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// This example is out of date and currently disabled from build.
// The `gfx` layer has been refactored with a new shader-object model
// that will greatly simplify shader binding and specialization.
// This example should be updated to use the shader-object API in `gfx`.

// main.cpp

//
// This example is much more involved than the `hello-world` example,
// so readers are encouraged to work through the simpler code first
// before diving into this application. We will gloss over parts of
// the code that are similar to the code in `hello-world`, and
// instead focus on the new code that is required to use Slang in
// more advanced ways.
//

// We still need to include the Slang header to use the Slang API
//
#include <slang.h>
#include "slang-com-helper.h"

// We will again make use of a graphics API abstraction
// layer that implements the shader-object idiom based on Slang's
// `ParameterBlock` and `interface` features to simplify shader specialization
// and parameter binding.
//
#include "slang-gfx.h"
#include "tools/gfx-util/shader-cursor.h"
#include "tools/platform/model.h"
#include "tools/platform/vector-math.h"
#include "tools/platform/window.h"
#include "tools/platform/gui.h"
#include "examples/example-base/example-base.h"

#include <map>
#include <sstream>

using namespace gfx;
using Slang::RefObject;
using Slang::RefPtr;

struct RendererContext
{
    IDevice* device;
    slang::IModule* shaderModule;
    slang::ShaderReflection* slangReflection;
    ComPtr<IShaderProgram> shaderProgram;

    slang::TypeReflection* perViewShaderType;
    slang::TypeReflection* perModelShaderType;

    Result init(IDevice* inDevice)
    {
        device = inDevice;
        ComPtr<ISlangBlob> diagnostic;
        shaderModule = device->getSlangSession()->loadModule("shaders", diagnostic.writeRef());
        diagnoseIfNeeded(diagnostic);

        // Compose the shader program for drawing models by combining the shader module
        // and entry points ("vertexMain" and "fragmentMain").
        char const* vertexEntryPointName = "vertexMain";
        ComPtr<slang::IEntryPoint> vertexEntryPoint;
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
            shaderModule->findEntryPointByName(vertexEntryPointName, vertexEntryPoint.writeRef()));

        char const* fragEntryPointName = "fragmentMain";
        ComPtr<slang::IEntryPoint> fragEntryPoint;
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(
            shaderModule->findEntryPointByName(fragEntryPointName, fragEntryPoint.writeRef()));

        // At this point we have a few different Slang API objects that represent
        // pieces of our code: `module`, `vertexEntryPoint`, and `fragmentEntryPoint`.
        //
        // A single Slang module could contain many different entry points (e.g.,
        // four vertex entry points, three fragment entry points, and two compute
        // shaders), and before we try to generate output code for our target API
        // we need to identify which entry points we plan to use together.
        //
        // Modules and entry points are both examples of *component types* in the
        // Slang API. The API also provides a way to build a *composite* out of
        // other pieces, and that is what we are going to do with our module
        // and entry points.
        //
        Slang::List<slang::IComponentType*> componentTypes;
        componentTypes.add(shaderModule);
        componentTypes.add(vertexEntryPoint);
        componentTypes.add(fragEntryPoint);

        // Actually creating the composite component type is a single operation
        // on the Slang session, but the operation could potentially fail if
        // something about the composite was invalid (e.g., you are trying to
        // combine multiple copies of the same module), so we need to deal
        // with the possibility of diagnostic output.
        //
        ComPtr<slang::IComponentType> composedProgram;
        ComPtr<ISlangBlob> diagnosticsBlob;
        SlangResult result = device->getSlangSession()->createCompositeComponentType(
            componentTypes.getBuffer(),
            componentTypes.getCount(),
            composedProgram.writeRef(),
            diagnosticsBlob.writeRef());
        diagnoseIfNeeded(diagnosticsBlob);
        SLANG_RETURN_ON_FAIL(result);
        slangReflection = composedProgram->getLayout();

        // At this point, `composedProgram` represents the shader program
        // we want to run, and the compute shader there have been checked.
        // We can create a `gfx::IShaderProgram` object from `composedProgram`
        // so it may be used by the graphics layer.
        gfx::IShaderProgram::Desc programDesc = {};
        programDesc.slangGlobalScope = composedProgram.get();

        shaderProgram = device->createProgram(programDesc);

        // Get other shader types that we will use for creating shader objects.
        perViewShaderType = slangReflection->findTypeByName("PerView");
        perModelShaderType = slangReflection->findTypeByName("PerModel");

        return SLANG_OK;
    }
};

// Our application code has a rudimentary material system,
// to match the `IMaterial` abstraction used in the shade code.
//
struct Material : RefObject
{
    // The key feature of a matrial in our application is that
    // it can provide a shader object that describes it and
    // its parameters. The contents of the shader object will
    // be any colors, textures, etc. that the material needs,
    // while the Slang type that was used to allocate the
    // block will be an implementation of `IMaterial` that
    // provides the evaluation logic for the material.

