(Upper('hello')), list('HELLO'))
+
+        # Try combining it with the next() function:
+
+        class MyIter(object):
+            def __next__(self):
+                return 'Next!'
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+
+        itr = MyIter()
+        self.assertEqual(next(itr), 'Next!')
+
+        itr2 = MyIter()
+        for i, item in enumerate(itr2):
+            if i >= 10:
+                break
+            self.assertEqual(item, 'Next!')
+
+    def test_implements_py2_nonzero(self):
+
+        class EvenIsTrue(object):
+            """
+            An integer that evaluates to True if even.
+            """
+            def __init__(self, my_int):
+                self.my_int = my_int
+            def __bool__(self):
+                return self.my_int % 2 == 0
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return type(self)(self.my_int + other)
+
+        k = EvenIsTrue(5)
+        self.assertFalse(k)
+        self.assertFalse(bool(k))
+        self.assertTrue(k + 1)
+        self.assertTrue(bool(k + 1))
+        self.assertFalse(k + 2)
+
+
+    def test_int_implements_py2_nonzero(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether the newint object provides a __nonzero__ method that
+        maps to __bool__ in case the user redefines __bool__ in a subclass of
+        newint.
+        """
+
+        class EvenIsTrue(int):
+            """
+            An integer that evaluates to True if even.
+            """
+            def __bool__(self):
+                return self % 2 == 0
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                val = super().__add__(other)
+                return type(self)(val)
+
+        k = EvenIsTrue(5)
+        self.assertFalse(k)
+        self.assertFalse(bool(k))
+        self.assertTrue(k + 1)
+        self.assertTrue(bool(k + 1))
+        self.assertFalse(k + 2)
+
+    def test_non_iterator(self):
+        """
+        The default behaviour of next(o) for a newobject o should be to raise a
+        TypeError, as with the corresponding builtin object.
+        """
+        o = object()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            next(o)
+
+    def test_bool_empty_object(self):
+        """
+        The default result of bool(newobject()) should be True, as with builtin
+        objects.
+        """
+        o = object()
+        self.assertTrue(bool(o))
+
+        class MyClass(object):
+            pass
+
+        obj = MyClass()
+        self.assertTrue(bool(obj))
+
+    def test_isinstance_object_subclass(self):
+        """
+        This was failing before
+        """
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+        a = A()
+
+        class B(object):
+            pass
+        b = B()
+
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(a, B))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, A))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, A))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, B))
+
+        class C(A):
+            pass
+        c = C()
+
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, A))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(c, B))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(a, C))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, C))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, C))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_types_isinstance_newobject(self):
+        a = list()
+        b = dict()
+        c = set()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(a, object))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, object))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, object))
+
+        # Old-style class instances on Py2 should still report as an instance
+        # of object as usual on Py2:
+        class D:
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, object))
+
+        e = object()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, object))
+
+        class F(object):
+            pass
+        f = F()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, object))
+
+        class G(F):
+            pass
+        g = G()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(g, object))
+
+        class H():
+            pass
+        h = H()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(h, object))
+
+    def test_long_special_method(self):
+        class A(object):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return 0
+        a = A()
+        self.assertEqual(int(a), 0)
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(long(a), 0)
+
+    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        """
+        Issue #96
+        """
+        if utils.PY2:
+            from collections import Container
+        else:
+            from collections.abc import Container
+
+        class Base(object):
+            pass
+
+        class Foo(Base, Container):
+            def __contains__(self, item):
+                return False
+
+    def test_with_metaclass_and_object(self):
+        """
+        Issue #91
+        """
+        from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+        class MetaClass(type):
+            pass
+
+        class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, object)):
+            pass
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        """
+        Issue #211
+        """
+        from builtins import object
+
+        class ResultSet(object):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 0
+
+        self.assertTrue(bool(ResultSet()) is False)
+
+        class ResultSet(object):
+            def __len__(self):
+                return 2
+
+        self.assertTrue(bool(ResultSet()) is True)
+
+    def test_bool2(self):
+        """
+        If __bool__ is defined, the presence or absence of __len__ should
+        be irrelevant.
+        """
+        from builtins import object
+
+        class TrueThing(object):
+            def __bool__(self):
+                return True
+            def __len__(self):
+                raise RuntimeError('__len__ should not be called')
+
+        self.assertTrue(bool(TrueThing()))
+
+        class FalseThing(object):
+            def __bool__(self):
+                return False
+            def __len__(self):
+                raise RuntimeError('__len__ should not be called')
+
+        self.assertFalse(bool(FalseThing()))
+
+    def test_cannot_assign_new_attributes_to_object(self):
+        """
+        New attributes cannot be assigned to object() instances in Python.
+        The same should apply to newobject.
+        """
+        from builtins import object
+
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+          object().arbitrary_attribute_name = True
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_pasteurize.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_pasteurize.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b6e2ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_pasteurize.py
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+This module contains snippets of Python 3 code (invalid Python 2) and
+tests for whether they can be passed to ``pasteurize`` and
+immediately run under both Python 2 and Python 3.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function, absolute_import
+
+import pprint
+from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
+import tempfile
+import os
+
+from future.tests.base import CodeHandler, unittest, skip26
+
+
+class TestPasteurize(CodeHandler):
+    """
+    After running ``pasteurize``, these Python 3 code snippets should run
+    on both Py3 and Py2.
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # For tests that need a text file:
+        _, self.textfilename = tempfile.mkstemp(text=True)
+        super(TestPasteurize, self).setUp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        os.unlink(self.textfilename)
+
+    @skip26    # Python 2.6's lib2to3 causes the "from builtins import
+               # range" line to be stuck at the bottom of the module!
+    def test_range_slice(self):
+        """
+        After running ``pasteurize``, this Python 3 code should run
+        quickly on both Py3 and Py2 without a MemoryError
+        """
+        code = '''
+        for i in range(10**8)[:10]:
+            pass
+        '''
+        self.unchanged(code, from3=True)
+
+    def test_print(self):
+        """
+        This Python 3-only code is a SyntaxError on Py2 without the
+        print_function import from __future__.
+        """
+        code = '''
+        import sys
+        print('Hello', file=sys.stderr)
+        '''
+        self.unchanged(code, from3=True)
+
+    def test_division(self):
+        """
+        True division should not be screwed up by conversion from 3 to both
+        """
+        code = '''
+        x = 3 / 2
+        assert x == 1.5
+        '''
+        self.unchanged(code, from3=True)
+
+    # TODO: write / fix the raise_ fixer so that it uses the raise_ function
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_exception_indentation(self):
+        """
+        As of v0.11.2, pasteurize broke the indentation of ``raise`` statements
+        using with_traceback. Test for this.
+        """
+        before = '''
+        import sys
+        if True:
+            try:
+                'string' + 1
+            except TypeError:
+                ty, va, tb = sys.exc_info()
+                raise TypeError("can't do that!").with_traceback(tb)
+        '''
+        after = '''
+        import sys
+        from future.utils import raise_with_traceback
+        if True:
+            try:
+                'string' + 1
+            except TypeError:
+                ty, va, tb = sys.exc_info()
+                raise_with_traceback(TypeError("can't do that!"), tb)
+        '''
+        self.convert_check(before, after, from3=True)
+
+    # TODO: fix and test this test
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_urllib_request(self):
+        """
+        Example Python 3 code using the new urllib.request module.
+
+        Does the ``pasteurize`` script handle this?
+        """
+        before = """
+            import pprint
+            import urllib.request
+
+            URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/{}/json'
+            package = 'future'
+
+            r = urllib.request.urlopen(URL.format(package))
+            pprint.pprint(r.read())
+        """
+        after = """
+            import pprint
+            import future.standard_library.urllib.request as urllib_request
+
+            URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/{}/json'
+            package = 'future'
+
+            r = urllib_request.urlopen(URL.format(package))
+            pprint.pprint(r.read())
+        """
+
+        self.convert_check(before, after, from3=True)
+
+    def test_urllib_refactor2(self):
+        before = """
+        import urllib.request, urllib.parse
+
+        f = urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=15)
+        filename = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)[2].split('/')[-1]
+        """
+
+        after = """
+        from future.standard_library.urllib import request as urllib_request
+        from future.standard_library.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
+
+        f = urllib_request.urlopen(url, timeout=15)
+        filename = urllib_parse.urlparse(url)[2].split('/')[-1]
+        """
+
+    def test_correct_exit_status(self):
+        """
+        Issue #119: futurize and pasteurize were not exiting with the correct
+        status code. This is because the status code returned from
+        libfuturize.main.main() etc. was a ``newint``, which sys.exit() always
+        translates into 1!
+        """
+        from libpasteurize.main import main
+        # Try pasteurizing this test script:
+        retcode = main([self.textfilename])
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(retcode, int))   # i.e. Py2 builtin int
+
+
+class TestFuturizeAnnotations(CodeHandler):
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_return_annotations_alone(self):
+        before = "def foo() -> 'bar': pass"
+        after = """
+        def foo(): pass
+        foo.__annotations__ = {'return': 'bar'}
+        """
+        self.convert_check(before, after, from3=True)
+
+        b = """
+        def foo() -> "bar":
+            print "baz"
+            print "what's next, again?"
+        """
+        a = """
+        def foo():
+            print "baz"
+            print "what's next, again?"
+        """
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_single_param_annotations(self):
+        b = "def foo(bar:'baz'): pass"
+        a = """
+        def foo(bar): pass
+        foo.__annotations__ = {'bar': 'baz'}
+        """
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+        b = """
+        def foo(bar:"baz"="spam"):
+            print("what's next, again?")
+            print("whatever.")
+        """
+        a = """
+        def foo(bar="spam"):
+            print("what's next, again?")
+            print("whatever.")
+        foo.__annotations__ = {'bar': 'baz'}
+        """
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+    def test_multiple_param_annotations(self):
+        b = "def foo(bar:'spam'=False, baz:'eggs'=True, ham:False='spaghetti'): pass"
+        a = "def foo(bar=False, baz=True, ham='spaghetti'): pass"
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+        b = """
+        def foo(bar:"spam"=False, baz:"eggs"=True, ham:False="spam"):
+            print("this is filler, just doing a suite")
+            print("suites require multiple lines.")
+        """
+        a = """
+        def foo(bar=False, baz=True, ham="spam"):
+            print("this is filler, just doing a suite")
+            print("suites require multiple lines.")
+        """
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+    def test_mixed_annotations(self):
+        b = "def foo(bar=False, baz:'eggs'=True, ham:False='spaghetti') -> 'zombies': pass"
+        a = "def foo(bar=False, baz=True, ham='spaghetti'): pass"
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+        b = """
+        def foo(bar:"spam"=False, baz=True, ham:False="spam") -> 'air':
+            print("this is filler, just doing a suite")
+            print("suites require multiple lines.")
+        """
+        a = """
+        def foo(bar=False, baz=True, ham="spam"):
+            print("this is filler, just doing a suite")
+            print("suites require multiple lines.")
+        """
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+        b = "def foo(bar) -> 'brains': pass"
+        a = "def foo(bar): pass"
+        self.convert_check(b, a, from3=True)
+
+    def test_functions_unchanged(self):
+        s = "def foo(): pass"
+        self.unchanged(s, from3=True)
+
+        s = """
+        def foo():
+            pass
+            pass
+        """
+        self.unchanged(s, from3=True)
+
+        s = """
+        def foo(bar='baz'):
+            pass
+            pass
+        """
+        self.unchanged(s, from3=True)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_py2_str_literals_to_bytes.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_py2_str_literals_to_bytes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47866c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_py2_str_literals_to_bytes.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+a = '123'
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_range.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_range.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dba1522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_range.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the backported class:`range` class.
+"""
+
+from future.builtins import range
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+from operator import attrgetter
+
+from future.utils import PY2
+
+if PY2:
+    from collections import Iterator, Sequence
+else:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
+
+
+class RangeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_range(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(range(0), Sequence))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(reversed(range(0)), Iterator))
+
+    def test_bool_range(self):
+        self.assertFalse(range(0))
+        self.assertTrue(range(1))
+        self.assertFalse(range(1, 1))
+        self.assertFalse(range(5, 2))
+
+    def test_equality_range(self):
+        self.assertEqual(range(7), range(7))
+        self.assertEqual(range(0), range(1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(range(0, 10, 3), range(0, 11, 3))
+
+    def test_contains(self):
+        self.assertIn(1, range(2))
+        self.assertNotIn(10, range(2))
+        self.assertNotIn(None, range(2))
+        self.assertNotIn("", range(2))
+
+    # Use strict equality of attributes when slicing to catch subtle differences
+    def assertRangesEqual(self, r1, r2):
+        by_attrs = attrgetter('start', 'stop', 'step')
+        self.assertEqual(by_attrs(r1), by_attrs(r2))
+
+    def test_slice_empty_range(self):
+        self.assertRangesEqual(range(0)[:], range(0))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(range(0)[::-1], range(-1, -1, -1))
+
+    def test_slice_overflow_range(self):
+        r = range(8)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:200], range(2, 8))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-200:-2], range(0, 6))
+
+    def test_slice_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:], range(-8, 8))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2], range(-8, -6))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2], range(-8, 6))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:], range(-6, 8))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:], range(6, 8))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2], range(-6, 6))
+
+    def test_rev_slice_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-1], range(7, -9, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-1], range(7, -6, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-1], range(7, 6, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-1], range(-6, -9, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-1], range(6, -9, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-1], range(6, -6, -1))
+
+    def test_slice_rev_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -1)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:], range(8, -8, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2], range(8, 6, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2], range(8, -6, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:], range(6, -8, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:], range(-6, -8, -1))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2], range(6, -6, -1))
+
+    def test_rev_slice_rev_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -1)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-1], range(-7, 9))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-1], range(-7, 6))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-1], range(-7, -6))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-1], range(6, 9))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-1], range(-6, 9))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-1], range(-6, 6))
+
+    def test_stepped_slice_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::2], range(-8, 8, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:2], range(-8, -6, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:2], range(-8, 6, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::2], range(-6, 8, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::2], range(6, 8, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2:2], range(-6, 6, 2))
+
+    def test_rev_stepped_slice_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-2], range(7, -9, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-2], range(7, -6, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-2], range(7, 6, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-2], range(-6, -9, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-2], range(6, -9, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-2], range(6, -6, -2))
+
+    def test_stepped_slice_rev_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -1)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::2], range(8, -8, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:2], range(8, 6, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:2], range(8, -6, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::2], range(6, -8, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::2], range(-6, -8, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2:2], range(6, -6, -2))
+
+    def test_rev_stepped_slice_rev_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -1)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-2], range(-7, 9, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-2], range(-7, 6, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-2], range(-7, -6, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-2], range(6, 9, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-2], range(-6, 9, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-2], range(-6, 6, 2))
+
+    def test_slice_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8, 2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:], range(-8, 8, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2], range(-8, -4, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2], range(-8, 4, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:], range(-4, 8, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:], range(4, 8, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2], range(-4, 4, 2))
+
+    def test_rev_slice_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8, 2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-1], range(6, -10, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-1], range(6, -4, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-1], range(6, 4, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-1], range(-4, -10, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-1], range(4, -10, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-1], range(4, -4, -2))
+
+    def test_slice_rev_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:], range(8, -8, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2], range(8, 4, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2], range(8, -4, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:], range(4, -8, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:], range(-4, -8, -2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2], range(4, -4, -2))
+
+    def test_rev_slice_rev_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-1], range(-6, 10, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-1], range(-6, 4, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-1], range(-6, -4, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-1], range(4, 10, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-1], range(-4, 10, 2))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-1], range(-4, 4, 2))
+
+    def test_stepped_slice_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8, 2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::2], range(-8, 8, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:2], range(-8, -4, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:2], range(-8, 4, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::2], range(-4, 8, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::2], range(4, 8, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2:2], range(-4, 4, 4))
+
+    def test_rev_stepped_slice_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(-8, 8, 2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-2], range(6, -10, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-2], range(6, -4, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-2], range(6, 4, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-2], range(-4, -10, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-2], range(4, -10, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-2], range(4, -4, -4))
+
+    def test_stepped_slice_rev_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::2], range(8, -8, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:2], range(8, 4, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:2], range(8, -4, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::2], range(4, -8, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::2], range(-4, -8, -4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2:-2:2], range(4, -4, -4))
+
+    def test_rev_stepped_slice_rev_stepped_range(self):
+        r = range(8, -8, -2)
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[::-2], range(-6, 10, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:2:-2], range(-6, 4, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[:-2:-2], range(-6, -4, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[2::-2], range(4, 10, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2::-2], range(-4, 10, 4))
+        self.assertRangesEqual(r[-2:2:-2], range(-4, 4, 4))
+
+    def test_slice_zero_step(self):
+        msg = '^slice step cannot be zero$'
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, msg):
+            range(8)[::0]
+
+    def test_properties(self):
+        # Exception string differs between PY2/3
+        r = range(0)
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            r.start = 0
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            r.stop = 0
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            r.step = 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_requests.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_requests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e362a1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_requests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+"""
+Tests for whether the standard library hooks in ``future`` are compatible with
+the ``requests`` package.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+from future import standard_library
+from future.tests.base import unittest, CodeHandler
+import textwrap
+import sys
+import os
+import io
+
+
+# Don't import requests first. This avoids the problem we want to expose:
+# with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
+#     try:
+#         import requests
+#     except ImportError:
+#         requests = None
+
+
+class write_module(object):
+    """
+    A context manager to streamline the tests. Creates a temp file for a
+    module designed to be imported by the ``with`` block, then removes it
+    afterwards.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, code, tempdir):
+        self.code = code
+        self.tempdir = tempdir
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        print('Creating {0}test_imports_future_stdlib.py ...'.format(self.tempdir))
+        with io.open(self.tempdir + 'test_imports_future_stdlib.py', 'wt',
+                     encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write(textwrap.dedent(self.code))
+        sys.path.insert(0, self.tempdir)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        """
+        If an exception occurred, we leave the file for inspection.
+        """
+        sys.path.remove(self.tempdir)
+        if exc_type is None:
+            # No exception occurred
+            os.remove(self.tempdir + 'test_imports_future_stdlib.py')
+            try:
+                os.remove(self.tempdir + 'test_imports_future_stdlib.pyc')
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+
+class TestRequests(CodeHandler):
+    """
+    This class tests whether the requests module conflicts with the
+    standard library import hooks, as in issue #19.
+    """
+    def test_remove_hooks_then_requests(self):
+        code = """
+            from future import standard_library
+            standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+            import builtins
+            import http.client
+            import html.parser
+            """
+        with write_module(code, self.tempdir):
+            import test_imports_future_stdlib
+            standard_library.remove_hooks()
+            try:
+                import requests
+            except ImportError:
+                print("Requests doesn't seem to be available. Skipping requests test ...")
+            else:
+                r = requests.get('http://google.com')
+                self.assertTrue(r)
+            self.assertTrue(True)
+
+
+    def test_requests_cm(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether requests can be used importing standard_library modules
+        previously with the hooks context manager
+        """
+        code = """
+            from future import standard_library
+            with standard_library.hooks():
+                import builtins
+                import html.parser
+                import http.client
+            """
+        with write_module(code, self.tempdir):
+            import test_imports_future_stdlib
+            try:
+                import requests
+            except ImportError:
+                print("Requests doesn't seem to be available. Skipping requests test ...")
+            else:
+                r = requests.get('http://google.com')
+                self.assertTrue(r)
+            self.assertTrue(True)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_standard_library.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_standard_library.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ac5d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_standard_library.py
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+"""
+Tests for the future.standard_library module
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+from future import standard_library
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest, CodeHandler, expectedFailurePY2
+
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import os
+import copy
+import textwrap
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+
+
+class TestStandardLibraryReorganization(CodeHandler):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.interpreter = sys.executable
+        standard_library.install_aliases()
+        super(TestStandardLibraryReorganization, self).setUp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # standard_library.remove_hooks()
+        pass
+
+    def test_can_import_several(self):
+        """
+        This test failed in v0.12-pre if e.g.
+        future/standard_library/email/header.py contained:
+
+            from future import standard_library
+            standard_library.remove_hooks()
+        """
+
+        import future.moves.urllib.parse as urllib_parse
+        import future.moves.urllib.request as urllib_request
+
+        import http.server
+        for m in [urllib_parse, urllib_request, http.server]:
+            self.assertTrue(m is not None)
+
+    def test_is_py2_stdlib_module(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether the internal is_py2_stdlib_module function (called by the
+        sys.modules scrubbing functions) is reliable.
+        """
+        externalmodules = [standard_library, utils]
+        self.assertTrue(not any([standard_library.is_py2_stdlib_module(module)
+                             for module in externalmodules]))
+
+        py2modules = [sys, tempfile, copy, textwrap]
+        if utils.PY2:
+            # Debugging:
+            for module in py2modules:
+                if hasattr(module, '__file__'):
+                    print(module.__file__, file=sys.stderr)
+            self.assertTrue(all([standard_library.is_py2_stdlib_module(module)
+                                 for module in py2modules]))
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(
+                    not any ([standard_library.is_py2_stdlib_module(module)
+                              for module in py2modules]))
+
+    # @unittest.skip("No longer relevant")
+    # def test_all_modules_identical(self):
+    #     """
+    #     Tests whether all of the old imports in RENAMES are accessible
+    #     under their new names.
+    #     """
+    #     for (oldname, newname) in standard_library.RENAMES.items():
+    #         if newname == 'winreg' and sys.platform not in ['win32', 'win64']:
+    #             continue
+    #         if newname in standard_library.REPLACED_MODULES:
+    #             # Skip this check for e.g. the stdlib's ``test`` module,
+    #             # which we have replaced completely.
+    #             continue
+    #         oldmod = __import__(oldname)
+    #         newmod = __import__(newname)
+    #         if '.' not in oldname:
+    #             self.assertEqual(oldmod, newmod)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_suspend_hooks(self):
+        """
+        Code like the try/except block here appears in Pyflakes v0.6.1. This
+        method tests whether suspend_hooks() works as advertised.
+        """
+        example_PY2_check = False
+        with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
+            # An example of fragile import code that we don't want to break:
+            try:
+                import builtins
+            except ImportError:
+                example_PY2_check = True
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(example_PY2_check)
+        else:
+            self.assertFalse(example_PY2_check)
+        # The import should succeed again now:
+        import builtins
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_disable_hooks(self):
+        """
+        Tests the old (deprecated) names. These deprecated aliases should be
+        removed by version 1.0
+        """
+        example_PY2_check = False
+
+        standard_library.enable_hooks()   # deprecated name
+        old_meta_path = copy.copy(sys.meta_path)
+
+        standard_library.disable_hooks()
+        standard_library.scrub_future_sys_modules()
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(len(old_meta_path) == len(sys.meta_path) + 1)
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(len(old_meta_path) == len(sys.meta_path))
+
+        # An example of fragile import code that we don't want to break:
+        try:
+            import builtins
+        except ImportError:
+            example_PY2_check = True
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(example_PY2_check)
+        else:
+            self.assertFalse(example_PY2_check)
+
+        standard_library.install_hooks()
+
+        # Imports should succeed again now:
+        import builtins
+        import html
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(standard_library.detect_hooks())
+            self.assertTrue(len(old_meta_path) == len(sys.meta_path))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_remove_hooks2(self):
+        """
+        As above, but with the new names
+        """
+        example_PY2_check = False
+
+        standard_library.install_hooks()
+        old_meta_path = copy.copy(sys.meta_path)
+
+        standard_library.remove_hooks()
+        standard_library.scrub_future_sys_modules()
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(len(old_meta_path) == len(sys.meta_path) + 1)
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(len(old_meta_path) == len(sys.meta_path))
+
+        # An example of fragile import code that we don't want to break:
+        try:
+            import builtins
+        except ImportError:
+            example_PY2_check = True
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(example_PY2_check)
+        else:
+            self.assertFalse(example_PY2_check)
+        standard_library.install_hooks()
+        # The import should succeed again now:
+        import builtins
+        self.assertTrue(len(old_meta_path) == len(sys.meta_path))
+
+    def test_detect_hooks(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether the future.standard_library.detect_hooks is doing
+        its job.
+        """
+        standard_library.install_hooks()
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(standard_library.detect_hooks())
+
+        meta_path = copy.copy(sys.meta_path)
+
+        standard_library.remove_hooks()
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(len(meta_path), len(sys.meta_path) + 1)
+            self.assertFalse(standard_library.detect_hooks())
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, 'not testing for old urllib on Py3')
+    def test_old_urllib_import(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether an imported module can import the old urllib package.
+        Importing future.standard_library in a script should be possible and
+        not disrupt any uses of the old Py2 standard library names in modules
+        imported by that script.
+        """
+        code1 = '''
+                from future import standard_library
+                with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
+                    import module_importing_old_urllib
+                '''
+        self._write_test_script(code1, 'runme.py')
+        code2 = '''
+                import urllib
+                assert 'urlopen' in dir(urllib)
+                print('Import succeeded!')
+                '''
+        self._write_test_script(code2, 'module_importing_old_urllib.py')
+        output = self._run_test_script('runme.py')
+        print(output)
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_sys_intern(self):
+        """
+        Py2's builtin intern() has been moved to the sys module. Tests
+        whether sys.intern is available.
+        """
+        from sys import intern
+        if utils.PY3:
+            self.assertEqual(intern('hello'), 'hello')
+        else:
+            # intern() requires byte-strings on Py2:
+            self.assertEqual(intern(b'hello'), b'hello')
+
+    def test_sys_maxsize(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether sys.maxsize is available.
+        """
+        from sys import maxsize
+        self.assertTrue(maxsize > 0)
+
+    def test_itertools_filterfalse(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether itertools.filterfalse is available.
+        """
+        from itertools import filterfalse
+        not_div_by_3 = filterfalse(lambda x: x % 3 == 0, range(8))
+        self.assertEqual(list(not_div_by_3), [1, 2, 4, 5, 7])
+
+    def test_itertools_zip_longest(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether itertools.zip_longest is available.
+        """
+        from itertools import zip_longest
+        a = (1, 2)
+        b = [2, 4, 6]
+        self.assertEqual(list(zip_longest(a, b)),
+                         [(1, 2), (2, 4), (None, 6)])
+
+    def test_ChainMap(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether collections.ChainMap is available.
+        """
+        from collections import ChainMap
+        cm = ChainMap()
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY3, 'generic import tests are for Py2 only')
+    def test_import_failure_from_module(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether e.g. "import socketserver" succeeds in a module
+        imported by another module that has used and removed the stdlib hooks.
+        We want this to fail; the stdlib hooks should not bleed to imported
+        modules too without their explicitly invoking them.
+        """
+        code1 = '''
+                from future import standard_library
+                standard_library.install_hooks()
+                standard_library.remove_hooks()
+                import importme2
+                '''
+        code2 = '''
+                import socketserver
+                print('Uh oh. importme2 should have raised an ImportError.')
+                '''
+        self._write_test_script(code1, 'importme1.py')
+        self._write_test_script(code2, 'importme2.py')
+        with self.assertRaises(CalledProcessError):
+            output = self._run_test_script('importme1.py')
+
+    # Disabled since v0.16.0:
+    # def test_configparser(self):
+    #     import configparser
+
+    def test_copyreg(self):
+        import copyreg
+
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        import pickle
+
+    def test_profile(self):
+        import profile
+
+    def test_stringio(self):
+        from io import StringIO
+        s = StringIO(u'test')
+        for method in ['tell', 'read', 'seek', 'close', 'flush']:
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(s, method))
+
+    def test_bytesio(self):
+        from io import BytesIO
+        s = BytesIO(b'test')
+        for method in ['tell', 'read', 'seek', 'close', 'flush', 'getvalue']:
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(s, method))
+
+    def test_queue(self):
+        import queue
+        q = queue.Queue()
+        q.put('thing')
+        self.assertFalse(q.empty())
+
+    def test_reprlib(self):
+        import reprlib
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_socketserver(self):
+        import socketserver
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    @unittest.skip("Not testing tkinter import (it may be installed separately from Python)")
+    def test_tkinter(self):
+        import tkinter
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_builtins(self):
+        import builtins
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(builtins, 'tuple'))
+
+    @unittest.skip("ssl redirect support on pypi isn't working as expected for now ...")
+    def test_urllib_request_ssl_redirect(self):
+        """
+        This site redirects to https://...
+        It therefore requires ssl support.
+        """
+        import future.moves.urllib.request as urllib_request
+        from pprint import pprint
+        URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/{0}/json'
+        package = 'future'
+        r = urllib_request.urlopen(URL.format(package))
+        # pprint(r.read().decode('utf-8'))
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_moves_urllib_request_http(self):
+        """
+        This site (python-future.org) uses plain http (as of 2014-09-23).
+        """
+        import future.moves.urllib.request as urllib_request
+        from pprint import pprint
+        URL = 'http://python-future.org'
+        r = urllib_request.urlopen(URL)
+        data = r.read()
+        self.assertTrue(b'</html>' in data)
+
+    def test_urllib_request_http(self):
+        """
+        This site (python-future.org) uses plain http (as of 2014-09-23).
+        """
+        import urllib.request as urllib_request
+        from pprint import pprint
+        URL = 'http://python-future.org'
+        r = urllib_request.urlopen(URL)
+        data = r.read()
+        self.assertTrue(b'</html>' in data)
+
+    def test_html_import(self):
+        import html
+        import html.entities
+        import html.parser
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_http_client_import(self):
+        import http.client
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_other_http_imports(self):
+        import http
+        import http.server
+        import http.cookies
+        import http.cookiejar
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_urllib_imports_moves(self):
+        import future.moves.urllib
+        import future.moves.urllib.parse
+        import future.moves.urllib.request
+        import future.moves.urllib.robotparser
+        import future.moves.urllib.error
+        import future.moves.urllib.response
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_urllib_imports_install_aliases(self):
+        with standard_library.suspend_hooks():
+            standard_library.install_aliases()
+            import urllib
+            import urllib.parse
+            import urllib.request
+            import urllib.robotparser
+            import urllib.error
+            import urllib.response
+            self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_urllib_imports_cm(self):
+        with standard_library.hooks():
+            import urllib
+            import urllib.parse
+            import urllib.request
+            import urllib.robotparser
+            import urllib.error
+            import urllib.response
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_urllib_imports_install_hooks(self):
+        standard_library.remove_hooks()
+        standard_library.install_hooks()
+        import urllib
+        import urllib.parse
+        import urllib.request
+        import urllib.robotparser
+        import urllib.error
+        import urllib.response
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_underscore_prefixed_modules(self):
+        import _thread
+        import _dummy_thread
+        import _markupbase
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        """
+        reduce has been moved to the functools module
+        """
+        import functools
+        self.assertEqual(functools.reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, range(1, 6)), 15)
+
+    def test_collections_userstuff(self):
+        """
+        UserDict, UserList, and UserString have been moved to the
+        collections module.
+        """
+        from collections import UserDict
+        from collections import UserList
+        from collections import UserString
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_reload(self):
+        """
+        reload has been moved to the imp module
+        """
+        import imp
+        imp.reload(imp)
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    def test_install_aliases(self):
+        """
+        Does the install_aliases() interface monkey-patch urllib etc. successfully?
+        """
+        from future.standard_library import remove_hooks, install_aliases
+        remove_hooks()
+        install_aliases()
+
+        from collections import Counter, OrderedDict   # backported to Py2.6
+        from collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+
+        # Requires Python dbm support:
+        # import dbm
+        # import dbm.dumb
+        # import dbm.gnu
+        # import dbm.ndbm
+
+        from itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+
+        from subprocess import check_output    # backported to Py2.6
+        from subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+
+        from sys import intern
+
+        # test_support may not be available (e.g. on Anaconda Py2.6):
+        # import test.support
+
+        import urllib.error
+        import urllib.parse
+        import urllib.request
+        import urllib.response
+        import urllib.robotparser
+
+        self.assertTrue('urlopen' in dir(urllib.request))
+
+
+class TestFutureMoves(CodeHandler):
+    def test_future_moves_urllib_request(self):
+        from future.moves.urllib import request as urllib_request
+        functions = ['getproxies',
+                     'pathname2url',
+                     'proxy_bypass',
+                     'quote',
+                     'request_host',
+                     'splitattr',
+                     'splithost',
+                     'splitpasswd',
+                     'splitport',
+                     'splitquery',
+                     'splittag',
+                     'splittype',
+                     'splituser',
+                     'splitvalue',
+                     'thishost',
+                     'to_bytes',
+                     'unquote',
+                     # 'unquote_to_bytes',   # Is there an equivalent in the Py2 stdlib?
+                     'unwrap',
+                     'url2pathname',
+                     'urlcleanup',
+                     'urljoin',
+                     'urlopen',
+                     'urlparse',
+                     'urlretrieve',
+                     'urlsplit',
+                     'urlunparse']
+        self.assertTrue(all(fn in dir(urllib_request) for fn in functions))
+
+    def test_future_moves(self):
+        """
+        Ensure everything is available from the future.moves interface that we
+        claim and expect. (Issue #104).
+        """
+        from future.moves.collections import Counter, OrderedDict   # backported to Py2.6
+        from future.moves.collections import UserDict, UserList, UserString
+
+        from future.moves import configparser
+        from future.moves import copyreg
+
+        from future.moves.itertools import filterfalse, zip_longest
+
+        from future.moves import html
+        import future.moves.html.entities
+        import future.moves.html.parser
+
+        from future.moves import http
+        import future.moves.http.client
+        import future.moves.http.cookies
+        import future.moves.http.cookiejar
+        import future.moves.http.server
+
+        from future.moves import queue
+
+        from future.moves import socketserver
+
+        from future.moves.subprocess import check_output              # even on Py2.6
+        from future.moves.subprocess import getoutput, getstatusoutput
+
+        from future.moves.sys import intern
+
+        from future.moves import urllib
+        import future.moves.urllib.error
+        import future.moves.urllib.parse
+        import future.moves.urllib.request
+        import future.moves.urllib.response
+        import future.moves.urllib.robotparser
+
+        try:
+            # Is _winreg available on Py2? If so, ensure future.moves._winreg is available too:
+            import _winreg
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            from future.moves import winreg
+
+        from future.moves import xmlrpc
+        import future.moves.xmlrpc.client
+        import future.moves.xmlrpc.server
+
+        from future.moves import _dummy_thread
+        from future.moves import _markupbase
+        from future.moves import _thread
+
+    def test_future_moves_dbm(self):
+        """
+        Do the dbm imports work?
+        """
+        from future.moves import dbm
+        dbm.ndbm
+        from future.moves.dbm import dumb
+        try:
+            # Is gdbm available on Py2? If so, ensure dbm.gnu is available too:
+            import gdbm
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            from future.moves.dbm import gnu
+        from future.moves.dbm import ndbm
+
+
+# Running the following tkinter test causes the following bizzare test failure:
+#
+# ======================================================================
+# FAIL: test_open_default_encoding (future.tests.test_builtins.BuiltinTest)
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Traceback (most recent call last):
+#   File "/home/user/Install/BleedingEdge/python-future/future/tests/test_builtins.py", line 1219, in test_open_default_encoding
+#     self.assertEqual(fp.encoding, current_locale_encoding)
+# AssertionError: 'ANSI_X3.4-1968' != 'ISO-8859-1'
+#
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+#     def test_future_moves_tkinter(self):
+#         """
+#         Do the tkinter imports work?
+#         """
+#         from future.moves import tkinter
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import dialog
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import filedialog
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import scrolledtext
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import simpledialog
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import tix
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import constants
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import dnd
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import colorchooser
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import commondialog
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import font
+#         from future.moves.tkinter import messagebox
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_str.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_str.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5108548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_str.py
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the backported class:`str` class.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+from future.builtins import *
+from future import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY2
+
+import os
+
+TEST_UNICODE_STR = u'ℝεα∂@ßʟ℮ ☂ℯṧт υηḯ¢☺ḓ℮'
+
+
+class TestStr(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_str(self):
+        self.assertFalse(str is bytes)
+        self.assertEqual(str('blah'), u'blah')  # u'' prefix: Py3.3 and Py2 only
+        self.assertEqual(str(b'1234'), "b'1234'")
+
+    def test_bool_str(self):
+        s1 = str(u'abc')
+        s2 = u'abc'
+        s3 = str(u'')
+        s4 = u''
+        self.assertEqual(bool(s1), bool(s2))
+        self.assertEqual(bool(s3), bool(s4))
+
+    def test_os_path_join(self):
+        """
+        Issue #15: can't os.path.join(u'abc', str(u'def'))
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(os.path.join(u'abc', str(u'def')),
+                         u'abc{0}def'.format(os.sep))
+
+    def test_str_encode_utf8(self):
+        b = str(TEST_UNICODE_STR).encode('utf-8')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, bytes))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, str))
+        s = b.decode('utf-8')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, str))
+        self.assertEqual(s, TEST_UNICODE_STR)
+
+    def test_str_encode_cp1251(self):
+        b1 = b'\xcd\xeb\xff'
+        s1 = str(b1, 'cp1251')
+        self.assertEqual(s1, u'Нля')
+
+        b2 = bytes(b'\xcd\xeb\xff')
+        s2 = str(b2, 'cp1251')
+        self.assertEqual(s2, u'Нля')
+
+    def test_str_encode_decode_with_py2_str_arg(self):
+        # Try passing a standard Py2 string (as if unicode_literals weren't imported)
+        b = str(TEST_UNICODE_STR).encode(utils.bytes_to_native_str(b'utf-8'))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, bytes))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, str))
+        s = b.decode(utils.bytes_to_native_str(b'utf-8'))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, str))
+        self.assertEqual(s, TEST_UNICODE_STR)
+
+    def test_str_encode_decode_big5(self):
+        a = u'Unicode string: \u5b54\u5b50'
+        self.assertEqual(str(a), a.encode('big5').decode('big5'))
+
+    def test_str_empty(self):
+        """
+        str() -> u''
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(str(), u'')
+
+    def test_str_iterable_of_ints(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str([65, 66, 67]), '[65, 66, 67]')
+        self.assertNotEqual(str([65, 66, 67]), 'ABC')
+
+    def test_str_str(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str('ABC'), u'ABC')
+        self.assertEqual(str('ABC'), 'ABC')
+
+    def test_str_is_str(self):
+        s = str(u'ABC')
+        self.assertTrue(str(s) is s)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(str(s)), "'ABC'")
+
+    def test_str_fromhex(self):
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(str, 'fromhex'))
+
+    def test_str_hasattr_decode(self):
+        """
+        This test tests whether hasattr(s, 'decode') is False, like it is on Py3.
+
+        Sometimes code (such as http.client in Py3.3) checks hasattr(mystring,
+        'decode') to determine if a string-like thing needs encoding. It would
+        be nice to have this return False so the string can be treated on Py2
+        like a Py3 string.
+        """
+        s = str(u'abcd')
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(s, 'decode'))
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(s, 'encode'))
+
+    def test_isinstance_str(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(str('blah'), str))
+
+    def test_isinstance_str_subclass(self):
+        """
+        Issue #89
+        """
+        value = str(u'abc')
+        class Magic(str):
+            pass
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(value, str))
+        self.assertFalse(isinstance(value, Magic))
+
+    def test_str_getitem(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertNotEqual(s[0], 65)
+        self.assertEqual(s[0], 'A')
+        self.assertEqual(s[-1], 'D')
+        self.assertEqual(s[0:1], 'A')
+        self.assertEqual(s[:], u'ABCD')
+
+    @unittest.expectedFailure
+    def test_u_literal_creates_newstr_object(self):
+        """
+        It would nice if the u'' or '' literal syntax could be coaxed
+        into producing our new str objects somehow ...
+        """
+        s = u'ABCD'
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, str))
+        self.assertFalse(repr(b).startswith('b'))
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertFalse(repr(s).startswith('b'))
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        b = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(str(b), 'ABCD')
+
+    def test_str_setitem(self):
+        s = 'ABCD'
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s[0] = b'B'
+
+    def test_str_iteration(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        for item in s:
+            self.assertFalse(isinstance(item, int))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(item, str))
+        self.assertNotEqual(list(s), [65, 66, 67, 68])
+        self.assertEqual(list(s), ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
+
+    def test_str_plus_bytes(self):
+        s = str(u'ABCD')
+        b = b'EFGH'
+        # We allow this now:
+        # with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        #     s + b
+        # str objects don't have an __radd__ method, so the following
+        # does not raise a TypeError. Is this a problem?