    // Each subclass of `Material` will provide a routine to
    // create a shader object that stores its shader parameters.
    virtual IShaderObject* createShaderObject(RendererContext* context) = 0;

    // The shader object for a material will be stashed here
    // after it is created.
    ComPtr<IShaderObject> shaderObject;
};

// For now we have only a single implementation of `Material`,
// which corresponds to the `SimpleMaterial` type in our shader
// code.
//
struct SimpleMaterial : Material
{
    glm::vec3   diffuseColor;
    glm::vec3   specularColor;
    float       specularity = 1.0f;

    // Create a shader object that contains the type info and parameter values
    // that represent an instance of `SimpleMaterial`.
    IShaderObject* createShaderObject(RendererContext* context) override
    {
        auto program = context->slangReflection;
        auto shaderType = program->findTypeByName("SimpleMaterial");
        shaderObject = context->device->createShaderObject(shaderType);
        gfx::ShaderCursor cursor(shaderObject);
        cursor["diffuseColor"].setData(&diffuseColor, sizeof(diffuseColor));
        cursor["specularColor"].setData(&specularColor, sizeof(specularColor));
        cursor["specularity"].setData(&specularity, sizeof(specularity));
        return shaderObject.get();
    }
};

// With the `Material` abstraction defined, we can go on to define
// the representation for loaded models that we will use.
//
// A `Model` will own vertex/index buffers, along with a list of meshes,
// while each `Mesh` will own a material and a range of indices.
// For this example we will be loading models from `.obj` files, but
// that is just a simple lowest-common-denominator choice.
//
struct Mesh : RefObject
{
    RefPtr<Material>    material;
    int                 firstIndex;
    int                 indexCount;
};
struct Model : RefObject
{
    typedef platform::ModelLoader::Vertex Vertex;

    ComPtr<IBufferResource>     vertexBuffer;
    ComPtr<IBufferResource>     indexBuffer;
    PrimitiveTopology           primitiveTopology;
    int                         vertexCount;
    int                         indexCount;
    std::vector<RefPtr<Mesh>>   meshes;
};
//
// Loading a model from disk is done with the help of some utility
// code for parsing the `.obj` file format, so that the application
// mostly just registers some callbacks to allocate the objects
// used for its representation.
//
RefPtr<Model> loadModel(
    RendererContext*        context,
    char const*             inputPath,
    platform::ModelLoader::LoadFlags loadFlags = 0,
    float                   scale = 1.0f)
{
    // The model loading interface using a C++ interface of
    // callback functions to handle creating the application-specific
    // representation of meshes, materials, etc.
    //
    struct Callbacks : platform::ModelLoader::ICallbacks
    {
        RendererContext* context;
        // Hold a reference to all material and mesh objects
        // created during loading so that they can be properly
        // freed.
        std::vector<RefPtr<Material>> materials;
        std::vector<RefPtr<Mesh>> meshes;
        void* createMaterial(MaterialData const& data) override
        {
            SimpleMaterial* material = new SimpleMaterial();
            material->diffuseColor = data.diffuseColor;
            material->specularColor = data.specularColor;
            material->specularity = data.specularity;
            material->createShaderObject(context);
            materials.push_back(material);
            return material;
        }

        void* createMesh(MeshData const& data) override
        {
            Mesh* mesh = new Mesh();
            mesh->firstIndex = data.firstIndex;
            mesh->indexCount = data.indexCount;
            mesh->material = (Material*)data.material;
            meshes.push_back(mesh);
            return mesh;
        }

        void* createModel(ModelData const& data) override
        {
            Model* model = new Model();
            model->vertexBuffer = data.vertexBuffer;
            model->indexBuffer = data.indexBuffer;
            model->primitiveTopology = data.primitiveTopology;
            model->vertexCount = data.vertexCount;
            model->indexCount = data.indexCount;

            int meshCount = data.meshCount;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < meshCount; ++ii)
                model->meshes.push_back((Mesh*)data.meshes[ii]);

            return model;
        }
    };
    Callbacks callbacks;
    callbacks.context = context;