+        # with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        #     b + s
+
+        # Now with our custom bytes object:
+        b2 = bytes(b'EFGH')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s + b2
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            b2 + s
+
+    def test_str_plus_str(self):
+        s1 = str('ABCD')
+        s2 = s1 + s1
+        self.assertEqual(s2, u'ABCDABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s2, str))
+
+        s3 = s1 + u'ZYXW'
+        self.assertEqual(s3, 'ABCDZYXW')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s3, str))
+
+        s4 = 'ZYXW' + s1
+        self.assertEqual(s4, 'ZYXWABCD')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s4, str))
+
+    def test_str_join_str(self):
+        s = str(' * ')
+        strings = ['AB', 'EFGH', 'IJKL', TEST_UNICODE_STR]
+        result = s.join(strings)
+        self.assertEqual(result, 'AB * EFGH * IJKL * ' + TEST_UNICODE_STR)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, str))
+
+    def test_str_join_bytes(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        byte_strings1 = [b'EFGH', u'IJKL']
+        # We allow this on Python 2 for compatibility with old libraries:
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(s.join(byte_strings1), u'EFGHABCDIJKL')
+
+        byte_strings2 = [bytes(b'EFGH'), u'IJKL']
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s.join(byte_strings2)
+
+    def test_str_join_staticmethod(self):
+        """
+        Issue #33
+        """
+        c = str.join('-', ['a', 'b'])
+        self.assertEqual(c, 'a-b')
+        self.assertEqual(type(c), str)
+
+    def test_str_join_staticmethod_workaround_1(self):
+        """
+        Issue #33
+        """
+        c = str('-').join(['a', 'b'])
+        self.assertEqual(c, 'a-b')
+        self.assertEqual(type(c), str)
+
+    def test_str_join_staticmethod_workaround_2(self):
+        """
+        Issue #33
+        """
+        c = str.join(str('-'), ['a', 'b'])
+        self.assertEqual(c, 'a-b')
+        self.assertEqual(type(c), str)
+
+    def test_str_replace(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        c = s.replace('A', 'F')
+        self.assertEqual(c, 'FBCD')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, str))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s.replace(bytes(b'A'), u'F')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s.replace(u'A', bytes(b'F'))
+
+    def test_str_partition(self):
+        s1 = str('ABCD')
+        parts = s1.partition('B')
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('A', 'B', 'CD'))
+        self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(p, str) for p in parts]))
+
+        s2 = str('ABCDABCD')
+        parts = s2.partition('B')
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('A', 'B', 'CDABCD'))
+
+    def test_str_rpartition(self):
+        s2 = str('ABCDABCD')
+        parts = s2.rpartition('B')
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('ABCDA', 'B', 'CD'))
+        self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(p, str) for p in parts]))
+
+    def test_str_contains_something(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertTrue('A' in s)
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(b'A' in s)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            bytes(b'A') in s
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            65 in s                                 # unlike bytes
+
+        self.assertTrue('AB' in s)
+        self.assertFalse(str([65, 66]) in s)        # unlike bytes
+        self.assertFalse('AC' in s)
+        self.assertFalse('Z' in s)
+
+    def test_str_index(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(s.index('B'), 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s.index(67)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s.index(bytes(b'C'))
+
+    def test_startswith(self):
+        s = str('abcd')
+        self.assertTrue(s.startswith('a'))
+        self.assertTrue(s.startswith(('a', 'd')))
+        self.assertTrue(s.startswith(str('ab')))
+        if utils.PY2:
+            # We allow this, because e.g. Python 2 os.path.join concatenates
+            # its arg with a byte-string '/' indiscriminately.
+            self.assertFalse(s.startswith(b'A'))
+            self.assertTrue(s.startswith(b'a'))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            self.assertFalse(s.startswith(bytes(b'A')))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            s.startswith((bytes(b'A'), bytes(b'B')))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            s.startswith(65)
+
+    def test_join(self):
+        sep = str('-')
+        self.assertEqual(sep.join('abcd'), 'a-b-c-d')
+        if utils.PY2:
+            sep.join(b'abcd')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            sep.join(bytes(b'abcd'))
+
+    def test_endswith(self):
+        s = str('abcd')
+        self.assertTrue(s.endswith('d'))
+        self.assertTrue(s.endswith(('b', 'd')))
+        self.assertTrue(s.endswith(str('cd')))
+        self.assertFalse(s.endswith(('A', 'B')))
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertFalse(s.endswith(b'D'))
+            self.assertTrue(s.endswith((b'D', b'd')))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            s.endswith(65)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            s.endswith((bytes(b'D'),))
+
+    def test_split(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(s.split('B'), ['A', 'CD'])
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(s.split(b'B'), ['A', 'CD'])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            s.split(bytes(b'B'))
+
+    def test_rsplit(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(s.rsplit('B'), ['A', 'CD'])
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(s.rsplit(b'B'), ['A', 'CD'])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            s.rsplit(bytes(b'B'))
+
+    def test_eq_bytes(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        b = bytes(b'ABCD')
+        self.assertNotEqual(s, b)
+        self.assertNotEqual(str(''), bytes(b''))
+        native_s = 'ABCD'
+        native_b = b'ABCD'
+        self.assertFalse(b == native_s)
+        self.assertTrue(b != native_s)
+
+        # Fails on Py2:
+        # self.assertNotEqual(native_s, b)
+        # with no obvious way to change this.
+
+        # For backward compatibility with broken string-handling code in
+        # Py2 libraries, we allow the following:
+
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(native_b == s)
+            self.assertFalse(s != native_b)
+
+    def test_eq(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual('ABCD', s)
+        self.assertEqual(s, 'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(s, s)
+        self.assertTrue(u'ABCD' == s)
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertTrue(b'ABCD' == s)
+        else:
+            self.assertFalse(b'ABCD' == s)
+        self.assertFalse(bytes(b'ABCD') == s)
+
+        # We want to ensure comparison against unknown types return
+        # NotImplemented so that the interpreter can rerun the test with the
+        # other class.  We expect the operator to return False if both return
+        # NotImplemented.
+        class OurCustomString(object):
+            def __init__(self, string):
+                self.string = string
+
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return NotImplemented
+
+        our_str = OurCustomString("foobar")
+        new_str = str("foobar")
+
+        self.assertFalse(our_str == new_str)
+        self.assertFalse(new_str == our_str)
+        self.assertIs(new_str.__eq__(our_str), NotImplemented)
+        self.assertIs(our_str.__eq__(new_str), NotImplemented)
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertIsInstance(hash(s),int)
+
+    def test_ne(self):
+        s = str('ABCD')
+        self.assertNotEqual('A', s)
+        self.assertNotEqual(s, 'A')
+        self.assertNotEqual(s, 5)
+        self.assertNotEqual(2.7, s)
+        self.assertNotEqual(s, ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
+        if utils.PY2:
+            self.assertFalse(b'ABCD' != s)
+        else:
+            self.assertTrue(b'ABCD' != s)
+        self.assertTrue(bytes(b'ABCD') != s)
+
+    def test_cmp(self):
+        s = str(u'ABC')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s > 3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s < 1000
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s <= 3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s >= int(3)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s < 3.3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s > (3.3 + 3j)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s >= (1, 2)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s <= [1, 2]
+
+    def test_mul(self):
+        s = str(u'ABC')
+        c = s * 4
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, str))
+        self.assertEqual(c, u'ABCABCABCABC')
+        d = s * int(4)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, str))
+        self.assertEqual(d, u'ABCABCABCABC')
+        if utils.PY2:
+            e = s * long(4)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, str))
+            self.assertEqual(e, u'ABCABCABCABC')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s * 3.3
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            s * (3.3 + 3j)
+
+    def test_rmul(self):
+        s = str(u'XYZ')
+        c = 3 * s
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, str))
+        self.assertEqual(c, u'XYZXYZXYZ')
+        d = s * int(3)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, str))
+        self.assertEqual(d, u'XYZXYZXYZ')
+        if utils.PY2:
+            e = long(3) * s
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, str))
+            self.assertEqual(e, u'XYZXYZXYZ')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            3.3 * s
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            (3.3 + 3j) * s
+
+    @unittest.skip('Fails on Python <= 2.7.6 due to string subclass slicing bug')
+    def test_slice(self):
+        """
+        Do slices return newstr objects?
+        """
+        s = str(u'abcd')
+        self.assertEqual(s[:2], u'ab')
+        self.assertEqual(type(s[:2]), str)
+        self.assertEqual(s[-2:], u'cd')
+        self.assertEqual(type(s[-2:]), str)
+
+    @unittest.skip('Fails on Python <= 2.7.6 due to string subclass slicing bug')
+    def test_subclassing(self):
+        """
+        Can newstr be subclassed and do str methods then return instances of
+        the same class? (This is the Py3 behaviour).
+        """
+        class SubClass(str):
+            pass
+        s = SubClass(u'abcd')
+        self.assertEqual(type(s), SubClass)
+        self.assertEqual(type(s + s), str)
+        self.assertEqual(type(s[0]), str)
+        self.assertEqual(type(s[:2]), str)
+        self.assertEqual(type(s.join([u'_', u'_', u'_'])), str)
+
+    def test_subclassing_2(self):
+        """
+        Tests __new__ method in subclasses. Fails in versions <= 0.11.4
+        """
+        class SubClass(str):
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+                self = str.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+                assert type(self) == SubClass
+                return self
+        s = SubClass(u'abcd')
+        self.assertTrue(True)
+
+    # From Python 3.3: test_unicode.py
+    def checkequalnofix(self, result, object, methodname, *args):
+        method = getattr(object, methodname)
+        realresult = method(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(realresult, result)
+        self.assertTrue(type(realresult) is type(result))
+
+        # if the original is returned make sure that
+        # this doesn't happen with subclasses
+        if realresult is object:
+            class usub(str):
+                def __repr__(self):
+                    return 'usub(%r)' % str.__repr__(self)
+            object = usub(object)
+            method = getattr(object, methodname)
+            realresult = method(*args)
+            self.assertEqual(realresult, result)
+            self.assertTrue(object is not realresult)
+
+    type2test = str
+
+    def test_maketrans_translate(self):
+        # these work with plain translate()
+        self.checkequalnofix('bbbc', 'abababc', 'translate',
+                             {ord('a'): None})
+        self.checkequalnofix('iiic', 'abababc', 'translate',
+                             {ord('a'): None, ord('b'): ord('i')})
+        self.checkequalnofix('iiix', 'abababc', 'translate',
+                             {ord('a'): None, ord('b'): ord('i'), ord('c'): 'x'})
+        self.checkequalnofix('c', 'abababc', 'translate',
+                             {ord('a'): None, ord('b'): ''})
+        self.checkequalnofix('xyyx', 'xzx', 'translate',
+                             {ord('z'): 'yy'})
+        # this needs maketrans()
+        self.checkequalnofix('abababc', 'abababc', 'translate',
+                             {'b': '<i>'})
+        tbl = self.type2test.maketrans({'a': None, 'b': '<i>'})
+        self.checkequalnofix('<i><i><i>c', 'abababc', 'translate', tbl)
+        # test alternative way of calling maketrans()
+        tbl = self.type2test.maketrans('abc', 'xyz', 'd')
+        self.checkequalnofix('xyzzy', 'abdcdcbdddd', 'translate', tbl)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.maketrans)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.maketrans, 'abc', 'defg')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.maketrans, 2, 'def')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.maketrans, 'abc', 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.maketrans, 'abc', 'def', 2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.maketrans, {'xy': 2})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.maketrans, {(1,): 2})
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, 'hello'.translate)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, 'abababc'.translate, 'abc', 'xyz')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        """
+        Issue #96 (for newstr instead of newobject)
+        """
+        if utils.PY2:
+            from collections import Container
+        else:
+            from collections.abc import Container
+
+        class Base(str):
+            pass
+
+        class Foo(Base, Container):
+            def __contains__(self, item):
+                return False
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_with_metaclass_and_str(self):
+        """
+        Issue #91 (for newstr instead of newobject)
+        """
+        from future.utils import with_metaclass
+
+        class MetaClass(type):
+            pass
+
+        class TestClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass, str)):
+            pass
+
+    def test_surrogateescape_encoding(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether surrogateescape encoding works correctly.
+        """
+        pairs = [(u'\udcc3', b'\xc3'),
+                 (u'\udcff', b'\xff')]
+
+        for (s, b) in pairs:
+            encoded = str(s).encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape')
+            self.assertEqual(b, encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(encoded, bytes))
+            self.assertEqual(s, encoded.decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_super.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_super.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0376c1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_super.py
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+"""Unit tests for new super() implementation."""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+import sys
+
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26, expectedFailurePY2
+from future import utils
+from future.builtins import super
+
+
+class A(object):
+    def f(self):
+        return 'A'
+    @classmethod
+    def cm(cls):
+        return (cls, 'A')
+
+class B(A):
+    def f(self):
+        return super().f() + 'B'
+    @classmethod
+    def cm(cls):
+        return (cls, super().cm(), 'B')
+
+class C(A):
+    def f(self):
+        return super().f() + 'C'
+    @classmethod
+    def cm(cls):
+        return (cls, super().cm(), 'C')
+
+class D(C, B):
+    def f(self):
+        return super().f() + 'D'
+    def cm(cls):
+        return (cls, super().cm(), 'D')
+
+class E(D):
+    pass
+
+class F(E):
+    f = E.f
+
+class G(A):
+    pass
+
+
+class TestSuper(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_basics_working(self):
+        self.assertEqual(D().f(), 'ABCD')
+
+    def test_class_getattr_working(self):
+        self.assertEqual(D.f(D()), 'ABCD')
+
+    def test_subclass_no_override_working(self):
+        self.assertEqual(E().f(), 'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(E.f(E()), 'ABCD')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2    # not working yet: infinite loop
+    def test_unbound_method_transfer_working(self):
+        self.assertEqual(F().f(), 'ABCD')
+        self.assertEqual(F.f(F()), 'ABCD')
+
+    def test_class_methods_still_working(self):
+        self.assertEqual(A.cm(), (A, 'A'))
+        self.assertEqual(A().cm(), (A, 'A'))
+        self.assertEqual(G.cm(), (G, 'A'))
+        self.assertEqual(G().cm(), (G, 'A'))
+
+    def test_super_in_class_methods_working(self):
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(d.cm(), (d, (D, (D, (D, 'A'), 'B'), 'C'), 'D'))
+        e = E()
+        self.assertEqual(e.cm(), (e, (E, (E, (E, 'A'), 'B'), 'C'), 'D'))
+
+    def test_super_with_closure(self):
+        # Issue4360: super() did not work in a function that
+        # contains a closure
+        class E(A):
+            def f(self):
+                def nested():
+                    self
+                return super().f() + 'E'
+
+        self.assertEqual(E().f(), 'AE')
+
+    # We declare this test invalid: __class__ should be a class.
+    # def test___class___set(self):
+    #     # See issue #12370
+    #     class X(A):
+    #         def f(self):
+    #             return super().f()
+    #         __class__ = 413
+    #     x = X()
+    #     self.assertEqual(x.f(), 'A')
+    #     self.assertEqual(x.__class__, 413)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY2, "no __class__ on Py2")
+    def test___class___instancemethod(self):
+        # See issue #14857
+        class X(object):
+            def f(self):
+                return __class__
+        self.assertIs(X().f(), X)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY2, "no __class__ on Py2")
+    def test___class___classmethod(self):
+        # See issue #14857
+        class X(object):
+            @classmethod
+            def f(cls):
+                return __class__
+        self.assertIs(X.f(), X)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY2, "no __class__ on Py2")
+    def test___class___staticmethod(self):
+        # See issue #14857
+        class X(object):
+            @staticmethod
+            def f():
+                return __class__
+        self.assertIs(X.f(), X)
+
+    def test_obscure_super_errors(self):
+        def f():
+            super()
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, f)
+        def f(x):
+            del x
+            super()
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, f, None)
+        # class X(object):
+        #     def f(x):
+        #         nonlocal __class__
+        #         del __class__
+        #         super()
+        # self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, X().f)
+
+    def test_cell_as_self(self):
+        class X(object):
+            def meth(self):
+                super()
+
+        def f():
+            k = X()
+            def g():
+                return k
+            return g
+        c = f().__closure__[0]
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, X.meth, c)
+
+    def test_properties(self):
+        class Harmless(object):
+            bomb = ''
+
+            def walk(self):
+                return self.bomb
+
+        class Dangerous(Harmless):
+            @property
+            def bomb(self):
+                raise Exception("Kaboom")
+
+            def walk(self):
+                return super().walk()
+
+        class Elite(Dangerous):
+            bomb = 'Defused'
+
+        self.assertEqual(Elite().walk(), 'Defused')
+
+
+class TestSuperFromTestDescrDotPy(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    These are from Python 3.3.5/Lib/test/test_descr.py
+    """
+    @skip26
+    def test_classmethods(self):
+        # Testing class methods...
+        class C(object):
+            def foo(*a): return a
+            goo = classmethod(foo)
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (C, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (C, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1))
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (D, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (D, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
+        # Test for a specific crash (SF bug 528132)
+        def f(cls, arg): return (cls, arg)
+        ff = classmethod(f)
+        self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0, int)(42), (int, 42))
+        self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0)(42), (int, 42))
+
+        # Test super() with classmethods (SF bug 535444)
+        self.assertEqual(C.goo.__self__, C)
+        self.assertEqual(D.goo.__self__, D)
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo.__self__, D)
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo.__self__, D)
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo(), (D,))
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo(), (D,))
+
+        # Verify that a non-callable will raise
+        meth = classmethod(1).__get__(1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth)
+
+        # Verify that classmethod() doesn't allow keyword args
+        try:
+            classmethod(f, kw=1)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("classmethod shouldn't accept keyword args")
+
+        # cm = classmethod(f)
+        # self.assertEqual(cm.__dict__, {})
+        # cm.x = 42
+        # self.assertEqual(cm.x, 42)
+        # self.assertEqual(cm.__dict__, {"x" : 42})
+        # del cm.x
+        # self.assertTrue(not hasattr(cm, "x"))
+
+    def test_supers(self):
+        # Testing super...
+
+        class A(object):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "A(%r)" % a
+
+        self.assertEqual(A().meth(1), "A(1)")
+
+        class B(A):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.__super = super(B, self)
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "B(%r)" % a + self.__super.meth(a)
+
+        self.assertEqual(B().meth(2), "B(2)A(2)")
+
+        class C(A):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "C(%r)" % a + self.__super.meth(a)
+        C._C__super = super(C)
+
+        self.assertEqual(C().meth(3), "C(3)A(3)")
+
+        class D(C, B):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "D(%r)" % a + super(D, self).meth(a)
+
+        self.assertEqual(D().meth(4), "D(4)C(4)B(4)A(4)")
+
+        # # Test for subclassing super
+
+        # class mysuper(super):
+        #     def __init__(self, *args):
+        #         return super(mysuper, self).__init__(*args)
+
+        # class E(D):
+        #     def meth(self, a):
+        #         return "E(%r)" % a + mysuper(E, self).meth(a)
+
+        # self.assertEqual(E().meth(5), "E(5)D(5)C(5)B(5)A(5)")
+
+        # class F(E):
+        #     def meth(self, a):
+        #         s = self.__super # == mysuper(F, self)
+        #         return "F(%r)[%s]" % (a, s.__class__.__name__) + s.meth(a)
+        # F._F__super = mysuper(F)
+
+        # self.assertEqual(F().meth(6), "F(6)[mysuper]E(6)D(6)C(6)B(6)A(6)")
+
+        # Make sure certain errors are raised
+
+        try:
+            super(D, 42)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D, 42)")
+
+        try:
+            super(D, C())
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D, C())")
+
+        try:
+            super(D).__get__(12)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D).__get__(12)")
+
+        try:
+            super(D).__get__(C())
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D).__get__(C())")
+
+        # Make sure data descriptors can be overridden and accessed via super
+        # (new feature in Python 2.3)
+
+        class DDbase(object):
+            def getx(self): return 42
+            x = property(getx)
+
+        class DDsub(DDbase):
+            def getx(self): return "hello"
+            x = property(getx)
+
+        dd = DDsub()
+        self.assertEqual(dd.x, "hello")
+        self.assertEqual(super(DDsub, dd).x, 42)
+
+        # Ensure that super() lookup of descriptor from classmethod
+        # works (SF ID# 743627)
+
+        class Base(object):
+            aProp = property(lambda self: "foo")
+
+        class Sub(Base):
+            @classmethod
+            def test(klass):
+                return super(Sub,klass).aProp
+
+        self.assertEqual(Sub.test(), Base.aProp)
+
+        # Verify that super() doesn't allow keyword args
+        try:
+            super(Base, kw=1)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual("super shouldn't accept keyword args")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_surrogateescape.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_surrogateescape.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7789ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_surrogateescape.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the surrogateescape codec
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+from future.builtins import (bytes, dict, int, range, round, str, super,
+                             ascii, chr, hex, input, next, oct, open, pow,
+                             filter, map, zip)
+from future.utils.surrogateescape import register_surrogateescape
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY26, expectedFailurePY2
+
+
+class TestSurrogateEscape(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        register_surrogateescape()
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26    # Python 2.6 str.decode() takes no keyword args
+    def test_surrogateescape(self):
+        """
+        From the backport of the email package
+        """
+        s = b'From: foo@bar.com\nTo: baz\nMime-Version: 1.0\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\n\ncMO2c3RhbA\xc3\xa1=\n'
+        u = 'From: foo@bar.com\nTo: baz\nMime-Version: 1.0\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\n\ncMO2c3RhbA\udcc3\udca1=\n'
+        s2 = s.decode('ASCII', errors='surrogateescape')
+        self.assertEqual(s2, u)
+
+    def test_encode_ascii_surrogateescape(self):
+        """
+        This crops up in the email module. It would be nice if it worked ...
+        """
+        payload = str(u'cMO2c3RhbA\udcc3\udca1=\n')
+        b = payload.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'cMO2c3RhbA\xc3\xa1=\n')
+
+    def test_encode_ascii_unicode(self):
+        """
+        Verify that exceptions are raised properly.
+        """
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, u'\N{SNOWMAN}'.encode, 'US-ASCII', 'surrogateescape')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_encode_ascii_surrogateescape_non_newstr(self):
+        """
+        As above but without a newstr object. Fails on Py2.
+        """
+        payload = u'cMO2c3RhbA\udcc3\udca1=\n'
+        b = payload.encode('ascii', 'surrogateescape')
+        self.assertEqual(b, b'cMO2c3RhbA\xc3\xa1=\n')
+
+
+class SurrogateEscapeTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    These tests are from Python 3.3's test suite
+    """
+    def setUp(self):
+        register_surrogateescape()
+
+    def test_utf8(self):
+        # Bad byte
+        self.assertEqual(b"foo\x80bar".decode("utf-8", "surrogateescape"),
+                         "foo\udc80bar")
+        self.assertEqual(str("foo\udc80bar").encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape"),
+                         b"foo\x80bar")
+        # bad-utf-8 encoded surrogate
+        # self.assertEqual(b"\xed\xb0\x80".decode("utf-8", "surrogateescape"),
+        #                  "\udced\udcb0\udc80")
+        self.assertEqual(str("\udced\udcb0\udc80").encode("utf-8", "surrogateescape"),
+                         b"\xed\xb0\x80")
+
+    def test_ascii(self):
+        # bad byte
+        self.assertEqual(b"foo\x80bar".decode("ascii", "surrogateescape"),
+                         "foo\udc80bar")
+        # Fails:
+        # self.assertEqual("foo\udc80bar".encode("ascii", "surrogateescape"),
+        #                  b"foo\x80bar")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_charmap(self):
+        # bad byte: \xa5 is unmapped in iso-8859-3
+        self.assertEqual(b"foo\xa5bar".decode("iso-8859-3", "surrogateescape"),
+                         "foo\udca5bar")
+        self.assertEqual("foo\udca5bar".encode("iso-8859-3", "surrogateescape"),
+                         b"foo\xa5bar")
+
+    def test_latin1(self):
+        # Issue6373
+        self.assertEqual("\udce4\udceb\udcef\udcf6\udcfc".encode("latin-1", "surrogateescape"),
+                         b"\xe4\xeb\xef\xf6\xfc")
+
+    # FIXME:
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_encoding_works_normally(self):
+        """
+        Test that encoding into various encodings (particularly utf-16)
+        still works with the surrogateescape error handler in action ...
+        """
+        TEST_UNICODE_STR = u'ℝεα∂@ßʟ℮ ☂ℯṧт υηḯ¢☺ḓ℮'
+        # Tk icon as a .gif:
+        TEST_BYTE_STR = b'GIF89a\x0e\x00\x0b\x00\x80\xff\x00\xff\x00\x00\xc0\xc0\xc0!\xf9\x04\x01\x00\x00\x01\x00,\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0e\x00\x0b\x00@\x02\x1f\x0c\x8e\x10\xbb\xcan\x90\x99\xaf&\xd8\x1a\xce\x9ar\x06F\xd7\xf1\x90\xa1c\x9e\xe8\x84\x99\x89\x97\xa2J\x01\x00;\x1a\x14\x00;;\xba\nD\x14\x00\x00;;'
+        # s1 = 'quéstionable'
+        s1 = TEST_UNICODE_STR
+        b1 = s1.encode('utf-8')
+        b2 = s1.encode('utf-16')
+        # b3 = s1.encode('latin-1')
+        self.assertEqual(b1, str(s1).encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape'))
+        self.assertEqual(b2, str(s1).encode('utf-16', 'surrogateescape'))
+        # self.assertEqual(b3, str(s1).encode('latin-1', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+        s2 = 'きたないのよりきれいな方がいい'
+        b4 = s2.encode('utf-8')
+        b5 = s2.encode('utf-16')
+        b6 = s2.encode('shift-jis')
+        self.assertEqual(b4, str(s2).encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape'))
+        self.assertEqual(b5, str(s2).encode('utf-16', 'surrogateescape'))
+        self.assertEqual(b6, str(s2).encode('shift-jis', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+    def test_decoding_works_normally(self):
+        """
+        Test that decoding into various encodings (particularly utf-16)
+        still works with the surrogateescape error handler in action ...
+        """
+        s1 = 'quéstionable'
+        b1 = s1.encode('utf-8')
+        b2 = s1.encode('utf-16')
+        b3 = s1.encode('latin-1')
+        self.assertEqual(s1, b1.decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape'))
+        self.assertEqual(s1, b2.decode('utf-16', 'surrogateescape'))
+        self.assertEqual(s1, b3.decode('latin-1', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+        s2 = '文'
+        b4 = s2.encode('utf-8')
+        b5 = s2.encode('utf-16')
+        b6 = s2.encode('shift-jis')
+        self.assertEqual(s2, b4.decode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape'))
+        self.assertEqual(s2, b5.decode('utf-16', 'surrogateescape'))
+        self.assertEqual(s2, b6.decode('shift-jis', 'surrogateescape'))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..278bafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1386 @@
+"""Regresssion tests for urllib"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+
+import io
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
+from base64 import b64encode
+import collections
+
+from future.builtins import bytes, chr, hex, open, range, str, int
+from future.backports.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
+from future.backports.urllib import request as urllib_request
+from future.backports.urllib import error as urllib_error
+from future.backports.http import client as http_client
+from future.backports.test import support
+from future.backports.email import message as email_message
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26, expectedFailurePY26
+
+
+def hexescape(char):
+    """Escape char as RFC 2396 specifies"""
+    hex_repr = hex(ord(char))[2:].upper()
+    if len(hex_repr) == 1:
+        hex_repr = "0%s" % hex_repr
+    return "%" + hex_repr
+
+# Shortcut for testing FancyURLopener
+_urlopener = None
+
+
+def urlopen(url, data=None, proxies=None):
+    """urlopen(url [, data]) -> open file-like object"""
+    global _urlopener
+    if proxies is not None:
+        opener = urllib_request.FancyURLopener(proxies=proxies)
+    elif not _urlopener:
+        with support.check_warnings(
+                ('FancyURLopener style of invoking requests is deprecated.',
+                DeprecationWarning)):
+            opener = urllib_request.FancyURLopener()
+        _urlopener = opener
+    else:
+        opener = _urlopener
+    if data is None:
+        return opener.open(url)
+    else:
+        return opener.open(url, data)
+
+
+class FakeHTTPMixin(object):
+    def fakehttp(self, fakedata):
+        class FakeSocket(io.BytesIO):
+            io_refs = 1
+
+            def sendall(self, data):
+                FakeHTTPConnection.buf = data
+
+            def makefile(self, *args, **kwds):
+                self.io_refs += 1
+                return self
+
+            def read(self, amt=None):
+                if self.closed:
+                    return b""
+                return io.BytesIO.read(self, amt)
+
+            def readline(self, length=None):
+                if self.closed:
+                    return b""
+                return io.BytesIO.readline(self, length)
+
+            def close(self):
+                self.io_refs -= 1
+                if self.io_refs == 0:
+                    io.BytesIO.close(self)
+
+        class FakeHTTPConnection(http_client.HTTPConnection):
+
+            # buffer to store data for verification in urlopen tests.
+            buf = None
+
+            def connect(self):
+                self.sock = FakeSocket(fakedata)
+
+        self._connection_class = http_client.HTTPConnection
+        http_client.HTTPConnection = FakeHTTPConnection
+
+    def unfakehttp(self):
+        http_client.HTTPConnection = self._connection_class
+
+
+class urlopen_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test urlopen() opening a temporary file.
+
+    Try to test as much functionality as possible so as to cut down on reliance
+    on connecting to the Net for testing.
+
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Create a temp file to use for testing
+        self.text = bytes("test_urllib: %s\n" % self.__class__.__name__,
+                          "ascii")
+        f = open(support.TESTFN, 'wb')
+        try:
+            f.write(self.text)
+        finally:
+            f.close()
+        self.pathname = support.TESTFN
+        self.returned_obj = urlopen("file:%s" % self.pathname)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        """Shut down the open object"""
+        self.returned_obj.close()
+        os.remove(support.TESTFN)
+
+    def test_interface(self):
+        # Make sure object returned by urlopen() has the specified methods
+        for attr in ("read", "readline", "readlines", "fileno",
+                     "close", "info", "geturl", "getcode", "__iter__"):
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.returned_obj, attr),
+                         "object returned by urlopen() lacks %s attribute" %
+                         attr)
+
+    def test_read(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.text, self.returned_obj.read())
+
+    def test_readline(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.text, self.returned_obj.readline())
+        self.assertEqual(b'', self.returned_obj.readline(),
+                         "calling readline() after exhausting the file did not"
+                         " return an empty string")
+
+    def test_readlines(self):
+        lines_list = self.returned_obj.readlines()
+        self.assertEqual(len(lines_list), 1,
+                         "readlines() returned the wrong number of lines")
+        self.assertEqual(lines_list[0], self.text,
+                         "readlines() returned improper text")
+
+    def test_fileno(self):
+        file_num = self.returned_obj.fileno()
+        self.assertIsInstance(file_num, int, "fileno() did not return an int")
+        self.assertEqual(os.read(file_num, len(self.text)), self.text,
+                         "Reading on the file descriptor returned by fileno() "
+                         "did not return the expected text")
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        # Test close() by calling it here and then having it be called again
+        # by the tearDown() method for the test
+        self.returned_obj.close()
+
+    def test_info(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.returned_obj.info(), email_message.Message)
+
+    def test_geturl(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.returned_obj.geturl(), self.pathname)
+
+    def test_getcode(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(self.returned_obj.getcode())
+
+    def test_iter(self):
+        # Test iterator
+        # Don't need to count number of iterations since test would fail the
+        # instant it returned anything beyond the first line from the
+        # comparison.
+        # Use the iterator in the usual implicit way to test for ticket #4608.
+        for line in self.returned_obj:
+            self.assertEqual(line, self.text)
+
+    def test_relativelocalfile(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,urllib_request.urlopen,'./' + self.pathname)
+
+class ProxyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Records changes to env vars
+        self.env = support.EnvironmentVarGuard()
+        # Delete all proxy related env vars
+        for k in list(os.environ):
+            if 'proxy' in k.lower():
+                self.env.unset(k)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # Restore all proxy related env vars
+        self.env.__exit__()
+        del self.env
+
+    def test_getproxies_environment_keep_no_proxies(self):
+        self.env.set('NO_PROXY', 'localhost')
+        proxies = urllib_request.getproxies_environment()
+        # getproxies_environment use lowered case truncated (no '_proxy') keys
+        self.assertEqual('localhost', proxies['no'])
+        # List of no_proxies with space.
+        self.env.set('NO_PROXY', 'localhost, anotherdomain.com, newdomain.com')
+        self.assertTrue(urllib_request.proxy_bypass_environment('anotherdomain.com'))
+
+class urlopen_HttpTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeHTTPMixin):
+    """Test urlopen() opening a fake http connection."""
+
+    def check_read(self, ver):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/" + ver + b" 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            fp = urlopen("http://python.org/")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), 'http://python.org/')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_url_fragment(self):
+        # Issue #11703: geturl() omits fragments in the original URL.
+        url = 'http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html#OK'
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            fp = urllib_request.urlopen(url)
+            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), url)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_willclose(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            resp = urlopen("http://www.python.org")
+            self.assertTrue(resp.fp.will_close)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_read_0_9(self):
+        # "0.9" response accepted (but not "simple responses" without
+        # a status line)
+        self.check_read(b"0.9")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_read_1_0(self):
+        self.check_read(b"1.0")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_read_1_1(self):
+        self.check_read(b"1.1")
+
+    def test_read_bogus(self):
+        # urlopen() should raise IOError for many error codes.
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 401 Authentication Required
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Connection: close
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+''')
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(IOError, urlopen, "http://python.org/")
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_invalid_redirect(self):
+        # urlopen() should raise IOError for many error codes.
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 302 Found
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Location: file://guidocomputer.athome.com:/python/license
+Connection: close
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+''')
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(urllib_error.HTTPError, urlopen,
+                              "http://python.org/")
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_empty_socket(self):
+        # urlopen() raises IOError if the underlying socket does not send any
+        # data. (#1680230)
+        self.fakehttp(b'')
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(IOError, urlopen, "http://something")
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_missing_localfile(self):
+        # Test for #10836
+        # 3.3 - URLError is not captured, explicit IOError is raised.
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen('file://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
+
+    def test_file_notexists(self):
+        fd, tmp_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        tmp_fileurl = 'file://localhost/' + tmp_file.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        try:
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(tmp_file))
+            with urlopen(tmp_fileurl) as fobj:
+                self.assertTrue(fobj)
+        finally:
+            os.close(fd)
+            os.unlink(tmp_file)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(tmp_file))
+        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen(tmp_fileurl)
+
+    def test_ftp_nohost(self):
+        test_ftp_url = 'ftp:///path'
+        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen(test_ftp_url)
+
+    def test_ftp_nonexisting(self):
+        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen('ftp://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
+
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_userpass_inurl(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            fp = urlopen("http://user:pass@python.org/")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), 'http://user:pass@python.org/')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_userpass_inurl_w_spaces(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            userpass = "a b:c d"
+            url = "http://{0}@python.org/".format(userpass)
+            fakehttp_wrapper = http_client.HTTPConnection
+            authorization = ("Authorization: Basic %s\r\n" %
+                             b64encode(userpass.encode("ASCII")).decode("ASCII"))
+            fp = urlopen(url)
+            # The authorization header must be in place
+            self.assertIn(authorization, fakehttp_wrapper.buf.decode("UTF-8"))
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
+            # the spaces are quoted in URL so no match
+            self.assertNotEqual(fp.geturl(), url)
+            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_URLopener_deprecation(self):
+        with support.check_warnings(('',DeprecationWarning)):
+            urllib_request.URLopener()
+
+class urlretrieve_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test urllib.urlretrieve() on local files"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Create a list of temporary files. Each item in the list is a file
+        # name (absolute path or relative to the current working directory).
+        # All files in this list will be deleted in the tearDown method. Note,
+        # this only helps to makes sure temporary files get deleted, but it
+        # does nothing about trying to close files that may still be open. It
+        # is the responsibility of the developer to properly close files even
+        # when exceptional conditions occur.
+        self.tempFiles = []
+
+        # Create a temporary file.
+        self.registerFileForCleanUp(support.TESTFN)
+        self.text = b'testing urllib.urlretrieve'
+        try:
+            FILE = open(support.TESTFN, 'wb')
+            FILE.write(self.text)
+            FILE.close()
+        finally:
+            try: FILE.close()
+            except: pass
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # Delete the temporary files.
+        for each in self.tempFiles:
+            try: os.remove(each)
+            except: pass
+
+    def constructLocalFileUrl(self, filePath):
+        filePath = os.path.abspath(filePath)
+        try:
+            filePath.encode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("filePath is not encodable to utf8")
+        return "file://%s" % urllib_request.pathname2url(filePath)
+
+    def createNewTempFile(self, data=b""):
+        """Creates a new temporary file containing the specified data,
+        registers the file for deletion during the test fixture tear down, and
+        returns the absolute path of the file."""
+
+        newFd, newFilePath = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        try:
+            self.registerFileForCleanUp(newFilePath)
+            newFile = os.fdopen(newFd, "wb")
+            newFile.write(data)
+            newFile.close()
+        finally:
+            try: newFile.close()
+            except: pass
+        return newFilePath
+
+    def registerFileForCleanUp(self, fileName):
+        self.tempFiles.append(fileName)
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Make sure that a local file just gets its own location returned and
+        # a headers value is returned.
+        result = urllib_request.urlretrieve("file:%s" % support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertEqual(result[0], support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertIsInstance(result[1], email_message.Message,
+                              "did not get a email.message.Message instance "
+                              "as second returned value")
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        # Test that setting the filename argument works.
+        second_temp = "%s.2" % support.TESTFN
+        self.registerFileForCleanUp(second_temp)
+        result = urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(
+            support.TESTFN), second_temp)
+        self.assertEqual(second_temp, result[0])
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(second_temp), "copy of the file was not "
+                                                  "made")
+        FILE = open(second_temp, 'rb')
+        try:
+            text = FILE.read()
+            FILE.close()
+        finally:
+            try: FILE.close()
+            except: pass
+        self.assertEqual(self.text, text)
+
+    def test_reporthook(self):
+        # Make sure that the reporthook works.
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, count_holder=[0]):
+            self.assertIsInstance(block_count, int)
+            self.assertIsInstance(block_read_size, int)
+            self.assertIsInstance(file_size, int)
+            self.assertEqual(block_count, count_holder[0])
+            count_holder[0] = count_holder[0] + 1
+        second_temp = "%s.2" % support.TESTFN
+        self.registerFileForCleanUp(second_temp)
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(
+            self.constructLocalFileUrl(support.TESTFN),
+            second_temp, hooktester)
+
+    def test_reporthook_0_bytes(self):
+        # Test on zero length file. Should call reporthook only 1 time.
+        report = []
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
+            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
+        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile()
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
+            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
+        self.assertEqual(len(report), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 0)
+
+    def test_reporthook_5_bytes(self):
+        # Test on 5 byte file. Should call reporthook only 2 times (once when
+        # the "network connection" is established and once when the block is
+        # read).
+        report = []
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
+            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
+        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile(b"x" * 5)
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
+            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
+        self.assertEqual(len(report), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 5)
+        self.assertEqual(report[1][2], 5)
+
+    def test_reporthook_8193_bytes(self):
+        # Test on 8193 byte file. Should call reporthook only 3 times (once
+        # when the "network connection" is established, once for the next 8192
+        # bytes, and once for the last byte).
+        report = []
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
+            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
+        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile(b"x" * 8193)
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
+            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
+        self.assertEqual(len(report), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 8193)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][1], 8192)
+        self.assertEqual(report[1][1], 8192)
+        self.assertEqual(report[2][1], 8192)
+
+
+class urlretrieve_HttpTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeHTTPMixin):
+    """Test urllib.urlretrieve() using fake http connections"""
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_short_content_raises_ContentTooShortError(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Connection: close
+Content-Length: 100
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+
+FF
+''')
+
+        def _reporthook(par1, par2, par3):
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib_error.ContentTooShortError):
+            try:
+                urllib_request.urlretrieve('http://example.com/',
+                                           reporthook=_reporthook)
+            finally:
+                self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_short_content_raises_ContentTooShortError_without_reporthook(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Connection: close
+Content-Length: 100
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+
+FF
+''')
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib_error.ContentTooShortError):
+            try:
+                urllib_request.urlretrieve('http://example.com/')
+            finally:
+                self.unfakehttp()
+
+
+class QuotingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for urllib.quote() and urllib.quote_plus()
+
+    According to RFC 2396 (Uniform Resource Identifiers), to escape a
+    character you write it as '%' + <2 character US-ASCII hex value>.
+    The Python code of ``'%' + hex(ord(<character>))[2:]`` escapes a
+    character properly. Case does not matter on the hex letters.