    // We instantiate a model loader object and then use it to
    // try and load a model from the chosen path.
    //
    platform::ModelLoader loader;
    loader.device = context->device;
    loader.loadFlags = loadFlags;
    loader.scale = scale;
    loader.callbacks = &callbacks;
    Model* model = nullptr;
    if (SLANG_FAILED(loader.load(inputPath, (void**)&model)))
    {
        log("failed to load '%s'\n", inputPath);
        return nullptr;
    }

    return model;
}

// Along with materials, our application needs to be able to represent
// multiple light sources in the scene. For this task we will use a C++
// inheritance hierarchy rooted at `Light` to match the `ILight`
// interface in Slang.

struct Light : RefObject
{
    // A light must be able to write its state into a shader parameters
    // of the matching Slang type.
    //
    virtual void writeTo(ShaderCursor const& cursor) = 0;

    // Retrieves the shader type for this light object.
    virtual slang::TypeReflection* getShaderType(RendererContext* context) = 0;

    // The shader object for a light will be stashed here
    // after it is created.
//    ComPtr<IShaderObject> shaderObject;
};

// Helper function to retrieve the underlying shader type of `T`.
template<typename T>
slang::TypeReflection* getShaderType(RendererContext* context)
{
    auto program = context->slangReflection;
    auto shaderType = program->findTypeByName(T::getTypeName());
    return shaderType;
}

// We will provide two nearly trivial implementations of `Light` for now,
// to show the kind of application code needed to line up with the corresponding
// types defined in the Slang shader code for this application.

struct DirectionalLight : Light
{
    glm::vec3 direction = normalize(glm::vec3(1));
    glm::vec3 intensity = glm::vec3(1);

    static const char* getTypeName() { return "DirectionalLight"; }

    virtual void writeTo(ShaderCursor const& cursor) override
    {
        cursor["direction"].setData(&direction, sizeof(direction));
        cursor["intensity"].setData(&intensity, sizeof(intensity));
    }

    virtual slang::TypeReflection* getShaderType(RendererContext* context) override
    {
        return ::getShaderType<DirectionalLight>(context);
    }
};

struct PointLight : Light
{
    glm::vec3 position = glm::vec3(0);
    glm::vec3 intensity = glm::vec3(1);

    static const char* getTypeName() { return "PointLight"; }

    virtual void writeTo(ShaderCursor const& cursor) override
    {
        cursor["position"].setData(&position, sizeof(position));
        cursor["intensity"].setData(&intensity, sizeof(intensity));
    }

    virtual slang::TypeReflection* getShaderType(RendererContext* context) override
    {
        return ::getShaderType<PointLight>(context);
    }
};

// Rendering is usually done with collections of lights rather than single
// lights. This application will use a concept of "light environments" to
// group together lights for rendering.
//
// We want to be *able* to specialize our shader code based on the particular
// types of lights in a scene, but we also do not want to over-specialize
// and, e.g., use differnt specialized shaders for a scene with 99 point
// lights vs. 100.
//
// This particular application will use a notion of a "layout" for a lighting
// environment, which specifies the allowed types of lights, and the maximum
// number of lights of each type. Different lighting environment layouts
// will yield different specialized code.

struct LightEnvLayout : public RefObject
{
    // Our lighting environment layout will track layout
    // information for several different arrays: one
    // for each supported light type.
    //
    struct LightArrayLayout : RefObject
    {
        Int maximumCount = 0;
        std::string typeName;
    };
    std::vector<LightArrayLayout> lightArrayLayouts;
    std::map<slang::TypeReflection*, Int> mapLightTypeToArrayIndex;
    slang::TypeReflection* shaderType = nullptr;

    void addLightType(RendererContext* context, slang::TypeReflection* lightType, Int maximumCount)
    {
        Int arrayIndex = (Int)lightArrayLayouts.size();
        LightArrayLayout layout;
        layout.maximumCount = maximumCount;

        // When the user adds a light type `X` to a light-env layout,
        // we need to compute the corresponding Slang type and
        // layout information to use. If only a single light is
        // supported, this will just be the type `X`, while for
        // any other count this will be a `LightArray<X, maximumCount>`
        //
        if (maximumCount <= 1)
        {
            layout.typeName = lightType->getName();
        }
        else
        {
            auto program = context->slangReflection;
            std::stringstream typeNameBuilder;
            typeNameBuilder << "LightArray<" << lightType->getName() << "," << maximumCount
                            << ">";
            layout.typeName = typeNameBuilder.str();
        }

        lightArrayLayouts.push_back(layout);
        mapLightTypeToArrayIndex.insert(std::make_pair(lightType, arrayIndex));
    }

    template<typename T> void addLightType(RendererContext* context, Int maximumCount)
    {
        addLightType(context, getShaderType<T>(context), maximumCount);
    }