+
+    The various character sets specified are:
+
+    Reserved characters : ";/?:@&=+$,"
+        Have special meaning in URIs and must be escaped if not being used for
+        their special meaning
+    Data characters : letters, digits, and "-_.!~*'()"
+        Unreserved and do not need to be escaped; can be, though, if desired
+    Control characters : 0x00 - 0x1F, 0x7F
+        Have no use in URIs so must be escaped
+    space : 0x20
+        Must be escaped
+    Delimiters : '<>#%"'
+        Must be escaped
+    Unwise : "{}|\^[]`"
+        Must be escaped
+
+    """
+
+    def test_never_quote(self):
+        # Make sure quote() does not quote letters, digits, and "_,.-"
+        do_not_quote = '' .join(["ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",
+                                 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
+                                 "0123456789",
+                                 "_.-"])
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(do_not_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(do_not_quote, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (do_not_quote, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(do_not_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(do_not_quote, result,
+                        "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (do_not_quote, result))
+
+    def test_default_safe(self):
+        # Test '/' is default value for 'safe' parameter
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote.__defaults__[0], '/')
+
+    def test_safe(self):
+        # Test setting 'safe' parameter does what it should do
+        quote_by_default = "<>"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(quote_by_default, safe=quote_by_default)
+        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (quote_by_default, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(quote_by_default,
+                                         safe=quote_by_default)
+        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" %
+                         (quote_by_default, result))
+        # Safe expressed as bytes rather than str
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(quote_by_default, safe=b"<>")
+        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (quote_by_default, result))
+        # "Safe" non-ASCII characters should have no effect
+        # (Since URIs are not allowed to have non-ASCII characters)
+        result = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="\xfc")
+        expect = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        # Same as above, but using a bytes rather than str
+        result = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe=b"\xfc")
+        expect = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" %
+                         (expect, result))
+
+    def test_default_quoting(self):
+        # Make sure all characters that should be quoted are by default sans
+        # space (separate test for that).
+        should_quote = [chr(num) for num in range(32)] # For 0x00 - 0x1F
+        should_quote.append('<>#%"{}|\^[]`')
+        should_quote.append(chr(127)) # For 0x7F
+        should_quote = ''.join(should_quote)
+        for char in should_quote:
+            result = urllib_parse.quote(char)
+            self.assertEqual(hexescape(char), result,
+                             "using quote(): "
+                             "%s should be escaped to %s, not %s" %
+                             (char, hexescape(char), result))
+            result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(char)
+            self.assertEqual(hexescape(char), result,
+                             "using quote_plus(): "
+                             "%s should be escapes to %s, not %s" %
+                             (char, hexescape(char), result))
+        del should_quote
+        partial_quote = "ab[]cd"
+        expected = "ab%5B%5Dcd"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(partial_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expected, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(partial_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expected, result))
+
+    def test_quoting_space(self):
+        # Make sure quote() and quote_plus() handle spaces as specified in
+        # their unique way
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(' ')
+        self.assertEqual(result, hexescape(' '),
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (result, hexescape(' ')))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(' ')
+        self.assertEqual(result, '+',
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != +" % result)
+        given = "a b cd e f"
+        expect = given.replace(' ', hexescape(' '))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        expect = given.replace(' ', '+')
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_quoting_plus(self):
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma'),
+                         'alpha%2Bbeta+gamma')
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma', '+'),
+                         'alpha+beta+gamma')
+        # Test with bytes
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus(b'alpha+beta gamma'),
+                         'alpha%2Bbeta+gamma')
+        # Test with safe bytes
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma', b'+'),
+                         'alpha+beta+gamma')
+
+    def test_quote_bytes(self):
+        # Bytes should quote directly to percent-encoded values
+        given = b"\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
+        expect = "%A2%D8ab%FF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Encoding argument should raise type error on bytes input
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib_parse.quote, given,
+                            encoding="latin-1")
+        # quote_from_bytes should work the same
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_from_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_from_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_quote_with_unicode(self):
+        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded by default in UTF-8
+        given = "\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
+        expect = "%C2%A2%C3%98ab%C3%BF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded by with None (default)
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding=None, errors=None)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded with Latin-1
+        given = "\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
+        expect = "%A2%D8ab%FF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded by default in UTF-8
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"              # "Kanji"
+        expect = "%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded with Latin-1
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, urllib_parse.quote, given,
+                                    encoding="latin-1")
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded with Latin-1, with replace error handling
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
+        expect = "%3F%3F"                   # "??"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1",
+                                    errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in BMP, Latin-1, with xmlcharref error handling
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
+        expect = "%26%2328450%3B%26%2323383%3B"     # "&#28450;&#23383;"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1",
+                                    errors="xmlcharrefreplace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_quote_plus_with_unicode(self):
+        # Encoding (latin-1) test for quote_plus
+        given = "\xa2\xd8 \xff"
+        expect = "%A2%D8+%FF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(given, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Errors test for quote_plus
+        given = "ab\u6f22\u5b57 cd"
+        expect = "ab%3F%3F+cd"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(given, encoding="latin-1",
+                                         errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+
+class UnquotingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for unquote() and unquote_plus()
+
+    See the doc string for quoting_Tests for details on quoting and such.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_unquoting(self):
+        # Make sure unquoting of all ASCII values works
+        escape_list = []
+        for num in range(128):
+            given = hexescape(chr(num))
+            expect = chr(num)
+            result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                             "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+            result = urllib_parse.unquote_plus(given)
+            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                             "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" %
+                             (expect, result))
+            escape_list.append(given)
+        escape_string = ''.join(escape_list)
+        del escape_list
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(escape_string)
+        self.assertEqual(result.count('%'), 1,
+                         "using unquote(): not all characters escaped: "
+                         "%s" % result)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote, None)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote, ())
+        with support.check_warnings(('', BytesWarning), quiet=True):
+            self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote, bytes(b''))
+
+    def test_unquoting_badpercent(self):
+        # Test unquoting on bad percent-escapes
+        given = '%xab'
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%x'
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%'
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # unquote_to_bytes
+        given = '%xab'
+        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%x'
+        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%'
+        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes, None)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes, ())
+
+    def test_unquoting_mixed_case(self):
+        # Test unquoting on mixed-case hex digits in the percent-escapes
+        given = '%Ab%eA'
+        expect = b'\xab\xea'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquoting_parts(self):
+        # Make sure unquoting works when have non-quoted characters
+        # interspersed
+        given = 'ab%sd' % hexescape('c')
+        expect = "abcd"
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_plus(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquoting_plus(self):
+        # Test difference between unquote() and unquote_plus()
+        given = "are+there+spaces..."
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        expect = given.replace('+', ' ')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_plus(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquote_to_bytes(self):
+        given = 'br%C3%BCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        expect = b'br\xc3\xbcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # Test on a string with unescaped non-ASCII characters
+        # (Technically an invalid URI; expect those characters to be UTF-8
+        # encoded).
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes("\u6f22%C3%BC")
+        expect = b'\xe6\xbc\xa2\xc3\xbc'    # UTF-8 for "\u6f22\u00fc"
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # Test with a bytes as input
+        given = b'%A2%D8ab%FF'
+        expect = b'\xa2\xd8ab\xff'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # Test with a bytes as input, with unescaped non-ASCII bytes
+        # (Technically an invalid URI; expect those bytes to be preserved)
+        given = b'%A2\xd8ab%FF'
+        expect = b'\xa2\xd8ab\xff'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquote_with_unicode(self):
+        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with UTF-8
+        given = 'br%C3%BCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        expect = 'br\u00fcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with None (default)
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given, encoding=None, errors=None)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with Latin-1
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote('br%FCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc',
+                                      encoding="latin-1")
+        expect = 'br\u00fcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded with UTF-8
+        given = "%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97"
+        expect = "\u6f22\u5b57"             # "Kanji"
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence
+        given = "%F3%B1"
+        expect = "\ufffd"                   # Replacement character
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence, replace errors
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given, errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence, ignoring errors
+        given = "%F3%B1"
+        expect = ""
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given, errors="ignore")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # A mix of non-ASCII and percent-encoded characters, UTF-8
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote("\u6f22%C3%BC")
+        expect = '\u6f22\u00fc'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # A mix of non-ASCII and percent-encoded characters, Latin-1
+        # (Note, the string contains non-Latin-1-representable characters)
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote("\u6f22%FC", encoding="latin-1")
+        expect = '\u6f22\u00fc'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+class urlencode_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for urlencode()"""
+
+    def help_inputtype(self, given, test_type):
+        """Helper method for testing different input types.
+
+        'given' must lead to only the pairs:
+            * 1st, 1
+            * 2nd, 2
+            * 3rd, 3
+
+        Test cannot assume anything about order.  Docs make no guarantee and
+        have possible dictionary input.
+
+        """
+        expect_somewhere = ["1st=1", "2nd=2", "3rd=3"]
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        for expected in expect_somewhere:
+            self.assertIn(expected, result,
+                         "testing %s: %s not found in %s" %
+                         (test_type, expected, result))
+        self.assertEqual(result.count('&'), 2,
+                         "testing %s: expected 2 '&'s; got %s" %
+                         (test_type, result.count('&')))
+        amp_location = result.index('&')
+        on_amp_left = result[amp_location - 1]
+        on_amp_right = result[amp_location + 1]
+        self.assertTrue(on_amp_left.isdigit() and on_amp_right.isdigit(),
+                     "testing %s: '&' not located in proper place in %s" %
+                     (test_type, result))
+        self.assertEqual(len(result), (5 * 3) + 2, #5 chars per thing and amps
+                         "testing %s: "
+                         "unexpected number of characters: %s != %s" %
+                         (test_type, len(result), (5 * 3) + 2))
+
+    def test_using_mapping(self):
+        # Test passing in a mapping object as an argument.
+        self.help_inputtype({"1st":'1', "2nd":'2', "3rd":'3'},
+                            "using dict as input type")
+
+    def test_using_sequence(self):
+        # Test passing in a sequence of two-item sequences as an argument.
+        self.help_inputtype([('1st', '1'), ('2nd', '2'), ('3rd', '3')],
+                            "using sequence of two-item tuples as input")
+
+    def test_quoting(self):
+        # Make sure keys and values are quoted using quote_plus()
+        given = {"&":"="}
+        expect = "%s=%s" % (hexescape('&'), hexescape('='))
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+        given = {"key name":"A bunch of pluses"}
+        expect = "key+name=A+bunch+of+pluses"
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_doseq(self):
+        # Test that passing True for 'doseq' parameter works correctly
+        given = {'sequence':['1', '2', '3']}
+        expect = "sequence=%s" % urllib_parse.quote_plus(str(['1', '2', '3']))
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        for value in given["sequence"]:
+            expect = "sequence=%s" % value
+            self.assertIn(expect, result)
+        self.assertEqual(result.count('&'), 2,
+                         "Expected 2 '&'s, got %s" % result.count('&'))
+
+    def test_empty_sequence(self):
+        self.assertEqual("", urllib_parse.urlencode({}))
+        self.assertEqual("", urllib_parse.urlencode([]))
+
+    def test_nonstring_values(self):
+        self.assertEqual("a=1", urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": 1}))
+        self.assertEqual("a=None", urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": None}))
+
+    def test_nonstring_seq_values(self):
+        from future.backports import OrderedDict
+        self.assertEqual("a=1&a=2", urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": [1, 2]}, True))
+        self.assertEqual("a=None&a=a",
+                         urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": [None, "a"]}, True))
+        data = OrderedDict([("a", 1), ("b", 1)])
+        self.assertEqual("a=a&a=b",
+                         urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": data}, True))
+
+    def test_urlencode_encoding(self):
+        # ASCII encoding. Expect %3F with errors="replace'
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%3F=%3F'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Default is UTF-8 encoding.
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Latin-1 encoding.
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%A0=%C1'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_urlencode_encoding_doseq(self):
+        # ASCII Encoding. Expect %3F with errors="replace'
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%3F=%3F'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True,
+                                        encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # ASCII Encoding. On a sequence of values.
+        given = (("\u00a0", (1, "\u00c1")),)
+        expect = '%3F=1&%3F=%3F'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True,
+                                        encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Utf-8
+        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
+        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = (("\u00a0", (42, "\u00c1")),)
+        expect = '%C2%A0=42&%C2%A0=%C3%81'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # latin-1
+        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
+        expect = '%A0=%C1'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = (("\u00a0", (42, "\u00c1")),)
+        expect = '%A0=42&%A0=%C1'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_urlencode_bytes(self):
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        expect = '%A0%24=%C1%24'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Sequence of values
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (42, b'\xc1\x24')),)
+        expect = '%A0%24=42&%A0%24=%C1%24'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_urlencode_encoding_safe_parameter(self):
+
+        # Send '$' (\x24) as safe character
+        # Default utf-8 encoding
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$")
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True, safe=":$")
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Safe parameter in sequence
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (b'\xc1\x24', 0xd, 42)),)
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$&%A0$=13&%A0$=42'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Test all above in latin-1 encoding
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$",
+                                        encoding="latin-1")
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True, safe=":$",
+                                        encoding="latin-1")
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (b'\xc1\x24', 0xd, 42)),)
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$&%A0$=13&%A0$=42'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$",
+                                        encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+class Pathname_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test pathname2url() and url2pathname()"""
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Make sure simple tests pass
+        expected_path = os.path.join("parts", "of", "a", "path")
+        expected_url = "parts/of/a/path"
+        result = urllib_request.pathname2url(expected_path)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_url, result,
+                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (result, expected_url))
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(expected_url)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_path, result,
+                         "url2pathame() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (result, expected_path))
+
+    def test_quoting(self):
+        # Test automatic quoting and unquoting works for pathnam2url() and
+        # url2pathname() respectively
+        given = os.path.join("needs", "quot=ing", "here")
+        expect = "needs/%s/here" % urllib_parse.quote("quot=ing")
+        result = urllib_request.pathname2url(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(result)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "url2pathname() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        given = os.path.join("make sure", "using_quote")
+        expect = "%s/using_quote" % urllib_parse.quote("make sure")
+        result = urllib_request.pathname2url(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        given = "make+sure/using_unquote"
+        expect = os.path.join("make+sure", "using_unquote")
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "url2pathname() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'win32',
+                         'test specific to the urllib.url2path function.')
+    def test_ntpath(self):
+        given = ('/C:/', '///C:/', '/C|//')
+        expect = 'C:\\'
+        for url in given:
+            result = urllib_request.url2pathname(url)
+            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                             'urllib_request..url2pathname() failed; %s != %s' %
+                             (expect, result))
+        given = '///C|/path'
+        expect = 'C:\\path'
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         'urllib_request.url2pathname() failed; %s != %s' %
+                         (expect, result))
+
+class Utility_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testcase to test the various utility functions in the urllib."""
+
+    def test_splitpasswd(self):
+        """Some of password examples are not sensible, but it is added to
+        confirming to RFC2617 and addressing issue4675.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'ab'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:ab'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\nb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\nb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\tb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\tb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\rb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\rb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\fb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\fb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\vb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\vb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a:b'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a:b'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a b'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a b'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user 2', 'ab'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user 2:ab'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user+1', 'a+b'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user+1:a+b'))
+
+    def test_thishost(self):
+        """Test the urllib_request.thishost utility function returns a tuple"""
+        self.assertIsInstance(urllib_request.thishost(), tuple)
+
+
+class URLopener_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testcase to test the open method of URLopener class."""
+
+    def test_quoted_open(self):
+        class DummyURLopener(urllib_request.URLopener):
+            def open_spam(self, url):
+                return url
+        with support.check_warnings(
+                ('DummyURLopener style of invoking requests is deprecated.',
+                DeprecationWarning)):
+            self.assertEqual(DummyURLopener().open(
+                'spam://example/ /'),'//example/%20/')
+
+            # test the safe characters are not quoted by urlopen
+            self.assertEqual(DummyURLopener().open(
+                "spam://c:|windows%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|/path/"),
+                "//c:|windows%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|/path/")
+
+# Just commented them out.
+# Can't really tell why keep failing in windows and sparc.
+# Everywhere else they work ok, but on those machines, sometimes
+# fail in one of the tests, sometimes in other. I have a linux, and
+# the tests go ok.
+# If anybody has one of the problematic enviroments, please help!
+# .   Facundo
+#
+# def server(evt):
+#     import socket, time
+#     serv = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+#     serv.settimeout(3)
+#     serv.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+#     serv.bind(("", 9093))
+#     serv.listen(5)
+#     try:
+#         conn, addr = serv.accept()
+#         conn.send("1 Hola mundo\n")
+#         cantdata = 0
+#         while cantdata < 13:
+#             data = conn.recv(13-cantdata)
+#             cantdata += len(data)
+#             time.sleep(.3)
+#         conn.send("2 No more lines\n")
+#         conn.close()
+#     except socket.timeout:
+#         pass
+#     finally:
+#         serv.close()
+#         evt.set()
+#
+# class FTPWrapperTests(unittest.TestCase):
+#
+#     def setUp(self):
+#         import ftplib, time, threading
+#         ftplib.FTP.port = 9093
+#         self.evt = threading.Event()
+#         threading.Thread(target=server, args=(self.evt,)).start()
+#         time.sleep(.1)
+#
+#     def tearDown(self):
+#         self.evt.wait()
+#
+#     def testBasic(self):
+#         # connects
+#         ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
+#         ftp.close()
+#
+#     def testTimeoutNone(self):
+#         # global default timeout is ignored
+#         import socket
+#         self.assertTrue(socket.getdefaulttimeout() is None)
+#         socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
+#         try:
+#             ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
+#         finally:
+#             socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
+#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+#         ftp.close()
+#
+#     def testTimeoutDefault(self):
+#         # global default timeout is used
+#         import socket
+#         self.assertTrue(socket.getdefaulttimeout() is None)
+#         socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
+#         try:
+#             ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
+#         finally:
+#             socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
+#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+#         ftp.close()
+#
+#     def testTimeoutValue(self):
+#         ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [],
+#                                 timeout=30)
+#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+#         ftp.close()
+
+class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Unit tests for urllib_request.Request."""
+
+    def test_default_values(self):
+        Request = urllib_request.Request
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'GET')
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", {})
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'POST')
+
+    def test_with_method_arg(self):
+        Request = urllib_request.Request
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", method='HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, 'HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", {}, method='HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, 'HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", method='GET')
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'GET')
+        request.method = 'HEAD'
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
+
+
+class URL2PathNameTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_converting_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|"), 'C:')
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C:"), 'C:')
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|/"), 'C:\\')
+
+    def test_converting_when_no_drive_letter(self):
+        # cannot end a raw string in \
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C/test/"), r'\\\C\test' '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("////C/test/"), r'\\C\test' '\\')
+
+    def test_simple_compare(self):
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|/foo/bar/spam.foo"),
+                         r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo')
+
+    def test_non_ascii_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, url2pathname, "///\u00e8|/")
+
+    def test_roundtrip_url2pathname(self):
+        list_of_paths = ['C:',
+                         r'\\\C\test\\',
+                         r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo'
+                         ]
+        for path in list_of_paths:
+            self.assertEqual(url2pathname(pathname2url(path)), path)
+
+class PathName2URLTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_converting_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url("C:"), '///C:')
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url("C:\\"), '///C:')
+
+    def test_converting_when_no_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\\\folder\test" "\\"),
+                         '/////folder/test/')
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\\folder\test" "\\"),
+                         '////folder/test/')
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\folder\test" "\\"),
+                         '/folder/test/')
+
+    def test_simple_compare(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo'),
+                         "///C:/foo/bar/spam.foo" )
+
+    def test_long_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, pathname2url, "XX:\\")
+
+    def test_roundtrip_pathname2url(self):
+        list_of_paths = ['///C:',
+                         '/////folder/test/',
+                         '///C:/foo/bar/spam.foo']
+        for path in list_of_paths:
+            self.assertEqual(pathname2url(url2pathname(path)), path)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib2.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d69dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1569 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+import os
+import io
+import socket
+import array
+import sys
+
+import http.client
+from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+from future.backports.test import support
+import future.backports.urllib.request as urllib_request
+# The proxy bypass method imported below has logic specific to the OSX
+# proxy config data structure but is testable on all platforms.
+from future.backports.urllib.request import Request, OpenerDirector, _proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf
+import future.backports.urllib.error as urllib_error
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26
+from future.builtins import bytes, dict, int, open, str, zip
+from future.utils import text_to_native_str
+
+install_aliases()   # for base64.encodebytes on Py2
+
+# from future.tests.test_http_cookiejar import interact_netscape
+
+class FakeResponse(object):
+    def __init__(self, headers=[], url=None):
+        """
+        headers: list of RFC822-style 'Key: value' strings
+        """
+        import email
+        # The email.message_from_string is available on both Py2.7 and Py3.3
+        self._headers = email.message_from_string("\n".join(headers))
+        self._url = url
+    def info(self): return self._headers
+
+
+def interact_netscape(cookiejar, url, *set_cookie_hdrs):
+    return _interact(cookiejar, url, set_cookie_hdrs, "Set-Cookie")
+
+def _interact(cookiejar, url, set_cookie_hdrs, hdr_name):
+    """Perform a single request / response cycle, returning Cookie: header."""
+    req = urllib_request.Request(url)
+    cookiejar.add_cookie_header(req)
+    cookie_hdr = req.get_header("Cookie", "")
+    headers = []
+    for hdr in set_cookie_hdrs:
+        headers.append("%s: %s" % (hdr_name, hdr))
+    res = FakeResponse(headers, url)
+    cookiejar.extract_cookies(res, req)
+    return cookie_hdr
+
+
+# XXX
+# Request
+# CacheFTPHandler (hard to write)
+# parse_keqv_list, parse_http_list, HTTPDigestAuthHandler
+
+class TrivialTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test___all__(self):
+        # Verify which names are exposed
+        for module in 'request', 'response', 'parse', 'error', 'robotparser':
+            context = {}
+            exec('from future.backports.urllib.%s import *' % module, context)
+            del context['__builtins__']
+            if module == 'request' and os.name == 'nt':
+                u, p = context.pop('url2pathname'), context.pop('pathname2url')
+                self.assertEqual(u.__module__, 'nturl2path')
+                self.assertEqual(p.__module__, 'nturl2path')
+            for k, v in context.items():
+                self.assertEqual(v.__module__, 'future.backports.urllib.%s' % module,
+                    "%r is exposed in 'future.backports.urllib.%s' but defined in %r" %
+                    (k, module, v.__module__))
+
+    def test_trivial(self):
+        # A couple trivial tests
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib_request.urlopen, 'bogus url')
+
+        # XXX Name hacking to get this to work on Windows.
+        fname = os.path.abspath(urllib_request.__file__).replace('\\', '/')
+
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            file_url = "file:///%s" % fname
+        else:
+            file_url = "file://%s" % fname
+
+        f = urllib_request.urlopen(file_url)
+
+        f.read()
+        f.close()
+
+    def test_parse_http_list(self):
+        tests = [
+            ('a,b,c', ['a', 'b', 'c']),
+            ('path"o,l"og"i"cal, example', ['path"o,l"og"i"cal', 'example']),
+            ('a, b, "c", "d", "e,f", g, h',
+             ['a', 'b', '"c"', '"d"', '"e,f"', 'g', 'h']),
+            ('a="b\\"c", d="e\\,f", g="h\\\\i"',
+             ['a="b"c"', 'd="e,f"', 'g="h\\i"'])]
+        for string, list in tests:
+            self.assertEqual(urllib_request.parse_http_list(string), list)
+
+    def test_URLError_reasonstr(self):
+        err = urllib_error.URLError('reason')
+        self.assertIn(err.reason, str(err))
+
+class RequestHdrsTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_request_headers_dict(self):
+        """
+        The Request.headers dictionary is not a documented interface.  It
+        should stay that way, because the complete set of headers are only
+        accessible through the .get_header(), .has_header(), .header_items()
+        interface.  However, .headers pre-dates those methods, and so real code
+        will be using the dictionary.
+
+        The introduction in 2.4 of those methods was a mistake for the same
+        reason: code that previously saw all (urllib2 user)-provided headers in
+        .headers now sees only a subset.
+
+        """
+        url = "http://example.com"
+        self.assertEqual(Request(url,
+                                 headers={"Spam-eggs": "blah"}
+                                 ).headers["Spam-eggs"], "blah")
+        self.assertEqual(Request(url,
+                                 headers={"spam-EggS": "blah"}
+                                 ).headers["Spam-eggs"], "blah")
+
+    def test_request_headers_methods(self):
+        """
+        Note the case normalization of header names here, to
+        .capitalize()-case.  This should be preserved for
+        backwards-compatibility.  (In the HTTP case, normalization to
+        .title()-case is done by urllib2 before sending headers to
+        http.client).
+
+        Note that e.g. r.has_header("spam-EggS") is currently False, and
+        r.get_header("spam-EggS") returns None, but that could be changed in
+        future.
+
+        Method r.remove_header should remove items both from r.headers and
+        r.unredirected_hdrs dictionaries
+        """
+        url = "http://example.com"
+        req = Request(url, headers={"Spam-eggs": "blah"})
+        self.assertTrue(req.has_header("Spam-eggs"))
+        self.assertEqual(req.header_items(), [('Spam-eggs', 'blah')])
+
+        req.add_header("Foo-Bar", "baz")
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(req.header_items()),
+                         [('Foo-bar', 'baz'), ('Spam-eggs', 'blah')])
+        self.assertFalse(req.has_header("Not-there"))
+        self.assertIsNone(req.get_header("Not-there"))
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Not-there", "default"), "default")
+
+
+    def test_password_manager(self):
+        mgr = urllib_request.HTTPPasswordMgr()
+        add = mgr.add_password
+        find_user_pass = mgr.find_user_password
+        add("Some Realm", "http://example.com/", "joe", "password")
+        add("Some Realm", "http://example.com/ni", "ni", "ni")
+        add("c", "http://example.com/foo", "foo", "ni")
+        add("c", "http://example.com/bar", "bar", "nini")
+        add("b", "http://example.com/", "first", "blah")
+        add("b", "http://example.com/", "second", "spam")
+        add("a", "http://example.com", "1", "a")
+        add("Some Realm", "http://c.example.com:3128", "3", "c")
+        add("Some Realm", "d.example.com", "4", "d")
+        add("Some Realm", "e.example.com:3128", "5", "e")
+
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "example.com"),
+                         ('joe', 'password'))
+
+        #self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "http://example.com/ni"),
+        #                ('ni', 'ni'))
+
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "http://example.com"),
+                         ('joe', 'password'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "http://example.com/"),
+                         ('joe', 'password'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            find_user_pass("Some Realm", "http://example.com/spam"),
+            ('joe', 'password'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            find_user_pass("Some Realm", "http://example.com/spam/spam"),
+            ('joe', 'password'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("c", "http://example.com/foo"),
+                         ('foo', 'ni'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("c", "http://example.com/bar"),
+                         ('bar', 'nini'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("b", "http://example.com/"),
+                         ('second', 'spam'))
+
+        # No special relationship between a.example.com and example.com:
+
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("a", "http://example.com/"),
+                         ('1', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("a", "http://a.example.com/"),
+                         (None, None))
+
+        # Ports:
+
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "c.example.com"),
+                         (None, None))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "c.example.com:3128"),
+                         ('3', 'c'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            find_user_pass("Some Realm", "http://c.example.com:3128"),
+            ('3', 'c'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "d.example.com"),
+                         ('4', 'd'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("Some Realm", "e.example.com:3128"),
+                         ('5', 'e'))
+
+    def test_password_manager_default_port(self):
+        """
+        The point to note here is that we can't guess the default port if
+        there's no scheme.  This applies to both add_password and
+        find_user_password.
+        """
+        mgr = urllib_request.HTTPPasswordMgr()
+        add = mgr.add_password
+        find_user_pass = mgr.find_user_password
+        add("f", "http://g.example.com:80", "10", "j")
+        add("g", "http://h.example.com", "11", "k")
+        add("h", "i.example.com:80", "12", "l")
+        add("i", "j.example.com", "13", "m")
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("f", "g.example.com:100"),
+                         (None, None))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("f", "g.example.com:80"),
+                         ('10', 'j'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("f", "g.example.com"),
+                         (None, None))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("f", "http://g.example.com:100"),
+                         (None, None))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("f", "http://g.example.com:80"),
+                         ('10', 'j'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("f", "http://g.example.com"),
+                         ('10', 'j'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("g", "h.example.com"), ('11', 'k'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("g", "h.example.com:80"), ('11', 'k'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("g", "http://h.example.com:80"),
+                         ('11', 'k'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("h", "i.example.com"), (None, None))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("h", "i.example.com:80"), ('12', 'l'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("h", "http://i.example.com:80"),
+                         ('12', 'l'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("i", "j.example.com"), ('13', 'm'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("i", "j.example.com:80"),
+                         (None, None))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("i", "http://j.example.com"),
+                         ('13', 'm'))
+        self.assertEqual(find_user_pass("i", "http://j.example.com:80"),
+                         (None, None))
+
+
+class MockOpener(object):
+    addheaders = []
+    def open(self, req, data=None, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
+        self.req, self.data, self.timeout = req, data, timeout
+    def error(self, proto, *args):
+        self.proto, self.args = proto, args
+
+class MockFile(object):
+    def read(self, count=None): pass
+    def readline(self, count=None): pass
+    def close(self): pass
+
+class MockHeaders(dict):
+    def getheaders(self, name):
+        return list(self.values())
+
+class MockResponse(io.StringIO):
+    def __init__(self, code, msg, headers, data, url=None):
+        io.StringIO.__init__(self, data)
+        self.code, self.msg, self.headers, self.url = code, msg, headers, url
+    def info(self):
+        return self.headers
+    def geturl(self):
+        return self.url
+
+class MockCookieJar(object):
+    def add_cookie_header(self, request):
+        self.ach_req = request
+    def extract_cookies(self, response, request):
+        self.ec_req, self.ec_r = request, response
+
+class FakeMethod(object):
+    def __init__(self, meth_name, action, handle):
+        self.meth_name = meth_name
+        self.handle = handle
+        self.action = action
+    def __call__(self, *args):
+        return self.handle(self.meth_name, self.action, *args)
+
+class MockHTTPResponse(io.IOBase):
+    def __init__(self, fp, msg, status, reason):
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.status = status
+        self.reason = reason
+        self.code = 200
+
+    def read(self):
+        return ''
+
+    def info(self):
+        return {}
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        return self.url
+
+
+class MockHTTPClass(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.level = 0
+        self.req_headers = []
+        self.data = None
+        self.raise_on_endheaders = False
+        self.sock = None
+        self._tunnel_headers = {}
+
+    def __call__(self, host, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
+        self.host = host
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        return self
+
+    def set_debuglevel(self, level):
+        self.level = level
+
+    def set_tunnel(self, host, port=None, headers=None):
+        self._tunnel_host = host
+        self._tunnel_port = port
+        if headers:
+            self._tunnel_headers = headers
+        else:
+            self._tunnel_headers.clear()
+
+    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
+        self.method = method
+        self.selector = url
+        if headers is not None:
+            self.req_headers += headers.items()
+        self.req_headers.sort()
+        if body:
+            self.data = body
+        if self.raise_on_endheaders:
+            import socket
+            raise socket.error()
+    def getresponse(self):
+        return MockHTTPResponse(MockFile(), {}, 200, "OK")
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+class MockHandler(object):
+    # useful for testing handler machinery
+    # see add_ordered_mock_handlers() docstring
+    handler_order = 500
+    def __init__(self, methods):
+        self._define_methods(methods)
+    def _define_methods(self, methods):
+        for spec in methods:
+            if len(spec) == 2: name, action = spec
+            else: name, action = spec, None
+            meth = FakeMethod(name, action, self.handle)
+            setattr(self.__class__, name, meth)
+    def handle(self, fn_name, action, *args, **kwds):
+        self.parent.calls.append((self, fn_name, args, kwds))
+        if action is None:
+            return None
+        elif action == "return self":
+            return self
+        elif action == "return response":
+            res = MockResponse(200, "OK", {}, "")
+            return res
+        elif action == "return request":
+            return Request("http://blah/")
+        elif action.startswith("error"):
+            code = action[action.rfind(" ")+1:]
+            try:
+                code = int(code)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            res = MockResponse(200, "OK", {}, "")
+            return self.parent.error("http", args[0], res, code, "", {})
+        elif action == "raise":
+            raise urllib_error.URLError("blah")
+        assert False
+    def close(self): pass
+    def add_parent(self, parent):
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.parent.calls = []
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if not hasattr(other, "handler_order"):
+            # No handler_order, leave in original order.  Yuck.
+            return True
+        return self.handler_order < other.handler_order
+
+def add_ordered_mock_handlers(opener, meth_spec):
+    """Create MockHandlers and add them to an OpenerDirector.
+
+    meth_spec: list of lists of tuples and strings defining methods to define
+    on handlers.  eg:
+
+    [["http_error", "ftp_open"], ["http_open"]]
+
+    defines methods .http_error() and .ftp_open() on one handler, and
+    .http_open() on another.  These methods just record their arguments and
+    return None.  Using a tuple instead of a string causes the method to
+    perform some action (see MockHandler.handle()), eg:
+
+    [["http_error"], [("http_open", "return request")]]
+
+    defines .http_error() on one handler (which simply returns None), and
+    .http_open() on another handler, which returns a Request object.
+
+    """
+    handlers = []
+    count = 0
+    for meths in meth_spec:
+        class MockHandlerSubclass(MockHandler): pass
+        h = MockHandlerSubclass(meths)
+        h.handler_order += count
+        h.add_parent(opener)
+        count = count + 1
+        handlers.append(h)
+        opener.add_handler(h)
+    return handlers
+
+def build_test_opener(*handler_instances):
+    opener = OpenerDirector()
+    for h in handler_instances:
+        opener.add_handler(h)
+    return opener
+
+class MockHTTPHandler(urllib_request.BaseHandler):
+    # useful for testing redirections and auth
+    # sends supplied headers and code as first response
+    # sends 200 OK as second response
+    def __init__(self, code, headers):
+        self.code = code
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.reset()
+    def reset(self):
+        self._count = 0
+        self.requests = []
+    def http_open(self, req):
+        import future.backports.email as email
+        import copy
+        self.requests.append(copy.deepcopy(req))
+        if self._count == 0:
+            self._count = self._count + 1
+            name = http.client.responses[self.code]
+            msg = email.message_from_string(self.headers)
+            return self.parent.error(
+                "http", req, MockFile(), self.code, name, msg)
+        else:
+            self.req = req
+            msg = email.message_from_string("\r\n\r\n")
+            return MockResponse(200, "OK", msg, "", req.get_full_url())
+
+class MockHTTPSHandler(urllib_request.AbstractHTTPHandler):
+    # Useful for testing the Proxy-Authorization request by verifying the
+    # properties of httpcon
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        urllib_request.AbstractHTTPHandler.__init__(self)
+        self.httpconn = MockHTTPClass()
+
+    def https_open(self, req):
+        return self.do_open(self.httpconn, req)
+
+class MockPasswordManager(object):
+    def add_password(self, realm, uri, user, password):
+        self.realm = realm
+        self.url = uri
+        self.user = user
+        self.password = password
+    def find_user_password(self, realm, authuri):
+        self.target_realm = realm
+        self.target_url = authuri
+        return self.user, self.password
+
+
+class OpenerDirectorTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_add_non_handler(self):
+        class NonHandler(object):
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError,
+                          OpenerDirector().add_handler, NonHandler())
+
+    def test_badly_named_methods(self):
+        # test work-around for three methods that accidentally follow the
+        # naming conventions for handler methods
+        # (*_open() / *_request() / *_response())
+
+        # These used to call the accidentally-named methods, causing a
+        # TypeError in real code; here, returning self from these mock
+        # methods would either cause no exception, or AttributeError.
+
+        from future.backports.urllib.error import URLError
+
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        meth_spec = [
+            [("do_open", "return self"), ("proxy_open", "return self")],
+            [("redirect_request", "return self")],
+            ]
+        add_ordered_mock_handlers(o, meth_spec)
+        o.add_handler(urllib_request.UnknownHandler())
+        for scheme in "do", "proxy", "redirect":
+            self.assertRaises(URLError, o.open, scheme+"://example.com/")
+
+    def test_handled(self):
+        # handler returning non-None means no more handlers will be called
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        meth_spec = [
+            ["http_open", "ftp_open", "http_error_302"],
+            ["ftp_open"],
+            [("http_open", "return self")],
+            [("http_open", "return self")],
+            ]
+        handlers = add_ordered_mock_handlers(o, meth_spec)
+
+        req = Request("http://example.com/")
+        r = o.open(req)
+        # Second .http_open() gets called, third doesn't, since second returned
+        # non-None.  Handlers without .http_open() never get any methods called
+        # on them.
+        # In fact, second mock handler defining .http_open() returns self
+        # (instead of response), which becomes the OpenerDirector's return
+        # value.
+        self.assertEqual(r, handlers[2])
+        calls = [(handlers[0], "http_open"), (handlers[2], "http_open")]
+        for expected, got in zip(calls, o.calls):
+            handler, name, args, kwds = got
+            self.assertEqual((handler, name), expected)
+            self.assertEqual(args, (req,))
+
+    def test_handler_order(self):
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        handlers = []
+        for meths, handler_order in [
+            ([("http_open", "return self")], 500),
+            (["http_open"], 0),
+            ]:
+            class MockHandlerSubclass(MockHandler): pass
+            h = MockHandlerSubclass(meths)
+            h.handler_order = handler_order
+            handlers.append(h)
+            o.add_handler(h)
+
+        o.open("http://example.com/")
+        # handlers called in reverse order, thanks to their sort order
+        self.assertEqual(o.calls[0][0], handlers[1])
+        self.assertEqual(o.calls[1][0], handlers[0])
+
+    def test_raise(self):
+        # raising URLError stops processing of request
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        meth_spec = [
+            [("http_open", "raise")],
+            [("http_open", "return self")],
+            ]
+        handlers = add_ordered_mock_handlers(o, meth_spec)
+
+        req = Request("http://example.com/")
+        self.assertRaises(urllib_error.URLError, o.open, req)
+        self.assertEqual(o.calls, [(handlers[0], "http_open", (req,), {})])
+
+    def test_http_error(self):
+        # XXX http_error_default
+        # http errors are a special case
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        meth_spec = [
+            [("http_open", "error 302")],
+            [("http_error_400", "raise"), "http_open"],
+            [("http_error_302", "return response"), "http_error_303",
+             "http_error"],
+            [("http_error_302")],
+            ]
+        handlers = add_ordered_mock_handlers(o, meth_spec)
+
+        class Unknown(object):
+            def __eq__(self, other): return True
+
+        req = Request("http://example.com/")
+        o.open(req)
+        assert len(o.calls) == 2
+        calls = [(handlers[0], "http_open", (req,)),
+                 (handlers[2], "http_error_302",
+                  (req, Unknown(), 302, "", {}))]
+        for expected, got in zip(calls, o.calls):
+            handler, method_name, args = expected
+            self.assertEqual((handler, method_name), got[:2])
+            self.assertEqual(args, got[2])
+
+
+    def test_processors(self):
+        # *_request / *_response methods get called appropriately
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        meth_spec = [
+            [("http_request", "return request"),
+             ("http_response", "return response")],
+            [("http_request", "return request"),
+             ("http_response", "return response")],
+            ]
+        handlers = add_ordered_mock_handlers(o, meth_spec)
+
+        req = Request("http://example.com/")
+        o.open(req)
+        # processor methods are called on *all* handlers that define them,
+        # not just the first handler that handles the request
+        calls = [
+            (handlers[0], "http_request"), (handlers[1], "http_request"),
+            (handlers[0], "http_response"), (handlers[1], "http_response")]
+
+        for i, (handler, name, args, kwds) in enumerate(o.calls):
+            if i < 2:
+                # *_request
+                self.assertEqual((handler, name), calls[i])
+                self.assertEqual(len(args), 1)
+                self.assertIsInstance(args[0], Request)
+            else:
+                # *_response
+                self.assertEqual((handler, name), calls[i])
+                self.assertEqual(len(args), 2)
+                self.assertIsInstance(args[0], Request)
+                # response from opener.open is None, because there's no
+                # handler that defines http_open to handle it
+                self.assertTrue(args[1] is None or
+                             isinstance(args[1], MockResponse))
+
+    def test_method_deprecations(self):
+        req = Request("http://www.example.com")
+
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.add_data("data")
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.get_data()
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.has_data()
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.get_host()
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.get_selector()
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.is_unverifiable()
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.get_origin_req_host()
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            req.get_type()
+
+
+def sanepathname2url(path):
+    try:
+        path.encode("utf-8")
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        raise unittest.SkipTest("path is not encodable to utf8")
+    urlpath = urllib_request.pathname2url(path)
+    if os.name == "nt" and urlpath.startswith("///"):
+        urlpath = urlpath[2:]
+    # XXX don't ask me about the mac...
+    return urlpath
+
+class HandlerTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_ftp(self):
+        class MockFTPWrapper(object):
+            def __init__(self, data): self.data = data
+            def retrfile(self, filename, filetype):
+                self.filename, self.filetype = filename, filetype
+                return io.StringIO(self.data), len(self.data)
+            def close(self): pass
+
+        class NullFTPHandler(urllib_request.FTPHandler):
+            def __init__(self, data): self.data = data
+            def connect_ftp(self, user, passwd, host, port, dirs,
+                            timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT):
+                self.user, self.passwd = user, passwd
+                self.host, self.port = host, port
+                self.dirs = dirs
+                self.ftpwrapper = MockFTPWrapper(self.data)
+                return self.ftpwrapper
+
+        import ftplib
+        data = "rheum rhaponicum"
+        h = NullFTPHandler(data)
+        h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        # MIME guessing works in Python 3.8!
+        guessed_mime = None
+        if sys.hexversion >= 0x03080000:
+            guessed_mime = "image/gif"
+        for url, host, port, user, passwd, type_, dirs, filename, mimetype in [
+            ("ftp://localhost/foo/bar/baz.html",
+             "localhost", ftplib.FTP_PORT, "", "", "I",
+             ["foo", "bar"], "baz.html", "text/html"),
+            ("ftp://parrot@localhost/foo/bar/baz.html",
+             "localhost", ftplib.FTP_PORT, "parrot", "", "I",
+             ["foo", "bar"], "baz.html", "text/html"),
+            ("ftp://%25parrot@localhost/foo/bar/baz.html",
+             "localhost", ftplib.FTP_PORT, "%parrot", "", "I",
+             ["foo", "bar"], "baz.html", "text/html"),
+            ("ftp://%2542parrot@localhost/foo/bar/baz.html",
+             "localhost", ftplib.FTP_PORT, "%42parrot", "", "I",
+             ["foo", "bar"], "baz.html", "text/html"),
+            ("ftp://localhost:80/foo/bar/",
+             "localhost", 80, "", "", "D",
+             ["foo", "bar"], "", None),
+            ("ftp://localhost/baz.gif;type=a",
+             "localhost", ftplib.FTP_PORT, "", "", "A",
+             [], "baz.gif", guessed_mime),
+            ]:
+            req = Request(url)
+            req.timeout = None
+            r = h.ftp_open(req)
+            # ftp authentication not yet implemented by FTPHandler
+            self.assertEqual(h.user, user)
+            self.assertEqual(h.passwd, passwd)
+            self.assertEqual(h.host, socket.gethostbyname(host))
+            self.assertEqual(h.port, port)
+            self.assertEqual(h.dirs, dirs)
+            self.assertEqual(h.ftpwrapper.filename, filename)
+            self.assertEqual(h.ftpwrapper.filetype, type_)
+            headers = r.info()
+            self.assertEqual(headers.get("Content-type"), mimetype)
+            self.assertEqual(int(headers["Content-length"]), len(data))
+
+    def test_file(self):
+        import future.backports.email.utils as email_utils
+        import socket
+        h = urllib_request.FileHandler()
+        o = h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        TESTFN = support.TESTFN
+        urlpath = sanepathname2url(os.path.abspath(TESTFN))
+        towrite = b"hello, world\n"
+        urls = [
+            "file://localhost%s" % urlpath,
+            "file://%s" % urlpath,
+            "file://%s%s" % (socket.gethostbyname('localhost'), urlpath),
+            ]
+        try:
+            localaddr = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())
+        except socket.gaierror:
+            localaddr = ''
+        if localaddr:
+            urls.append("file://%s%s" % (localaddr, urlpath))
+
+        for url in urls:
+            f = open(TESTFN, "wb")
+            try:
+                try:
+                    f.write(towrite)
+                finally:
+                    f.close()
+
+                r = h.file_open(Request(url))
+                try:
+                    data = r.read()
+                    headers = r.info()
+                    respurl = r.geturl()
+                finally:
+                    r.close()
+                stats = os.stat(TESTFN)
+                modified = email_utils.formatdate(stats.st_mtime, usegmt=True)
+            finally:
+                os.remove(TESTFN)
+            self.assertEqual(data, towrite)
+            self.assertEqual(headers["Content-type"], "text/plain")
+            self.assertEqual(headers["Content-length"], "13")
+            self.assertEqual(headers["Last-modified"], modified)
+            self.assertEqual(respurl, url)
+
+        for url in [
+            "file://localhost:80%s" % urlpath,
+            "file:///file_does_not_exist.txt",
+            "file://%s:80%s/%s" % (socket.gethostbyname('localhost'),
+                                   os.getcwd(), TESTFN),
+            "file://somerandomhost.ontheinternet.com%s/%s" %
+            (os.getcwd(), TESTFN),
+            ]:
+            try:
+                f = open(TESTFN, "wb")
+                try:
+                    f.write(towrite)
+                finally:
+                    f.close()
+
+                self.assertRaises(urllib_error.URLError,
+                                  h.file_open, Request(url))
+            finally:
+                os.remove(TESTFN)
+
+        h = urllib_request.FileHandler()
+        o = h.parent = MockOpener()
+        # XXXX why does // mean ftp (and /// mean not ftp!), and where
+        #  is file: scheme specified?  I think this is really a bug, and
+        #  what was intended was to distinguish between URLs like:
+        # file:/blah.txt (a file)
+        # file://localhost/blah.txt (a file)
+        # file:///blah.txt (a file)
+        # file://ftp.example.com/blah.txt (an ftp URL)
+        for url, ftp in [
+            ("file://ftp.example.com//foo.txt", False),
+            ("file://ftp.example.com///foo.txt", False),
+# XXXX bug: fails with OSError, should be URLError
+            ("file://ftp.example.com/foo.txt", False),
+            ("file://somehost//foo/something.txt", False),
+            ("file://localhost//foo/something.txt", False),
+            ]:
+            req = Request(url)
+            try:
+                h.file_open(req)
+            # XXXX remove OSError when bug fixed
+            except (urllib_error.URLError, OSError):
+                self.assertFalse(ftp)
+            else:
+                self.assertIs(o.req, req)
+                self.assertEqual(req.type, "ftp")
+            self.assertEqual(req.type == "ftp", ftp)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_http(self):
+
+        h = urllib_request.AbstractHTTPHandler()
+        o = h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        url = "http://example.com/"
+        for method, data in [("GET", None), ("POST", b"blah")]:
+            req = Request(url, data, {"Foo": "bar"})
+            req.timeout = None
+            req.add_unredirected_header("Spam", "eggs")
+            http = MockHTTPClass()
+            r = h.do_open(http, req)
+
+            # result attributes
+            r.read; r.readline  # wrapped MockFile methods
+            r.info; r.geturl  # addinfourl methods
+            r.code, r.msg == 200, "OK"  # added from MockHTTPClass.getreply()
+            hdrs = r.info()
+            hdrs.get; hdrs.__contains__  # r.info() gives dict from .getreply()
+            self.assertEqual(r.geturl(), url)
+
+            self.assertEqual(http.host, "example.com")
+            self.assertEqual(http.level, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(http.method, method)
+            self.assertEqual(http.selector, "/")
+            self.assertEqual(http.req_headers,
+                             [("Connection", "close"),
+                              ("Foo", "bar"), ("Spam", "eggs")])
+            self.assertEqual(http.data, data)
+
+        # check socket.error converted to URLError
+        http.raise_on_endheaders = True
+        self.assertRaises(urllib_error.URLError, h.do_open, http, req)
+
+        # Check for TypeError on POST data which is str.
+        req = Request("http://example.com/","badpost")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, h.do_request_, req)
+
+        # check adding of standard headers
+        o.addheaders = [("Spam", "eggs")]
+        for data in b"", None:  # POST, GET
+            req = Request("http://example.com/", data)
+            r = MockResponse(200, "OK", {}, "")
+            newreq = h.do_request_(req)
+            if data is None:  # GET
+                self.assertNotIn("Content-length", req.unredirected_hdrs)
+                self.assertNotIn("Content-type", req.unredirected_hdrs)
+            else:  # POST
+                self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Content-length"], "0")
+                self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Content-type"],
+                             "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            # XXX the details of Host could be better tested
+            self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Host"], "example.com")
+            self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Spam"], "eggs")
+
+            # don't clobber existing headers
+            req.add_unredirected_header("Content-length", "foo")
+            req.add_unredirected_header("Content-type", "bar")
+            req.add_unredirected_header("Host", "baz")
+            req.add_unredirected_header("Spam", "foo")
+            newreq = h.do_request_(req)
+            self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Content-length"], "foo")
+            self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Content-type"], "bar")
+            self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Host"], "baz")
+            self.assertEqual(req.unredirected_hdrs["Spam"], "foo")
+
+        # Check iterable body support
+        def iterable_body():
+            yield b"one"
+            yield b"two"
+            yield b"three"
+
+        for headers in {}, {"Content-Length": 11}:
+            req = Request("http://example.com/", iterable_body(), headers)
+            if not headers:
+                # Having an iterable body without a Content-Length should
+                # raise an exception
+                self.assertRaises(ValueError, h.do_request_, req)
+            else:
+                newreq = h.do_request_(req)
+
+        # A file object.
+        # Test only Content-Length attribute of request.
+
+        file_obj = io.BytesIO()
+        file_obj.write(b"Something\nSomething\nSomething\n")
+
+        for headers in {}, {"Content-Length": 30}:
+            req = Request("http://example.com/", file_obj, headers)
+            if not headers:
+                # Having an iterable body without a Content-Length should
+                # raise an exception
+                self.assertRaises(ValueError, h.do_request_, req)
+            else:
+                newreq = h.do_request_(req)
+                self.assertEqual(int(newreq.get_header('Content-length')),30)
+
+        file_obj.close()
+
+        # array.array Iterable - Content Length is calculated
+
+        iterable_array = array.array(text_to_native_str("I"),
+                                     [1,2,3,4])
+
+        for headers in {}, {"Content-Length": 16}:
+            req = Request("http://example.com/", iterable_array, headers)
+            newreq = h.do_request_(req)
+            self.assertEqual(int(newreq.get_header('Content-length')),16)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_http_doubleslash(self):
+        # Checks the presence of any unnecessary double slash in url does not
+        # break anything. Previously, a double slash directly after the host
+        # could cause incorrect parsing.
+        h = urllib_request.AbstractHTTPHandler()
+        h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        data = b""
+        ds_urls = [
+            "http://example.com/foo/bar/baz.html",
+            "http://example.com//foo/bar/baz.html",
+            "http://example.com/foo//bar/baz.html",
+            "http://example.com/foo/bar//baz.html"
+            ]
+
+        for ds_url in ds_urls:
+            ds_req = Request(ds_url, data)
+
+            # Check whether host is determined correctly if there is no proxy
+            np_ds_req = h.do_request_(ds_req)
+            self.assertEqual(np_ds_req.unredirected_hdrs["Host"],"example.com")
+
+            # Check whether host is determined correctly if there is a proxy
+            ds_req.set_proxy("someproxy:3128",None)
+            p_ds_req = h.do_request_(ds_req)
+            self.assertEqual(p_ds_req.unredirected_hdrs["Host"],"example.com")
+
+    def test_fixpath_in_weirdurls(self):
+        # Issue4493: urllib2 to supply '/' when to urls where path does not
+        # start with'/'
+
+        h = urllib_request.AbstractHTTPHandler()
+        h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        weird_url = 'http://www.python.org?getspam'
+        req = Request(weird_url)
+        newreq = h.do_request_(req)
+        self.assertEqual(newreq.host,'www.python.org')
+        self.assertEqual(newreq.selector,'/?getspam')
+
+        url_without_path = 'http://www.python.org'
+        req = Request(url_without_path)
+        newreq = h.do_request_(req)
+        self.assertEqual(newreq.host,'www.python.org')
+        self.assertEqual(newreq.selector,'')
+
+
+    def test_errors(self):
+        h = urllib_request.HTTPErrorProcessor()
+        o = h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        url = "http://example.com/"
+        req = Request(url)
+        # all 2xx are passed through
+        r = MockResponse(200, "OK", {}, "", url)
+        newr = h.http_response(req, r)
+        self.assertIs(r, newr)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(o, "proto"))  # o.error not called
+        r = MockResponse(202, "Accepted", {}, "", url)
+        newr = h.http_response(req, r)
+        self.assertIs(r, newr)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(o, "proto"))  # o.error not called
+        r = MockResponse(206, "Partial content", {}, "", url)
+        newr = h.http_response(req, r)
+        self.assertIs(r, newr)
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(o, "proto"))  # o.error not called
+        # anything else calls o.error (and MockOpener returns None, here)
+        r = MockResponse(502, "Bad gateway", {}, "", url)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.http_response(req, r))
+        self.assertEqual(o.proto, "http")  # o.error called
+        self.assertEqual(o.args, (req, r, 502, "Bad gateway", {}))
+
+    def test_cookies(self):
+        cj = MockCookieJar()
+        h = urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)
+        h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        req = Request("http://example.com/")
+        r = MockResponse(200, "OK", {}, "")
+        newreq = h.http_request(req)
+        self.assertIs(cj.ach_req, req)
+        self.assertIs(cj.ach_req, newreq)
+        self.assertEqual(req.origin_req_host, "example.com")
+        self.assertFalse(req.unverifiable)
+        newr = h.http_response(req, r)
+        self.assertIs(cj.ec_req, req)
+        self.assertIs(cj.ec_r, r)
+        self.assertIs(r, newr)
+
+    def test_redirect(self):
+        from_url = "http://example.com/a.html"
+        to_url = "http://example.com/b.html"
+        h = urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler()
+        o = h.parent = MockOpener()
+
+        # ordinary redirect behaviour
+        for code in 301, 302, 303, 307:
+            for data in None, "blah\nblah\n":
+                method = getattr(h, "http_error_%s" % code)
+                req = Request(from_url, data)
+                req.timeout = socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+                req.add_header("Nonsense", "viking=withhold")
+                if data is not None:
+                    req.add_header("Content-Length", str(len(data)))
+                req.add_unredirected_header("Spam", "spam")
+                try:
+                    method(req, MockFile(), code, "Blah",
+                           MockHeaders({"location": to_url}))
+                except urllib_error.HTTPError:
+                    # 307 in response to POST requires user OK
+                    self.assertTrue(code == 307 and data is not None)
+                self.assertEqual(o.req.get_full_url(), to_url)
+                try:
+                    self.assertEqual(o.req.get_method(), "GET")
+                except AttributeError:
+                    self.assertFalse(o.req.data)
+
+                # now it's a GET, there should not be headers regarding content
+                # (possibly dragged from before being a POST)
+                headers = [x.lower() for x in o.req.headers]
+                self.assertNotIn("content-length", headers)
+                self.assertNotIn("content-type", headers)
+
+                self.assertEqual(o.req.headers["Nonsense"],
+                                 "viking=withhold")
+                self.assertNotIn("Spam", o.req.headers)
+                self.assertNotIn("Spam", o.req.unredirected_hdrs)
+
+        # loop detection
+        req = Request(from_url)
+        req.timeout = socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+        def redirect(h, req, url=to_url):
+            h.http_error_302(req, MockFile(), 302, "Blah",
+                             MockHeaders({"location": url}))
+        # Note that the *original* request shares the same record of
+        # redirections with the sub-requests caused by the redirections.
+
+        # detect infinite loop redirect of a URL to itself
+        req = Request(from_url, origin_req_host="example.com")
+        count = 0
+        req.timeout = socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                redirect(h, req, "http://example.com/")
+                count = count + 1
+        except urllib_error.HTTPError:
+            # don't stop until max_repeats, because cookies may introduce state
+            self.assertEqual(count, urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler.max_repeats)
+
+        # detect endless non-repeating chain of redirects
+        req = Request(from_url, origin_req_host="example.com")
+        count = 0
+        req.timeout = socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+        try:
+            while 1:
+                redirect(h, req, "http://example.com/%d" % count)
+                count = count + 1
+        except urllib_error.HTTPError:
+            self.assertEqual(count,
+                             urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler.max_redirections)
+
+
+    def test_invalid_redirect(self):
+        from_url = "http://example.com/a.html"
+        valid_schemes = ['http','https','ftp']
+        invalid_schemes = ['file','imap','ldap']
+        schemeless_url = "example.com/b.html"
+        h = urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler()
+        o = h.parent = MockOpener()
+        req = Request(from_url)
+        req.timeout = socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+        for scheme in invalid_schemes:
+            invalid_url = scheme + '://' + schemeless_url
+            self.assertRaises(urllib_error.HTTPError, h.http_error_302,
+                    req, MockFile(), 302, "Security Loophole",
+                    MockHeaders({"location": invalid_url}))
+
+        for scheme in valid_schemes:
+            valid_url = scheme + '://' + schemeless_url
+            h.http_error_302(req, MockFile(), 302, "That's fine",
+                MockHeaders({"location": valid_url}))
+            self.assertEqual(o.req.get_full_url(), valid_url)
+
+    def test_relative_redirect(self):
+        from future.backports.urllib import parse as urllib_parse
+        from_url = "http://example.com/a.html"
+        relative_url = "/b.html"
+        h = urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler()
+        o = h.parent = MockOpener()
+        req = Request(from_url)
+        req.timeout = socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+        valid_url = urllib_parse.urljoin(from_url,relative_url)
+        h.http_error_302(req, MockFile(), 302, "That's fine",
+            MockHeaders({"location": valid_url}))
+        self.assertEqual(o.req.get_full_url(), valid_url)
+
+    def test_cookie_redirect(self):
+        # cookies shouldn't leak into redirected requests
+        from future.backports.http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+
+        cj = CookieJar()
+        interact_netscape(cj, "http://www.example.com/", "spam=eggs")
+        hh = MockHTTPHandler(302, "Location: http://www.cracker.com/\r\n\r\n")
+        hdeh = urllib_request.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler()
+        hrh = urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler()
+        cp = urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)
+        o = build_test_opener(hh, hdeh, hrh, cp)
+        o.open("http://www.example.com/")
+        self.assertFalse(hh.req.has_header("Cookie"))
+
+    def test_redirect_fragment(self):
+        redirected_url = 'http://www.example.com/index.html#OK\r\n\r\n'
+        hh = MockHTTPHandler(302, 'Location: ' + redirected_url)
+        hdeh = urllib_request.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler()
+        hrh = urllib_request.HTTPRedirectHandler()
+        o = build_test_opener(hh, hdeh, hrh)
+        fp = o.open('http://www.example.com')
+        self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), redirected_url.strip())
+
+    def test_proxy(self):
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        ph = urllib_request.ProxyHandler(dict(http="proxy.example.com:3128"))
+        o.add_handler(ph)
+        meth_spec = [
+            [("http_open", "return response")]
+            ]
+        handlers = add_ordered_mock_handlers(o, meth_spec)
+
+        req = Request("http://acme.example.com/")
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "acme.example.com")
+        o.open(req)
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "proxy.example.com:3128")
+
+        self.assertEqual([(handlers[0], "http_open")],
+                         [tup[0:2] for tup in o.calls])
+
+    def test_proxy_no_proxy(self):
+        os.environ['no_proxy'] = 'python.org'
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        ph = urllib_request.ProxyHandler(dict(http="proxy.example.com"))
+        o.add_handler(ph)
+        req = Request("http://www.perl.org/")
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "www.perl.org")
+        o.open(req)
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "proxy.example.com")
+        req = Request("http://www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "www.python.org")
+        o.open(req)
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "www.python.org")
+        del os.environ['no_proxy']
+
+    def test_proxy_no_proxy_all(self):
+        os.environ['no_proxy'] = '*'
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        ph = urllib_request.ProxyHandler(dict(http="proxy.example.com"))
+        o.add_handler(ph)
+        req = Request("http://www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "www.python.org")
+        o.open(req)
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "www.python.org")
+        del os.environ['no_proxy']
+
+
+    def test_proxy_https(self):
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        ph = urllib_request.ProxyHandler(dict(https="proxy.example.com:3128"))
+        o.add_handler(ph)
+        meth_spec = [
+            [("https_open", "return response")]
+        ]
+        handlers = add_ordered_mock_handlers(o, meth_spec)
+
+        req = Request("https://www.example.com/")
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "www.example.com")
+        o.open(req)
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "proxy.example.com:3128")
+        self.assertEqual([(handlers[0], "https_open")],
+                         [tup[0:2] for tup in o.calls])
+
+    def test_proxy_https_proxy_authorization(self):
+        o = OpenerDirector()
+        ph = urllib_request.ProxyHandler(dict(https='proxy.example.com:3128'))
+        o.add_handler(ph)
+        https_handler = MockHTTPSHandler()
+        o.add_handler(https_handler)
+        req = Request("https://www.example.com/")
+        req.add_header("Proxy-Authorization","FooBar")
+        req.add_header("User-Agent","Grail")
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "www.example.com")
+        self.assertIsNone(req._tunnel_host)
+        o.open(req)
+        # Verify Proxy-Authorization gets tunneled to request.
+        # httpsconn req_headers do not have the Proxy-Authorization header but
+        # the req will have.
+        self.assertNotIn(("Proxy-Authorization","FooBar"),
+                         https_handler.httpconn.req_headers)
+        self.assertIn(("User-Agent","Grail"),
+                      https_handler.httpconn.req_headers)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(req._tunnel_host)
+        self.assertEqual(req.host, "proxy.example.com:3128")
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_header("Proxy-authorization"),"FooBar")
+
+    # TODO: This should be only for OSX
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'darwin', "only relevant for OSX")
+    def test_osx_proxy_bypass(self):
+        bypass = {
+            'exclude_simple': False,
+            'exceptions': ['foo.bar', '*.bar.com', '127.0.0.1', '10.10',
+                           '10.0/16']
+        }
+        # Check hosts that should trigger the proxy bypass
+        for host in ('foo.bar', 'www.bar.com', '127.0.0.1', '10.10.0.1',
+                     '10.0.0.1'):
+            self.assertTrue(_proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host, bypass),
+                            'expected bypass of %s to be True' % host)
+        # Check hosts that should not trigger the proxy bypass
+        for host in ('abc.foo.bar', 'bar.com', '127.0.0.2', '10.11.0.1', 'test'):
+            self.assertFalse(_proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf(host, bypass),
+                             'expected bypass of %s to be False' % host)
+
+        # Check the exclude_simple flag
+        bypass = {'exclude_simple': True, 'exceptions': []}
+        self.assertTrue(_proxy_bypass_macosx_sysconf('test', bypass))
+
+    def test_basic_auth(self, quote_char='"'):
+        opener = OpenerDirector()
+        password_manager = MockPasswordManager()
+        auth_handler = urllib_request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
+        realm = "ACME Widget Store"
+        http_handler = MockHTTPHandler(
+            401, 'WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=%s%s%s\r\n\r\n' %
+            (quote_char, realm, quote_char) )
+        opener.add_handler(auth_handler)
+        opener.add_handler(http_handler)
+        self._test_basic_auth(opener, auth_handler, "Authorization",
+                              realm, http_handler, password_manager,
+                              "http://acme.example.com/protected",
+                              "http://acme.example.com/protected",
+                              )
+
+    def test_basic_auth_with_single_quoted_realm(self):
+        self.test_basic_auth(quote_char="'")
+
+    def test_basic_auth_with_unquoted_realm(self):
+        opener = OpenerDirector()
+        password_manager = MockPasswordManager()
+        auth_handler = urllib_request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
+        realm = "ACME Widget Store"
+        http_handler = MockHTTPHandler(
+            401, 'WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=%s\r\n\r\n' % realm)
+        opener.add_handler(auth_handler)
+        opener.add_handler(http_handler)
+        with self.assertWarns(UserWarning):
+            self._test_basic_auth(opener, auth_handler, "Authorization",
+                                realm, http_handler, password_manager,
+                                "http://acme.example.com/protected",
+                                "http://acme.example.com/protected",
+                                )
+
+    def test_proxy_basic_auth(self):
+        opener = OpenerDirector()
+        ph = urllib_request.ProxyHandler(dict(http="proxy.example.com:3128"))
+        opener.add_handler(ph)
+        password_manager = MockPasswordManager()
+        auth_handler = urllib_request.ProxyBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
+        realm = "ACME Networks"
+        http_handler = MockHTTPHandler(
+            407, 'Proxy-Authenticate: Basic realm="%s"\r\n\r\n' % realm)
+        opener.add_handler(auth_handler)
+        opener.add_handler(http_handler)
+        self._test_basic_auth(opener, auth_handler, "Proxy-authorization",
+                              realm, http_handler, password_manager,
+                              "http://acme.example.com:3128/protected",
+                              "proxy.example.com:3128",
+                              )
+
+    def test_basic_and_digest_auth_handlers(self):
+        # HTTPDigestAuthHandler raised an exception if it couldn't handle a 40*
+        # response (http://python.org/sf/1479302), where it should instead
+        # return None to allow another handler (especially
+        # HTTPBasicAuthHandler) to handle the response.
+
+        # Also (http://python.org/sf/14797027, RFC 2617 section 1.2), we must
+        # try digest first (since it's the strongest auth scheme), so we record
+        # order of calls here to check digest comes first:
+        class RecordingOpenerDirector(OpenerDirector):
+            def __init__(self):
+                OpenerDirector.__init__(self)
+                self.recorded = []
+            def record(self, info):
+                self.recorded.append(info)
+        class TestDigestAuthHandler(urllib_request.HTTPDigestAuthHandler):
+            def http_error_401(self, *args, **kwds):
+                self.parent.record("digest")
+                urllib_request.HTTPDigestAuthHandler.http_error_401(self,
+                                                             *args, **kwds)
+        class TestBasicAuthHandler(urllib_request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler):
+            def http_error_401(self, *args, **kwds):
+                self.parent.record("basic")
+                urllib_request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler.http_error_401(self,
+                                                            *args, **kwds)
+
+        opener = RecordingOpenerDirector()
+        password_manager = MockPasswordManager()
+        digest_handler = TestDigestAuthHandler(password_manager)
+        basic_handler = TestBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
+        realm = "ACME Networks"
+        http_handler = MockHTTPHandler(
+            401, 'WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="%s"\r\n\r\n' % realm)
+        opener.add_handler(basic_handler)
+        opener.add_handler(digest_handler)
+        opener.add_handler(http_handler)
+
+        # check basic auth isn't blocked by digest handler failing
+        self._test_basic_auth(opener, basic_handler, "Authorization",
+                              realm, http_handler, password_manager,
+                              "http://acme.example.com/protected",
+                              "http://acme.example.com/protected",
+                              )
+        # check digest was tried before basic (twice, because
+        # _test_basic_auth called .open() twice)
+        self.assertEqual(opener.recorded, ["digest", "basic"]*2)
+
+    def test_unsupported_auth_digest_handler(self):
+        opener = OpenerDirector()
+        # While using DigestAuthHandler
+        digest_auth_handler = urllib_request.HTTPDigestAuthHandler(None)
+        http_handler = MockHTTPHandler(
+            401, 'WWW-Authenticate: Kerberos\r\n\r\n')
+        opener.add_handler(digest_auth_handler)
+        opener.add_handler(http_handler)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,opener.open,"http://www.example.com")
+
+    def test_unsupported_auth_basic_handler(self):
+        # While using BasicAuthHandler
+        opener = OpenerDirector()
+        basic_auth_handler = urllib_request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(None)
+        http_handler = MockHTTPHandler(
+            401, 'WWW-Authenticate: NTLM\r\n\r\n')
+        opener.add_handler(basic_auth_handler)
+        opener.add_handler(http_handler)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,opener.open,"http://www.example.com")
+
+    def _test_basic_auth(self, opener, auth_handler, auth_header,
+                         realm, http_handler, password_manager,
+                         request_url, protected_url):
+        import base64
+        user, password = "wile", "coyote"
+
+        # .add_password() fed through to password manager
+        auth_handler.add_password(realm, request_url, user, password)
+        self.assertEqual(realm, password_manager.realm)
+        self.assertEqual(request_url, password_manager.url)
+        self.assertEqual(user, password_manager.user)
+        self.assertEqual(password, password_manager.password)
+
+        opener.open(request_url)
+
+        # should have asked the password manager for the username/password
+        self.assertEqual(password_manager.target_realm, realm)
+        self.assertEqual(password_manager.target_url, protected_url)
+
+        # expect one request without authorization, then one with
+        self.assertEqual(len(http_handler.requests), 2)
+        self.assertFalse(http_handler.requests[0].has_header(auth_header))
+        userpass = bytes('%s:%s' % (user, password), "ascii")
+        auth_hdr_value = ('Basic ' +
+            base64.encodebytes(userpass).strip().decode())
+        self.assertEqual(http_handler.requests[1].get_header(auth_header),
+                         auth_hdr_value)
+        self.assertEqual(http_handler.requests[1].unredirected_hdrs[auth_header],
+                         auth_hdr_value)
+        # if the password manager can't find a password, the handler won't
+        # handle the HTTP auth error
+        password_manager.user = password_manager.password = None
+        http_handler.reset()
+        opener.open(request_url)
+        self.assertEqual(len(http_handler.requests), 1)
+        self.assertFalse(http_handler.requests[0].has_header(auth_header))
+
+
+class MiscTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def opener_has_handler(self, opener, handler_class):
+        self.assertTrue(any(h.__class__ == handler_class
+                            for h in opener.handlers))
+
+    def test_build_opener(self):
+        class MyHTTPHandler(urllib_request.HTTPHandler): pass
+        class FooHandler(urllib_request.BaseHandler):
+            def foo_open(self): pass
+        class BarHandler(urllib_request.BaseHandler):
+            def bar_open(self): pass
+
+        build_opener = urllib_request.build_opener
+
+        o = build_opener(FooHandler, BarHandler)
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, FooHandler)
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, BarHandler)
+
+        # can take a mix of classes and instances
+        o = build_opener(FooHandler, BarHandler())
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, FooHandler)
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, BarHandler)
+
+        # subclasses of default handlers override default handlers
+        o = build_opener(MyHTTPHandler)
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, MyHTTPHandler)
+
+        # a particular case of overriding: default handlers can be passed
+        # in explicitly
+        o = build_opener()
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, urllib_request.HTTPHandler)
+        o = build_opener(urllib_request.HTTPHandler)
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, urllib_request.HTTPHandler)
+        o = build_opener(urllib_request.HTTPHandler())
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, urllib_request.HTTPHandler)
+
+        # Issue2670: multiple handlers sharing the same base class
+        class MyOtherHTTPHandler(urllib_request.HTTPHandler): pass
+        o = build_opener(MyHTTPHandler, MyOtherHTTPHandler)
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, MyHTTPHandler)
+        self.opener_has_handler(o, MyOtherHTTPHandler)
+
+    def test_HTTPError_interface(self):
+        """
+        Issue 13211 reveals that HTTPError didn't implement the URLError
+        interface even though HTTPError is a subclass of URLError.
+        """
+        msg = 'something bad happened'
+        url = code = fp = None
+        hdrs = 'Content-Length: 42'
+        err = urllib_error.HTTPError(url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(err, 'reason'))
+        self.assertEqual(err.reason, 'something bad happened')
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(err, 'hdrs'))
+        self.assertEqual(err.hdrs, 'Content-Length: 42')
+        expected_errmsg = 'HTTP Error %s: %s' % (err.code, err.msg)
+        self.assertEqual(str(err), expected_errmsg)
+
+
+class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.get = Request("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/")
+        self.post = Request("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/",
+                            "data",
+                            headers={"X-Test": "test"})
+
+    def test_method(self):
+        self.assertEqual("POST", self.post.get_method())
+        self.assertEqual("GET", self.get.get_method())
+
+    def test_data(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.get.data)
+        self.assertEqual("GET", self.get.get_method())
+        self.get.data = "spam"
+        self.assertTrue(self.get.data)
+        self.assertEqual("POST", self.get.get_method())
+
+    def test_get_full_url(self):
+        self.assertEqual("http://www.python.org/~jeremy/",
+                         self.get.get_full_url())
+
+    def test_selector(self):
+        self.assertEqual("/~jeremy/", self.get.selector)
+        req = Request("http://www.python.org/")
+        self.assertEqual("/", req.selector)
+
+    def test_get_type(self):
+        self.assertEqual("http", self.get.type)
+
+    def test_get_host(self):
+        self.assertEqual("www.python.org", self.get.host)
+
+    def test_get_host_unquote(self):
+        req = Request("http://www.%70ython.org/")
+        self.assertEqual("www.python.org", req.host)
+
+    def test_proxy(self):
+        self.assertFalse(self.get.has_proxy())
+        self.get.set_proxy("www.perl.org", "http")
+        self.assertTrue(self.get.has_proxy())
+        self.assertEqual("www.python.org", self.get.origin_req_host)
+        self.assertEqual("www.perl.org", self.get.host)
+
+    def test_wrapped_url(self):
+        req = Request("<URL:http://www.python.org>")
+        self.assertEqual("www.python.org", req.host)
+
+    def test_url_fragment(self):
+        req = Request("http://www.python.org/?qs=query#fragment=true")
+        self.assertEqual("/?qs=query", req.selector)
+        req = Request("http://www.python.org/#fun=true")
+        self.assertEqual("/", req.selector)
+
+        # Issue 11703: geturl() omits fragment in the original URL.
+        url = 'http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html#OK'
+        req = Request(url)
+        self.assertEqual(req.get_full_url(), url)
+
+    def test_HTTPError_interface_call(self):
+        """
+        Issue 15701 - HTTPError interface has info method available from URLError
+        """
+        err = urllib_request.HTTPError(msg="something bad happened", url=None,
+                                code=None, hdrs='Content-Length:42', fp=None)
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(err, 'reason'))
+        assert hasattr(err, 'reason')
+        assert hasattr(err, 'info')
+        assert callable(err.info)
+        try:
+            err.info()
+        except AttributeError:
+            self.fail('err.info call failed.')
+        self.assertEqual(err.info(), "Content-Length:42")
+
+def test_main(verbose=None):
+    # support.run_doctest(test_urllib2, verbose)
+    # support.run_doctest(urllib_request, verbose)
+    tests = (TrivialTests,
+             OpenerDirectorTests,
+             HandlerTests,
+             MiscTests,
+             RequestTests,
+             RequestHdrsTests)
+    support.run_unittest(*tests)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib_response.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib_response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8f4b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib_response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+"""Unit tests for code in urllib.response."""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+
+from future.backports import urllib
+import future.backports.urllib.response as urllib_response
+from future.backports.test import support as test_support
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+
+class File(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.closed = False
+
+    def read(self, bytes):
+        pass
+
+    def readline(self):
+        pass
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.closed = True
+
+
+class Testaddbase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    # TODO(jhylton): Write tests for other functionality of addbase()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.fp = File()
+        self.addbase = urllib_response.addbase(self.fp)
+
+    def test_with(self):
+        def f():
+            with self.addbase as spam:
+                pass
+        self.assertFalse(self.fp.closed)
+        f()
+        self.assertTrue(self.fp.closed)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, f)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib_toplevel.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib_toplevel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11e7720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllib_toplevel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1401 @@
+"""Regresssion tests for urllib"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+
+import io
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from nturl2path import url2pathname, pathname2url
+from base64 import b64encode
+import collections
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+
+from future.builtins import bytes, chr, hex, open, range, str, int
+from future.standard_library import install_aliases
+install_aliases()
+from urllib import parse as urllib_parse
+from urllib import request as urllib_request
+from urllib import error as urllib_error
+from http import client as http_client
+try:
+    from future.moves.test import support
+except ImportError:
+    from future.backports.test import support
+if PY2:
+    from future.backports.email import message as email_message
+else:
+    from email import message as email_message
+# from future.backports.email import message as email_message
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26, expectedFailurePY26, expectedFailurePY2
+
+
+def hexescape(char):
+    """Escape char as RFC 2396 specifies"""
+    hex_repr = hex(ord(char))[2:].upper()
+    if len(hex_repr) == 1:
+        hex_repr = "0%s" % hex_repr
+    return "%" + hex_repr
+
+# Shortcut for testing FancyURLopener
+_urlopener = None
+
+
+def urlopen(url, data=None, proxies=None):
+    """urlopen(url [, data]) -> open file-like object"""
+    global _urlopener
+    if proxies is not None:
+        opener = urllib_request.FancyURLopener(proxies=proxies)
+    elif not _urlopener:
+        with support.check_warnings(
+                ('FancyURLopener style of invoking requests is deprecated.',
+                DeprecationWarning)):
+            opener = urllib_request.FancyURLopener()
+        _urlopener = opener
+    else:
+        opener = _urlopener
+    if data is None:
+        return opener.open(url)
+    else:
+        return opener.open(url, data)
+
+
+class FakeHTTPMixin(object):
+    def fakehttp(self, fakedata):
+        class FakeSocket(io.BytesIO):
+            io_refs = 1
+
+            def sendall(self, data):
+                FakeHTTPConnection.buf = data
+
+            def makefile(self, *args, **kwds):
+                self.io_refs += 1
+                return self
+
+            def read(self, amt=None):
+                if self.closed:
+                    return b""
+                return io.BytesIO.read(self, amt)
+
+            def readline(self, length=None):
+                if self.closed:
+                    return b""
+                return io.BytesIO.readline(self, length)
+
+            def close(self):
+                self.io_refs -= 1
+                if self.io_refs == 0:
+                    io.BytesIO.close(self)
+
+        class FakeHTTPConnection(http_client.HTTPConnection):
+
+            # buffer to store data for verification in urlopen tests.
+            buf = None
+
+            def connect(self):
+                self.sock = FakeSocket(fakedata)
+
+        self._connection_class = http_client.HTTPConnection
+        http_client.HTTPConnection = FakeHTTPConnection
+
+    def unfakehttp(self):
+        http_client.HTTPConnection = self._connection_class
+
+
+class urlopen_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test urlopen() opening a temporary file.
+
+    Try to test as much functionality as possible so as to cut down on reliance
+    on connecting to the Net for testing.
+
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Create a temp file to use for testing
+        self.text = bytes("test_urllib: %s\n" % self.__class__.__name__,
+                          "ascii")
+        f = open(support.TESTFN, 'wb')
+        try:
+            f.write(self.text)
+        finally:
+            f.close()
+        self.pathname = support.TESTFN
+        self.returned_obj = urlopen("file:%s" % self.pathname)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        """Shut down the open object"""
+        self.returned_obj.close()
+        os.remove(support.TESTFN)
+
+    def test_interface(self):
+        # Make sure object returned by urlopen() has the specified methods
+        for attr in ("read", "readline", "readlines", "fileno",
+                     "close", "info", "geturl", "getcode", "__iter__"):
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(self.returned_obj, attr),
+                         "object returned by urlopen() lacks %s attribute" %
+                         attr)
+
+    def test_read(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.text, self.returned_obj.read())
+
+    def test_readline(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.text, self.returned_obj.readline())
+        self.assertEqual(b'', self.returned_obj.readline(),
+                         "calling readline() after exhausting the file did not"
+                         " return an empty string")
+
+    def test_readlines(self):
+        lines_list = self.returned_obj.readlines()
+        self.assertEqual(len(lines_list), 1,
+                         "readlines() returned the wrong number of lines")
+        self.assertEqual(lines_list[0], self.text,
+                         "readlines() returned improper text")
+
+    def test_fileno(self):
+        file_num = self.returned_obj.fileno()
+        self.assertIsInstance(file_num, int, "fileno() did not return an int")
+        self.assertEqual(os.read(file_num, len(self.text)), self.text,
+                         "Reading on the file descriptor returned by fileno() "
+                         "did not return the expected text")
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        # Test close() by calling it here and then having it be called again
+        # by the tearDown() method for the test
+        self.returned_obj.close()
+
+    def test_info(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.returned_obj.info(), email_message.Message)
+
+    def test_geturl(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.returned_obj.geturl(), self.pathname)
+
+    def test_getcode(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(self.returned_obj.getcode())
+
+    def test_iter(self):
+        # Test iterator
+        # Don't need to count number of iterations since test would fail the
+        # instant it returned anything beyond the first line from the
+        # comparison.
+        # Use the iterator in the usual implicit way to test for ticket #4608.
+        for line in self.returned_obj:
+            self.assertEqual(line, self.text)
+
+    def test_relativelocalfile(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,urllib_request.urlopen,'./' + self.pathname)
+
+class ProxyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Records changes to env vars
+        self.env = support.EnvironmentVarGuard()
+        # Delete all proxy related env vars
+        for k in list(os.environ):
+            if 'proxy' in k.lower():
+                self.env.unset(k)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # Restore all proxy related env vars
+        self.env.__exit__()
+        del self.env
+
+    def test_getproxies_environment_keep_no_proxies(self):
+        self.env.set('NO_PROXY', 'localhost')
+        proxies = urllib_request.getproxies_environment()
+        # getproxies_environment use lowered case truncated (no '_proxy') keys
+        self.assertEqual('localhost', proxies['no'])
+        # List of no_proxies with space.
+        self.env.set('NO_PROXY', 'localhost, anotherdomain.com, newdomain.com')
+        self.assertTrue(urllib_request.proxy_bypass_environment('anotherdomain.com'))
+
+class urlopen_HttpTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeHTTPMixin):
+    """Test urlopen() opening a fake http connection."""
+
+    def check_read(self, ver):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/" + ver + b" 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            fp = urlopen("http://python.org/")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), 'http://python.org/')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @unittest.skip('skipping test that uses https')
+    def test_url_fragment(self):
+        # Issue #11703: geturl() omits fragments in the original URL.