    Int getArrayIndexForType(slang::TypeReflection* lightType)
    {
        auto iter = mapLightTypeToArrayIndex.find(lightType);
        if (iter != mapLightTypeToArrayIndex.end())
            return iter->second;

        return -1;
    }
};

// A `LightEnv` follows the structure of a `LightEnvLayout`,
// and provides storage for zero or more lights of various
// different types (up to the limits imposed by the layout).
//
struct LightEnv : public RefObject
{
    // A light environment is always created from a fixed layout
    // in this application, so the constructor allocates an array
    // for the per-light-type data.
    //
    // A more complex example might dynamically determine the
    // layout based on the number of lights of each type active
    // in the scene, with some quantization applied to avoid
    // generating too many shader specializations.
    //
    // Note: the kind of specialization going on here would also
    // be applicable to a deferred or "forward+" renderer, insofar
    // as it sets the bounds on the total set of lights for
    // a scene/frame, while per-tile/-cluster light lists would
    // probably just be indices into the global structure.
    //
    RefPtr<LightEnvLayout> layout;
    RendererContext* context;
    LightEnv(RefPtr<LightEnvLayout> layout, RendererContext* inContext)
        : layout(layout)
        , context(inContext)
    {
        for (auto arrayLayout : layout->lightArrayLayouts)
        {
            RefPtr<LightArray> lightArray = new LightArray();
            lightArray->layout = arrayLayout;
            lightArrays.push_back(lightArray);
        }
    }

    // For each light type, we track the layout information,
    // plus the list of active lights of that type.
    //
    struct LightArray : RefObject
    {
        LightEnvLayout::LightArrayLayout layout;
        std::vector<RefPtr<Light>> lights;
    };
    std::vector<RefPtr<LightArray>> lightArrays;

    RefPtr<LightArray> getArrayForType(slang::TypeReflection* type)
    {
        auto index = layout->getArrayIndexForType(type);
        return lightArrays[index];
    }

    void add(RefPtr<Light> light)
    {
        auto array = getArrayForType(light->getShaderType(context));
        array->lights.push_back(light);
    }

    // Get the proper shader type that represents this lighting environment.
    slang::TypeReflection* getShaderType()
    {
        // Given a lighting environment with N light types:
        //
        // L0, L1, ... LN
        //
        // We want to compute the Slang type:
        //
        // LightPair<L0, LightPair<L1, ... LightPair<LN-1, LN>>>
        //
        // This is most easily accomplished by doing a "fold" while
        // walking the array in reverse order.

        std::string currentEnvTypeName;
        auto arrayCount = layout->lightArrayLayouts.size();
        for (size_t ii = arrayCount; ii--;)
        {
            auto arrayInfo = layout->lightArrayLayouts[ii];

            if (!currentEnvTypeName.size())
            {
                // The is the right-most entry, so it is the base case for our "fold".
                currentEnvTypeName = arrayInfo.typeName;
            }
            else
            {
                // Fold one entry: `envLayout = LightPair<a, envLayout>`
                std::stringstream typeBuilder;
                typeBuilder << "LightPair<" << arrayInfo.typeName << "," << currentEnvTypeName
                            << ">";
                currentEnvTypeName = typeBuilder.str();
            }
        }

        if (!currentEnvTypeName.size())
        {
            // Handle the special case of *zero* light types.
            currentEnvTypeName = "EmptyLightEnv";
        }
        return context->slangReflection->findTypeByName(currentEnvTypeName.c_str());
    }

    // Because the lighting environment will often change between frames,
    // we will not try to optimize for the case where it doesn't change,
    // and will instead create a "transient" shader object from
    // scratch every frame.
    //
    ComPtr<IShaderObject> createShaderObject()
    {
        auto specializedType = getShaderType();

        auto shaderObject = context->device->createShaderObject(specializedType);
        ShaderCursor cursor(shaderObject);
        // When filling in the shader object for a lighting
        // environment, we mostly follow the structure of
        // the type that was computed by the `LightEnv::getShaderType`:
        //
        //      LightPair<A, LightPair<B, ... LightPair<Y, Z>>>
        //
        // we will keep `encoder` pointed at the "spine" of this
        // structure (so at an element that represents a `LightPair`,
        // except for the special case of the last item like `Z` above).
        //
        // For each light type, we will then encode the data as
        // needed for the light type (`A` then `B` then ...)
        //
        size_t lightTypeCount = lightArrays.size();
        for (size_t tt = 0; tt < lightTypeCount; ++tt)
        {
            // The encoder for the very last item will


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