+        url = 'http://docs.python.org/library/urllib.html#OK'
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            fp = urllib_request.urlopen(url)
+            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), url)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @unittest.skip('skipping test that uses https')
+    def test_willclose(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            resp = urlopen("http://www.python.org")
+            self.assertTrue(resp.fp.will_close)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_read_0_9(self):
+        # "0.9" response accepted (but not "simple responses" without
+        # a status line)
+        self.check_read(b"0.9")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_read_1_0(self):
+        self.check_read(b"1.0")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_read_1_1(self):
+        self.check_read(b"1.1")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_read_bogus(self):
+        # urlopen() should raise IOError for many error codes.
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 401 Authentication Required
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Connection: close
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+''')
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(OSError, urlopen, "http://python.org/")
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @unittest.skip('skipping test that uses https')
+    def test_invalid_redirect(self):
+        # urlopen() should raise IOError for many error codes.
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 302 Found
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Location: file://guidocomputer.athome.com:/python/license
+Connection: close
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+''')
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(urllib_error.HTTPError, urlopen,
+                              "http://python.org/")
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_empty_socket(self):
+        # urlopen() raises IOError if the underlying socket does not send any
+        # data. (#1680230)
+        self.fakehttp(b'')
+        try:
+            self.assertRaises(IOError, urlopen, "http://something")
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_missing_localfile(self):
+        # Test for #10836
+        # 3.3 - URLError is not captured, explicit IOError is raised.
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen('file://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
+
+    def test_file_notexists(self):
+        fd, tmp_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        tmp_fileurl = 'file://localhost/' + tmp_file.replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        try:
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(tmp_file))
+            with urlopen(tmp_fileurl) as fobj:
+                self.assertTrue(fobj)
+        finally:
+            os.close(fd)
+            os.unlink(tmp_file)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(tmp_file))
+        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen(tmp_fileurl)
+
+    def test_ftp_nohost(self):
+        test_ftp_url = 'ftp:///path'
+        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen(test_ftp_url)
+
+    def test_ftp_nonexisting(self):
+        # 3.3 - IOError instead of URLError
+        with self.assertRaises(IOError):
+            urlopen('ftp://localhost/a/file/which/doesnot/exists.py')
+
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_userpass_inurl(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            fp = urlopen("http://user:pass@python.org/")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.geturl(), 'http://user:pass@python.org/')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_userpass_inurl_w_spaces(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n\r\nHello!")
+        try:
+            userpass = "a b:c d"
+            url = "http://{0}@python.org/".format(userpass)
+            fakehttp_wrapper = http_client.HTTPConnection
+            authorization = ("Authorization: Basic %s\r\n" %
+                             b64encode(userpass.encode("ASCII")).decode("ASCII"))
+            fp = urlopen(url)
+            # The authorization header must be in place
+            self.assertIn(authorization, fakehttp_wrapper.buf.decode("UTF-8"))
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"Hello!")
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), b"")
+            # the spaces are quoted in URL so no match
+            self.assertNotEqual(fp.geturl(), url)
+            self.assertEqual(fp.getcode(), 200)
+        finally:
+            self.unfakehttp()
+
+    def test_URLopener_deprecation(self):
+        with support.check_warnings(('',DeprecationWarning)):
+            urllib_request.URLopener()
+
+class urlretrieve_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test urllib.urlretrieve() on local files"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # Create a list of temporary files. Each item in the list is a file
+        # name (absolute path or relative to the current working directory).
+        # All files in this list will be deleted in the tearDown method. Note,
+        # this only helps to makes sure temporary files get deleted, but it
+        # does nothing about trying to close files that may still be open. It
+        # is the responsibility of the developer to properly close files even
+        # when exceptional conditions occur.
+        self.tempFiles = []
+
+        # Create a temporary file.
+        self.registerFileForCleanUp(support.TESTFN)
+        self.text = b'testing urllib.urlretrieve'
+        try:
+            FILE = open(support.TESTFN, 'wb')
+            FILE.write(self.text)
+            FILE.close()
+        finally:
+            try: FILE.close()
+            except: pass
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # Delete the temporary files.
+        for each in self.tempFiles:
+            try: os.remove(each)
+            except: pass
+
+    def constructLocalFileUrl(self, filePath):
+        filePath = os.path.abspath(filePath)
+        try:
+            filePath.encode("utf-8")
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("filePath is not encodable to utf8")
+        return "file://%s" % urllib_request.pathname2url(filePath)
+
+    def createNewTempFile(self, data=b""):
+        """Creates a new temporary file containing the specified data,
+        registers the file for deletion during the test fixture tear down, and
+        returns the absolute path of the file."""
+
+        newFd, newFilePath = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        try:
+            self.registerFileForCleanUp(newFilePath)
+            newFile = os.fdopen(newFd, "wb")
+            newFile.write(data)
+            newFile.close()
+        finally:
+            try: newFile.close()
+            except: pass
+        return newFilePath
+
+    def registerFileForCleanUp(self, fileName):
+        self.tempFiles.append(fileName)
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Make sure that a local file just gets its own location returned and
+        # a headers value is returned.
+        result = urllib_request.urlretrieve("file:%s" % support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertEqual(result[0], support.TESTFN)
+        self.assertIsInstance(result[1], email_message.Message,
+                              "did not get a email.message.Message instance "
+                              "as second returned value")
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        # Test that setting the filename argument works.
+        second_temp = "%s.2" % support.TESTFN
+        self.registerFileForCleanUp(second_temp)
+        result = urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(
+            support.TESTFN), second_temp)
+        self.assertEqual(second_temp, result[0])
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(second_temp), "copy of the file was not "
+                                                  "made")
+        FILE = open(second_temp, 'rb')
+        try:
+            text = FILE.read()
+            FILE.close()
+        finally:
+            try: FILE.close()
+            except: pass
+        self.assertEqual(self.text, text)
+
+    def test_reporthook(self):
+        # Make sure that the reporthook works.
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, count_holder=[0]):
+            self.assertIsInstance(block_count, int)
+            self.assertIsInstance(block_read_size, int)
+            self.assertIsInstance(file_size, int)
+            self.assertEqual(block_count, count_holder[0])
+            count_holder[0] = count_holder[0] + 1
+        second_temp = "%s.2" % support.TESTFN
+        self.registerFileForCleanUp(second_temp)
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(
+            self.constructLocalFileUrl(support.TESTFN),
+            second_temp, hooktester)
+
+    def test_reporthook_0_bytes(self):
+        # Test on zero length file. Should call reporthook only 1 time.
+        report = []
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
+            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
+        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile()
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
+            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
+        self.assertEqual(len(report), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 0)
+
+    def test_reporthook_5_bytes(self):
+        # Test on 5 byte file. Should call reporthook only 2 times (once when
+        # the "network connection" is established and once when the block is
+        # read).
+        report = []
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
+            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
+        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile(b"x" * 5)
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
+            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
+        self.assertEqual(len(report), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 5)
+        self.assertEqual(report[1][2], 5)
+
+    def test_reporthook_8193_bytes(self):
+        # Test on 8193 byte file. Should call reporthook only 3 times (once
+        # when the "network connection" is established, once for the next 8192
+        # bytes, and once for the last byte).
+        report = []
+        def hooktester(block_count, block_read_size, file_size, _report=report):
+            _report.append((block_count, block_read_size, file_size))
+        srcFileName = self.createNewTempFile(b"x" * 8193)
+        urllib_request.urlretrieve(self.constructLocalFileUrl(srcFileName),
+            support.TESTFN, hooktester)
+        self.assertEqual(len(report), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][2], 8193)
+        self.assertEqual(report[0][1], 8192)
+        self.assertEqual(report[1][1], 8192)
+        self.assertEqual(report[2][1], 8192)
+
+
+class urlretrieve_HttpTests(unittest.TestCase, FakeHTTPMixin):
+    """Test urllib.urlretrieve() using fake http connections"""
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_short_content_raises_ContentTooShortError(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Connection: close
+Content-Length: 100
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+
+FF
+''')
+
+        def _reporthook(par1, par2, par3):
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib_error.ContentTooShortError):
+            try:
+                urllib_request.urlretrieve('http://example.com/',
+                                           reporthook=_reporthook)
+            finally:
+                self.unfakehttp()
+
+    @expectedFailurePY2
+    def test_short_content_raises_ContentTooShortError_without_reporthook(self):
+        self.fakehttp(b'''HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2008 03:03:54 GMT
+Server: Apache/1.3.33 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.8.22 OpenSSL/0.9.7e
+Connection: close
+Content-Length: 100
+Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
+
+FF
+''')
+        with self.assertRaises(urllib_error.ContentTooShortError):
+            try:
+                urllib_request.urlretrieve('http://example.com/')
+            finally:
+                self.unfakehttp()
+
+
+class QuotingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for urllib.quote() and urllib.quote_plus()
+
+    According to RFC 2396 (Uniform Resource Identifiers), to escape a
+    character you write it as '%' + <2 character US-ASCII hex value>.
+    The Python code of ``'%' + hex(ord(<character>))[2:]`` escapes a
+    character properly. Case does not matter on the hex letters.
+
+    The various character sets specified are:
+
+    Reserved characters : ";/?:@&=+$,"
+        Have special meaning in URIs and must be escaped if not being used for
+        their special meaning
+    Data characters : letters, digits, and "-_.!~*'()"
+        Unreserved and do not need to be escaped; can be, though, if desired
+    Control characters : 0x00 - 0x1F, 0x7F
+        Have no use in URIs so must be escaped
+    space : 0x20
+        Must be escaped
+    Delimiters : '<>#%"'
+        Must be escaped
+    Unwise : "{}|\^[]`"
+        Must be escaped
+
+    """
+
+    def test_never_quote(self):
+        # Make sure quote() does not quote letters, digits, and "_,.-"
+        do_not_quote = '' .join(["ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",
+                                 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
+                                 "0123456789",
+                                 "_.-"])
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(do_not_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(do_not_quote, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (do_not_quote, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(do_not_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(do_not_quote, result,
+                        "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (do_not_quote, result))
+
+    def test_default_safe(self):
+        # Test '/' is default value for 'safe' parameter
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote.__defaults__[0], '/')
+
+    def test_safe(self):
+        # Test setting 'safe' parameter does what it should do
+        quote_by_default = "<>"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(quote_by_default, safe=quote_by_default)
+        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (quote_by_default, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(quote_by_default,
+                                         safe=quote_by_default)
+        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" %
+                         (quote_by_default, result))
+        # Safe expressed as bytes rather than str
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(quote_by_default, safe=b"<>")
+        self.assertEqual(quote_by_default, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (quote_by_default, result))
+        # "Safe" non-ASCII characters should have no effect
+        # (Since URIs are not allowed to have non-ASCII characters)
+        result = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="\xfc")
+        expect = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        # Same as above, but using a bytes rather than str
+        result = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe=b"\xfc")
+        expect = urllib_parse.quote("a\xfcb", encoding="latin-1", safe="")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" %
+                         (expect, result))
+
+    def test_default_quoting(self):
+        # Make sure all characters that should be quoted are by default sans
+        # space (separate test for that).
+        should_quote = [chr(num) for num in range(32)] # For 0x00 - 0x1F
+        should_quote.append('<>#%"{}|\^[]`')
+        should_quote.append(chr(127)) # For 0x7F
+        should_quote = ''.join(should_quote)
+        for char in should_quote:
+            result = urllib_parse.quote(char)
+            self.assertEqual(hexescape(char), result,
+                             "using quote(): "
+                             "%s should be escaped to %s, not %s" %
+                             (char, hexescape(char), result))
+            result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(char)
+            self.assertEqual(hexescape(char), result,
+                             "using quote_plus(): "
+                             "%s should be escapes to %s, not %s" %
+                             (char, hexescape(char), result))
+        del should_quote
+        partial_quote = "ab[]cd"
+        expected = "ab%5B%5Dcd"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(partial_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expected, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(partial_quote)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expected, result))
+
+    def test_quoting_space(self):
+        # Make sure quote() and quote_plus() handle spaces as specified in
+        # their unique way
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(' ')
+        self.assertEqual(result, hexescape(' '),
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (result, hexescape(' ')))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(' ')
+        self.assertEqual(result, '+',
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != +" % result)
+        given = "a b cd e f"
+        expect = given.replace(' ', hexescape(' '))
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        expect = given.replace(' ', '+')
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_quoting_plus(self):
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma'),
+                         'alpha%2Bbeta+gamma')
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma', '+'),
+                         'alpha+beta+gamma')
+        # Test with bytes
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus(b'alpha+beta gamma'),
+                         'alpha%2Bbeta+gamma')
+        # Test with safe bytes
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.quote_plus('alpha+beta gamma', b'+'),
+                         'alpha+beta+gamma')
+
+    def test_quote_bytes(self):
+        # Bytes should quote directly to percent-encoded values
+        given = b"\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
+        expect = "%A2%D8ab%FF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Encoding argument should raise type error on bytes input
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib_parse.quote, given,
+                            encoding="latin-1")
+        # quote_from_bytes should work the same
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_from_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_from_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_quote_with_unicode(self):
+        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded by default in UTF-8
+        given = "\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
+        expect = "%C2%A2%C3%98ab%C3%BF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded by with None (default)
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding=None, errors=None)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in Latin-1 range, encoded with Latin-1
+        given = "\xa2\xd8ab\xff"
+        expect = "%A2%D8ab%FF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded by default in UTF-8
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"              # "Kanji"
+        expect = "%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded with Latin-1
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, urllib_parse.quote, given,
+                                    encoding="latin-1")
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded with Latin-1, with replace error handling
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
+        expect = "%3F%3F"                   # "??"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1",
+                                    errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in BMP, Latin-1, with xmlcharref error handling
+        given = "\u6f22\u5b57"
+        expect = "%26%2328450%3B%26%2323383%3B"     # "&#28450;&#23383;"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote(given, encoding="latin-1",
+                                    errors="xmlcharrefreplace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_quote_plus_with_unicode(self):
+        # Encoding (latin-1) test for quote_plus
+        given = "\xa2\xd8 \xff"
+        expect = "%A2%D8+%FF"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(given, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Errors test for quote_plus
+        given = "ab\u6f22\u5b57 cd"
+        expect = "ab%3F%3F+cd"
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_plus(given, encoding="latin-1",
+                                         errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+
+class UnquotingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for unquote() and unquote_plus()
+
+    See the doc string for quoting_Tests for details on quoting and such.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_unquoting(self):
+        # Make sure unquoting of all ASCII values works
+        escape_list = []
+        for num in range(128):
+            given = hexescape(chr(num))
+            expect = chr(num)
+            result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                             "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+            result = urllib_parse.unquote_plus(given)
+            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                             "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" %
+                             (expect, result))
+            escape_list.append(given)
+        escape_string = ''.join(escape_list)
+        del escape_list
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(escape_string)
+        self.assertEqual(result.count('%'), 1,
+                         "using unquote(): not all characters escaped: "
+                         "%s" % result)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote, None)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote, ())
+        with support.check_warnings(('', BytesWarning), quiet=True):
+            self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote, bytes(b''))
+
+    def test_unquoting_badpercent(self):
+        # Test unquoting on bad percent-escapes
+        given = '%xab'
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%x'
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%'
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # unquote_to_bytes
+        given = '%xab'
+        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%x'
+        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        given = '%'
+        expect = bytes(given, 'ascii')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result, "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes, None)
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes, ())
+
+    def test_unquoting_mixed_case(self):
+        # Test unquoting on mixed-case hex digits in the percent-escapes
+        given = '%Ab%eA'
+        expect = b'\xab\xea'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquoting_parts(self):
+        # Make sure unquoting works when have non-quoted characters
+        # interspersed
+        given = 'ab%sd' % hexescape('c')
+        expect = "abcd"
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using quote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_plus(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquoting_plus(self):
+        # Test difference between unquote() and unquote_plus()
+        given = "are+there+spaces..."
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        expect = given.replace('+', ' ')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_plus(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_plus(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquote_to_bytes(self):
+        given = 'br%C3%BCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        expect = b'br\xc3\xbcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # Test on a string with unescaped non-ASCII characters
+        # (Technically an invalid URI; expect those characters to be UTF-8
+        # encoded).
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes("\u6f22%C3%BC")
+        expect = b'\xe6\xbc\xa2\xc3\xbc'    # UTF-8 for "\u6f22\u00fc"
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # Test with a bytes as input
+        given = b'%A2%D8ab%FF'
+        expect = b'\xa2\xd8ab\xff'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+        # Test with a bytes as input, with unescaped non-ASCII bytes
+        # (Technically an invalid URI; expect those bytes to be preserved)
+        given = b'%A2\xd8ab%FF'
+        expect = b'\xa2\xd8ab\xff'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote_to_bytes(): %r != %r"
+                         % (expect, result))
+
+    def test_unquote_with_unicode(self):
+        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with UTF-8
+        given = 'br%C3%BCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        expect = 'br\u00fcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with None (default)
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given, encoding=None, errors=None)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Characters in the Latin-1 range, encoded with Latin-1
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote('br%FCckner_sapporo_20050930.doc',
+                                      encoding="latin-1")
+        expect = 'br\u00fcckner_sapporo_20050930.doc'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Characters in BMP, encoded with UTF-8
+        given = "%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97"
+        expect = "\u6f22\u5b57"             # "Kanji"
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence
+        given = "%F3%B1"
+        expect = "\ufffd"                   # Replacement character
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence, replace errors
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given, errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # Decode with UTF-8, invalid sequence, ignoring errors
+        given = "%F3%B1"
+        expect = ""
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote(given, errors="ignore")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # A mix of non-ASCII and percent-encoded characters, UTF-8
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote("\u6f22%C3%BC")
+        expect = '\u6f22\u00fc'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+        # A mix of non-ASCII and percent-encoded characters, Latin-1
+        # (Note, the string contains non-Latin-1-representable characters)
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote("\u6f22%FC", encoding="latin-1")
+        expect = '\u6f22\u00fc'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "using unquote(): %r != %r" % (expect, result))
+
+class urlencode_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests for urlencode()"""
+
+    def help_inputtype(self, given, test_type):
+        """Helper method for testing different input types.
+
+        'given' must lead to only the pairs:
+            * 1st, 1
+            * 2nd, 2
+            * 3rd, 3
+
+        Test cannot assume anything about order.  Docs make no guarantee and
+        have possible dictionary input.
+
+        """
+        expect_somewhere = ["1st=1", "2nd=2", "3rd=3"]
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        for expected in expect_somewhere:
+            self.assertIn(expected, result,
+                         "testing %s: %s not found in %s" %
+                         (test_type, expected, result))
+        self.assertEqual(result.count('&'), 2,
+                         "testing %s: expected 2 '&'s; got %s" %
+                         (test_type, result.count('&')))
+        amp_location = result.index('&')
+        on_amp_left = result[amp_location - 1]
+        on_amp_right = result[amp_location + 1]
+        self.assertTrue(on_amp_left.isdigit() and on_amp_right.isdigit(),
+                     "testing %s: '&' not located in proper place in %s" %
+                     (test_type, result))
+        self.assertEqual(len(result), (5 * 3) + 2, #5 chars per thing and amps
+                         "testing %s: "
+                         "unexpected number of characters: %s != %s" %
+                         (test_type, len(result), (5 * 3) + 2))
+
+    def test_using_mapping(self):
+        # Test passing in a mapping object as an argument.
+        self.help_inputtype({"1st":'1', "2nd":'2', "3rd":'3'},
+                            "using dict as input type")
+
+    def test_using_sequence(self):
+        # Test passing in a sequence of two-item sequences as an argument.
+        self.help_inputtype([('1st', '1'), ('2nd', '2'), ('3rd', '3')],
+                            "using sequence of two-item tuples as input")
+
+    def test_quoting(self):
+        # Make sure keys and values are quoted using quote_plus()
+        given = {"&":"="}
+        expect = "%s=%s" % (hexescape('&'), hexescape('='))
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+        given = {"key name":"A bunch of pluses"}
+        expect = "key+name=A+bunch+of+pluses"
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_doseq(self):
+        # Test that passing True for 'doseq' parameter works correctly
+        given = {'sequence':['1', '2', '3']}
+        expect = "sequence=%s" % urllib_parse.quote_plus(str(['1', '2', '3']))
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        for value in given["sequence"]:
+            expect = "sequence=%s" % value
+            self.assertIn(expect, result)
+        self.assertEqual(result.count('&'), 2,
+                         "Expected 2 '&'s, got %s" % result.count('&'))
+
+    def test_empty_sequence(self):
+        self.assertEqual("", urllib_parse.urlencode({}))
+        self.assertEqual("", urllib_parse.urlencode([]))
+
+    def test_nonstring_values(self):
+        self.assertEqual("a=1", urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": 1}))
+        self.assertEqual("a=None", urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": None}))
+
+    def test_nonstring_seq_values(self):
+        from future.backports import OrderedDict    # for Py2.6
+        self.assertEqual("a=1&a=2", urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": [1, 2]}, True))
+        self.assertEqual("a=None&a=a",
+                         urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": [None, "a"]}, True))
+        data = OrderedDict([("a", 1), ("b", 1)])
+        self.assertEqual("a=a&a=b",
+                         urllib_parse.urlencode({"a": data}, True))
+
+    def test_urlencode_encoding(self):
+        # ASCII encoding. Expect %3F with errors="replace'
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%3F=%3F'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Default is UTF-8 encoding.
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Latin-1 encoding.
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%A0=%C1'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_urlencode_encoding_doseq(self):
+        # ASCII Encoding. Expect %3F with errors="replace'
+        given = (('\u00a0', '\u00c1'),)
+        expect = '%3F=%3F'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True,
+                                        encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # ASCII Encoding. On a sequence of values.
+        given = (("\u00a0", (1, "\u00c1")),)
+        expect = '%3F=1&%3F=%3F'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True,
+                                        encoding="ASCII", errors="replace")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Utf-8
+        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
+        expect = '%C2%A0=%C3%81'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = (("\u00a0", (42, "\u00c1")),)
+        expect = '%C2%A0=42&%C2%A0=%C3%81'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # latin-1
+        given = (("\u00a0", "\u00c1"),)
+        expect = '%A0=%C1'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = (("\u00a0", (42, "\u00c1")),)
+        expect = '%A0=42&%A0=%C1'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_urlencode_bytes(self):
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        expect = '%A0%24=%C1%24'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Sequence of values
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (42, b'\xc1\x24')),)
+        expect = '%A0%24=42&%A0%24=%C1%24'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+    def test_urlencode_encoding_safe_parameter(self):
+
+        # Send '$' (\x24) as safe character
+        # Default utf-8 encoding
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$")
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True, safe=":$")
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Safe parameter in sequence
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (b'\xc1\x24', 0xd, 42)),)
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$&%A0$=13&%A0$=42'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        # Test all above in latin-1 encoding
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, safe=":$",
+                                        encoding="latin-1")
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', b'\xc1\x24'),)
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, doseq=True, safe=":$",
+                                        encoding="latin-1")
+
+        given = ((b'\xa0\x24', (b'\xc1\x24', 0xd, 42)),)
+        expect = '%A0$=%C1$&%A0$=13&%A0$=42'
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode(given, True, safe=":$",
+                                        encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result)
+
+class Pathname_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test pathname2url() and url2pathname()"""
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Make sure simple tests pass
+        expected_path = os.path.join("parts", "of", "a", "path")
+        expected_url = "parts/of/a/path"
+        result = urllib_request.pathname2url(expected_path)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_url, result,
+                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (result, expected_url))
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(expected_url)
+        self.assertEqual(expected_path, result,
+                         "url2pathame() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (result, expected_path))
+
+    def test_quoting(self):
+        # Test automatic quoting and unquoting works for pathnam2url() and
+        # url2pathname() respectively
+        given = os.path.join("needs", "quot=ing", "here")
+        expect = "needs/%s/here" % urllib_parse.quote("quot=ing")
+        result = urllib_request.pathname2url(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        expect = given
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(result)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "url2pathname() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        given = os.path.join("make sure", "using_quote")
+        expect = "%s/using_quote" % urllib_parse.quote("make sure")
+        result = urllib_request.pathname2url(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "pathname2url() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+        given = "make+sure/using_unquote"
+        expect = os.path.join("make+sure", "using_unquote")
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         "url2pathname() failed; %s != %s" %
+                         (expect, result))
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'win32',
+                         'test specific to the urllib.url2path function.')
+    def test_ntpath(self):
+        given = ('/C:/', '///C:/', '/C|//')
+        expect = 'C:\\'
+        for url in given:
+            result = urllib_request.url2pathname(url)
+            self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                             'urllib_request..url2pathname() failed; %s != %s' %
+                             (expect, result))
+        given = '///C|/path'
+        expect = 'C:\\path'
+        result = urllib_request.url2pathname(given)
+        self.assertEqual(expect, result,
+                         'urllib_request.url2pathname() failed; %s != %s' %
+                         (expect, result))
+
+class Utility_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testcase to test the various utility functions in the urllib."""
+
+    def test_splitpasswd(self):
+        """Some of password examples are not sensible, but it is added to
+        confirming to RFC2617 and addressing issue4675.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'ab'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:ab'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\nb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\nb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\tb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\tb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\rb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\rb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\fb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\fb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a\vb'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a\vb'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a:b'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a:b'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user', 'a b'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user:a b'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user 2', 'ab'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user 2:ab'))
+        self.assertEqual(('user+1', 'a+b'),urllib_parse.splitpasswd('user+1:a+b'))
+
+    def test_thishost(self):
+        """Test the urllib_request.thishost utility function returns a tuple"""
+        self.assertIsInstance(urllib_request.thishost(), tuple)
+
+
+class URLopener_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Testcase to test the open method of URLopener class."""
+
+    def test_quoted_open(self):
+        class DummyURLopener(urllib_request.URLopener):
+            def open_spam(self, url):
+                return url
+        with support.check_warnings(
+                ('DummyURLopener style of invoking requests is deprecated.',
+                DeprecationWarning)):
+            self.assertEqual(DummyURLopener().open(
+                'spam://example/ /'),'//example/%20/')
+
+            # test the safe characters are not quoted by urlopen
+            self.assertEqual(DummyURLopener().open(
+                "spam://c:|windows%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|/path/"),
+                "//c:|windows%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|/path/")
+
+# Just commented them out.
+# Can't really tell why keep failing in windows and sparc.
+# Everywhere else they work ok, but on those machines, sometimes
+# fail in one of the tests, sometimes in other. I have a linux, and
+# the tests go ok.
+# If anybody has one of the problematic enviroments, please help!
+# .   Facundo
+#
+# def server(evt):
+#     import socket, time
+#     serv = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+#     serv.settimeout(3)
+#     serv.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+#     serv.bind(("", 9093))
+#     serv.listen(5)
+#     try:
+#         conn, addr = serv.accept()
+#         conn.send("1 Hola mundo\n")
+#         cantdata = 0
+#         while cantdata < 13:
+#             data = conn.recv(13-cantdata)
+#             cantdata += len(data)
+#             time.sleep(.3)
+#         conn.send("2 No more lines\n")
+#         conn.close()
+#     except socket.timeout:
+#         pass
+#     finally:
+#         serv.close()
+#         evt.set()
+#
+# class FTPWrapperTests(unittest.TestCase):
+#
+#     def setUp(self):
+#         import ftplib, time, threading
+#         ftplib.FTP.port = 9093
+#         self.evt = threading.Event()
+#         threading.Thread(target=server, args=(self.evt,)).start()
+#         time.sleep(.1)
+#
+#     def tearDown(self):
+#         self.evt.wait()
+#
+#     def testBasic(self):
+#         # connects
+#         ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
+#         ftp.close()
+#
+#     def testTimeoutNone(self):
+#         # global default timeout is ignored
+#         import socket
+#         self.assertTrue(socket.getdefaulttimeout() is None)
+#         socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
+#         try:
+#             ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
+#         finally:
+#             socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
+#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+#         ftp.close()
+#
+#     def testTimeoutDefault(self):
+#         # global default timeout is used
+#         import socket
+#         self.assertTrue(socket.getdefaulttimeout() is None)
+#         socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
+#         try:
+#             ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [])
+#         finally:
+#             socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
+#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+#         ftp.close()
+#
+#     def testTimeoutValue(self):
+#         ftp = urllib.ftpwrapper("myuser", "mypass", "localhost", 9093, [],
+#                                 timeout=30)
+#         self.assertEqual(ftp.ftp.sock.gettimeout(), 30)
+#         ftp.close()
+
+class RequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Unit tests for urllib_request.Request."""
+
+    def test_default_values(self):
+        Request = urllib_request.Request
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'GET')
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", {})
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'POST')
+
+    def test_with_method_arg(self):
+        Request = urllib_request.Request
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", method='HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, 'HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", {}, method='HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.method, 'HEAD')
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
+        request = Request("http://www.python.org", method='GET')
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'GET')
+        request.method = 'HEAD'
+        self.assertEqual(request.get_method(), 'HEAD')
+
+
+class URL2PathNameTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @expectedFailurePY26
+    def test_converting_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|"), 'C:')
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C:"), 'C:')
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|/"), 'C:\\')
+
+    def test_converting_when_no_drive_letter(self):
+        # cannot end a raw string in \
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C/test/"), r'\\\C\test' '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("////C/test/"), r'\\C\test' '\\')
+
+    def test_simple_compare(self):
+        self.assertEqual(url2pathname("///C|/foo/bar/spam.foo"),
+                         r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo')
+
+    def test_non_ascii_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, url2pathname, "///\u00e8|/")
+
+    def test_roundtrip_url2pathname(self):
+        list_of_paths = ['C:',
+                         r'\\\C\test\\',
+                         r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo'
+                         ]
+        for path in list_of_paths:
+            self.assertEqual(url2pathname(pathname2url(path)), path)
+
+class PathName2URLTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_converting_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url("C:"), '///C:')
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url("C:\\"), '///C:')
+
+    def test_converting_when_no_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\\\folder\test" "\\"),
+                         '/////folder/test/')
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\\folder\test" "\\"),
+                         '////folder/test/')
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r"\folder\test" "\\"),
+                         '/folder/test/')
+
+    def test_simple_compare(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pathname2url(r'C:\foo\bar\spam.foo'),
+                         "///C:/foo/bar/spam.foo" )
+
+    def test_long_drive_letter(self):
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, pathname2url, "XX:\\")
+
+    def test_roundtrip_pathname2url(self):
+        list_of_paths = ['///C:',
+                         '/////folder/test/',
+                         '///C:/foo/bar/spam.foo']
+        for path in list_of_paths:
+            self.assertEqual(pathname2url(url2pathname(path)), path)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllibnet.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllibnet.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9639bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urllibnet.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals
+
+import contextlib
+import socket
+import sys
+import os
+import time
+
+from future import utils
+from future.backports.test import support
+
+import future.moves.urllib.request as urllib_request
+# import future.backports.email.message as email_message
+# from future.backports.email.message import Message
+import email.message as email_message
+from email.message import Message
+
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26
+from future.builtins import int, open
+
+
+class URLTimeoutTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # XXX this test doesn't seem to test anything useful.
+
+    TIMEOUT = 30.0
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(self.TIMEOUT)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        socket.setdefaulttimeout(None)
+
+    def testURLread(self):
+        with support.transient_internet("www.python.org"):
+            f = urllib_request.urlopen("http://www.python.org/")
+            x = f.read()
+
+
+class urlopenNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests urllib.reqest.urlopen using the network.
+
+    These tests are not exhaustive.  Assuming that testing using files does a
+    good job overall of some of the basic interface features.  There are no
+    tests exercising the optional 'data' and 'proxies' arguments.  No tests
+    for transparent redirection have been written.
+
+    setUp is not used for always constructing a connection to
+    http://www.python.org/ since there a few tests that don't use that address
+    and making a connection is expensive enough to warrant minimizing unneeded
+    connections.
+
+    """
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def urlopen(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        resource = args[0]
+        with support.transient_internet(resource):
+            r = urllib_request.urlopen(*args, **kwargs)
+            try:
+                yield r
+            finally:
+                r.close()
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Simple test expected to pass.
+        with self.urlopen("http://www.python.org/") as open_url:
+            for attr in ("read", "readline", "readlines", "fileno", "close",
+                         "info", "geturl"):
+                self.assertTrue(hasattr(open_url, attr), "object returned from "
+                                "urlopen lacks the %s attribute" % attr)
+            self.assertTrue(open_url.read(), "calling 'read' failed")
+
+    def test_readlines(self):
+        # Test both readline and readlines.
+        with self.urlopen("http://www.python.org/") as open_url:
+            self.assertIsInstance(open_url.readline(), bytes,
+                                  "readline did not return a string")
+            self.assertIsInstance(open_url.readlines(), list,
+                                  "readlines did not return a list")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY2, 'test not applicable on Py2')
+    def test_info(self):
+        # Test 'info'.
+        with self.urlopen("http://www.python.org/") as open_url:
+            info_obj = open_url.info()
+            self.assertIsInstance(info_obj, email_message.Message,
+                                  "object returned by 'info' is not an "
+                                  "instance of email_message.Message")
+            self.assertEqual(info_obj.get_content_subtype(), "html")
+
+    def test_geturl(self):
+        # Make sure same URL as opened is returned by geturl.
+        URL = "https://www.python.org/"    # EJS: changed recently from http:// ?!
+        with self.urlopen(URL) as open_url:
+            gotten_url = open_url.geturl()
+            self.assertEqual(gotten_url, URL)
+
+    def test_getcode(self):
+        # test getcode() with the fancy opener to get 404 error codes
+        URL = "http://www.python.org/XXXinvalidXXX"
+        with support.transient_internet(URL):
+            open_url = urllib_request.FancyURLopener().open(URL)
+            try:
+                code = open_url.getcode()
+            finally:
+                open_url.close()
+            self.assertEqual(code, 404)
+
+    # On Windows, socket handles are not file descriptors; this
+    # test can't pass on Windows.
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform in ('darwin', 'win32',), 'not appropriate for Windows')
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY36_PLUS, 'test not applicable on Python 3.5 and higher')
+    @skip26
+    def test_fileno(self):
+        # Make sure fd returned by fileno is valid.
+        with self.urlopen("http://www.python.org/", timeout=None) as open_url:
+            fd = open_url.fileno()
+            with os.fdopen(fd, 'rb') as f:
+                self.assertTrue(f.read(), "reading from file created using fd "
+                                          "returned by fileno failed")
+
+    def test_bad_address(self):
+        # Make sure proper exception is raised when connecting to a bogus
+        # address.
+        bogus_domain = "sadflkjsasf.i.nvali.d"
+        try:
+            socket.gethostbyname(bogus_domain)
+        except (OSError, socket.error):     # for Py3 and Py2 respectively
+            # socket.gaierror is too narrow, since getaddrinfo() may also
+            # fail with EAI_SYSTEM and ETIMEDOUT (seen on Ubuntu 13.04),
+            # i.e. Python's TimeoutError.
+            pass
+        else:
+            # This happens with some overzealous DNS providers such as OpenDNS
+            self.skipTest("%r should not resolve for test to work" % bogus_domain)
+        self.assertRaises(IOError,
+                          # SF patch 809915:  In Sep 2003, VeriSign started
+                          # highjacking invalid .com and .net addresses to
+                          # boost traffic to their own site.  This test
+                          # started failing then.  One hopes the .invalid
+                          # domain will be spared to serve its defined
+                          # purpose.
+                          # urllib.urlopen, "http://www.sadflkjsasadf.com/")
+                          urllib_request.urlopen,
+                          "http://sadflkjsasf.i.nvali.d/")
+
+
+class urlretrieveNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Tests urllib_request.urlretrieve using the network."""
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def urlretrieve(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        resource = args[0]
+        with support.transient_internet(resource):
+            file_location, info = urllib_request.urlretrieve(*args, **kwargs)
+            try:
+                yield file_location, info
+            finally:
+                support.unlink(file_location)
+
+    def test_basic(self):
+        # Test basic functionality.
+        with self.urlretrieve("http://www.python.org/") as (file_location, info):
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(file_location), "file location returned by"
+                            " urlretrieve is not a valid path")
+            with open(file_location, 'rb') as f:
+                self.assertTrue(f.read(), "reading from the file location returned"
+                                " by urlretrieve failed")
+
+    def test_specified_path(self):
+        # Make sure that specifying the location of the file to write to works.
+        with self.urlretrieve("http://www.python.org/",
+                              support.TESTFN) as (file_location, info):
+            self.assertEqual(file_location, support.TESTFN)
+            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(file_location))
+            with open(file_location, 'rb') as f:
+                self.assertTrue(f.read(), "reading from temporary file failed")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(utils.PY2, 'test not applicable on Py2')
+    def test_header(self):
+        # Make sure header returned as 2nd value from urlretrieve is good.
+        with self.urlretrieve("http://www.python.org/") as (file_location, info):
+            self.assertIsInstance(info, email_message.Message,
+                                  "info is not an instance of email_message.Message")
+
+    logo = "http://www.python.org/static/community_logos/python-logo-master-v3-TM.png"
+
+    def test_data_header(self):
+        with self.urlretrieve(self.logo) as (file_location, fileheaders):
+            datevalue = fileheaders.get('Date')
+            dateformat = '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
+            try:
+                time.strptime(datevalue, dateformat)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.fail('Date value not in %r format', dateformat)
+
+    def test_reporthook(self):
+        records = []
+        def recording_reporthook(blocks, block_size, total_size):
+            records.append((blocks, block_size, total_size))
+
+        with self.urlretrieve(self.logo, reporthook=recording_reporthook) as (
+                file_location, fileheaders):
+            expected_size = int(fileheaders['Content-Length'])
+
+        records_repr = repr(records)  # For use in error messages.
+        self.assertGreater(len(records), 1, msg="There should always be two "
+                           "calls; the first one before the transfer starts.")
+        self.assertEqual(records[0][0], 0)
+        self.assertGreater(records[0][1], 0,
+                           msg="block size can't be 0 in %s" % records_repr)
+        self.assertEqual(records[0][2], expected_size)
+        self.assertEqual(records[-1][2], expected_size)
+
+        block_sizes = set(block_size for _, block_size, _ in records)
+        self.assertEqual(set([records[0][1]]), block_sizes,
+                         msg="block sizes in %s must be equal" % records_repr)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(records[-1][0]*records[0][1], expected_size,
+                                msg="number of blocks * block size must be"
+                                " >= total size in %s" % records_repr)
+
+
+def test_main():
+    # support.requires('network')
+    support.run_unittest(URLTimeoutTest,
+                         urlopenNetworkTests,
+                         urlretrieveNetworkTests)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urlparse.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urlparse.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64e8de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_urlparse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,860 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Python 3.3 tests for urllib.parse
+"""
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from future import standard_library
+
+import future.backports.urllib.parse as urllib_parse
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+
+RFC1808_BASE = "http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f"
+RFC2396_BASE = "http://a/b/c/d;p?q"
+RFC3986_BASE = 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q'
+SIMPLE_BASE  = 'http://a/b/c/d'
+
+# A list of test cases.  Each test case is a two-tuple that contains
+# a string with the query and a dictionary with the expected result.
+
+parse_qsl_test_cases = [
+    ("", []),
+    ("&", []),
+    ("&&", []),
+    ("=", [('', '')]),
+    ("=a", [('', 'a')]),
+    ("a", [('a', '')]),
+    ("a=", [('a', '')]),
+    ("a=", [('a', '')]),
+    ("&a=b", [('a', 'b')]),
+    ("a=a+b&b=b+c", [('a', 'a b'), ('b', 'b c')]),
+    ("a=1&a=2", [('a', '1'), ('a', '2')]),
+    (b"", []),
+    (b"&", []),
+    (b"&&", []),
+    (b"=", [(b'', b'')]),
+    (b"=a", [(b'', b'a')]),
+    (b"a", [(b'a', b'')]),
+    (b"a=", [(b'a', b'')]),
+    (b"a=", [(b'a', b'')]),
+    (b"&a=b", [(b'a', b'b')]),
+    (b"a=a+b&b=b+c", [(b'a', b'a b'), (b'b', b'b c')]),
+    (b"a=1&a=2", [(b'a', b'1'), (b'a', b'2')]),
+]
+
+class UrlParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def checkRoundtrips(self, url, parsed, split):
+        result = urllib_parse.urlparse(url)
+        self.assertEqual(result, parsed)
+        t = (result.scheme, result.netloc, result.path,
+             result.params, result.query, result.fragment)
+        self.assertEqual(t, parsed)
+        # put it back together and it should be the same
+        result2 = urllib_parse.urlunparse(result)
+        self.assertEqual(result2, url)
+        self.assertEqual(result2, result.geturl())
+
+        # the result of geturl() is a fixpoint; we can always parse it
+        # again to get the same result:
+        result3 = urllib_parse.urlparse(result.geturl())
+        self.assertEqual(result3.geturl(), result.geturl())
+        self.assertEqual(result3,          result)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.scheme,   result.scheme)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.netloc,   result.netloc)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.path,     result.path)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.params,   result.params)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.query,    result.query)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.fragment, result.fragment)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.username, result.username)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.password, result.password)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.hostname, result.hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.port,     result.port)
+
+        # check the roundtrip using urlsplit() as well
+        result = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(result, split)
+        t = (result.scheme, result.netloc, result.path,
+             result.query, result.fragment)
+        self.assertEqual(t, split)
+        result2 = urllib_parse.urlunsplit(result)
+        self.assertEqual(result2, url)
+        self.assertEqual(result2, result.geturl())
+
+        # check the fixpoint property of re-parsing the result of geturl()
+        result3 = urllib_parse.urlsplit(result.geturl())
+        self.assertEqual(result3.geturl(), result.geturl())
+        self.assertEqual(result3,          result)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.scheme,   result.scheme)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.netloc,   result.netloc)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.path,     result.path)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.query,    result.query)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.fragment, result.fragment)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.username, result.username)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.password, result.password)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.hostname, result.hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(result3.port,     result.port)
+
+    def test_qsl(self):
+        for orig, expect in parse_qsl_test_cases:
+            result = urllib_parse.parse_qsl(orig, keep_blank_values=True)
+            self.assertEqual(result, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)
+            expect_without_blanks = [v for v in expect if len(v[1])]
+            result = urllib_parse.parse_qsl(orig, keep_blank_values=False)
+            self.assertEqual(result, expect_without_blanks,
+                            "Error parsing %r" % orig)
+
+    def test_roundtrips(self):
+        str_cases = [
+            ('file:///tmp/junk.txt',
+             ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
+             ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
+            ('imap://mail.python.org/mbox1',
+             ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '', ''),
+             ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '')),
+            ('mms://wms.sys.hinet.net/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
+             ('mms', 'wms.sys.hinet.net', '/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
+              '', '', ''),
+             ('mms', 'wms.sys.hinet.net', '/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
+              '', '')),
+            ('nfs://server/path/to/file.txt',
+             ('nfs', 'server', '/path/to/file.txt', '', '', ''),
+             ('nfs', 'server', '/path/to/file.txt', '', '')),
+            ('svn+ssh://svn.zope.org/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
+             ('svn+ssh', 'svn.zope.org', '/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
+              '', '', ''),
+             ('svn+ssh', 'svn.zope.org', '/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
+              '', '')),
+            ('git+ssh://git@github.com/user/project.git',
+            ('git+ssh', 'git@github.com','/user/project.git',
+             '','',''),
+            ('git+ssh', 'git@github.com','/user/project.git',
+             '', '')),
+            ]
+        def _encode(t):
+            return (t[0].encode('ascii'),
+                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[1]),
+                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[2]))
+        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
+        for url, parsed, split in str_cases + bytes_cases:
+            self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)
+
+    def test_http_roundtrips(self):
+        # urllib_parse.urlsplit treats 'http:' as an optimized special case,
+        # so we test both 'http:' and 'https:' in all the following.
+        # Three cheers for white box knowledge!
+        str_cases = [
+            ('://www.python.org',
+             ('www.python.org', '', '', '', ''),
+             ('www.python.org', '', '', '')),
+            ('://www.python.org#abc',
+             ('www.python.org', '', '', '', 'abc'),
+             ('www.python.org', '', '', 'abc')),
+            ('://www.python.org?q=abc',
+             ('www.python.org', '', '', 'q=abc', ''),
+             ('www.python.org', '', 'q=abc', '')),
+            ('://www.python.org/#abc',
+             ('www.python.org', '/', '', '', 'abc'),
+             ('www.python.org', '/', '', 'abc')),
+            ('://a/b/c/d;p?q#f',
+             ('a', '/b/c/d', 'p', 'q', 'f'),
+             ('a', '/b/c/d;p', 'q', 'f')),
+            ]
+        def _encode(t):
+            return (t[0].encode('ascii'),
+                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[1]),
+                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[2]))
+        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
+        str_schemes = ('http', 'https')
+        bytes_schemes = (b'http', b'https')
+        str_tests = str_schemes, str_cases
+        bytes_tests = bytes_schemes, bytes_cases
+        for schemes, test_cases in (str_tests, bytes_tests):
+            for scheme in schemes:
+                for url, parsed, split in test_cases:
+                    url = scheme + url
+                    parsed = (scheme,) + parsed
+                    split = (scheme,) + split
+                    self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)
+
+    def checkJoin(self, base, relurl, expected):
+        str_components = (base, relurl, expected)
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urljoin(base, relurl), expected)
+        bytes_components = baseb, relurlb, expectedb = [
+                            x.encode('ascii') for x in str_components]
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urljoin(baseb, relurlb), expectedb)
+
+    def test_unparse_parse(self):
+        str_cases = ['Python', './Python','x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff','x://y','x:/y','x:/','/',]
+        bytes_cases = [x.encode('ascii') for x in str_cases]
+        for u in str_cases + bytes_cases:
+            self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlunsplit(urllib_parse.urlsplit(u)), u)
+            self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlunparse(urllib_parse.urlparse(u)), u)
+
+    def test_RFC1808(self):
+        # "normal" cases from RFC 1808:
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g:h', 'g:h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/g', 'http://a/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//g', 'http://g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y', 'http://a/b/c/g?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '#s', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g#s', 'http://a/b/c/g#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g#s/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g;x', 'http://a/b/c/g;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g;x?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '.', 'http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './', 'http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '..', 'http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../', 'http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../g', 'http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../..', 'http://a/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../', 'http://a/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../g', 'http://a/g')
+
+        # "abnormal" cases from RFC 1808:
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../../g', 'http://a/../g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../../../g', 'http://a/../../g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/./g', 'http://a/./g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/../g', 'http://a/../g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g.', 'http://a/b/c/g.')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '.g', 'http://a/b/c/.g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g..', 'http://a/b/c/g..')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '..g', 'http://a/b/c/..g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './../g', 'http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './g/.', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/./h', 'http://a/b/c/g/h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/../h', 'http://a/b/c/h')
+
+        # RFC 1808 and RFC 1630 disagree on these (according to RFC 1808),
+        # so we'll not actually run these tests (which expect 1808 behavior).
+        #self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:g', 'http:g')
+        #self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:', 'http:')
+
+    def test_RFC2368(self):
+        # Issue 11467: path that starts with a number is not parsed correctly
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse('mailto:1337@example.org'),
+                ('mailto', '', '1337@example.org', '', '', ''))
+
+    def test_RFC2396(self):
+        # cases from RFC 2396
+
+
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g:h', 'g:h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/g', 'http://a/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '//g', 'http://g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y', 'http://a/b/c/g?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '#s', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s', 'http://a/b/c/g#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x', 'http://a/b/c/g;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '.', 'http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './', 'http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '..', 'http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../', 'http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../g', 'http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../..', 'http://a/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../', 'http://a/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../g', 'http://a/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '', RFC2396_BASE)
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../../g', 'http://a/../g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../../../g', 'http://a/../../g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/./g', 'http://a/./g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/../g', 'http://a/../g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g.', 'http://a/b/c/g.')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '.g', 'http://a/b/c/.g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g..', 'http://a/b/c/g..')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '..g', 'http://a/b/c/..g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './../g', 'http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './g/.', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/./h', 'http://a/b/c/g/h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/../h', 'http://a/b/c/h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x=1/./y', 'http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x=1/../y', 'http://a/b/c/y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y/../x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/../x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s/../x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/../x')
+
+    def test_RFC3986(self):
+        # Test cases from RFC3986
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, ';x', 'http://a/b/c/;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g:h','g:h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g','http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './g','http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/','http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/g','http://a/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '//g','http://g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '#s','http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s','http://a/b/c/g#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y#s','http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, ';x','http://a/b/c/;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x','http://a/b/c/g;x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x?y#s','http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '','http://a/b/c/d;p?q')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '.','http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './','http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '..','http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../','http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../g','http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../..','http://a/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../','http://a/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../g','http://a/g')
+
+        #Abnormal Examples
+
+        # The 'abnormal scenarios' are incompatible with RFC2986 parsing
+        # Tests are here for reference.
+
+        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../../g','http://a/g')
+        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../../../g','http://a/g')
+        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/./g','http://a/g')
+        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/../g','http://a/g')
+
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g.','http://a/b/c/g.')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '.g','http://a/b/c/.g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g..','http://a/b/c/g..')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '..g','http://a/b/c/..g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './../g','http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './g/.','http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/./h','http://a/b/c/g/h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/../h','http://a/b/c/h')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x=1/./y','http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x=1/../y','http://a/b/c/y')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y/../x','http://a/b/c/g?y/../x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s/./x','http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s/../x','http://a/b/c/g#s/../x')
+        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'http:g','http:g') # strict parser
+        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g') #relaxed parser
+
+        # Test for issue9721
+        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/de', ';x','http://a/b/c/;x')
+
+    def test_urljoins(self):
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g:h','g:h')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g','http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './g','http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/','http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '/g','http://a/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '//g','http://g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d?y')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '.','http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './','http://a/b/c/')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '..','http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../','http://a/b/')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../g','http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../..','http://a/')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../../g','http://a/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../../../g','http://a/../g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './../g','http://a/b/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './g/.','http://a/b/c/g/')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '/./g','http://a/./g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/./h','http://a/b/c/g/h')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/../h','http://a/b/c/h')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:?y','http://a/b/c/d?y')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
+        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
+        self.checkJoin('http:///', '..','http:///')
+        self.checkJoin('', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
+        self.checkJoin('', 'http://a/./g', 'http://a/./g')
+        self.checkJoin('svn://pathtorepo/dir1', 'dir2', 'svn://pathtorepo/dir2')
+        self.checkJoin('svn+ssh://pathtorepo/dir1', 'dir2', 'svn+ssh://pathtorepo/dir2')
+
+    def test_RFC2732(self):
+        str_cases = [
+            ('http://Test.python.org:5432/foo/', 'test.python.org', 5432),
+            ('http://12.34.56.78:5432/foo/', '12.34.56.78', 5432),
+            ('http://[::1]:5432/foo/', '::1', 5432),
+            ('http://[dead:beef::1]:5432/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', 5432),
+            ('http://[dead:beef::]:5432/foo/', 'dead:beef::', 5432),
+            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]:5432/foo/',
+             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', 5432),
+            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]:5432/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', 5432),
+            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]:5432/foo/',
+             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', 5432),
+            ('http://Test.python.org/foo/', 'test.python.org', None),
+            ('http://12.34.56.78/foo/', '12.34.56.78', None),
+            ('http://[::1]/foo/', '::1', None),
+            ('http://[dead:beef::1]/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', None),
+            ('http://[dead:beef::]/foo/', 'dead:beef::', None),
+            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]/foo/',
+             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', None),
+            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', None),
+            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]/foo/',
+             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', None),
+            ]
+        def _encode(t):
+            return t[0].encode('ascii'), t[1].encode('ascii'), t[2]
+        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
+        for url, hostname, port in str_cases + bytes_cases:
+            urlparsed = urllib_parse.urlparse(url)
+            self.assertEqual((urlparsed.hostname, urlparsed.port) , (hostname, port))
+
+        str_cases = [
+                'http://::12.34.56.78]/',
+                'http://[::1/foo/',
+                'ftp://[::1/foo/bad]/bad',
+                'http://[::1/foo/bad]/bad',
+                'http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78']
+        bytes_cases = [x.encode('ascii') for x in str_cases]
+        for invalid_url in str_cases + bytes_cases:
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib_parse.urlparse, invalid_url)
+
+    def test_urldefrag(self):
+        str_cases = [
+            ('http://python.org#frag', 'http://python.org', 'frag'),
+            ('http://python.org', 'http://python.org', ''),
+            ('http://python.org/#frag', 'http://python.org/', 'frag'),
+            ('http://python.org/', 'http://python.org/', ''),
+            ('http://python.org/?q#frag', 'http://python.org/?q', 'frag'),
+            ('http://python.org/?q', 'http://python.org/?q', ''),
+            ('http://python.org/p#frag', 'http://python.org/p', 'frag'),
+            ('http://python.org/p?q', 'http://python.org/p?q', ''),
+            (RFC1808_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', 'f'),
+            (RFC2396_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', ''),
+        ]
+        def _encode(t):
+            return type(t)(x.encode('ascii') for x in t)
+        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
+        for url, defrag, frag in str_cases + bytes_cases:
+            result = urllib_parse.urldefrag(url)
+            self.assertEqual(result.geturl(), url)
+            self.assertEqual(result, (defrag, frag))
+            self.assertEqual(result.url, defrag)
+            self.assertEqual(result.fragment, frag)
+
+    def test_urlsplit_attributes(self):
+        url = "HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG/doc/#frag"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "WWW.PYTHON.ORG")
+        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
+        self.assertEqual(p.query, "")
+        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
+        # geturl() won't return exactly the original URL in this case
+        # since the scheme is always case-normalized
+        # We handle this by ignoring the first 4 characters of the URL
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl()[4:], url[4:])
+
+        url = "http://User:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
+        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
+        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=yes")
+        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, "User")
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, "Pass")
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)
+
+        # Addressing issue1698, which suggests Username can contain
+        # "@" characters.  Though not RFC compliant, many ftp sites allow
+        # and request email addresses as usernames.
+
+        url = "http://User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080")
+        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
+        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=yes")
+        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, "User@example.com")
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, "Pass")
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)
+
+        # And check them all again, only with bytes this time
+        url = b"HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG/doc/#frag"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"WWW.PYTHON.ORG")
+        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
+        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl()[4:], url[4:])
+
+        url = b"http://User:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
+        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
+        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=yes")
+        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, b"User")
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, b"Pass")
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)
+
+        url = b"http://User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080")
+        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
+        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=yes")
+        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, b"User@example.com")
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, b"Pass")
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)
+
+        # Verify an illegal port is returned as None
+        url = b"HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG:65536/doc/#frag"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(url)
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
+
+    def test_attributes_bad_port(self):
+        """Check handling of non-integer ports."""
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit("http://www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)
+
+        p = urllib_parse.urlparse("http://www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)
+
+        # Once again, repeat ourselves to test bytes
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(b"http://www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)
+
+        p = urllib_parse.urlparse(b"http://www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"www.example.net:foo")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)
+
+    def test_attributes_without_netloc(self):
+        # This example is straight from RFC 3261.  It looks like it
+        # should allow the username, hostname, and port to be filled
+        # in, but doesn't.  Since it's a URI and doesn't use the
+        # scheme://netloc syntax, the netloc and related attributes
+        # should be left empty.
+        uri = "sip:alice@atlanta.com;maddr=239.255.255.1;ttl=15"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(uri)
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)
+
+        p = urllib_parse.urlparse(uri)
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)
+
+        # You guessed it, repeating the test with bytes input
+        uri = b"sip:alice@atlanta.com;maddr=239.255.255.1;ttl=15"
+        p = urllib_parse.urlsplit(uri)
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)
+
+        p = urllib_parse.urlparse(uri)
+        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
+        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)
+
+    def test_noslash(self):
+        # Issue 1637: http://foo.com?query is legal
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("http://example.com?blahblah=/foo"),
+                         ('http', 'example.com', '', '', 'blahblah=/foo', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"http://example.com?blahblah=/foo"),
+                         (b'http', b'example.com', b'', b'', b'blahblah=/foo', b''))
+
+    def test_withoutscheme(self):
+        # Test urlparse without scheme
+        # Issue 754016: urlparse goes wrong with IP:port without scheme
+        # RFC 1808 specifies that netloc should start with //, urlparse expects
+        # the same, otherwise it classifies the portion of url as path.
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("path"),
+                ('','','path','','',''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("//www.python.org:80"),
+                ('','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("http://www.python.org:80"),
+                ('http','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
+        # Repeat for bytes input
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"path"),
+                (b'',b'',b'path',b'',b'',b''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"//www.python.org:80"),
+                (b'',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"http://www.python.org:80"),
+                (b'http',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))
+
+    def test_portseparator(self):
+        # Issue 754016 makes changes for port separator ':' from scheme separator
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("path:80"),
+                ('','','path:80','','',''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("http:"),('http','','','','',''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("https:"),('https','','','','',''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("http://www.python.org:80"),
+                ('http','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
+        # As usual, need to check bytes input as well
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"path:80"),
+                (b'',b'',b'path:80',b'',b'',b''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"http:"),(b'http',b'',b'',b'',b'',b''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"https:"),(b'https',b'',b'',b'',b'',b''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"http://www.python.org:80"),
+                (b'http',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))
+
+    def test_usingsys(self):
+        # Issue 3314: sys module is used in the error
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib_parse.urlencode, "foo")
+
+    def test_anyscheme(self):
+        # Issue 7904: s3://foo.com/stuff has netloc "foo.com".
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("s3://foo.com/stuff"),
+                         ('s3', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', '', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff"),
+                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', '', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query#fragment"),
+                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', 'query', 'fragment'))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query"),
+                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', 'query', ''))
+
+        # And for bytes...
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"s3://foo.com/stuff"),
+                         (b's3', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'', b''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff"),
+                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'', b''))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query#fragment"),
+                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'query', b'fragment'))
+        self.assertEqual(urllib_parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query"),
+                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'query', b''))
+
+    def test_mixed_types_rejected(self):
+        # Several functions that process either strings or ASCII encoded bytes
+        # accept multiple arguments. Check they reject mixed type input
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlparse("www.python.org", b"http")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlparse(b"www.python.org", "http")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlsplit("www.python.org", b"http")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlsplit(b"www.python.org", "http")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlunparse(( b"http", "www.python.org","","","",""))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlunparse(("http", b"www.python.org","","","",""))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlunsplit((b"http", "www.python.org","","",""))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urlunsplit(("http", b"www.python.org","","",""))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urljoin("http://python.org", b"http://python.org")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
+            urllib_parse.urljoin(b"http://python.org", "http://python.org")
+
+    def _check_result_type(self, str_type):
+        num_args = len(str_type._fields)
+        bytes_type = str_type._encoded_counterpart
+        self.assertIs(bytes_type._decoded_counterpart, str_type)
+        str_args = ('',) * num_args
+        bytes_args = (b'',) * num_args
+        str_result = str_type(*str_args)
+        bytes_result = bytes_type(*bytes_args)
+        encoding = 'ascii'
+        errors = 'strict'
+        self.assertEqual(str_result, str_args)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(), str_args)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(), str_result)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding), str_args)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding), str_result)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding, errors), str_args)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding, errors), str_result)
+        self.assertEqual(bytes_result, bytes_args)
+        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(), bytes_args)
+        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(), bytes_result)
+        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding), bytes_args)
+        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding), bytes_result)
+        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding, errors), bytes_args)
+        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding, errors), bytes_result)
+
+    def test_result_pairs(self):
+        # Check encoding and decoding between result pairs
+        result_types = [
+          urllib_parse.DefragResult,
+          urllib_parse.SplitResult,
+          urllib_parse.ParseResult,
+        ]
+        for result_type in result_types:
+            self._check_result_type(result_type)
+
+    def test_parse_qs_encoding(self):
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9", encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\xE9']})
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\xE9']})
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="ascii")
+        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\ufffd\ufffd']})
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii")
+        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\ufffd-']})
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii",
+                                                          errors="ignore")
+        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141-']})
+
+    def test_parse_qsl_encoding(self):
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9", encoding="latin-1")
+        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\xE9')])
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="utf-8")
+        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\xE9')])
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="ascii")
+        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\ufffd\ufffd')])
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii")
+        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\ufffd-')])
+        result = urllib_parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii",
+                                                          errors="ignore")
+        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141-')])
+
+    def test_splitnport(self):
+        # Normal cases are exercised by other tests; ensure that we also
+        # catch cases with no port specified. (testcase ensuring coverage)
+        result = urllib_parse.splitnport('parrot:88')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('parrot', 88))
+        result = urllib_parse.splitnport('parrot')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('parrot', -1))
+        result = urllib_parse.splitnport('parrot', 55)
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('parrot', 55))
+        result = urllib_parse.splitnport('parrot:')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('parrot', None))
+
+    def test_splitquery(self):
+        # Normal cases are exercised by other tests; ensure that we also
+        # catch cases with no port specified (testcase ensuring coverage)
+        result = urllib_parse.splitquery('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('http://python.org/fake', 'foo=bar'))
+        result = urllib_parse.splitquery('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar?')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar', ''))
+        result = urllib_parse.splitquery('http://python.org/fake')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('http://python.org/fake', None))
+
+    def test_splitvalue(self):
+        # Normal cases are exercised by other tests; test pathological cases
+        # with no key/value pairs. (testcase ensuring coverage)
+        result = urllib_parse.splitvalue('foo=bar')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('foo', 'bar'))
+        result = urllib_parse.splitvalue('foo=')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('foo', ''))
+        result = urllib_parse.splitvalue('foobar')
+        self.assertEqual(result, ('foobar', None))
+
+    def test_to_bytes(self):
+        result = urllib_parse.to_bytes('http://www.python.org')
+        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://www.python.org')
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, urllib_parse.to_bytes,
+                          'http://www.python.org/medi\u00e6val')
+
+    def test_urlencode_sequences(self):
+        # Other tests incidentally urlencode things; test non-covered cases:
+        # Sequence and object values.
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode({'a': [1, 2], 'b': (3, 4, 5)}, True)
+        # we cannot rely on ordering here
+        assert set(result.split('&')) == set(['a=1', 'a=2', 'b=3', 'b=4', 'b=5'])
+
+        class Trivial(object):
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'trivial'
+
+        result = urllib_parse.urlencode({'a': Trivial()}, True)
+        self.assertEqual(result, 'a=trivial')
+
+    def test_quote_from_bytes(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib_parse.quote_from_bytes, 'foo')
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_from_bytes(b'archaeological arcana')
+        self.assertEqual(result, 'archaeological%20arcana')
+        result = urllib_parse.quote_from_bytes(b'')
+        self.assertEqual(result, '')
+
+    def test_unquote_to_bytes(self):
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes('abc%20def')
+        self.assertEqual(result, b'abc def')
+        result = urllib_parse.unquote_to_bytes('')
+        self.assertEqual(result, b'')
+
+    def test_quote_errors(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib_parse.quote, b'foo',
+                          encoding='utf-8')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib_parse.quote, b'foo', errors='strict')
+
+    def test_issue14072(self):
+        p1 = urllib_parse.urlsplit('tel:+31-641044153')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+31-641044153')
+        p2 = urllib_parse.urlsplit('tel:+31641044153')
+        self.assertEqual(p2.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p2.path, '+31641044153')
+        # assert the behavior for urlparse
+        p1 = urllib_parse.urlparse('tel:+31-641044153')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+31-641044153')
+        p2 = urllib_parse.urlparse('tel:+31641044153')
+        self.assertEqual(p2.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p2.path, '+31641044153')
+
+    def test_telurl_params(self):
+        p1 = urllib_parse.urlparse('tel:123-4;phone-context=+1-650-516')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '123-4')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=+1-650-516')
+
+        p1 = urllib_parse.urlparse('tel:+1-201-555-0123')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+1-201-555-0123')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.params, '')
+
+        p1 = urllib_parse.urlparse('tel:7042;phone-context=example.com')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '7042')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=example.com')
+
+        p1 = urllib_parse.urlparse('tel:863-1234;phone-context=+1-914-555')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '863-1234')
+        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=+1-914-555')
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_utils.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46f5196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_future/test_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the various utility functions and classes in ``future.utils``
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+import re, sys, traceback
+from future.builtins import *
+from future.utils import (old_div, istext, isbytes, native, PY2, PY3,
+                         native_str, raise_, as_native_str, ensure_new_type,
+                         bytes_to_native_str, raise_from)
+from future.tests.base import expectedFailurePY3
+
+from numbers import Integral
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26
+
+
+TEST_UNICODE_STR = u'ℝεα∂@ßʟ℮ ☂ℯṧт υηḯ¢☺ḓ℮'
+
+
+class MyExceptionIssue235(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, a, b):
+        super(MyExceptionIssue235, self).__init__('{0}: {1}'.format(a, b))
+
+
+class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.s = TEST_UNICODE_STR
+        self.s2 = str(self.s)
+        self.b = b'ABCDEFG'
+        self.b2 = bytes(self.b)
+
+    def test_old_div(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether old_div(a, b) is always equal to Python 2's a / b.
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(old_div(1, 2), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(old_div(2, 2), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(old_div(2, 2), int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(old_div(3, 2), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(old_div(3, 2), int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(old_div(3., 2), 1.5)
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance(old_div(3., 2), int))
+
+        self.assertEqual(old_div(-1, 2.), -0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance(old_div(-1, 2.), int))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            old_div(0, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            old_div(1, 0)
+
+    def test_native_str(self):
+        """
+        Tests whether native_str is really equal to the platform str.
+        """
+        if PY2:
+            import __builtin__
+            builtin_str = __builtin__.str
+        else:
+            import builtins
+            builtin_str = builtins.str
+
+        inputs = [b'blah', u'blah', 'blah']
+        for s in inputs:
+            self.assertEqual(native_str(s), builtin_str(s))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(native_str(s), builtin_str))
+
+    def test_native(self):
+        a = int(10**20)     # long int
+        b = native(a)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        if PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(type(b), long)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(type(b), int)
+
+        c = bytes(b'ABC')
+        d = native(c)
+        self.assertEqual(c, d)
+        if PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(type(d), type(b'Py2 byte-string'))
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(type(d), bytes)
+
+        s = str(u'ABC')
+        t = native(s)
+        self.assertEqual(s, t)
+        if PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(type(t), unicode)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(type(t), str)
+
+        d1 = dict({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        d2 = native(d1)
+        self.assertEqual(d1, d2)
+        self.assertEqual(type(d2), type({}))
+
+    def test_istext(self):
+        self.assertTrue(istext(self.s))
+        self.assertTrue(istext(self.s2))
+        self.assertFalse(istext(self.b))
+        self.assertFalse(istext(self.b2))
+
+    def test_isbytes(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isbytes(self.b))
+        self.assertTrue(isbytes(self.b2))
+        self.assertFalse(isbytes(self.s))
+        self.assertFalse(isbytes(self.s2))
+
+    def test_raise_(self):
+        def valuerror():
+            try:
+                raise ValueError("Apples!")
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise_(e)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, valuerror)
+
+        def with_value():
+            raise_(IOError, "This is an error")
+
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, with_value)
+
+        try:
+            with_value()
+        except IOError as e:
+            self.assertEqual(str(e), "This is an error")
+
+        def with_traceback():
+            try:
+                raise ValueError("An error")
+            except Exception as e:
+                _, _, traceback = sys.exc_info()
+                raise_(IOError, str(e), traceback)
+
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, with_traceback)
+
+        try:
+            with_traceback()
+        except IOError as e:
+            self.assertEqual(str(e), "An error")
+
+        class Timeout(BaseException):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertRaises(Timeout, raise_, Timeout)
+        self.assertRaises(Timeout, raise_, Timeout())
+
+        if PY3:
+            self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+                TypeError, "class must derive from BaseException",
+                raise_, int)
+
+    def test_raise_from_None(self):
+        try:
+            try:
+                raise TypeError("foo")
+            except:
+                raise_from(ValueError(), None)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e.__context__, TypeError))
+            self.assertIsNone(e.__cause__)
+
+    def test_issue_235(self):
+        def foo():
+            raise MyExceptionIssue235(3, 7)
+
+        def bar():
+            try:
+                foo()
+            except Exception as err:
+                raise_from(ValueError('blue'), err)
+
+        try:
+            bar()
+        except ValueError as e:
+            pass
+        # incorrectly raises a TypeError on Py3 as of v0.15.2.
+
+    def test_raise_custom_exception(self):
+        """
+        Test issue #387.
+        """
+        class CustomException(Exception):
+            def __init__(self, severity, message):
+                super().__init__("custom message of severity %d: %s" % (
+                    severity, message))
+
+        def raise_custom_exception():
+            try:
+                raise CustomException(1, "hello")
+            except CustomException:
+                raise_(*sys.exc_info())
+
+        self.assertRaises(CustomException, raise_custom_exception)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_as_native_str(self):
+        """
+        Tests the decorator as_native_str()
+        """
+        class MyClass(object):
+            @as_native_str()
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return u'abc'
+
+        obj = MyClass()
+
+        self.assertEqual(repr(obj), 'abc')
+        if PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(repr(obj), b'abc')
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(repr(obj), u'abc')
+
+    def test_ensure_new_type(self):
+        s = u'abcd'
+        s2 = str(s)
+        self.assertEqual(ensure_new_type(s), s2)
+        self.assertEqual(type(ensure_new_type(s)), str)
+
+        b = b'xyz'
+        b2 = bytes(b)
+        self.assertEqual(ensure_new_type(b), b2)
+        self.assertEqual(type(ensure_new_type(b)), bytes)
+
+        i = 10000000000000
+        i2 = int(i)
+        self.assertEqual(ensure_new_type(i), i2)
+        self.assertEqual(type(ensure_new_type(i)), int)
+
+        l = []
+        self.assertIs(ensure_new_type(l), l)
+
+    def test_bytes_to_native_str(self):
+        """
+        Test for issue #47
+        """
+        b = bytes(b'abc')
+        s = bytes_to_native_str(b)
+        if PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(s, b)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(s, 'abc')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, native_str))
+        self.assertEqual(type(s), native_str)
+
+
+class TestCause(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Except for the first method, these were adapted from Py3.3's
+    Lib/test/test_raise.py.
+    """
+    def test_normal_use(self):
+        """
+        Adapted from PEP 3134 docs
+        """
+        # Setup:
+        class DatabaseError(Exception):
+            pass
+
+        # Python 2 and 3:
+        from future.utils import raise_from
+
+        class FileDatabase:
+            def __init__(self, filename):
+                try:
+                    self.file = open(filename)
+                except IOError as exc:
+                    raise_from(DatabaseError('failed to open'), exc)
+
+        # Testing the above:
+        try:
+            fd = FileDatabase('non_existent_file.txt')
+        except Exception as e:
+            assert isinstance(e.__cause__, IOError)   # FileNotFoundError on
+                                                      # Py3.3+ inherits from IOError
+
+    def testCauseSyntax(self):
+        try:
+            try:
+                try:
+                    raise TypeError
+                except Exception:
+                    raise_from(ValueError, None)
+            except ValueError as exc:
+                self.assertIsNone(exc.__cause__)
+                self.assertTrue(exc.__suppress_context__)
+                exc.__suppress_context__ = False
+                raise exc
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            e = exc
+
+        self.assertIsNone(e.__cause__)
+        self.assertFalse(e.__suppress_context__)
+        self.assertIsInstance(e.__context__, TypeError)
+
+    def test_invalid_cause(self):
+        try:
+            raise_from(IndexError, 5)
+        except TypeError as e:
+            self.assertIn("exception cause", str(e))
+        else:
+            self.fail("No exception raised")
+
+    def test_class_cause(self):
+        try:
+            raise_from(IndexError, KeyError)
+        except IndexError as e:
+            self.assertIsInstance(e.__cause__, KeyError)
+        else:
+            self.fail("No exception raised")
+
+    def test_instance_cause(self):
+        cause = KeyError('blah')
+        try:
+            raise_from(IndexError, cause)
+        except IndexError as e:
+            # FAILS:
+            self.assertTrue(e.__cause__ is cause)
+            # Even this weaker version seems to fail, although repr(cause) looks correct.
+            # Is there something strange about testing exceptions for equality?
+            self.assertEqual(e.__cause__, cause)
+        else:
+            self.fail("No exception raised")
+
+    def test_erroneous_cause(self):
+        class MyException(Exception):
+            def __init__(self):
+                raise RuntimeError()
+
+        try:
+            raise_from(IndexError, MyException)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("No exception raised")
+
+    def test_single_exception_stacktrace(self):
+        expected = '''Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "/opt/python-future/tests/test_future/test_utils.py", line 328, in test_single_exception_stacktrace
+    raise CustomException('ERROR')
+'''
+        if PY2:
+            expected += 'CustomException: ERROR\n'
+        else:
+            expected += 'test_future.test_utils.CustomException: ERROR\n'
+
+        try:
+            raise CustomException('ERROR')
+        except:
+            ret = re.sub(r'"[^"]*tests/test_future', '"/opt/python-future/tests/test_future', traceback.format_exc())
+            ret = re.sub(r', line \d+,', ', line 328,', ret)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, ret)
+        else:
+            self.fail('No exception raised')
+
+    if PY2:
+        def test_chained_exceptions_stacktrace(self):
+            expected = '''Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "/opt/python-future/tests/test_future/test_utils.py", line 1, in test_chained_exceptions_stacktrace
+    raise_from(CustomException('ERROR'), val_err)
+  File "/opt/python-future/src/future/utils/__init__.py", line 1, in raise_from
+    raise e
+CustomException: ERROR
+
+The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
+
+  File "/opt/python-future/tests/test_future/test_utils.py", line 1, in test_chained_exceptions_stacktrace
+    raise ValueError('Wooops')
+ValueError: Wooops
+'''
+
+            try:
+                try:
+                    raise ValueError('Wooops')
+                except ValueError as val_err:
+                    raise_from(CustomException('ERROR'), val_err)
+            except Exception as err:
+                ret = re.sub(r'"[^"]*tests/test_future', '"/opt/python-future/tests/test_future', traceback.format_exc())
+                ret = re.sub(r'"[^"]*future/utils/__init__.py', '"/opt/python-future/src/future/utils/__init__.py', ret)
+                ret = re.sub(r', line \d+,', ', line 1,', ret)
+                self.assertEqual(expected.splitlines(), ret.splitlines())
+            else:
+                self.fail('No exception raised')
+
+
+class CustomException(Exception):
+    if PY2:
+        def __str__(self):
+            try:
+                out = Exception.__str__(self)
+                if hasattr(self, '__cause__') and self.__cause__ and hasattr(self.__cause__, '__traceback__') and self.__cause__.__traceback__:
+                    out += '\n\nThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n\n'
+                    out += ''.join(traceback.format_tb(self.__cause__.__traceback__) + ['{0}: {1}'.format(self.__cause__.__class__.__name__, self.__cause__)])
+                return out
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(e)
+    else:
+        pass
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/__init__.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_basestring.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_basestring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d002095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_basestring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the Py2-like class:`basestring` type.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+import os
+
+from past import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+from past.builtins import basestring, str as oldstr
+
+
+class TestBaseString(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_isinstance(self):
+        s = b'abc'
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s, basestring))
+        s2 = oldstr(b'abc')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(s2, basestring))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_builtins.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_builtins.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16978e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_builtins.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1790 @@
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+# Python test set -- built-in functions
+from past.builtins import filter, map, range, zip
+from past.builtins import basestring, dict, str, long   #, unicode
+from past.builtins import apply, cmp, execfile, intern, raw_input
+from past.builtins import reduce, reload, unichr, unicode, xrange
+
+from future import standard_library
+from future.backports.test.support import TESTFN     #, run_unittest
+import tempfile
+import os
+TESTFN = tempfile.mkdtemp() + os.path.sep + TESTFN
+
+import platform
+import warnings
+import sys
+import io
+import random
+# import UserDict
+from os import unlink
+from operator import neg
+from future.tests.base import unittest, expectedFailurePY3, skip26
+
+# count the number of test runs.
+# used to skip running test_execfile() multiple times
+# and to create unique strings to intern in test_intern()
+numruns = 0
+
+def fcmp(x, y): # fuzzy comparison function
+    """
+    From Python 2.7 test.test_support
+    """
+    if isinstance(x, float) or isinstance(y, float):
+        try:
+            fuzz = (abs(x) + abs(y)) * FUZZ
+            if abs(x-y) <= fuzz:
+                return 0
+        except:
+            pass
+    elif type(x) == type(y) and isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
+        for i in range(min(len(x), len(y))):
+            outcome = fcmp(x[i], y[i])
+            if outcome != 0:
+                return outcome
+        return (len(x) > len(y)) - (len(x) < len(y))
+    return (x > y) - (x < y)
+
+
+class Squares:
+
+    def __init__(self, max):
+        self.max = max
+        self.sofar = []
+
+    def __len__(self): return len(self.sofar)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        if not 0 <= i < self.max: raise IndexError
+        n = len(self.sofar)
+        while n <= i:
+            self.sofar.append(n*n)
+            n += 1
+        return self.sofar[i]
+
+class StrSquares:
+
+    def __init__(self, max):
+        self.max = max
+        self.sofar = []
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.sofar)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, i):
+        if not 0 <= i < self.max:
+            raise IndexError
+        n = len(self.sofar)
+        while n <= i:
+            self.sofar.append(str(n*n))
+            n += 1
+        return self.sofar[i]
+
+class BitBucket:
+    def write(self, line):
+        pass
+
+
+class TestFailingBool:
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+class TestFailingIter:
+    def __iter__(self):
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_import(self):
+        __import__('sys')
+        __import__('time')
+        __import__('string')
+        __import__(name='sys')
+        __import__(name='time', level=0)
+        self.assertRaises(ImportError, __import__, 'spamspam')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, __import__, '')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, __import__, 'sys', name='sys')
+
+    def test_abs(self):
+        # int
+        self.assertEqual(abs(0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(1234), 1234)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(-1234), 1234)
+        self.assertTrue(abs(-sys.maxsize-1) > 0)
+        # float
+        self.assertEqual(abs(0.0), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(3.14), 3.14)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(-3.14), 3.14)
+        # long
+        self.assertEqual(abs(0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(1234), 1234)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(-1234), 1234)
+        # str
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, 'a')
+        # bool
+        self.assertEqual(abs(True), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(abs(False), 0)
+        # other
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, abs, None)
+        class AbsClass(object):
+            def __abs__(self):
+                return -5
+        self.assertEqual(abs(AbsClass()), -5)
+
+    def test_all(self):
+        self.assertEqual(all([2, 4, 6]), True)
+        self.assertEqual(all([2, None, 6]), False)
+        # self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, [2, TestFailingBool(), 6])
+        # self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, all, TestFailingIter())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, 10)               # Non-iterable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all)                   # No args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, all, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args
+        self.assertEqual(all([]), True)                     # Empty iterator
+        self.assertEqual(all([0, TestFailingBool()]), False)# Short-circuit
+        S = [50, 60]
+        self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), True)
+        S = [50, 40, 60]
+        self.assertEqual(all(x > 42 for x in S), False)
+
+    def test_any(self):
+        self.assertEqual(any([None, None, None]), False)
+        self.assertEqual(any([None, 4, None]), True)
+        # self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, [None, TestFailingBool(), 6])
+        # self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, any, TestFailingIter())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, 10)               # Non-iterable
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any)                   # No args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, any, [2, 4, 6], [])    # Too many args
+        self.assertEqual(any([]), False)                    # Empty iterator
+        self.assertEqual(any([1, TestFailingBool()]), True) # Short-circuit
+        S = [40, 60, 30]
+        self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), True)
+        S = [10, 20, 30]
+        self.assertEqual(any(x > 42 for x in S), False)
+
+    def test_neg(self):
+        x = -sys.maxsize-1
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(x, int))
+        self.assertEqual(-x, sys.maxsize+1)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_apply(self):
+        def f0(*args):
+            self.assertEqual(args, ())
+        def f1(a1):
+            self.assertEqual(a1, 1)
+        def f2(a1, a2):
+            self.assertEqual(a1, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(a2, 2)
+        def f3(a1, a2, a3):
+            self.assertEqual(a1, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(a2, 2)
+            self.assertEqual(a3, 3)
+        f0(*())
+        f1(*(1,))
+        f2(*(1, 2))
+        f3(*(1, 2, 3))
+
+        # A PyCFunction that takes only positional parameters should allow an
+        # empty keyword dictionary to pass without a complaint, but raise a
+        # TypeError if the dictionary is non-empty.
+        id(*(1,), **{})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, (1,), {"foo": 1})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, apply, id, (42,), 42)
+
+    def test_basestring(self):
+        assert isinstance('hello', basestring)
+        assert isinstance(b'hello', basestring)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_callable(self):
+        self.assertTrue(callable(len))
+        self.assertFalse(callable("a"))
+        self.assertTrue(callable(callable))
+        self.assertTrue(callable(lambda x, y: x + y))
+        self.assertFalse(callable(__builtins__))
+        def f(): pass
+        self.assertTrue(callable(f))
+
+        class Classic:
+            def meth(self): pass
+        self.assertTrue(callable(Classic))
+        c = Classic()
+        self.assertTrue(callable(c.meth))
+        self.assertFalse(callable(c))
+
+        class NewStyle(object):
+            def meth(self): pass
+        self.assertTrue(callable(NewStyle))
+        n = NewStyle()
+        self.assertTrue(callable(n.meth))
+        self.assertFalse(callable(n))
+
+        # Classic and new-style classes evaluate __call__() differently
+        c.__call__ = None
+        self.assertTrue(callable(c))
+        del c.__call__
+        self.assertFalse(callable(c))
+        n.__call__ = None
+        self.assertFalse(callable(n))
+        del n.__call__
+        self.assertFalse(callable(n))
+
+        class N2(object):
+            def __call__(self): pass
+        n2 = N2()
+        self.assertTrue(callable(n2))
+        class N3(N2): pass
+        n3 = N3()
+        self.assertTrue(callable(n3))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_chr(self):
+        self.assertEqual(chr(32), ' ')
+        self.assertEqual(chr(65), 'A')
+        self.assertEqual(chr(97), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(chr(0xff), '\xff')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, chr, 256)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, chr)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_cmp(self):
+        self.assertEqual(cmp(-1, 1), -1)
+        self.assertEqual(cmp(1, -1), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(cmp(1, 1), 0)
+        # verify that circular objects are not handled
+        a = []; a.append(a)
+        b = []; b.append(b)
+        from UserList import UserList
+        c = UserList(); c.append(c)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, a, b)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, b, c)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, c, a)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, cmp, a, c)
+       # okay, now break the cycles
+        a.pop(); b.pop(); c.pop()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cmp)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_coerce(self):
+        self.assertTrue(not fcmp(coerce(1, 1.1), (1.0, 1.1)))
+        self.assertEqual(coerce(1, 1), (1, 1))
+        self.assertTrue(not fcmp(coerce(1, 1.1), (1.0, 1.1)))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, coerce)
+        class BadNumber:
+            def __coerce__(self, other):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, coerce, 42, BadNumber())
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, coerce, 0.5, int("12345" * 1000))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_compile(self):
+        compile('print(1)\n', '', 'exec')
+        bom = '\xef\xbb\xbf'
+        compile(bom + 'print(1)\n', '', 'exec')
+        compile(source='pass', filename='?', mode='exec')
+        compile(dont_inherit=0, filename='tmp', source='0', mode='eval')
+        compile('pass', '?', dont_inherit=1, mode='exec')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print(42)\n', '<string>', 'badmode')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, 'print(42)\n', '<string>', 'single', 0xff)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, chr(0), 'f', 'exec')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, 'pass', '?', 'exec',
+                          mode='eval', source='0', filename='tmp')
+        if True:  # Was: if have_unicode:
+            compile(unicode('print(u"\xc3\xa5"\n)', 'utf8'), '', 'exec')
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, compile, unichr(0), 'f', 'exec')
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, compile, unicode('a = 1'), 'f', 'bad')
+
+
+    def test_delattr(self):
+        import sys
+        sys.spam = 1
+        delattr(sys, 'spam')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, delattr)
+
+    def test_dir(self):
+        # dir(wrong number of arguments)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, 42, 42)
+
+        # dir() - local scope
+        local_var = 1
+        self.assertIn('local_var', dir())
+
+        # dir(module)
+        import sys
+        self.assertIn('exit', dir(sys))
+
+        # dir(module_with_invalid__dict__)
+        import types
+        class Foo(types.ModuleType):
+            __dict__ = 8
+        f = Foo("foo")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)
+
+        # dir(type)
+        self.assertIn("strip", dir(str))
+        self.assertNotIn("__mro__", dir(str))
+
+        # dir(obj)
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.x = 7
+                self.y = 8
+                self.z = 9
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertIn("y", dir(f))
+
+        # dir(obj_no__dict__)
+        class Foo(object):
+            __slots__ = []
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertIn("__repr__", dir(f))
+
+        # dir(obj_no__class__with__dict__)
+        # (an ugly trick to cause getattr(f, "__class__") to fail)
+        class Foo(object):
+            __slots__ = ["__class__", "__dict__"]
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.bar = "wow"
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertNotIn("__repr__", dir(f))
+        self.assertIn("bar", dir(f))
+
+        # dir(obj_using __dir__)
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return ["kan", "ga", "roo"]
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertTrue(dir(f) == ["ga", "kan", "roo"])
+
+        # dir(obj__dir__not_list)
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __dir__(self):
+                return 7
+        f = Foo()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dir, f)
+
+    def test_divmod(self):
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7), (1, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7), (-2, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, -7), (-2, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, -7), (1, -5))
+
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7), (1, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7), (-2, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, -7), (-2, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, -7), (1, -5))
+
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, 7), (1, 5))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, 7), (-2, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(12, -7), (-2, -2))
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-12, -7), (1, -5))
+
+        self.assertEqual(divmod(-sys.maxsize-1, -1),
+                         (sys.maxsize+1, 0))
+
+        self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(3.25, 1.0), (3.0, 0.25)))
+        self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(-3.25, 1.0), (-4.0, 0.75)))
+        self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(3.25, -1.0), (-4.0, -0.75)))
+        self.assertTrue(not fcmp(divmod(-3.25, -1.0), (3.0, -0.25)))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, divmod)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_eval(self):
+        self.assertEqual(eval('1+1'), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(eval(' 1+1\n'), 2)
+        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals) , 1)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', globals, locals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('b', globals, locals), 200)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('c', globals, locals), 300)
+        if True:   # Was: if have_unicode:
+            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('1+1')), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode(' 1+1\n')), 2)
+        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}
+        if True:   # Was: if have_unicode:
+            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('a'), globals), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('a'), globals, locals), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('b'), globals, locals), 200)
+            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('c'), globals, locals), 300)
+            bom = '\xef\xbb\xbf'
+            self.assertEqual(eval(bom + 'a', globals, locals), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(eval(unicode('u"\xc3\xa5"', 'utf8'), globals),
+                             unicode('\xc3\xa5', 'utf8'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, ())
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_general_eval(self):
+        # Tests that general mappings can be used for the locals argument
+
+        class M:
+            "Test mapping interface versus possible calls from eval()."
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                if key == 'a':
+                    return 12
+                raise KeyError
+            def keys(self):
+                return list('xyz')
+
+        m = M()
+        g = globals()
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, m), 12)
+        self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, m)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, m), list('xyz'))
+        self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, m), g)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, m), m)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', m)
+        class A:
+            "Non-mapping"
+            pass
+        m = A()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'a', g, m)
+
+        # Verify that dict subclasses work as well
+        class D(dict):
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                if key == 'a':
+                    return 12
+                return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
+            def keys(self):
+                return list('xyz')
+
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(eval('a', g, d), 12)
+        self.assertRaises(NameError, eval, 'b', g, d)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('dir()', g, d), list('xyz'))
+        self.assertEqual(eval('globals()', g, d), g)
+        self.assertEqual(eval('locals()', g, d), d)
+
+        # Verify locals stores (used by list comps)
+        eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, d)
+        # eval('[locals() for i in (2,3)]', g, UserDict.UserDict())
+
+        class SpreadSheet:
+            "Sample application showing nested, calculated lookups."
+            _cells = {}
+            def __setitem__(self, key, formula):
+                self._cells[key] = formula
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                return eval(self._cells[key], globals(), self)
+
+        ss = SpreadSheet()
+        ss['a1'] = '5'
+        ss['a2'] = 'a1*6'
+        ss['a3'] = 'a2*7'
+        self.assertEqual(ss['a3'], 210)
+
+        # Verify that dir() catches a non-list returned by eval
+        # SF bug #1004669
+        class C:
+            def __getitem__(self, item):
+                raise KeyError(item)
+            def keys(self):
+                return 'a'
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, eval, 'dir()', globals(), C())
+
+    # Done outside of the method test_z to get the correct scope
+    z = 0
+    f = open(TESTFN, 'w')
+    f.write('z = z+1\n')
+    f.write('z = z*2\n')
+    f.close()
+    if True:
+        # with check_py3k_warnings(("execfile.. not supported in 3.x",
+        #                           DeprecationWarning)):
+        execfile(TESTFN)
+
+    def test_execfile(self):
+        global numruns
+        if numruns:
+            return
+        numruns += 1
+
+        globals = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+        locals = {'b': 200, 'c': 300}
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.__class__.z, 2)
+        globals['z'] = 0
+        execfile(TESTFN, globals)
+        self.assertEqual(globals['z'], 2)
+        locals['z'] = 0
+        execfile(TESTFN, globals, locals)
+        self.assertEqual(locals['z'], 2)
+
+        # This test only works if we pass in a Mapping type.
+        class M(dict):
+            "Test mapping interface versus possible calls from execfile()."
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.z = 10
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                if key == 'z':
+                    return self.z
+                raise KeyError
+            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+                if key == 'z':
+                    self.z = value
+                    return
+                raise KeyError
+
+        locals = M()
+        locals['z'] = 0
+        execfile(TESTFN, globals, locals)
+        self.assertEqual(locals['z'], 2)
+
+        unlink(TESTFN)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, execfile)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, execfile, TESTFN, {}, ())
+        import os
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, execfile, os.curdir)
+        self.assertRaises(IOError, execfile, "I_dont_exist")
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_filter(self):
+        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda c: 'a' <= c <= 'z', 'Hello World'), 'elloorld')
+        self.assertEqual(filter(None, [1, 'hello', [], [3], '', None, 9, 0]), [1, 'hello', [3], 9])
+        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x > 0, [1, -3, 9, 0, 2]), [1, 9, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(filter(None, Squares(10)), [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81])
+        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x%2, Squares(10)), [1, 9, 25, 49, 81])
+        def identity(item):
+            return 1
+        filter(identity, Squares(5))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter)
+        class BadSeq(object):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                if index<4:
+                    return 42
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x, BadSeq())
+        def badfunc():
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, badfunc, range(5))
+
+        # test bltinmodule.c::filtertuple()
+        self.assertEqual(filter(None, (1, 2)), (1, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>=3, (1, 2, 3, 4)), (3, 4))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, (1, 2))
+
+        # test bltinmodule.c::filterstring()
+        self.assertEqual(filter(None, "12"), "12")
+        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", "1234"), "34")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, "12")
+        class badstr(str):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x >="3", badstr("1234"))
+
+        class badstr2(str):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                return 42
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, lambda x: x >=42, badstr2("1234"))
+
+        class weirdstr(str):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                return weirdstr(2*str.__getitem__(self, index))
+        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="33", weirdstr("1234")), "3344")
+
+        class shiftstr(str):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                return chr(ord(str.__getitem__(self, index))+1)
+        self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", shiftstr("1234")), "345")
+
+        if True:   # Was: if have_unicode:
+            # test bltinmodule.c::filterunicode()
+            self.assertEqual(filter(None, unicode("12")), unicode("12"))
+            self.assertEqual(filter(lambda x: x>="3", unicode("1234")), unicode("34"))
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, 42, unicode("12"))
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, filter, lambda x: x >="3", badstr(unicode("1234")))
+
+            class badunicode(unicode):
+                def __getitem__(self, index):
+                    return 42
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, filter, lambda x: x >=42, badunicode("1234"))
+
+            class weirdunicode(unicode):
+                def __getitem__(self, index):
+                    return weirdunicode(2*unicode.__getitem__(self, index))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                filter(lambda x: x>=unicode("33"), weirdunicode("1234")), unicode("3344"))
+
+            class shiftunicode(unicode):
+                def __getitem__(self, index):
+                    return unichr(ord(unicode.__getitem__(self, index))+1)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                filter(lambda x: x>=unicode("3"), shiftunicode("1234")),
+                unicode("345")
+            )
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_filter_subclasses(self):
+        # test that filter() never returns tuple, str or unicode subclasses
+        # and that the result always goes through __getitem__
+        funcs = (None, bool, lambda x: True)
+        class tuple2(tuple):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                return 2*tuple.__getitem__(self, index)
+        class str2(str):
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                return 2*str.__getitem__(self, index)
+        inputs = {
+            tuple2: {(): (), (1, 2, 3): (2, 4, 6)},
+            str2:   {"": "", "123": "112233"}
+        }
+        if True:    # Was: if have_unicode:
+            class unicode2(unicode):
+                def __getitem__(self, index):
+                    return 2*unicode.__getitem__(self, index)
+            inputs[unicode2] = {
+                unicode(): unicode(),
+                unicode("123"): unicode("112233")
+            }
+
+        for (cls, inps) in inputs.items():
+            for (inp, exp) in inps.items():
+                # make sure the output goes through __getitem__
+                # even if func is None
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    filter(funcs[0], cls(inp)),
+                    filter(funcs[1], cls(inp))
+                )
+                for func in funcs:
+                    outp = filter(func, cls(inp))
+                    self.assertEqual(outp, exp)
+                    self.assertTrue(not isinstance(outp, cls))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_getattr(self):
+        import sys
+        self.assertTrue(getattr(sys, 'stdout') is sys.stdout)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr, sys, 1, "foo")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, getattr)
+        if True:    # Was: have_unicode:
+            self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, getattr, sys, unichr(sys.maxunicode))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_hasattr(self):
+        import sys
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(sys, 'stdout'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr, sys, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hasattr)
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, hasattr, sys, unichr(sys.maxunicode))
+
+        # Check that hasattr allows SystemExit and KeyboardInterrupts by
+        class A:
+            def __getattr__(self, what):
+                raise KeyboardInterrupt
+        self.assertRaises(KeyboardInterrupt, hasattr, A(), "b")
+        class B:
+            def __getattr__(self, what):
+                raise SystemExit
+        self.assertRaises(SystemExit, hasattr, B(), "b")
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        hash(None)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(1), hash(1.0))
+        hash('spam')
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            self.assertEqual(hash('spam'), hash(unicode('spam')))
+        hash((0,1,2,3))
+        def f(): pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, [])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, {})
+        # Bug 1536021: Allow hash to return long objects
+        class X:
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return 2**100
+        self.assertEqual(type(hash(X())), int)
+        class Y(object):
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return 2**100
+        self.assertEqual(type(hash(Y())), int)
+        class Z(long):
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return self
+        self.assertEqual(hash(Z(42)), hash(42))
+
+    def test_hex(self):
+        self.assertEqual(hex(16), '0x10')
+        # self.assertEqual(hex(16L), '0x10L')
+        self.assertEqual(hex(-16), '-0x10')
+        # self.assertEqual(hex(-16L), '-0x10L')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hex, {})
+
+    def test_id(self):
+        id(None)
+        id(1)
+        id(1)
+        id(1.0)
+        id('spam')
+        id((0,1,2,3))
+        id([0,1,2,3])
+        id({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'ham': 3})
+
+    # Test input() later, together with raw_input
+
+    # test_int(): see test_int.py for int() tests.
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_intern(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, intern)
+        # This fails if the test is run twice with a constant string,
+        # therefore append the run counter
+        s = "never interned before " + str(numruns)
+        self.assertTrue(intern(s) is s)
+        s2 = s.swapcase().swapcase()
+        self.assertTrue(intern(s2) is s)
+
+        # Subclasses of string can't be interned, because they
+        # provide too much opportunity for insane things to happen.
+        # We don't want them in the interned dict and if they aren't
+        # actually interned, we don't want to create the appearance
+        # that they are by allowing intern() to succeed.
+        class S(str):
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return 123
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, intern, S("abc"))
+
+        # It's still safe to pass these strings to routines that
+        # call intern internally, e.g. PyObject_SetAttr().
+        s = S("abc")
+        setattr(s, s, s)
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(s, s), s)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_iter(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, iter, 42, 42)
+        lists = [("1", "2"), ["1", "2"], "12"]
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            lists.append(unicode("12"))
+        for l in lists:
+            i = iter(l)
+            self.assertEqual(i.next(), '1')
+            self.assertEqual(i.next(), '2')
+            self.assertRaises(StopIteration, i.next)
+
+    def test_isinstance(self):
+        class C:
+            pass
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        class E:
+            pass
+        c = C()
+        d = D()
+        e = E()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(c, C))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d, C))
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance(e, C))
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance(c, D))
+        self.assertTrue(not isinstance('foo', E))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance, E, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, isinstance)
+
+    def test_issubclass(self):
+        class C:
+            pass
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        class E:
+            pass
+        c = C()
+        d = D()
+        e = E()
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(D, C))
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, C))
+        self.assertTrue(not issubclass(C, D))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, 'foo', E)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, E, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_len(self):
+        self.assertEqual(len('123'), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(len(()), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len((1, 2, 3, 4)), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(len([1, 2, 3, 4]), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(len({}), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(len({'a':1, 'b': 2}), 2)
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __len__(self):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, len, BadSeq())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, 2)
+        class ClassicStyle: pass
+        class NewStyle(object): pass
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, len, ClassicStyle())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, len, NewStyle())
+
+    def test_map(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(None, 'hello world'),
+            ['h','e','l','l','o',' ','w','o','r','l','d']
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(None, 'abcd', 'efg'),
+            [('a', 'e'), ('b', 'f'), ('c', 'g'), ('d', None)]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(None, range(10)),
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(lambda x: x*x, range(1,4)),
+            [1, 4, 9]
+        )
+        try:
+            from math import sqrt
+        except ImportError:
+            def sqrt(x):
+                return pow(x, 0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(lambda x: map(sqrt,x), [[16, 4], [81, 9]]),
+            [[4.0, 2.0], [9.0, 3.0]]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(lambda x, y: x+y, [1,3,2], [9,1,4]),
+            [10, 4, 6]
+        )
+
+        def plus(*v):
+            accu = 0
+            for i in v: accu = accu + i
+            return accu
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(plus, [1, 3, 7]),
+            [1, 3, 7]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2]),
+            [1+4, 3+9, 7+2]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(plus, [1, 3, 7], [4, 9, 2], [1, 1, 0]),
+            [1+4+1, 3+9+1, 7+2+0]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(None, Squares(10)),
+            [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(int, Squares(10)),
+            [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            map(None, Squares(3), Squares(2)),
+            [(0,0), (1,1), (4,None)]
+        )
+        # This fails on Py3:
+        # self.assertEqual(
+        #     map(max, Squares(3), Squares(2)),
+        #     [0, 1, 4]
+        # )
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, map)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, map, lambda x: x, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(map(None, [42]), [42])
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, map, lambda x: x, BadSeq())
+        def badfunc(x):
+            raise RuntimeError
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, map, badfunc, range(5))
+
+    def test_max(self):
+        self.assertEqual(max('123123'), '3')
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(max((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(max([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 3)
+
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, 3.0), 3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2.0, 3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(max(1.0, 2, 3), 3)
+
+        for stmt in (
+            "max(key=int)",                 # no args
+            "max(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable
+            "max(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword
+            "max(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords
+            "max(1, 2, key=1)",             # keyfunc is not callable
+            ):
+            try:
+                exec(stmt) in globals()
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail(stmt)
+
+        self.assertEqual(max((1,), key=neg), 1)     # one elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(max((1,2), key=neg), 1)    # two elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(max(1, 2, key=neg), 1)     # two elems
+
+        data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
+        keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
+        f = keys.__getitem__
+        self.assertEqual(max(data, key=f),
+                         sorted(reversed(data), key=f)[-1])
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_min(self):
+        self.assertEqual(min('123123'), '1')
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min((1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]), 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, 3.0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2.0, 3), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(min(1.0, 2, 3), 1.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, min)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, min, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, ())
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, BadSeq())
+        class BadNumber:
+            def __cmp__(self, other):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, min, (42, BadNumber()))
+
+        for stmt in (
+            "min(key=int)",                 # no args
+            "min(1, key=int)",              # single arg not iterable
+            "min(1, 2, keystone=int)",      # wrong keyword
+            "min(1, 2, key=int, abc=int)",  # two many keywords
+            "min(1, 2, key=1)",             # keyfunc is not callable
+            ):
+            try:
+                exec(stmt) in globals()
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail(stmt)
+
+        self.assertEqual(min((1,), key=neg), 1)     # one elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(min((1,2), key=neg), 2)    # two elem iterable
+        self.assertEqual(min(1, 2, key=neg), 2)     # two elems
+
+        data = [random.randrange(200) for i in range(100)]
+        keys = dict((elem, random.randrange(50)) for elem in data)
+        f = keys.__getitem__
+        self.assertEqual(min(data, key=f),
+                         sorted(data, key=f)[0])
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_next(self):
+        it = iter(range(2))
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
+
+        class Iter(object):
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+            def next(self):
+                raise StopIteration
+
+        it = iter(Iter())
+        self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+
+        def gen():
+            yield 1
+            return
+
+        it = gen()
+        self.assertEqual(next(it), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, it)
+        self.assertEqual(next(it, 42), 42)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_oct(self):
+        self.assertEqual(oct(100), '0144')
+        # self.assertEqual(oct(100L), '0144L')
+        self.assertEqual(oct(-100), '-0144')
+        # self.assertEqual(oct(-100L), '-0144L')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, oct, ())
+
+    def write_testfile(self):
+        # NB the first 4 lines are also used to test input and raw_input, below
+        fp = open(TESTFN, 'w')
+        try:
+            fp.write('1+1\n')
+            fp.write('1+1\n')
+            fp.write('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog')
+            fp.write('.\n')
+            fp.write('Dear John\n')
+            fp.write('XXX'*100)
+            fp.write('YYY'*100)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+
+    def test_open(self):
+        self.write_testfile()
+        fp = open(TESTFN, 'r')
+        try:
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), '1+1\n')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(4), 'Dear')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.readline(100), ' John\n')
+            self.assertEqual(fp.read(300), 'XXX'*100)
+            self.assertEqual(fp.read(1000), 'YYY'*100)
+        finally:
+            fp.close()
+        unlink(TESTFN)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_ord(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ord(' '), 32)
+        self.assertEqual(ord('A'), 65)
+        self.assertEqual(ord('a'), 97)
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            self.assertEqual(ord(unichr(sys.maxunicode)), sys.maxunicode)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, 42)
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, ord, unicode("12"))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_pow(self):
+        self.assertEqual(pow(0,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(0,1), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(1,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(1,1), 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,10), 1024)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,20), 1024*1024)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,30), 1024*1024*1024)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,1), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,2), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,3), -8)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pow(0,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(0,1), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(1,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(1,1), 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,10), 1024)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,20), 1024*1024)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(2,30), 1024*1024*1024)
+
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,0), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,1), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,2), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(pow(-2,3), -8)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(0.,1), 0.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(1.,1), 1.)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,10), 1024.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,20), 1024.*1024.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(2.,30), 1024.*1024.*1024.)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,0), 1.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,1), -2.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,2), 4.)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(-2.,3), -8.)
+
+        for x in 2, 2, 2.0:
+            for y in 10, 10, 10.0:
+                for z in 1000, 1000, 1000.0:
+                    if isinstance(x, float) or \
+                       isinstance(y, float) or \
+                       isinstance(z, float):
+                        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, x, y, z)
+                    else:
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(pow(x, y, z), 24.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, -1, -2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1, 2, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow, -1, -2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, 1, 2, 0)
+        # Will return complex in 3.0:
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pow, -342.43, 0.234)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pow)
+
+    @skip26
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_range(self):
+        self.assertEqual(range(3), [0, 1, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(range(1, 5), [1, 2, 3, 4])
+        self.assertEqual(range(0), [])
+        self.assertEqual(range(-3), [])
+        self.assertEqual(range(1, 10, 3), [1, 4, 7])
+        self.assertEqual(range(5, -5, -3), [5, 2, -1, -4])
+
+        # Now test range() with longs
+        self.assertEqual(range(-2**100), [])
+        self.assertEqual(range(0, -2**100), [])
+        self.assertEqual(range(0, 2**100, -1), [])
+        self.assertEqual(range(0, 2**100, -1), [])
+
+        a = long(10 * sys.maxsize)
+        b = long(100 * sys.maxsize)
+        c = long(50 * sys.maxsize)
+
+        self.assertEqual(range(a, a+2), [a, a+1])
+        self.assertEqual(range(a+2, a, -1), [a+2, a+1])
+        self.assertEqual(range(a+4, a, -2), [a+4, a+2])
+
+        seq = range(a, b, c)
+        self.assertIn(a, seq)
+        self.assertNotIn(b, seq)
+        self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2)
+
+        seq = range(b, a, -c)
+        self.assertIn(b, seq)
+        self.assertNotIn(a, seq)
+        self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2)
+
+        seq = range(-a, -b, -c)
+        self.assertIn(-a, seq)
+        self.assertNotIn(-b, seq)
+        self.assertEqual(len(seq), 2)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, range, 1, 2, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, range, a, a + 1, long(0))
+
+        class badzero(int):
+            def __cmp__(self, other):
+                raise RuntimeError
+            __hash__ = None # Invalid cmp makes this unhashable
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, range, a, a + 1, badzero(1))
+
+        # Reject floats.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1., 1., 1.)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 1e100, 1e101, 1e101)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, "spam")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 42, "spam")
+
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, range, -sys.maxsize, sys.maxsize)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, range, 0, 2*sys.maxsize)
+
+        bignum = 2*sys.maxsize
+        smallnum = 42
+        # Old-style user-defined class with __int__ method
+        class I0:
+            def __init__(self, n):
+                self.n = int(n)
+            def __int__(self):
+                return self.n
+        self.assertEqual(range(I0(bignum), I0(bignum + 1)), [bignum])
+        self.assertEqual(range(I0(smallnum), I0(smallnum + 1)), [smallnum])
+
+        # New-style user-defined class with __int__ method
+        class I1(object):
+            def __init__(self, n):
+                self.n = int(n)
+            def __int__(self):
+                return self.n
+        self.assertEqual(range(I1(bignum), I1(bignum + 1)), [bignum])
+        self.assertEqual(range(I1(smallnum), I1(smallnum + 1)), [smallnum])
+
+        # New-style user-defined class with failing __int__ method
+        class IX(object):
+            def __int__(self):
+                raise RuntimeError
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, range, IX())
+
+        # New-style user-defined class with invalid __int__ method
+        class IN(object):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return "not a number"
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, IN())
+
+        # Exercise various combinations of bad arguments, to check
+        # refcounting logic
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0, 1.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0.0, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0, 0.0, 1.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0, 1.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0.0, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, range, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_input_and_raw_input(self):
+        self.write_testfile()
+        fp = open(TESTFN, 'r')
+        savestdin = sys.stdin
+        savestdout = sys.stdout # Eats the echo
+        try:
+            sys.stdin = fp
+            sys.stdout = BitBucket()
+            self.assertEqual(input(), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(input('testing\n'), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(raw_input(), 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.')
+            self.assertEqual(raw_input('testing\n'), 'Dear John')
+
+            # SF 1535165: don't segfault on closed stdin
+            # sys.stdout must be a regular file for triggering
+            sys.stdout = savestdout
+            sys.stdin.close()
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, input)
+
+            sys.stdout = BitBucket()
+            sys.stdin = io.BytesIO(b"NULL\0")
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, input, 42, 42)
+            sys.stdin = io.BytesIO(b"    'whitespace'")
+            self.assertEqual(input(), 'whitespace')
+            sys.stdin = io.BytesIO()
+            self.assertRaises(EOFError, input)
+
+            # SF 876178: make sure input() respect future options.
+            sys.stdin = io.BytesIO(b'1/2')
+            sys.stdout = io.BytesIO()
+            exec(compile('print(input())', 'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec'))
+            sys.stdin.seek(0, 0)
+            exec(compile('from __future__ import division;print(input())',
+                         'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec'))
+            sys.stdin.seek(0, 0)
+            exec(compile('print(input())', 'test_builtin_tmp', 'exec'))
+            # The result we expect depends on whether new division semantics
+            # are already in effect.
+            if 1/2 == 0:
+                # This test was compiled with old semantics.
+                expected = ['0', '0.5', '0']
+            else:
+                # This test was compiled with new semantics (e.g., -Qnew
+                # was given on the command line.
+                expected = ['0.5', '0.5', '0.5']
+            self.assertEqual(sys.stdout.getvalue().splitlines(), expected)
+
+            del sys.stdout
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')
+            del sys.stdin
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, input, 'prompt')
+        finally:
+            sys.stdin = savestdin
+            sys.stdout = savestdout
+            fp.close()
+            unlink(TESTFN)
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        add = lambda x, y: x+y
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(add, ['a', 'b', 'c'], ''), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            reduce(add, [['a', 'c'], [], ['d', 'w']], []),
+            ['a','c','d','w']
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,8), 1), 5040)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, range(2,21), 1),
+            2432902008176640000
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(add, Squares(10)), 285)
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(add, Squares(10), 0), 285)
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(add, Squares(0), 0), 0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, 42, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, None, range(5))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(42, "", "1"), "1") # func is never called with one item
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, 42, (42, 42))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, []) # arg 2 must not be empty sequence with no initial value
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, "")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, reduce, add, ())
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(add, [], None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(reduce(add, [], 42), 42)
+
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, reduce, 42, BadSeq())
+
+    def test_reload(self):
+        import marshal
+        reload(marshal)
+        import string
+        reload(string)
+        ## import sys
+        ## self.assertRaises(ImportError, reload, sys)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        self.assertEqual(repr(''), '\'\'')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(0), '0')
+        # self.assertEqual(repr(0L), '0L')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(()), '()')
+        self.assertEqual(repr([]), '[]')
+        self.assertEqual(repr({}), '{}')
+        a = []
+        a.append(a)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), '[[...]]')
+        a = {}
+        a[0] = a
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), '{0: {...}}')
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_round(self):
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.0), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(0.0)), float)  # Will be int in 3.0.
+        self.assertEqual(round(1.0), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.0), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.0), 1000000000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1e20), 1e20)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1.0), -1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-10.0), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.0), -1000000000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1e20), -1e20)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.1), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1.1), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(10.1), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(1000000000.1), 1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1.1), -1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-10.1), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-1000000000.1), -1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(0.9), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(9.9), 10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(999999999.9), 1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-0.9), -1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-9.9), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-999999999.9), -1000000000.0)
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(-8.0, -1), -10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, -1)), float)
+
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 0)), float)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8.0, 1)), float)
+
+        # Check half rounding behaviour.
+        self.assertEqual(round(5.5), 6)
+        self.assertEqual(round(6.5), 7)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-5.5), -6)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-6.5), -7)
+
+        # Check behavior on ints
+        self.assertEqual(round(0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(round(8), 8)
+        self.assertEqual(round(-8), -8)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(0)), float)  # Will be int in 3.0.
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, -1)), float)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 0)), float)
+        self.assertEqual(type(round(-8, 1)), float)
+
+        # test new kwargs
+        self.assertEqual(round(number=-8.0, ndigits=-1), -10.0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round)
+
+        # test generic rounding delegation for reals
+        class TestRound(object):
+            def __float__(self):
+                return 23.0
+
+        class TestNoRound(object):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(round(TestRound()), 23)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, 1, 2, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, TestNoRound())
+
+        t = TestNoRound()
+        t.__float__ = lambda *args: args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, round, t, 0)
+
+    # Some versions of glibc for alpha have a bug that affects
+    # float -> integer rounding (floor, ceil, rint, round) for
+    # values in the range [2**52, 2**53).  See:
+    #
+    #   http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5350
+    #
+    # We skip this test on Linux/alpha if it would fail.
+    linux_alpha = (platform.system().startswith('Linux') and
+                   platform.machine().startswith('alpha'))
+    system_round_bug = round(5e15+1) != 5e15+1
+    @unittest.skipIf(linux_alpha and system_round_bug,
+                     "test will fail;  failure is probably due to a "
+                     "buggy system round function")
+    def test_round_large(self):
+        # Issue #1869: integral floats should remain unchanged
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15-1), 5e15-1)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15), 5e15)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15+1), 5e15+1)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15+2), 5e15+2)
+        self.assertEqual(round(5e15+3), 5e15+3)
+
+    def test_setattr(self):
+        setattr(sys, 'spam', 1)
+        self.assertEqual(sys.spam, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, sys, 1, 'spam')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr)
+
+    def test_sum(self):
+        self.assertEqual(sum([]), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(range(2,8)), 27)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(iter(range(2,8))), 27)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(Squares(10)), 285)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(iter(Squares(10))), 285)
+        self.assertEqual(sum([[1], [2], [3]], []), [1, 2, 3])
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, ['a', 'b', 'c'], '')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [[1], [2], [3]])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sum, [{2:3}]*2, {2:3})
+
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, index):
+                raise ValueError
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, sum, BadSeq())
+
+        empty = []
+        sum(([x] for x in range(10)), empty)
+        self.assertEqual(empty, [])
+
+    def test_type(self):
+        self.assertEqual(type(''),  type('123'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(''), type(()))
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_unichr(self):
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            self.assertEqual(unichr(32), unicode(' '))
+            self.assertEqual(unichr(65), unicode('A'))
+            self.assertEqual(unichr(97), unicode('a'))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                unichr(sys.maxunicode),
+                unicode('\\U%08x' % (sys.maxunicode), 'unicode-escape')
+            )
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, unichr, sys.maxunicode+1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, unichr)
+            self.assertRaises((OverflowError, ValueError), unichr, 2**32)
+
+    # We don't want self in vars(), so these are static methods
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_vars_f0():
+        return vars()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_vars_f2():
+        BuiltinTest.get_vars_f0()
+        a = 1
+        b = 2
+        return vars()
+
+    class C_get_vars(object):
+        def getDict(self):
+            return {'a':2}
+        __dict__ = property(fget=getDict)
+
+    def test_vars(self):
+        self.assertEqual(set(vars()), set(dir()))
+        import sys
+        self.assertEqual(set(vars(sys)), set(dir(sys)))
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f0(), {})
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_vars_f2(), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, vars, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(vars(self.C_get_vars()), {'a':2})
+
+    def test_zip(self):
+        a = (1, 2, 3)
+        b = (4, 5, 6)
+        t = [(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
+        self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t)
+        b = [4, 5, 6]
+        self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t)
+        b = (4, 5, 6, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(zip(a, b), t)
+        class I:
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if i < 0 or i > 2: raise IndexError
+                return i + 4
+        self.assertEqual(zip(a, I()), t)
+        self.assertEqual(zip(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(zip(*[]), [])
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, None)
+        class G:
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, zip, a, G())
+
+        # Make sure zip doesn't try to allocate a billion elements for the
+        # result list when one of its arguments doesn't say how long it is.
+        # A MemoryError is the most likely failure mode.
+        class SequenceWithoutALength:
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if i == 5:
+                    raise IndexError
+                else:
+                    return i
+        self.assertEqual(
+            zip(SequenceWithoutALength(), xrange(2**30)),
+            list(enumerate(range(5)))
+        )
+
+        class BadSeq:
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if i == 5:
+                    raise ValueError
+                else:
+                    return i
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, zip, BadSeq(), BadSeq())
+
+    @skip26
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_format(self):
+        # Test the basic machinery of the format() builtin.  Don't test
+        #  the specifics of the various formatters
+        self.assertEqual(format(3, ''), '3')
+
+        # Returns some classes to use for various tests.  There's
+        #  an old-style version, and a new-style version
+        def classes_new():
+            class A(object):
+                def __init__(self, x):
+                    self.x = x
+                def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                    return str(self.x) + format_spec
+            class DerivedFromA(A):
+                pass
+
+            class Simple(object): pass
+            class DerivedFromSimple(Simple):
+                def __init__(self, x):
+                    self.x = x
+                def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                    return str(self.x) + format_spec
+            class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass
+            return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2
+
+        # In 3.0, classes_classic has the same meaning as classes_new
+        def classes_classic():
+            class A:
+                def __init__(self, x):
+                    self.x = x
+                def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                    return str(self.x) + format_spec
+            class DerivedFromA(A):
+                pass
+
+            class Simple: pass
+            class DerivedFromSimple(Simple):
+                def __init__(self, x):
+                    self.x = x
+                def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                    return str(self.x) + format_spec
+            class DerivedFromSimple2(DerivedFromSimple): pass
+            return A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2
+
+        def class_test(A, DerivedFromA, DerivedFromSimple, DerivedFromSimple2):
+            self.assertEqual(format(A(3), 'spec'), '3spec')
+            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromA(4), 'spec'), '4spec')
+            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple(5), 'abc'), '5abc')
+            self.assertEqual(format(DerivedFromSimple2(10), 'abcdef'),
+                             '10abcdef')
+
+        class_test(*classes_new())
+        class_test(*classes_classic())
+
+        def empty_format_spec(value):
+            # test that:
+            #  format(x, '') == str(x)
+            #  format(x) == str(x)
+            self.assertEqual(format(value, ""), str(value))
+            self.assertEqual(format(value), str(value))
+
+        # for builtin types, format(x, "") == str(x)
+        empty_format_spec(17**13)
+        empty_format_spec(1.0)
+        empty_format_spec(3.1415e104)
+        empty_format_spec(-3.1415e104)
+        empty_format_spec(3.1415e-104)
+        empty_format_spec(-3.1415e-104)
+        empty_format_spec(object)
+        empty_format_spec(None)
+
+        # TypeError because self.__format__ returns the wrong type
+        class BadFormatResult:
+            def __format__(self, format_spec):
+                return 1.0
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, BadFormatResult(), "")
+
+        # TypeError because format_spec is not unicode or str
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), 4)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, object(), object())
+
+        # tests for object.__format__ really belong elsewhere, but
+        #  there's no good place to put them
+        x = object().__format__('')
+        self.assertTrue(x.startswith('<object object at'))
+
+        # first argument to object.__format__ must be string
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, 3)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, object())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, object().__format__, None)
+
+        # --------------------------------------------------------------------
+        # Issue #7994: object.__format__ with a non-empty format string is
+        #  pending deprecated
+        def test_deprecated_format_string(obj, fmt_str, should_raise_warning):
+            if sys.version_info[0] == 3 and sys.version_info[1] >= 4:
+                if should_raise_warning:
+                    self.assertRaises(TypeError, format, obj, fmt_str)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        format(obj, fmt_str)
+                    except TypeError:
+                        self.fail('object.__format__ raised TypeError unexpectedly')
+            else:
+                with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+                    warnings.simplefilter("always", PendingDeprecationWarning)
+                    format(obj, fmt_str)
+                if should_raise_warning:
+                    self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
+                    self.assertIsInstance(w[0].message, PendingDeprecationWarning)
+                    self.assertIn('object.__format__ with a non-empty format '
+                                  'string', str(w[0].message))
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(len(w), 0)
+
+        fmt_strs = ['', 's', u'', u's']
+
+        class A:
+            def __format__(self, fmt_str):
+                return format('', fmt_str)
+
+        for fmt_str in fmt_strs:
+            test_deprecated_format_string(A(), fmt_str, False)
+
+        class B:
+            pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+
+        for cls in [object, B, C]:
+            for fmt_str in fmt_strs:
+                test_deprecated_format_string(cls(), fmt_str, len(fmt_str) != 0)
+        # --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        # make sure we can take a subclass of str as a format spec
+        class DerivedFromStr(str): pass
+        self.assertEqual(format(0, DerivedFromStr('10')), '         0')
+
+    def test_bin(self):
+        self.assertEqual(bin(0), '0b0')
+        self.assertEqual(bin(1), '0b1')
+        self.assertEqual(bin(-1), '-0b1')
+        self.assertEqual(bin(2**65), '0b1' + '0' * 65)
+        self.assertEqual(bin(2**65-1), '0b' + '1' * 65)
+        self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65)), '-0b1' + '0' * 65)
+        self.assertEqual(bin(-(2**65-1)), '-0b' + '1' * 65)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_bytearray_translate(self):
+        x = bytearray(b"abc")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, x.translate, "1", 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, x.translate, "1"*256, 1)
+
+class TestSorted(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_basic(self):
+        data = range(100)
+        copy = data[:]
+        random.shuffle(copy)
+        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy))
+        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
+
+        data.reverse()
+        random.shuffle(copy)
+        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(y,x)))
+        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
+        random.shuffle(copy)
+        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, key=lambda x: -x))
+        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
+        random.shuffle(copy)
+        self.assertEqual(data, sorted(copy, reverse=1))
+        self.assertNotEqual(data, copy)
+
+    def test_inputtypes(self):
+        s = 'abracadabra'
+        types = [list, tuple]
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            types.insert(0, unicode)
+        for T in types:
+            self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))
+
+        s = ''.join(dict.fromkeys(s).keys())  # unique letters only
+        types = [set, frozenset, list, tuple, dict.fromkeys]
+        if True:      # Was: if have_unicode:
+            types.insert(0, unicode)
+        for T in types:
+            self.assertEqual(sorted(s), sorted(T(s)))
+
+    def test_baddecorator(self):
+        data = 'The quick Brown fox Jumped over The lazy Dog'.split()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, sorted, data, None, lambda x,y: 0)
+
+# def _run_unittest(*args):
+#     # with check_py3k_warnings(
+#     #         (".+ not supported in 3.x", DeprecationWarning),
+#     #         (".+ is renamed to imp.reload", DeprecationWarning),
+#     #         ("classic int division", DeprecationWarning)):
+#     if True:
+#         run_unittest(*args)
+#
+# def test_main(verbose=None):
+#     test_classes = (BuiltinTest, TestSorted)
+#
+#     _run_unittest(*test_classes)
+#
+#     # verify reference counting
+#     if verbose and hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):
+#         import gc
+#         counts = [None] * 5
+#         for i in xrange(len(counts)):
+#             _run_unittest(*test_classes)
+#             gc.collect()
+#             counts[i] = sys.gettotalrefcount()
+#         print(counts)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # test_main(verbose=True)
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_noniterators.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_noniterators.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..518109c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_noniterators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the Py2-like list-producing functions
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+import os
+
+from past import utils
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+from past.builtins import filter, map, range, zip
+
+
+class TestNonIterators(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_noniterators_produce_lists(self):
+        l = range(10)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l, list))
+
+        l2 = zip(l, list('ABCDE')*2)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l2, list))
+
+        double = lambda x: x*2
+        l3 = map(double, l)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l3, list))
+
+        is_odd = lambda x: x % 2 == 1
+        l4 = filter(is_odd, range(10))
+        self.assertEqual(l4, [1, 3, 5, 7, 9])
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(l4, list))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_olddict.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_olddict.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f21060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_olddict.py
@@ -0,0 +1,791 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the resurrected Py2-like class:`dict` type.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+import os
+import sys
+
+from future.utils import implements_iterator, PY3
+from future.tests.base import unittest, skip26
+from past.builtins import dict
+
+
+class TestOldDict(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.d1 = dict({'C': 1, 'B': 2, 'A': 3})
+        self.d2 = dict(key1='value1', key2='value2')
+
+    def test_dict_empty(self):
+        """
+        dict() -> {}
+        """
+        self.assertEqual(dict(), {})
+
+    def test_dict_eq(self):
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(dict(d), d)
+
+    def test_dict_keys(self):
+        """
+        The keys, values and items methods should now return lists on
+        Python 3.x.
+        """
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d)), set(d))
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d).keys()), set(d.keys()))
+        keys = dict(d).keys()
+        assert isinstance(keys, list)
+        key0 = keys[0]
+
+    def test_dict_values(self):
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d).values()), set(d.values()))
+        values = dict(d).values()
+        assert isinstance(values, list)
+        val0 = values[0]
+
+    def test_dict_items(self):
+        d = self.d1
+        self.assertEqual(set(dict(d).items()), set(d.items()))
+        items = dict(d).items()
+        assert isinstance(items, list)
+        item0 = items[0]
+
+    def test_isinstance_dict(self):
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(self.d1, dict))
+
+    def test_dict_getitem(self):
+        d = dict({'C': 1, 'B': 2, 'A': 3})
+        self.assertEqual(d['C'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d['B'], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(d['A'], 3)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            self.assertEqual(d['D'])
+
+    def test_methods_produce_lists(self):
+        for d in (dict(self.d1), self.d2):
+            assert isinstance(d.keys(), list)
+            assert isinstance(d.values(), list)
+            assert isinstance(d.items(), list)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info[:2] == (2, 6),
+             'set-like behaviour of dict methods is only available in Py2.7+')
+    def test_set_like_behaviour(self):
+        d1, d2 = self.d1, self.d2
+        self.assertEqual(dict(d1).viewkeys() & dict(d2).viewkeys(), set())
+        self.assertEqual(dict(d1).viewkeys() | dict(d2).viewkeys(),
+                         set(['key1', 'key2', 'C', 'B', 'A']))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d1.viewvalues() | d2.viewkeys(), set))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(d1.viewitems() | d2.viewitems(), set))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            d1.values() | d2.values()
+            d1.keys() | d2.keys()
+            d1.items() | d2.items()
+
+    def test_braces_create_newdict_object(self):
+        """
+        It would nice if the {} dict syntax could be coaxed
+        into producing our new dict objects somehow ...
+        """
+        d = self.d1
+        if False:    # This doesn't work ...
+            self.assertTrue(type(d) == dict)
+
+
+# import UserDict
+import random, string
+import gc, weakref
+
+
+class Py2DictTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    These are Py2/3-compatible ports of the unit tests from Python 2.7's
+    tests/test_dict.py
+    """
+
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        # calling built-in types without argument must return empty
+        self.assertEqual(dict(), {})
+        self.assertIsNot(dict(), {})
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_literal_constructor(self):
+        # check literal constructor for different sized dicts
+        # (to exercise the BUILD_MAP oparg).
+        for n in (0, 1, 6, 256, 400):
+            items = [(''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters, 8)), i)
+                     for i in range(n)]
+            random.shuffle(items)
+            formatted_items = ('{!r}: {:d}'.format(k, v) for k, v in items)
+            dictliteral = '{' + ', '.join(formatted_items) + '}'
+            self.assertEqual(eval(dictliteral), dict(items))
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        self.assertIs(not dict(), True)
+        self.assertTrue(dict({1: 2}))
+        self.assertIs(bool(dict({})), False)
+        self.assertIs(bool(dict({1: 2})), True)
+
+    def test_keys(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertEqual(d.keys(), [])
+        d = dict({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        k = d.keys()
+        self.assertTrue(d.has_key('a'))
+        self.assertTrue(d.has_key('b'))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.keys, None)
+
+    def test_values(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertEqual(d.values(), [])
+        d = dict({1:2})
+        self.assertEqual(d.values(), [2])
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.values, None)
+
+    def test_items(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertEqual(d.items(), [])
+
+        d = dict({1:2})
+        self.assertEqual(d.items(), [(1, 2)])
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.items, None)
+
+    def test_has_key(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertFalse(d.has_key('a'))
+        d = dict({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        k = d.keys()
+        k.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(k, ['a', 'b'])
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.has_key)
+
+    def test_contains(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertNotIn('a', d)
+        self.assertFalse('a' in d)
+        self.assertTrue('a' not in d)
+        d = dict({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertIn('a', d)
+        self.assertIn('b', d)
+        self.assertNotIn('c', d)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__contains__)
+
+    def test_len(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)
+        d = dict({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 2)
+
+    def test_getitem(self):
+        d = dict({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d['b'], 2)
+        d['c'] = 3
+        d['a'] = 4
+        self.assertEqual(d['c'], 3)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], 4)
+        del d['b']
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict({'a': 4, 'c': 3}))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__getitem__)
+
+        class BadEq(object):
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                raise Exc()
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return 24
+
+        d = dict()
+        d[BadEq()] = 42
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.__getitem__, 23)
+
+        class Exc(Exception): pass
+
+        class BadHash(object):
+            fail = False
+            def __hash__(self):
+                if self.fail:
+                    raise Exc()
+                else:
+                    return 42
+
+        x = BadHash()
+        d[x] = 42
+        x.fail = True
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.__getitem__, x)
+
+    def test_clear(self):
+        d = dict({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+        d.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(d, {})
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.clear, None)
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        d = dict()
+        d.update({1:100})
+        d.update(dict({2:20}))
+        d.update({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+        self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+
+        d.update()
+        self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+
+        self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), d.update, None)
+
+        class SimpleUserDict:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.d = dict({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+            def keys(self):
+                return self.d.keys()
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                return self.d[i]
+        d.clear()
+        d.update(SimpleUserDict())
+        self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+
+        class Exc(Exception): pass
+
+        d.clear()
+        class FailingUserDict:
+            def keys(self):
+                raise Exc
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
+
+        class FailingUserDict:
+            def keys(self):
+                @implements_iterator
+                class BogonIter:
+                    def __init__(self):
+                        self.i = 1
+                    def __iter__(self):
+                        return self
+                    def __next__(self):
+                        if self.i:
+                            self.i = 0
+                            return 'a'
+                        raise Exc
+                return BogonIter()
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                return key
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
+
+        class FailingUserDict:
+            def keys(self):
+                @implements_iterator
+                class BogonIter:
+                    def __init__(self):
+                        self.i = ord('a')
+                    def __iter__(self):
+                        return self
+                    def __next__(self):
+                        if self.i <= ord('z'):
+                            rtn = chr(self.i)
+                            self.i += 1
+                            return rtn
+                        raise StopIteration
+                return BogonIter()
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                raise Exc
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict())
+
+        @implements_iterator
+        class badseq(object):
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+            def __next__(self):
+                raise Exc()
+
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, {}.update, badseq())
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, {}.update, [(1, 2, 3)])
+
+    def test_fromkeys(self):
+        self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertIsNot(d.fromkeys('abc'), d)
+        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None})
+        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys((4,5),0), {4:0, 5:0})
+        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys([]), {})
+        def g():
+            yield 1
+        self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys(g()), {1:None})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dict().fromkeys, 3)
+        class dictlike(dict): pass
+        self.assertEqual(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
+        self.assertEqual(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), {'a':None})
+        self.assertIsInstance(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), dictlike)
+        self.assertIsInstance(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), dictlike)
+        # class mydict(dict):
+        #     def __new__(cls):
+        #         return UserDict.UserDict()
+        # ud = mydict.fromkeys('ab')
+        # self.assertEqual(ud, {'a':None, 'b':None})
+        # self.assertIsInstance(ud, UserDict.UserDict)
+        # self.assertRaises(TypeError, dict.fromkeys)
+
+        class Exc(Exception): pass
+
+        class baddict1(dict):
+            def __init__(self):
+                raise Exc()
+
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict1.fromkeys, [1])
+
+        @implements_iterator
+        class BadSeq(object):
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return self
+            def __next__(self):
+                raise Exc()
+
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, dict.fromkeys, BadSeq())
+
+        class baddict2(dict):
+            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+                raise Exc()
+
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict2.fromkeys, [1])
+
+        # test fast path for dictionary inputs
+        d = dict(zip(range(6), range(6)))
+        self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys(d, 0), dict(zip(range(6), [0]*6)))
+
+        class baddict3(dict):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                return d
+        d = dict((i, i) for i in range(10))
+        res = d.copy()
+        res.update(a=None, b=None, c=None)
+        # Was: self.assertEqual(baddict3.fromkeys(set(["a", "b", "c"])), res)
+        # Infinite loop on Python 2.6 and 2.7 ...
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        d = dict({1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+        self.assertEqual(d.copy(), {1:1, 2:2, 3:3})
+        self.assertEqual({}.copy(), {})
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.copy, None)
+
+    def test_get(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
+        d = dict({'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(d.get('a'), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d.get('a', 3), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get, None, None, None)
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_setdefault(self):
+        # dict.setdefault()
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None)
+        d.setdefault('key0', [])
+        self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None)
+        d.setdefault('key', []).append(3)
+        self.assertEqual(d['key'][0], 3)
+        d.setdefault('key', []).append(4)
+        self.assertEqual(len(d['key']), 2)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.setdefault)
+
+        class Exc(Exception): pass
+
+        class BadHash(object):
+            fail = False
+            def __hash__(self):
+                if self.fail:
+                    raise Exc()
+                else:
+                    return 42
+
+        x = BadHash()
+        d[x] = 42
+        x.fail = True
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.setdefault, x, [])
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_setdefault_atomic(self):
+        # Issue #13521: setdefault() calls __hash__ and __eq__ only once.
+        class Hashed(object):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.hash_count = 0
+                self.eq_count = 0
+            def __hash__(self):
+                self.hash_count += 1
+                return 42
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                self.eq_count += 1
+                return id(self) == id(other)
+        hashed1 = Hashed()
+        y = dict({hashed1: 5})
+        hashed2 = Hashed()
+        y.setdefault(hashed2, [])
+        self.assertEqual(hashed1.hash_count, 1)
+        if PY3:
+            self.assertEqual(hashed2.hash_count, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(hashed1.eq_count + hashed2.eq_count, 1)
+
+    def test_popitem(self):
+        # dict.popitem()
+        for copymode in -1, +1:
+            # -1: b has same structure as a
+            # +1: b is a.copy()
+            for log2size in range(12):
+                size = 2**log2size
+                a = dict()
+                b = dict()
+                for i in range(size):
+                    a[repr(i)] = i
+                    if copymode < 0:
+                        b[repr(i)] = i
+                if copymode > 0:
+                    b = a.copy()
+                for i in range(size):
+                    ka, va = ta = a.popitem()
+                    self.assertEqual(va, int(ka))
+                    kb, vb = tb = b.popitem()
+                    self.assertEqual(vb, int(kb))
+                    self.assertFalse(copymode < 0 and ta != tb)
+                self.assertFalse(a)
+                self.assertFalse(b)
+
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.popitem)
+
+    def test_pop(self):
+        # Tests for pop with specified key
+        d = dict()
+        k, v = 'abc', 'def'
+        d[k] = v
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, 'ghi')
+
+        self.assertEqual(d.pop(k), v)
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 0)
+
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, k)
+
+        self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, v), v)
+        d[k] = v
+        self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, 1), v)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.pop)
+
+        class Exc(Exception): pass
+
+        class BadHash(object):
+            fail = False
+            def __hash__(self):
+                if self.fail:
+                    raise Exc()
+                else:
+                    return 42
+
+        x = BadHash()
+        d[x] = 42
+        x.fail = True
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, d.pop, x)
+
+    def test_mutatingiteration(self):
+        # changing dict size during iteration
+        d = dict()
+        d[1] = 1
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            for i in d:
+                d[i+1] = 1
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{}')
+        d[1] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: 2}')
+        d = dict()
+        d[1] = d
+        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: {...}}')
+
+        class Exc(Exception): pass
+
+        class BadRepr(object):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                raise Exc()
+
+        d = dict({1: BadRepr()})
+        self.assertRaises(Exc, repr, d)
+
+    @unittest.skip('Comparing dicts for order has not been forward-ported')
+    def test_le(self):
+        self.assertFalse(dict() < {})
+        self.assertFalse(dict() < dict())
+        self.assertFalse(dict({1: 2}) < {1: 2})
+
+        class Exc(Exception): pass
+
+        class BadCmp(object):
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                raise Exc()
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return 42
+
+        d1 = dict({BadCmp(): 1})
+        d2 = dict({1: 1})
+
+        with self.assertRaises(Exc):
+            d1 < d2
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_missing(self):
+        # Make sure dict doesn't have a __missing__ method
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(dict, "__missing__"))
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(dict(), "__missing__"))
+        # Test several cases:
+        # (D) subclass defines __missing__ method returning a value
+        # (E) subclass defines __missing__ method raising RuntimeError
+        # (F) subclass sets __missing__ instance variable (no effect)
+        # (G) subclass doesn't define __missing__ at a all
+        class D(dict):
+            def __missing__(self, key):
+                return 42
+        d = D({1: 2, 3: 4})
+        self.assertEqual(d[1], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(d[3], 4)
+        self.assertNotIn(2, d)
+        self.assertNotIn(2, d.keys())
+        self.assertEqual(d[2], 42)
+
+        class E(dict):
+            def __missing__(self, key):
+                raise RuntimeError(key)
+        e = E()
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as c:
+            e[42]
+        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))
+
+        class F(dict):
+            def __init__(self):
+                # An instance variable __missing__ should have no effect
+                self.__missing__ = lambda key: None
+        f = F()
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
+            f[42]
+        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))
+
+        class G(dict):
+            pass
+        g = G()
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
+            g[42]
+        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,))
+
+    @skip26
+    def test_tuple_keyerror(self):
+        # SF #1576657
+        d = dict()
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c:
+            d[(1,)]
+        self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, ((1,),))
+
+    # def test_bad_key(self):
+    #     # Dictionary lookups should fail if __cmp__() raises an exception.
+    #     class CustomException(Exception):
+    #         pass
+
+    #     class BadDictKey:
+    #         def __hash__(self):
+    #             return hash(self.__class__)
+
+    #         def __cmp__(self, other):
+    #             if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+    #                 raise CustomException
+    #             return other
+
+    #     d = dict()
+    #     x1 = BadDictKey()
+    #     x2 = BadDictKey()
+    #     d[x1] = 1
+    #     for stmt in ['d[x2] = 2',
+    #                  'z = d[x2]',
+    #                  'x2 in d',
+    #                  'd.has_key(x2)',
+    #                  'd.get(x2)',
+    #                  'd.setdefault(x2, 42)',
+    #                  'd.pop(x2)',
+    #                  'd.update({x2: 2})']:
+    #         with self.assertRaises(CustomException):
+    #             utils.exec_(stmt, locals())
+    #
+    # def test_resize1(self):
+    #     # Dict resizing bug, found by Jack Jansen in 2.2 CVS development.
+    #     # This version got an assert failure in debug build, infinite loop in
+    #     # release build.  Unfortunately, provoking this kind of stuff requires
+    #     # a mix of inserts and deletes hitting exactly the right hash codes in
+    #     # exactly the right order, and I can't think of a randomized approach
+    #     # that would be *likely* to hit a failing case in reasonable time.
+
+    #     d = {}
+    #     for i in range(5):
+    #         d[i] = i
+    #     for i in range(5):
+    #         del d[i]
+    #     for i in range(5, 9):  # i==8 was the problem
+    #         d[i] = i
+
+    # def test_resize2(self):
+    #     # Another dict resizing bug (SF bug #1456209).
+    #     # This caused Segmentation faults or Illegal instructions.
+
+    #     class X(object):
+    #         def __hash__(self):
+    #             return 5
+    #         def __eq__(self, other):
+    #             if resizing:
+    #                 d.clear()
+    #             return False
+    #     d = {}
+    #     resizing = False
+    #     d[X()] = 1
+    #     d[X()] = 2
+    #     d[X()] = 3
+    #     d[X()] = 4
+    #     d[X()] = 5
+    #     # now trigger a resize
+    #     resizing = True
+    #     d[9] = 6
+
+    # def test_empty_presized_dict_in_freelist(self):
+    #     # Bug #3537: if an empty but presized dict with a size larger
+    #     # than 7 was in the freelist, it triggered an assertion failure
+    #     with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
+    #         d = {'a': 1 // 0, 'b': None, 'c': None, 'd': None, 'e': None,
+    #              'f': None, 'g': None, 'h': None}
+    #     d = {}
+
+    # def test_container_iterator(self):
+    #     # Bug #3680: tp_traverse was not implemented for dictiter objects
+    #     class C(object):
+    #         pass
+    #     iterators = (dict.iteritems, dict.itervalues, dict.iterkeys)
+    #     for i in iterators:
+    #         obj = C()
+    #         ref = weakref.ref(obj)
+    #         container = {obj: 1}
+    #         obj.x = i(container)
+    #         del obj, container
+    #         gc.collect()
+    #         self.assertIs(ref(), None, "Cycle was not collected")
+
+    # def _not_tracked(self, t):
+    #     # Nested containers can take several collections to untrack
+    #     gc.collect()
+    #     gc.collect()
+    #     self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(t), t)
+
+    # def _tracked(self, t):
+    #     self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(t), t)
+    #     gc.collect()
+    #     gc.collect()
+    #     self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(t), t)
+
+    # @test_support.cpython_only
+    # def test_track_literals(self):
+    #     # Test GC-optimization of dict literals
+    #     x, y, z, w = 1.5, "a", (1, None), []
+
+    #     self._not_tracked({})
+    #     self._not_tracked({x:(), y:x, z:1})
+    #     self._not_tracked({1: "a", "b": 2})
+    #     self._not_tracked({1: 2, (None, True, False, ()): int})
+    #     self._not_tracked({1: object()})
+
+    #     # Dicts with mutable elements are always tracked, even if those
+    #     # elements are not tracked right now.
+    #     self._tracked({1: []})
+    #     self._tracked({1: ([],)})
+    #     self._tracked({1: {}})
+    #     self._tracked({1: set()})
+
+    # @test_support.cpython_only
+    # def test_track_dynamic(self):
+    #     # Test GC-optimization of dynamically-created dicts
+    #     class MyObject(object):
+    #         pass
+    #     x, y, z, w, o = 1.5, "a", (1, object()), [], MyObject()
+
+    #     d = dict()
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     d[1] = "a"
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     d[y] = 2
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     d[z] = 3
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     self._not_tracked(d.copy())
+    #     d[4] = w
+    #     self._tracked(d)
+    #     self._tracked(d.copy())
+    #     d[4] = None
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     self._not_tracked(d.copy())
+
+    #     # dd isn't tracked right now, but it may mutate and therefore d
+    #     # which contains it must be tracked.
+    #     d = dict()
+    #     dd = dict()
+    #     d[1] = dd
+    #     self._not_tracked(dd)
+    #     self._tracked(d)
+    #     dd[1] = d
+    #     self._tracked(dd)
+
+    #     d = dict.fromkeys([x, y, z])
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     dd = dict()
+    #     dd.update(d)
+    #     self._not_tracked(dd)
+    #     d = dict.fromkeys([x, y, z, o])
+    #     self._tracked(d)
+    #     dd = dict()
+    #     dd.update(d)
+    #     self._tracked(dd)
+
+    #     d = dict(x=x, y=y, z=z)
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     d = dict(x=x, y=y, z=z, w=w)
+    #     self._tracked(d)
+    #     d = dict()
+    #     d.update(x=x, y=y, z=z)
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     d.update(w=w)
+    #     self._tracked(d)
+
+    #     d = dict([(x, y), (z, 1)])
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     d = dict([(x, y), (z, w)])
+    #     self._tracked(d)
+    #     d = dict()
+    #     d.update([(x, y), (z, 1)])
+    #     self._not_tracked(d)
+    #     d.update([(x, y), (z, w)])
+    #     self._tracked(d)
+
+    # @test_support.cpython_only
+    # def test_track_subtypes(self):
+    #     # Dict subtypes are always tracked
+    #     class MyDict(dict):
+    #         pass
+    #     self._tracked(MyDict())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # Only run these tests on Python 3 ...
+    if PY3:
+        unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_oldstr.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_oldstr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17af03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_oldstr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the resurrected Py2-like 8-bit string type.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+
+from numbers import Integral
+from future.tests.base import unittest
+from past.builtins import str as oldstr
+from past.types.oldstr import unescape
+
+
+class TestOldStr(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_repr(self):
+        s1 = oldstr(b'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(s1), "'abc'")
+        s2 = oldstr(b'abc\ndef')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(s2), "'abc\\ndef'")
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        s1 = oldstr(b'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(str(s1), 'abc')
+        s2 = oldstr(b'abc\ndef')
+        self.assertEqual(str(s2), 'abc\ndef')
+
+    def test_unescape(self):
+        self.assertEqual(unescape('abc\\ndef'), 'abc\ndef')
+        s = unescape(r'a\\b\c\\d')   # i.e. 'a\\\\b\\c\\\\d'
+        self.assertEqual(str(s), r'a\b\c\d')
+        s2 = unescape(r'abc\\ndef')   # i.e. 'abc\\\\ndef'
+        self.assertEqual(str(s2), r'abc\ndef')
+
+    def test_getitem(self):
+        s = oldstr(b'abc')
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(s[0], 97)
+        self.assertEqual(s[0], b'a')
+        self.assertEqual(s[0], oldstr(b'a'))
+
+        self.assertEqual(s[1:], b'bc')
+        self.assertEqual(s[1:], oldstr(b'bc'))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_translation.py b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_translation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b442d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/Dependencies/future-0.18.2/tests/test_past/test_translation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+Tests for the Py2-like class:`basestring` type.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+import os
+import textwrap
+import sys
+import pprint
+import tempfile
+import os
+import io
+from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
+
+from past import utils
+from past.builtins import basestring, str as oldstr, unicode
+
+from past.translation import install_hooks, remove_hooks, common_substring
+from future.tests.base import (unittest, CodeHandler, skip26,
+                               expectedFailurePY3, expectedFailurePY26)
+
+
+class TestTranslate(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() + os.path.sep
+
+    # def tearDown(self):
+    #     remove_hooks()
+
+    def test_common_substring(self):
+        s1 = '/home/user/anaconda/envs/future3/lib/python3.3/lib-dynload/math.cpython-33m.so'
+        s2 = '/home/user/anaconda/envs/future3/lib/python3.3/urllib/__init__.py'
+        c =  '/home/user/anaconda/envs/future3/lib/python3.3'
+        self.assertEqual(c, common_substring(s1, s2))
+
+        s1 = r'/Users/Fred Flintstone/Python3.3/lib/something'
+        s2 = r'/Users/Fred Flintstone/Python3.3/lib/somethingelse'
+        c =  r'/Users/Fred Flintstone/Python3.3/lib'
+        self.assertEqual(c, common_substring(s1, s2))
+
+    def write_and_import(self, code, modulename='mymodule'):
+        self.assertTrue('.py' not in modulename)
+        filename = modulename + '.py'
+        if isinstance(code, bytes):
+            code = code.decode('utf-8')
+        # Be explicit about encoding the temp file as UTF-8 (issue #63):
+        with io.open(self.tempdir + filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write(textwrap.dedent(code).strip() + '\n')
+
+        # meta_path_len = len(sys.meta_path)
+        install_hooks(modulename)
+        # print('Hooks installed')
+        # assert len(sys.meta_path) == 1 + meta_path_len
+        # print('sys.meta_path is: {0}'.format(sys.meta_path))
+        module = None
+
+        sys.path.insert(0, self.tempdir)
+        try:
+            module = __import__(modulename)
+        except SyntaxError:
+            print('Bombed!')
+        else:
+            print('Succeeded!')
+        finally:
+            remove_hooks()
+            # print('Hooks removed')
+            sys.path.remove(self.tempdir)
+        return module
+
+    def test_print_statement(self):
+        code = """
+            print 'Hello from a Python 2-style print statement!'
+            finished = True
+        """
+        printer = self.write_and_import(code, 'printer')
+        self.assertTrue(printer.finished)
+
+    def test_exec_statement(self):
+        code = """
+            exec 'x = 5 + 2'
+        """
+        module = self.write_and_import(code, 'execer')
+        self.assertEqual(module.x, 7)
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        code = """
+        x = 3 / 2
+        """
+        module = self.write_and_import(code, 'div')
+        self.assertEqual(module.x, 1)
+
+    def test_import_future_standard_library(self):
+        """
+        Does futurized Py3-like code like this work under autotranslation??
+        """
+        code = """
+        from future import standard_library
+        standard_library.install_hooks()
+        import configparser
+        """
+        module = self.write_and_import(code, 'future_standard_library')
+        self.assertTrue('configparser' in dir(module))
+        from future import standard_library
+        standard_library.remove_hooks()
+
+    def test_old_builtin_functions(self):
+        code = """
+        # a = raw_input()
+        import sys
+        b = open(sys.executable, 'rb')
+        b.close()
+
+        def is_even(x):
+            return x % 2 == 0
+        c = filter(is_even, range(10))
+
+        def double(x):
+            return x * 2
+        d = map(double, c)
+
+        e = isinstance('abcd', str)
+
+        for g in xrange(10**3):
+            pass
+
+        # super(MyClass, self)
+        """
+        module = self.write_and_import(code, 'test_builtin_functions')
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(module.b, 'readlines'))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(module.c, list))
+        self.assertEqual(module.c, [0, 2, 4, 6, 8])
+        self.assertEqual(module.d, [0, 4, 8, 12, 16])
+        self.assertTrue(module.e)
+
+    @expectedFailurePY3
+    def test_import_builtin_types(self):
+        code = """
+        s1 = 'abcd'
+        s2 = u'abcd'
+        b1 = b'abcd'
+        b2 = s2.encode('utf-8')
+        d1 = {}
+        d2 = dict((i, i**2) for i in range(10))
+        i1 = 1923482349324234L
+        i2 = 1923482349324234
+        """
+        module = self.write_and_import(code, 'test_builtin_types')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(module.s1, oldstr))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(module.s2, unicode))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(module.b1, oldstr))
+
+    def test_xrange(self):
+        code = '''
+        total = 0
+        for i in xrange(10):
+            total += i
+        '''
+        module = self.write_and_import(code, 'xrange')
+        self.assertEqual(module.total, 45)
+
+    def test_exception_syntax(self):
+        """
+        Test of whether futurize handles the old-style exception syntax
+        """
+        code = """
+        value = 'string'
+        try:
+            value += 10
+        except TypeError, e:    # old exception syntax
+            value += ': success!'
+        """
+        module = self.write_and_import(code, 'py2_exceptions')
+        self.assertEqual(module.value, 'string: success!')
+
+
+# class TestFuturizeSimple(CodeHandler):
+#     """
+#     This class contains snippets of Python 2 code (invalid Python 3) and
+#     tests for whether they can be imported correctly from Python 3 with the
+#     import hooks.
+#     """
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_problematic_string(self):
+#         """ This string generates a SyntaxError on Python 3 unless it has
+#         an r prefix.
+#         """
+#         before = r"""
+#         s = 'The folder is "C:\Users"'.
+#         """
+#         after = r"""
+#         s = r'The folder is "C:\Users"'.
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     def test_tobytes(self):
+#         """
+#         The --tobytes option converts all UNADORNED string literals 'abcd' to b'abcd'.
+#         It does apply to multi-line strings but doesn't apply if it's a raw
+#         string, because ur'abcd' is a SyntaxError on Python 2 and br'abcd' is a
+#         SyntaxError on Python 3.
+#         """
+#         before = r"""
+#         s0 = '1234'
+#         s1 = '''5678
+#         '''
+#         s2 = "9abc"
+#         # Unchanged:
+#         s3 = r'1234'
+#         s4 = R"defg"
+#         s5 = u'hijk'
+#         s6 = u"lmno"
+#         s7 = b'lmno'
+#         s8 = b"pqrs"
+#         """
+#         after = r"""
+#         s0 = b'1234'
+#         s1 = b'''5678
+#         '''
+#         s2 = b"9abc"
+#         # Unchanged:
+#         s3 = r'1234'
+#         s4 = R"defg"
+#         s5 = u'hijk'
+#         s6 = u"lmno"
+#         s7 = b'lmno'
+#         s8 = b"pqrs"
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, tobytes=True)
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_izip(self):
+#         before = """
+#         from itertools import izip
+#         for (a, b) in izip([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]):
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         from __future__ import unicode_literals
+#         from future.builtins import zip
+#         for (a, b) in zip([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]):
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=(1, 2), ignore_imports=False)
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_no_unneeded_list_calls(self):
+#         """
+#         TODO: get this working
+#         """
+#         code = """
+#         for (a, b) in zip(range(3), range(3, 6)):
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.unchanged(code)
+#
+#     def test_xrange(self):
+#         code = '''
+#         for i in xrange(10):
+#             pass
+#         '''
+#         self.convert(code)
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_source_coding_utf8(self):
+#         """
+#         Tests to ensure that the source coding line is not corrupted or
+#         removed. It must be left as the first line in the file (including
+#         before any __future__ imports). Also tests whether the unicode
+#         characters in this encoding are parsed correctly and left alone.
+#         """
+#         code = """
+#         # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#         icons = [u"◐", u"◓", u"◑", u"◒"]
+#         """
+#         self.unchanged(code)
+#
+#     def test_exception_syntax(self):
+#         """
+#         Test of whether futurize handles the old-style exception syntax
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         try:
+#             pass
+#         except IOError, e:
+#             val = e.errno
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         try:
+#             pass
+#         except IOError as e:
+#             val = e.errno
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     def test_super(self):
+#         """
+#         This tests whether futurize keeps the old two-argument super() calls the
+#         same as before. It should, because this still works in Py3.
+#         """
+#         code = '''
+#         class VerboseList(list):
+#             def append(self, item):
+#                 print('Adding an item')
+#                 super(VerboseList, self).append(item)
+#         '''
+#         self.unchanged(code)
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_file(self):
+#         """
+#         file() as a synonym for open() is obsolete and invalid on Python 3.
+#         """
+#         before = '''
+#         f = file(__file__)
+#         data = f.read()
+#         f.close()
+#         '''
+#         after = '''
+#         f = open(__file__)
+#         data = f.read()
+#         f.close()
+#         '''
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     def test_apply(self):
+#         before = '''
+#         def addup(*x):
+#             return sum(x)
+#
+#         assert apply(addup, (10,20)) == 30
+#         '''
+#         after = """
+#         def addup(*x):
+#             return sum(x)
+#
+#         assert addup(*(10,20)) == 30
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     @unittest.skip('not implemented yet')
+#     def test_download_pypi_package_and_test(self, package_name='future'):
+#         URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/{0}/json'
+#
+#         import requests
+#         r = requests.get(URL.format(package_name))
+#         pprint.pprint(r.json())
+#
+#         download_url = r.json()['urls'][0]['url']
+#         filename = r.json()['urls'][0]['filename']
+#         # r2 = requests.get(download_url)
+#         # with open('/tmp/' + filename, 'w') as tarball:
+#         #     tarball.write(r2.content)
+#
+#     def test_raw_input(self):
+#         """
+#         Passes in a string to the waiting input() after futurize
+#         conversion.
+#
+#         The code is the first snippet from these docs:
+#             http://docs.python.org/2/library/2to3.html
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         def greet(name):
+#             print "Hello, {0}!".format(name)
+#         print "What's your name?"
+#         name = raw_input()
+#         greet(name)
+#         """
+#         desired = """
+#         def greet(name):
+#             print("Hello, {0}!".format(name))
+#         print("What's your name?")
+#         name = input()
+#         greet(name)
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, desired, run=False)
+#
+#         for interpreter in self.interpreters:
+#             p1 = Popen([interpreter, self.tempdir + 'mytestscript.py'],
+#                        stdout=PIPE, stdin=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
+#             (stdout, stderr) = p1.communicate(b'Ed')
+#             self.assertEqual(stdout, b"What's your name?\nHello, Ed!\n")
+#
+#     def test_literal_prefixes_are_not_stripped(self):
+#         """
+#         Tests to ensure that the u'' and b'' prefixes on unicode strings and
+#         byte strings are not removed by the futurize script.  Removing the
+#         prefixes on Py3.3+ is unnecessary and loses some information -- namely,
+#         that the strings have explicitly been marked as unicode or bytes,
+#         rather than just e.g. a guess by some automated tool about what they
+#         are.
+#         """
+#         code = '''
+#         s = u'unicode string'
+#         b = b'byte string'
+#         '''
+#         self.unchanged(code)
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_division(self):
+#         """
+#         TODO: implement this!
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         x = 1 / 2
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         from future.utils import old_div
+#         x = old_div(1, 2)
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#
+# class TestFuturizeRenamedStdlib(CodeHandler):
+#     def test_renamed_modules(self):
+#         before = """
+#         import ConfigParser
+#         import copy_reg
+#         import cPickle
+#         import cStringIO
+#
+#         s = cStringIO.StringIO('blah')
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         import configparser
+#         import copyreg
+#         import pickle
+#         import io
+#
+#         s = io.StringIO('blah')
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_urllib_refactor(self):
+#         # Code like this using urllib is refactored by futurize --stage2 to use
+#         # the new Py3 module names, but ``future`` doesn't support urllib yet.
+#         before = """
+#         import urllib
+#
+#         URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/future/json'
+#         package_name = 'future'
+#         r = urllib.urlopen(URL.format(package_name))
+#         data = r.read()
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         import urllib.request
+#
+#         URL = 'http://pypi.python.org/pypi/future/json'
+#         package_name = 'future'
+#         r = urllib.request.urlopen(URL.format(package_name))
+#         data = r.read()
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     def test_renamed_copy_reg_and_cPickle_modules(self):
+#         """
+#         Example from docs.python.org/2/library/copy_reg.html
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         import copy_reg
+#         import copy
+#         import cPickle
+#         class C(object):
+#             def __init__(self, a):
+#                 self.a = a
+#
+#         def pickle_c(c):
+#             print('pickling a C instance...')
+#             return C, (c.a,)
+#
+#         copy_reg.pickle(C, pickle_c)
+#         c = C(1)
+#         d = copy.copy(c)
+#         p = cPickle.dumps(c)
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         import copyreg
+#         import copy
+#         import pickle
+#         class C(object):
+#             def __init__(self, a):
+#                 self.a = a
+#
+#         def pickle_c(c):
+#             print('pickling a C instance...')
+#             return C, (c.a,)
+#
+#         copyreg.pickle(C, pickle_c)
+#         c = C(1)
+#         d = copy.copy(c)
+#         p = pickle.dumps(c)
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_Py2_StringIO_module(self):
+#         """
+#         Ideally, there would be a fixer for this. For now:
+#
+#         TODO: add the Py3 equivalent for this to the docs
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         import cStringIO
+#         s = cStringIO.StringIO('my string')
+#         assert isinstance(s, cStringIO.InputType)
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         import io
+#         s = io.StringIO('my string')
+#         # assert isinstance(s, io.InputType)
+#         # There is no io.InputType in Python 3. What should we change this to
+#         # instead?
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#
+# class TestFuturizeStage1(CodeHandler):
+#     # """
+#     # Tests "stage 1": safe optimizations: modernizing Python 2 code so that it
+#     # uses print functions, new-style exception syntax, etc.
+#
+#     # The behaviour should not change and this should introduce no dependency on
+#     # the ``future`` package. It produces more modern Python 2-only code. The
+#     # goal is to reduce the size of the real porting patch-set by performing
+#     # the uncontroversial patches first.
+#     # """
+#
+#     def test_apply(self):
+#         """
+#         apply() should be changed by futurize --stage1
+#         """
+#         before = '''
+#         def f(a, b):
+#             return a + b
+#
+#         args = (1, 2)
+#         assert apply(f, args) == 3
+#         assert apply(f, ('a', 'b')) == 'ab'
+#         '''
+#         after = '''
+#         def f(a, b):
+#             return a + b
+#
+#         args = (1, 2)
+#         assert f(*args) == 3
+#         assert f(*('a', 'b')) == 'ab'
+#         '''
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#     def test_xrange(self):
+#         """
+#         xrange should not be changed by futurize --stage1
+#         """
+#         code = '''
+#         for i in xrange(10):
+#             pass
+#         '''
+#         self.unchanged(code, stages=[1])
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_absolute_import_changes(self):
+#         """
+#         Implicit relative imports should be converted to absolute or explicit
+#         relative imports correctly.
+#
+#         Issue #16 (with porting bokeh/bbmodel.py)
+#         """
+#         with open('specialmodels.py', 'w') as f:
+#             f.write('pass')
+#
+#         before = """
+#         import specialmodels.pandasmodel
+#         specialmodels.pandasmodel.blah()
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         from __future__ import absolute_import
+#         from .specialmodels import pandasmodel
+#         pandasmodel.blah()
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#     def test_safe_futurize_imports(self):
+#         """
+#         The standard library module names should not be changed until stage 2
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         import ConfigParser
+#         import HTMLParser
+#         import collections
+#
+#         ConfigParser.ConfigParser
+#         HTMLParser.HTMLParser
+#         d = collections.OrderedDict()
+#         """
+#         self.unchanged(before, stages=[1])
+#
+#     def test_print(self):
+#         before = """
+#         print 'Hello'
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         print('Hello')
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#         before = """
+#         import sys
+#         print >> sys.stderr, 'Hello', 'world'
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         import sys
+#         print('Hello', 'world', file=sys.stderr)
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#     def test_print_already_function(self):
+#         """
+#         Running futurize --stage1 should not add a second set of parentheses
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         print('Hello')
+#         """
+#         self.unchanged(before, stages=[1])
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_print_already_function_complex(self):
+#         """
+#         Running futurize --stage1 does add a second second set of parentheses
+#         in this case. This is because the underlying lib2to3 has two distinct
+#         grammars -- with a print statement and with a print function -- and,
+#         when going forwards (2 to both), futurize assumes print is a statement,
+#         which raises a ParseError.
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         import sys
+#         print('Hello', 'world', file=sys.stderr)
+#         """
+#         self.unchanged(before, stages=[1])
+#
+#     def test_exceptions(self):
+#         before = """
+#         try:
+#             raise AttributeError('blah')
+#         except AttributeError, e:
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         try:
+#             raise AttributeError('blah')
+#         except AttributeError as e:
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_string_exceptions(self):
+#         """
+#         2to3 does not convert string exceptions: see
+#         http://python3porting.com/differences.html.
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         try:
+#             raise "old string exception"
+#         except Exception, e:
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         try:
+#             raise Exception("old string exception")
+#         except Exception as e:
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#     @unittest.expectedFailure
+#     def test_oldstyle_classes(self):
+#         """
+#         We don't convert old-style classes to new-style automatically. Should we?
+#         """
+#         before = """
+#         class Blah:
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         class Blah(object):
+#             pass
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after, stages=[1])
+#
+#
+#     def test_octal_literals(self):
+#         before = """
+#         mode = 0644
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         mode = 0o644
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     def test_long_int_literals(self):
+#         before = """
+#         bignumber = 12345678901234567890L
+#         """
+#         after = """
+#         bignumber = 12345678901234567890
+#         """
+#         self.convert_check(before, after)
+#
+#     def test___future___import_position(self):
+#         """
+#         Issue #4: __future__ imports inserted too low in file: SyntaxError
+#         """
+#         code = """
+#         # Comments here
+#         # and here
+#         __version__=''' $Id$ '''
+#         __doc__="A Sequencer class counts things. It aids numbering and formatting lists."
+#         __all__='Sequencer getSequencer setSequencer'.split()
+#         #
+#         # another comment
+#         #
+#
+#         CONSTANTS = [ 0, 01, 011, 0111, 012, 02, 021, 0211, 02111, 013 ]
+#         _RN_LETTERS = "IVXLCDM"
+#
+#         def my_func(value):
+#             pass
+#
+#         ''' Docstring-like comment here '''
+#         """
+#         self.convert(code)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Python/python310._pth b/Python/python310._pth
index 5908e77..2676d09 100644
--- a/Python/python310._pth
+++ b/Python/python310._pth
@@ -2,4 +2,9 @@ python310.zip
 .
 
 # Uncomment to run site.main() automatically
-#import site
+import site
+
+Lib
+Lib/site-packages
+Scripts
+Dependencies/future-0.18.2
-- 
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